tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental Pancreatitis
Authors: V Vojtísek, B Kasalicky, A Haasová, V Puchta, V Jelínek, E Sebela
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discriminant function probability model for predicting survival in burned patients
Authors: J. A. McCoy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Statistical data on 570 burn patients treated on the Plastic Surgery Service at the University of Texas Medical Branch were subjected to a multi-discriminant function analysis. After screening several items of information, the variables selected for study were age, extent of burn, and sex. The results were used to construct a "probability model" to predict the chance of survival in a simplified form which can easily be used by medical and trained paramedical personnel. This method offers a rapid and adequately accurate method for determining the probability of survival when the age, sex, and extent of burn are known in an individual patient.
<i>QuickStats</i>: Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Drug Overdose,† by Race/Ethnicity — National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2015–2016
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

TotalWhite, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic Deaths per 100,000 population Race/Ethnicity 2015 2016 * Deaths per 100,000 population age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population.† As underlying cause of death, drug overdose (including accidental, intentional, assault, and undetermined intent) was identified with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes X40-X44, X60-X64, X85, Y10-Y14.The number of drug overdose deaths was 52,404 in 2015 and 63,632 in 2016.During 2015-2016, the age-adjusted death rates from drug overdose for the total population increased from 16.3 per 100,000 standard population to 19.8 (21.5%).The rate increased from 21.1 to 25.3 (19.9%) for non-Hispanic whites, from 12.2 to 17.1 (40.2%) for non-Hispanic blacks, and from 7.7 to 9.5 (23.4%) for Hispanics.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in urban Rwanda. Demographic and behavioral correlates in a representative sample of childbearing women
Authors: S. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine behavioral and demographic risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in central Africa. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Kigali, Rwanda. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A representative sample of 1458 childbearing women aged 19 to 37 years who were recruited from outpatient prenatal and pediatric clinics at the only community hospital in the city. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Antibodies to HIV assessed by enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence. <h3>Results.</h3> —The HIV seroprevalence was 32% overall. Infection rates were higher in women who were single, in those in steady relationships that began after 1981, and in the 33% of women reporting more than one lifetime sexual partner. Women in legal marriages or monogamous partnerships had lower rates of infection, but even low-risk women had prevalences on the order of 20%. History of venereal disease in the past 5 years, although the strongest risk factor in a multiple logistic analysis (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 3.7), was reported by only 30% of those infected. Having a male sexual partner who drank alcohol or who had higher income were significant risk factors for HIV infection in the multivariate analysis, but use of oral contraceptives and having an uncircumcised partner were not. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Rwanda has spread beyond high-risk groups to the general population of women without known risk factors. For most of these women, a steady male partner is the source of their HIV risk and therefore a vital target for intervention efforts. (JAMA. 1991;266:1657-1663)
Safety and effectiveness of dose dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II/III breast cancer
Authors: S. Koya, Y. Li, S. A. McDaniel, A. F. LoBuglio, H. Krontiras, J. Carpenter, L. Nabell, K. Bland, C. Falkson, A. Forero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e11566 Background: NSABP B-18 randomized women with operable breast cancer to receive chemotherapy (AC) either pre- or postoperatively; in the study there was no significant difference in disease free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) among patients in either group. Pathologic complete response rate (pCR) was directly proportional to DFS and OS. Dose dense adjuvant chemotherapy (ATC) has shown a statistically significant improvement in DFS and OS. Methods: We performed a single institution review of pts enrolled in a neoadjuvant trial and who received dose dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 IV Q2wks x4, paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 IV Q2wks x4, and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 IV Q2wks x4) to assess response rates, safety, and DFS. Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, T ≥ 3cm, any N, M0 were enrolled. Results: Since 02/2003, 43 pts were enrolled (mean age 47.6, range 28–64) and received dose dense chemotherapy. 41.4% of the pts were triple negative and 14.6% were Her2+ by FISH or IHC. The median follow-up is 49 months (range 8–69). Two patients dropped out without finishing therapy. Forty one pts completed dose dense chemotherapy and proceeded to surgery. 17 pts (41.4%) achieved a pCR in the breast and of those 14 pts were also negative in the axillary lymph nodes (34.1% pCR in the breast and lymph nodes). 10 of the 17 pts with pCR in the breast (8 out of the 14 pts with pCR in breast and axillary lymph nodes) were triple negative. 18 pts (43.9%) achieved PR, 3 pts (7.31%) had SD and 3 pts (7.31%) had PD. Up to November 2008, 7 pts who did not have a pCR have relapsed (4 triple negative, 1 Her2+, 1 ER/PR positive and 1 ER negative, PR positive) with a relapsed free survival rate of 85%. Hematologic toxicity consisted of grade 3 anemia in 2 patients with no grade 4 anemia, no G4 thrombocytopenia and febrile neutropenia in 2 pts. Non-hematologic grade 3 or 4 toxicity consisted of mediport thrombosis in 2 pts, hyperglycemia in 2 pts, syncope in 1 pt, neuropathy in 1 pt, and varicella zoster in 1 pt. Conclusions: Our results show that dose dense neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieves a pCR (breast + node) in about 1/3 of patients (34%) with tolerable toxicity; although the number of patients is limited, our data suggest that triple negative breast cancer seems to be the most sensitive tumor to this regimen. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Saint
