tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding use of medical cannabis: A national survey among israeli oncologists.
Authors: Dan Mirelman, Barliz Waissengrin, Noam Goldway, Ido Wolf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e23110 Background: Despite lack of clinical trials reporting on beneficial effects of the cannabis plant for cancer-associated symptoms, its use is increasing worldwide. Approximately 10,000 Israeli cancer patients receive permits for the use of medical cannabis, making cannabis one of the most commonly prescribed oncology treatments in Israel and making the Israeli oncologists highly experienced with its use. The experience gained by the Israeli oncologists is therefore highly valuable. Materials and Methods: We conducted a web-based survey among all 238 Israeli oncologists, addressing personal experience; knowledge and attitudes toward the use of cannabis in oncology. Results: Response rate was 54% (n = 126), with the vast majority (87%) regularly prescribing cannabis to their patients. Anorexia, pain and nausea were the most common indications for cannabis use. While 90% of responders stated lack of sufficient knowledge regarding cannabis, its use was perceived as effective and safe. Interestingly, while most oncologists stated that opioids should be used as a first line treatment for cancer pain, most would prefer cannabis for pain relief if needed by a close relative. Oncologists who support cannabis legalization were more likely to prescribe it. Conclusions: Our findings indicate extensive use and perception of efficacy despite lack of knowledge, and indicate unique role for moral attitudes affecting clinical decisions. These data call for the implementation of an educational program and practical guidelines enabling more consistent and rational approach toward cannabis role in oncology.
Role of host xanthine oxidase in infection due to enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic<i><i>Escherichia coli</i></i>
Authors: John K Crane
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been recognized as an important host defense enzyme for decades. In our recent study in Infection and Immunity, we found that enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (EPEC and STEC) were far more resistant to killing by the XO pathway than laboratory E. coli strains used in the past. Although XO plus hypoxanthine substrate rarely generated enough H2O2 to kill EPEC and STEC, the pathogens were able to sense the H2O2 and react to it with an increase in expression of virulence factors, most notably Shiga toxin (Stx). H2O2 produced by XO also triggered a chloride secretory response in T84 cell monolayers studied in the Ussing chamber. Adding exogenous XO plus its substrate in vivo did not decrease the number of STEC bacteria recovered from ligated intestinal loops, but instead appeared to worsen the infection and increased the amount of Stx2 toxin produced. XO plus hypoxanthine also increases the ability of Stx2 to translocate across intestinal monolayers. With regard to EPEC and STEC, the role of XO appears more complex and subtle than what has been reported in the past, since XO also plays a role in host-pathogen signaling, in regulating virulence in pathogens, in Stx production and in toxin translocation. Uric acid produced by XO may also be in itself an immune modulator in the intestinal tract.
Is microRNA-143 really a turncoat of tumor suppressor microRNA in hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma? #
Authors: Xiaoying Zhang, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We are happy to hear that our article has attracted attention and interest of other research groups. We are happy to discuss the concerns that they have raised regarding our manuscript. Below, we have provided a point-by-point response to the thoughtful questions presented by Dr. Yang's group. First, in our study, we did not observe microRNA-145 (miR-145) deregulation in 10-month-old transgenic mice samples using microRNA arrays. Thus, we did not concentrate on the role of miR-145 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in our subsequent experiments. In fact, there are a number of studies involving the inconsistent expression profiles of miR-143 and miR-145 in cancers, such as in pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer.1, 2 Moreover, miR-143 plays roles in adipocyte differentiation, in a process that was independent of miR-145.3 As for miR-145, it has p53REs (p53 response elements) in the miR-145 promoter that can be induced by p53, whereas miR-143 lacks these putative p53REs in the 10-kilobase DNA region upstream of has-miR-143 (http://jaspar.genereg.net), which means p53 has no direct impact on its expression, consistent with the report by He et al.4 Second, Dr. Yang asks if miR-143 is directly transcribed by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and kindly suggested performing a promoter-reporter assay to further support our conclusion. First, we believe that these questions are the precise questions