tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16822: Dust Storms in the United States are Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: James L Crooks, Wayne Cascio, Madelyn Percy, Jeanette Reyes, Lucas Neas, Elizabeth Hilborn
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Extreme weather events such as dust storms are predicted to become more frequent as the global climate warms through the 21st century. Studies of Asian, Saharan, Arabian, and Australian dust storms have found associations with cardiovascular and total non-accidental mortality and hospitalizations for stroke. However, the only population-level epidemiological work on dust storms in the United States was focused on a single small metropolitan area (Spokane, WA), and it is uncertain whether its null results are representative of the country as a whole. Hypothesis: Dust storms in the United States are associated with daily cardiovascular mortality. Methods: Dust storm incidence data (N=141), including date and approximate location, as well as meteorological station observations, were taken from the U.S. National Weather Service. County-level mortality data for the years 1993-2005 were acquired from the National Center for Health Statistics. Ambient particulate matter monitor concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Inference was performed used conditional logistic regression models under a case-crossover design while accounting for the nonlinear effect of temperature. Results: We found a 9.5% increase in cardiovascular mortality at a two-day lag (95% CI: [0.31%,19.5%], p = 0.042). The results were robust to adjusting for heat waves and ambient particulate matter concentrations. Analysis of storms occurring only on days with &lt;0.1 inches of precipitation strengthened these results and in addition yielded a mean daily increase of 4.0% across lags 0-5 (95% CI: [0.07%,20.8%], p = 0.046). In Arizona, the U.S. state with the largest number of storms, we observed a 13.0% increase at a three-day lag (CI: [0.40%,27.1%], p = 0.043). Conclusions: Dust storms in the U.S. are associated with increases in lagged cardiovascular mortality. This has implications for the development of public health advisories and suggests that further public health interventions may be needed. Disclaimer: This work does not represent official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy.
Binocular Vision and the Modern Treatment of Squint.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This booklet is divided into seven chapters, covering binocular vision, binocular balance, suspension of vision, amblyopia, the refractor and dynamic retinoscope, dynamic retinoscopy in cases of squint, and orthoptic training. The majority of the illustrations are of some commercial firm's instruments, guaranteed to cure squint in six lessons in spare hours. The text tends to indicate a rather rudimentary and half-baked knowledge and abounds with misstatements, such as "to cover the non-squinting eye with a disc has not had very satisfactory results.... It is better, if this form of treatment is adopted, to cover the amblyopic eye when the sound eye is in use." Despite emphasis laid on refraction there is no mention made of the use of cycloplegics, and from the high sounding terms used to cover the lack of use of cycloplegia one would suspect the author of being an optometrist either in reality or in spirit. This
Study of the Effect of Lactational Bone Loss on Blood Lead Concentrations in Humans
Authors: John D. Osterloh, Thomas J. Kelly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Lactation and other clinical states of high bone turnover have been suggested to release lead (Pb) stored in bone into blood and tissues. Previous observations on the influences of lactation have been anecdotal, or at high blood Pb concentrations with varying past exposures, or complicated by postpartum fluid changes. A prospective observational study was performed to investigate possible changes in blood lead concentrations at multiple intervals during lactation for 6 months postpartum and to relate changes in blood lead concentrations to changes in bone density and other variables. Volunteer pregnant subjects (n = 58) were enrolled from a midwifery service at an academic public health hospital. Subjects were mostly Hispanic, recently immigrated, of low economic status, not receiving supplemental calcium, and had low blood Pb concentrations (2.35 +/- 2.05 microg/dl at enrollment). Bone density losses over 6 months for the group averaged -2.46 +/- 6.33% at the vertebral spine and -0.67 +/- 5.21% at the femoral neck. In predicting final bone density, apart from initial bone density only the total number of breast-feedings was a significant independent variable of the variables tested, accounting for an additional 12% of the variability. No changes in blood Pb concentrations were seen over the interval beyond 2 weeks postpartum (minimum detectable change was 0.4 microg/dl). There was no relation between the changes in bone density and changes in blood Pb or the integrated blood Pb over the 2-week to 6-month period. Normal (nonlactating) bone resorption rates contribute a large fraction of the Pb in blood during low-exposure circumstances. However, during lactation the increase in bone resorptive processes is probably relatively small with a larger decrease in deposition accounting for net bone loss, as suggested by other investigations. Thus, concomitant release of Pb from bones of lactating subjects with low blood lead concentrations on this background of high normal resorption was not large enough for detection.
CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS
Authors: JOSEPH PRICE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the early history of gynecology the real pioneers had not only the scientific knowledge to attain, but principles to practically apply, means and methods to adopt without the aid of precedents or the counsel of fellow practitioners. It has always been difficult to perfect and establish a procedure. McDowell operated with a mob at his door. Nineteen and ten years before McDowell's operation, William Bainham did two successful operations for ectopie pregnancy. Doubtless the success of Bainham's operation greatly influenced McDowell and was inspiration in his own heroic and successful work. Yet notwithstanding this success there was a suspension of the operation for a quarter of a century. Not again was the operation resorted to until 1843. Then by John Light Atlee of Lancaster, Pa., and John Clay of Manchester, England. To the extent to which these pioneers carried their work, we have in our own work, without material
Hippocampal Volume, PTSD, and Alcoholism in Combat Veterans
Authors: Steven H Woodward, Danny G Kaloupek, Chris C Streeter, Matthew O Kimble, Allan L Reiss, Stephan Eliez, Lawrence L Wald, Perry F Renshaw, Blaise B Frederick, Barton Lane, Javaid I Sheikh, Wendy K Stegman, Catherine J Kutter, Lorraine P Stewart, Rebecca S Prestel, Ned J Arsenault
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Studies imposing rigorous control over lifetime alcohol intake have usually not found smaller hippocampal volumes in persons with posttraumatic stress disorder. Because the majority of negative studies have used adolescent samples, it has been suggested that chronicity is a necessary condition for such findings. To test the hypothesis that a smaller hippocampus in PTSD is unrelated to comorbid alcoholism or to chronicity, this study estimated hippocampal volume in a relatively large group (N=99) of combat veterans in which PTSD, lifetime alcohol abuse/dependence, and Vietnam versus Gulf War service were crossed. In subjects with histories of alcoholism, unadjusted hippocampal volume was 9% smaller in persons with PTSD than in those without PTSD. In nonalcoholic subjects, the PTSD-related difference in hippocampal volume was 3%. The failure to observe a strong association between PTSD and hippocampal volume in nonalcoholic subjects was not ascribable to younger age, reduced PTSD chronicity, or lower PTSD symptom severity. The possibility that smaller hippocampal volume is limited to groups in which PTSD is compounded by comorbid alcoholism is not necessarily incompatible with results suggesting a smaller hippocampus is predispositional to PTSD. Further examination of the role of alcoholism and other comorbid conditions in studies of brain structure and function in PTSD appears warranted.
