tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manpower
Authors: R K F Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Memorizing time of an event may employ two processes (i) encoding of the absolute time of events within an episode, (ii) encoding of its relative order. Here we study interaction between these two processes. We performed experiments in which one or several items were presented, after which participants were asked to report the time of occurrence of items. When a single item was presented, the distribution of reported times was quite wide. When two or three items were presented, the relative order among them strongly affected the reported time of each of them. Bayesian theory that takes into account the memory for the events order is compatible with the experimental data, in particular in terms of the effect of order on absolute time reports. Our results suggest that people do not deduce order from memorized time, instead people’s memory for absolute time of events relies critically on memorized order of the events.
Nicotinamide increases biosynthesis of ceramides as well as other stratum corneum lipids to improve the epidermal permeability barrier
Authors: O. Tanno, Y. Ota, N. Kitamura, T. Katsube, S. Inoue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Stratum corneum lipids, particularly ceramides, are important components of the epidermal permeability barrier that are decreased in atopic dermatitis and aged skin. Objectives We investigated the effects of nicotinamide, one of the B vitamins, on biosynthesis of sphingolipids, including ceramides and other stratum corneum lipids, in cultured normal human keratinocytes, and on the epidermal permeability barrier in vivo. Methods The rate of sphingolipid biosynthesis was measured by the incorporation of [14C]-serine into sphingolipids. Results When the cells were incubated with 1–30 μmol L−1 nicotinamide for 6 days, the rate of ceramide biosynthesis was increased dose-dependently by 4·1–5·5-fold on the sixth day compared with control. Nicotinamide also increased the synthesis of glucosylceramide (7·4-fold) and sphingomyelin (3·1-fold) in the same concentration range effective for ceramide synthesis. Furthermore, the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid synthesis, was increased in nicotinamide-treated cells. Nicotinamide increased the levels of human LCB1 and LCB2 mRNA, both of which encode subunits of SPT. This suggested that the increase in SPT activity was due to an increase in SPT mRNA. Nicotinamide increased not only ceramide synthesis but also free fatty acid (2·3-fold) and cholesterol synthesis (1·5-fold). Topical application of nicotinamide increased ceramide and free fatty acid levels in the stratum corneum, and decreased transepidermal water loss in dry skin. Conclusions Nicotinamide improved the permeability barrier by stimulating de novo synthesis of ceramides, with upregulation of SPT and other intercellular lipids.
Amer Journal of Medical Electronics, New York
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of the asymptomatic patient with an abnormal exercise ECG
Authors: L. J. Laslett
Journal: JAMA (1984)

EXERCISE testing is a commonly performed method of cardiovascular evaluation useful for a number of purposes, including assessment of the probability of the presence of coronary artery disease. This interpretation is based on the ECG response to exercise, which has used ST-segment alteration as an indicator of myocardial ischemia. Clinicians have become a great deal wiser over the last several years in properly interpreting and applying the information gained from this test. Of particular significance is an increasing appreciation of the fact that a simple "positive" or "negative" result of an exercise ECG is not, per se, an indicator of the presence or absence of disease, but rather a factor to be considered together with other information about the patient in determining his likelihood of having significant coronary disease.<sup>1</sup>Thus, the not uncommon situation of an individual with no symptoms of coronary disease demonstrating ischemic-type ST-segment depression during exercise
Fundamentals of Clinical Orthopedics.
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Update: Fatal and Severe Liver Injuries Associated With Rifampin and Pyrazinamide Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Reports of fatal and severe liver injury associated with treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with the drug combination rifampin and pyrazinamide (RZ) prompted CDC to issue revised guidelines for the use of this regimen on August 31, 2001. To determine if these revised guidelines were effective in reducing morbidity and mortality, CDC has continued to collect reports on adverse effects associated with this regimen. This update summarizes the results of this ongoing investigation.
Capistrano Revisited
Authors: Warren Kump
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Consider for a moment a bird whose name has become a household word in the 20th century, the barium swallow. Cousin of the bismuth swallow hatched in Walter Cannon's laboratory, he is as white as the great arctic owl, although less airworthy. He is a bland, but gritty fellow with an atomic weight of 137, and his nickname is ambiguity. The point of this is that the world would be a better place if the barium swallow were extinct. His name on any x-ray film requisition prompts a flurry of telephone calls until the most appropriate of his many aliases can be established in the case at hand. Barium-swallow-with-four-views-ofthe-heart usually means cardiac fluoroscopy, but who can be sure? Barium swallow sometimes means esophagram. Sometimes it means gastrointestinal tract study or even small bowel study. In any case we wish he had never been conceived. He has generated
Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis: have programmes improved because patients have?
Authors: E Giannini
Journal: Gut (2002)

<h3>Summary</h3> Ammonium uptake at plant roots is regulated at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Phosphorylation by the protein kinase CIPK23 transiently inactivates the ammonium transporters (AMT1s) but the phosphatases activating AMT1s remain unknown. Here, we have identified the PP2C phosphatase ABI1 as an activator of AMTs in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We show that high external ammonium concentrations elevate the stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) by de-glycosylation. Active ABA is sensed by ABI1-PYL complexes followed by the inactivation of ABI1 activating CIPK23. Under favourable growth conditions, ABI1 reduces AMT1 phosphorylation, both by binding and inactivating CIPK23, and by the direct dephosphorylation of AMT1s. Thus, ABI1 is a positive regulator of ammonium uptake, coupling nutrient acquisition to abiotic stress signalling. Elevated ABA reduces ammonium uptake during stress situations, such as ammonium toxicity, whereas ABI1 reactivates AMT1s under favourable growth conditions.
Present Status of Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Arthur Selzer, Robert W. Popper, Francis Y. K. Lau, John J. Morgan, William L. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

MANY changes have occurred in the field of laboratory diagnosis of cardiac disease within the past few years. The growth of cardiac surgery has placed increasing demands upon precise diagnostic evaluation of patients. Cardiac-catheterization laboratories have been organized not only in large university medical centers but also in many smaller hospitals. At the same time, however, the introduction of new equipment and technics has altered the scope and horizon of such laboratories. First, the introduction of relatively safe methods of catheterization of the left side of the heart and the aorta broadened the field of physiologic studies. Then, angiocardiography, originally . . .
Author Name Change
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews," published in the June issue of JAMA Cardiology, 1 a conversion factor for a 1-mmol/L reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the Table and text was erroneously listed as 40.6 mg/dL instead of 38.7 mg/dL.In the first column of the Table, the third entry under Statins should have read, "Major vascular events per 38.7 mg/dL of LDL cholesterol level reduction."In the Statins subsection of the Results section in the text, the last sentence of the Efficacy and Cardiovascular Benefits subsection should have read, "Treatment effects standardized per 38.7-mg/dL reduction in levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol were also reported by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration 38 for all-cause mortality (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97)and major vascular events (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.80)."This article was corrected online.
Continuous heparin infusion requirements. Diagnostic and therapeutic implications
Authors: T. M. White
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the relation between hourly heparin sodium requirements and the presence or absence of thromboembolic disease (TED). Twelve patients with verified TED required 1,696±394 units/hr (mean±SD), and nine patients without disease required 1,033±343 units/hr of continuous heparin sodium to attain a target-activated partial thromboplastin time. The requirements in relation to body weight were 25±4 units/kg/hr for the 12 with verified TED and 15±3 units/kg/hr for the nine without disease. These data support the conclusion that a patient's heparin requirements are related to the presence or absence of TED and suggest the diagnostic importance of heparin requirements; large requirements coincide with active TED, and lesser requirements suggest absence of a thromboembolic process. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2717-2720, 1979)
Air Force football injuries. A clinical and statistical study
Authors: M. L. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A clinical and statistical study of football injuries at an overseas air force base recorded 290 injuries. Of these, 111 were major football injuries. The knee was the most frequently injured area, and sprains were the most frequent type of disabling injury. Thirty-eight players were hospitalized, 22 players were operated upon, and 65 players received injuries such that they were unable to finish out the season. There were no deaths. The number of players competing was 465. There were 34 games among five teams during the 20-game 1965 season and the first 14 games of the 1966 season. The classification of these injuries and their grading by degree of severity is accomplished through the use of the<i>AMA's Standard Nomenclature of Athletic Injuries</i>.
La Litiasis Biliar en la República Argentina.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sawmill Chemicals and Carcinogenesis
Authors: James Huff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Workers in wood industries are exposed to variable medleys of chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Additional exposures include fungi, bacteria, bark and wood dusts, solvents, paints, and various other wood coatings. These individual and conglomerate exposures have been associated with diverse occupational illnesses and hazards, including cancers. In this commentary, I summarize both experimental and epidemiologic carcinogenesis results for several chemicals used in the wood industry, as well as for wood dust. Working in the wood industries entails excess risks of cancers, among other diseases and workplace injuries. A key to preventing occupationally and environmentally associated cancers, as in the wood industries, is avoiding exposures to chemicals and wood dusts and, in particular, chemicals known to cause cancer in animals or/and humans.
Abstract 2529: Chromosome 2 and Vascular Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Emilie C Viel, Ernesto L Schiffrin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Microvascular inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution of chromosome 2 (chr2) to vascular inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that transfer of chr2 from normotensive rats (Brown Norway - BN) to hypertensive rats (Dahl salt-sensitive - SS), a model known as a consomic strain (SSBN2), allows recovery of the normal inflammatory response that might be altered in SS compared to BN. Results showed that SS rats exhibited a higher blood pressure than BN and SSBN2 (181±5 vs 122±12 and 154±11 mmHg respectively). Using ELISA-luminex assay, plasma cytokine levels (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα) were increased in SS ( P &lt;0.001) compared to BN. SSBN2 exhibited reduced plasma IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 level compared to SS. To identify vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contribution to cytokine production, the time-course of expression of cytokine mRNA and cytokine secretion in cultured VSMCs in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) was evaluated. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNFαproduction were not measurable in VSMCs from any strain. IL-6 production increased with AngII in a time-dependent manner in BN and SSBN2 but not in SS. Interestingly, IL-2 levels were higher ( P &lt;0.001) in SS than in BN and SSBN2. IL-2 protein levels were not affected by AngII. These observations demonstrate that chr2 plays a role in blood pressure regulation and systemic inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats. Furthermore, secretion of IL-2 by the microvasculature in salt-sensitive hypertensive rats is modulated by chr2. In conclusion, chr2 is involved in the vascular response of IL-2, and may play an important role in vascular inflammation in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Effect of Prolonged Solar Radiation on Melanocytes of Human Epidermis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defibrillation
Authors: W. A. Tacker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We do not agree with the opinion that high-energy defibrillators or the Pantridge defibrillator are particularly expensive, since both types of units are now available at reasonable costs. Also, it should be made clear that the Pantridge defibrillator is not limited to a lowenergy capability. It delivers 357 watt-seconds (W-sec) into a 50-Ω load (<i>Health Devices</i>, July 1976, p 199). The difference in high-energy and lowenergy techniques is that we advocate adequate energy to defibrillate on the first attempt, whereas Pantridge advocates repeated low-energy defibrillation attempts with cardiopulmonary resuscitation between shocks. We would also like to point out that in our article (<i>Journal of Clinical Investigation</i>53:310, 1974) we do not make any recommendations about use of dc capacitor discharge energy. We refer in that article to damped sinusoidal waveforms, which are vastly different than the waveform used by Kouwenhoven (<i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>7:253, 1954).
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage of Children Aged 1–5 Years Who Had Never Been to a Dentist,* by Age and Year — National Health Interview Survey,<sup />United States, 2006–2016
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

During 2006-2016, the percentage of children aged 1-5 years who had never seen a dentist decreased as age increased. In 2016, 80.2% of children aged 1 year, 49.7% of children aged 2 years, 28.6% of children aged 3 years, 18.3% of children aged 4 years, and 6.8% of children aged 5 years had never seen a dentist. For all ages, the percentage of children who had never seen a dentist declined from 2006 to 2016.
LUXEMBOURG
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laboratory to study micronutrients, cancer risk as part of chemoprevention efforts
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IF EATING habits can have an impact on cardiovascular risk, some investigators hypothesize, perhaps the same is true for cancer. The National Cancer Institute (NCI), which obviously thinks this hypothesis is worth pursuing, launched a cancer prevention program almost six years ago (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247: 1799-1802) and now is bolstering its commitment. The institute is establishing a 60-person laboratory devoted primarily to researching the role that certain micronutrients such as vitamins and essential minerals play in reducing the risk of cancer. According to Daniel W. Nixon, MD, the newly appointed associate director of the cancer prevention research program, annual funding for the laboratory will be $8 million to $12 million. Previously, the program spent about $5 million annually to support 20 different clinical trials. Nixon says a search of the scientific literature indicates there are at least 200 substances that warrant investigation. Of those, he says, probably about 90 will be
General principles of criminal law
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PRIOR to examination of the specific procedures involved in criminal law, several basic philosophical principles that affect all the proceedings in a criminal case should be noted. <h3>Presumption of Innocence</h3> One basic assumption that is made at all stages of a criminal case is that the accused is presumed innocent until a verdict is given by a jury (or a judge in the case of a nonjury trial). While most persons charged with a criminal offense eventually plead guilty either to the offense as charged or to a lesser one, until such time as the final disposition of the case is made, the "accused" is just that; he is not a "criminal." This assumption is responsible for most of the constitutional guarantees regarding the rights of an accused. The founding fathers who wrote the Bill of Rights wished to ensure that the rights of persons accused were protected, and that