tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smallpox Studies
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

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SAT0004 Is the association sjÖgren’syndrome-spondylarthropathy fortuitous?
Authors: C Scotto di Fazano, E Quennesson, S Quennesson, RM Grilo, D Couaral, P Vergne, C Bonnet, P Bertin, R Treves
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Secondary Sjögren’s syndrome is known to occur with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, but apart from a few cases, has not been reported with spondylarthropathy (SpA). <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of Sjögren’s syndrome in spondylarthropathy patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with SpA (n = 62) with inflammatory back pain and/or peripheral arthritis were diagnosed as Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), undifferentiated SpA (uSpA), psoriatic Arthritis (PA), and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The investigation of sicca symptoms in the group SPD and healthy controls (n = 102) was based on a valited questionnaire. Patients with SpA with sicca symptomes and/or positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were investigated for Sjögren’s syndrome by minor salivary gland biopsy. In the spondylarthropathy group, the laboratory variables were: HLA B27, HLA DR, DQ, anti ENA, serology CMV, EBV, HIV, hepatitis B, C. <h3>Results</h3> In 17/62 SpA patients (11 uSpA,5 AS,1 PA,17 females,1 male) Sjögren’s syndrome diagnosis by the european criteria indicated a frequency of 27,4%. Of 62 SpA,12 were ANA positive (19,3%), of whom 5 had Sjögren’s syndrome. ANA were detected in 8/17(47%) patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Of 62 SpA,20 had sicca symptoms (32,2%), compared to 3 of 102(2,9%) controls. HLA B27 is positive in 12/17 patients (70,5%). The results of HLA DR, DQ seems to show an high frequency of HLA DR4, and DQ3 in the association group but the results are not significative. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The frequency of Sjögren’s syndrome is 27,4%in the spondylartropathy group, thus more than in controls. Thus, the association seems to be not fortuitous. And it’s interesting to see more females in a group with more undifferentiated spondylarthropathy: 16/17 are females.
Immune System as a Target Organ for Toxicity
Authors: Peter H. Bick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Recently, interest has centered on the immune system as a target organ for toxic effects. This seems a reasonable choice, since it can be argued that alterations induced in this system as a result of a toxic insult could lead to impaired immunity. Such an alteration may be manifest in altered disease susceptibility. Documenting toxic effects upon the immune system is a difficult task due to the multifaceted network of specialized cells that carry out immune functions. Because of this complexity, it is necessary to develop a panel of immunologic assays to adequately cover the diverse functions that may be affected by a toxic substance. In the interest of efficiency and cost, it is preferable to organize the assay systems into a tier structure to generate the most information in the shortest time. An overview of the immune system is presented, an an example of one possible tier system of assays is described.
Errors in Results, Table, and Figure
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Marcello Tonelli, MD, SM, MSc; Natasha Wiebe, MMath, PStat; Braden J. Manns, MD, MSc; Scott W. Klarenbach, MD, MSc; Matthew T. James, MD, PhD; Pietro Ravani, MD, PhD; Neesh Pannu, MD, SM; Jonathan Himmelfarb, MD; Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, MD, PhD
Surgery
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Advances, as with beauty, are in the eyes of the beholder. When is a scientific advance truly an advance? Is it when a new technique is discovered? It is yet to be tested. Is it when the results of animal experiments become exciting? They may not apply to man. Is it after the first few clinical trials? They may not last. Is it when we have clinically established something as being useful for patients? Yes, that seems to be an advance. But only time will determine whether it is a permanent advance or a temporary interest. Two new techniques to locate disease during abdominal operations have been thoroughly evaluated and can be recommended for consideration by all surgeons. Special ultrasound transducers have been used effectively to delineate liver pathology during surgical exploration and thereby determine the best course of therapy.<sup>1,2</sup>For example, the depth of a tumor can be
Foreword
Authors: Peter Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Yes, this is an issue of Endoscopy you are holding in your hands! We have a whole new design, both inside and out. As you can see from the cover, our editorial team, besides their dedication to the world of endoscopy, have also proven themselves to be masters of the paintbrush. Enjoy a new work of art from this creative team in each issue of the journal in 2017.
