tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioequivalence of Levothyroxine Preparations: Issues of Science, Publication, and Advertising-Reply
Authors: Betty J. Dong
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We would like to acknowledge the many letters and encouraging words of support that we have received from both old and new colleagues since the publication of our study. We do not believe that our story suggests that all future collaborations with industry are doomed. We agree with Dr Dreyer and others<sup>1,2</sup>that academic researchers should not agree to restrictive contracts forbidding publication rights. Dr DeGroot and Drs St. Germain and Ridgway disagree with our findings. DeGroot's understanding that AUC data are only logical for compounds with rapid turnover is incorrect, and a revisiting of pharmacokinetic principles is needed. The AUC measurements are valid for thyroxine with a half-life of 7 days, if it is taken under steady and comparable conditions, as in our study. The pharmacokinetic data and the clinical outcome of the subjects who received each product for 6 weeks clearly show that the 4 levothyroxine preparations
Solving the Communication Problem
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Caution Still Indicated
Authors: Robert W. Schrier
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become a major component of modern clinical therapeutics. These drugs are popular because of their effectiveness in a wide range of disorders commonly encountered in medical practice, including arthritis, tendonitis, orthopedic injuries, and even dysmenorrhea. While nephrologists would not debate that NSAIDs are clinically effective, the widespread use of these agents has resulted in a growing recognition that the drugs are capable of causing acute deterioration in renal function. Many nephrologists report that NSAIDs now rank behind only aminoglycosides as a cause of nephrotoxic acute renal failure (ARF) in their practices. Exact incidence data are not yet available; it is this important and pertinent issue that Fox and Jick<sup>1</sup>address in the current article on NSAIDs and renal failure. Of the several adverse effects these agents may have on renal function, two are most commonly recognized. The first is a reversible decrement in renal
The Study of Anatomy Written for the Medical Student
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Responding to Fecal Accidents in Disinfected Swimming Venues
Journal: JAMA (2001)

These recommendations are solely for management of fecal accidents in disinfected recreational water venues. The recommendations do not address use of other nonchlorine disinfectants because there is limited pathogen inactivation data for many of these compounds. Because improper handling of chlorinated disinfectants could cause injury, appropriate occupational safety and health requirements should be followed.
Costimulation controls diabetes by altering the balance of pathogenic and regulatory T cells
Authors: Hélène Bour-Jordan, Benoît L. Salomon, Heather L. Thompson, Gregory L. Szot, Matthew R. Bernhard, Jeffrey A. Bluestone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The development of autoimmune diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse results from a breakdown in tolerance to pancreatic islet antigens. CD28-B7 and CD40 ligand–CD40 (CD40L-CD40) costimulatory pathways affect the development of disease and are promising therapeutic targets. Indeed, it was shown previously that diabetes fails to develop in NOD–B7-2–/– and NOD-CD40L–/– mice. In this study, we examined the relative role of these 2 costimulatory pathways in the balance of autoimmunity versus regulation in NOD mice. We demonstrate that initiation but not effector function of autoreactive T cells was defective in NOD–B7-2–/– mice. Moreover, the residual proliferation of the autoreactive cells was effectively controlled by CD28-dependent CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg's), as depletion of Treg's partially restored proliferation of autoreactive T cells and resulted in diabetes in an adoptive-transfer model. Similarly, disruption of the CD28-B7 pathway and subsequent Treg deletion restored autoimmunity in NOD-CD40L–/– mice. These results demonstrate that development of diabetes is dependent on a balance of pathogenic and regulatory T cells that is controlled by costimulatory signals. Thus, elimination of Treg's results in diabetes even in the absence of costimulation, which suggests a need for alternative strategies for immunotherapeutic approaches.
THE GERMAN YELLOW-FEVER EXPEDITION.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
hzVSF, a novel HBV therapeutic candidate, shows WHsAg loss in woodchuck hepatitis model and safety in phase I clinical study
Authors: Byoung Ahn, Byong Cheol Lee, Hyun-Jun Kim, Sungman Park, Yena Lee, Yunjin Choi, Han Earl Kim, Yoon-Won Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Formation of 7α- and 7β-hydroxylated bile acid precursors from 27-hydroxycholesterol in human liver microsomes and mitochondria
Authors: J Shoda
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In a search for enzymes involved in the formation of bile acids from 27-hydroxycholesterol in humans, the metabolism of this and other side-chain oxygenated steroids was studied in human liver microsomes and mitochondria. The microsomal fraction contained enzyme(s) catalyzing 7α-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol and 3β-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid, whereas the 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol and 3β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid was low. Only small amounts of 7β-hydroxylated products were formed. Purification and subfractionation of microsomal protein yielded a fraction of cytochrome P-450, which required NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and catalyzed 7α-hydroxylation of the side-chain oxygenated 3β-hydroxy-δ5-C27-steroids but was inactive toward cholesterol. Added cholesterol did not inhibit the observed enzymatic activity. The results provide evidence that this enzyme is different from cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. The mitochondrial fraction contained enzyme(s) that catalyzed an isocitrate-dependent 7α-hydroxylation of 3β-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid. The activity was much lower with 27-hydroxycholesterol. The mitochondrial fraction also catalyzed the oxidation of the 27-hydroxy group and contained a 3β-hydroxy-δ5-steroid dehydrogenase active on 7α-hydroxylated C27-steroids. The metabolic end product of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes was 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid. A considerable fraction of the 7α-hydroxy-δ5 intermediates was also converted to the corresponding 7β-hydroxysteroids, probably by way of the 7-oxosteroids, suggesting the presence of an epimerizing enzyme in the mitochondrial fraction. This study shows that 7α-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-cholestenoic acid, which is believed to be an important precursor of chenodeoxycholic acid in human beings, can be formed from 27-hydroxycholesterol or 3β-hydroxy-5-cholestenoic acid by the action of 7α-hydroxylases present in the microsomal and mitochondrial fractions. These enzymes, found to be more active in humans and pigs than in rats and rabbits, can catalyze the formation of bile acids by way of pathways that bypass the microsomal cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase as the rate-limiting enzyme. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:395–403.)
Acute myocardial infarction in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Authors: M. R. Nair
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ANGINA pectoris, syncope, sudden death, and ECG changes simulating acute myocardial infarction are all well-recognized features of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS).<sup>1,2</sup>Acute myocardial infarction associated with coronary artery disease has been described in patients with IHSS.<sup>3</sup>Acute myocardial infarction occurring in young patients with IHSS in the presence of normal coronary arteries, verified by either arteriography or necropsy, has been described only rarely.<sup>4</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 19-year-old man was seen in the emergency room of Providence Hospital, Southfield, Mich, complaining of palpitations and severe crushing retrosternal chest pain starting suddenly after shoveling snow on Jan 27, 1978. Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis had been diagnosed in this patient in June 1973. An echocardiogram in May 1977 showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy with a septal thickness of 18 to 20 mm and left ventricular wall thickness of 8 mm, giving a ratio of 2.25 to 2.5, and marked systolic
Percutaneous Brachial Cerebral Angiography
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serving up Food Safety: Who Wants a Piece of the Pie?
Authors: Charles W. Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A total of 12 federal agencies, plus their state counterparts, contribute to the regulatory snarl that governs the safety of the American food supply. With so much federal oversight, one might expect U.S. foods to be virtually risk-free. But this is hardly the case; contaminated food is responsible for 75 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. Recent reports from the General Accounting Office and the National Research Council claim that creation of a single agency with centralized authority is the best solution to U.S. food safety problems. Some experts agree that regulatory gaps in food safety highlight the need for centralized leadership, and that more money is necessary to fund the number of inspectors needed to adequately inspect the food supply before it reaches consumers. The single-agency concept has garnered congressional, industry, and scientific support, but the idea isn't without its skeptics, who believe that consolidating food safety under a single agency eliminates checks and balances offered by the current system and, more importantly, runs the risk of politicizing the agency.
