tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morbidity &amp; mortality associated with desmoplasia in midgut (Carcinoid) neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: F. El-Khouly, M. S. Khan, C. Toumpanakis, G. Ogunbiyi, M. Winslet, M. Caplin
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Midgut neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) form part of a heterogenous group characterised by their ability to secrete hormones and other mediators which may cause carcinoid syndrome. They may also present with complex problems related to fibrosis/desmoplasia. Products including 5-HT secreted by NETs may induce fibrosis. It has been previously reported that 30% of patients are found to have desmoplasia on CT at presentation while the incidence increases as disease progresses. Desmoplasia may cause symptoms secondary to mesenteric vein occlusion, ischaemia as well as bowel obstruction. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess morbidity and mortality associated with desmoplasia in midgut NETs. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of our NET Unit database for patients with a diagnosis of midgut NET and desmoplasia. Information available included: age, sex, diagnosis, previous treatment, current management and outcomes from MDT meetings. 107 midgut NET patients with desmoplasia were identified. Patients with non-midgut NETs were excluded. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from time of diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> Full data was available for 99 patients. 51 male and 48 female patients. Desmoplasia was identified at surgery or at CT imaging. 61 (62%) patients were symptomatic from either obstructive or ischaemic cause at some point. 68 (69%) patients had undergone surgical procedures, including primary resection, re-resection, stoma formation and bypass. Of the 48 patients who had undergone surgical resection of the primary tumour, 31 (65%) had presented with obstructive symptoms. 38 (38%) were asymptomatic and desmoplasia was diagnosed incidentally on CT. 6 (6%) patients were symptomatic from SMV occlusion needing anticoagulation. 5 (5%) patients were treated with long-term TPN. 2 had short bowel syndrome. 36 patients had died. Total overall median survival was 96 months. Overall median survival in the symptomatic group was 81 months and not reached in the asymptomatic group (log-rank p=0.059). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Over half of patients with midgut NETs with desmoplasia are symptomatic needing surgical intervention. Patients may present acutely with bowel obstruction due to the tumour itself or the effects of desmoplasia. Desmoplasia can occur and may progress even after medical treatments. Patients with bowel ischaemia maybe managed with anticoagulation. It is difficult to differentiate desmoplasia from adhesions in obstructive patients. The median survival in the symptomatic group was 15 months less than the total median OS, this may reflect the complex nature of patients9 disease status. These patients have complex symptomatology which can only be dealt with by experienced multidisciplinary approach. Further research is required into the pathogenesis of desmoplasia to enable better treatment.
Slanguage of the Addict
Authors: E. J. H.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorial Notes1 July 1967Slanguage of the AddictE. J. H.E. J. H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-1-217 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptJust as criminals and allied objectors to ordinary life form a subsociety within society as a whole, so do addicts form a distinct clan within or closely tied to this subsociety. This was noted by H. L. Mencken (1), Sage of Baltimore, in his The American Language with a sentence highly characteristic of his style:Also hanging about the outskirts of the professional criminals are the drug addicts, the prostitutes, and the disorderly children (not a few of them with well-to-do and even rich parents) who train for entrance into one or another of these groups.Each of the first...References1. MENCKEN HL: The American Language. An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States. Supplement II. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1948, p. 679. Google Scholar2. BEWLEY T: Recent changes in the patterns of drug abuse in the United Kingdom. Bull. Narcotics (United Nations) 18: 1, 1966. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1967Volume 67, Issue 1Page: 217-218KeywordsAddictsChildren ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Veterans Administration clinical investigator program. A 12-year follow-up
Authors: E. Dunner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Twelve years' experience with the Veterans Administration (VA) Clinical Investigator (CI) Program was evaluated. A 100% follow-up of 206 former Cls indicates that the original goals have been realized, in that 40% of these investigators are on VA hospital rosters, 35% more are on medical school staffs, and the Cls entering civilian practice undoubtedly improve the quality of medical care wherever located. Further, there is evident a heavy commitment to patient care, teaching, and research. Efforts to augment numbers of physicians in specialties where shortages persisted resulted in the introduction of additional steps in the program, leading eventually to a five-step career ladder research and education program.