Often thwarted treaty efforts leave chemical, biological weapons a still potent threat
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

"A SPECIAL repugnance toward chemical and biological warfare" (weapons that Saddam Hussein now threatens to use) may be expected of physicians because the use of these agents conflicts directly with ethical conduct standards from the Oath of Hippocrates to the Code of the World Medical Association. So state Robert M. Goldwyn, MD, and Victor W. Sidel, MD, in an essay entitled "The Physician and War" (<i>Ethical Issues in Medicine</i>. Boston, Mass: Little Brown &amp; Co Inc; 1968). Published at a time when the Vietnam Conflict intensified the involvement of physicians and other scientists in national policy issues, this essay reflects the thinking that produced two major studies aimed at controlling such weapons. According to Elisa D. Harris, a senior research analyst at the Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, "chemical and biological weaponry became an issue in the 1960s largely because of the United States' use of riot control agents and herbicides
Prehospital Thrombolysis—Calculated Health Benefit for Catchment Population of One Hospital
Authors: Mark Kroese, David Kanka, Peter Weissberg, Barbara Arch, John Scott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

The health benefit of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is greatest when patients are treated soon after onset of symptoms. One approach to reducing treatment delay is to give thrombolysis before the patient reaches hospital. When an ambulance trust proposed a prehospital thrombolysis service, local commissioners requested an estimate of its possible health impact. Clinical audit and ambulance trust data were obtained for 165 patients who received thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction in the coronary care unit of a local hospital in one year. This information was then used to estimate the health impact of prehospital thrombolysis in the local population in a mathematical model derived from the results of trials comparing prehospital and hospital thrombolysis. The best predicted local health benefit from the proposed prehospital thrombolysis service is that, if 45 minutes can be cut off the call-to-needle time, 61 cases of acute myocardial infarction need to be treated to save one additional life at 35 days. By use of published research data, the health benefits of prehospital thrombolysis can be estimated for a local population. Variables in the treatment population and ambulance service will influence the size of the health benefit that can be achieved.
Incorrect Name and Degrees Listed for an Author
Authors: Bernard Trappey
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Mary M. McDermott, MD; Bonnie Spring, MD; Jeffrey S. Berger, MD; Diane Treat-Jacobson, PhD, RN; Michael S. Conte, MD; Mark A. Creager, MD; Michael H. Criqui, MD, MPH; Luigi Ferrucci, MD, PhD; Heather L. Gornik, MD; Jack M. Guralnik, MD, PhD; Elizabeth A. Hahn, MA; Peter Henke, MD; Melina R. Kibbe, MD; Debra Kohlman-Trigoboff, RN, MS, ACNP-BC, CVN; Lingyu Li, MS; Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM; Walter McCarthy, MD; Tamar S. Polonsky, MD; Christopher Skelly, MD; Lu Tian, ScD; Lihui Zhao, PhD; Dongxue Zhang, MS; W. Jack Rejeski, PhD
Gray-scale ultrasonography and thin-needle cholangiography. Evaluation in the jaundiced patient
Authors: L. I. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Gray-scale ultrasonography (GSU) and thin-needle cholangiography (TNC) were performed in 35 consecutive patients with unexplained jaundice. The status of the biliary tree was correctly assessed by GSU in 33 of 35 cases (94%); in two patients technical difficulty prevented definitive assessment. Neither false-positive nor false-negative results were encountered. There were no discrepancies between the results of GSU and TNC. We conclude that GSU provides a safe, highly reliable method of assessing the jaundiced patient and should be the preferred initial procedure in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with jaundice when the major diffential lies between the medical and surgical types. If GSU does not demonstrate a dilated biliary system, TNC is unnecessary, and other diagnositc studies should be undertaken. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1041-1044, 1977)
Orf
Authors: Ullin W. Leavell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Human orf occurred in 19 cases. The pathogenesis of the disease is similar in man and sheep, going through macular, target, acute, regenerative, papiliomatous, and regressive stages. Our cases healed with no scar in an average of 36 days. In three cases there was fever, lymphangitis, and lymphadenopathy. These complications cleared in three days in the cases observed. Progressive increase in size of regional lymph nodes was found 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after experimental vaccination of the extremities of a ewe. Electron microscopy revealed viral particles in various stages of maturation. The particles had the characteristic size and structure of the poxvirus group.