that we were interested in answering from the very beginning of our study. Due to the word limits and in the interest of preparing a succinct manuscript, we did experiments to demonstrate that miR-143 is directly transcribed by the transcription factor NF-κB in accordance with the study of Li et al.5 From a methodological perspective, it would certainly be more convincing if we applied additional assays, such as a promoter-reporter assay or electrophoretic mobility-shift assay. Moreover, we certainly believe that there may be different indirect regulatory forces acting on hepatitis B x antigen (HBx), NF-κB, and miR-143 due to the multiple roles of NF-κB and HBx in HCC development. Third, Dr.Yang asked about the relationship of HBx, mir-143, and fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) expression patterns in HBV-related HCC. We have described these patterns in our article as follows: "HBV-negative HCC without metastasis, n = 5 …" Therefore, HBx is positive in all patients with HCC who have HBV infection; HBx is negative in all patients diagnosed without HBV infection. We have also explained miR-143 expression in Fig. 1B and FNDC3B expression in Fig. 4F. Xiaoying Zhang*, Shuhan Sun*, * Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Ice Cold
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Contents
Authors: Andreia Rosa, Ângela Miranda, Miguel Patrício, Colm Mcalinden, Fátima Silva, Joaquim Murta, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Michael Mahr, Jay Erie, Pravin Dugel, Glenn Jaffe, Peter Sallstig, James Warburton, Andreas Weichselberger, Mark Wieland, Lawrence Singerman, Ming Chui, Guan Peng, Kumari Ong, Pok Neelam, Yuan Tan, Paul Shi, Jin Wang, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Wong, Edwin Stone, Jeaneen Andorf, S Whitmore, Adam Deluca, Joseph Giacalone, Luan Streb, Terry Ba, Robert Braun, Todd Mullins, Val Scheetz, Budd Tucker, Mohammad Yazdanie, Jason Alvarez, Elvira Agrón, Wai Wong, Henry Wiley, Frederick Ferris, Emily Chew, Catherine Cukras, Inês Laíns, John Miller, Dong Park, Edem Tsikata, Samaneh Davoudi, Safa Rahmani, Jonathan Pierce, Rufino Silva, Teresa Chen, Ivana Kim, Demetrios Vavvas, Joan Miller, Deeba Husain, Rosa Dolz-Marco, Katie Litts, Anna Tan, K Freund, Christine Curcio, Sally Ong, Edward Buckley, Brooks Mccuen, Eric Postel, Tamer Mahmoud, Sandra Stinnett, Cynthia Drph, Lejla Toth, Prithvi Vajzovic, June Lee, Young Kim, Ki Park, Jin Jeoung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2017)
General practitioner prescribing costs.
Authors: R Scott
Journal: BMJ (1977)

the dopaminergic system.:'Thus the usual release of extrapyramidal overactivity by neuroleptics blocking dopamine receptors would be expected to occur less frequently in demented patients.In view of the con- siderable pressure, which is likely to increase in the future, on inadequate psychogeriatric services from an aging population the use of haloperidol should, I feel, be recom- mended as the drug of choice to help keep more elderly patients in the community.In 18 months, of 184 domiciliary visits, 40 were to demented patients (22 %); this re- flects the seriousness of this problem in general adult psychiatric practice in a representative urban community.
Virological response to interferon treatment in hepatitis C virus carriers with normal aminotransferase levels and chronic hepatitis
Authors: A Rossini
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with normal aminotransferase levels often show histological chronic hepatitis. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of interferon (IFN) in such patients. Nineteen HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase activities and chronic hepatitis were randomized to receive IFN-α2b (3 million units 3 times weekly for 12 months) or no treatment. Therapy was monitored by qualitative and quantitative determination of viral RNA. Patients who did not clear HCV RNA after 6 months discontinued therapy. In all, 9 patients constituted the control group, while 10 patients were treated. Five of these patients, still viremic after 6 months, stopped IFN. The remaining 5 patients, who cleared the viral RNA within 6 months, completed the 12-month course. Three of these patients relapsed off treatment, and 2 were still free of viremia 12 months after stopping therapy. A transient flare-up of aminotransferase activities was detected in 2 patients during treatment and in 3 patients after. None of the 9 control patients cleared the viral RNA during follow-up. A variable degree of sequence heterogeneity was detected in the hypervariable region before therapy, and IFN treatment decreased sequence diversity in all patients. These results indicate that IFN therapy can be effective in chronic HCV carriers with normal aminotransferase activities, inducing short-term virological response in 3 of 10 patients and sustained response in 2. The effects of treatment on viral load and quasispecies complexity were similar to those reported previously in patients with increased aminotransferase activities.