Authors: C. L. Frost
Journal: JAMA (1987)

After four months, Christine had become a fixture in our hospital—a frail, stooped figure who appeared punctually, at 9 o'clock each morning, on the neurological ward. She was only 35, but misfortune had already given her a world-weary, haggard look. The faded jeans sagging around her wasted thighs, the scuffed gray sneakers covering her dragging feet, and her deep-set eyes put one in mind of an orphan. Beneath her limp black hair, her features at times assumed an imperturbably ascetic appearance and, at other times, the careworn look of someone who longed only for reprieve. "And how is Father today?" she'd ask, in a thin but hopeful voice. Always, the answer was the same—silence. Father hadn't changed, could never change. Everyone knew that he could never get better. "I've brought some food for him," she'd say, glancing toward the door of room 409. "A thermos of hot chicken broth, some
Mandatory National Health Service
Authors: William F. Sheeley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Saying that "Health care reform is now a national priority," Dr Johns<sup>1</sup>points to a few of the myriad personnel, organizations, monies, and so on that must be inducted, articulated, and bossed to turn today's laissez-faire into tomorrow's regimentation. He expects government to dominate this metamorphosis and beyond. Government will assign, bankroll, mete, appraise, and dispose the physician from freshman gross anatomy class to retirement. To anticipate the impacts of such a medicine program, I look at the variegated programs outside medicine that are run or dominated by federal, state, or local government. It is easy to conjure up a res publica with metaphoric legs and genitals beleaguered by elephantiasis—the inevitable end point of burgeoning infestation by parasitic government and its protégés. Our heavy-legged nation already drags, staggers, and stumbles under the weight of current infestations. Must it now bear yet another plethora of parasites—which just
AIDS investigators identify second retrovirus
Authors: J. Maurice
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A team of French researchers and clinicians has discovered a human retrovirus that may, they think, be linked to the etiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus is similar but quite distinct, the investigators now believe, from the first human retrovirus to be discovered, the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). HTLV was initially described three years ago by Robert Gallo, MD, of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md, and is now thought possibly to be causally associated with AIDS. A retrovirus is an RNA virus containing the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which enables the virus to transcribe its single strand of RNA into double-stranded DNA that can then integrate into the host cell's genome. The "French" retrovirus has so far been detected in four of six patients with a multiple lymphadenopathy syndrome, believed to be a possible prodrome of AIDS, and has therefore been named "lymphadenopathy virus" (LAV)
Symbols used in the Table of Contents
Authors: Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Shizuo Akira, Margaret Kelly, Richard Leigh, Lata Jayaram, Charlie Goldsmith, Krishnan Parameswaran, Frederick Hargreave, Michael Schatz, Robert Zeiger, William Vollmer, David Mosen, Andrea Apter, Thomas Stibolt, Albin Leong, Michael Johnson, Guillermo Mendoza, E Cook, San Diego
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Sweet Treatment
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The DISCO app: A pilot test of an electronic patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer through improved cost communication.
Authors: Lauren M. Hamel, David W. Dougherty, Theresa A. Hastert, Erlene Kuizon Seymour, Seongho Kim, Hadeel Assad, Jasminder Phalore, Susan Eggly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24197 Background: Financial toxicity, the burden of treatment cost, affects 30-50% of people with cancer in the United States. Although experts recommend patients and oncologists discuss treatment cost to identify patients who need assistance, cost discussions occur in fewer than half of cancer treatment discussions. We pilot-tested the feasibility and efficacy of the Discussions of Cost (DISCO) App, a patient communication intervention designed to improve cost discussions and other financial toxicity-related outcomes during and following oncology treatment consultations. The DISCO App provides an individualized list of cost-related questions patients can ask their oncologist, specific to a patient’s economic situation. Methods: While waiting to see their oncologist, newly diagnosed patients with breast or lung cancer (n=32) used the DISCO App on an iPad. Clinic visits were videorecorded and patients completed pre- and post-intervention measures of self-efficacy for managing treatment costs, self-efficacy for interacting with oncologists, cost-related distress, and perceptions of the DISCO App. A trained coder observed the recordings to determine the presence of a cost discussion, the cost-related topic, and any emergent factors. Results: Findings showed increases in patients’ self-efficacy for managing treatment costs (p=.02) and interacting with oncologists (p=.001). Cost-related distress decreased but not significantly (p=.20). Patients reported the DISCO App was understandable (M=4.5 out of 5), useful as they talked with their oncologist (M=4.0), and 84% of patients reported needing less than 15 minutes to use the DISCO App. Most (94%) interactions were videorecorded (in two cases technical difficulties prevented videos from being collected); all (100%) of the videorecorded interactions included a cost discussion. The most frequently discussed topics were: insurance, time off from work, and financial navigation. Frequently, the oncologist asked the patient for his/her question list and discussed/answered the questions. Conclusions: Findings suggest the DISCO App is feasible to implement in the clinic and effective in improving patient-oncologist cost discussions and financial toxicity-related outcomes. Patient acceptance of the DISCO App and oncologist engagement suggested the intervention prompted cost discussions. Next steps include conducting a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of the DISCO App on financial toxicity, and other outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03676920 .
The Absurd
Authors: Shaurya Taran
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INSANITY AND LUNACY IN MASSACHUSETTS.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nichola Cooper, Waleed Ghanima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Immune thrombocytopenia in patients who present with serious bleeding is treated with platelet transfusions, glucocorticoids, and intravenous immune globulin. In patients without serious bleeding, treatment decisions are guided by the platelet count and other factors. Commonly used agents include glucocorticoids, thrombopoietin-receptor agonists, and rituximab.
Abstract 2569: Synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of homologous recombination DNA repair
Authors: Platon Selemenakis, David Maranon, Claudia Wiese
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Genomic instability is one of the enabling hallmarks of cancer and can arise by exposure to several factors: endogenous challenges such as stress to DNA replication forks or exogenous compounds such as exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and other environmental mutagens. These insults can lead to the induction and propagation of mutations through the generation of multiple DNA lesions, the most toxic one of which is a DNA double-strand break (DSB). DSBs can be repaired by several different repair pathways. One of these pathways is homologous recombination (HR), a relatively faithful DSB repair pathway that relies on the availability of a homologous template for DNA repair synthesis. DNA strand exchange in HR is mediated by the RAD51 recombinase which forms a nucleoprotein filament on single-stranded DNA for strand invasion. In human cells, RAD51-mediated strand invasion is supported by the DNA motor protein RAD54 and by the RAD51-Associated Protein 1 (RAD51AP1). While RAD54 translocates on double-stranded DNA and promotes DNA strand separation, RAD51AP1 enhances the assembly of the synaptic complex. However, if RAD54 and RAD51AP1 work independently or together in the HR reaction is unclear. Since functional loss of either RAD54 or RAD51AP1 each leads to a moderate defect in HR, we speculate that RAD54 and RAD51AP1 may act in parallel in the promotion of RAD51 activity. We hypothesize that simultaneous inactivation of both RAD54 and RAD51AP1 may lead to a synthetic phenotype in HR impairment. The main focus of this study is to investigate the potential synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of the HR reaction to improve targeted cancer therapy. We are investigating if loss of RAD54 in human cells exacerbates the phenotype of RAD51AP1-deficiency and renders cells more sensitive to DNA damaging agents. We have generated RAD51AP1 knockout HeLa cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In these cells, we have also inactivated the RAD54 gene using a very similar approach. Moreover, we have generated RAD54 knockout (KO) cells in a wild type RAD51AP1 background. All cell lines are tested for their response to chemotherapeutic agents in cell survival and DNA replication assays. Our first results show that the double KO cells are more sensitive to mitomycin C exposure than single KO cells, suggesting that RAD51AP1 and RAD54 function largely independently of each other in the HR reaction. The results from our investigation are expected to lead to the potential development of new cancer drugs targeted at ancillary factors of RAD51 in late stages of the HR reaction. Citation Format: Platon Selemenakis, David Maranon, Claudia Wiese. Synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of homologous recombination DNA repair [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2569.
Correlation of biochemical response to interferon alfa with histological improvement in hepatitis C: A meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics
Authors: P Bonis
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The current goal of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C is to normalize alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and to eradicate detectable viral RNA. Many patients do not achieve this objective during treatment, and most do not sustain these outcomes after interferon is discontinued. However, biochemical or virological responses to interferon may not reflect accurately the histological consequences of therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the biochemical measures reflect the histological outcomes in the treatment of hepatitis C with interferon alfa using a meta-analysis of diagnostic test characteristics. The data sources were English and non-English language studies retrieved from Medline (from 1966 to December 1995). The study selection included studies in which interferon alfa was used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C with liver biopsies performed before and after therapy. Data on histological and biochemical outcomes were extracted independently by two reviewers. Two separate criteria were used for defining histological response. When strict definitions of histological improvement were considered, histology improved in 28% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17%-43%) of patients after interferon treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the ALT for determining histological change were 70% (95% CI, 56%-81%) and 66% (95% CI, 56%-75%), respectively. As many as 17% (95% CI, 9%-30%) of subjects with an abnormal ALT at the end of therapy may have improved histologically after interferon therapy. When less stringent definitions of histological improvement were considered, 62% (95% CI, 51%-72%) improved after therapy. The sensitivity and specificity of the ALT for determining histological change were 55% (95% CI, 44%-65%) and 75% (95% CI, 67%-81%), respectively. As many as 51% (95% CI, 38%-64%) may have improved, despite failure to normalize ALT. A substantial number of patients may improve histologically after interferon therapy. The significance of histological changes observed after interferon therapy must be weighed against the limitations of liver biopsy and the uncertain natural history of hepatitis C. Nevertheless, the ALT does not always reflect liver histology accurately after interferon alfa treatment and may underestimate histological improvement.