tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adducted Proteins for Identification of Endogenous Electrophiles
Authors: Margareta Tornqvist, Antti Kautiainen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Chemically reactive compounds in tissues can be monitored through their products of reaction with biomacromolecules.For the purpose of in vivo dose monitoring, hemoglobin (Hb) has been preferred to DNA because of its well-defined life span and more facile chemical identification ofadducts.Through the N-alkyl Edman method, adducts to the N-terminals (valines) of the globin chains are measured mam spectrometrically with high sensitivity.In studies of low molecular weight adducts from occupational exposures or tobacco smoke, background levels were found in nonexposed control persons.In some cases the origin of these adducts could be determined.For instance, the 2-hydroxyethyl adduct has been shown to originate from ethylene oxide, a metabolite of endogenously produced ethene.The measured level, about 20 pmole/g globin, agrees well with the ethylene oxide dose calculated from expired ethene.Animal studies indicate contributions from the intestinal flora and dietary factors.An average background level of about 200 pmole/g globin of methylvaline has been observed in unexposed humans.From reaction-kinetic studies of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), it has been shown that the background mainly originates from SAM.In twin studies, a genetic influence on the level has been shown.Further- more, a contribution from tobacco smoking to the level was demonstrated in these studies.Certain aldehydes, e.g., malonaldehyde, have been shown to be related to dietary factors and lipid peroxidation.These studies show the usefulness of the method in a search for reactive compounds in the body, with the ultinate goal of assessing the total genotoxic load. N-Alkylvalines N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)valineMeasurement.N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)valine (HOEtVal) has been extensively studied with the N-alkyl Edman method, ethylene oxide being used as a model carcinogen during method develop-
Poster Session 1: Viral Hepatitis and Liver Transplant
Authors: Jessica Mueller, Lindsay King, Kara Johnson, Tian Gao, Lauren Nephew, Darshan Kothari, Mary Ann, Lan Wei, Kathleen Corey, Joseph Misdraji, Joon Lee, Bryan Fuchs, Kenneth Tanabe, Frederic Gordon, Michael Curry, Raymond Chung, Mary Simpson
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Purpose: Allograft hepatitis C is accelerated following liver transplantation (LT).Factors associated with disease progression include viral, demographic, and genetic characteristics of recipients and donors.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the EGF (rs4444903), IL28B (rs12979860), and PNPLA3 (rs738409) loci are associated with treatment response, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in nontransplant hepatitis C. No study has examined the role of EGF genotype, and only one study has examined the role of PNPLA3 genotype in LT recipients.IL28B genotype is associated with IFN-based treatment response in LT recipients, although data differ regarding its association with allograft disease course.We sought to determine whether these SNPs predict cirrhosis development and graft survival in a multicenter population.Methods: HCV patients who underwent LT at MGH, Beth Israel Deaconess, and Lahey Clinic between 1990 and 2008 were studied.Genotypes were determined from donor wedge or allograft biopsies and recipient explants.Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess time to cirrhosis, liver-related death, and re-LT, adjusting for donor age and sustained virologic response (SVR) as a time-dependent covariate.Logistic regression was used to assess SVR in patients receiving antiviral therapy.Results: The cohort comprised 257 LT recipients followed for a median of 6.9 years.We observed a trend towards a higher rate of progression to cirrhosis among recipients with an EGF non-AA vs. AA donor genotype (adjusted HR 2.02; 95%CI 0.93-4.37;p=0.07).No association was observed between recipient EGF, IL28B, and PNPLA3 or donor IL28B and PNPLA3 genotypes and cirrhosis.Additionally, no association was observed between these genotypes and graft survival.Among treated patients, the presence of the CC IL28B variant in either the recipient (R) or donor (D) liver was associated with increased rate of SVR (R-CC/D-CC 8/12 [67%], R-non-CC/ D-CC 19/42 [45%], R-CC/D-non-CC 3/9 [33%], R-non-CC/Dnon-CC 12/45 [27%], p=0.07).Conclusions: Recipient EGF, IL28B, and PNPLA3 and donor IL28B and PNPLA3 genotypes do not predict adverse outcomes in LT recipients with HCV.A potential association exists between donor EGF genotype and cirrhosis.Since the EGF GG genotype produces higher serum and liver levels of EGF than the non-GG genotype, and since the EGF receptor is involved in HCV entry, this finding is biologically plausible.Future efforts will be directed at investigating this relationship in larger cohorts.The results also suggest that IL28B and PNPLA3 genotypes do not play a major role in determining the natural history of allograft hepatitis C.
