tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OC-030 Serum lipids and the risk of developing symptomatic gallstones: a UK prospective cohort study
Authors: P J R Banim, R Luben, H Bulluck, N J Wareham, S Sharp, K Khaw, A R Hart
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The formation of gallstones may be influenced by alcohol consumption, physical activity and obesity through their effects on serum lipids. The aim of this study was to investigate if the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) were associated with the risk of symptomatic gallstones, for the first time in a European prospective cohort study. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 21 850 men and women aged 45 to 74 years were recruited into the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study between 1993 and 1997 and donated blood samples at enrolment. The cohort was then monitored over 14 years to identify participants who developed symptomatic gallstones, with each case reviewed by a physician to confirm the diagnoses. A cohort analysis was performed using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for developing symptomatic gallstones, in each gender, between quartiles of sex-specific serum lipid levels. In women, the HRs were adjusted for parity and hormone replacement therapy. <h3>Results</h3> During follow-up, 179 women and 81 men developed symptomatic gallstones at a median age of 61.8 years (range 42.7–76.5 years) with most patients presenting with biliary colic. Serum HDL was negatively associated with gallstones in both genders. For men, the highest compared to the lowest quartile of HR=0.22 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.53, p for trend across quartiles=0.001) and for women the HR=0.52 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.81, p for trend=0.004). Serum triglycerides were positively associated with gallstone disease in women (highest compared to lowest quartile HR=2.36, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.77, p for trend&lt;0.001). The equivalent results in men were of borderline significance (HR=1.84, 95% CI 0.94 to 3.60, p for trend=0.052). No effect was found for serum cholesterol and LDL. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study confirmed that raised serum triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of symptomatic gallstones whereas raised serum HDL is associated with a decreased risk. These findings provide plausible biological mechanisms for how alcohol, physical activity and obesity influence the development of gallstones. If the latter are altered in public health programmes then the incidence of gallstones could be significantly reduced.
Psoralen phototherapeutic agents
Authors: S. W. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Photosensitizers have been used in medicine for several thousand years. In the past, the effect being sought was repigmentation of light areas in the skin. Most of the orally administered or locally applied preparations were obtained from plants that contain psoralen (furocoumarin).<sup>1</sup>Only with the work of Kuske<sup>2</sup>and that of Fahmy and Abu-Shady<sup>3</sup>did scientific investigation of these compounds begin. Since then scientific and clinical investigations have continued in many countries. Pathak and co-workers<sup>4,5</sup>studied the relationship between the molecular configuration of furocoumarins and their ability to photosensitize to long-wave ultraviolet light. The most active compounds were found to be psoralen, 4-methylpsoralen, 5′-8-dimethylpsoralen, 4-5′-8-trimethylpsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and 5-methoxypsoralen. Further investigation<sup>6</sup>of the excitation fluorescence and phosphorescence wave-lengths of psoralen indicated the probable sequence of change. Ultraviolet light in the range of 360 mμ induces the formation of free radicals in the psoralen molecule, and this
Allele Diversity of the H-ras-1 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats in Norwegian Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: David Ryberg, Toril Tefre, Vidar Skaug, Lodve Stangeland, Steinar Ovrebo, Anne Naalsund, Anne-Lise Borresen, Aage Haugen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

We have examined restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the H-ras-1 gene in germ-line DNA from 214 lung cancer patients and 309 unaffected controls. When DNA samples were digested with MspI/HpaII, Southern blot analysis revealed at least 22 different alleles, grouped according to their frequencies as common, intermediate, and rare. The frequency of rare alleles in lung cancer patients (16/428) is significantly different (p = 0.002) from that in the control group (5/618). Individuals with rare alleles were found to be at 4.7-fold greater risk of lung cancer than those with no rare alleles.
