tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ORDINANCES OF THE AMERICAM MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Community and Occupational Studies of Lung Cancer and Polycyclic Organic Matter
Authors: Jorma Rantanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Finland is used as a model in attempts to study the possible association of the incidence of lung cancer and exposure of population to fossil fuel combustion products. Unfortunately because of great geographical variation of unknown origin in the incidence of lung cancer in Finland, detailed studies of the possible role of an individual exposure in the lung cancer risk are not possible. This background variation in the incidence is much greater than variation carried by any known etiological factor and does not clearly correlate with the degree of urbanization, industrialization, regional use of fossil fuels, number of motor vehicles or smoking habits. To get more precise information on the possible association of lung cancer incidence with exposure to fossil fuel combustion products, occupational studies serve as powerful tools. The definition of population is more reliable and the measurement of exposures can be done more precisely; moreover the management of confounding and modifying factors is more effective than in community studies. So far the studies carried out among the Finnish working population exposed to PAH compounds reveal an association between the lung cancer risk and exposure to PAHs.
Erythema Chronicum Migrans and "Lyme Arthritis"
Authors: William M. Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The discussion in MEDICAL NEWS (236:241, 1976) of a new form of arthritis in New England prompts us to submit a follow-up on our original report "Erythema Chronicum Migrans [ECM] in the United States" (236:859, 1976). We have this summer seen six more cases of ECM, for a total of ten cases. All erythemas responded dramatically to treatment with penicillin or erythromycin, with resolution within 24 to 48 hours of beginning treatment. In two of these patients (20% of our series), a monoarticular arthritis with effusion subsequently developed. Both patients had serum positive for rheumatoid factor. One patient was systemically ill, with fever, myalgia, and malaise. He experienced complete relief of symptoms and resolution of the effusion within 48 hours of beginning the penicillin regimen. The other patient with arthritis was less symptomatic, and symptoms and effusion gradually resolved over three weeks under expectant observation. On exchange
Neural blockade by local anesthetics
Authors: R. H. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Local anesthetics block nerve impulse propagation by occluding transmembrane sodium channels, so preventing depolarization. First, the uncharged lipid-soluble anesthetic base pentrates the membrane; then the positively charged cation binds to anionic components of the sodium channel's internal axoplasmic mouth. Though primarily a carrier, the base contributes to blockade by causing the membrane to swell, so pinching the sodium channels. Dissolved in water, local anesthetic salt crystals dissociate into anesthetic cation and base-proportional to the drug's fixed pKa and the tissue's variable pH. The cation-base concentration ration is critical to optimal neural blockade. If there is too little base, few anesthetic molecules will penetrate to the neural target; if too little cation, few sodium channels will be plugged.
Tryptophan
Authors: Timothy C. Birdsall
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Clauw et al<sup>1</sup>recently described seven patients who developed a syndrome of eosinophilia, connective-tissue disease, and cutaneous abnormalities (elsewhere termed eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome) while ingesting the amino acid tryptophan. They speculate that an abnormal accumulation of tryptophan metabolites, specifically serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), in these patients may have contributed to the disease and cite several other conditions with similar symptoms that also are associated with deranged serotonin metabolism. Tryptophan is primarily metabolized in the body to either nicotinic acid or serotonin. The critical enzyme in the tryptophan-kynurenine-nicotinic acid pathway is tryptophan oxygenase, an enzyme that is inducible by adrenal hormones,<sup>2</sup>raising the prospect that a decrease in enzyme activity could shunt excess tryptophan toward the serotonin pathway, resulting in elevated serotonin production. Badawy et al<sup>3,4</sup>have shown that inhibition of tryptophan oxygenase due to long-term ethanol or antidepessant intakes results in elevated serotonin levels. It, therefore, seems
Progressive myelopathy in a 32-year-old man
Authors: K. Chintapalli
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>History</h3> A 32-year-old man presented with bilateral progressive paresthesia and numbness over a two-year period following a motor vehicle accident. He reported the recent onset of urinary incontinence. On examination, decrease in pain and sensation to touch and pinprick in both lower extremities, more marked on the left side, was elicited. The findings of electromyographic studies were consistent with involvement of the posterior primary rami at the T10-11 level. Lateral roentgenograms of the thoracic spine showed a triangular bony density projecting into the spinal canal (open arrow) at the site of T10-11 (Fig 1). Low-dose metrizamide myelography with computed tomography (CT) was accomplished. The CT scans will be demonstrated subsequently. An operative procedure was performed. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at T10 through T12 causing myelopathy. A CT scan using low doses of metrizamide shows ossification of the ligamentum flavum (LF) (open arrows), compressing the spinal cord at T10-11
Diabetes Prevalence Among American Indians and Alaska Natives and the Overall Population--United States, 1994-2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Diabetes affects American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) disproportionately compared with other racial/ethnic populations and has been increasing in prevalence in AI/AN populations during the past 16 years. To examine trends in diabetes prevalence among AI/ANs and the overall U.S. population and to describe disparities among these two populations, CDC analyzed data from the Indian Health Service (IHS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that diabetes continues to affect AI/ANs disproportionately and is becoming more common among younger populations. To combat this epidemic, knowledge and interventions from clinical trials and best-practice models should be translated to community-based prevention programs within AI/AN communities.
