tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee
Authors: J. L. Vincent
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the prevalence of intensive care unit (ICU)—acquired infections and the risk factors for these infections, identify the predominant infecting organisms, and evaluate the relationship between ICU-acquired infection and mortality. <h3>Design.</h3> —A 1-day point-prevalence study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Intensive care units in 17 countries in Western Europe, excluding coronary care units and pediatric and special care infant units. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients (&gt;10 years of age) occupying an ICU bed over a 24-hour period. A total of 1417 ICUs provided 10 038 patient case reports. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Rates of ICU-acquired infection, prescription of antimicrobials, resistance patterns of microbiological isolates, and potential risk factors for ICU-acquired infection and death. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 4501 patients (44.8%) were infected, and 2064 (20.6%) had ICU-acquired infection. Pneumonia (46.9%), lower respiratory tract infection (17.8%), urinary tract infection (17.6%), and bloodstream infection (12%) were the most frequent types of ICU infection reported. Most frequently reported microorganisms were Enterobacteriaceae (34.4%),<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(30.1%; [60% resistant to methicillin]),<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>(28.7%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (19.1%), and fungi (17.1%). Seven risk factors for ICU-acquired infection were identified: increasing length of ICU stay (&gt;48 hours), mechanical ventilation, diagnosis of trauma, central venous, pulmonary artery, and urinary catheterization, and stress ulcer prophylaxis. ICU-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 2.29), clinical sepsis (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.71 to 7.18), and bloodstream infection (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.41) increased the risk of ICU death. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —ICU-acquired infection is common and often associated with microbiological isolates of resistant organisms. The potential effects on outcome emphasize the importance of specific measures for infection control in critically ill patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:639-644)
Vertebral Sarcoidosis
Authors: Seymour S. Cutler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

OSSEOUS lesions occur in about 14%<sup>1</sup>of patients with sarcoidosis and, characteristically, involve the small bones of the hands and feet. Lesions involving the long bones, large joints, pelvis, skull, and vertebral bodies have been described, but they are rare. We believe this to be the fourth patient with sarcoidosis of the cervical spine. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the Long Island College Hospital on July 23, 1976, because of progressive radicular neck pain, anorexia, weight loss, fatigability, and shortness of breath, which were sufficiently severe to prevent her from working as a typist. There was no hemoptysis, cough, fever, chills, or night sweats. There was no history of tuberculosis in her family. She was born in New York and never traveled. She was fairly well nourished, pale, and had normal vital signs. There were bilateral small, nontender, cervical and inguinal lymph nodes. There
Trends in Primary and Secondary Syphilis and HIV Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men—San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, 1998-2002
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Because syphilis infection facilitates acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), recent outbreaks of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in major U.S. cities, including San Francisco and Los Angeles, and reported increases in sexual risk behavior have raised concerns about potential increases in HIV transmission. In 2002, MSM accounted for the majority of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis cases in men reported in San Francisco (93%) and Los Angeles (81%). To investigate a potential change in HIV incidence associated with the syphilis outbreaks in the two cities, local, state, and federal health officials analyzed data from HIV counseling and testing centers and a municipal sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. This report describes the results of that investigation, which indicated that, as of 2002, the outbreaks of syphilis had not had a substantial impact on HIV incidence among MSM in these two cities. However, the continued increase in syphilis cases in MSM underscores the need for integrated HIV- and STD-prevention strategies to control syphilis outbreaks and prevent potential increases in HIV infections (6,7) and for further systematic studies of HIV incidence among MSM infected with syphilis.
New Models Spur Virology Studies
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer. An in vitro study
Authors: B. S. Danes
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has been increasing steadily in the United States and other industrialized nations. Its obscure etiology and difficult early diagnosis tend to hobble effective control programs. Innovative methods, such as biomarkers, might provide clues to its inevitable occurrence in high-risk individuals. We studied a family in which four individuals manifested pancreatic cancer verified through two generations. Cell cultures from split-thickness skin biopsy specimens were obtained for 24 members from three generations (17 bloodline relatives, seven family members by marriage) as well as ten nonfamily normal subjects, none with a family history of solid tumors. One of the constant features of human monolayer dermal cultures has been diploidy. Hyperdiploidy, other than tetraploidy, has been rarely observed in cultures from normal subjects without a family history of solid tumors. We observed increased in vitro hyperdiploidy in eight of 17 family members studied. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2798-2802)
Hexachlorobenzene as a Possible Major Contributor to the Dioxin Activity of Human Milk
Authors: Angelique P. J. M. van Birgelen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A cohort study was undertaken of 2119 workers from Denmark who were potentially exposed to phenoxy herbicides. The workers were from two factories that produced phenoxy herbicides since 1947 and 1951, respectively. They had been employed either in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicide or in the manual service functions. The main product was 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). From 1947 to 1993 the 2119 workers had a slightly lower overall cancer incidence than the Danish population (observed = 204; expected [Exp] = 234.23; standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8-1.0). Four soft-tissue sarcoma cases were observed (Exp = 2.47; SIR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.4-4.1). All four cases occurred among men from Kemisk Vaerk Køge (Exp = 1.68; SIR = 2.38; 95% CI = 0.7-6.1). There were six cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Exp = 5.07; SIR = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.4-2.6) and no significantly elevated risk of other cancers. Based on small numbers, the study suggests an association between the exposure to MCPA and related phenoxy herbicides and the risk of soft-tissue sarcoma. The study does not indicate a risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after exposure to these phenoxy herbicides or a risk of other cancer diseases.
Likelihood Ratios to Determine 'Does This Patient Have Appendicitis?': Comment and Clarification
Authors: K. Witt, M. Makela, O. Olsen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —At the Second Nordic Workshop on How to Practice Evidence-Based HealthCare, the article by Dr Wagner and colleagues entitled "Does This Patient Have Appendicitis?"<sup>1</sup>was used as the basis for the discussion groups on the issue of how to use an article about a diagnostic test. The sensitivities and specificities listed in Table 3 of that article do not correspond with the listed likelihood ratios (LRs) if we use the usual method of LR calculation.<sup>2,3</sup>For example, the first LRs for right lower quadrant pain in Table 3 are given as 7.31 to 8.46 (positive LR) and 0 to 0.28 (negative LR). When calculated using the sensitivity and specificity data given, the positive LR, calculated as (sensitivity/[1-specifity]), becomes 0.81/0.47, or 1.72; the negative LR ([1-sensitivity]/specificity) is 0.19/0.53, or 0.36. Similar lower LRs were found for the entire Table 3. This means that the power
Renal Columns
Authors: Zachary David Levy, Alison Rose Ohringer, Bruce Haight
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Numerals on Graphs
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>The Nervous System and its Constituent Neurones.</i>D. Appleton and Company, 1899. 8vo., 1121 pages, 676 illustrations, 2 colored plates. By Lewellys F. Barker, M. B., Tor., Associate Professor of Anatomy, The Johns Hopkins University, and Asst. Resident Pathologist, The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Authors: C. R. B.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1900)
Mercury Risk at Day Care Center
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 783: miR-375 downregulates VEGFA via YAP1-EBRR2 pathway in esophageal cancer
Authors: Shuchang Ren, Xiaohui Tan, Xiaoling Wu, Tao Chen, Patricia Latham, Sidney W. Fu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC), including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC), is one of the deadliest cancers with extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. Diagnostic methods for EC mainly include endoscopy, barium swallow and ultrasound, which are either invasive or lack of sensitivity and specificity at early stages. Therefore, the development of a non-invasive and reliable diagnostic method with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial in improving early detection, diagnosis and treatment. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes by directly binding to target mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner. The aim of this study is to identify novel miRNA biomarkers for EC diagnosis. By cross-referencing our data with others’ from NCBI, we identified a list of dysregulated miRNAs in EC, including miR-375. We assessed the expression of miR-375 in EC cell lines and tissues using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found that miR-375 expression is significantly decreased in human EC cell lines (KEYS-70, KEYS-180, FLO-1 and JHU-ad1) compared to the normal esophageal squamous cell line, Het-1A. Using microdissection technique, we isolated normal epithelium, dysplasia, and invasive EC components from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue followed by qRT-PCR analysis. Decreased expression of miR-375 was detected in 12 of 14 EC tissue samples (86%) compared to the matched normal tissues. MTT and Matrigel invasion assay demonstrated that forced expression of miR-375 suppressed the proliferation and invasion in EC cell lines. TargetScanS and miRanda were used to identify potential target genes of miR-375, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and YES-associated protein (YAP1), both of them act as oncogenes in EC development. Interestingly, forced expression of miR-375 resulted in significantly reduced expression of human vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) gene, which is a downstream target gene of YAP1/ERBB2 pathway involving in tumor angiogenesis in EC cell lines. More functional analysis is under way. These findings suggest that miR-375 may act as a tumor suppressor, and could serve as a marker for EC diagnosis and management. Citation Format: Shuchang Ren, Xiaohui Tan, Xiaoling Wu, Tao Chen, Patricia Latham, Sidney W. Fu. miR-375 downregulates VEGFA via YAP1-EBRR2 pathway in esophageal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 783.
