tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences Between Anonymous and Confidential Registrants for HIV Testing—Seattle, 1986-1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing is a major component of the public health effort to contain the HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. However, persons may avoid HIV testing in part because they fear discrimination and legal sanctions if their drug use, sexual behavior, or test results became public (1,2). Anonymous testing has been offered to address these fears, but it is not clear whether anonymous testing, compared with confidential testing, actually results in testing more persons at risk for or infected with HIV. This report, using registration data from a freestanding HIV-testing clinic in Seattle, compares demographic, behavioral, and serologic characteristics of anonymous and confidential registrants during 1986-1992.
Challenge for immunization programs: protect preschool, postschool generations
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE NATIONAL Immunization Program in effect for the past quarter century has resulted in record-high levels of vaccine coverage and a record-low incidence of disease among school-age children in this country. But a new task looms. It is to immunize the populations that are either younger or older than general school age—infants, preschool children, and adults—against vaccine-preventable diseases. Reaching those at either end of this age spectrum is several orders of magnitude more complex than programs directed at those entering school, says Walter A. Orenstein, MD. He is the new director, Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta. Officials estimate that 97% of children entering school are adequately immunized against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, mumps, rubeola, and rubella. But as Orenstein reported at the CDC's 22nd annual Immunization Conference in San Antonio, Tex, there are indications—although unfortunately no hard figures—that substantial numbers of preschool children are not vaccinated at
Amphetamine Abuse
Authors: John C. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Abuse of amphetamines administered intravenously has become a well established and extensive form of drug abuse. The abuse potential of these drugs when taken by the intravenous route is greater than when taken orally and is comparable to that of heroin or cocaine. Tolerance builds rapidly and an abstinence syndrome develops which leads to a typical pattern in which the user takes the drug continuously and in immense doses for about five days during which he does not sleep. During this time he gradually becomes more paranoid and disorganized. He then desists for a day or two and falls into a prolonged semicomatose state. Upon awakening he is still lethargic and feels the need to resume his drug for a new round.
Distribution of nephrological services for adults in Great Britain. Report of the Executive Committee of the Renal Association.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A survey was performed to find out how many doctors in Great Britain were providing nephrological services. The number of such doctors in each region correlated closely with the size of population, but the relation between the numbers of sessions they provided and the size of population, though significant, was not nearly so close. The number of sessions provided correlated strongly with both the number of patients on dialysis and the number of outpatients seen each week. These findings indicated that nephrological services were unevenly distributed throughout the country, while patients with renal diseases are probably evenly distributed. Even in the regions providing the most sessions demand still exceeds supply. In Britain only 62-0 patients per million population were being treated for terminal renal failure at 31 December 1975, whereas over twice that number were being treated in Switzerland (136-1 per million) and Denmark (132-4 per million). Despite the deficiencies in the service, doctors attempt to see all patients with a renal disorder at least once and to treat acute renal failure, though many patients cannot be followed up.
Changes in surgical management of hemophiliacs. Pseudotumor of the ilium
Authors: S. Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. J. B. Shumaker, Junior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis; Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 49-year-old white male was admitted to the Jewish Hospital for the first time on July 29, 1967, because he had had a tender mass in the left lower quadrant and pain in the left hip radiating to the flank for six months. The patient was known to have hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) and had had multiple episodes of hemarthrosis and hematuria. Plasma AHF (factor VIII) assays had shown levels less than 1% of the normal amount. In the past six months there had been a weight loss of 10 to 15 lb (4.5 to 6.8 kg), but otherwise the patient had been asymptomatic. The patient was a well-developed, well-nourished man in no acute distress. The temperature was 98.6 F (37 C); the pulse rate, 92 beats
Nutritional Considerations in Designing Animal Models of Metal Toxicity in Man
Authors: M. R. Spivey Fox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In recent years, exposure of man to increasing amounts of metals has occurred rather generally from industrial contamination and variably from intake of dietary mineral supplements. Adverse effects of individual metals can be markedly altered by dietary levels of other essential and nonessential inorganic elements, essential organic nutrients and other nonessential dietary components. Experimental diets for establishing baseline responses to excess elements should be formulated to meet the animal's requirements only. These reference diets can then be modified to mimic man's average dietary intake as well as meal patterns. Improved animal models should provide better data for assessing hazards of excess metal intake by man.
