tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the authors:
Authors: D.P. Tashkin, B. Celli, S. Kesten, T. Lystig, S. Mehra, M. Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

rate, quality of life and mortality.They acknowledge that the rate of FEV1 decline was highest in CS, and lowest in CE in both tiotropium and placebo (other treatments) subgroups.We thank the authors for highlighting this finding in their abstract, and feel that this particular finding deserves some comment.The authors compare their study to the Lung Health Study (LHS) [3] in respect to effect of smoking status on the rate of FEV1 decline.The LHS and UPLIFT1 studies have many similarities: large study groups, smoking cessation programme at entry, long-term follow-up and three smoking status subgroups.However, it is most interesting that the UPLIFT1 trial is complementary to LHS [4].LHS participants were younger, with a mean age 48.5 yrs versus 61-66 yrs in UPLIFT1.The majority of LHS participants were in the mild/moderate stage of COPD (mean FEV1 at 78% of predicted, range 55-90%), whereas no mild stage patients were included in the UPLIFT1 trial (mean FEV1 at 40% pred, range 20-70%); 96% of participants were in the moderate or severe stage.
Near fatal reaction to ingestion of the hallucinogenic drug MDA
Authors: K. C. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1971)

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a hallucinogenic drug for which, thus far, there have been no reported serious adverse effects. Three cases reported here document a near fatal, a severe, and a mild adverse reaction to ingestion of a single 500 mg capsule of pure MDA. Graded doses of pure MDA were administered to a series of mice, a cat, and a dog. Similar effects were observed, but the dosage was approximately ten times greater.
Relationship among Transfusion-Related Hepatitis C, Alcohol Abuse, and Cirrhosis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients16 January 2001Relationship among Transfusion-Related Hepatitis C, Alcohol Abuse, and CirrhosisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes inflammation of the liver, a condition known as hepatitis. Before the blood supply in the United States was routinely tested, people commonly became infected by receiving blood transfusions that contained HCV. (Giving blood does not carry a risk for getting hepatitis.) Some people with HCV infection develop damage and scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) many years after becoming infected. Studies suggest that people with HCV infection who drink alcohol are more likely than those who do not drink alcohol to develop cirrhosis, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “The Relationship of Acute Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis to the Development of Cirrhosis in the Presence of Alcohol Abuse.” It is in the 16 January 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 120-124). The authors are DR Harris, R Gonin, HJ Alter, EC Wright, ZJ Buskell, FB Hollinger, and LB Seeff, for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Relationship of Acute Transfusion-Associated Hepatitis to the Development of Cirrhosis in the Presence of Alcohol Abuse D. Robert Harris , René Gonin , Harvey J. Alter , Elizabeth C. Wright , Zelma J. Buskell , F. Blaine Hollinger , Leonard B. Seeff , and Metrics 16 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 2Page: I-73KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsBloodBlood transfusionCirrhosisHepatitis AHepatitis A virusHepatitis C virusLiverLungs ePublished: 16 January 2001 Issue Published: 16 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Solving nomenclature problems in cardiology
Authors: J. Constant
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MUCH OF our medical nomenclature originates from physicians and physiologists whose talents were more in brilliant research than in communication. Some terms are based on inaccurate and outdated observations. We often have choices between several terms, and the ideal terminology may emerge from a set of rules for logical and clear thinking. When there is a choice between terms, we should probably choose the one with the following characteristics: The term should be the one with the least ambiguity and should require the least possible explanation of what one really means; therefore, it would be the easiest to remember. It should be the one with the shortest possible name and should be the easiest to spell. If the term is commonly reduced to the initials of each word, the letters should not be similar to other abbreviations in cardiology. If a patient overhears the term or
Adult Glioblastoma
Authors: Brian M. Alexander, Timothy F. Cloughesy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare tumor and one of the most challenging malignancies to treat in all of oncology. Although advances have been made in the treatment of GBM, encouraging outcomes typically are not observed; patients diagnosed with these tumors generally have a dismal prognosis and poor quality of life as the disease progresses. This review summarizes the clinical presentation of GBM, diagnostic methods, evidentiary basis for the current standards of care, and investigational approaches to treat or manage GBM. Because the track record for developing effective therapies for GBM has been dismal, we also review the challenges to successful therapeutic and biomarker development.
Changes in Dutch Opinions on Active Euthanasia, 1966 Through 1991
Authors: Paul J. van der Maas
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE NETHERLANDS appears to have a worldwide reputation for tolerant policies on controversial issues such as abortion, drug abuse, and euthanasia. In a comparative survey of 15 countries, including the United States and Canada, the Dutch had by far the most permissive orientation.<sup>1</sup>"Tolerant" in this context has positive connotations for some and negative for others, who interpret this tolerance as a loss of fundamental values that inevitably leads to a disintegration of society. Policies must have at least some basis in public opinion and in opinions of the relevant professional groups, especially in an extremely value-laden topic such as active euthanasia. Euthanasia involves such values as the sanctity of life and human self-determination, as well as medical-professional ethics that may be seen as more or less derived from such values. In this article, we examine the development of public opinion on the issue of active euthanasia and the
Pancreatic Changes in Various Types of Cirrhosis in Alcoholics
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Procedures for the appropriate management of patients who may have supportive measures withdrawn
Authors: H. K. Beecher
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In cases where the brain death syndrome* is suspected, owing to the presence of most but not all of the required criteria, in other words when the physician is beginning to think along these lines, the findings should be recorded. At this time an electroencephalogram should be obtained and the results recorded. The EEG should be recorded from scalp or referential electrodes 10 cm or more apart with interelectrode resistance under 10,000 ohms (or impedance under 6,000 ohms). If no brain potentials exceed 2 microvolts, the state of electrocerebral silence is said to be present (Ad Hoc Committee of the American EEG Society, San Francisco, Sept 1968, to be published). If all of the findings are in accord with the brain death syndrome, follow with number 2. Call in a neurologist or a neurosurgeon, one of whom will be on call at all times. The physician and
Cross-Reactivity and Tolerability of Cephalosporins in Patients with Immediate Hypersensitivity to Penicillins
Authors: Antonino Romano, Rosa-Maria Guéant-Rodriguez, Marinella Viola, Rosa Pettinato, Jean-Louis Guéant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

In patients with documented IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to penicillins, data on sensitization to cephalosporins vary. Administering cephalosporins to such patients is often deferred because of the risk for cross-reactivity.To assess the cross-reactivity with cephalosporins and its potential determinants in patients with documented penicillin allergy.Prospective study in patients without clinical indications for cephalosporin treatment.Italy.128 consecutive patients who sustained anaphylactic shock (n = 81) or urticaria (n = 47) and had positive results on skin tests for at least 1 of the penicillin reagents tested.All patients were skin tested with cephalothin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. Patients with negative results for the last 4 cephalosporins were challenged with cefuroxime axetil and ceftriaxone.14 patients (10.9% [95% CI, 6.1% to 17.7%]) had positive results on skin tests for cephalosporins, mostly for cephalothin or cefamandole. Skin test results for the minor determinant mixture were positive in 10 of 14 patients (71.4%) with cross-reactivity and 44 of 114 patients (38.6%) without cross-reactivity (odds ratio, 3.90 [CI, 1.17 to 13.40]; P = 0.0189). All 101 patients with negative results on skin tests for cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime tolerated cefuroxime axetil and ceftriaxone (tolerability rate, 100% [CI, 96.4% to 100%]).Challenges were not followed by full therapeutic courses. Twenty-two patients declined challenges; positive responses in those patients would have decreased the tolerability rate to 82.1% (CI, 74.2% to 88.4%).These data confirm the advisability of avoiding cephalosporin treatment in patients with positive results on skin tests for penicillin. In patients who especially require cephalosporin treatment, we recommend skin tests with cephalosporins before assessing the tolerability of the cephalosporin with a graded challenge.
