tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dangerous delays in tampon absorbency warnings
Authors: S. M. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) study in this issue ofThe Journalconfirms the strong association between increased tampon absorbency and enhanced risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS)<sup>1</sup>and again highlights, as seen with aspirin and Reye's syndrome,<sup>2</sup>the dangerous delay between scientific knowledge and its conversion into public policy. The failure of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to warn women adequately based on evidence available more than six years ago, a failure prolonged by the tampon industry, has caused unnecessary risks to millions of American women who regularly use tampons. Since early 1981, when the FDA was first informed by Minnesota Health Department epidemiologist Michael Osterholm, PhD, MPH, of the results of the Tri-State Study, which concluded that "women who used high absorbency tampons had a greater relative risk of developing TSS than women who used low absorbency tampons,"<sup>3</sup>there have been 1584 reported
Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men
Authors: S. N. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the relationship between changes in physical fitness and risk of mortality in men. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective study, with two clinical examinations (mean interval between examinations, 4.9 years) to assess change or lack of change in physical fitness as associated with risk of mortality during follow-up after the subsequent examination (mean follow-up from subsequent examination, 5.1 years). <h3>Setting.</h3> —Preventive medicine clinic. <h3>Study Participants.</h3> —Participants were 9777 men given two preventive medical examinations, each of which included assessment of physical fitness by maximal exercise tests and evaluation of health status. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —All-cause (n=223) and cardiovascular disease (n=87) mortality. <h3>Results.</h3> —The highest age-adjusted all-cause death rate was observed in men who were unfit at both examinations (122.0/10 000 man-years); the lowest death rate was in men who were physically fit at both examinations (39.6/10000 man-years). Men who improved from unfit to fit between the first and subsequent examinations had an age-adjusted death rate of 67.7/10 000 man-years. This is a reduction in mortality risk of 44% (95% confidence interval, 25% to 59%) relative to men who remained unfit at both examinations. Improvement in fitness was associated with lower death rates after adjusting for age, health status, and other risk factors of premature mortality. For each minute increase in maximal treadmill time between examinations, there was a corresponding 7.9% (<i>P</i>=.001) decrease in risk of mortality. Similar results were seen when the group was stratified by health status, and for cardiovascular disease mortality. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Men who maintained or improved adequate physical fitness were less likely to die from all causes and from cardiovascular disease during follow-up than persistently unfit men. Physicians should encourage unfit men to improve their fitness by starting a physical activity program. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1093-1098)
Forensic scientists helping Haiti heal
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ON A BEACH under the blistering Haitian sun, an international team of forensic anthropologists began to scrape away the sand and debris they hoped was hiding the remains of one of the dozen or so people who were killed there by the country's armed forces in April 1994. They were led to this spot by a resident of Roboteau, a seaside shantytown in Gonaives, a 4-hour drive north of the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince. The man described how the police made members of the community swim out into the bay and tie ropes around three corpses that were not washed out to sea, tow them to the beach, and bury them in two shallow graves. The investigators, Mercedes (Mimi) Doretti, and Luis Fonderbrider, PhD, two of the founding members of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, and Federico Reyes and Mariana Valdizon, of the Guatemalan Forensic Anthropology Team, are veterans of similar
Therapeutic Misadventure
Authors: K J GOULSTON, A P SKYRING, V J MCGOVERN
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Many arguments have been canvassed for and against the change.Feelings run high, but it is to be hoped that every- one will now settle down to make a success of the new regime.There is general agreement on the need for an elected body larger than the L.C.C., whose boundaries were virtually those of built-up London in 1855, when the Metropolitan Board of Works was established.The functions which have outgrown the capacity of any existing authority included traffic problems, main roads, and main drainage.The Royal Commission which inquired into these questions made no serious criticism of the efficiency of the health services of the metropolis but considered that very large authorities were unsuited to the administration of the personal health services and that their focal points should be the local town halls, readily accessible to the people.The Local Medical Committee for London was opposed to the
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Mirror-writing Q.-A healthy, intelligent, left-handed girl of 6' indulges in mirror- writing.Is any treatment necessary, apart from education by her school teachers?She is the elder of two girls, and appears to be jealouis of attentions paid to her sister (aged 2).A.-One would like to know whether the mirror-writing is carried out habitually or only on occasions.(It is assumed that the writing is being done with the left hand.)If the mnirror-writing is merely an occasional event, then no action is called for.The phenomenon should be ignored and not encouraged.
