tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-007 Two Phase Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (Pact) Combined with Germinant Therapy Effectively Treats Clostridium Difficile and their Spores that are Resistant to Antibiotics
Authors: M A Butt, L De Sordi, G Yahioglu, C Moose, S Battah, I Stamati, M Deonarain, E Allan, P Mullany, L B Lovat
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Approximately 20% of patients with <i>Clostridium difficile (CD)</i> infection relapse after initially effective treatment. These typically occur 3–10 days after cessation of standard antibiotic therapy with vancomycin or metronidazole. Some patients relapse 2 or even 3 times, each requiring additional courses of antibiotics. The general consensus is that relapse occurs either because <i>CD</i> had not been completely eradicated by the antibiotics, or because spores are resistant to killing. Several days post-antibiotics, surviving spores transform into active bacterial forms again which multiply to produce toxins again. This study aimed to combine PACT, which we have shown to be effective against <i>CD</i>, with a novel strategy called germinant therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Germinant therapy with two phase PACT was evaluated against the hypervirulent R20291 strain of CD with photosensitisers (PS) we have found to effectively kill CD from earlier studies. Plates containing CD were treated with a single PACT treatment, pre and post germination of quiescent spores with the bile salt taurocholate. <h3>Results</h3> PACT effectively killed R20291 at doses &gt; 10 μM after exposure to laser light at 665nm at an intensity of 24 mJ/cm2. However, post PACT treatment of the C. difficile culture with the spore germinant taurocholate showed that 100% of CD spores were resistant to the treatment. Remarkably, it was shown that pre-incubation of CD spores in germination conditions for 30 minutes prior to PACT leads to &gt; 99.9% kill of the initial number of spores permitting the killing of CD in both its vegetative and sporulating form. Moreover, toxicity of taurocholic acid was excluded in HT-29 colon cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The presented study describes applicability for PACT in the successful treatment of highly resistant CD spores using a two-phase antimicrobial approach and that taurocholic acid is non-toxic to humans. This strategy could be effective at reducing the significant numbers of patients with relapsing CD, the length of stay for these patients, associated morbidity as well as the potential mortality of CD which mostly arises from this sub-group of patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
In Reply:
Authors: Susan E. Krown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The article by Dr Krown 1 provides very appropriate and timely considerations with regard to the management of patients with advanced, symptomatic, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and suggests, on the basis of a comprehensive review of the literature, that in T1 (according to the AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] staging classification) symptomatic KS patients, concomitant chemotherapy should be added to HAART without awaiting a response to HAART.Moreover, the author, referencing our study, 2 states that "T1 and T0 groupings have been associated with distinct survival distribution."In response, we would like to clarify our data as reported by Dr Krown.We believe that our data may help to better define which group of patients within the T1 category need a timely institution of chemotherapy concomitantly to HAART, and for which group it is too risky to await a possible response to HAART.In our study, we collected clinical and survival data from 211 patients with AIDS-KS enrolled in two prospective cohort studies beginning in 1996, the time when HAART became available in Italy, with the aim of validating the ACTG staging system for AIDS-KS in the HAART era.All patients received HAART.Our analysis identified two different risk categories: a good-risk group (T0S0, T1S0, and T0S1) and a poor-risk group (T1S1).The 3-year survival rate of patients with T1S1 was 53%, significantly lower than the 3-year survival rates of patients with T0S0, T1S0, and T0S1, which were 88%, 80%, and 81%, respectively (P ϭ .0001).Therefore, the T category alone does not provide an appropriate survival discrimination, as occurred in the pre-HAART period. 3When we considered only patients with pulmonary involvement (namely,Tp1) as compared with T1 patients without pulmonary disease (namely,Tp0), the 3-year survival rate was 46% for Tp1 and 77% for Tp0 patients (P ϭ .0002),indicating that patients with pulmonary involvement identify the group of patients with the poorest prognosis, independent of the other ACTG variables.Therefore, we believe that we were able to identify, within the T1 category, a specific subgroup of KS patients (ie, T1S1, Tp1) with an unfavorable survival rate in whom HAART and concomitant chemotherapy should be used.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: N. Finn
