tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 5-FU vs capecitabine in combination with mitomycin or cisplatin in the treatment of anal cancer.
Authors: Irene Yu, Winson Y. Cheung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

3576 Background: The patterns of capecitabine use as an alternative form of fluoropyrimidine to infusional 5-FU in the non-operative management of anal cancer in the real world are poorly described. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of capecitabine use, compare the observed outcomes between oral and intravenous fluoropyrimidines, and examine for variations in treatment-related adverse events between the two agents. Methods: All anal cancer patients who received either capecitabine or infusional 5-FU as part of their chemoradiation treatment from 2004 to 2013 at any 1 of 6 cancer centers in British Columbia were included. Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann tests were used to assess for associations between treatment groups and clinical characteristics and outcomes. Results: A total of 486 patients were identified: median age was 59 (IQR 53-67) years, 175 (36%) were men, 418 (86%) had ECOG 0/1, and 30 (6%) were HIV positive. Median total radiation dose was 54 cGy (IQR 50-54) and 47 (10%) underwent a colostomy prior to chemoradiation. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups with respect to age, gender, ECOG, and HIV status (all p &gt; 0.05). Prior to 2010, only 5-FU was utilized. From 2010 to 2013, 155 and 82 patients (65% vs 35%) received capecitabine vs 5-FU, respectively. Overall (68% vs 67%, p = 0.831) and disease-free survival rates (59% vs 59%, p = 0.926) at 3 years were similar in the capecitabine vs 5-FU groups. Rates of subsequent abdomino-perineal resection were also similar (10% vs 14%, p = 0.164). Patients who received 5-FU were more likely to report adverse effects (76% vs 57%, p &lt; 0.01). The capecitabine group had a lower incidence of stomatitis (7% vs 43%, p &lt; 0.01) whereas the 5-FU cohort reported less frequent hand-foot syndrome (1% vs 7%, p &lt; 0.01). The rates of myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, and rash were similar between the two groups (all p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: This represents one of the largest population-based studies to demonstrate a preference for capecitabine in place of 5-FU in the management of anal cancer. Survival outcomes were similar between the two treatment groups, but capecitabine may be better tolerated in the real world.
Centenarian Surgery
Authors: Ralph A. Milliken
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As life expectancy increases, greater numbers of elderly patients present themselves for surgery and anesthesia. These patients have acquired the infirmities and degenerative diseases of age. The following is a case report of a spinal anesthetic for a patient who, after an exhaustive study of the literature of geriatric anesthetics, we believe to be older than any previously reported. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> AA 102-year-old man made his initial appearance in the Emergency Room because of progressive discoloration of the right great toe. He had been unable to walk and had not eaten or drunk for a week. He was emaciated and there was no response to the verbal commands of the examiner. The blood pressure was 150/90 mm Hg, pulse rate was 96 beats per minute, and respiratory rate was 22 per minute. Bilateral cataracts were evident. Heart sounds were normal. Femoral and popliteal artery pulses
Multiple Activation Pathways of Benzene Leading to Products with Varying Genotoxic Characteristics
Authors: Hansruedi Glatt, Robert Padykula, Glenn A. Berchtold, Gabriele Ludewig, Karl L. Platt, Jochen Klein, Franz Oesch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Benzene and 13 potential metabolites were investigated for genotoxicity in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 Chinese hamster cells. In the presence of NADPH-fortified hepatic postmitochondrial fraction (S9 mix), benzene reverted his- S. typhimurium strains. The effect was strongest in strain TA1535. Among the potential metabolites, only the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol, in the presence of S9 mix, and the diol epoxides, in the presence and absence of S9 mix, proved mutagenic in this strain. The anti-diol epoxide was more potent than the syn-diastereomer. Both enantiomers of the anti-diastereomer showed similar activities. S9 mix did not appreciably affect the mutagenicity of the anti-diol epoxide. However, detoxification was observed when purified rat liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.20) was used at concentrations comparable to that present in the liver. The (1S)-anti-diol epoxide was a much better substrate than the (1R)-enantiomer, as was true also for (1S)-versus (1R)-trans-1,2-dihydrodiol. The anti-diol epoxide reverted all six strains of S. typhimurium used and induced all four genotoxic effects studied in V79 cells (sister chromatid exchange greater than acquisition of 6-thioguanine resistance, acquisition of ouabain resistance, micronuclei). However, other potential benzene metabolites showed genotoxic effects in V79 cells, as well: sister chromatid exchange was induced by the syn-diol epoxide, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, hydroquinone, catechol, and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene. Elevated frequencies of micronucleated cells were observed after treatment with hydroquinone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, catechol, phenol, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, and quinone. Mutations to 6-thioguanine resistance were induced by quinone, hydroquinone, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, catechol, and the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Jan Fröhlich, Kristina Kovacovicova, Tommaso Mazza, Michelangelo Foti, Cyril Sobolewski, Marion Peyrou, Francesc Villarroya, Melchiorre Cervello, Francesca Bonomini, Manlio Vinciguerra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Digitalis
Authors: Thomas W. Smith, Edgar Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE study of the cardiac glycosides continues to fascinate both clinician and laboratory scientist. The magnitude of effort being expended by biomedical investigators in the study of digitalis glycosides can be judged from the listing of more than 600 citations in this area of endeavor in the Index Medicus for the year 1972 alone. It is not our intent to review the progress of the past decade exhaustively, and we shall attempt rather to consider selectively fundamental concepts and advances that are of broad interest to the basic and clinical pharmacology of the cardiac glycosides. Special emphasis will be placed . . .
Progestin prophylaxis of osteoporosis
Authors: C. Nadjafi
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the question "Osteoporosis Prophylaxis in a Postmastectomy Patient?" and the two answers in the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (1982;248:1108) and would like to draw attention to the possibility of progestogen prophylaxis of osteoporosis. If estrogens are contraindicated, progestogens alone may prove helpful and should be prescribed for such patients. Norethindrone, 5 mg/day, is recommended by Nordin et al,<sup>1</sup>since it has been demonstrated that 5 mg of norethindrone is effective in reducing calcium excretion in the urine.<sup>2</sup>Norethindrone or norethindrone acetate has been found useful as endocrine treatment in patients with breast cancer and can, therefore, be prescribed for osteoporosis prophylaxis if considered necessary.
Septicemia caused by penicillinase-producing gonococcus
Authors: P. Ruutu
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to continue the interesting discussion by Doraiswamy et al<sup>1</sup>and Alfonso et al<sup>2</sup>about infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains of gonococci (PPNG) by presenting a case of PPNG bacteremia. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 36-year-old man has been treated for ten years with β-blockers and prazosin hydrochloride for moderate hypertension. He had gonococcal urethritis in the late 1960s and early 1980s. From mid-February 1983, the patient had a sore throat, with no response to potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin given orally. On Feb 26, he had fever (39.5 °C), noticed pustulelike lesions on the dorsum of his right hand, left upper arm, and the dorsum of both feet, and was admitted to Aurora Hospital. Leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was increased (2.4×10<sup>10</sup>/ L), with a mild shift to the left. Cerebrospinal fluid drawn because of headache yielded marginally elevated levels of erythrocytes
Pilot trial of ibrutinib plus nivolumab in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): results from a dose-finding cohort.
Authors: Primo Lara, Mamta Parikh, Daniel Robles, Frances Lara, Frederick J. Meyers, Chong-xian Pan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

4580 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT) has transformed the management of patients (pts) with mRCC, with a fraction experiencing durable tumor responses. However, most eventually develop disease progression after either an initial response to CIT or while on CIT. Newer agents that modulate immune response can possibly potentiate CIT therapy. The ITK/ETK/BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has been reported to inhibit myeloid derived suppressor cells in preclinical models and to potentiate CIT. We conducted an investigator-initiated pilot trial of ibrutinib plus the PD1 inhibitor nivolumab in mRCC pts, particularly in those previously exposed to CIT. Here we report initial safety and efficacy results from the dose-finding cohort. Methods: Pts with mRCC of any histologic subtype and who have completed at least one line of prior systemic therapy including prior CIT were eligible. Pts must have acceptable end-organ function and Zubrod PS of 0-2. Treatment consisted of nivolumab 240 mg IV q2 weeks plus ibrutinib 560 mg (dose level 0) or 420 mg (dose level -1) orally once daily. Cycle length was 28 days. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as any Grade(Gr) 3+ adverse event (AE) attributable to therapy. Results: As of 9/18/17, 12 pts have been enrolled, six to each dose level. Patient characteristics: Mean age = 62 years (range 44-78); Male sex = 7 (58%); White race = 9 (75%); Prior CIT = 11 (92%). Three pts experienced one DLT each in dose level 0 (all Gr3): elevated lipase, hypoalbuminemia, & nausea. Only 1 DLT has been seen thus far in dose level -1 (Gr3 infection). The most common Gr3+ AEs include anemia (n = 5), ALT elevation (4), AST elevation (3), nausea (3), hypoalbuminemia (2), esophagitis, infection, lipase increase, and vomiting (1 each). Two pts with prior CIT had partial tumor response (both confirmed), 1 of which later became a CR. Conclusions: Ibrutinib at a dose of 420 mg orally once daily in combination with nivolumab 240mg IV q 2 weeks appears feasible and tolerable in mRCC patients. No unique immune-related AEs have been seen thus far. Anti-tumor activity was seen in 2 pts previously exposed to PD1-targeted therapy. Updated results will be presented. (Supported by Pharmacyclics and UCDCCC). Clinical trial information: NCT02899078.
Deoxycholic acid influences cholesterol solubilization and microcrystal nucleation time in gallbladder bile*1, *2
Authors: S HUSSAINI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Little is known about the effects of biliary deoxycholic acid on the partitioning of biliary cholesterol between vesicles and micelles and on the rate of nucleation of cholesterol microcrystals, key steps in gallstone formation. Therefore, 43 samples of fresh gallbladder bile were obtained from a heterogeneous group of patients with and without stones. Univariate and multivariate analyses were then applied to determine the inter-relationships between biliary cholesterol saturation, total lipid concentration, and bile acid species and (1) the distribution of biliary cholesterol between vesicles and micelles and (2) the cholesterol microcrystal nucleation time. The percentage of deoxycholic acid in bile was shown to be linearly related to the cholesterol saturation index (r = .54; P < .001), the vesicular cholesterol:phospholipid molar ratio (r = .53; P < .001), and the molar concentration of cholesterol in the vesicles (r = .59; P < .001). The mean proportion of biliary deoxycholic acid conjugates was also greater in patients with rapid nucleation times (23.4 ± SEM 1.1%) than in those with slow nucleation times (17.3 ± 1.9%; P < .05). As total bile lipid concentration increased, the proportion of total biliary cholesterol in vesicles decreased (r = .53; P < .001), whereas the molar concentration of vesicular cholesterol increased (r = .42, P < .01). The cholesterol saturation indices, total bile lipid concentration, and proportion of biliary deoxycholate were independent determinants of the molar concentration of cholesterol in vesicles. We conclude that relative increases in the percentage of deoxycholic acid and in bile lipid concentration, favor the partitioning of cholesterol into vesicles. In turn, this leads to an increase in the vesicular cholesterol : phospholipid molar ratio and thus to a decrease in the cholesterol microcrystal nucleation time.
The Role of Humic Substances in Drinking Water in Kashin-Beck Disease in China
Authors: Wen-Hua Wang, Chun-Xia Wang, Zi-Jian Wang, Hai-Feng Rui, Wai-Zhe Wang, Zi-Wei Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We conducted in vitro and in vivo assays in a selenium-deficient system to determine if organic matter (mainly fulvic acid; FA) is involved in a free radical mechanism of action for Kashin-Beck disease. Cartilage cell culture experiments indicated that the oxy or hydroxy functional groups in FA may interfere with the cell membrane and result in enhancement of lipid peroxidation. Experiments with rats demonstrated that toxicity from FA was reduced when the hydroxy group was blocked. Induction of lipid peroxidation by FA in liver and blood of rats was similar to that exhibited by acetyl phenyl hydrazine. FA accumulated in bone and cartilage, where selenium rarely concentrates. In addition, selenium supplementation in rats' drinking water inhibited the generation of oxy-free radicals in bone. We hypothesized that FA in drinking water is an etiological factor of Kashin-Beck disease and that the mechanism of action involves the oxy and hydroxy groups in FA for the generation of free radicals. Selenium was confirmed to be a preventive factor for Kashin-Beck disease.
