tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Cover
Journal: JAMA (2003)

METHOD ALONE," REMARKED WILLIAM OSLER IN 1901, "can many problems in medicine be approached profitably." 1 By the time I started medical school, my program had abandoned its history of medicine course for a monthly lecture series.This made sense.Faced with the explosion in knowledge of molecular and clinical science, there was not enough time in the day to study the past.After all, history is not essential to the day-to-day practice of medicine.And, given that physicians used to treat fever with leeches and hysteria with surgery, our history is often embarrassing.Yet I wonder if I would have been better served had I studied history in my preclinical years.Like most physicians, I have used the phrase "the patient is a poor historian."I wonder if we should more accurately admit that we "took a poor history." 2 According to one poet, "One might say, though we are told not to, that the patient is a poor historian/We are told instead that we are the historian, and that if/A poor historian is present, he is often wearing scrubs or a stethoscope." 3ne could argue that patients are never poor historians, only more or less reliable sources of information.It is the role of the physician to be a historian-to collect evidence and weigh competing sources of information against one another.The historical method is part of the craft of medicine.As Sapira 4 puts it, "Simply to write down or to recite a gaggle of true statements is not to compose a history.The facts must be placed in a form that makes them informative.Many medical schools 'teach' by having the students memorize a large number of facts.But these schools do not teach the students how to decide what a fact is, or how to collect facts in a useful and informative manner."The purpose of this issue is to demonstrate the importance of the historical method in understanding current clinical problems.In this issue of MSJAMA, David Schuster reviews the history of the diagnosis of neurasthenia-an illness that reminds us that medical diagnoses are shaped by cultural factors as well as by science.In an account that resonates with our current dilemma over vaccination against bioterrorism threats, Elise Lipkowitz describes the smallpox vaccination debate in 18th-century France.Continuing this discussion on the balance between public health and individual choice, George Joseph tells us about the legacy of the 1905 US Supreme Court case Jacobson v Massachusetts, which upheld the right of the government to order compulsory vaccination.All of these authors teach us something about how to interpret and narrate history.
Predicting Outcome From Hypoxic-Ischemic Coma-Reply
Authors: David E. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We were aware of the possibility that a self-fulfilling prophecy might have influenced our data. Although we did not communicate findings to physicians in our hospitals, Hart and colleagues correctly point out that "conventional" wisdom could have led to premature withdrawal of care in some patients. We think, however, that this did not exert a major influence on our results.<sup>1</sup> To estimate the magnitude of this potential problem, we have reanalyzed the data for patients with preserved or absent pupillary light reflexes on the initial examination. One would expect patients with absent pupillary light reflexes to die more rapidly than those with preserved reflexes for at least two reasons: (1) a poorer clinical condition and (2) the possibility of premature withdrawal of care. Fifty-two of 53 patients with absent pupillary reflexes died within the first month, and 112 of 157 patients with preserved reflexes also died within
Safer and Healthier Foods—1900-1999
Journal: JAMA (1999)

During the early 20th century, contaminated food, milk, and water caused many foodborne infections, including typhoid fever, tuberculosis, botulism, and scarlet fever. In 1906, Upton Sinclair described in his novel The Jungle the unwholesome working environment in the Chicago meat-packing industry and the unsanitary conditions under which food was produced. Public awareness dramatically increased and led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act. Once the sources and characteristics of foodborne diseases were identified--long before vaccines or antibiotics--they could be controlled by handwashing, sanitation, refrigeration, pasteurization, and pesticide application. Healthier animal care, feeding, and processing also improved food supply safety. In 1900, the incidence of typhoid fever was approximately 100 per 100,000 population; by 1920, it had decreased to 33.8, and by 1950, to 1.7 (Figure 1). During the 1940s, studies of autopsied muscle samples showed that 16% of persons in the United States had trichinellosis; 300-400 cases were diagnosed every year, and 10-20 deaths occurred. Since then, the rate of infection has declined markedly; from 1991 through 1996, three deaths and an average of 38 cases per year were reported.
Author Correction: The reproducibility crisis in the age of digital medicine
Authors: Aaron Stupple, David Singerman, Leo Anthony Celi
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2019)

In the original version of the published Article, there was a sentence fragment prior to the last sentence under the subheading “Reproducibility and digital medicine” which stated “Some journals, such as PLOS ONE, have made an early”. To improve clarity, the sentence fragment has been removed. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the Article.
Cutaneous Endometriosis
Authors: Willard D. Steck
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A clinicopathologic study of cutaneous endometriosis in 82 patients includes 28 lesions of the umbilicus, 42 of the lower abdominal wall, and 12 in the inguinal area, labia, and perineum. With the exception of five endometriomas of the inguinal area, every lesion occurred in a scar. Twenty-one arose without a preceding operation in the physiologic scar of the umbilicus, and 56 in surgical scars. The umbilical lesions were too precisely located to be logically explained by lymphatic spread, unless only the cells that find scar tissue are able to proliferate. Cesarean-section scars of 26 patients were involved, indicating a vastly greater incidence of endometriosis in cesarean scars than previously reported. This either casts doubt on the theory of transplantation as the usual pathogenetic mechanism for the lesions in surgical scars, or suggests that the endometrium of pregnancy is easier to transplant than is commonly believed.
A randomized phase II trial of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion and systemic chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with resected hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.
Authors: N. E. Kemeny, W. R. Jarnagin, M. Capanu, Y. Fong, A. Gewirtz, R. P. DeMatteo, M. I. D'Angelica
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3557 Background: To determine whether intravenous bevacizumab (Bev) added to adjuvant systemic chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) after liver resection increases recurrence free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints are evaluation of overall survival and toxicity. Methods: Patients with resected liver metastases were randomized to HAI plus systemic therapy with or without Bev after stratification by clinical risk score and previous chemotherapy. RFS of ≥ 80% at 1 year in the Bev group would be considered worthy of future study. The initial dose of HAI FUDR 0.12 mg/kg plus dexamethasone was infused over the first 2 weeks of a 5-week cycle. Systemic chemotherapy was delivered on days 15 and 29 with oxaliplatin (oxal) at 85 mg/m2, 5FU 48-hour continuous infusion dose at 2,000 mg/m2 and bolus LV at 400 mg/m2 (if patient received prior oxal, irinotecan at 150 mg/m2 was used). Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Results: After randomization of 73 patients, study was terminated early due to signs of increased toxicity and lack of improvement in efficacy in the Bev arm. The study's two arms had similar patient characteristics (Table). With a median follow-up of 26 months, the 1-year RFS is 65% (Bev arm) and 83% (non-Bev) (log-rank test p-value=0.15); 4 year RFS is 31% and 45%, respectively. The 4-year survival is 87% (Bev arm) and 91% (non Bev) (log-rank test p-value=0.7). Biliary toxicity was increased in Bev arm, including biliary stenting in 4/35 (Bev arm), and 0/38 (non Bev) (p=0.05). Conclusions: The addition of bevacizumab toadjuvant HAI and systemic therapy after liver resection does not increase RFS or survival and appears to cause increased biliary toxicity. Patient characteristics HAI + SYS (n=38) HAI + SYS + Bev(n=35) P value(reported if significant at 0.05 level) Synchronous 66% 63% 3 or more lesions 68% 49% Prior liver surgery/RFA 5% 17% RFA at time of pump placement 16% 14% CRS ≥ 3 50% 46% Post-op CEA > 5 21% 20% Largest diameter ≥ 5 18% 17% Prior oxal 79% 69% Kras mutated 28% 21% Toxicity Diarrhea 8% 17% Alk phos ≥ 2-fold increase 16% 31% Bili > 3 0% 14% 0.02 Stents 0% 11% 0.05 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech
Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials
Authors: K. K. Teo
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the effects of prophylactic therapy with antiarrhythmic agents on mortality in patients with myocardial infarction. <h3>Data Sources and Study Selection.</h3> —Data were obtained from all completed, published or unpublished, randomized, parallel controlled trials of antiarrhythmic agents, regardless of sample size. Investigators were contacted for data on patients excluded after randomization. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Data on mortality were extracted by one author and confirmed where necessary by the others. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Mortality data from 138 trials on 98 000 patients were combined by the Yusuf-Peto adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel method. There were 660 deaths among 11 712 patients allocated to receive class I agents and 571 deaths among 11 517 corresponding control patients (51 trials: odds ratio [OR], 1.14;95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.01 to 1.28;<i>P</i>=03). Of 26 973 patients allocated to receive β-blockers (class II agents), 1464 died compared with 1727 deaths among 26 295 control patients (55 trials: OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.87;<i>P</i>=.00001). Of 778 patients allocated to receive amiodarone (a class III agent), 77 died compared with 101 deaths in 779 control patients (eight trials: OR, 0.71; 95% Cl, 0.51 to 0.97;<i>P</i>=.03). There were 982 deaths in 10 154 patients allocated to receive a class IV agent (calcium channel blockers) and 949 deaths in 10 188 control patients (24 trials: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14;<i>P</i>=.41). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The routine use of class I antiarrhythmic agents after myocardial infarction is associated with increased mortality. β-Blockers have been conclusively demonstrated to reduce mortality. The limited data on amiodarone appear promising. Data on calcium channel blockers remain unpromising. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1589-1595)
LECTURE ON SUBCUTANEOUS BLOOD-INJECTIONS, SALT WATER INFUSION, AND INTRAVENOUS TRANSFUSION.
Authors: H. von ZIEMSSEN
Journal: JAMA (1887)

(Concluded from page 39.) The effect of simple addition of fluid after loss of blood, as in cholera, etc., has, according to observations made thus far, been very considerable, and we must therefore notice this important fact. Hitherto transfusion has been used in by far the greater num ber of cases of severe haemorrhage which threatened life. It was assumed that death from hÆmorrhage was due to the loss of the carriers of oxygen, and on this account transfusion was done. But in place of this<i>physiological</i>reason for haemorrhagic death, Goltz has now brought forth the<i>physical</i>reason, "the emptying of the pump works" (das Leergehen des Pumpwerkes), in which he teaches that the heart can only set the blood vessels in motion by a certain degree of tension in the vascular system. Hence it is deficiency of fluid which causes death. Accordingly, Kronecker and Sancltr showed by experiments
Disconnected
Authors: Perri Klass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