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has killed over twenty-one thousand and sickened over four hundred thousand people worldwide, posing a great challenge to global public health. A sensitive and accurate diagnosis method will substantially help to control disease expansion. Here, we developed a chemiluminescence-immunoassay method based on the recombinant nucleocapsid antigen and the magnetic beads for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections and surveillance of antibody changing pattern. Serums from 29 healthy individuals, 51 tuberculosis patients, and 79 SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients were employed to evaluate the performance of this approach. Compared to the IgM testing, the IgG testing was more reliable in which it identified 65 SARS-CoV-2 infections from the 79 confirmed patients and only two false-positive cases from the 80 control group with a sensitivity and specificity reaching 82.28% and 97.5%, respectively. However, only a slight difference (not statistically significant) in the detected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections was observed between the IgM and IgG testing manner in patients at a different time of onset of disease. A performance comparison between an ELISA kit using the same nucleocapsid antigen and our chemiluminescence method was undertaken. The same false-positive cases were seen in both methods from the paired control group, while ELISA kit can only detect half of the SARS-CoV-2 infections from paired SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients group than that of the chemiluminescence method, indicating a higher performance for the chemiluminescence-immunoassay approach. Together, our studies provide a useful and valuable serological testing tool for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the community.
Abstract 710: Real-time apoptosis and necrosis detection in 3D spheroid cellmodels
Authors: Andrew L. Niles, Kevin R. Kupcho, Terry L. Riss, Dan F. Lazar, James J. Cali
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The structural and biological complexity of cancer spheroids make them uniquely suited to address or approximate the pharmacodynamics of new chemical entities directed at chemotherapeutic reduction of tumor masses. Unfortunately, this same complexity represents a substantial technical challenge for measuring apoptosis and necrosis using conventional methods in real time. To address this challenge, we explored the use of a multiplexed bioluminescent and fluorescent, real-time assay reagent which utilizes annexin V fusion proteins containing binary elements of a complementing luciferase, a time-released luciferase substrate and an excludable DNA membrane integrity dye. The assay reagent was added to HCT-116 and HepG2 spheroids dosed with serial dilutions of panobinostat, bortezomib, or paclitaxel to examine the magnitude, potency and kinetics of the responses. Luminescent and fluorescent data were continuously collected throughout the 48h exposure using a conventional multimode plate reader equipped with atmospheric control. After the exposure period, the treated spheroids were imaged by fluorescence microscopy to assess necrotic burden as well as analyzed for remaining cellular viability using ATP content compared to untreated control. Consistent with their known modes of cytotoxic action, bortezomib produced the first measurable phoshatidylserine (PS) exposure (~8h), followed by panobinostat (~12h) and paclitaxel (18-22h). The apoptotic potencies and magnitudes of response matured thereafter as a function of time until 48h. Secondary necrosis resulting from completion of the apoptotic program lagged PS exposure in both time and magnitude. Imaging results for necrosis and ATP determinations provided orthogonal and inversely complementary verification of data values obtained with the apoptosis assay reagent. Taken together, this workflow may help define the in vitro pharmacological disposition of new chemical entities with respect to their capability to penetrate and induce apoptosis in spheroids and/or other more complex multicellular models. Citation Format: Andrew L. Niles, Kevin R. Kupcho, Terry L. Riss, Dan F. Lazar, James J. Cali. Real-time apoptosis and necrosis detection in 3D spheroid cellmodels [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 710.
Trijardy XR—A New 3-Drug Combination for Type 2 Diabetes
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Secondary Thrombocytopathia
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thérapeutique médicale. VII: Vaisseaux et reins
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SANITARY INFORMATION BY COMPARISON.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colonic Therapy in the Treatment of Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety and efficacy of MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ 197) combined with sorafenib in patients (pts) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from a phase I study.
Authors: Igor Puzanov, Jeffrey Alan Sosman, Armando Santoro, Robert E. Martell, Grace K. Dy, Laura Williams Goff, Wen Wee Ma, Gerald J. Fetterly, Shaunita A. Michael, Julie Ann Means-Powell, Feng Chai, Maria Lamar, Gary M. Strauss, Paolo A. Zucali, Wendy M. Chiang, Jamie Jarboe, Brian E. Schwartz, Alex A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4545 Background: Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor are standard therapy for RCC, and the MET signaling pathway is implicated in tumor angiogenesis. Tivantinib is an oral, selective MET inhibitor. In several tumor models, tivantinib plus sorafenib exhibited synergistic antitumor activity vs single-agent activity. This phase I dose-escalation study assessed the safety of tivantinib plus sorafenib in pts with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Endpoints were safety, the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of tivantinib plus sorafenib, and antitumor activity. Previously, dose escalation established the RP2D as tivantinib 360 mg twice daily (BID) plus sorafenib 400 mg BID. Extension cohorts enrolled ≤ 20 pts each with RCC or other tumors. Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: 20 pts (mean age, 60 yr) including 16 clear cell, 3 papillary, and 1 clear cell/chromophobe RCC pts received treatment at the RP2D (n = 19) or tivantinib 360 mg BID plus sorafenib 200 mg BID (n = 1). 4 pts are still on study. 16 pts (13 with clear cell RCC) received ≥ 1 previous systemic therapy (median, 2; range, 0-4) including VEGF (14 pts) and/or mTOR (5 pts) inhibitors. The most common (≥ 25%) adverse events were rash (65%), diarrhea (45%), alopecia (40%), hypophosphatemia (35%), and fatigue, stomatitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, and pruritus (25% each). Best response was partial response (PR) in 3 pts (all clear cell RCC pts) and stable disease (SD) in 15 pts (11 clear cell, 3 papillary, and 1 clear cell/chromophobe RCC pts). 7 pts with SD had ≥ 10% tumor size reduction. The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR; PR + SD) were 15% and 90%, respectively. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 12.7 mo (95% CI, 7.1-14.5 mo). In 14 pts previously treated with a VEGF inhibitor, best response was 2 PR and 10 SD, the ORR and DCR were 14% and 86%, respectively, and mPFS was 12.7 mo (95% CI, 5.3-NR mo). Conclusions: Oral combination therapy with tivantinib plus sorafenib was well tolerated and exhibited preliminary anticancer activity in pts with RCC, including pts pretreated with VEGF inhibitors.
Author Index
Authors: Niels Aagaard, ) Abaalkhail, Paolo Abada, Maria Abate, Susan Abbey, ) Abdallah, Abdel Abdelouahed, Nada Abedin, ) Abe, Hanna Aberra, George Abouda, ) Abraldes, Juan Abraldes, ) Abreu, Pauline Abrial, ) Abril-Fornaguera, Yehia Abugabal, Abu Hassan, Muhammad Radzi, Rubén Agudo, ) Aguilar-Bravo, Dolores Aguilar, A Aguilera, ) Aguilera, ) Ahammed, Sk Mahiuddin, Alaa Ahmad, ) Ahmad, Joseph Ahn, Sang Ahn, Annika Ahrenstorf, Lorena Airaghi, ) Airoldi, Aldo Aishima, Gabriella Aitcheson, Ulus Akarca, Katherine Akerboom, ) Akhtar, Eman Alabsawy, Rosalie Altus, ) Alukal, Joseph Aluvihare, Mario Reis, Aline Huerta, ) Alvarez-Alvarez, ) Alvarez-Argüelles, ) Alvarez, Carolina Almohalla, ) Álvarez-Larrán, Mari Carmen, ) Álvarez, ) Alvaro, Giorgi Alvisi, ) Alwayn, ) Aly, Enrique Luis, Philip Ambery, ) Ambrosy, Johnny Amer, ) Amer, Ahmed Amin, ) Amin, Lucio Amitrano, ) Amlani, Ruben Amoros, ) Amoruso, Daniela Caterina, Arbones Mainar, ) Arcese, ) Argemi, Francesco Aricó, ) Arinaga-Hino, Angelo Armandi, Carolina Armengol, ) Armitage, Ayse Armlovich, ) Armstrong, Henrik Arnell, ) Aronson, ) Arora, Vinod Arora, Nicholas Buuren, ) Buxton, ) Byrne, Kwan Byun, Juan Caballería, Francisco Caballero, ) Caballero-Marcos, Carolina Cabredo, ) Cabrera, ) Cabrera-Pastor, Andrea Cachafeiro, Santiago Pérez, ) Cachero, Jacques Cadranel, ) Cadranel, ) Caffrey, ) Cagatay, Nur Sena, Marta Cagna, ) Cagnot, ) Cai, Jennifer Cai, Stefano Cairo, Matias Caldez, ) Caldwell, Alessandra Caligiuri, ) Calin, Ali Caliskan, Maria Callegaro, ) Calle, ) Callewaert, Joana Calvão