THE STATUS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parkinson's Disease
Authors: MARK W. ZILKOSKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

for Dr. Jeffrey Cummings Locked in behind a face that cannot move A face frozen to my bones, frozen To my brain, I cannot smile. To speak I must grope for words Lost in an age past and propel them Upwards and outwards, Everything must be so right Sometimes It is just a whisper. The tremblings of my hands mingle Insidiously at my elbows to steal Away what is left of my freedom. Someone else must have my energy, my vitality I was so strong before. Strength like that Does not just evaporate It is stolen. My neurologist knows Shakes
La Pellagra. Storia—Eziologia-Pathogenesi Profilassi.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
α4-Integrin+ Endothelium Derived from Primate Embryonic Stem Cells Generates Both Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Cells.
Authors: Gen Shinoda, Katsutsugu Umeda, Toshio Heike, Masato Arai, Akira Niwa, Feng Ma, Hirofumi Suemori, Hong Yuan Luo, David H.K. Chui, Ryuzo Torii, Masabumi Shibuya, Norio Nakatsuji, Tatsutoshi Nakahata
Journal: Blood (2006)
Reflections on the Patty Hearst case
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemopoietic Stem Cells: Stochastic Differentiation and Humoral Control of Proliferation
Authors: Makio Ogawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The central feature of hemopoiesis is life-long, stable cell renewal. This process is supported by hemopoietic stem cells which, in the steady state, appear to be dormant in cell cycling. The entry into cell cycle of the dormant stem cells may be promoted by such factors as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Once the stem cells leave G0 and begin proliferation, the subsequent process is characterized by continued proliferation and differentiation. While several models of stem cell differentiation have been proposed, micromanipulation studies of individual progenitors suggest that the commitment of multipotential progenitors to single lineages is a random (stochastic) process. The proliferation of early hemopoietic progenitors requires the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3), and the intermediate process appears to be supported by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Once the progenitors are committed to individual lineages, the subsequent maturation process appears to be supported by late-acting, lineage-specific factors such as erythropoietin and G-CSF. Synthesis of a hemopoietic factor may take place in different cell types and is regulated by multiple factors. The physiological regulator of erythropoiesis is erythropoietin, which, by a feedback mechanism, provides fine control of erythrocyte production. Feedback mechanisms for leukocyte production have not been identified. It is possible that there is no feedback regulator of leukopoiesis. In this model, leukocyte production in the steady state is maintained at a genetically determined level. When an infection occurs, the bacterial lipopolysaccharides may augment the production of interleukin 1 alpha and beta, tumor necrosis factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, etc.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Minor Queries in Medical Science
Authors: W. Hinds
Journal: BMJ (1860)

TO DIPHTHERIITIC AFFECTIONS.THE following case will serve to illustrate one form of tempo- rary paralysis arisina from diphtheria.The subject has been several years before the profession, but not much known in this country.It appears to be of frequent occurrence in the hospitals of Paris.The journals at the end of last year con- tained many interesting cases.The following occurred to my- self in Novenmber 1859, showing a temporary form of this ma- lady, and of this I will give the main features.CASE IV.John P., aged 4:3, a brassfounder, a working me- chanic, of temperate habits, was attacked in November 1859, 'vith inflammation of the throat of a diphtheritic character.An abscess afterwards formed, from which he soon recovered; but during the progress of the throat affection, he experienced a loss of power in his right leg, so that he could with difficulty make any attempt to walk or stand.At first there were some slight erratic pains in the leg, which soon subsided, leaving
Evaluation for endotoxemia in patients receiving penicillin therapy for secondary syphilis
Authors: J. L. Shenep
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To determine if endotoxin liberation occurs after antibiotic administration to patients with syphilis, serial plasma samples were obtained from 15 patients receiving intramuscular penicillin G benzathine for secondary syphilis. The endotoxin content of these plasma samples was determined using a<i>Limulus</i>lysate assay (detection limit, 0.025 ng of reference<i>Escherichia</i>coli endotoxin per milliliter of patient plasma). Although secondary syphilis is the stage of syphilis having the greatest burden of spirochetes and the highest incidence of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions, no endotoxin was detected in plasma either before or after antibiotic therapy. Despite the absence of detectable endotoxemia, five patients experienced mild Jarisch-Herxheimer—like reactions. These results suggest that endotoxin is not an important factor in either secondary syphilis or the reactions associated with antibiotic therapy of this disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:388-390)
THE DUTY OF THE PHYSICIAN TO THE STATE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stimulated hepatic tissue repair underlies heteroprotection by thioacetamide against acetaminophen-induced lethality*1, *2