BUCHAREST
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leo Lamphere
Authors: Howard Ringler
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> On the afternoon of Oct 7, 1964, a robust 50-year-old white male was brought by ambulance to the emergency room complaining of sharp right anterior chest pain preceded by cough and bloody sputum, followed later by constricting substernal chest pain with radiation into the left arm. He allegedly experienced these symptoms while working on a moving van. He offered a history of recent thrombophlebitis. Severe varicosities, swelling of both legs, stasis dermatitis, and an ecchymotic area of swelling and tenderness in the left groin were noted. He appeared to be in acute respiratory distress but demonstrated no cyanosis. The patient was given meperidine (Demerol) hydrochloride while an electrocardiogram and portable chest x-ray were done; both were negative. Both deltoids and both gluteal regions were markedly indurated, seemingly due to multiple injections. The patient explained that he had received Depo-Heparin sodium by a previous physician. Later, a massive
Abstract 5127: Association of inactivating calcium sensing receptor exon 7 SNPs with hypercalcemia-related disease phenotypes
Authors: Ky'Era Actkins, Heather Beasley, Annika Faucon, Lea Davis, Amos Sakwe
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a ubiquitously expressed G-protein coupled receptor known to be a major calcium sensor in most tissues and organ systems. It is known to regulate systemic calcium homeostasis by sensing slight increases in systemic calcium and by influencing the secretion of parathyroid hormone by parathyroid chief cells. Unfortunately, the CaSR is known to be invariably mutated and inactivating mutations in particular, are associated with the development of cancer-induced hypercalcemia (CIH). Among the several inactivating CASR polymorphisms described thus far, the rs1801725 (A986S SNP) is common among Caucasian subjects while the rs1801726 (Q1011E SNP) is common among African American subjects. However, whether these mutations contribute to other hypercalcemia-related disease phenotypes remains unclear. In this study, we carried out a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) using the Synthetic Derivative (SD), a database at VUMC containing de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) linked to patient DNA samples in the BioVU biorepository. Using 39,893 genotyped individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array (MEGA), we observed that SNP rs1801725 was significantly associated with disorders of bone and cartilage (p = 5.93e-6, OR = 1.28) as well as with secondary malignancy of bone (p = 1.46e-5, OR = 1.21); whereas SNP rs1801726 was significantly associated with osteoporosis related phenotypes (p = 5.93e-6, OR = 1.28). Given that breast cancer and other solid tumors frequently metastasize to skeletal tissues, these data suggests that the inactivating rs1801725 and rs1801726 CaSR variants differentially influence hypercalcemia-related comorbidities and cancer metastasis to bone. We will further verify these effects using the associated clinical data and perform genetic risk analyses for the expression of these SNPs and the associated disease phenotypes. Citation Format: Ky'Era Actkins, Heather Beasley, Annika Faucon, Lea Davis, Amos Sakwe. Association of inactivating calcium sensing receptor exon 7 SNPs with hypercalcemia-related disease phenotypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5127.
Biological Monitoring of Workers Exposed to Emissions from Petroleum Plants
Authors: Diana Anderson, Jane Anne Hughes, Antonina Cebulska-Wasilewska, Anna Wierzewska, Eva Kasper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper presents some of the results from the Commission of the European Communities collaborative research program (contract number EV5V-CT92-0221), whose aim is to investigate the relationship between exposure to petroleum emissions, benzene, and induction of genetic damage in human cells.Twenty-four workers from petroleum plants in Poland and 35 unexposed controls were examined for cytogenetic effects and ras oncoprotein levels and their relationship to confounding factors (e.g., smoking habit, sex, family cancer history, and seasonal influence).Preliminary data of chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) showed differences among sampling subgroups.In this present study, the levels of ras p21 proteins were determined and further analyses of CA, SCE, high frequency cells (HFC), and proliferative rate index (PRI) have been undertaken.Results show that the exposed group has statistically significant increases in CA, and percent of aberrant cells.There were no differences between exposed and unexposed groups in SCE, HFC, PRI, or the levels of ras p21 proteins.Smoking was found to statistically significantly affect levels of CA, percent of aberrant cells, SCE, HFC, and ras proteins.Sister chromatid exchanges were also statistically significantly sex dependent (7.5 breaks/cell for females and 6.8 breaks/cell for males).There were no statistically significant differences for CA, percent aberrant cells, SCE, HFC, or ras p21 protein levels in subgroups characterized according to cancer cases reported in the immediate family.A seasonal variability was shown with statistically significant increases in various biomarkers in the winter.Unexposed groups also showed increases due to smoking and season.The nonsmoking group individuals also showed statistically significant increases in cytogenetic damage with exposure.-
Vanin-1–/– mice show decreased NSAID- and Schistosoma-induced intestinal inflammation associated with higher glutathione stores
Authors: Florent Martin, Marie-France Penet, Fabrice Malergue, Hubert Lepidi, Alain Dessein, Franck Galland, Max de Reggi, Philippe Naquet, Bouchra Gharib
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Vanin-1 is a membrane-anchored pantetheinase highly expressed in the gut and liver. It hydrolyzes pantetheine to pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and the low-molecular-weight thiol cysteamine. The latter is believed to be a key regulating factor of several essential metabolic pathways, acting through sulfhydryl-disulfide exchange reactions between sulfhydryl groups of the enzymes and the oxidized form, cystamine. Its physiological importance remains to be elucidated, however. To explore this point, we developed Vanin-1-deficient mice that lack free cysteamine. We examined the susceptibility of deficient mice to intestinal inflammation, either acute (NSAID administration) or chronic (Schistosoma infection). We found that Vanin-1(-/-) mice better controlled inflammatory reaction and intestinal injury in both experiments. This protection was associated with increased gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity and increased stores of reduced glutathione, as well as reduced inflammatory cell activation in inflamed tissues. Oral administration of cystamine reversed all aspects of the deficient phenotype. These findings suggest that one cysteamine function is to upregulate inflammation. Consequently, the pantetheinase activity of Vanin-1 molecule could be a target for a new anti-inflammatory strategy.