NIELS STENSEN (1638-1686)— PHYSICIAN, GEOLOGIST, AND PRIEST
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infectious Hepatitis: I. Study of Variations of Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT): 155 Case Studies
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Imaging and Therapy—Potential, Problems, and Prospects”
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article NATO Advanced Study Institute on “Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Imaging and Therapy—Potential, Problems, and Prospects” Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 4, April 1986, Page 779, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.4.779-a Published: 01 April 1986
Urinary tract infection and reflux
Authors: A. B. Belman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The article by Berger et al in this issue ofTHE JOURNAL(p 56) points out the possible end results of a specific combination of urologic events in children. In 24 of the 25 patients described, urinary tract infection was noted on presentation. It is likely that infection played a role in the 25th patient as well. In the boys, obstruction was present in most; in the girls, however, primary vesicoureteral reflux was the only anatomic abnormality found in all except one. The fact that these patients present almost exclusively with urinary tract infection should alert us to the importance of that finding in young children. Studies have reiterated the importance of evaluating children with culture-documented (&gt;105 colonies per milliliter) urinary tract infection and confirm the high incidence of anatomic abnormalities that exist in that group.<sup>1</sup>Vesicoureteral reflux is not only the most common but also the most significant
Forensic Psychiatry
Authors: Jacques M. Quen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I want to comment on the MEDICAL NEWS article "Forensic psychiatry—friend of the court" (242:125, 1979). The author reports that "In 1843, M'Naghten tried to shoot the prime minister and instead killed the man's secretary." She also characterizes the M'Naghten Rule as the "oldest insanity test." Both of these are popular misconceptions that tend to further complicate the understanding of the insanity defense and the problems that have developed during its use. Legal tests for insanity go back, at least, to the 13th-century English jurist Henri de Bracton, who defined a madman as one who has no more reason than an "infant, a brute, or a wild beast."<sup>1</sup>Legal commentators since Bracton (including Coke, Lambarde, Hale, and Blackstone) have added other definitions. In 1724, Bracton's test was used and later labeled the "wild beast test."<sup>1</sup>In 1800, in the trial of James Hadfield, delusion was
Uptake of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer in older and younger patients in the Irish population.
Authors: Seamus Coyle, Zia Rehman, Chalen Lee, Sandra Deady, Harry Comber, Miriam O'Connor, Paula Calvert, Anne M Horgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

478 Background: Colon cancer is predominantly a disease of the elderly, with recent evidence supporting the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the older population. However, it remains unclear to what degree such patients are receiving adjuvant therapy in clinical practice. We examined uptake of adjuvantchemotherapy and it’s impact on survival in older patients with stage II and stage III colon cancer in a national cohort. Methods: Using the National cancer Registry of Ireland, we identified 3,486 patients with stage II and III colon cancer who were treated with curative resection from 2004-2009. Clinopathological features and chemotherapy use were compared between those ≥70 years and those &lt; 70 years. Results: A total of 2,026 patients with stage II disease were identified, 56% male and 60% ≥ 70 years. T3 tumors accounted for 81%, T4 19% and 89% were grade 2/3. Adjuvant chemotherapy was utilized in 10% and 40% of ≥ 70 and &lt;70 years, respectively (p&lt;0.0001). A benefit for chemotherapy over observation alone was seen in both the older [HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.36 – 0.68; p &lt;0.0001] and younger patient groups [HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.2701 - 0.6881; p&lt;0.0004]. Of 1,460 patients with stage III disease, 51% were ≥ 70 years, 54% male. 34% of older and 83% of younger patients received adjuvant therapy (p&lt;0.0001). A similar magnitude of benefit from chemotherapy compared to observation was seen in patients ≥ 70 years [HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.29 - 0.45 ; p &lt;0.0001] and &lt;70 years [HR 0.22 95%CI 0.1 – 0.2; p&lt;0.0001] with stage III disease. Conclusions: Adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be associated with significant survival benefit in older patients (age ≥ 70 years), however, is still underutilized in clinical practice. The impact of sociodemographic and clinicopathological features as potential drivers of treatment decisions in a cohort of this population will be reported.
Geographic Differences in HIV Infection Among Hispanics or Latinos—46 States and Puerto Rico, 2010
Journal: JAMA (2012)

In the United States, Hispanics or Latinos are disproportionately affected by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2010, new diagnoses of HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos occurred at an annual rate that was 2.8 times that of non-Hispanic whites (20.4 versus 7.3 per 100,000 persons). To further assess HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos in the United States, CDC analyzed the geographic distribution of new diagnoses in 2010 in 46 states and Puerto Rico and the characteristics of those diagnosed. The results of this analysis determined that a lower percentage of infections were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact in Puerto Rico than in the 46 states (36.1% versus 66.5%) and a higher percentage were attributed to heterosexual contact (40.7% versus 22.0%) or injection-drug use (IDU) (20.4% versus 8.6%). In the 46 states, the rate of new diagnoses of HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos in the Northeast Census region in 2010 (55.0 per 100,000 persons) was more than twice as high as in other regions, and a higher percentage of those with a new HIV diagnosis were born in Puerto Rico or had their HIV infection attributed to IDU, compared with other regions. Geographic differences in HIV infection among Hispanics or Latinos should be addressed with HIV testing, prevention, and treatment efforts tailored to specific communities.