Recent Contributions to Adolescent Medicine
Authors: J. Roswell Gallagher, Felix P. Heald, Robert P. Masland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

Emotional and Behavioral ProblemsWithin recent years there has been an increasing interest among physicians in acquiring, and in medical centers in teaching, what may be called a psychotherapeutic approach. The intent is not to make doctors into psychiatrists but to give them a better understanding of dynamic psychology. In this context, as Bibring116 states, this approach "is a most helpful tool, providing insight into the patient and into oneself and increasing the doctor's skill within his own specialty by blending his medical knowledge with the understanding of the patient's personality and psychological needs." Bálint's117 recent book describes his experience . . .
Mode of delivery and survival in babies weighing less than 2000 g at birth
Authors: M L Smith, S A Spencer, D. Hull
Journal: BMJ (1981)

range improved from 23% in 1976 to 68% in 1979.It seems likely.that more caesarean sections were performed, especially in this extremely low birthweight group, during the latter years of the study.The fact that both vertex and breech delivery in the 750-1000 g group carry an equally high mortality rate when compared with caesarean section lends further support to the suspicion that many factors other than breech presentation are responsible for the differences in survival rate.This paper does not strengthen the case for a policy of caesarean section for all cases of breech presentation from 26 to 34 weeks.It does, however, lend further support to the case for a randomised controlled trial of caesarean section for preterm breech presenta- tion, which was called for in this journal in 1979.
In Vitro Characterization of DNA Adducts Formed by Foundry Air Particulate Matter
Authors: K. Savela, M. J. Kohan, D. Walsh, F. P. Perera, K. Hemminki, J. Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This study is part of an ongoing investigation of biomarkers in iron foundry workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic compounds.Foundry workers with the highest exposures had elevated levels of DNA adducts in their white blood cells in previous studies.The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of DNA reactive chemicals in foundry air samples through incubating the foundry filter extract with DNA and activation enzymes.Calf thymus DNA was incubated with foundry filter extract and activated by either rat liver activation mixture (S9 mix) or xanthine oxidase.A complex pattern of adducts was observed on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) by the 32P-postlabeling assay.Two selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-1-NPand anti(±)benzo[alpyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9, 1 0-epoxide [anti (±)BPDEI-DNA adducts-were used as marker compounds in characterizing the postlabeled DNA adducts by TLC combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).After an initial separation of DNA adducts by TLC, individual spots were isolated and separated further on HPLC.HPLC analysis and spiking with anti(±)BPDE-DNA standard confirmed the co-migration of the antil(±)BPDE-DNA standard with one PAH adduct formed by the S9 mix-activated DCM extract in calf thymus DNA.
HG-109CONTEMPORARY SURVIVAL ENDPOINTS: AN INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA REGISTRY STUDY
Authors: Tabitha Cooney, James League-Pascual, Adam Lane, Lindsey Hoffman, Ute Bartels, Eric Bouffet, Stewart Goldman, Sarah Leary, Nicholas Foreman, Roger Packer, Alberto Broniscer, Mark Kieran, Jane Minturn, Melanie Comito, Emmett Broxon, Chie-Schin Shih, Soumen Khatua, Murali Chintagumpala, Anne Carret, Tim Hassall, Nick Gottardo, Joshua Baugh, Brooklyn Chaney, Renee Doughman, James Leach, Blaise Jones, Maryam Fouladi, Michelle Monje, Kathy Warren
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)
The Inhibition of the Estrogenic Effects of Pesticides and Environmental Chemicals by Curcumin and Isoflavonoids
Authors: Surendra P. Verma, Barry R. Goldin, Peck S. Lin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

There is increasing evidence that some environmental chemicals can interrupt neurodevelopmental processes during critical periods of development, resulting in effects on sensory, motor, and cognitive function. It is now generally accepted that developing organisms are differentially sensitive to chemical exposure because of toxicokinetic and/or toxicodynamic factors. Regulatory mechanisms have been implemented to protect humans from over- or inappropriate exposures to environmental chemicals. Current regulatory practices, however, may be insufficient because of the possibility that some environmental chemicals interfere with endocrine function at key periods of neurodevelopment. In addition, a recent National Research Council (NRC) report on pesticide contamination in the diets of infants and children concluded that current regulatory practices may not sufficiently protect infants and children from the risk of pesticide exposure. The NRC report indicates that regulatory agencies might underestimate the actual exposure of infants and children to pesticides and rely too heavily on data from adults in the risk assessment of pesticides. Consideration of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the differential susceptibility of infants and children has led to identification of a number of information gaps and research needs that should be addressed in order to improve future risk assessments for these chemicals.
First Encounter
Authors: Daniel J. McCullough
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Furosemide compared with hydrochlorothiazide. Long-term treatment of hypertension
Authors: M. A. Araoye
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In a double-blind crossover study, the effectiveness of furosemide, 40 mg twice daily, was compared with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg twice daily, in hypertensive patients. Both hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide significantly reduced blood pressure (BP) during three months of therapy. However, the fall in BP was consistently greater with hydrochlorothiazide than with furosemide, although the difference was significant only with respect to systolic BP. The somewhat greater antihypertensive effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide may be related to its longer action permitting a more continuous diuretic effect and, hence, maintenance of reduced extracellular fluid volume throughout the 24-hour period. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1863-1866, 1978)
A survey of the law of medical practice. IV. Negligence in the practice of medicine
Authors: S. Shindell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

There is probably no subject in the field of legal medicine about which there is more concern and more misunderstanding than the legal action called "malpractice." To the average physician "the word malpractice is almost synonymous with quack, and its very mention will cause the physician to be wary. His reputation, his livelihood, his social position, and the entire medical profession are threatened when any suspicion of malpractice is aired... Malpractice charges are, to a physician, what disbarment proceedings are to a lawyer."<sup>1</sup> That this represents the feelings of the medical profession cannot be argued. Little objective evidence exists, however, to indicate the reasons for these feelings, and while the current norms of our profession can be characterized as an "aspiration to make the practice of medicine a rational, scientific endeavor,"<sup>2</sup>attempts to examine the issues involved in "malpractice" actions in an objective fashion are relatively rare. It
Somatostatin analogue, octreotide, reduces increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney size in insulin-dependent diabetes
Authors: O. Serri
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To determine whether treatment with a somatostatin analogue can reduce kidney hyperfiltration and hypertrophy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we studied 11 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and glomerular hyperfiltration. The patients were assigned randomly to receive continuous subcutaneous infusion of either octreotide, 300 μg/24 h (five patients) or placebo (six patients) for 12 weeks. At baseline, mean glomerular filtration rate and mean total kidney volume were not significantly different in the two groups. However, after 12 weeks of treatment, the mean glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in the octreotide group (136 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; range, 91 to 158 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) than in the placebo group (157 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; range, 138 to 184 mL/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). Furthermore, the mean total kidney volume was significantly lower after treatment in the octreotide group (379 mL/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; range, 307 to 454 mL/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) than in the placebo group (389 mL/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; range, 347 to 465 mL/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>). Glycemic control did not change significantly in either group. We conclude that subcutaneous infusion of octreotide for 12 weeks reduces increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney size in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the fact that glycemic control remains unchanged. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:888-892)
REMOVAL OF ADHESIVE PLASTER WITH GASOLINE
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal