tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Functional urinary tract obstructions
Authors: D. M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The article by Salvatierra et al on "Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux and End-Stage Renal Disease" (p 1454) in this issue shows an intelligent and praiseworthy attempt to urge more effort, on the part of the medical profession, to detect the underlying causes of renal failure in an early stage when effective treatment might be applied. It provides an opportunity to call attention to studies on functional obstruction of the urinary tract, which have been going on, relatively unnoticed, for some years.<sup>1-3</sup>The relations between structural obstruction (eg, stricture) and infection of the urinary tract are clear, but observers have been puzzled by many cases in which infection persisted despite the absence of any anatomical obstruction. Many have classified such cases as "nonobstructive infection." It has now been shown that spasm or hypertonicity of the external urethral sphincter can be a potent cause of urethral obstruction, undetectable by cystoscopic or roentgenographic
Routine Proctosigmoidoscopy
Authors: Roald N. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A statement approved by the Medical and Scientific Committee of the American Cancer Society, Jan 18, 1968, included the following remarks, which are somewhat more conservative, but none the less supportive of Dr. DeCosse's comments:— Many cancers occur at various levels in the colon. Also, it is not possible to pass the sigmoidoscope comfortably and safely to its full 25-cm length in all patients. Therefore, sigmoidoscopy will detect approximately 50% of all colon and rectal tumors. To detect those lesions that occur at levels beyond the reach of the sigmoidoscope, appropriate radiologic examinations are necessary. The optimum interval for performing repeated sigmoidoscopic examinations has not been finally determined. An annual examination is recommended for those over 40 years of age, but if the asymptomatic patient cannot be persuaded to have the examination every year, such an examination every two years is very worthwhile. In the case
THE INCREASE OF OUR MEMBERSHIP.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Access to Health Care
Authors: Amory M. Sommaripa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 July 1990Access to Health CareAmory M. Sommaripa, MDAmory M. Sommaripa, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-2-168 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The American College of Physicians is to be roundly applauded and supported for the courageous leadership displayed in its position paper on access to health care (1). A prestigious medical society took the initiative and made recommendations demonstrating that physicians can participate actively and creatively in reasonable change.Historically, the medical profession has taken a reactive, not pro-active, stance toward initiatives in health care policy. We have missed many opportunities to show progressive leadership and have disappointed and frustrated those both inside and outside the profession who looked to us for necessary innovations. This first step will...Reference1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar1. GreenbergerDaviesMaynardWallerstein NNER. Universal access to health care in America: a moral and medical imperative. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:637-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GreenbergerDaviesMaynardWallerston NNER. Universal access to health care in America: a moral and medical imperative. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:637-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GreenbergerDaviesMaynardWallerstein NNER. Universal access to health care in America: a moral and medical imperative. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:637-9. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Access to health care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:641-61. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 3039 Stump Hall Road Collegeville, PA 19426 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1990Volume 113, Issue 2Page: 168-170KeywordsHealth careHealth care policy Issue Published: 15 July 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
QuickStats: Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Cannot or Find It Very Difficult to Stand or Be on Their Feet for About 2 Hours Without Using Special Equipment,† by Age Group and Sex — National Health Interview Survey,§ United States, 2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

A reported 10.2% of adults aged ≥18 years cannot, or find it very difficult to, stand or be on their feet for about 2 hours without using special equipment. The percentage of adults who reported this difficulty increased with age: 2.9% of those aged 18-44 years, 11.8% of those aged 45-64 years, 19.1% of those 65-74 years, and 33.2% of those aged ≥75 years. Overall, women were more likely (11.9%) than men (8.3%) to report this difficulty, and higher percentages were noted for women within each age group.
Abstract 809: Response of metabolic phenotype to chemotherapy agents in a simulated tumor microenvironment
Authors: David L. Hoffman, Julie M. Rumble
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Chemotherapeutic agents inhibiting fatty acid oxidation can sensitize cells to the tumor microenvironment. Chemotherapeutic agents (CA), while standard-of-care for treating numerous types of cancer are, by nature, poisonous. Studies have shown that treatment with certain CA, such as Irinotecan, leads to chemotherapy associated steatohepatitis (CASH) resulting from the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO). While inhibition of FAO may have harmful effects on the liver, it may have a different effect in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME exists a unique metabolic environment, consisting of low [O2], low pH and high concentrations of fatty acids. Occupying the TME are immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which aid in tumor growth by suppressing T cells, which would normally attack the tumor. It is thought that the MDSCs localized to the TME undergo an alteration in metabolic phenotype, allowing them to utilize the high concentrations of fatty acids found in the TME as their primary carbon source, becoming reliant on FAO. It is therefore hypothesized that normoxic MDSCs will alter their metabolic phenotype in response to a simulated TME to favor FAO. This altered metabolic phenotype will sensitize MDSCs to inhibition of FAO by SN-38, the active metabolite of Irinotecan. The response of metabolic phenotype to hypoxic conditions will also be examine in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: David L. Hoffman, Julie M. Rumble. Response of metabolic phenotype to chemotherapy agents in a simulated tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 809.
Biological markers of cisplatin resistance in advanced testicular germ cell tumors (GCT)
Authors: A. Garcia-Velasco, I. Duran, J. Menendez, S. del Barco, J. Brunet, H. Cortes-Funes, L. G. Paz-Ares
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16063 Background: GCT of the testis show exquisite sensitivity to treatment with cisplatin. Despite the high cure rates provided by platinum-based chemotherapy, 10–20% of patients (pts) die from progressive disease. Although various cellular pathways may influence cisplatin efficacy, their actual impact has not been comprehensively investigated in tumor samples from advanced subgroups of testicular GCT. In order to define a novel molecular profile of treatment response and cisplatin resistance in GCT, we here immunohistochemically assessed the expression status of proteins in the Rb and p53 tumor suppressor pathways including p53, MDM2, and G1-phase Cyclins D1 and D2 (CD1 and CD2) in advanced testicular cancer and correlated the results with the clinical course. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 84 pts with advanced GCT treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy from 1980 to 2003 were analyzed. The immunoreactivity of p53, MDM2, CD1 and CD2 was scored according to the percentage of stained nuclei per total number of nuclei in the sample preparation. The cut-off values for tumor cell staining were defined as follows: p53 nuclear overexpression if ≥ 10% tumor nuclei stained; MDM2 overexpression if > 40% tumor nuclei stained; any trace of staining was scored as positive for CD1 expression and CD2 overexpression was considered if ≥ 5% tumor nuclei stained. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate both the predictive and the prognostic impact of each molecular marker. Results: The percentages of positive expression of p53, MDM2, CD1 and CD2 were 56, 57, 37.5 and 55%, respectively. From univariate analysis, positive CD2 expression was found to be marginally associated with shorter median duration of progression-free survival (p = 0.06). In multivariate analysis, CD2 overexpression no longer retained statistical significance with treatment response nor survival. Conclusions: Aberrant CD2 expression, a previously described early-event in germ cell tumorigenesis, appears to further determine a shorter progression-free survival in patients with advanced GCT. Further larger studies are required to validate the selective usage of the D-Type Cyclin CD2 during acquisition of cisplatin resistance by GCT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: Harold G. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The development and introduction of new and innovative equipment, eg, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) and the application of revolutionary new interventional techniques, eg, angioplasty, over the past decade have set a dizzying pace in diagnostic radiology. To evaluate some of these startling developments, we need to ask a number of questions. For instance, which study do we perform initially and which follows? How helpful is each study in reaching a diagnosis? What can these technical developments do for the patient over the long run? These and other questions must be answered if we are to ensure optimum medical care at the most reasonable cost possible. Hovering close at hand are the federal and state governmental health agencies, which also are asking such questions and demanding answers. Due to space limitations, only a partial survey of advances in three major areas of diagnostic radiology can be presented:<i>ultrasonography,</i>
Hydroxylated Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers Exert Estrogenic Effects via Non-Genomic G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor Mediated Pathways