International Clinics. Vol. III. Third series, 1893.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NEW OBSERVATIONS ON VITAMINS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AUTHORS' REPLY
Authors: M. Nishimura
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Effect of aminophylline on brain tissue oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Nishimura and colleagues (December 1992; 47:1025-9) introduce their study of blood gas changes immediately following intravenous theophylline and ethylenediamine by citing two unreliable and misleading references'2 to the upsetting effect of theophylline on children's behaviour.They are only loosely related because ethylendiamine is not inert and these papers concern long term oral theophylline alone.The first study which claimed that "teach- ers could easily discriminate between chil- dren on theophylline and on placebo" used 53 questions irredeemably skewed by restrict- ing the answers to "average," "somewhat more," or "much more."Two questions, "gets into fights?"and "gets angry easily?" reached 5% significance.The rest-the same questionnaire to parents and four psychmotor tests-found nothing.These questions missed 13 of the 20 on treatment so the teachers' scores were actually twice as often wrong as right.The claim is therefore positively misleading.Even more so is the implication that teachers by themselves could tell which children were on theophylline.Not cited by the present authors is a more careful similar study3 with negative findings.In the second study,' school behaviour problems "spontaneously raised" by earlier parents were not confirmed by comparing behaviour checklists and five psychomotor tests with controls.The authors noted the same degree of worsening in the control group in the remaining test as of improvement in the group changed to cromoglycate.They gave no data to support their further claim of "improvement on all concentration measures" in that group.Choosing these two references indirectly and correctly implies that there is no evi- dence of impairment in adults.It is not mentioned in the many acute studies car- ried out over decades with aminophylline, and was not found by those who used appropriate tests.It would have been good to have simultaneous cognitive or psychomotor data from Nishimura's study since its uniquely valuable features cannot easily be repeated.
Serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease
Authors: L. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I, too, as a parent and a physician feel very strongly about the need to educate our teenagers on the importance of "responsible and healthy sexual practices, including abstinence and fidelity." While I may even agree with Dr Snell that our society is too casual when it comes to sex, we must remember, however, that we arrived at the state we are now in long before we ever thought of promoting and providing sex education, ie, the use of condoms. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that in providing education about contraception or disease prevention, we would be making the problem worse. As medical professionals, we, more than anyone else, should be fully aware of the consequences of untreated venereal disease and unwanted pregnancies. We, therefore, have an obligation to see that our children do not become victimized by our own self-righteousness. For lacking anything better to
DIPHASIC TUBERCULOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Your Nervous Child. A Guide for Parents and Teachers.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMU-26. VISUALIZING TUMOR CELL - LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTIONS IN THE BRAIN METASTATIC CASCADE USING IN VIVO TWO PHOTON MICROSCOPY
Authors: Manuel Piechutta, Anna Berghoff, Matthia Karreman, Katharina Gunkel, Wolfgang Wick, Frank Winkler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Despite high frequency of brain metastases (BM) in patients with advanced tumor stages and immunotherapy becoming the treatment of choice in these cases, the mechanisms of the adaptive immune response in BM is poorly understood. Current knowledge on the immunological tumor microenvironment is gained from in vitro- and ex vivo experiments. However, these methods fail to recapitulate the dynamic influx of lymphocytes and their interaction with tumor cells in the complex tumor microenvironment. A better understanding of lymphocyte recruitment, trafficking and activation in vivo is urgently needed to improve immunotherapeutic approaches. To characterize the adaptive immune response in BM at single cell resolution, we developed a unique model allowing us to monitor these processes in vivo using repetitive two photon intravital microscopy. Recipient mice with a chronic cranial window were introduced with fluorescent glycoprotein-100 (gp100) positive syngeneic melanoma cells via heart injection or stereotactic injection into the cortex. Next, these mice received adoptive cell transfer of tumor-specific, fluorescently labeled CD8+ T cells from pmel-1 donor mice. It was possible to establish the first long-term imaging method to study dynamic lymphocyte- tumor cell interactions in the event of BM in vivo on a single cell level. CD8+ T Cells could be recognized not only by its fluorescence signal but also due to their size and typical lymphocytic movement. We observed tumor-specific T cells to cross the brain blood barrier within a couple of hours and reside at the site of tumor for several days. Notably, transferred T cells were found in the tumor margin and inside the tumor but not in healthy brain parenchyma. Taken together, this preclinical model provides insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the immuno-response in vivo at high resolution. Importantly, it enables to further investigate and improve immunotherapeutic approaches with respect to prevention and therapy of BM.