Snake Oil
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his interesting review of American folk medicines, Dr Whorton<sup>1</sup>suggests that snake oil was used as a specific treatment for arthritis because of the suppleness of the snake. That is probably not the only reason. Snakes, or a specific kind, the viper, were included in many medicines, but particularly in the theriacs, multi-ingredient panaceas of which the most famous, touted by Galen himself, included vipers. Whether the vipers were best included as dried powder or as oil and whether they should be stimulated into a rage before cooking them were subjects of considerable debate for many centuries.<sup>2</sup>The most famous theriac, that of Andromachus, was the one Galen advertised; Andromachus is said to have first added viper to his theriac when a viper's victim was cured by drinking water in which several vipers had drowned.<sup>3</sup> Dr William Heberden, of anginal fame, campaigned to
THERAPEUTIC PESSIMISM.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurological surgery
Authors: R. H. Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Stereotactic techniques are being applied increasingly in open cranial operations to improve the accuracy of the approach to intracranial targets. At the same time, there is more use of anatomic information from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, especially surface imaging, and of functional information from techniques such as magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, and somatosensory evoked potential testing.<sup>1,2</sup>(Magnetoencephalography is a noninvasive method of monitoring the spatial and temporal pattern of neurophysiological activity within the brain; unlike electroencephalography, which measures electrical activity within the brain, magnetoencephalography measures the magnetic fields caused by such electrical activity.) The combination of such anatomic and functional data helps the surgeon plan the least harmful trajectory to the patient's lesion, with avoidance of injury to cortical areas that are important for movement, sensation, and speech. The use of endoscopic techniques in neurosurgery dates back to 1910 when a urologist named L'Espinasse used a cystoscope to fulgurate
Modulation of the acute respiratory effects of winter air pollution by serum and dietary antioxidants: a panel study
Authors: L Grievink, S.c van der Zee, G Hoek, H.m Boezen, P van′t Veer, B Brunekreef
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Cough-related variables such as cough frequency, time to onset (i.e. the time until the first cough occurs) and the cough index (i.e. the ratio between the cough frequency and the time to onset) may be important when interpreting results of cough challenges for therapeutic interventions or for comparative research purposes. Nevertheless, repeatability (or reproducibility) for these widely used variables has been poorly studied. In thirty normal subjects, coughing was induced by inhalation of threshold (T) and suprathreshold (1.6 x T) concentrations of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (fog). Cough threshold was taken as the lowest fog concentration that evoked at least one cough effort during two challenges separated by a 30-min interval. During challenges performed at both threshold and suprathreshold stimulus intensity, cough frequency, time to onset, and the cough index were assessed; within-subject repeatability for these variables was subsequently evaluated. Median +/- interquartile range cough threshold value was 0.9+/-0.5 mL x min(-1). During the two challenges performed to assess cough threshold, the mean +/-SD values of cough frequency, time to onset, and cough index were similar (5.0+/-2.7 and 5.3+/-3.1 coughs x min(-1), 32.4+/-13.3 and 32.9+/-13.6 s, and 0.2+/-0.2 and 0.2+/-0.2, respectively). However, none of these cough-related variables proved to be sufficiently repeatable. During the two challenges performed at suprathreshold stimulus intensity, mean values of cough frequency, time to onset, and cough index were also similar (20.0+/-9.0 and 18.2+/-10.2 coughs x min(-1), 13.5+/-5.8 and 12.0+/-4.62 s, and 1.7+/-1.0 and 1.8+/-1.2); furthermore, all considered variable of suprathreshold challenge turned out to be reproducible. In conclusion, during fog challenges at threshold stimulus intensity, cough frequency, time to onset and cough index cannot reliably be used for evaluating cough responses. However, these cough-related variables may represent useful and reliable research tools in the evaluation of suprathreshold cough responses.
Allied Health Education and Accreditation
Authors: Hannah L. Hedrick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>COOPERATION AMONG THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS</h3> For the past 50 years, the American Medical Association has participated extensively in activities to promote quality in allied health education and in accreditation review processes. In collaboration with the AMA, more than 40 allied health organizations and related medical specialty societies have developed educational standards for 25 allied health professions (Appendix IV, Table 1). Using these standards, the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation (CAHEA) accredits more than 3,000 allied health educational programs (Table 1) at almost 1,800 institutions, including hospitals and clinics, junior-community colleges, colleges and universities, and other institutions throughout the United States (Appendix IV, Table 2; and the Figure). Central to the development of quality within allied health educational programs are the<i>Essentials</i>, ie, the minimum acceptable standards for entry-level education. The AMA cooperates with the collaborating organizations in developing and adopting<i>Essentials</i>. In December 1976, the AMA House of
International Symposium on the Application of the Dose Limitation System in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities and Other Radiation Practices
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article International Symposium on the Application of the Dose Limitation System in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities and Other Radiation Practices Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Page 1198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.1198-b Published: 01 November 1980
Examining the Internship
Authors: Marian Craighill
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Wentz and Ford<sup>1</sup>provided an interesting historical review of the internship year of graduate medical education. We wish to respond to some of their observations, and to offer a few of our own. The authors appropriately draw attention to the effects of internship on the young physician's mental health. Severe emotional distress, depression, sleep deprivation, impaired cognition, irritability, and impaired interpersonal relationships ("most notably with wife and family") are mentioned. We must point out that the internship affects husbands as well as wives—women made up 24% of all residents in 1983 and were found in all specialties with accredited programs.<sup>2</sup> Although the authors caution that these potential effects "must not be lightly dismissed," they cite one study<sup>3</sup>that "suggests that interns do tend to retrospectively exaggerate the degree of emotional distress they experience." We question the conclusions of that study, which are based on