IMPETIGO CONTAGTOSA
Authors: JOHN KINNEAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article IMPETIGO CONTAGTOSA Get access JOHN KINNEAR JOHN KINNEAR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 April 1938, Pages 219–220, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10537.x Published: 01 April 1938
Capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy
Authors: Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado Martínez, Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado Robles
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Correction to: Capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopyEndoscopy 2014; 46(09): 787-790DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377448
More on Desert Storm
Authors: Steven R. Neish
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read the article by Keeler et al<sup>1</sup>with great interest. We were deployed in support of Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm with the 1st Infantry Division and the 1st Cavalry Division. We were responsible for the medical care of thousands of soldiers who were taking pyridostigmine bromide during the preparation for the ground war and during the ground war. Unfortunately, the article suffers from retrospective analysis of data collected in a poorly designed and uncontrolled fashion. No prospective, detailed assessment specific for pyridostigmine effects or the temporal relationship of dosing to such effects was undertaken during Operation Desert Storm. Perhaps this would have been logistically impossible. In fact, the querying of only 30 medical officers is probably insufficient to draw conclusions and accurately assess the overall "incidence of general physiologic response to pyridostigmine and potential adverse effects." Within the XVIII Airborne Corps (the group
Primary Myelofibrosis Brazilian Patient Journey: From Initial Symptoms To Treatment
Authors: Monika Conchon, Renato S Tavares, Katia B. Pagnano, Tarcila S Datoguia, Israel Bendit, Marcia Torresan Delamain, Irene Lorand-Metze, Danielle Leão, Jose Salvador Rodrigues
Journal: Blood (2013)
Paradoxes and misconceptions in leprosy
Authors: H. L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One of the oldest generalizations about leprosy, and one of the few which has not been generally accepted as fallacious, is the hoary cliche which says that its origin is "lost in the mists of antiquity." What disease's origin isn't? And how old is antiquity? At any rate, the fact is that no descriptions of anything like leprosy can be found before the fifth or sixth century before Christ, around which time the Susruta Samhita described leprosy in India and Suwen described it in China. Herodotus and Plutarch thought it was described in Persia at about this time, as well. <h3>Biblical "Leprosy" Was Not Leprosy.—</h3> Everyone knows, of course, that leprosy is mentioned frequently and in considerable detail in the Bible. It is, indeed. The detail is sufficient to suggest strongly that the disease or diseases so named in the Bible were not leprosy at all. In fact, there is
Anal melanoma: A comparative comprehensive genomic profiling study.
Authors: Jeffrey S. Ross, Russell Madison, Julia Andrea Elvin, Jo-Anne Vergilio, Jonathan Keith Killian, Nhu Ngo, Douglas I. Lin, Shakti Ramkissoon, Eric Allan Severson, Amanda Hemmerich, Claire I. Edgerly, Daniel Duncan, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Alexa Betzig Schrock, Jon Chung, Prasanth Reddy, Kimberly McGregor, Brian Alexander, Adham Adel Jurdi, Vincent A. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

9566 Background: We performed a comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) study of AM and CM to learn of potential genomic alterations (GA) linked to targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapies. Methods: 90 AM and 1804 CM FFPE tissues from late stage underwent hybrid-capture based CGP to evaluate all classes of genomic alterations (GA). Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on up to 1.1 Mbp of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined on 114 loci. PD-L1 expression was determined by IHC. Results: AM and CM had a similar age, but AM females and CM males were significantly more common (P &lt; 0.0001). GA/tumor was significantly higher in CM (UV light exposure) as were the median TMB and frequency of TMB ≥ 10 and 20 mutations/Mb (P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons). PD-L1 expression was higher in AM than CM (P = 0.0023). AM and CM were all MS-stable. The contrast in S FB1 mutations in AM and TERT GA in CM were significant (P &lt; 0.0001). Of potentially targetable GA, AM featured significantly more KIT GA than CM (P &lt; 0.0001), whereas CM featured significantly more BRAF GA (P &lt; 0.0001). Only 11% of AM BRAF GA were V600E whereas 74% of CM BRAF GA were V600E (P &lt; 0.0001). MTOR pathway GA were common in both tumor types. Additional potentially targetable alterations in PDGFRA and ERBB2 kinases were seen in AM but not in CM. Conclusions: CM is distinct from AM featuring higher GA/tumor, higher TMB and frequent BRAF V600E GA that predict benefit from ICPI and anti-BRAF therapies. Although both AM and CM feature MTOR pathway targets, AM does have higher PD-L1 expression than CM and is characterized by an array of potentially targetable kinase genes including KIT, PDGFRA, ERBB2 and to a lesser extent than CM, BRAF.[Table: see text]
Inactivation of kupffer cells after prolonged donor fasting improves viability of transplanted hepatic allografts
Authors: H SANKARY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Data from recent studies suggest that donor fasting imparts a beneficial effect on the viability of transplanted hepatic allografts. Because starvation may temporarily inactivate Kupffer cells, and because these cells are the likely mediators of liver injury after prolonged preservation-reperfusion, the purpose of this study is to establish a link between improved organ viability and Kupffer cell inactivation caused by donor allograft fasting. In an in vivo rat liver transplant model, 48 hours of donor fasting (1) improved allograft viability, (2) significantly decreased Kupffer cell phagocytosis, and (3) significantly decreased cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) production postrevascularization. These data validate work from previous studies demonstrating that donor fasting improves allograft viability and furthermore support our previous research implicating activation of Kupffer cells as a causative agent of cold ischemia-preservation injury.