Recognition of major histocompatibility complex antigens on cultured human biliary epithelial cells by alloreactive lymphocytes
Authors: S Saidman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We have developed an in vitro system to study the interactions between biliary epithelium and lymphocytes using cultured human biliary epithelial cells. No class II antigens were detected by immunoperoxidase staining of the normal biliary epithelial cells, but alloactivated lymphocyte culture supernatants were able to induce class II expression. The activity of the supernatants was blocked with an anti-γ-interferon monoclonal antibody. In addition, recombinant human γ-interferon alone induced the expression of class II antigens and increased the intensity of class I staining of cultured biliary epithelial cells. Biliary epithelial cell-induced proliferation of alloreactive T lymphocytes demonstrated that the major histocompatibility complex molecules carry functional lymphocyteactivating determinants. The recognition of major histocompatibility complex determinants was confirmed by monoclonal antibody-blocking studies and by stimulation of an alloreactive T-cell clone. However, the biliary epithelial cells were much less potent stimulators than arterial endothelial cells tested in the same assay system. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:239–246).
DENTITION IN INFANTS.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Observations on Respiratory and Vasomotor Disturbance as Related to Cervical Cordotomies
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in human hepatoma cells: Effect of glucose
Authors: P Weiss
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The hepatic receptor for asialoglycoproteins was found to be modulated by the glucose concentration in the medium of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The surface binding of asialoorosomucoid, a well-documented ligand for this receptor, increased from 20 ng/mg of cellular protein to about 40 ng/mg as the glucose concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/dl. The up-modulating effect of glucose was mimicked by pyruvate, a product of glucose metabolism, and abolished by both 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, and by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Scatchard plot analysis indicated a rise in the number of binding sites and a twofold increase in binding affinity. In contrast, the binding of antibody remained unchanged with respect to alterations in glucose concentration, an indication that the actual number of receptors remained constant in face of an increased number of binding sites. Specificity of the glucose effect was shown by the binding of insulin and transferrin to their respective receptors, which was unaffected by the high glucose concentration that increased asialoorosomucoid binding. The repression of receptor binding seen with cells grown in biotin-deprived medium was reversed by increasing the glucose concentration of the medium. In this case, binding was restored to a level sixfold to sevenfold higher than that of the control cells grown in dialyzed serum. The stimulatory effect of glucose was shown to be independent of and significantly greater than that of cyclic GMP, a known regulator of receptor expression of biotin-deficient HepG2 cells. These results suggest that increasing glucose concentrations effect an activation of either silent or nonfunctional receptors or increase the stoichiometry of ligand binding per receptor complex. The data provided here are interpreted as suggesting a potential role of glucose in maintaining hepatic homeostasis through regulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (Hepatology 1994;19:432–439).
Physiology of Adolescence
Authors: Felix P. Heald, Mary Daugela, Philip Brunschuyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

MUCH has been written about the adolescent in the last decade. The changes that occur during adolescence in body mass as well as function are dramatic. As an example, body weight may double in boys from twelve through eighteen years. There is a less dramatic though notable spurt in osseous development manifested by increments in height, which may be as much as 8 inches in a single year. Less emphasis has been placed on the changes in physiologic function during adolescence. In the preparation of this review it became increasingly clear that many of the sex differences in physiologic functioning . . .
The Navigation Guide—Evidence-Based Medicine Meets Environmental Health: Systematic Review of Human Evidence for PFOA Effects on Fetal Growth
Authors: Paula I. Johnson, Patrice Sutton, Dylan S. Atchley, Erica Koustas, Juleen Lam, Saunak Sen, Karen A. Robinson, Daniel A. Axelrad, Tracey J. Woodruff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: The Navigation Guide methodology was developed to meet the need for a robust method of systematic and transparent research synthesis in environmental health science. We conducted a case study systematic review to support proof of concept of the method.Objective: We applied the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology to determine whether developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) affects fetal growth in humans.Methods: We applied the first 3 steps of the Navigation Guide methodology to human epidemiological data: 1) specify the study question, 2) select the evidence, and 3) rate the quality and strength of the evidence. We developed a protocol, conducted a comprehensive search of the literature, and identified relevant studies using prespecified criteria. We evaluated each study for risk of bias and conducted meta-analyses on a subset of studies. We rated quality and strength of the entire body of human evidence.Results: We identified 18 human studies that met our inclusion criteria, and 9 of these were combined through meta-analysis. Through meta-analysis, we estimated that a 1-ng/mL increase in serum or plasma PFOA was associated with a –18.9 g (95% CI: –29.8, –7.9) difference in birth weight. We concluded that the risk of bias across studies was low, and we assigned a "moderate" quality rating to the overall body of human evidence.Conclusion: On the basis of this first application of the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology, we concluded that there is "sufficient" human evidence that developmental exposure to PFOA reduces fetal growth.Citation: Johnson PI, Sutton P, Atchley DS, Koustas E, Lam J, Sen S, Robinson KA, Axelrad DA, Woodruff TJ. 2014. The Navigation Guide—evidence-based medicine meets environmental health: systematic review of human evidence for PFOA effects on fetal growth. Environ Health Perspect 122:1028–1039; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307893