Authors: Lin-Ying Cao, Xiao-Min Ren, Yu Yang, Bin Wan, Liang-Hong Guo, De Chen, Yong Fan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Background: Numerous studies have indicated the estrogenic effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs). However, the previous mechanistic studies focused on their estrogenic effects through genomic transcriptional activation of estrogen receptors. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the estrogenic effects of PBDEs and OH-PBDEs via nongenomic G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) pathways. Methods: The binding affinities of 12 PBDEs and 18 OH-PBDEs with GPER were determined by a fluorescence competitive binding assay in a human breast cancer cell line (SKBR3). Molecular docking was performed to simulate the interactions. Their activities on GPER pathways were investigated by detecting calcium mobilization and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in SKBR3 cells. The effects on SKBR3 cell migration were investigated using Boyden chamber and wound-healing assays. Results: Our results showed that 11 of the OH-PBDEs but none of the PBDEs bound to GPER directly. Relative binding affinities ranged from 1.3% to 20.0% compared to 17β-estradiol. Docking results suggested that the hydroxyl group played an essential role in the binding of OH-PBDEs to GPER by forming hydrogen bond interactions. Most of the OH-PBDEs activated subsequent GPER signaling pathways. Among them, 4ʹ-OH-BDE-049, 5ʹ-OH-BDE-099, and 3ʹ-OH-BDE-154 displayed the highest activity with lowest effective concentrations (LOECs) of 10–100 nM. These three OH-PBDEs also promoted SKBR3 cell migration via GPER pathways with LOECs of 0.1–1μM. Conclusion: OH-PBDEs could bind to GPER, activate the subsequent signaling pathways, and promote SKBR3 cell migration via GPER pathways. OH-PBDEs might exert estrogenic effects by a novel nongenomic mechanism involving the activation of GPER at nanomolar concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2387
MYXEDEMA HEART
Authors: GEORGE FAHR
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The cardiac features of hyperthyroidism are well known and are given due consideration in most works on heart disease. On the other hand, the myocardial weakness and heart failure nearly always found associated with hypothyroidism and myxedema are apparently little appreciated by the profession and are given scant consideration in works on heart disease. My first presentation of a typical case of myxedema heart at staff roundsat the Minneapolis General Hospital was received with great skepticism. Osler,<sup>1</sup>in the chapter on myxedema, says, "The functions of the heart are normal." Hirschfelder<sup>2</sup>says: "In myxedema there are symptoms of cardiac weakness. The patients get out of breath on very slight exertion. The pulse is small and weak.... However, as Kraus points out, the cardiac features in cachexia thyreopriva are not prominent features of the disease and hence are of little importance in connection with diseases of the heart." Mackenzie
Looking at Cancer
Authors: A. Raventos
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1970)

Group has beenengaged in clinical trials of treatment for prostatic cancer for the past ten years.The first reports showed a much higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients receiving 5.0 mg. of diethylstilbestrol daily than in those receiving pla cebo.There was a decrease in cancer mortality associated with the estrogen, but
Child Abuse
Authors: David L. Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ALTHOUGH friends often are curious about child abuse, it is unusual for patients to ask about it. The abusive parent in the physician's office may ask for help in indirect ways but rarely asks for information about abuse. Child abuse, as a disease, is in the same stage that venereal disease was a generation ago. The person who thinks he may have it is not eager to discuss it with<i>anyone</i>and is likely to approach the problem obliquely. Abused infants and children are often brought to the physician for care, but the person who brings them often comes with a complaint that has nothing to do with the obvious injury. With notable exceptions, the medical profession has not distinguished itself in recognizing child abuse. This is understandable, since little or no attention was given to the subject in medical schools until recent years. Today, many educational programs are offered
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and after treatment of genotype 1 (GT1) infection with elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/ GZR): results from the German hepatitis C registry (DHC-R)
Authors: Dietrich Hüppe, Albrecht Stoehr, Hartwig Klinker, Renate Heyne, Christine John, Karl-Georg Simon, Manfred Bilzer, Veronika Guenther, Vanessa Witte, Markus Cornberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Diagnostic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

The importance of diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) has dramatically decreased owing to the development of less invasive techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and finally magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). MRCP is becoming the gold standard in the diagnostic work-up of the pancreaticobiliary duct. However, MRCP cannot solve all the problems that occur, and still has inadequate resolution for small stones and tiny pancreatic and bile duct lesions. ERCP continues to be useful in difficult cases and when the diagnosis is uncertain, particularly when fluid collection and tissue sampling are necessary. However, several alternatives to sphincter of Oddi manometry have been proposed. Finally, ERCP is always the first step before endoscopic treatment, which in contrast to diagnostic ERCP is still widely used.