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Home dialysis: the competition between CAPD and hemodialysis
Authors: R. S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Hemodialysis carried out in special facilities is, if not threatened, at least slipping a bit from its position as the dominant mode of therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. The most remarkable single change, occurring within the last three years, has been the increased number of patients using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). At the recent Controversies in 1981 Nephrology meeting held in Arlington, Va, participants debated the safety and efficacy of CAPD with respect to various patient groups. There were strong warnings that economic and political factors will favor home dialysis in the future, but within that context, some nephrologists are still unconvinced that CAPD is as safe and effective as hemodialysis. Since hemodialysis was brought under Medicare coverage by federal legislation in 1972, the impact on nephrology has been tremendous. Administered by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), Medicare's End-Stage Renal Disease Program has paid 80% of
"CYSTINE NEPHROLITHIASIS"
Authors: Abraham White
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 24, 1932, appeared an interesting article entitled "Cystine Nephrolithiasis," by George H. Ewell, M.D. Attention should, however, be directed to the following misstatements in Dr. Ewell's communication: "Chemically, cystine is a complex organic compound and belongs in the amino-acid group, the only one that contains sulphur, the latter being about 25 per cent of its content." "Feeding experiments on dogs and rats have shown that it [cystine] is an essential amino-acid necessary for growth and maintenance of body weight, and no other substance can replace it." "The chemical formula of cystine is [S.CH2CH(NH2). CCOOH]2 and by oxidation is broken up into two molecules of cystinic acid; these substances are stored in the body tissue and play a great rôle in oxidation processes." Cystine is not the only sulphur-containing amino-acid found in proteins; methionine also contains sulphur. Furthermore, the latter amino-acid is apparently capable
Problem Drinkers
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Just as the World Health Organization advises substituting the term "dependence" for "addiction," the author of this book prefers "problem drinking" to "alcoholism." Both suggestions have merit. Only opiates and opioids meet strict pharmacologic criteria for addiction (causing marked tolerance and physical dependence) and what is an alcoholic, after all, but a person with problems from drinking? "Problem drinking" is a bit awkward in conversation, but so is Wolff-Parkinson-White's syndrome. And by shortening "Problem Drinking" to PD, even this problem vanishes. ("What's your diagnosis, young man?" "PD, sir.") This book is the second to emerge from the largest survey of American drinking practices ever conducted. The first book told how many people drank and who they were. This one tells how many people have problems from drinking and who<i>they</i>are. PDs, like drinkers generally, are unevenly distributed in the population. More men than women have drinking problems; more young