tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimated central blood volume in cirrhosis: Relationship to sympathetic nervous activity, β-adrenergic blockade and atrial natriuretic factor
Authors: J Henriksen
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The estimated central blood volume (i.e., blood volume in the heart cavities, lungs and central arterial tree) was determined by multiplying cardiac output by circulatory mean transit time in 19 patients with cirrhosis and compared with sympathetic nervous activity and circulating level of atrial natriuretic factor. Arterial norepinephrine level, an index of overall sympathetic nervous activity (3.08 nmol/L in patients vs. 1.36 nmol/L in controls; p < 0.01) was negatively correlated (r = −0.54, p < 0.01) with estimated central blood volume (mean = 23 ml/kg in patients vs. 27 ml/kg in controls; p < 0.05). Similarly, renal venous norepinephrine level (an index of renal sympathetic tone; 4.26 nmol/L in patients vs. 1.78 nmol/L in controls; p < 0.01) was inversely correlated with estimated central blood volume (r = −0.53, n = 18, p < 0.02). No significant correlation could be established between arterial atrial natriuretic factor level (8.9 pmol/L in patients vs. 9.6 pmol/L in controls; not significant) and estimated central blood volume. Hemodynamic values were subsequently modified with oral propranolol (80 mg). During β-adrenergic blockade, the mean estimated central blood volume was not altered significantly, except in six patients who exhibited decreases in mean arterial blood pressure (85 to 69 mm Hg; n = 6) and decreases in mean estimated central blood volume (23.2 to 20.6 ml/kg; n = 6, p < 0.05). Slight increases were observed in mean right atrial pressure (2.2 to 3.7 mm Hg; n = 14, p < 0.05); this change was positively correlated with the change in estimated central blood volume (r = 0.44, n = 14, p = 0.06). In conclusion, reduced estimated central blood volume probably “unloads” volume receptors and baroreceptors, thus provoking enhanced overall and renal sympathetic nervous activity and thereby contributing to increased water and salt retention in cirrhosis. During β-adrenergic blockade estimated central blood volume changes correlated with alterations in preload and afterload. These findings indicate that central circulatory and arterial underfilling is a key element of the hemodynamic derangement observed in cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;5:1163–1170.)
Abstract 271: Discrimination Performance of a Non-Invasive and Single-Channel Electroencephalography-Based Brain Cell Viability for Comparing High vs. Low Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; A Porcine Cardiac Arrest Experimental Study
Authors: Dong Sun Choi, Sang Do Shin, Tae Han Kim, Ki Jeong Hong, Hee Chan Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Gyeong Jun Song, Sung Wook Song, Eui Jung Lee, Seon Yeong Lee, Yu Seong Lee, Jin Hyung Park
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Maintenance of brain cell viability is the most important goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in cardiac arrest. We have developed an non-invasive and single-channel EEG-based Brain Resuscitation Index (EBRI) that can be used to measure the brain cell viability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) CPR can be distinguished using the EBRI. Methods: A random case-crossover experimental animal study using porcine cardiac arrest model was performed. After 1 minute of untreated ventricular fibrillation, HQ-CPR (compression depth 5 cm and compression rate 100 per min) and LQ-CPR (compression depth 3 cm and compression rate 60 per min) were alternated every 50 seconds and repeated 10 cycles overall for five pigs. The computing formula of the EBRI was developed to predict the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) value using a single-channel EEG signals attached to forehead. The EEG signals were continuously measured and calculated simultaneously with the EBRI. Receiver operating characteristic of the area under the curve (ROC-AUC) was used to compare the discrimination power of HQ-CPR versus LQ-CPR. We compared the ROC-AUCs of two EBRI models reflecting time lags )o seconds to 16 seconds) between CPR change (HQ to LQ or LQ to HQ) and measurement of EBRI) comparing with ETCO2 itself. Results: Demographics of vital signs and hemodynamic parameters were significantly different between HQ- versus LQ-CPR. (Table 1) The ETCO2 and various models of EBRI with different time lags were concordantly displayed according to HQ- and LQ-CPR alteration in Figure 1. When comparing the AUC-ROC of EBRI models with various time lags for HQ-CPR versus LQ-CPR, the EBRI with 8 seconds time lag model showed the highest value; 0.86 (0,86-0,87). The AUC-ROC of ETCO2 itself showed 0.67 (0.66-0.68). Conclusion: A non-invasive and single-channel EEG-based brain resuscitation index than ETCO2 showed the higher performance for discriminating high-and low-quality CPR in a case-crossover animal study. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Quality, Electroencephalography, Cell Viability