Chest Pain of Diffuse Esophageal Spasm Simulating Disease of the Coronary Arteries
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estriol
Authors: S. Fribourg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report "Estriol in the Management of the Menopause" (239:1638, 1978) is a most promising preliminary communication. Before the conclusions of the report may be accepted unequivocally, I am of the opinion that a truly double-blind study concerning the use of estriol in the management of menopausal symptoms need be done. The world's literature is replete with data disclosing the efficacy of placebos as well as nonestrogenic compounds in the management of menopausal symptoms. I would strongly hope that a doubleblind study would bear out the conclusions of the aforementioned report. Also, it would be of great interest to note the influence of estriol on the prevention and development of osteoporosis in conjunction with the excellent British studies related to this subject. Finally, I might ask the authors to speculate, should their double-blind study data confirm their most recently reported data, what is the estimate of time
Multivesicular stellate cells in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: R G Cameron, M G Neuman, L M Blendis
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Stellate cells have only recently received attention in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We used electron microscopy and morphometry to perform a qualitative and quantitative examination of lipid-storing activity of stellate cells in liver biopsies of 26 patients with noncirrhotic and cirrhotic PBC. Parallel with this study, a comparative analysis of the morphology of stellate cells in 51 patients with livers of normal histology was performed. There was a marked increase in the total number of lipid vesicles in stellate cells in all PBC patients when compared to livers with normal histology. Multiple multivesicular stellate cells were seen in the livers of 21 out of 26 patients with PBC. There were 11 to 28 lipid vesicles per multivesicular stellate cell from 1 μmol/L to 5 μmol/L in diameter per lipid vesicle. Hepatocytes showed little or no steatosis in 24 out of 26 (92%) PBC patients. Multivesicular stellate cells were not seen in female patients with normal liver histology. These results suggest that there is an alteration in hepatic lipid-storage that involves stellate cells in PBC, which could be an early manifestation of this disease. Its significance remains to be determined.
Diagnosis with Wood's light. Tinea capitis and erythrasma
Authors: K. M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

For less than $100 any one can own a Wood's light; yet this diagnostic tool is not standard equipment in the physician's office. A Wood's light produces long-wave ultraviolet light with a maximum at a wavelength of 3,600 Angstrom units (by comparison, the sunburn range is 2,800 to 3,200 A, and visible light is greater than 4,000 A). Some chemical substances which absorb long-wave ultraviolet light will be excited by this lamp to emit light of a longer (visible) wavelength. When viewed under a Wood's light in a dark room, the substance will appear to have a characteristic color depending upon the wavelength of the emitted (fluorescent) light. The use of this fluorescence in the office diagnosis of several diseases will be discussed in this and the succeeding communication. The examination of the scalp of children for the presence of ringworm (tinea capitis) with the Wood's light is a simple,
Tubal ligation may improve the prognosis of endometrial cancer later in life
Authors: Ashley Felix
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

memo to the media Tubal ligation may improve the prognosis of endometrial cancer later in lifeEndometrial cancer (EC) can spread by several routes, including the lymph system, blood vessels, through the uterine wall, as well as through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity, but the association of transtubal dissemination of EC with cancer stage, histological type, and mortality is unknown.However, according to a study published June 18 in the JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, women who have undergone a tubal ligation (TL) and develop more aggressive types of EC may have lower mortality.The authors postulate that women who have had TL have reduced passage of cancer cells through the fallopian tubes, thus lowering disease stage, which is a strong prognostic factor.To investigate the possible relationship between TL and EC outcomes, Ashley Felix, Ph.
<i>Psychopathological Researches. Studies in Mental Dissociation.</i> With Text Figures and Ten Plates. Boris Sidis, M. A., Ph. D., Director of the Psychopathological Laboratory. Published under the auspices of the Trustees of the Psychopathic Hospital, Department of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. New York, London, Leipzig, Paris, G. E. Stechert, 1902
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1903)
Non-neoplastic liver disease associated with chronic ground squirrel hepatitis virus infection
Authors: J Cullen
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We examined 95 ground squirrels to compare the histological appearance of liver sections from animals that were chronically infected with ground squirrel hepatitis virus (GSHV) (n = 29), uninfected (n = 42), or had recovered from infection (n = 24). We studied the effects of long-term infection because these animals had been infected with GSHV for up to 10 years. Chronic infection generally produced a mild, persistent hepatitis characterized by light lymphocytic and plasmacytic portal infiltrates with occasional individual necrotic hepatocytes and small aggregates of Kupffer cells or mononuclear inflammatory cells in the parenchyma. In a few of the portal tracts from each of the more inflamed livers (grade 2), the inflammatory infiltrate penetrated the limiting plate and extended into the adjacent parenchyma. Hepatitis (grades 1 or 2) was detected more often in chronically infected animals (17 of 29) than in recovered (4 of 24) or uninfected ground squirrels (7 of 42). Fibrosis was generally not increased, but fine strands of collagen extended from the portal tracts and central veins into the parenchyma of about one quarter of the infected and recovered animals. Cytoplasmic pigment accumulation and variation in the size of hepatocyte nuclei appeared to be related to aging, not infection. Serum levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases (AST and ALT) were mildly elevated in samples from seven infected animals compared with seven control animals. Despite many years of chronic infection, liver injury was similar to that reported in previous studies on animals infected for shorter intervals, indicating that liver injury is not progressive in GSHV-infected ground squirrels.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFAREReaction from Incompatible Blood TransfusionA twenty-one-year-old woman died in Massachusetts sixteen days after a cesarean section in another state during the thirty-eighth week of her third pregnancy.During her first pregnancy, at the age of eighteen, the Public Health Department laboratory of her home state reported the blood as Group A, Rh negative. During the second pregnancy she was admitted to the hospital for severe anemia and was given a transfusion. The hospital laboratory reported the Blood as Group A, Rh positive, with no agglutination in major and minor crossmatching, and there was no reaction. . . .
Phase I trial of sorafenib following liver transplantation in patients with high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Abby B. Siegel, Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, Richard S. Finn, Katherine Guthrie, Alan P. Venook, Charles David Blanke, Robert S. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

401 Background: Liver transplantation (LT) offers excellent long-term survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who are within established criteria. For those outside such criteria, or with high risk pathologic features in the explant, HCC recurrence rates after LT are high. No treatment has been shown to decrease risk of recurrence post-LT. We conducted a multicenter phase I trial of sorafenib in LT patients with high-risk HCC. Methods: Subjects had pathologically proven high-risk HCC defined as outside Milan (pre- or post-transplant), poorly differentiated tumors, or tumors with vascular invasion. We used a standard 3+3 phase I design, beginning drug between 4 and 16 weeks after LT, with planned duration of treatment of 24 weeks. Cohort dosages were: 1) 200 mg per day, 2) 200 mg twice a day, 3) 200 mg/400 mg per day 4) 400 mg BID. Correlative studies included circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and plasma biomarkers collected prior to treatment, at 1 month, and at recurrence in a subset of subjects, and tumor expression of p-Erk, p-Akt, and c-Met in tissue microarrays. Results: We enrolled 14 patients. Median age was 63 years, and 93% were men. 71% had underlying HCV and 21% had HBV. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 200 mg BID; only 43% of patients received &gt;80% of planned dose. Grade 3-4 toxicities seen in &gt;10% of subjects included: leukopenia (29%), LFT abnormalities (21%), hypertension (14%), hand-foot syndrome (14%) and diarrhea (14%). Over a median follow-up of 953 days, 1 patient died and 4 recurred, with a median recurrence-free survival of 716 days for the 4 patients who recurred. Mean CEC number at baseline was 21 cells/4 ml for those who recurred, and 80 cells/4 ml for those who did not (p=0.10). Mean sVEGFR2 levels decreased after 1 month on sorafenib (p=0.09), but did not correlate with recurrence. There was a trend for tumor c-Met expression with increased risk of recurrence. Conclusions: Post-transplant sorafenib is feasible and tolerable at 200 mg PO BID. Recurrence-free survival appears longer than expected but needs further validation in a larger study. Clinical trial information: NCT00997022.