Authors: S CHANDA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug that causes massive centrilobular hepatic necrosis at high doses, leading to death. The objectives of this study were to test our working hypothesis that preplaced cell division and hepatic tissue repair by prior thioacetamide (TA) administration provides protection against APAP-induced lethality and to investigate the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a low dose of TA (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) before challenge with a 90% lethal dose (1,800 mg/kg, i.p.) of APAP. This protocol resulted in a 100% protection against the lethal effect of APAP. Because TA caused a 23% decrease of hepatic microsomal cytochromes P-450, the possibility that TA protection may be caused by decreased bioactivation of APAP was examined. A 30% decrease in cytochromes P-450 induced by cobalt chloride failed to provide protection against APAP lethality. Time course of serum enzyme elevations (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase) indicated that actual infliction of liver injury by APAP peaked between 12 to 24 hours after the administration of APAP, whereas the ultimate outcome of that injury depended on the biological events thereafter. Although liver injury progressed in rats receiving only APAP, it regressed in rats pretreated with TA. Acetaminophen t1/2 was not altered in TA-treated rats, indicating that significant changes in APAP disposition and bioactivation are unlikely. Moreover, hepatic glutathione was decreased to a similar extent regardless of TA pretreatment, suggesting that decreased bioactivation of APAP is unlikely to be the mechanism underlying TA protection. [3h]Thymidine incorporation studies confirmed the expected stimulation of S-phase synthesis, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen studies showed a corresponding stimulation of cell division through accelerated cell cycle progression. Intervention with TA-induced cell division by colchicine antimitosis ended the TA protection in the absence of significant changes in the time course of serum enzyme elevations during the inflictive phase of APAP hepatotoxicity. These studies suggest that hepatocyte division and tissue repair induced by TA facilitate sustained hepatic tissue repair after subsequent APAP-induced liver injury, producing recovery from liver injury and protection against APAP lethality.
Impact on MPN Symptoms and Quality of Life of Front Line Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2a Vs. Hydroxyurea in High Risk Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia: Interim Analysis Results of Myeloproliferative Disorders Research Consortium (MPD-RC) 112 Global Phase III Trial
Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, Ronald Hoffman, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Josef T. Prchal, Claire N. Harrison, Mary Frances McMullin, Abdulraheem Yacoub, Alessandro Rambaldi, Dmitriy Berenzon, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Joanne C Ewing, Casey L O'Connell, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Adam Mead, Elliott F. Winton, David S. Leibowitz, Valerio De Stefano, Murat O. Arcasoy, Craig M. Kessler, Rosalind Catchatorian, Damiano Rondelli, Richard T. Silver, Ellen K. Ritchie, Arnon Nagler, Marina Kremyanskaya, Richard F. Schlenk, Rona Singer Weinberg, Mohamed E Salama, Gianni Tognoni, Giuseppe Prosperini, Alessandra Di Lelio, Eliseo Serone, Lorenzo Marfisi, Alicia Orellana, Tiziano Barbui, Amylou C. Dueck, John O. Mascarenhas
Journal: Blood (2016)
Phase III Trial Comparing Radical Radiotherapy With and Without Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Squamous Cell Cancer of the Cervix
Authors: R. Pearcey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that cisplatin (CDDP) administered concurrently with standard radiotherapy (RT) would improve pelvic control and survival in patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 259 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB to IVA squamous cell cervical cancer with central disease ≥ 5 cm or histologically confirmed pelvic lymph node involvement were randomized to receive RT (external-beam RT plus brachytherapy) plus weekly CDDP chemotherapy (40 mg/m2) (arm 1) or the same RT without chemotherapy (arm 2). RESULTS: A total of 253 patients were available for analysis. Median follow-up was 82 months. No significant difference was found in progression-free survival (P = .33). No significant difference in 3- and 5-year survival rates was found (69% v 66% and 62% v 58%, respectively; P = .42). The hazard ratio for survival (arm 2 to arm 1) was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.62). CONCLUSION: This study did not show a benefit to either pelvic control or survival by adding concurrent weekly CDDP chemotherapy in a dose of 40 mg/m2 to radical RT as given in this trial. Careful attention to RT details is important for achieving optimum outcome for patients with this disease.
Poster Session 3: Health Care Delivery
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

9.6% of patients used vitamin D supplementation and 34.9% were assessed during Summer/Autumn months.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with LSM >7.65 kPa (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.17-4.29;P=0.02) and LSM >13.0 kPa (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.10-5.38;P=0.03) on univariate analysis.Predictors of LSM on multivariate analysis are shown in table 1, but multivariate analysis could not be performed in the LSM >13.0 kPa group because of relatively few patients.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with chronic HCV infection and is independently associated with season and gender.However, vitamin D status is not independently associated with liver stiffness.Table 1 -Predictors of LSM on multivariate analysis