tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diesel Exhaust Particles Suppress Macrophage Function and Slow the Pulmonary Clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in Rats
Authors: Hui-Min Yang, James M. Antonini, Mark W. Barger, Leon Butterworth, Jenny R. Roberts, Joseph K. H. Ma, Vince Castranova, Jane Y. C. Ma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) may increase susceptibility of the host to pulmonary infection. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of DEP (5 mg/kg), carbon black (CB, 5 mg/kg), or saline intratracheally. Three days later, the rats were inoculated intratracheally with approximately 5,000 Listeria monocytogenes and sacrificed at 3, 5, and 7 days postinfection, and we determined the number of viable Listeria in the left lobe of lungs. The remaining lungs underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and the retrieved BAL cells were identified and counted. Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, a measure of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, generated by BAL cells was monitored and the levels of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] produced by macrophages in culture were determined. At 7 days postinfection, we excised the lung-draining lymph nodes and phenotyped the lymphocyte subpopulations. Exposure of rats to DEP, but not to CB, decreased the clearance of Listeria from the lungs. Listeria-induced generation of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by pulmonary phagocytes decreased by exposure to DEP but not CB. Similarly, Listeria-induced production of NO by alveolar macrophages was negated at 3, 5, and 7 days after inoculation in DEP-exposed rats. In contrast, CB exposure had no effect on Listeria-induced NO production at 3 days after infection and had a substantially smaller effect than DEP at later days. Exposure to DEP or CB resulted in enlarged lung-draining lymph nodes and increased the number and percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. These results showed that exposure to DEP decreased the ability of macrophages to produce antimicrobial oxidants in response to Listeria, which may play a role in the increased susceptibility of rats to pulmonary infection. This DEP-induced suppression is caused partially by chemicals adsorbed onto the carbon core of DEP, because impaired macrophage function and decreased Listeria clearance were not observed following exposure to CB.
M-mode errors in determination of left ventricular mass are greater with increasing cavity size and wall thickness: An MRI study Michael L. Chuang, Carol J. Salton, Kraig V. Kissinger, Daniel Levy, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Warren J. Manning. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Mechanisms of glove tears and sharp injuries among surgical personnel
Authors: J. G. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The development of strategies to prevent exposure to blood for operating room personnel has been hampered by a lack of knowledge about the specific mechanisms of exposure. The purpose of this study was to classify the mechanisms of glove tears and sharp injuries in the operating room. <h3>Design.</h3> —During a 3-month period, a nurse interviewed operating room personnel immediately after a glove tear or sharp injury had occurred. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Yale-New Haven (Conn) Hospital is a tertiary care teaching hospital. <h3>Results.</h3> —There were 249 glove tears and 70 sharp injuries. Visible skin contact with the patient's blood occurred in 156 glove tears (63%). The mechanism causing the tear could be identified in only 81 (33%). For 230 glove tears (92%), personnel were wearing single gloves. Of 70 sharp injuries, 47 (67%) were caused by needles and usually occurred during suturing. The following three mechanisms accounted for 40 sharp injuries (57%): (1) hands injured while stationary and holding an instrument, 11 (16%)—a position of risk not previously identified; (2) hands injured while retracting tissue, 12 (17%); and (3) injuries caused by sharp instruments not being used, 17 (24%). Instrument passage caused only four sharp injuries (6%). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The majority of glove tears have an unknown mechanism, and alteration in the manufacture or number of gloves worn may be helpful in reducing cutaneous blood exposures. The identification of specific mechanisms of sharp injuries should lead to effective strategies to prevent exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne pathogens in the operating room. (JAMA. 1991;266:1668-1671)
Transmission of Infection by Endoscopy
Authors: Marcia Hardick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 September 1993Transmission of Infection by EndoscopyMarcia Hardick, MD, Marjorie Beck, MD, and Nancy Shoop, MDMarcia Hardick, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Marjorie Beck, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Nancy Shoop, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (SGNA) is a 20-year-old organization of 7000 registered nurses and other health care providers. Much of our practice involves the use, maintenance, and reprocessing of endoscopic equipment.The SGNA first published recommended guidelines for the care of endoscopic equipment in 1978. The most recent update was in 1990. In 1992, SGNA added an accountability statement to ensure strict adherence to cleaning and reprocessing procedures. Nowhere in Spach and colleagues' article [1] is there reference to SGNA's guidelines or to those of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.Our Product Utilization ...References1. Spach DH, Silverstein FE, Stamm WE. Transmission of infection by gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:117-28. Google Scholar2. Gorse GJ, Messner RL. Infection control practices in gastrointestinal endoscopy in the United States: a national survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1991; 12:289-96. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5Page: 440-441KeywordsBiopsyCell biologyDisinfectionEndoscopyHealth careHealth care providers Issue Published: 1 September 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Senility and Longevity in Goiter and Endemic Cretinism
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Percutaneous Transfemoral Right Atrial Aortography
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Finding Ways to Cut Drug Costs
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply:
Authors: Abhisek Mitra, Jeffry Cutrera, Lopa Mishra, Shulin Li
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Based on our findings, it is conclusive that interleukin (IL)-30 reduces inflammation-induced liver injury; however, the exact mechanisms are not clear.1 One possible mechanism as described in Dr. Fujita's letter is that IL-30 inhibits the IL6-gp130-STAT3 pathway because IL-30 binds to gp130 and inhibits IL-6–induced STAT3 activation.2 As indicated by Dr. Fujita, such an explanation may conflict with the fact that the IL6-gp130-STAT3 pathway also protects the liver.3 To solve this paradox, we offer the following explanation. First, IL-30 binding to gp130 and inhibiting IL-6 signaling is only reported in CD4+ T cells in vitro,2 whereas IL-6–mediated liver protection primarily occurs in hepatocytes in vivo.3 Signaling through 2 different types of cells will not antagonistically prevent liver injury. One could argue that IL-30 should bind to gp130 in hepatocytes if binding to T cells, resulting in an antagonistic effect on IL-6 in hepatocytes; however, there is no evidence to support this argument. Further evidence is needed to support the in vitro observation that IL-30 binds to gp130. Second, IL-30 inhibits the IL-6 plus TGFβ-induced IL-10 production in vitro,2 but IL-30 treatment neither increases nor reduces IL-10 level in serum in mice (unpublished data). Finally, the published data indicate that a physiological level of IL-6 may be beneficial to protect from liver injury,3 whereas overexpression of IL-6 may lead to liver inflammation (injury).4 Dr. Fujita also suggests that IL-30 and EBI3 competitively bind to T cell cytokine receptor (TCCR) resulting in inhibition of inflammation. This competitive binding-dependent anti-inflammation is unlikely because IL-30 inhibits IL-12–mediated liver toxicity in both EBI3−/− and TCCR−/− mice.1 In conclusion, IL-6 might act toward hepatoprotection, but the application for protecting liver injury from therapeutics for cancer patients may be prohibited because a higher level of IL-6 in the serum is associated with reduced cancer patients' survival.4 Furthermore, administration of recombinant IL-6 in cancer patients caused toxic effects such as hepatoxicity.5 Contrary to these examples, IL-30 reduces the toxicity of IL-12 (a cancer therapeutic) treatment in mice.1 Abhisek Mitra Ph.D.*, Jeffry Cutrera Ph.D.*, Lopa Mishra M.D. , Shulin Li Ph.D.*, * Department of Pediatrics Research, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
Lipogenesis
Authors: Samuel Gurin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IN the field of lipid synthesis, knowledge is still scanty and rudimentary. Although the conversion of carbohydrate to fat by the living organism has been known to biologists for years, the intervening metabolic steps involved are almost completely unknown. For that matter, little is known about the individual chemical reactions concerned with either the oxidation of fatty acids or their biosynthesis.It has become apparent that the investigator studying the details of such processes must work with as simple a system as possible and, even more important, must attempt to isolate the individual enzyme systems involved in these complex biochemical . . .
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Anticoagulation After First Episode of Pulmonary Embolism 31To assess the optimal duration of anticoagulation after a fi rst episode of unprovoked pulmonary embolism, Couturaud and colleagues randomly assigned 371 patients to receive an additional 18 months' treatment with warfarin or placebo after completion of 6 months' treatment with a vitamin K antagonist.The authors report that compared with placebo, extended treatment with warfarin reduced the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism or major bleeding during the 18-month treatment period-a benefi t not maintained when anticoagulation therapy was discontinued.
Lyme Disease
Authors: Thomas F Castiglione
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 32-year-old pregnant woman from southeastern Connecticut presents to her physician in July at 26 weeks' gestation because of a skin lesion.She reports she has had fatigue, arthralgia, and headache for 2 days and a rash in her left axilla for 1 day.She lives in a wooded area and works in her garden frequently.Six weeks earlier, she had removed a small tick that was attached behind her right knee.On physical examination, she is afebrile.She has an erythematous, oval macular lesion, 7 to 8 cm in diameter, in her left axilla, with enhanced central erythema; no other abnormalities are noted.How should her case be managed? THE CLINICAL PROBLEM][6][7] The lesion may have centrally located vesicles or necrotic areas (Fig. 1B).5][6][7] Erythema migrans lesions may occur anywhere on the body surface, although common sites are the groin, axilla, waist, back, legs, and, in children, the head and neck.5][6][7] An erythema migrans-like skin lesion can also
POSTOPERATIVE PNEUMONIA
Authors: HERMAN ELWYN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In recent years, the subject of postoperative pneumonia has received more and more the attention which it deserves. Especially important among the communications on this subject are those by Whipple<sup>1</sup>and by Cleveland,<sup>2</sup>from the Presbyterian Hospital in New York; Cutler and Morton,<sup>3</sup>and Cutler and Hunt,<sup>4</sup>from the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and Mandl<sup>5</sup>from Hochenegg's clinic in Vienna. All these papers review the literature, and the one by Cutler and Hunt gives a complete bibliography. These papers are interesting not only for their presentation of the statistical incidence of postoperative pneumonia, but also for the ideas which the authors express as to the cause of this complication. Whipple found ninety-seven cases of postoperative pneumonia, or 2.3 per cent., following 3,719 operations; Cleveland, sixty-five cases, or 3.3 per cent. of 1,940 cases; Cutler and Hunt, sixty-three cases of pulmonary complications, or 3.92 per
THE PIGMENT OF THE URINE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contribution of Birth Defects to Infant Mortality—United States, 1986
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Second International Symposium on the Surgery and Biology of the Greater Omentum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Second International Symposium on the Surgery and Biology of the Greater Omentum Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 1, January 1986, Page 165, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.1.165-c Published: 01 January 1986
Conference explores ethics of animal research with critical thinking and balanced argument
Authors: D. F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE CONFRONTATION last month in Prince Georges County, Maryland, between AIDS activists and animal rights activists—resulting in the arrest of several of the former and reiterated demands for an end to biomedical research that involves animals by the latter—is a recent skirmish in an ongoing battle. The use of animals in research, testing, and teaching in the United States has increased greatly since it began in the late 1800s. Although such practices peaked in the 1970s and have been gradually decreasing in the United States, they are seen by many people as another example of technology-dependent science that has turned a deaf ear toward ethical and environmental concerns. At issue are such concerns as the degree of pain and suffering felt by non-human experimental subjects, the ecological consequences of removing higher-order animals from their communities, and the increasing use of genetic engineering without due consideration for the welfare of
Obesity and alcohol intake modify the impact of genetic variants on the risk for incident liver disease in the general population
Authors: Panu Luukkonen, Martti Färkkilä, Pauli Puukka, Antti Jula, Veikko Salomaa, Satu Männistö, Annamari Lundqvist, Liisa Valsta, Markus Perola, Fredrik Åberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Small Medical College Helps Mold Future of Rural Practice
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new physician supply policy is needed
Authors: E. Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE PUBLICATION of "Estimates of Physician Requirements for 1990 for the Specialties of Neurology, Anesthesiology, Nuclear Medicine, Pathology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Radiology: A Further Application of the GMENAC Methodology" (p 2623) covering six specialties that were not included in the original GMENAC report is a reminder that the findings of Dr Alvin Tarlov and his legion of collaborators remain on the nation's health agenda. There are many important questions about the future supply of physicians that warrant attention by members of the profession and its leaders. These include the determination of whether an oversupply threatens or is already here; the criteria for reaching a judgment about the adequacy of the supply; the extent to which factors on the demand side, eg, pressures to reduce reimbursement or the growing number of the elderly, will affect physicians' work loads; conflicts with nurse practitioners and nonmedical providers over "turf"; the rate
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: W. G. NELSON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access Genes and Cancer Desmond Carney , Karol Sikora , eds. New York : John Wiley & Sons , 1990 . 348 pp., illus. $49.50. WILLIAM G. NELSON WILLIAM G. NELSON Johns Hopkins Oncology Service600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 2, 15 January 1992, Page 123, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.2.123 Published: 15 January 1992