tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genital Warts, Papillomaviruses, And Genital Malignancies
Authors: K. Shah
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Post-fecal microbiota transplant taxa correlate with 3-month survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis patients
Authors: Shvetank Sharma, Apurva Pande, Vikas Khillan, Archana Rastogi, Vinod Arora, S. Muralikrishna Shasthry, Vijayraghavan Rajan, Guresh Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Stanislas Mondot, Jöel Doré, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Application of DNA Arrays to Toxicology
Authors: John C. Rockett, David J. Dix
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

DNA array technology makes it possible to rapidly genotype individuals or quantify the expression of thousands of genes on a single filter or glass slide, and holds enormous potential in toxicologic applications. This potential led to a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored workshop titled "Application of Microarrays to Toxicology" on 7-8 January 1999 in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. In addition to providing state-of-the-art information on the application of DNA or gene microarrays, the workshop catalyzed the formation of several collaborations, committees, and user's groups throughout the Research Triangle Park area and beyond. Potential application of microarrays to toxicologic research and risk assessment include genome-wide expression analyses to identify gene-expression networks and toxicant-specific signatures that can be used to define mode of action, for exposure assessment, and for environmental monitoring. Arrays may also prove useful for monitoring genetic variability and its relationship to toxicant susceptibility in human populations.
Abstract O.57: Coronary Circulation Assessed by Transthoracic Echocardiography during Exercise Test is Impaired in Patients after Kawasaki Disease Even with Regressed Coronary Arterial Lesions
Authors: Manatomo Toyono, Shunsuke Yamada, Jun Oyamada, Shunsuke Shimada, Mieko Aoki-Okazaki, Kenji Harada, Tsutomu Takahashi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Coronary flow reserve (CFR) has important clinical implications for the evaluation of coronary circulation including Kawasaki disease (KD). Pharmacological vasodilation is generally used to induce hyperemia for the assessment of CFR; however, exercise test provides more physiological stress. Objectives: This study sought to assess CFR during exercise in patients after KD with regressed coronary arterial lesions (CALs) by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods: Twenty KD patients were studied, comprising 8 patients with regressed CALs in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and 12 patients without CALs (median ages; 10 and 9 years, respectively). Fourteen age-matched healthy subjects were also studied as controls. We obtained peak diastolic coronary flow velocity (CFV) of the LAD by pulsed-Doppler TTE at rest and at submaximal exercise on supine ergometer. CFR was calculated as the ratio of exercise to rest CFVs. Results: The CFV measurements were obtained in all the subjects. There was no significant difference in the CFVs among the patients with regressed CALs, those without CALs and the controls (30 ± 7 vs. 31 ± 10 vs. 28 ± 8 cm/s, respectively). The CFVs increased during exercise in the patients without CALs and the controls (51 ± 11 and 49 ± 10 cm/s, respectively, both p &lt;0.05). In consequence, the CFR was lower in the patients with regressed CALs compared with those without CALs and the controls (1.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.7 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.2, respectively, p &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Exercise test demonstrated impaired CFR in KD patients with regressed CALs. It suggests that these patients have risk of future myocardial ischemic events.
The three-year medical curriculum
Authors: R. G. Page
Journal: JAMA (1970)

For several years, medical educators have been carefully examining the length of time it takes to become a practicing physician. There are points along the educational path where appropriate shortcuts might be made by students who are both interested and endowed with adequate aptitudes. The more apparent of these are (1) reducing the calendar years spent in college to less than four, (2) reducing the calendar years spent in medical college to less than four, (3) elimination of the internship, and (4) decreasing the years spent in residency training. In this presentation, I will give prime consideration to the shortening of the medical school curriculum. I will also briefly discuss the reduction of other portions of prepractitioner education. In 1967, Paul Sanazaro and I organized a conference entitled "The Optimal Preparation for the Study of Medicine," which, in essence, examined the college-medical school relationship.<sup>1</sup>As a result of that
Abstract P098: Inhibitory Role of <i>Notch1</i> in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Is Mediated by Sox9
Authors: Chetan P Hans, Asha Acharya, Sara N Koenig, Haley A Nichols, Cristi L Galindo, Harold R Garner, Walter H Merrill, Robert B Hinton, Vidu Garg
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Introduction: Aortic valve calcification is the most common form of valvular heart disease; however the mechanism(s) underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) are unknown. NOTCH1 mutations are associated with aortic valve malformations and adult-onset calcification in families with inherited disease. The Notch signaling pathway is critical for multiple cell differentiation processes, but its role in the development of CAVD is not well understood. Objective: To investigate the molecular changes associated with the calcification of aortic valve that occurs with inhibition of Notch signaling. Methods and Results: The expression of Notch signaling pathway members was validated in the aortic valve cusps from adult mice, and examination of diseased human aortic valves revealed decreased expression of NOTCH1 in areas of calcium deposition. To identify downstream mediators of Notch1 signaling, we examined gene expression changes that occur with chemical inhibition of Notch signaling in rat aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs). We found significant downregulation of many cartilage-specific genes that constitute the valve extracellular matrix (ECM). Analysis of these cartilage-specific genes demonstrated that several were transcriptional targets of Sox9, a master regulator of chondrogenesis, which has been previously shown to be essential for proper valve development and maintenance. Utilizing an in vitro porcine aortic valve calcification model system, inhibition of Notch activity resulted in accelerated calcification while stimulation of Notch signaling attenuated the calcific process. Finally, utilizing transfection studies, addition of Sox9 was able to prevent the calcification of porcine AVICs that occurs with Notch inhibition. Conclusions: Loss of Notch signaling contributes to aortic valve calcification by a Sox9-dependent mechanism. Further elucidation of the Notch1-Sox9 molecular pathway and its role in the maintenance of the ECM will lead to an improved mechanistic understanding of aortic valve calcification and development of novel therapeutic strategies for CAVD.
Clinical Reports.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meningoencephalitis due to pathogenic free-living amoebae. Report of two cases
Authors: J. H. Callicott
Journal: JAMA (1968)

During a four-month summer period, 390 cerebrospinalfluid specimens from 357 patients were studied for the presence of a free-living amoebae.<i>Naegleria gruberi</i>was cultured from one patient with lethal meningoencephalitis.<i>Acanthamoeba astronyxis</i>was cultured from another patient with nonlethal meningitis. The latter represents, to our knowledge, the first case of nonlethal meningitis caused by the free-living amoebae. Fresh water was implicated again as a possible epidemiologic source. In any purulent meningitis in which bacteria cannot be demonstrated, amoebae should be looked for in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Early pregnancy factor in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats: Relationship with chaperonin 10
Authors: K Quinn
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Early pregnancy factor is not only a product of dividing embryonic and neoplastic cells, as demonstrated previously, but also of normal proliferating cells. Eight hours after partial hepatectomy in rats, early pregnancy factor was detected in serum. It rose to a peak by 48 hr. Neutralization of early pregnancy factor in vivo by passive immunization with specific antibodies, 18 hr after partial hepatectomy, resulted in a significant decrease in the uptake of [H]thymidine by the liver remnant, measured 4 to 6 hr later. These results suggest that during liver regeneration, early pregnancy factor is essential to the sequence of events that culminates in DNA synthesis and cell division. Recently we purified early pregnancy factor from human platelets and determined by mass spectrometry a precise molecular mass of 10,843 Da. Amino acid sequencing (˜72% of the molecule) demonstrated that early pregnancy factor is highly homologous with chaperonin 10, a stress-inducible mitochondrial protein, and that platelet-derived early pregnancy factor and rat chaperonin 10 share similar biochemical and immunological properties. In this study we show that early pregnancy factor, purified from regenerating rat liver and from serum taken 24 hr after hepatectomy, shares these properties. In addition, antibodies to early pregnancy factor, effective in passive immunization studies, recognize chaperonin 10, whereas chaperonin 10 antibodies bind to early pregnancy factor from regenerating liver and posthepatectomy serum. We propose that early pregnancy factor/chaperonin 10 is selectively released from proliferating cells and, in an autocrine or paracrine mode (or both) is involved in DNA synthesis. (Hepatology 1994;20:1294–1302).
Roentgenographic findings in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome
Authors: T. F. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Aspiration of meconium produces respiratory distress of various severity and outcome. To evaluate whether the initial chest roentgenogram (0 to 8 hours of age) can be used to predict the outcome, an analysis of 80 cases with clinical and roentgenographic features of aspiration syndrome was undertaken. Infiltration was seen in 62, consolidation or atelectasis in 44, hyperinflation in 37, air leak in 25, pleural effusion in 16, and increased cardiothymic shadow in 16. Consolidation or atelectasis, most commonly associated with thick meconium aspiration, appeared to be the most significant determinant of poor outcome. Infants who had consolidation or atelectasis were more ill, had lower pH, higher fraction of inspired oxygen, higher alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients, and required longer duration of oxygen intake than those infants who had no consolidation or atelectasis. Thus, the initial chest roentgenogram can be used for predicting outcome in infants with meconium aspiration syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>242:60-63, 1979)
Cesarean Section
Authors: Fred A. Zar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoyed the STATE OF THE ART update on cesarean section written by Dr Danforth,<sup>1</sup>but must take issue with his suggested agent of choice for antimicrobial prophylaxis, namely, cefoxitin. In an era of cost containment it behooves physicians to choose the least expensive antibiotic, given their equal efficacy. There is ample evidence in the literature that either cefazolin or cefoxitin significantly decreases febrile morbidity after cesarean section when compared with placebo prophylaxis.<sup>2</sup>Only one adequately controlled study has compared these agents,<sup>3</sup>and was referenced by Dr Danforth as support for cefoxitin as the agent of choice. Unfortunately, this study failed to show a significant difference (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) between these drugs with respect to postoperative genital infections, standard fever index, standard febrile morbidity, or length of hospital stay. There is no question as to the superior activity of cefoxitin compared to cefazolin against<i>Bacteroides</i>
Correction: Improved pain relief after thoractomy
Authors: J Mr, St Kirkham
Journal: BMJ (1981)

liams's letter (10 October, p 987) about the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, and agree entirely with your comment.I would take exception, however, to his last sentence, which implies that an "alcoholic binge" may lead to an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and that this does not require investigation.It is our experience that when alcoholic excess leads to a massive bleed there is usually a chronic underlying cause, and I would suggest that these patients most certainly should be investigated.
RACIAL FACTORS IN BLOOD PRESSURE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Authors' reply
Authors: L. Garcia-Garcia, J. L. Valdespino-Gomez
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Epigenetic mechanisms result in persistent changes at the cellular level that can lead to long-lasting behavioral adaptations. Nucleosome remodeling is a major epigenetic mechanism that has not been well explored with regards to drug-seeking behaviors. Nucleosome remodeling is performed by multi-subunit complexes that interact with DNA or chromatin structure and possess an ATP-dependent enzyme to disrupt nucleosome-DNA contacts and ultimately regulate gene expression. Calcium responsive transactivator (CREST) is a transcriptional activator that interacts with enzymes involved in both histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling. Here, we examined the effects of knocking down CREST in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core on drug-seeking behavior and synaptic plasticity in male mice as well as drug-seeking in male rats. Knocking down CREST in the NAc core results in impaired cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as theta-induced long-term potentiation in the NAc core. Further, similar to the CPP findings, using a self-administration procedure, we found that CREST knockdown in the NAc core of male rats had no effect on instrumental responding for cocaine itself on a first-order schedule, but did significantly attenuate responding on a second-order chain schedule, in which responding has a weaker association with cocaine. Together, these results suggest that CREST in the NAc core is required for cocaine-induced CPP, synaptic plasticity, as well as cocaine-seeking behavior. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> This study demonstrates a key role for the role of Calcium responsive transactivator (CREST), a transcriptional activator, in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core with regard to cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), self-administration (SA), and synaptic plasticity. CREST is a unique transcriptional regulator that can recruit enzymes from two different major epigenetic mechanisms: histone acetylation and nucleosome remodeling. In this study we also found that the level of potentiation in the NAc core correlated with whether or not animals formed a CPP. Together the results indicate that CREST is a key downstream regulator of cocaine action in the NAc.
Failure of Stroke Volume Augmentation During Exercise and Dobutamine Stress Is Unrelated to Load-Independent Indexes of Right Ventricular Performance After the Mustard Operation
Authors: Graham P. Derrick, Indra Narang, Paul A. White, Andrea Kelleher, Andrew Bush, Daniel J. Penny, Andrew N. Redington
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Impaired right ventricular function has been implicated as a cause of reduced maximal exercise capacity after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries. Methods and Results —Fourteen asymptomatic survivors of the Mustard operation were studied. Each underwent conventional cardiac catheterization, and after satisfactory hemodynamics were confirmed, load-independent indexes of ventricular function were derived by conductance catheter during dobutamine infusion (0, 5, and 10 μg · kg − 1 · min − 1 ). Seven patients also underwent upright exercise testing on a bicycle ergometer with analysis of respiratory gas exchange by continuous mass spectrometry. Accessible pulmonary blood flow was measured at each workload with an automated acetylene rebreathing technique. All patients exercised to a satisfactory end point (respiratory quotient &gt;1.1). Maximum oxygen consumption during exercise was impaired compared with predicted values (mean, 77%; P &lt;0.02). Both exercise and dobutamine infusion were associated with an increase in cardiac index and heart rate and a reduced stroke volume index response. This was despite significantly improved indexes of myocardial contraction (end-systolic pressure volume relation, P &lt;0.001), preload recruitable stroke work index ( P &lt;0.01), VA coupling ( P &lt;0.001), and isovolumic relaxation ( P &lt;0.001) during dobutamine infusion. There were no changes observed in end-diastolic pressure-volume relations, but there was failure to augment ventricular filling manifest by absence of change in dV/dt ( P =NS). Conclusions —The stroke volume response to exercise stress is reduced in patients after the Mustard operation. A similar failure to augment stroke volume occurs during dobutamine stress despite appropriate responses in load-independent indexes of contraction and relaxation. This is due to failure to augment right ventricular filling rates during tachycardia, presumably as a result of impaired AV transport, consequent to the abnormal intra-atrial pathways.
Incorrect Nomenclature
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indole-Spot Test in Bacteriology
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Christine Mummery, Dorien Ward-van Oostwaard, Pieter Doevendans, Rene Spijker, Stieneke van den Brink, Rutger Hassink, Marcel van der Heyden, Tobias Opthof, Martin Pera, Aart Brutel de la Riviere, Robert Passier, Leon Tertoolen
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells could be useful in restoring heart function after myocardial infarction or in heart failure. Here, we induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of hES cells by a novel method and compared their electrophysiological properties and coupling with those of primary human fetal cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results— hES cells were cocultured with visceral-endoderm (VE)–like cells from the mouse. This initiated differentiation to beating muscle. Sarcomeric marker proteins, chronotropic responses, and ion channel expression and function were typical of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiology demonstrated that most cells resembled human fetal ventricular cells. Real-time intracellular calcium measurements, Lucifer yellow injection, and connexin 43 expression demonstrated that fetal and hES-derived cardiomyocytes are coupled by gap junctions in culture. Inhibition of electrical responses by verapamil demonstrated the presence of functional α 1c -calcium ion channels. Conclusions— This is the first demonstration of induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in hES cells that do not undergo spontaneous cardiogenesis. It provides a model for the study of human cardiomyocytes in culture and could be a step forward in the development of cardiomyocyte transplantation therapies.