Ariel's flight. The death of Sylvia Plath
Authors: N. J. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

EARLY in the morning, during a London winter so chill that the water pipes had frozen in her flat, a 30-year-old woman took two pitchers of milk and some bread up to her two young children so they would have food in the morning, returned to the stark blue-whiteness of her kitchen, lay down to rest with her head in a gas oven, and died. Sylvia Plath, so intelligent and efficient and sensitive, did everything exceptionally well, including both living and dying. Yet beneath the false bravado she felt "like Hell." Just prior to her death she wrote a small body of poems, published posthumously in the volume<i>Ariel</i>, of astonishing pain and power which has already become a modern classic. They portray aspects of the private world of mental illness that led to her unexpected death. Her suicide was a tragedy in the true—not the popular sentimental—sense, for she
The economic implications of rasburicase treatment in pediatric tumor lysis syndrome patients
Authors: K. O'Day, M. Eaddy, B. Seal, K. M. Tangirala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

10050 Background: Rasburicase is a recombinant urate-oxidase enzyme used to reduce high levels of plasma uric acid (UA) resulting from tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in pediatric patients. Rasburicase reduces UA levels within 4 hours of administration, minimizing risk of serious complications from TLS. Although the efficacy of rasburicase has been demonstrated in clinical trials, there are few studies that have evaluated the economic implications of using rasburicase rather than allopurinol, the current standard of care. Methods: Pediatric patients administered rasburicase or allopurinol within 2 days of hospital admission were eligible for study inclusion. Patients were excluded if they were ≥ 18 years of age or received hemodialysis on admission. Patients receiving allopurinol or combination therapy were then propensity score matched to rasburicase patients based on gender, race, hospital type, provider type, payer type, admission source, use of electrolyte modification therapy, critical care admission, and comorbid diagnoses. Differences in healthcare costs, length of stay, and duration of subsequent critical care were assessed using gamma distributed generalized linear models with a log link function. Results: There were 63 allopurinol and 63 rasburicase patients matched in the analysis. The mean age of the sample was 7.4 years, with 27% being female. There were no statistical differences in matched covariates across the cohorts. Rasburicase patients incurred an average of $30,470 per hospitalization compared to $35,165 for allopurinol patients (p = 0.427). Mean length of stay was not statistically different across the cohorts, averaging 14 days. Duration of critical care was significantly lower for rasburicase (1.4 days) when compared to allopurinol (2.5 days, p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Treatment with rasburicase is associated with similar costs and a lower duration of critical care when compared to allopurinol therapy. [Table: see text]
Determinants of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Methylmercury Exposure in Inuit Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Gina Muckle, Pierre Ayotte, Eric Dewailly, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The objectives of this study were to to identify maternal characteristics associated with traditional food consumption and to examine food items associated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury body burden in pregnant Inuit women from Northern Québec. We interviewed women from three communities at mid-pregnancy and at 1 and 11 months postpartum. We measured PCBs, Hg, and selenium in maternal blood; Hg was also measured in maternal hair. The women reported eating significant amounts of fish, beluga muktuk/fat, seal meat, and seal fat. Although consumption of fish and seal was associated with lower socioeconomic status, consumption of beluga whale was uniform across strata. Fish and seal meat consumption was associated with increased Hg concentrations in hair. Traditional food intake during pregnancy was unrelated to PCB body burden, which is more a function of lifetime consumption. This study corroborated previous findings relating marine mammal and fish consumption to increased Hg and selenium body burden. Despite widespread knowledge regarding the presence of these contaminants in traditional foods, a large proportion of Inuit women increased their consumption of these foods during pregnancy, primarily because of pregnancy-related changes in food preferences and the belief that these foods are beneficial during pregnancy.
I have come to the United Kingdom after finishing my residency in internal medicine in the United States to join my husband, who is a specialist registrar in obstetrics and gynaecology. I finally had my training approved by the Joint Commission on Higher Medical Training as equivalent to basic specialist training in the UK, and I am therefore eligible for General Medical Council registration provided I get a job offer in medicine. In view of the current situation for foreign doctors and …
Authors: Manoj Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
Table of contents
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Cover Figure:CReP deletion causes constitutive eIF2a phosphorylation in the liver, which leads to activation of the ATF4 transcriptional program, including increased FGF21 production.FGF21 production in the liver of CReP LKO mice promotes multiple benefi cial eff ects on metabolism, including increased beige adipogenesis, energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity, as well as decreased adiposity, plasma lipids and liver steatosis.See article on page 2167.