It was one of those oh-no moments: I had lost a patient and I wanted to rewind the clock and start over. I don't mean lost to the Grim Reaper — just to the great wide world. I had sent a baby and his mother out after a clinical encounter and then needed to get hold of them but couldn't. We tend to think we've all become much more accessible than we used to be — every family member with a cell phone, an e-mail address, maybe an iPhone or a Blackberry — but on the other hand, we no . . .
Minds and Machines
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Interacting over the telephone with a machine, rather than a person, by listening to a menu of recorded voice options and responding by pressing numbers on a push-button telephone has become one of the realities defining life in the current era. Experiencing these interactive voice response (IVR) systems can be frustrating if the menu doesn't lead to a satisfactory result, but the convenience and continuous around-the-clock availability of such systems are major advantages, and dissatisfied users may forget that having direct access to a person at the other end of the line doesn't guarantee a good outcome. See also p 905. The use of computer-automated IVR systems is also expanding into one of the most personal areas of human experience—the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders.<sup>1</sup>The use of computerized systems for collecting data and administering rating scales<sup>2</sup>on mental health topics seems straightforward enough, but there has even
Incorrect Hazard Ratio in Figure 2
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Sabine Tejpar, MD; Sebastian Stintzing, MD; Fortunato Ciardiello, MD; Josep Tabernero, MD; Eric Van Cutsem, MD; Frank Beier, PhD; Regina Esser, MSc; Heinz-Josef Lenz, MD; Volker Heinemann, MD
Heart Disease and Stress—Does a Correlation Exist?
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nets
Authors: Dorian Kotsiopoulos
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE USE OF CARBON TETRACHLORID FOR THE REMOVAL OF HOOKWORMS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION ANNUAL SESSION, ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 1942
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clonal Phylogeny and Evolution of Critical Cytogenetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma at Single Cell Level
Authors: Yuting Yan, Xiaoqi Qin, Lanting Liu, Shuhui Deng, Jiahui Liu, Huishou Fan, Weiwei Sui, Fu Mingwei, Xue-Han Mao, Zhen Yu, Dehui Zou, Lugui Qiu, Gang An
Journal: Blood (2020)
WHAT SHALL WE TEACH THE PUBLIC REGARDING VENEREAL DISEASES?
Authors: ALBERT E. CARRIER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It seems to me that the answer to this question should be that required of a witness in a court of law, viz., to tell the truth, to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth. It has been our custom in the past to tell a part of the truth only in regard to venereal infections, to apologize for not telling the whole truth, and to cover what we did tell with a coloring that has robbed these affections of their appalling nature. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, and our profession is evidencing this in its efforts for better sanitary methods, better hygiene, the isolation of contagious diseases, and in educating the masses how to avoid contraction of these affections. The object sought by these efforts is the reduction of the death rate. The enormous sums of money spent to reduce the death
Abstract 1843: Centrifugal Organization and Rate Step-Down: A Novel Method for Identification of Potential Drivers in Human Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David E Krummen, John R Bullinga, Sanjiv M Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Drivers have been shown in animal models of AF as regions where fibrillation rate and organization step-down to surrounding regions. However, sites of interest in human AF have typically been identified by high AF rate alone or by complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAE), which may explain the suboptimal ablation success at these sites. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a potential driver of human AF should exhibit high rate and organization with ‘local control’, i.e. centrifugal step-down to neighboring sites. Methods: In 17 patients (age 63±9 y; 9 persistent) prior to AF ablation, we analyzed AF rate and organization simultaneously between 64 left atrial (LA) basket electrodes and electrodes in pulmonary veins (PV), coronary sinus (CS) and right atrium. At each electrode, we spectrally measured AF cycle length (CL) and organization (PAR), and visually quantified fractionation for 8.192 second AF epochs. Results: We analyzed 6687 electrode-epochs. Sites of rapid AF were ubiquitous, but met criteria for a single driver in only 7 patients. Unlike sites of rapid AF rate alone which were often mixed with sites of both high and low rate, potential drivers showed an organized and step-wise fall in rate and organization with distance from that site (p=0.005) in persistent and paroxysmal AF. In persistent AF, CL rose from 138±25 ms at driver sites (n=5) to 194±10 ms at neighbors (p&lt;0.05) and organization fell in a parallel organized fashion with distance (p&lt;0.05). Drivers lay at CS and LA roof but not PVs. In paroxysmal AF, 4 of 6 drivers lay near or within PVs. Notably, only one third of drivers were at or adjacent to regions showing fractionation (CFAE). Conclusions: Simultaneous multi-site analysis identified a potential AF driver with local control of AF rate and organization in 41% of patients, lying within or near PVs in paroxysmal but not persistent AF, and relating inconsistently to electrogram fractionation. Future work should identify multiple co-existing drivers, and determine if ablating such sites improves outcome.