War Trauma
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of Myelotoxicity Caused by Environmental Chemicals
Authors: G. A. Boorman, M. I. Luster, J. H. Dean, M. L. Campbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Potential antineoplastic agents must be screened for the delayed toxicity that occurs in many cases of drug-induced bone marrow aplasia. In vitro clonal assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells have been developed to assess the degree of myelotoxicity. This adverse side effect is often the limiting factor in the development of new cancer chemotherapeutics. In addition, many environmental chemicals are cytotoxic to rapidly proliferating cells, but a systematic assessment of their myelotoxicity has not been performed. We have used clonal marrow assays to investigate a panel of chemicals including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polybrominated biphenyls, diethylstilbestrol, benzo(a)pyrene and indomethacin. All were immunotoxic, some to pleuripotent hemopoetic stem cells and other to granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and at concentrations below those causing other toxic manifestations. This shows that these bone marrow clonal assays, and hopefully future one for erythroid, B- and T-lymphocytes, and megakaryocytes, will provide the specificity and sensitivity necessary to delineate the myelotoxicity of a broad spectrum of environmental chemicals.
EXPERIMENTAL THROMBOATHEROSCLEROSIS
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New corticosteroid.
Authors: T. W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Recovery was prompt with the routine regimen followed in the hospital.As the ulcer did not heal, he was re-examined carefully and found to have an enlarged firm spleen, which had been missed earlier on account of the severe abdominal rigidity.On further investigation he was found to have spherocytosis, and the cause of the chronic ulcer became clear.He was advised surgery but was not willing for this and took his discharge.He was seen again in February 1964 with another full-blown attack of tetanus.The ulcer had not healed and again yielded the organisms.This time recovery followed a stormy course and the patient consented to undergo splenectomy.After surgery the ulcer healed rapidly, and he was free of symptoms when seen in May 1964.
Cancer and Immunology
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: G. Reza Najem
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A 3¼-year study assessed intervention approaches for hemodialysis-associated hepatitis. A 12-month retrospective study was followed by one year of prospective surveillance (during which attention to hygienic techniques was encouraged) and then by a 15-month period during which antigen-positive cases were transferred from study centers to an isolation hemodialysis center (IHC). The incidence of hepatitis B infection (HBI) fell 35.9% in study centers during surveillance; this was followed by a 50.0% drop during the IHC phase. The total 67.9% drop during the entire study period was statistically highly significant; the IHC contributed significantly more to the total drop than did surveillance alone. At comparison units, HBI increased 97.9% during the same period. This study indicates that HBI incidence can be markedly reduced by a combination of surveillance and assignment of antigen-positive patients to a separate dialysis unit. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:153-157)
409P CARAMEL study: ClinicAl prognostic biomarkers for Ipilimumab-Related outcome in metastatic MELanoma patients
Authors: L. Orgiano, F. Bruder, C. Madeddu, R. Marconcini, E. Gambale, E. Galizia, S. Stucci, F. Spagnolo, L. Di Guardo, C. Loi, A. Dessi, E. Massa, D. Massa, G. Astara, M. Del Vecchio, F. Silvestris, M. De Tursi, A. Falcone, P. Queirolo, M. Scartozzi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakstan: PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in Southern Kazakstan
Authors: Kim Hooper, Myrto X. Petreas, Jianwen She, Pat Visita, Jennifer Winkler, Michael McKinney, Mandy Mok, Fred Sy, Jarnail Garcha, Modan Gill, Robert D. Stephens, Gulnara Semenova, Turgeledy Sharmanov, Tamara Chuvakova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Organochlorine pesticides (OC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in samples of breast milk taken from 92 donors representative of regional populations in southern Kazakstan. The World Health Organization protocol for assessing levels of chlorinated contaminants in breast milk was followed. The most prevalent OC residues were beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, hexachlorobenzene, and alpha-HCH. The measured levels of beta-HCH were among the highest reported in the published literature. Data from Aralsk, near the Aral Sea, indicated continuing DDT exposure. Overall PCB-toxic equivalent levels (22 pg/g fat) were similar to those reported in industrialized European countries. PCBs were highest in Atyrau in the Caspian oilfields.
Effects of organometals on cellular signaling. I. Influence of metabolic inhibitors on metal-induced arachidonic acid liberation
Authors: A Käfer, H F Krug
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Organic lead and tin compounds stimulate an increase of free arachidonic acid (AA) in HL-60 cells.This fatty acid is involved in numerous health problems and physiological mechanisms.Three major pathways result in a liberation of AA from membrane phospholipids and there is evidence that G-proteins serve as couplers within all three pathways.Therefore we investigated the influence of pertussis toxin (PT) on the organometallic- induced AA liberation.The effect of all studied compounds (organotin and organo-lead) was diminished by PT.We conclude that the organometals activate PLA2 to some extent via a PT-sensitive pathway.The ionophor A 23187 (1-10 pM) led to an increase of free AA by raising the intracellular Ca2, level.One of the postulated ways of AA release is via Ca2, channel activation; phospholipases are Ca2' dependent.Thus, we examined the necessity of free intracellular Ca2, for the organometallic effect.The Ca2' chelator EGTA inhibited the increase of free AA induced by organometals.This is true also for verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker.Quinacrine, which is thought to be an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), prevented the AA liberation from membrane phospholipids induced by organometals.This could be due to the inhibition of PLA2, but it could also be the result of an inhibited Ca influx.-
La gastrectomía: Sus resultados, consideraciones clínico-quirúrgicas
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DERMATITIS OF PREGNANCY
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hippocrates Affirmed?
Authors: Vijay H. Aswani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters18 March 2008Hippocrates Affirmed?Vijay H. Aswani, MD, PhDVijay H. Aswani, MD, PhDFrom Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am writing in response to the recent editorial by Goldman and Fiebach (1). The aphorism “first do no harm” alluded to in this article cannot be incontrovertibly attributed to Hippocrates. In fact, scholars reject him as the author of the phrase.It is true that Hippocrates did say: “As to diseases, make a habit of two things—to help, or at least to do no harm” (2). In addition, the Hippocratic Oath says: “I will apply dietetic measures for benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice” ...References1. Goldman L, Fiebach NH. Hippocrates affirmed? Limiting residents' work hours does no harm to patients [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:143-4. [PMID: 17548399] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Markel H. “I swear by Apollo”—on taking the Hippocratic oath. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2026-9. [PMID: 15141039] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Smith CM. Origin and uses of primum non nocere—above all, do no harm! J Clin Pharmacol. 2005;45:371-7. [PMID: 15778417] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vijay H. Aswani, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 54449.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHippocrates Affirmed? Limiting Residents' Work Hours Does No Harm to Patients Lee Goldman and Nicholas H. Fiebach Metrics 18 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 6Page: 483-484KeywordsConflicts of interestHabitsIntensive care units ePublished: 18 March 2008 Issue Published: 18 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An experiment in education for family practice
Authors: F. S. Caliva
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An experiment in the education of family physicians and in the provision of comprehensive health services to indigent patients is in its third year at St. Joseph's Hospital, a community hospital of 350 beds with a major affiliation with the State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center. The plan, independently designed by interested personnel from the hospital, the local Department of Social Welfare, and the Upstate Medical Center, coincidentally embodies many of the principles recently set forth by Carmichael.<sup>1</sup> It is primarily an attempt to train family physicians in a setting similar to one in which they will ultimately practice, and has been approved by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association as a pilot program in family practice. At the same time, the Family Practice Project (FPP), as it is being called, represents an experimental approach to community health needs by (1) providing an
Recommendations on the use of living kidney donors in the United Kingdom. British Transplantation Society.
Journal: BMJ (1986)

In the opinion of the British Transplantation Society, cadaveric donor transplantation is the preferred form of treatment for end stage renal disease, and only a shortage of cadaveric organs justifies the use of living donors. Acknowledging that at times it may be necessary to use a living related donor and, in exceptional circumstances, an unrelated living donor, the Society has adopted guidelines to be followed by transplant surgeons in such cases. The guidelines, reproduced here, are intended to protect donors, recipients, and physicians. When using a related donor, the surgeon must make every effort to determine that the donor and the recipient are in fact blood relatives. With an unrelated donor, 11 conditions must be met before the transplantation can be performed. In addition, the Society recommends that a compulsory register of all transplant activity in the United Kingdom be established and monitored by a review panel.
The international responsibilities of American medical education
Authors: C. J. Martini
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE FIRST medical college in America was established in New York City in 1765 by its two-man faculty, John Morgan, MD, and William Shippen, Jr, MD, who had trained in Scotland. Samuel Bard, MD, a graduate of Edinburgh, Scotland, established the second medical school, also in New York, in 1767.<sup>1</sup>However, for more than 100 years subsequent to development of our first schools, American physicians were still training in large numbers in Europe, in particular in England and Germany. The United States has continued to import medical professionals; at present, more than one fifth of all the physicians in this country are foreign medical graduates. Our need for foreign-trained medical physicians, or even American-educated physicians, has now changed dramatically, with a possible excess of supply. Numerous voices have been raised recently with different proposals to share our qualified health manpower and academic programs with the rest of the world.