Unanticipated hospital admissions in patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy: Incidence and predictive factors.
Authors: Nabeel H. Arastu, Ronald C. Chen, Marianne Jackson, Rebecca L. Green, Bahjat F. Qaqish, Zijie S. Xu, Jayne Camporeale, Frances A. Collichio, Lawrence Bruce Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

114 Background: Unanticipated admissions are burdensome for patients and the healthcare system. An improved understanding of their frequency and predictive factors can inform initiatives to prevent such admissions and mitigate their associated human and financial costs. Methods: Electronic medical records of all patients (n=1144) undergoing external beam radiotherapy (RT) at our center in 2010 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Unanticipated admission within 90 days of initiating RT, and associated clinical factors, were recorded. Chi-squared and uni- and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with admission. Results: Unanticipated admissions occurred in 19% (213/1144) of patients, median length of stay was 3 days (range 1-22), and the mean interval between the start of RT till admission was 28 days (1-89 days). The most common indications for admissions were pain (19% of admissions), GI toxicity (18%), and respiratory distress (15%). On univariate analysis, admission rates were higher in patients treated with palliative vs. curative intent (30% vs. 14%, p&lt;0.001), with concurrent chemotherapy (23% vs. 18% RT alone, p=0.047), in those who had a recent admission prior to RT initiation (37% vs. 14% with no prior admission, p&lt;0.001), and patients on their second or third course of RT (27% vs. 16% first treatment course, p&lt;0.001). Multivariable analysis showed treatment intent, chemotherapy, and prior admissions to be associated with unplanned admissions (Table). Conclusions: Rates of unanticipated admissions are ≈20% in patients undergoing RT. Slightly less than 1/3 of patients receiving palliative RT, and nearly 1/4 receiving concurrent chemoradiation, experienced an unplanned admission. Prophylactic measures should be studied in these high-risk patients to reduce admission rates, as unplanned admission may be an important quality of care indicator in oncology. [Table: see text]
Carboxyhemoglobin Levels
Authors: Alfred Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article states that 45% of all nonsmoking blood donors tested had COHb saturations above 1.5%. This level is equated by the authors with the Clean Air Act CO standard of exposure to 9 ppm for an eight-hour period. They indicate that in St. Louis 35% of this group had COHb levels above 1.5%. Our data for the St. Louis region for 10,157 nonsmoking, healthy blood donors showed 15.3% having levels above 1.5%.<sup>1</sup>This difference is important, particularly since considerable comment has been made in the media as to the continued seriousness of the ambient CO problem in American cities. Both of our findings show that smoking and industrial work place are the major sources of COHb above endogenous production in the population. Of our nonsmoking industrial worker sample, 34% had levels above 1.5% COHb, while only 12% of the remainder of our nonsmoker sample levels
Chromosomal Abnormalities in Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph)-Negative Metaphases Appearing during Imatinib Mesylate (IM) Therapy in Patients (pts) with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Chronic Phase.
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Susan O’Brien, Srdan Verstovsek, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Mary Beth Rios, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2005)
Urinary incontinence in elderly patients
Authors: C. A. Reyes-Ortiz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We share Dr Herbert's concern regarding the safety of using 200 μg of selenium in a high-selenium brewer's yeast and have been concerned about documenting both adverse and beneficial health effects of selenium supplementation, especially those that could only be identified in a doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. The choice of a nutritional dose diminished the safety issues in the trial and was based on the upper limit of the US Estimated Safe and Adequate Intake of selenium.<sup>1</sup> The trial's Safety Monitoring Committee reviewed the incidence of patient-reported disease and did not identify any significant adverse health events associated with selenium supplementation. The trial eligibility criteria excluded patients with active liver and kidney disease; however, we have not identified any additional groups of patients in the trial who were at particular risk of adverse health events. For safety reasons, pregnant women were also excluded from active participation. While there may be
Cytokine-induced airway epithelial ICAM-1 upregulation: quantification by high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: J. Zhu, A.V. Rogers, A Burke-Gaffney, P.g Hellewell, P.k Jeffery
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology characterized by the formation of non-necrotizing granulomas. The course of disease is usually self-limiting with the spontaneous resolution of granuloma. In the immune system, Fas antigen (Fas) and Fas ligand (FasL) are involved in the down regulation of immune reactions by inducing apoptosis. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the Fas/FasL pathway and apoptosis may be associated with the course of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin nick end-labelling (TUNEL) was performed to assess deoxyribonucleic acid strand breakages as a characteristic of apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to detect Fas and FasL protein, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT in situ PCR to detect FasL messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). Positive signals for TUNEL were detected in epithelioid histiocytes and lymphocytes within granulomas and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis. Positive signals for Fas were also detected in these cells. FasL mRNA was expressed in BAL lymphocytes from 15 of 20 patients with sarcoidosis, but from only one of 10 patients with normal lung parenchyma. FasL protein was expressed in lymphocytes surrounding and within the granuloma. There was a significant correlation between the result of TUNEL and clinical course in patients with sarcoidosis. Apoptosis in epithelioid histiocytes and inflammatory cells seems to participate in the course of granulomatous inflammation. Further studies are needed to determine the role of Fas, FasL and other regulatory factors in apoptosis in the granulomatous inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Match March
Authors: Morrison Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The incidents and situations related by Golden in "Match March" make one thoroughly ashamed of his fellow physicians. The dishonesty illustrated by the behavior of program directors who demand commitments before matching and by the NRMP official who "advised students to lie when in doubt" is reprehensible. An important problem in medicine is the greed and dishonesty of some physicians. One is aware of this problem who has served on mediation and ethics committees of medical societies. Efforts are made to avoid admitting dishonest persons to medical school. The Admissions Committee at the Medical College of Wisconsin regards honesty as the most important characteristic an applicant must have exhibited—more important than grades and Medical College Admissions Test scores—and it regards evidence of dishonesty as the prime reason for rejecting an applicant. It is hypocritical, to say the least, if students are encouraged to make arrangements for residencies
Methods for the Analysis of Intestinal Function
Authors: Carol T. Walsh, Ruth R. Levine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The intestinal tract, an organ of considerable complexity, requires application of numerous techniques for analysis of its physiology and perturbations by toxicologic agents. This review describes the methodology of importance in analysis of the absorptive function of the intestine and the transit of intestinal contents. Methods for studying absorption are categorized according to the technique for administering the test substance such as inclusion in the diet or by gastric and intestinal placement and the method of quantitating the degree of absorption such as determining the appearance of a test substance in systemic fluids or its disappearance from its site of administration in the intestine. In vitro techniques which have no in vivo analogs, such as the use of the everted sac, are briefly described and their limitations emphasized. Procedures of importance in the clinical diagnosis of malabsorption or in the experimental analysis of absorptive function in man are included and distinguished from techniques used in animal models. In addition, methods for studying aspects of gastrointestinal motility, including the use of luminal markers and analysis of the contractile and electrical activity of intestinal smooth muscle, are reviewed.
DGAT1-dependent triacylglycerol storage by macrophages protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation
Authors: Suneil K. Koliwad, Ryan S. Streeper, Mara Monetti, Ivo Cornelissen, Liana Chan, Koji Terayama, Stephen Naylor, Meghana Rao, Brian Hubbard, Robert V. Farese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)
Selling Surgery
Authors: Curtis E. Margo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Advertising in medicine has become a reality. Although some medical observers may consider increased advertising an encouraging sign of competition, the marketing of health care cannot legitimately be equated with the marketing of other services. Historically, the relation between advertising and the protection of consumers has been in part an adversarial one. Legal constraints designed to prevent deception have been needed to protect the public for most of this century. Protection may be even more necessary now that consumers are selecting health care on the basis of information supplied by the advertising industry. There is little doubt that sophisticated advertising . . .
Erwinia Infection From Environmental Sources
Authors: Alexander von Graevenitz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent findings of intravenous fluid contamination with<i>Erwinia</i>organisms has focused attention on these bacteria. At Yale-New Haven Hospital,<i>Erwinia</i>strains were isolated from blood cultures in 1966, 1969, and 1970. The three patients, two males and one female, were 17 (patients 1 and 2) and 28 (patient 3) years old, and had been admitted for reasons other than septicemia, as follows: transverse arrest (patient 1), diabetic ketoacidosis (patient 2), and injuries from a motorcycle accident (patient 3). Within 12 hours after admission, the first two patients experienced chills, tachycardia, and temperatures which rose rapidly to 102 to 103 F. The third patient had two temperature spikes to 105 F on two successive days. All had been given fluids intravenously (without catheter) prior to the temperature spikes, and all were treated promptly with antibiotics, as follows: patient 1 with streptomycin and penicillin, patient 2 with cephalothin,