Rejuvenation in Older Adults Receiving Oral Ghrelin
Authors: Jim Webster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters5 May 2009Rejuvenation in Older Adults Receiving Oral GhrelinJim Webster, MD, MSJim Webster, MD, MSFrom Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The study by Nass and colleagues (1) elegantly reinforces the prevalent health strategy first proposed by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1513 (2): Simply find the magic fountain, or the right pill, and perpetual youth and perhaps even immortality will be yours, without breaking a sweat, and oh, don't worry about the cost. A contrasting approach would cite the impressive data confirming the benefits of lifestyle changes, especially exercise, in preventing and reversing frailty (3), which as a bonus reduces obesity, prevents falls, and may even improve mental status. All this without decreasing insulin sensitivity or other ...References1. Nass R, Pezzoli SS, Oliveri MC, Patrie JT, Harrell FE, Clasey JL, et al. Effects of an oral ghrelin mimetic on body composition and clinical outcomes in healthy older adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:601-11. [PMID: 18981485] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Olschki L. Ponce de Leon's fountain of youth: History of a geographical myth. Hispanic American Historical Review. 1941;26:361-85. Google Scholar3. Hall WJ. Centenarians: metaphor becomes reality [Editorial]. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:262-3. [PMID: 18268165] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jim Webster, MD, MSAffiliations: From Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffects of an Oral Ghrelin Mimetic on Body Composition and Clinical Outcomes in Healthy Older Adults Ralf Nass , Suzan S. Pezzoli , Mary Clancy Oliveri , James T. Patrie , Frank E. Harrell Jr. , Jody L. Clasey , Steven B. Heymsfield , Mark A. Bach , Mary Lee Vance , and Michael O. Thorner Rejuvenation in Older Adults Receiving Oral Ghrelin Ralf M. Nass , Mary Lee Vance , and Michael O. Thorner Rejuvenation in Older Adults Receiving Oral Ghrelin Hernando Rafael Rejuvenation in Older Adults Receiving Oral Ghrelin Markus Gaugg Metrics 5 May 2009Volume 150, Issue 9Page: 654-655KeywordsDietElderlyExerciseFallsForecastingFrailtyGhrelinInsulin resistanceObesitySweat ePublished: 5 May 2009 Issue Published: 5 May 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Editorial Board
Authors: Burton Zweiman, Pa Associate, Paul Atkins, Thomas Casale, Iowa City, Leslie Grammer, Donald Hoffman, Robert Lemanske, Diana Marquardt, San Diego, Stephen Peters, Gary Rachelefsky, Los Angeles, Daniel Stechschulte, Kansas City, Stanley Szefler, Jean Bousquet, Martin Chapman, Donald Cockcroft, Stephen Holgate, Southampton England, Manuel Lopez, New Orleans
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)
PTU-132 Increased duodenal intra epithelial lymphocytes (IELS) are associated with recurrent abdominal pain and parasite infection but not<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>in a paediatric Chilean cohort
Authors: M M Walker, G S Rakhra, A Villagran, P R Harri, J E Crabtree
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Functional Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) is a paediatric functional gastrointestinal disorder with poorly investigated pathophysiology. Proposed aetiology varies and the diagnosis is characterised by Rome III criteria. Some studies consider <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> to be a cause of RAP, while others disagree. The aim of this study was to investigate upper gastrointestinal pathology in a cohort of 123 children in Chile with respect to RAP, <i>H pylori</i> infection and other concurrent infection. <h3>Methods</h3> This blinded retrospective and IRB-approved study analysed biopsies taken from the gastric antrum and body and the duodenum in 123 Chilean children referred to endoscopy (with informed parental consent). Histopathology was evaluated against a clinical database which included symptoms, symptom duration and endoscopy findings. Rome III criteria were used to assign RAP to the relevant cases. All patients had stool microbiology and parasitology. <i>H pylori</i> infection was assessed by serology and histology. In the duodenum, routine histopathology and also eosinophil counts (in 5HPF ×40 magnification), were performed by microscopy. IELs/100 enterocytes were counted. Independently those patients with IELs &gt;25 had serology performed for coeliac disease. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 105 patients were diagnosed with RAP and 12 patients were able to act as controls, having no symptoms of RAP or concurrent infection. The Rome III diagnosis of RAP was significantly associated with higher IEL counts (&gt;20 in 74 patients) compared to controls (p=0.04). Furthermore, a higher IEL count was also positively associated with parasitic infection (nine with parasites) (p=0.02). Of 16 patients with lymphocytic duodenosis, (&gt;25 IELs per 100 enterocytes) only three were infected by <i>H pylori</i>. One had coeliac disease with positive serology. Antral nodularity was observed in association with lymphoid follicles (p≤0.01) and <i>H pylori</i> infection (p&lt;0.01). 28% in this cohort were positive for <i>H pylori</i> but infection was not significantly associated with RAP (p=0.55) or parasite infection, as concurrent infection was present in only 2 patients (p=0.24). <h3>Conclusion</h3> From this study, low grade inflammation, manifest by increased IELs, may be associated with RAP and also parasitic infection. <i>H pylori</i> is not associated with parasite infection. However, as eosinophilia was not significantly associated with the condition further investigation is required to elucidate the potential involvement of innate immunity, including mast cells. Furthermore, there is no association between <i>H pylori</i> infection and RAP. Funded by EU CONTENT Project (INCO-CT-2006-032136), CONICYT/BM (RUE #29) and Fondecyt #1100654 (Chile). <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Allergy abstracts
Authors: David Stein, Harold Friedman, Ohio Monroe, Coleman Stamford, Walzer Bridgeport, Conn Sheldon Berger Freehold, N Cleveland, Bert Kahn, Tex Andre, J Codispoti, Suffern Robert, Y Lin, New York, N Christopher, Randolph Waterbury
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1987)
Repository Therapy
Authors: Howard B. Appelman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The purpose of my discussion was to apprise the clinician of two untoward reactions to emulsion therapy which had not previously been reported. It was my desire to have it published inThe Journalrather than in a specialty journal, so as to reach the most readers. Case histories and discussion were kept to a minimum by request of the editors, but there was no necessity for further elaboration. In each of the cases, the emulsion injections had been administered by very competent, reputable, and respected allergists, who granted me express permission to report the reactions. Since abscesses have been and still are being reported by others,<sup>1</sup>no further comment need be made. So far as case 2 is concerned, the question raised by Grolnick et al<sup>2</sup>is relevant: "Can the adjuvant in loose complex with the antigen combine with connective tissue at the injected
Quality of cancer family history and referral for genetic counseling and testing among oncology practices: A pilot test of quality measures as part of the ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI).
Authors: Marie Wood, Pamela Kadlubek, Karen H. Lu, Dana Wollins, Jeffrey N. Weitzel, Michael N. Neuss, Kevin S. Hughes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

CRA1505 Background: The cancer family history (CFH) is an important tool for identification of individuals for genetic counseling/testing (GC/GT). Prior studies demonstrate a low rate of family history documentation and low referral rates for genetic counseling and genetic testing. Methods: In 2011ASCO began pilot testing new measures in QOPI to evaluate the practice of family history taking and referral for genetic counseling/testing in patients with either breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer (CRC). The measures assessed the presence or absence of CFH in 1 st /2 nd degree relatives, age at cancer diagnosis, referral for GC/GT and outcomes of referral. Results: Between September and October 2011 272 practices pilot tested these measures and reported on 10,466 patients (BC 6569, CRC 3897). 77.4% of all charts reviewed documented presence or absence of CFH in 1 st degree relatives (BC 81.2% (CI 80-82%), CRC 77.4% (CI 76-79%), p= &lt;0.001) and 61.5% of charts documented presence or absence of CFH in 2 nd degree relatives (BC 68.9% (CI 68-70%), CRC 57.3% (CI 56-59%) p=&lt;0.001). Age at diagnosis was documented for all relatives with cancer in 30.7% of charts (BC 45.2% (CI 44-47%), CRC 35.4% (CI 34-37%) p=&lt;0.001). Patients were referred for GC/GT in 22.1% of all charts reviewed (BC 29.1% (CI 28-30%), CRC 19.6% (CI, 18-21%) p=&lt;0.001). Of patients with hereditary risk (defined by selected risk guidelines) 52.2% of BC and 26.4% CRC were referred for GC/GT. When genetic testing was performed by the practice consent was documented 77.7% of the time and discussion of results was documented 78.8% of the time. Conclusions: Appropriate referral for GC/GT requires a complete and accurate CFH. In this pilot testing of QOPI measures we identified a higher quality of CFH information than expected though with room for improvement. Significant differences were seen between BC and CRC charts with greater accuracy of CFH and higher referral rates among BC patients. To obtain improvement in the identification and management of patients at high risk, significant improvements are needed. Education is part of the answer.
Successful treatment of hepatic hemangioma with corticosteroids
Authors: S. J. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Corticosteroids were successfully employed to treat a patient with a large hepatic hemangioma which produced congestive cardiac failure. To our knowledge, this is the fifth reported case in which a patient with this condition survived and the first in which corticosteroids were employed. Corticosteroids should be considered as the major form of therapy for hepatic hemangiomas producing congestive heart failure because of the rapid effect on the hemangioma and the relative safety associated with their use.
Assessment of the Mutagenicity of Phthalate Esters
Authors: Walter J. Kozumbo, Rosanna Kroll, Robert J. Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The Ames assay was used to investigate the mutagenicity of several phthalate esters as an approximation of their carcinogenic potential. The ortho diesters, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) produced a positive dose-related mutagenic response with Salmonella TA100, but only in the absence of S-9 liver enzymes. Dibutyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), mono(2-ethylhexyl), and butyl benzyl phthalate as well as the dimethyl isophthalate and terephthalates and the trimethyl ester, trimellitate, were not mutagenic with TA100 or TA98 in the presence or absence of S-9. In a host-mediated assay, extracts of 24-hr urines of rats injected IP with DMP (2 g/kg) were not mutagenic to TA100 at levels up to 8 equivalent-ml of urine/plate (representing 30% of their daily urinary output). In vitro studies revealed that S-9 associated esterase hydrolyzed DMP to the monoester and methanol and eliminated its mutagenicity. Whole rat skin was shown to have about 1.5% of the DMP-esterase activity of liver, when compared on a wet weight basis. An in vitro binding study indicated that epidermal macromolecules bound DMP at a severalfold greater rate than hepatic macromolecules. Thus, both the mutagenicity and binding of DMP are inversely related to the metabolism of this compound. These results suggest that skin could be at high risk for a mutagenic/carcinogenic insult.
Investigating thrombocytosis
Authors: Abhinav Mathur, Shehan Samaranayake, Neill PF Storrar, Mark A Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2019)

### What you need to know A 47 year old woman presents to her general practitioner complaining of feeling tired all the time. She is an ex-smoker and has a history of irritable bowel syndrome. Examination is normal. A full blood count is normal except for a platelet count of 725×109/L. Thrombocytosis is defined as a platelet count elevated more than two standard deviations above the population mean, typically >400-450×109/L, and therefore includes 2.3% of the population.1 Reference ranges usually do not account for variation in platelet counts dependent on age, sex, and ethnicity,23 such that the upper limits of normal should be lower in older individuals and men.4 Approximately 25% of the UK adult population attending primary care will have a full blood count (FBC) in any one year.5 Thrombocytosis is a common incidental finding in 1.5% to 2.2% of the population aged >40 consulting primary care.6 The differential diagnosis for thrombocytosis is broad (table) and the diagnostic process can be challenging.7 Rarely, non-platelet structures in peripheral blood can be erroneously counted as "platelets" in automated FBC counters, leading to a spurious thrombocytosis.8 The two main classes of genuine thrombocytosis are secondary or reactive causes and primary or clonal causes (ie, haematological neoplasms) (box 1). In one cohort study of 732 people with an elevated platelet count, the thrombocytosis in 80-90% of patients was reactive to an underlying inflammatory cause.9 View this table: Causes of thrombocytosis Box 1 ### DefinitionsRETURN TO TEXT
Abstract P308: γ-Glutamyltransferase and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease: EPOCH-JAPAN
Authors: Yuanying Li, Hiroyasu Iso, Renze Cui, Shinya Nagasawa, Yoshitaka Murakami, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Tomonori Okamura
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Recently, γ-Glutamyltransferase (γ-GTP) has been positively associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially among non-drinkers. But the evidence is limited in Asian populations. The present study investigated the association between γ-GTP with mortality from ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese men and women, and further in non-drinkers. Methods: A total of 41,040 Japanese (men/women: 15,987/25,053) aged 40-79 years with no self-reported history of CVD at baseline from the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention from Observational Cohorts in Japan (EPOCH-JAPAN) which is a pooled analysis comprising 13 well-qualified Japanese cohorts for examining the relationship between health examination measures and CVD mortality. Sex-specific hazard ratios(HRs) and their 95% confident intervals(CIs) of CVD mortality for one-standardized deviation increment of log-transformed γ-GTP were calculated by Cox hazard models, adjusting for age (continuous), smoking status (never, past, 1–20/day and ≥21/day), drinking status (never, past and current), and sex-specific quintiles of body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in multivariable model. Results: During an average 8.7-year follow-up, there were 314 (146 men and 168 women) deaths from stroke, 154 (101men and 53 women) deaths from coronary heart disease, and 701 (361 men and 340 women) deaths from total CVD. A significant association was found in the multivariable model between γ-GTP and mortality form stroke and total CVD in men, and mortality from coronary heart disease and total CVD in women. The respective multivariable HRs (95% CI) were 1.36 (1.13–1.65) and 1.17 (1.03–1.33) in men, and 1.76 (1.36–2.28) and 1.33 (1.19–1.49) in women. Because the proportion of current drinkers was 73% in men and 29% in women, we further examined the associations in non-drinkers. The respective multivariable HRs (95% CI) were 1.58 (1.08–2.31) and 1.42 (1.13–1.80) in male non-drinkers and 1.72 (1.28–2.33) and 1.32 (1.16–1.51) in female non-drinkers. Conclusions: γ-GTP was positively associated with CVD mortality in both Japanese men and women, specifically in non-drinkers.
Therapeutic Abortion
Authors: Phyllis Bailey Thurstone
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The first annual report after enactment of the new liberalized abortion law in California shows that a total of 91% of the 4,291 applicants for therapeutic abortion were approved; a total of 3,775 therapeutic abortions were performed. The overall incidence of therapeutic abortions to live births was 11.2:1,000. Psychiatric indications accounted for 86% of the abortions performed. An analysis of the experience at San Mateo County General Hospital is presented to review indications, methods, and complications.