Impact of the universal access to direct-acting antivirals in the profile of hepatitis C treated patients
Authors: Jordi Llaneras, Mar Riveiro Barciela, Eulalia Pericas, Nuria Boixareu, Jordi Navarro, Juan Ignacio Esteban, Lluis Castells, Cristina Marcos, Maria Buti, Rafael Esteban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Clinical Pediatrics, Philadelphia
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE LUNGS AND FAT METABOLISM
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Frederick A. Klipstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Published on the 50th anniversary of the first demonstration that liver extract provides effective therapy for pernicious anemia, this monograph summarizes current knowledge of this previously fatal disease. Nearly a third of the book is devoted to a historical review of the subject, and it is obvious that the author is intimately familiar with this material, which he describes in fascinating detail. All of the great discoveries and the individuals who made them—Minot, Murphy, Whipple, Castle, and a host of others—are described along with reduplications of case histories, anecdotes, and profuse illustrations. The subsequent chapters deal with clinical and hematologic manifestations of the disease, neurologic complications, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>intrinsic factor, and pathogenic aspects of the disease. Emphasis rests almost entirely on hematologic abnormalities; unfortunately practically nothing is presented to indicate that the disorder is basically one of the gastrointestinal tract, and no summary statement is included to describe the
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Another complication of drug abuse
Authors: J. Schofferman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE intravenous abuse of drugs intended for oral use can lead to a diverse spectrum of medical complications.<sup>1</sup>Some of these complications are caused not by the drug itself, but rather by the concomitant injection of tablet filler, nonsterile diluents, or materials acquired while filtering tablet contents. A patient with a long history of intravenous use of crushed barbiturate tablets was first seen with pulmonary hypertension. He subsequently developed a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old white man was admitted to Harbor General Hospital (Torrance, Calif) in March 1972 with hematemesis, shortness of breath, and confusion of several days' duration. He admitted to the abuse of many drugs taken orally, as well as the intravenous use of heroin, amphetamines, and crushed barbiturate tablets that he strained through cotton or cigarette filters. The results of physical examination were normal except for an increased pulmonic component of
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
Authors: Julius Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have read with interest the article by McLelland and Anderson: "Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Outbreak in a University Community" (235:56,1976). While it is probable that their index case had lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), we must seriously doubt the existence of an outbreak. Their evidence for an outbreak is based on group complement fixation (CF) titers, and their interpretation of these results perpetuates earlier misconceptions of the meaning of CF reactions in a sexually active population. Although findings of the past decade indicate that chlamydiae are highly prevalent genital tract pathogens,<sup>1</sup>these commonly prevalent chlamydiae are not LGV agents, but rather the selected trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) agents that cause cervicitis and nongonococcal urethritis. It is now clear that the TRIC-agent genital tract infections cause the lowgrade CF reaction rates that in the past were erroneously attributed to a reservoir of subclinical LGV infections. In the past few years, we
Update: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome—United States, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Setting the Stage
Authors: John D. Crawford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Laboratory analyses have assumed ever greater importance in clinical diagnosis, and the number available has increased year by year. This has been largely the result of development of technics capable of detection and quantitation of constituents of blood, urine and tissue in hitherto unapproachably low concentrations. The advent of radioimmunoassay has introduced the nanogram and picogram (one billionth and one trillionth of a gram, respectively) into clinical parlance. As traditionalists, nonetheless, we are apt still to reveal our discomfort with these new terms by alluding to the same quantities by awkward multiplication of the familiar, as exemplified by the designations . . .
Military Becomes Smoke-Free Work Site This Week
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IF PENTAGON workers consider the building's central courtyard to be one of the Washington, DC, area's more pleasant places to spend a warm-weather lunch hour, military planners of the former Soviet Union apparently viewed it differently—as a prime wartime target for their nuclear weapons. Thus, the courtyard came to be nicknamed (perhaps as the US military's way of thumbing its nose at a potential danger) "Ground Zero." The Eastern bloc nuclear danger has diminished, but another deadly threat continues to hang over at least some users of the Ground Zero inner courtyard this week. Smoking still will be allowed there (as a designated outdoor tobacco-use area "reasonably accessible to workers") when tightened US Department of Defense smoking rules go into effect Friday. The department, which is the nation's largest employer with 1.7 million uniformed personnel and some 900 000 civilians on its direct payroll, announced last month that "smoking of
Mitral-valve prolapse syndrome
Authors: R. L. Popp
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE MITRAL-VALVE prolapse (MVP) syndrome is a relatively recently recognized association of various signs and symptoms. Systolic clicks, late systolic murmurs, or both have been heard by clinicians for a number of years. More than ten years ago, patients with these auscultatory findings were found to have angiographic evidence of billowing of the mitral-valve leaflets toward the left atrium during systole, frequently in association with mild mitral regurgitation.<sup>1</sup>This led to the use of these auscultatory findings as the sine qua non of the syndrome. The recent identification of preclinical and mildly symptomatic forms of MVP by echocardiography has stimulated us to reassess this condition.<sup>2</sup>We now realize that this syndrome is composed of many signs and symptoms, causing only minor degrees of disability at times. This article enumerates the elements of this fascinating syndrome as classically described and adds information gained by echocardiography. This additional information broadens
AUTO-INTOXICATION.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caught in the Middle: Should the World Trade Organization Settle Environmental Disputes?
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Since its inception in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has arbitrated trade disputes between its members in part by deciding whether unilateral actions by its 134 member nations such as trade bans or restrictions violate international free trade rules and authorizing penalties against members that are found to be noncompliant with such rules. The WTO is criticized by those who believe its emphasis on free trade undermines national environmental and public health protection efforts. Recent disputes over the importation of hormone-treated beef and genetically modified crops have focused attention on how the WTO arbitrates disputes having environmental and public health implications and sparked criticisms as to whether the organization is qualified to do so.
Association of germline variation with androgen ablation (AA) failure in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).
Authors: Samith Thomas Kochuparambil, Ben Yiming Zhang, Shaun M. Riska, Douglas W. Mahoney, Shannon McDonnell, Adam M Lee, Fernando Quevedo, Brian Addis Costello, Henry C. Pitot, Ricardo Jorge Teixeira Ribeiro, Rui Medeiros, Catia Monteiro, Augusto Nogueira, Joaquina Mauricio, Avelino Manuel Fraga, Fernando Eduardo Calais Da Silva, James Robert Cerhan, Manish Kohli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e16117 Association of germline variation with androgen ablation (AA) failure in advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) Background: Predictive markers of response to AA are not known. In a prior study, we found that 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 4 candidate hormone-related genes (JAK2, TRMT11, NKX3-1 and HSD17B12) were associated with response to AA in HSPC in a North American cohort of 519 subjects. We attempt to replicate these findings in a cohort of Portuguese patients. Methods: The Portuguese cohort consisted of 308 HSPC patients, and the primary endpoint was time to AA failure, defined as time from initiating continuous AA to two serial PSA increases over the nadir, initiation of chemotherapy for progressive disease, or clinical or imaging based progression, whichever came first. For each SNP, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for time to AA failure using a recessive model with adjustment for Gleason score (GS). Results: The median age of the Portuguese cohort was 69 years (range 43, 85). The GS distribution was 35% subjects with GS ≥ 8; 35% with GS = 7 and 30% with GS < 7. Median time to AA failure for the cohort was 1.8 years (IQ range: 0.3, 3.6). The association of each SNP with time to AA failure is shown in the table. None of the SNPs replicated. However, there was a suggestive inverse association for rs10503733 (NKX3.1) with time to AA failure (P = 0.07). Conclusions: While we were not able to replicate our initial findings, there was an unexpected association with rs10503733 (NKX3.1 gene) that may warrant additional clinical validation. SNP Gene Dominant/Recessive Recessive model Adjusted HR (95% CI) Adjusted P-value rs9388462 TRMT11 232/67 0.85 (0.53-1.36) 0.50 rs2295005 TRMT11 245/55 1.13 (0.68-1.86) 0.64 rs1268121 TRMT11 294/09 0.93 (0.34-2.53) 0.89 rs10503733 NKX3-1 281/17 0.27 (0.07-1.11) 0.070 rs7005368 NKX3-1 304/02 -- -- rs3808850 JAK2 275/26 0.81 (0.404-1.71) 0.62 rs4372063 JAK2 258/41 0.87 (0.49-1.56) 0.65 rs11037662 HSD17B12 297/07 2.41 (0.76-7.64) 0.14
A comparison of lipoprotein secretion, bile production and hepatic morphology in isolated rat livers perfused with a perfluorocarbon emulsion or rat erythrocytes
Authors: T Felker
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Isolated rat livers were perfused with an oxygenated perfluorocarbon emulsion, FC-43 emulsion for 1 to 4 hr. FC-43 emulsion contained 20% FC-43 (wt/vol) perfluorotributylamine (the fluorocarbon component for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide) emulsified with 2.56% Pluronic F-68 (a nonionic surfactant) in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. FC-43 emulsion also contained 3% hydroxyethyl starch as an oncotic agent and 1.8 mg/ml glucose. The viability (oxygen consumption), bile secretion, structural integrity and secretion of nascent lipoproteins by FC-43-perfused rat livers was compared with livers perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer that contained rat erythrocytes (25% hematocrit) and 1.5 mg/ml glucose (red blood cell medium). Oxygen consumption was somewhat higher in livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion. Bile secretion of livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion for 4 hr was reduced significantly to 40% of that by red blood cell medium. The structural integrity of livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion varied from normal to marked cellular damage. Lightmicroscopical examination of rat livers perfused with FC-43 emulsion showed ballooning of sinusoids, presence of vacuoles in sinusoidal lining cells in some hepatocytes and detachment of endothelium in sinusoids. The number of vacuoles progressively increased in longer perfusions. Electron-microscopical studies showed the presence of small (60 to 100 nm) vesicles of varying electron density, presumably fluorocarbon particles inside the vacuoles in sinusoidal lining cells (Kupffer and endothelial) and hepatocytes. After 4 hr of perfusion with FC-43 emulsion, most of the sinusoidal endothelia were denuded, and the microvilli of the hepatocytes all but disappeared. In contrast, the ultrastructure of rat livers perfused with red blood cell medium for 4 hr was unaltered. The accumulation of nascent lipoproteins in perfusates of FC-43-perfused livers was markedly reduced, and no normal very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein were isolated. Chemical analysis showed the presence of Pluronic F-68 in all lipoprotein fractions. Our data strongly suggest that, during recirculating liver perfusions with FC-43 emulsion (between 1 and 4 hr), the nonionic surfactant detergent Pluronic F-68 dissociated from the emulsion and markedly affected hepatic structure, lipoprotein secretion and the composition of lipoproteins isolated from perfusate. Therefore FC-43 emulsion is not a suitable liver-perfusion medium for studies of lipoprotein metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:340–351.)