HOUT-27. THE CHALLENGE OF HEALTH UTILITY VALUES FOR GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM SURVIVAL
Authors: Nicholas Blondin, Christina Proescholdt, Justin Kelly
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The EF-14 trial was the first randomized controlled trial to report a GBM survival rate greater than 10% at 5-years. The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) has been developed to estimate the economic impact of new treatments. For the assessment of QALYs, health-utility values are needed. Utilities are preference weights that are determined either through direct elicitation methods or generic preference-bases measures, however in oncology they do not account for patients with long-term survival. This approach may understate QALYs of long-term survivors, as patients alive 5-years after diagnosis will be assigned the same utility value as patients recently diagnosed. We performed a comprehensive review of the published literature regarding health-utility values in GBM patients through a Pubmed search using glioblastoma AND health utility OR glioblastoma AND health utilities OR glioblastoma and health preference. A total of 77 publications were screened with only 3 relevant publications in health-economic context. All three publications use utilities for GBM derived from the same source (Garside et al.). These utilities were obtained from the NHS Value of Health Panel (VoHP) of which 36 members rated a total of 9 descriptive health-state scenarios. This approach assumes the constant presence of adverse events during the respective state and a constant decline in quality of life of patients in progressive state, which may particularly be inadequate for long-term survivors with sustained stable disease. Health economic evaluations of GBM treatments use utilities from Garside. There are no published utilities for GBM in a general population sample, adequately adjusting the utilities with time from diagnosis. Deriving and validating health preference-based measures from existing condition-specific questionnaires (e.g. the QLQ C-30 with its brain cancer module BN20) specifically for GBM would be beneficial and allow for adjusted utility values with time from diagnosis as already developed in multiple myeloma.
Nursing in Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat: From the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital.
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Individual placement and support (IPS) is an effective vocational intervention, but the effect of enhancing IPS with cognitive remediation and work-focused social skills training is not known.In a randomized clinical trial, Christensen and colleagues randomized 720 participants with severe mental illness to service as usual, IPS, or IPS with enhancements and found that IPS and IPS with enhancements were both associated with significantly increased employment and education rates over 18 months of follow-up.Thus, IPS and IPS with enhancements are effective, but enhancing IPS does not offer additional effects.
Tea Drinking.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York City, Nov. 1, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Admitting all that is contained in your editorial, as to the evils of tea drinking, let me say that the cup that cheers, contains blessings from a medical standpoint, which one only can see in a country where the tea house has taken the place of the saloon. Japan is a typhoid country and a cholera country; the drinking of hot water is, for the Japanese, a sanitary necessity; but who would ever have consented to indulge in such a beverage even when prescribed by a Budhist priest, if the water had not been pleasantly flavored? Happily for them, tea drinking was introduced in the eighth or ninth century, and they have had time to become perfectly infatuated with it. Coffee was unknown until introduced by Europeans, in the sixteenth century by the Dutch, from Java. But it never made any
Mutations in NRAS Codon 61 AND KRAS Codon 146 are Poor Prognostic Factors in Patients who Received Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: N. Takahashi, Y. Yamada, H. Taniguchi, K. Akiyoshi, Y. Honma, S. Iwasa, K. Kato, T. Hamaguchi, Y. Shimada
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)