Physiologically Based Toxicokinetic Modeling of 1,3-Butadiene Lung Metabolism in Mice Becomes More Important at Low Doses
Authors: Chris T. A. Evelo, Johanna G. M. Oostendorp, Wil F. ten Berge, Paul J. A. Borm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This paper describes a physiologically based toxicokinetic model for 1,3-butadiene uptake, distribution, and metabolic clearance in mice. Model parameters for metabolic activity were estimated from the correspondence between computer simulation studies and experimental results as published in the literature. The parameterized model was validated with independent literature data. With the resulting model, the relative importance of lung metabolism as compared to metabolism in the liver increased with decreasing ambient air concentrations. This was due to saturation of metabolism in the alveolar area of the lung, which occurred in the simulations at ambient air concentrations well below current threshold limit values. At higher air concentration, liver metabolism became relatively more important. The tendency toward increased importance of lung metabolism at low doses indicates the necessity of careful extrapolation of in vivo results to low doses. Moreover, this trend may also contribute to species difference in susceptibility to the carcinogenic activity of butadiene.
THE MORBID ANATOMY OF ASTHENIO BULBAR PARALYSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term Mortality After Primary Prevention for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Thomas J. Bassler
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Editorial by Paul and Hennekens<sup>1</sup>ignores the importance of the landmark observations from Finland by Strandberg et al,<sup>2</sup>namely, that a trivial and temporary lowering of serum cholesterol concentrations doomed the subjects to long-term, increased mortality. What is called for is immediate, long-term follow-up data from all cholesterol-lowering trials to confirm these observations. When Muldoon et al<sup>3</sup>published their meta-analysis, they observed that the average length of follow-up was 4.8 years for the 12457 subjects of the six most important cholesterol-lowering trials. As we now know, 15 years are needed to document the real hazards of cholesterol reduction. Sixty million Americans have been targeted for cholesterol reduction. By projecting the Finland results onto this group, we estimate that 2 million lives could be lost if treatment is prescribed. And this increased mortality will not come cheap. The cost of cholesterol-lowering drugs for 60
Differential receipt of sentinel lymph node biopsy within practice-based research networks.
Authors: Anne-Marie Meyer, Katherine Elizabeth Reeder-Hayes, Huan Liu, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Dolly Penn, Bryan Weiner, William Ruffin Carpenter, Karyn Beth Stitzenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6104 Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer was introduced into clinical practice in the late 1990s as an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Provider-based research networks (PBRNs) are believed to promote diffusion of innovations like SLNB into clinical practice; however, evidence of this association is limited. This study examines the diffusion of SLNB for early-stage breast cancer through the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP), a community-based PBRN. Methods: We identified women undergoing breast conserving surgery with axillary staging for stage I or II breast cancer between January 2000 and December 2003 using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data (n=6,226). The primary outcome was receipt of SLNB vs. ALND, and exposure was care received from CCOP physicians or institutions between diagnosis and surgery. Exposure was quantified as both a binary measure of ever seeing a CCOP, and as a proportion of all their claims associated with a CCOP. Covariates included race, age, marital status, education, Medicaid eligibility, comorbidity, tumor grade, stage, estrogen receptor status, year of diagnosis, SEER region, and other institutional characteristics such as NCI center designation, cooperative group, and medical school affiliation. Multivariable generalized linear modeling with generalized estimating equations was used to measure association between CCOP exposure and receipt of SLNB. Results: Women who received a higher proportion of their care from a CCOP-affiliated physician or hospital were more likely to receive SLNB. A 10% increase in the proportion of CCOP-affiliated claims was associated with a greater odds of receiving SLNB (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.08, 1.20), after controlling for covariates. Similarly, sensitivity analysis of the binary indicator of CCOP exposure also showed greater odds of receiving SLNB (OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.01, 1.74). Conclusions: The quality of cancer care delivered in community settings can be influenced by provider-based research networks. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that community-based PBRNs can facilitate adoption of cancer innovations outside of academic medical centers.
Successful carotid endarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency. Nineteen-year follow-up
Authors: M. E. DeBakey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is believed to be the first successful case of thromboendarterectomy for cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by atherosclerotic occlusion of the carotid artery, as well as the longest follow-up study. At the time of the patient's death from coronary occlusion, 19 years after operation, he had no cerebrovascular symptoms, and there was clinical evidence of maintenance of the restored circulation in the carotid artery. (<i>JAMA</i>233:1083-1085, 1975)
Radical Mastectomy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN ABDOMINAL BANDAGE FOR PATIENTS WITH WHOOPING COUGH
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal