tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Human Heads.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

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Relationship of Iodide Toxicity to a History of Hypersensitivity
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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On Prescribing Physical Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

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Toxicity and Fetotoxicity of TCDD, TCDF and PCB Isomers in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Wilbur P. McNulty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), consumption of food containing commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, some pure polychlorobiphenyl congeners, 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) caused the same clinical toxic manifestations and histopathologic lesions, although the potencies of the toxicants covered a range of five orders of magnitude. Recovery from poisoning by 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (34TCB) or TCDF was rapid, whereas recovery from poisoning by Aroclor 1242, 3,4,5,3', 4', 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (345HCB) or TCDD was protracted, if it occurred at all. 34TCB did not appreciably accumulate in body fat, but the level of 345HCB in fat rose steadily during ingestion. In one monkey, 25% of TCDD stored in fat after a single dose was still present after 2 years. Among the symmetrical tetra-and hexachlorobiphenyl isomers tested, subacute oral toxicity could be demonstrated only for those without ortho chlorine substitutions. 34TCB and 345HCB were toxic at dietary levels of less than 1 ppm, but ingestion of food containing 2,5,2',5'- tetrachlorobiphenyl at 5 ppm, or 2,4,5,2',4',5'-, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-, or 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl at 15 or 65 ppm, caused no discernible deleterious effects. The principal demonstrable histopathological lesions, bone marrow excepted, were metaplasias in some specialized epithelial structures, such as sebaceous glands, nail beds, gastric mucosa, ameloblast, and thymic corpuscles. These changes were interpreted as toxicant-induced, reversible redirection of differentiation. This aberration was wholly reversible. TCDD and 34TCB caused abortions when given in one or a few oral doses early in pregnancy. At the total doses used (1 or 5 micrograms/kg of body weight for TCDD, 3 or 0.6 mg/kg of body weight for 34TCB), maternal toxicity was frequently apparent subsequent to the abortion.
A Dilemma of Research: The Conflict Of Creativity vs Demands of Society
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MSG-Reply
Authors: Linda M. Bartoshuk
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are pleased for the opportunity to reply to the comments of two individuals familiar with the use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the food industry. Dr. Ebert was previously Manager for Product Safety Evaluation at International Minerals and Chemical Corp., which for many years produced MSG commercially under the trademark Acćent. He is now Director of Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs at the Wm. Underwood Co., which currently produces Acćent. Acćent is marketed for use as a "flavor enhancer." Ms. June Reaume has described her experience with MSG evaluations by a flavor panel. Both individuals argue that MSG is only used in small quantities as a "flavor enhancer" or "flavor potentiator." Recommended amounts vary from 0.1% to 0.3%.<sup>1</sup> The term "flavor enhancer" needs clarification. If the addition of one substance to another changes the flavor of the second substance, even though the flavor of the first
POISONING IN HISTORY.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

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<i>Genito-Urinary Diseases and Syphilis.</i>By Henry H. Morton, M. D., Clinical Professor of Genito-Urinary Diseases in the Long Island College Hospital; Genito-Urinary Surgeon to the Long Island and Kings County Hospital, etc. Illustrated. Second edition. Revised and enlarged. (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1908.)
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1909)
Phase II feasibility study of adjuvant S-1 plus CPT-11 for stage III gastric cancer patients after curative D2 gastrectomy (OGSG 0801).
Authors: Yutaka Kimura, Kazumasa Fujitani, Shugo Ueda, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Hiroshi Imamura, Junji Gofuku, Shigeyuki Tamura, Yukinori Kurokawa, Hiroya Takiuchi, Hiroshi Furukawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

142 Background: An adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 has become the standard treatment for patients (pts) with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) in Japan. But, it is assumed that the survival benefit for stage III pts who received S-1 is modest. S-1 plus CPT-11 has not shown the superiority in median overall survival (OS), but shown the well response rate (56%) and tolerability in Phase III trial (TOP-002 study). The aims of this phase II study were to evaluate the feasibility and safety of adjuvant S-1 plus CPT-11 in pts with stage III GC who underwent D2 surgery. Methods: Pts with pathological stage IIIA and IIIB GC who underwent gastrectomy D2 dissection, age 20-75 years, performance status &lt; 1, and informed consent received oral S-1 (80 mg/m 2 /day) administration for consecutive 3 weeks and intravenous CPT-11 (80 mg/m 2 ) on day 1, 15, repeated every 5 weeks (1 cycle). The treatment was repeated for 4 cycles, followed by S-1 administration until 1 year after surgery. The primary endpoint was feasibility of the 4 cycles administration of S-1 plus CPT-11. Results: We enrolled forty-five pts, 22 males and 23 females with a median age of 61 years, between December 2008 and April 2010. Pathological stages included IIIA in 25 pts and IIIB in 20 pts. The feasibility of planned 4 cycles of treatment was 62.2% (95% CI 46.5-76.2%, p=0.068) with 28 pts out of 45 pts. Non-hematological toxicities of grade 3 or more involved diarrhea in 13%, anorexia in 16%, nausea in 7% and vomiting in 4%. No Grade 4 toxicities were observed. Conclusions: Adjuvant S-1 plus CPT-11 therapy had moderate hematological toxicities, but observed several severe non-hematological toxicities. Therefore, predicted feasibility was not achieved. Although the follow-up period is too short to evaluate OS and feasibility of S-1 administration, it is hoped that this regimen will be a candidate for future phase III trial seeking for the optimal adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III GC pts after D2 dissection if OS will be improved.
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A randomized, double-blind phase II trial of docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) combined with either AT101 or placebo for the first-line therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Authors: G. Sonpavde, V. B. Matveev, J. M. Burke, J. R. Caton, M. T. Fleming, P. A. Karlov, J. Holmlund, B. A. Wood, M. Brookes, L. H. Leopold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

125 Background: AT-101 (A), a small molecule oral inhibitor of the Bcl-2 protein family has broad preclinical activity including synergy with docetaxel (D). AT-101 has demonstrated activity alone and in combination with D in D-refractory patients with metastatic CRPC. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial was conducted to compare the combination of DP with either A or placebo in chemo-naive men with progressive metastatic CRPC. A key requirement was progression (bone scan, RECIST or rising PSA ≥ 2 ng/mL) despite androgen deprivation. Stratification factors were pain and performance status. Patients received DP (75mg/m 2 day 1; 5mg PO b.i.d.) Q 21 days (1 cycle) with either A (40 mg b.i.d.) or placebo PO on days 1–3. Radiological assessments were performed every 3 cycles. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and 221 patients were planned for 110 events (80% power, HR 0.67, 1-sided alpha 0.1). Results: 221 patients were randomized to ADP or placebo-DP and baseline factors were balanced. Efficacy outcomes (OS, PFS, PSA declines, disease control) were not significantly different ( Table ). In a subgroup of patients with poor-risk CRPC (n=34), efficacy endpoints appeared to favor ADP with a median OS of 19 months vs.14 months for placebo-DP. Grade 3/4 AEs that occurred with higher incidence in the ADP arm compared to placebo-DP included cardiac AEs (5% vs. 2%), lymphopenia (23% vs. 16%), neutropenia (47% vs. 40%), ileus (2% vs. 0%) and pulmonary embolism (6% vs. 2%). Conclusions: The combination of AT-101 with DP in men with chemonaive metastatic CRPC was well tolerated but did not extend OS compared to placebo-DP. There was a potential benefit in a subset of high-risk patients. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
NIV in clinical practice: view from the frontline
Authors: L Piggin, E Thornton, R Angus, B Chakrabarti, Young Ca, S Gledhill, T Felton, S Johnson, N Clayton
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Introduction:The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is used to quantify changes in daytime somnolence.It is not known whether quantitative changes in ESS scores accurately reflect qualitative experiences of patients with motor neurone disease (MND) following initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in terms of perceived changes in sleep quality, fatigue and daytime somnolence.Methods: This study, comprising both quantitative and qualitative methods, assessed 7 MND patients (6 men; mean age 66 years) immediately prior to NIV commencement and again 3 months post NIV initiation.Each assessment included overnight pulse oximetry, the ESS and one semi-structured interview.Interviews underwent thematic analysis before comparison with quantitative data.Results: Pre-NIV, 3 patients scored >10 on ESS (range 2-17; M = 8.0).Pre-NIV ESS scores correlated significantly with percentage time ,90% saturation in pre-NIV oximetry (M = 21.22%,SD = 22.06; r = 0.786, p = 0.036).However, ESS scores did not appear to correspond to individual qualitative experiences, underestimating symptom severity.The majority experienced disturbed sleep, fatigue and daytime somnolence that often caused low mood and negative illness perception.Post-NIV, ESS scores (range 1-12; M = 6.29) did not differ significantly from pre-NIV scores (t (6) = 0.61, p = 0.56) and did not correlate with any post-NIV oximetry markers.The trend in ESS scores towards decreased sleepiness (M = 0.29, SD = 7.65) following NIV initiation did significantly correlate with the change in percentage time spent ,90% saturation (M = 16.8,SD = 13.24;r = 0.841, p = 0.018).Qualitatively, patients reported substantial improvement in sleep quality and reductions in daytime somnolence beyond those suggested by change in ESS scores.For the majority, qualitative changes following NIV initiation were significant enough to improve mood, illness perception and expectations of life with MND.Conclusion: ESS scores correlated with some physiological markers of nocturnal hypoventilation prior to NIV but underestimated the impact of daytime somnolence, failing to capture the magnitude of positive changes perceived as a result of NIV use.This suggests that the ESS requires substantiation by qualitative data if it is to be used as an effective outcome measure in research addressing NIV use in this population.
Leçons de Gynécologie Opératoire, par Vulliet, Professeur á la Faculté de Médecine de Genève, etc., and Lutaud, Professeur libre de Gynécologie à l'Ecole pratique, etc.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

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Erratum: Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. An Official ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Muddassir Mehmood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2020)

In a recent issue of the Journal, Ayas and colleagues put their finger on the pulse of cardiovascular (CV) interactions in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1).The authors eloquently highlighted the pathophysiologic bases of the adverse effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia marked by proinflammatory and adverse neurohormonal effects and raised the important question of whether adjunctive pharmacotherapy could alter CV outcomes in OSA (1).In this context, it is important to remind the scientific community that the effect of such cardiopulmonary interactions extends beyond OSA.This is particularly relevant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), two diseases that often coexist and adversely impact outcomes (2).Chronic inflammation plays a central role in COPD, and in addition to pulmonary manifestations, is characterized by systemic inflammation with potential adverse CV impact (3).Indeed, inflammation and heart failure are strongly interconnected, and in HFpEF, the proinflammatory state is driven by comorbidities (4).Although blockage of the renin-angiotensin system exerts multisystem antiinflammatory effects, renin-angiotensin system inhibition and multiple other drug classes have not shown improvement in prespecified endpoints in HFpEF trials, thus highlighting the need for better patient selection (5).In this regard, COPD and OSA appear to be prime avenues for a precision medicine approach to HFpEF.However, identifying patients most suited for tailored adjuvant pharmacotherapy for the prevention and management of HFpEF is made challenging by confounding factors, as discussed by Ayas and colleagues (1).Encouragingly, precision medicine in HFpEF is gaining traction, with a focus on diabetes, and the cardiopulmonary community can learn from this.Most recently, machine learning has been incorporated to predict the risk for heart failure in type 2 diabetes, using readily available clinical variables ( 6).An integrated cardiopulmonary approach leveraging machine learning may be the next best step to investigate the role of adjuvant pharmacotherapy in COPD, OSA, and HFpEF.As a scientific community, we cannot and should not delay a multidisciplinary approach to solving important multisystem problems.
Subgroup analysis of elderly patients treated within the randomized phase 3 doxorubicin versus doxorubicin plus evofosfamide (SARC021) trial.
Authors: Eugenie Younger, Zsuzsanna Papai, Brian Andrew Van Tine, Steven Attia, Karla V. Ballman, Yao Lu, Denise K. Reinke, Patrick Schoffski, William D. Tap, Robin Lewis Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

11575 Background: Approximately 50% of patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) are aged ≥65 years (yrs). The management of elderly STS patients (≥65yrs) is challenging and there are few prospective data on the outcome of those with advanced disease. This study aims to document the safety and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients within the SARC021 trial and provide a benchmark for future research. Methods: SARC021 randomized patients to receive first-line doxorubicin (Dox) or doxorubicin + evofosfamide (DE) with overall survival as the primary end point. The eligibility criteria have been described previously. Patients aged ≥65yrs were identified from the trial database. Results: Of 640 participants, 209 (33%) elderly were treated (Dox: n = 103, median age 70 [65-84] yrs. DE: n = 106, median age 69 [65-89] yrs). There was no significant difference in OS, PFS or response rate (RR) for elderly patients between the 2 arms (OS: median OS Dox 517 days {95%CI 393-628} vs DE 494 days {95%CI 351-701}, p = 0.99. PFS: median PFS Dox 185 days {95%CI 142-218} vs DE 197 days {95%CI 150-250}, p = 0.28. RR: Dox 19{18%} vs DE 27{25%}, p = 0.22). Non-hematological toxicity was significantly more common in the DE arm (Dox 53{51%} vs DE 78{74%}, p = 0.001). Differences in hematological, cardiac and ≥grade 3 toxicities were not significant. In 431 patients aged < 65yrs the median OS (whole cohort) was 614 days (95%CI 515-708) compared to 509 days for those ≥65yrs (p = 0.057). No significant differences were observed for PFS ( < 65yrs 183 days {95%CI 154-194} vs ≥65yrs 191 days {95%CI 176-218}, p = 0.14) or RR ( < 65yrs 103{24%} vs ≥65yrs 46{22%}, p = 0.596). Patients ≥65yrs had significantly more hematological (208{48%} vs 141{67%}, p < 0.0001), non-hematological (215{50%} vs 131{63%}, p = 0.0097) and ≥Grade 3 toxicity (299{69%} vs 178{85%}, p = 0.0002). Significantly more patients ≥65yrs (22{5%} vs 30{14%} p = 0.0001) stopped therapy due to toxicity. Conclusions: For elderly patients no significant difference in outcome was observed between those treated with Dox or combination DE. Elderly outcomes were similar to those < 65yrs, however considerably more toxicity was observed in patients ≥65yrs.