Developing and piloting an electronic telephone triage application.
Authors: Peter G. Ellis, Christine Carlisle, Colleen F. Ford, Jan Hartman, Peggy Nikolajski, Carol Reidmiller, Justin S. Rushford, Leslie Stewart, Amanda Barry, Melinda Krebs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

68 Background: Telephone triage is a vital part of today’s oncology practice and is often not standardized and measured to allow for quality improvement. UPMC CancerCenter (UPMC) has 31 outpatient clinics and is in need of a tool to streamline the current telephone triage process. UPMC and Via Oncology collaborated to develop and pilot a prototype of an electronic telephone triage application. The key components of the prototype were defined as decision support, EHR integration, reporting and workflow management. Methods: A prototype application, Symptom Manager (SM), was developed and piloted with 4 nurses at 3 outpatient clinics. Front office staff registered inbound calls in SM, which populated a phone triage queue. The nurse was prompted to enter information about the call. Decision support materials were displayed for reference, including algorithms for symptom assessment, adjudication and treatment. The output was a structured summary of the encounter that was copied to the patient’s chart. From the queue, the nurse was prompted to make outbound calls for symptom reassessment. A feedback session with nurse users and institution leadership was held following the pilot. Results: A total of 235 inbound calls were captured in the application, of which 74 (31.5%) were symptom-related. Additional data fields collected during the pilot included symptom, adjudication, time elapsed for callback, and symptom status at follow up. The ability to extract and report on data of this type was viewed as valuable for quality and process improvement. The nurse users praised SM’s ease of use, but prototype performance issues shortened the pilot. When referencing the decision support materials, nurses felt more confident consulting providers and during independent decision-making. They indicated that the standardized documentation increased efficiency. Requests for future enhancements included deeper EHR integration and additional fields for data capture. Conclusions: This prototype fulfilled the defined key components of a tool of this type. SM is currently being refined and incorporated into the Via Portal, Via Oncology’s decision support software. An update on the software and additional data captured during the pilot will be provided at presentation.
Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Cecil A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In 1894, O. Lubarsch and R. Ostertag, two well-known German pathologists of the era, edited the first volume of the<i>Ergebnisse der Allgemeinen Pathologie und Pathologischen Anatomie des Menschen und der Tiere</i>. This and subsequent volumes were dedicated to the review of timely subjects in pathology and general biology. The contributors were drawn from the world-famous German schools of pathology prior to World War II. After the war, the advisory boards were enlarged to include non-German pathologists. Articles began to appear in English. In 1970, with the 51st volume, the name of the series was changed to<i>Current Topics in Pathology</i>. All contributions were now published in English. Volume 61 is somewhat unusual in that it deals with one subject. It maintains the high standards of earlier publications. There is material in it of interest to the pathologist and to the clinical nephrologist. The volume has seven chapters. The ones
A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study on the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin for the prevention of upper limb deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients with central vein catheter
Authors: G. Agnelli, M. Verso, S. Bertoglio, W. Ageno, M. Bazzan, P. Parise, S. Salvagni, E. Naglieri, A. Santoro, A. Lazzaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8021 Background: Efficacy of prophylaxis with fixed dose of warfarin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for upper limb deep vein thrombosis (UL-DVT) related to central vein catheter (CVC) has been claimed after open studies with limited sample size. The rate of bleeding in cancer patients receiving prolonged prophylaxis with LMWH is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the LMWH enoxaparin in the prevention of UL-DVT in cancer patients with CVC. Methods: Consecutive cancer patients with CVC for chemotherapy were included in a multicenter double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study performed in 11 Italian centers. Enoxaparin, 40 mg once a day, or placebo were given subcutaneously for 6 weeks, starting 2 hours before the CVC insertion. The primary endpoint of the study was UL-DVT, as detected by venography (CVC limb) performed at 6 weeks and/or clinically overt pulmonary embolism confirmed by objective testing. The secondary endpoints of the study were death from thromboembolic disease and death from any cause at 3-month. The safety endpoint was major bleeding. Results: 385 patients were included in the study. 321 patients underwent venography (83.4%). The primary efficacy outcome was assessed in 310 patients with adequate venography. Enoxaparin reduced the incidence of UL-DVT from 18.1 % (28/155) to 14.2 % (22/155), a relative risk reduction of 21.4 % (95% CI: 0.47 to 1.31, p=0.35). Two patients in the enoxaparin group (1.0%) and 6 patients in the placebo group (3.1%) had a symptomatic venous thromboembolism. No major bleeding occurred in both treatment groups. Minor bleeding occurred in 6.3% of the patients (12/191) in the enoxaparin group and 3.6% of the patients (7/194) in the placebo group. Conclusions: Enoxaparin, at the dose of 40 mg daily, produced a 21% non significant reduction in the incidence of CVC-related DVT in cancer patients. This dose was safe and well tolerated: this leaves open the option of increasing the dose of enoxaparin to optimize its efficacy in this clinical setting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Racial diversity among histology of renal cell carcinoma at an urban medical center.
Authors: Kevin Wong, Michael Shusterman, Sanjay Goel, Abdissa Negassa, Juan Lin, Janaki Neela Sharma, Benjamin Adam Gartrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

622 Background: Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are more likely to have papillary RCC (pRCC) than Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Little is known about the histology of RCC in Hispanics (H). The Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Center (MECC) serves a diverse population in the Bronx, NY. We sought to investigate histological subtype-specific associations with established RCC risk factors in an ethnically diverse patient population to elucidate prospective relationships between those factors and racial differences in RCC histology. Methods: : The MECC tumor registry was used to identify patients ≥18 years of age treated with partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2000 and December 2015. An institutional software program and individual chart review were used to obtain demographic data (including self-reported race, age, and sex), pathology data, and RCC risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, renal function, weight). Data were modeled by multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Results: 1010 RCC cases were identified (232 NHW, 383 NHB, 181 H, and 214 other). Histology was 530 clear cell (ccRCC), 257 papillary (pRCC), 100 chromophobe (cRCC), and 123 other. Individuals with pRCC compared to ccRCC were more likely to be NHB than NHW (OR 4.41; 95%CI 2.81,6.93) and more likely to have a higher Fuhrman grade (OR 1.5; 95%CI 1.03,2.07), but were less likely to be female (OR 0.50; 95%CI 0.35,0.72) or H than NHW (OR 0.518, 95%CI 0.271,0.991). Individuals with cRCC compared to ccRCC were also more likely to be NHB than NHW (OR 2.23, 95%CI 1.06,4.67) and to have higher Fuhrman grade (OR 1.82, 95%CI 1.06,3.14). Conclusions: In the MECC dataset, histology of RCC varies by race, confirming earlier reports that non-ccRCC is more common in NHB than NHW. We also report for the first time that pRCC is less common in H than NHW. These associations will be evaluated in additional larger national data sets and may help elucidate reasons for disparate RCC outcomes among various races and ethnicities.
Notices
Authors: Dora Moya, Inmaculada Castillo, Leslye Johnson, Diana Berard
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Sponsored by the International Medical Press, this conference is intended to bring together clinicians and scientists from diverse areas to share information and to arrive at practical and realistic approaches to the prevention and treatment of infections caused by hepadenaviruses.The following topics will be addressed: epidemiology, genetics, and diagnostics; pathogenesis and immunology; biochemistry and pharmacology; molecular targets and drug design; in vitro and in vivo models for evaluation of antiviral compounds; and clinical studies of antiviral compounds.The program will comprise overviews by experts, poster sessions, open discussion sessions, and pre-satellite symposia by leading pharmaceutical companies.
Indian Health Service
Authors: James W. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am a practicing physician from Coffeeville, Kan, who recently became aware of the serious plight of the Sioux Indians at the Standing Rock Reservation in North Dakota. At the present time, there is only one full-time physician to provide care for 6,500 Indians in this area. For the past 20 years, physicians have been serving in the Indian Health Service in preference to going on active duty in the Armed Forces. With the discontinuation of the Doctor Draft, physicians have stopped volunteering to come on active duty in the Public Health Service, and a serious health-care problem has developed. A number of physicians, like myself, have volunteered to come and serve for short periods of time. Many additional volunteers will be needed until sufficient numbers of young physicians can be recruited and until physicians who are now in training programs funded by the Public Health Service