Light-Mediated Conversion of Nitrogen Dioxide to Nitric Oxide by Carotenoids
Authors: Robert V. Cooney, Patricia J. Harwood, Laurie J. Custer, Adrian A. Franke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Plants are more susceptible to the toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide when exposure takes place in the dark. Beta-carotene and other common carotenoids react with nitrogen dioxide in the dark to yield intermediate nitrosating agents consistent with the formation of nitrate esters. Simultaneous exposure of carotenoids to NO2 and light significantly reduced formation of nitrosating intermediates and resulted in the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the gas phase. Light-mediated reduction of NO2 to NO by carotenoids may be an important mechanism for preventing damage in plants exposed to NO2. The formation of nitrosating agents from the reaction of carotenoids with NO2 suggests that their ability to prevent nirosative damage associated with NO2 exposure in both plants and animals may be limited in the absence of light.
Erratum: Dietary zinc alters the microbiota and decreases resistance to Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Joseph P Zackular, Jessica L Moore, Ashley T Jordan, Lillian J Juttukonda, Michael J Noto, Maribeth R Nicholson, Jonathan D Crews, Matthew W Semler, Yaofang Zhang, Lorraine B Ware, M Kay Washington, Walter J Chazin, Richard M Caprioli, Eric P Skaar
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
The sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnostics during five decades. Toward an understanding of necessary fallibility
Authors: R. E. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Published studies encompassing more than 50 000 autopsies were assessed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnostics (the diagnostic process) in persons dying of 1 of 11 specific diseases during the period 1930 through 1977. The accuracy of clinical diagnostics, as reflected in these two determinations, appeared to improve over this period with respect to some of the diseases studied (rheumatic heart disease and leukemia), while for others it worsened (pulmonary tuberculosis, peritonitis, carcinoma of the lung, gastric carcinoma, and carcinoma of the liver and extrahepatic biliary tract) and for a significant number diagnostic accuracy seemed refractory to sustained change (pulmonary embolism, primary cirrhosis of the liver, gastric/peptic ulcer, and acute coronary thrombosis/myocardial infarction). The findings suggest a new way in which the autopsy can be used to monitor clinical diagnostics to identify possible sources of systematic weaknesses and provide data that can be used to approach the difficult subject of necessary fallibility. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1610-1617)
Pharmacology of Fibrosis and Tissue Injury
Authors: Milos Chvapil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Methods controlling tissue fibrosis are classified into those specifically inhibiting various metabolic aspects of collagen selectively in the injured tissue (ascorbic acid deficiency, effect of agent chelating Fe2+, proline analogs, lathyrogens). The most promising method seems to be the blocking of crosslinks formation among collagen molecules by β-aminopropionitrile, a competitive inhibitor of a crosslinking enzyme, lysyl oxidase. The second group of methods is called nonspecific, as they affect any stage of inflammatory process preceding the activation of fibroblasts. The importance of activated macrophages in the stimulation of fibroblast is discussed. Finally, a new concept is proposed, indicating the function of zinc ions in the control of the integrity of biomembrances, tissue reactivity to noxious agents. It is suggested that zinc may control NADPH dependent lipid peroxidation at the membrane level by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity. The implication of these ideas to lung fibrosis induced by silica or asbestos is discussed.
HTLV-III transmission
Authors: L. D. Grouse
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It comes as a relief to all and a surprise to almost none that nosocomial human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection is rare. Although the virus has been isolated from fluids such as blood, semen, saliva, urine, and tears, the careful study by Weiss and colleagues<sup>1</sup>suggests that for health care workers exposed on a regular basis to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and their secretions, the risk of infection was very low. For persons with parenteral exposure to these patients the risk was also low, but was demonstrably present. From the concern being voiced in many circles today, one might have assumed that HTLV-III is airborne. It isn't. It's transmitted much like hepatitis B, and similar precautions for preventing transmission should be successful. The virus itself is far from indestructible. It is inactivated by high and low pH and by exposure to a temperature of
Comparison of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of Kupffer cells to produce tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1
Authors: S Lichtman
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is a cell wall polymer from gram-negative bacteria that stimulates Kupffer cell release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. Another bacterial cell wall polymer in both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms is peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide exist together in the intestinal lumen and can cross the intestinal mucosa, enter the portal vein and activate Kupffer cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of lipopolysaccharide stimulation and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide stimulation of Kupffer cells on release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. Both bacterial polymers caused maximum tumor necrosis factor-α release from Kupffer cells after incubation for 4 to 8 hr. Maximum tumor necrosis factor-α release induced by 400 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide was 704 ± 258 pg/ml, compared with 329 ± 91 pg/ml tumor necrosis factor-α after 100 μg/ml peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (p < 0.001). Polymyxin B blocked lipopolysaccharide stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-α by 95% ± 5% but blocked peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α by 30% ± 14% (p < 0.001). Repeat incubation of Kupffer cells with lipopolysaccharide after prior lipopolysaccharide incubation induced low tumor necrosis factor-α release (tolerance). Repeat incubation with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide induced no tolerance to tumor necrosis factor-α release. Incubation of lipopolysaccharide plus peptidoglycan-polysaccharide released less tumor necrosis factor-α than did each polymer used alone, but this inhibition was prevented by indomethacin. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2 and the adenosine A2–receptor agonist N-ethylcarboxyamideadenosine inhibited lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release by 83%, 97%, 90% and 94%, respectively, but inhibited peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release by 52%, 60%, 45% and 51%, respectively (p < 0.001 for each). This indicates that intracellular signaling pathways differ for lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and peptidoglycan-polysaccharide–stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α release. After incubation for 8 and 24 hr, 100 μg/ml peptidoglycan-polysaccharide had induced significantly more interleukin-1 release from cultured Kupffer cells than had 400 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (p < 0.001). Lipopolysaccharide induced tolerance to interleukin-1 release after repeat incubation, but peptidoglycan-polysaccharide caused no tolerance. These studies show that peptidoglycan-polysaccharide, a ubiquitous bacterial cell wall polymer, shares several proinflammatory properties with lipopolysaccharide but that there are differences that may have pathophysiological significance. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1013–1022.)
Fulminant hepatitis B virus: Recurrence after liver transplantation in two patients also infected with hepatitis delta virus
Authors: W Marsman
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease is complicated by HBV recurrence and, consequently, poor patient and graft survival. Patients transplanted for hepatitis delta virus (HDV)- related cirrhosis are reported to have a diminished incidence of HBV recurrence and improved graft survival. However, only a few reported HDV-infected patients had active HBV replicative disease before liver transplantation. In our experience, we transplanted two HDV-infected patients, both of whom had active HBV replication before liver transplantation. In one patient, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) recurred four months after transplantation. Two months later, Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA became positive, and the patient died of fulminant recurrent hepatitis B and hepatitis delta. In the other patient, HBV persisted after transplantation, and 2 months later the patient required retransplantation for fulminant recurrent hepatitis B and hepatitis delta. With the second graft, the patient remained free of HBV infection for 1 year. Thereafter, the patient experienced HBV recurrence with active replication and died of fulminant hepatitis B and delta recurrence. In the first case and in the second graft of the second case, hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) immunoprophylaxis was administered in an attempt to prevent recurrence of HBV. The literature suggests that an HDV infection inhibits the replication of HBV and therefore plays a role in preventing the recurrence of HBV and improving survival. Our experience with two patients suggests that HDV infection, in the presence of active HBV replication, may not play a protective role.
Left vs Right Atrium
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deferral of Routine Booster Doses of Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids for Adolescents and Adults
Journal: JAMA (2001)

A shortage of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) and tetanus toxoid (TT) in the United States has resulted because one of two manufacturers discontinued production of tetanus toxoid-containing products. Aventis Pasteur (Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) is the only major manufacturer of tetanus and Td in the United States. In response to the shortage, Aventis Pasteur has increased production of Td to meet national needs; however, because 11 months are required for vaccine production, the shortage is expected to last for the remainder of 2001.
Parathyroid scanning
Authors: A. J. Coakley, C. P. Wells
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The parathyroid glands are endocrine glands which produce parathormone (PTH), a hormone essential for the control of calcium metabolism. Clinical parathyroid disease occurs as a result of over-production or under-production of PTH, or from parathyroid cancer which may also result in hyperparathyroidism.