tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT), a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, tested the efficacy of cholesterol lowering in reducing risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in 3,806 asymptomatic middle-aged men with primary hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia). The treatment group received the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine resin and the control group received a placebo for an average of 7.4 years. Both groups followed a moderate cholesterol-lowering diet. The cholestyramine group experienced average plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reductions of 13.4% and 20.3%, respectively, which were 8.5% and 12.6% greater reductions than those obtained in the placebo group. The cholestyramine group experienced a 19% reduction in risk (p less than .05) of the primary end point--definite CHD death and/or definite nonfatal myocardial infarction--reflecting a 24% reduction in definite CHD death and a 19% reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarction. The cumulative seven-year incidence of the primary end point was 7% in the cholestyramine group v 8.6% in the placebo group. In addition, the incidence rates for new positive exercise tests, angina, and coronary bypass surgery were reduced by 25%, 20%, and 21%, respectively, in the cholestyramine group. The risk of death from all causes was only slightly and not significantly reduced in the cholestyramine group. The magnitude of this decrease (7%) was less than for CHD end points because of a greater number of violent and accidental deaths in the cholestyramine group. The LRC-CPPT findings show that reducing total cholesterol by lowering LDL-C levels can diminish the incidence of CHD morbidity and mortality in men at high risk for CHD because of raised LDL-C levels. This clinical trial provides strong evidence for a causal role for these lipids in the pathogenesis of CHD.
Vaccination Against Measles: a Study of Clinical Reactions and Serological Responses of Young Children
Authors: Lagercrantz Medicl, Ulla Arfwidsson, Birgitta Noren, Britt Akestad, Miss Britt-Marie, D Kempe, Wilson Smith, D Evans, W Gaisford, C Harris, J Stevenson, K Mccarthy, C Miller, Alan Moncrieff, Ian Sutherland, F Perkins
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Finally, it may be of interest to note that the ratio of comple- ment-fixation to haemagglutination-inhibition or neutralization titres seemed to remain stable over the eight-month period studied, unlike what has been reported after natural measles (Stokes et al., 1961), or after immunization with live vaccine (Stokes et al., 1962), in which cases a drop in complement- fixation titres relative to neutralization titres were observed.Whether or not this apparent difference is significant will be elucidated by further follow-up studies. SummaryA group of children vaccinated with three monthly doses of a formalin-killed vaccine at the age of i to 2 years were (a) submitted to clinical and serological follow-up analyses 22 to 23 months after vaccination, (b) given a fourth dose of either formalin-killed vaccine or purified haemagglutinin prepared from Tween-ether-treated material, and (c) followed during an additional period of eight months.In addition to the previously reported four cases of mainly mild measles among 15 children exposed to natural measles two more cases appeared among five children exposed during 22 to 23 months after vaccination.One case was associated with pneumonia of doubtful aetiology, and one was a mild case with slight fever and a faint rash.In 25 out of 26 children (96%) haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies in a titre >10 were detectable 22 to 23 months after vaccination, and there was a twofold decrease in titre since the nearest previous follow-up analysis, 14 months earlier.Two to four weeks after revaccination the geometric mean haemagglutination-inhibition titre of the group of 14 children given formalin-killed vaccine had increased 35 times, whereas the corresponding figure for a group of 14 children given Tween-ether vaccine was 100.There was a good correlation with neutralizing and complement-fixation titres.Six weeks later the mean haemagglutination-inhibition titre had been reduced 5.5-fold in the formalin-killed group and 2.4-fold in the Tween-ether group.No further reduction in titres could be detected during the next six months.The mean haemagglutination-inhibition titre eight months after revaccination was 600 in the group of children given formalin-killed vaccine, and 7,800 in the group given Tween-ether vaccine.
Allergic Reactions to Indoor Air Pollutants
Authors: Meryl H. Karol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Inhalation of airborne chemicals can result in allergic sensitization with episodic pulmonary responses occurring on subsequent exposures. Responses may occur in the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis), the lower respiratory tract (wheeze, bronchospasm) or systemically, for example, a febrile response. The mechanisms underlying these responses are not always clear but include production of reaginic antibody, activation of T-lymphocyte subsets, and release of spasmogenic and inflammatory mediators from pulmonary cell populations. A variety of agents have been associated with elicitation of these reactions including chemical vapors, dusts and particulates, and microbial organisms. As a result of the widespread occurrence of allergy in indoor environments, conditions conducive to development of allergy have received close attention. Agent-related factors include the nature of the chemical, its concentration, and the frequency and length of exposure to the agent. Host-related factors include the sex, age, and race of the host, as well as the general physical well being. The interactive nature of the host's immune system with the environment is the ultimate determinant of allergic disease.
Fatal Effects of Anticoagulant Therapy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Handbuch der inneren Sekretion: Eine umfassende Darstellung der Anatomie, Physiologie und Pathologie der endokrinen Drüsen.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quarterly J Studies on Alcohol, New Haven
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Toxic Effects of Lead on Neuronal Development and Function
Authors: Robert Freedman, Lars Olson, Barry J. Hoffer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The effects of lead on the development of the nervous system are of immediate concern to human health. While it is clear that lead can affect neuronal development at levels of exposure within the range found in the environment, the particular mechanism of the disruption is not readily ascertained. Lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of lead-induced damaged hampers its treatment and prevention. The goal of our research is to develop a model system in which the effects of lead on central nervous system development can be demonstrated. The complexity of the brain hampers such investigations because often it is not clear if apparent toxic effects represents changes secondary to somatic changes, such as endocrine or hematological defects, that could alter brain development, or even transneuronal effects caused by toxicity at a distal site that deprives a brain area of a synaptic input needed for its proper development. A related problem is the redundancy of compensatory systems in the brain. Such system may disguise the severity of the initial toxic insult and themselves can cause functional disturbances. To study neuronal development in a system that minimizes such difficulties, we have grafted discrete brain regions derived from rat fetuses into the anterior chamber of the eye of adult hosts. The brain pieces continue organotypic development of the eye, but are isolated from possible secondary changes due to alterations in the development of the endocrine and other somatic systems because the adult host has these systems already fully developed. Similarly, effects mediated by connecting brain areas are minimized since the transplant is isolated in the anterior chamber of the eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authors' reply
Authors: I. Abubakar, M. E. Kruijshaar
Journal: Thorax (2010)

the reduction in the efficacy of IL-5 at 1 ng/ ml reflects the capacity of this higher concentration to induce eosinophil adhesion (figure 1C).IL-5 preincubation before the addition of each GC caused a concentrationdependent inhibition of the proapoptotic effects of these compounds (figure 1DeF).This occurred without any significant shift in the GC concentrationeresponse curves, suggesting non-competitive antagonism.This is the first demonstration of the proapoptotic capacity of FF in eosinophils and confirms the high potency of this compound compared with DEX.Despite this higher potency, IL-5 could still over-ride the proapoptotic effects of FF, suggesting that the IL-5 transduction pathway has GCresistant elements. 5 Whether this can be modulated by strategies to overcome resistance such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors is as yet unclear. 1 In conclusion, this study suggests a mechanism underlying poor responsiveness of eosinophils to GCs and may help define therapeutic approaches to overcome GC resistance.
Evaluation of a laboratory system intended for use in physicians' offices. I. Reliability of results produced by trained laboratory technologists
Authors: R. Belsey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The accuracy and precision of the Kodak DT-60 tabletop chemistry analyzer were evaluated in the clinical laboratory at the Portland (Ore) Veterans Administration Medical Center, and its operational throughput and cost were estimated. All DT-60 tests that were studied exhibited clinically acceptable precision and, except for the glucose method, accuracy. The accuracy of the glucose method was indeterminate with the available data. Throughput under field conditions was found to be less than half of the manufacturer's claim. The estimated supply cost per test could vary from $1.20 to $5.49 per test, depending on the test type and the number of assays expected to be performed daily. The instrument seems to be accurate, precise, and generally reliable when operated by professional medical technologists. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:353-356)
Accuracy and reproducibility of precordial percussion and palpation for detecting increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and mass. A comparison of physical findings and ultrafast computed tomography of the heart
Authors: P. S. Heckerling
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of indirect definitive precordial percussion in detecting increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness (LVEDWT), and to compare it with palpation of the apical impulse. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Hospitals and clinics of a university medical center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Convenience sample of 103 patients (62 men and 41 women) referred for ultrafast computed tomography (CT) of the heart. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Percussion dullness distance from the midsternal line in the left fourth through sixth intercostal spaces, distance of the apical impulse from the midsternal line, and apical impulse diameter in the left lateral decubitus position were measured on all patients. Measurements of LVEDV, LVM, and LVEDWT were taken using ultrafast CT of the heart. Investigators performing the physical diagnostic maneuvers were blinded to the clinical history and CT results, and investigators performing the CT scans were blinded to physical findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Percussion dullness distance in the left fifth intercostal space was the best discriminator of LVEDV (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area, 0.680; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.547 to 0.813), and dullness distance in the left sixth intercostal space was the best discriminator of LVM and LVEDWT (ROC areas, 0.831, 95% Cl, 0.674 to 0.988; and 0.849, 95% Cl, 0.651 to 0.999, respectively). A percussion dullness distance of greater than 10.5 cm in the left fifth intercostal space detected increased LVEDV or LVM with a sensitivity of 91.3% (95% Cl, 70.5% to 98.5%) and a specificity of 30.3% (95% Cl, 19.9% to 43.0%). There was moderate concordance between investigators for percussion dullness distance (κ, 0.57; 95% Cl, 0.18 to 0.96). In patients in whom an impulse was palpated, an apical impulse diameter of greater than 3.0 cm in the left lateral decubitus detected increased LVEDV or LVM with a sensitivity of 100% (95% Cl, 77.1% to 100%) and a specificity of 40% (95% Cl, 23.2% to 59.3%). However, an impulse was palpable in only 53% of cases and showed only slight interobserver reproducibility (κ, 0.18; 95% Cl, 0.0 to 0.58). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Indirect definitive percussion of the precordium is a sensitive and moderately reproducible maneuver for excluding cardiomegaly due to increased LVEDV or LVM. Although measurement of apical impulse diameter was also sensitive in excluding cardiomegaly, lack of a palpable impulse in many patients and low precision between physicians may limit its utility in clinical practice. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1943-1948)
Commentary
Authors: Manuel Perez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2020)

Patients with surgically resected pancreatic or gastric adenocarcinoma presenting with biliary strictures raise concerns about recurrent malignancy. Cholangioscopy is the most accurate diagnostic approach. However, surgically altered anatomy hampers retrograde biliary access in these patients. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy is possible, but inconvenient and rarely performed for diagnosis. In this report, Rosa et al. were able to exclude malignancy in a Roux-en-Y gastrectomy patient by using peroral transhepatic cholangioscopy with biopsies via an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticojejunostomy. After tract maturation, a disposable baby-cholangioscope was passed antegradely into the bile duct.
Tuberculosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity
Authors: J. R. Pickleman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

JEJUNOILEAL bypass has proved to be an effective means of achieving weight loss in morbidly obese individuals refractory to less drastic weight reduction measures. Widespread acceptance of this treatment, however, has been limited by early and remote complications related to the surgical procedure or the catabolic state induced. Electrolyte deficits of calcium, magnesium, and potassium, vitamin deficiencies, oxalate kidney stones and gallstone formation are some of the well-recognized metabolic sequelae.<sup>1,2</sup>Equally disturbing have been the reports of progressive fatty infiltration of the liver, sometimes culminating in cirrhosis.<sup>3-6</sup>Recently we became aware of two patients in whom tuberculosis developed after jejunoileal bypass surgery. This complication has not been previously reported, to our knowledge. Two hundred jejunoileal bypass patients were available for study at the Loyola University Medical Center and its affiliated hospitals. All patients had been operated on at least six months previously and had been seen regularly since
Table of contents
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Cover Figure: Jude Uzonna and coworkers (page 620) show that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a role in the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis.Leishmania donovani (arrows) infect and replicate within HSCs in vivo leading to production of cytokines and expansion of Tregs.H&E staining (left panel) and confocal image (right panel) of leishmania infected HSCs stained for nucleus (blue), L. donovani (green) and a-SMA (red).368 Transfusing Common Sense Instead of Blood Products Into Coagulation Testing in Patients With Cirrhosis: Overtreatment 6 ¼ Safety
"The Code."
Authors: W. P. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Doubtless there are many good men in favor of revision, but I believe each of these good men will admit that they have been benefited by adhering to the Code, and I believe that most of these good men will say that no man was ever injured in reputation by adhering to the Code. Now if it is true that the Code will benefit all of its adherents and at the same time injure none of them, it ought not to be changed in any way. Ever so small a change in a<i>perfect</i>instrument may make it useless. When a patient is doing well on any special treatment, the prudent doctor will hesitate before making a change. The same principle applies in all things.<i>Sometimes</i>a change makes the patient improve faster, but this is the exception, not the rule. The strongest reason outside the above,
Hostage
Authors: A. E Tournay
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Bang! Bang! Bang! It sounded like someone hitting a tea tray on a table, until I remembered that I was on the wrong side of the Atlantic for consultants to be served with tea and biscuits and screaming voices made me realise that the sounds were gunshots. My fellowship training in paediatric neurology entailed seeing some adult patients, and I had been called to consult in the emergency room at University of Southern California Medical Center, the largest acute care hospital in the United States, at midday on 8 February 1993. “Get out! He's shooting doctors!” someone yelled. Then a man's voice: “I don't want nurses, I want doctors! I want white coats.” The patient and I crouched on the floor. I was dressed in scrubs—white coats upset my paediatric patients—and I threw my ID badge under the examination couch. Footsteps approached and the cubicle curtain was swept back to reveal a gun pointed at me by a tall, stocky man in combat gear with his other arm round the neck of a female file clerk. “You're a doctor, aren't you?” he shouted. I told him that I was a nurse. “Don't give me that. You're a doctor.” I waited for the bullet. Then, “You're British. I like British. I like ‘Are you being served.’” He asked us to get up. I told him the woman was a patient and that she needed to leave. He agreed and drew handcuffs from his pocket and shackled my right hand to the clerk's left, then led us on a search of the emergency room, looking for doctors to shoot. > ![Graphic][1]</img> “He's shooting doctors!” My previous rotation had been at a neurorehabilitation centre, which had given me ample insight into the damage caused by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
THE RELATION OF SMOKE TO SICKNESS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple myeloma: 2011 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management by S. Vincent Rajkumar Am. J. Hematol. 2011;86:57–65, DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21913Multiple myeloma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management by S. Vincent Rajkumar Am. J. Hematol. 2012;87:79–88, DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22237Multiple myeloma: 2013 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management by S. Vincent Rajkumar Am. J. Hematol. 2013;88:225–235, DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23474
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

The creatinine value in Table 1 Definition of Myeloma in these three articles should read "0.173 mmol/L" instead of "1.73 mmol/L".The value in conventional units given in parenthesis is correct.We apologize for any confusion this error might have caused.