Cycle helmets
Authors: B. R Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

requesting permission for HIV antibody testing some life assurance companies rightly ask pro- posers to nominate their general practitioner or another named doctor who should be informed in total confidence in the event of a positive result.This doctor need not be the one who obtained the sample, who may be less well known to the proposer and not necessarily in a position to offer long term support.This makes the procedure more personalised and acceptable to the proposer.My life assurance society does not at present use saliva tests for HIV antibody testing so I have not had to delete references to false positive results in policy holders' documents.In the less likely event of a false positive result of a blood test I would insist that the subsequent negative result was given due prominence.These documents remain strictly confidential to the underwriting team.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Breathing and Radiation Therapy
Authors: H. A. S. van den Brenk
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One of several factors which affect the response of primary and secondary cancers to x-rays is the state of tissue oxygenation. All normal or neoplastic cells which are rendered anoxic or severely hypoxic when they are being irradiated become radioresistant, and two to three times the dose is required to produce the same degree of damage as would be required if relatively low concentrations (oxygen pressure [Po<sub>2</sub>&lt; 5 mm Hg) of molecular oxygen in solution were present. Most normal tissues of the body are adequately oxygenated in this respect. Macroscopic and microscopic appearances of growing solid tumors in humans, and direct measurements of tumor tissue Po<sub>2</sub>strongly suggest that zones of radiobiologically anoxic tumor tissue develop, particularly those zones more distant from existing blood vessels which border on necrotic regions. The degree of anoxia developing during cancerous growth is closely related to the facility with which a
Diarrhoea.
Authors: A. J. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1992)

On admission hewas semiconscious and scored 9 on the Glasgow coma score.He showed writhing movements of his hands and subsequently had a short tonic-clonic fit.Both his plantar responses were extensor, but the remainder of the physical examination gave normal results.Initial investiga- tions showed a serum sodium concentration of 121 mmol/l, potassium 3 9 mmol/l, and chloride 90 mmol/l with a creatinine concentration of 54 [tmol/l and osmolarity of 254 mmol/l.A com-
Supersalivation-Reply
Authors: Albert J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the thoughtful letters submitted by Johnson et al and Dr Lorber. My understanding of "waterbrash," supported by my 1951<i>Webster's Dictionary</i>and by Micaela Sullivan, public medical historian of the American Medical Association, is that it is "an acrid regurgitation of stomach contents to the mouth," which is probably related to esophageal reflux. I know of no reference that relates "a concomitant outpouring of copious amounts" of saliva to "waterbrash." The pattern of "supersalivation" that I described is intriguing and not common. It seems quite rare in most patients who have repeated lower esophageal discomfort or reflux. Consequently, I cannot accept the simple explanation for the profuse salivation that is suggested by Johnson et al. Having recently had the pleasure of reviewing a couple of articles that Dr Donald Castell<sup>1,2</sup>was kind enough to send me, I am convinced (always hiding behind my cardiologist status) that
Abstract 148: Gut Microbial Metabolites Modulate Immune Response for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Tony W Tang, Patrick C Hsieh
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Antibiotic abuse has been a serious issue on human health and homeostasis. Appreciation of the role of gut microbiota in regulating vertebrate tissue repair has exploded recently. However, the effects of gut microbiota on cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that although administration of antibiotics doesn’t influence cardiac function before injury, antibiotic-mediated depletion of the gut microbiota caused high mortality in mice after MI. Since the effect happens only after the mice with MI have received antibiotics, it suggests that the gut microbiota is important for effective cardiac repair, especially in early stage after MI. Because the gut microbiota is an important immune modulator, we speculate that immune response, which plays an important role in cardiac repair, is significantly impaired in mice treated with antibiotics. We have determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are a gut microbiota-derived fermented product, contribute to efficacious cardiac repair after MI. Furthermore, the profile of gut microbiota dynamic changes clues a decisive role of Lactobacillus species in more powerful cardiac repair after MI. Mice with MI that were treated with Lactobacillus showed a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and smaller infarct size. Finally, the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus come from the alternation of SCFA metabolism which modulates the immune response in the heart. Our study demonstrates that the gut microbiota contributes to cardiac repair after MI via immune response modulation driven by gut microbiota-derived SCFAs. Manipulation of gut microbiota composition or its metabolites may provide opportunities to modulate pathological outcome in the heart after MI.
CORRECTION
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Effects of Isoproterenol in the Normal and Asthmatic Subject. A Preliminary Report
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal