tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modification of Methylmercury Toxicity and Metabolism by Selenium and Vitamin E: Possible Mechanisms
Authors: Howard E. Ganther
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Selenium and vitamin E exert powerful effects in reducing acute or chronic methylmercury toxicity. Levels of selenium normally found in foods (below 1 ppm) delay the onset of toxic signs caused by much higher levels of methylmercury. Tissue levels of mercury in selenium-supplemented animals equal or exceed those found in animals given methylmercury alone. Selenium does not appear to act by simply modifying intake, absorption, excretion, or distribution of methylmercury, and direct effects of both selenium and vitamin E have been observed in vitro when methylmercury was added to cultured nervous tissue cells. The only established functions for selenium and vitamin E in animals are related to the prevention of oxidative damage in tissues. To encompass the protective effects of selenium and vitamin E and to explain other toxicological aspects of methylmercury and other alkylmetals, a new hypothesis is proposed: The toxicity of the alkylmetals is not caused soley by the intact molecule, but also involves free radicals formed by homolytic fission of the carbon-metal bond.
Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract
Authors: Frank R. Cockerill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 May 1993Selective Decontamination of the Digestive TractFrank R. Cockerill III, MD, Sharon R. Muller, MD, and Rodney L. Thompson, MDFrank R. Cockerill III, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Sharon R. Muller, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Rodney L. Thompson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree that cefotaxime is a systemic antimicrobial that, when administered parenterally, can selectively decontaminate the digestive tract of a large variety of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic organisms with little effect on strict anaerobes [1-4]. Theoretically, cefotaxime may both treat and prevent nosocomial infections in patients until their digestive tracts can be adequately decontaminated of potentially pathogenic microorganisms using the oral nonabsorbable antimicrobics.It is interesting to note that one recent study of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the intensive care setting that did not use a systemic antimicrobial at the beginning of oral decontamination did not show statistically significant ...References1. Burdon DW, Ambrose NS, Keighley MR, Youngs D. The effect of a single intravenous dose of cefotaxime on the faecal flora. Infection. 1985; 13:134-6. Google Scholar2. Michea-Hamzehpour M, Auckenthaler R, Kunz J, Pechere JC. Effect of a single dose of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone on human fecal flora. A double blind study. Drugs. 1988; 35(Suppl 2):6-11. Google Scholar3. Lambert-Zechovsky N, Bingen E, Aujard Y, Mathieu H. Impact of cefotaxime on the fecal flora in children. Infection. 1985; 13:134-6. Google Scholar4. Knothe H, Dette GA, Shah PM. Impact of injectable cephalosporins on the gastrointestinal microflora: observations in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients. Infection. 1985; 13:129-33. Google Scholar5. Brun-Buisson, Legrand P, Rauss A, Richard C, Montravers F, Besbes M, et al. Intestinal decontamination for control of nosocomial multiresistant gram negative bacilli: study of an outbreak in an intensive care unit. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 110:873-81. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 825-826KeywordsAntimicrobialsDecontaminationGastrointestinal tractNosocomial infectionsPathogensProphylaxisProspective studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Renal Vein Thrombosis: Review of Clinical Syndrome and Case Report
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Concurrent Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy and Low-Dose Daily Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Branislav Jeremic, Biljana Milicic, Ljubisa Acimovic, Slobodan Milisavljevic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose To investigate the feasibility and activity of hyperfractionated radiation therapy (Hfx RT) and concurrent chemotherapy (CT) consisting of low-dose, daily carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Sixty-four patients started their treatment on day 1 with 30 mg/m 2 of paclitaxel administered by 1-hour infusion. Hfx RT began on day 2 using 1.3 Gy bid to a total dose of 67.6 Gy and concurrent low-dose daily CT consisting of 25 mg/m 2 of carboplatin and 10 mg/m 2 of paclitaxel, both given Mondays to Fridays during RT course. Results Objective response rate was 83% and included complete response in 27 patients (42%) and partial response in 26 patients (41%). Ten patients (16%) had stable disease, whereas only one patient (2%) had progressive disease. The median survival time was 28 months, and 3- and 5-year survival rates were 37% and 26%, respectively. The median time to local progression was 26 months, and 3- and 5-year local progression-free survival rates were 37% and 33%, respectively. The median time to distant metastasis was 25 months, and 3- and 5- year distant metastasis-free survival rates were 37% and 31%, respectively. Acute high-grade (≥ grade 3) toxicity was hematologic (25%), esophageal (17%), bronchopulmonary (13%), and skin (9%). Late high-grade toxicity was infrequent. Conclusion This combined Hfx RT/TC regimen produced results that are among the best ever reported and warrants further study in a prospective randomized fashion.
Abstract 1574: Low Myocardial Protein Kinase G Activity Raises Cardiomyocyte Resting Tension in Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Loek van Heerebeek, Nazha Hamdani, Martin L Handoko, Jolanda van der Velden, Ger J Stienen, Hans W Niessen, Gerrit Jan Laarman, Aernout Somsen, Walter J Paulus
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiomyocytes (CM) of diastolic heart failure (DHF) patients (pts) are hypertrophied and have high diastolic resting tension (RT), which elevates left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness. In rodent LV pressure overload models, development of pathological CM hypertrophy has been related to low myocardial protein kinase G (PKG) activity. Myocardial PKG activity and in-vitro effect of PKG on RT of isolated CM were therefore determined using LV endomyocardial biopsies procured from DHF pts. All DHF pts (n=36) had been admitted to hospital for worsening heart failure (NYHA 3– 4), were free of coronary artery disease, had a LV ejection fraction &gt; 50%, a LV end-diastolic volume index &lt; 97 ml/m 2 , a LV end-diastolic pressure &gt; 16 mmHg and no histological evidence in the biopsies of myocardial infiltration or inflammation. Myocardial PKG activity was assessed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against the specific PKG substrate vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and against phosphorylated VASP ((P)-VASP). Myocardial PKG activity corresponded to the ratio of (P)-VASP/VASP. CM were isolated from the biopsies, treated with Triton X-100 to remove all membranes, attached to a force transducer and stretched to 2.2 μm to measure RT. In DHF pts, (P)-VASP/VASP ratio (0.67±0.15) was lower than in a control group (n=22) (0.98±0.19; p&lt;0.0001). CM isolated from LV myocardium of DHF pts had higher RT (7.2±0.5 kN/m 2 ) than CM of a control group (4.8±0.2 kN/m 2 ; p&lt;0.0001). In-vitro administration of PKG lowered RT of CM of DHF pts to levels similar to the control group (PKG: 4.0±0.7 kN/m 2 ; p&lt;0.01). Subsequent treatment with PKA did not further decrease RT (3.8±0.9 kN/m 2 ). DHF patients had low myocardial PKG activity. This low myocardial PKG activity could have elevated RT of CM as in-vitro administration of PKG corrected the high RT. Absence of an additional in-vitro effect of PKA after PKG suggested that high RT results from hypophosphorylation of myofilamentary proteins, whose phosphorylation sites are targets for both PKA and PKG. In pts with DHF, phosphodiesterase 5A inhibition could raise myocardial PKG activity and thereby correct their high CM RT, which is an important determinant of their high diastolic LV stiffness.
System of Diseases of the Eye.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Memorial Day
Authors: Audrey Shafer
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rubber Band Abrasive Biopsy of Esophagus
Authors: James W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Several reviews have described methods for obtaining esophageal scrapings important for cytologic evaluation.<sup>1-3</sup>At the time of esophagoscopy a simple and safe method yields abundant cells for cytology and often tissue for cell-block histologic examination. <h3>Methods:—</h3> The necessary equipment consists of a standard esophagoscope, a small rubber-tipped lumen finder, a rubber band, several glass slides, Papanicolaou fixative, and a thumb forceps. The rubber band is twisted back and forth about the tip of the lumen finder, the square edges of the band providing a cutting surface which is incapable of deep penetration (Figure). The esophagoscope is passed to a point proximal to the suspicious area. The lumen finder with the rubber band is then passed through the esophagoscope into the site in question. Several gentle toand-fro movements with the lumen finder will result in the adherence of surface scrapings to the rubber band. After withdrawal of
KS1 (KRAB suppressor of transformation 1) and BMP3b (bone morphogenetic protein 3b) gene promoter hypermethylation is a common epigenetic event in breast cancer
Authors: J. R. Molina, N. J. Alzein, W. L. Lingle, M. Fernandez-Zampico, R. Urrutia, L. C. Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9608
Oral contraceptives in acute viral hepatitis
Authors: I. L. Schweitzer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Thirty-four women took oral contraceptives during a major part, or throughout the course, of acute viral hepatitis. The acute illness and sequelae during the following year were compared to those of 34 matched control women with acute viral hepatitis who never took oral contraceptives. Statistical and clinical analysis showed no difference in severity of acute illness or frequency of sequelae. These findings suggest that oral contraceptives are not detrimental when taken during a course of acute viral hepatitis. (<i>JAMA</i>233:979-980, 1975)
Cesarean Section
Authors: Larry W. Halverson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was pleased and enlightened by Dr Danforth's<sup>1</sup>excellent review article on cesarean section published in the Feb 8, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>. Despite the excellence of the review, however, some omissions should be addressed. The practice of repeated cesarean section has been assailed in the scientific literature. However, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines are so stringent that many hospitals cannot offer a trial of labor to a patient who has previously undergone a cesarean section. Our hospital, for example, has 55 beds and is without a 24-hour obstetrical nursing staff and a qualified anesthesiologist. In addition, no obstetricians are on the staff. As a family physician I have suggested to patients on whom we have performed a previous cesarean section that they go to a hospital that can offer them a trial of labor for their delivery. They usually refuse this offer
Diabetes mellitus in patients with gout
Authors: F. W. Whitehouse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

About 10% of patients with gout will have diabetes mellitus. Of our 89 patients with both diseases, 74 (83%) have insulin-independent diabetes and in two of three gout developed first. Obesity is a frequent concomitant (65 patients, 73%), and perhaps represents the common etiologic basis for both metabolic abnormalities in this type of patient. The excessive use of food and drink probably heightens the chances of one or both disorders developing. Physicians should be aware of this concomitance and attempt the early detection of diabetes in appropriate cases of gout. Insulin-dependent diabetes was uncommon in our patients (15 patients, 17%). One need not expect the frequent development of gout in patients with diabetes. Only one in 100 of our patients with diabetes has gout.
Sex workers and HIV—forgotten and ostracised
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2012)

On July 22–27, more than 20 000 delegates from nearly 200 countries will convene to take stock of the progress made in the fight against HIV/AIDS at the XIX International AIDS Conference (IAC) in Washington, DC. But, disappointingly, one group that will be absent due to US travel restrictions is sex workers. In response to this exclusion and to ensure that sex workers' voices are heard, Kolkata, India, will host an alternative event aptly named the Sex Worker Freedom Festival, which, after much negotiation, will be digitally and video-linked to the IAC.
The future of general surgery. Council on Long Range Planning and Development
Journal: JAMA (1989)

During the past several years, the American Medical Association's Council on Long Range Planning and Development has identified trends in the environment of medicine that are likely to affect physicians, their practices, and the provision of medical care in the future. In the course of its environmental analysis studies, the Council has recognized that each medical specialty is uniquely subject to anticipated changes in the environment of medicine. As part of an ongoing series of analyses prepared by the Council, this report focuses on environmental trends that are likely to influence the practice of general surgery. The report outlines the current state of general surgery, the forces for change in the environment, and the implications regarding these changes. The Council concludes that there are certain challenges and many positive indicators for the future of general surgery.
Prevention of Falls and Injuries in Residential Care
Authors: Jane Jensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters19 November 2002Prevention of Falls and Injuries in Residential CareJane Jensen, MSc, RPT Lillemor Lundin-Olsson, PhD, and RPT Yngve Gustafson, PhD, MDJane Jensen, MScUmeå University; 90185 Umeå, Sweden (Jensen, Lundin, Gustafson)Search for more papers by this author, RPT Lillemor Lundin-Olsson, PhDUmeå University; 90185 Umeå, Sweden (Jensen, Lundin, Gustafson)Search for more papers by this author, and RPT Yngve Gustafson, PhD, MDUmeå University; 90185 Umeå, Sweden (Jensen, Lundin, Gustafson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-10-200211190-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Given the high-risk target group of residents and the multifactorial nature of falls, the intervention program of our trial combined several measures that targeted known risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries. We agree that with this design it is not possible to determine the specific effect of each measure. However, many interventions in institutional settings have failed to reduce falls (1, 2). This multifactorial fall intervention program was intended to be a first step toward gaining more knowledge about fall and injury prevention in this group of older people at a high risk for falling. A multifactorial ...References1. Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ, Robertson MC, Lamb SE, Cumming RG, Rowe BH. Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001:CD000340. [PMID: 11686957] Google Scholar2. Nowalk MP, Prendergast JM, Bayles CM, D'Amico FJ, Colvin GC. A randomized trial of exercise programs among older individuals living in two long-term care facilities: the FallsFREE program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:859-65. [PMID: 11527475] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Tinetti ME, Baker DI, McAvay G, Claus EB, Garrett P, Gottschalk M, et al. . A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:821-7. [PMID: 8078528] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Umeå University; 90185 Umeå, Sweden (Jensen, Lundin, Gustafson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFall and Injury Prevention in Older People Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Cluster Randomized Trial Jane Jensen , Lillemor Lundin-Olsson , Lars Nyberg , and Yngve Gustafson Prevention of Falls and Injuries in Residential Care Javier Damián Metrics 19 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 10Page: 857KeywordsFallsHip fracturesMedical risk factors ePublished: 19 November 2002 Issue Published: 19 November 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 3669: Defining an ELAVL1-Musashi 2 signaling cascade in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Selma M. Cuya, Adeiye Pilgrim, Komal Rathi, DongDong Chen, Robert Schnepp
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma endure an extremely intense, multidrug treatment regimen and yet, approximately half of them die, thus mandating a better approach to this cancer. Our laboratory is investigating the overarching hypothesis that RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which play key roles in balancing self-renewal, differentiation, and cell proliferation, are deregulated in neuroblastoma, and drive oncogenic signaling networks. Therefore, RBPs may constitute novel targets for therapeutic development. In this work, we focus on Musashi 2 (MSI2), an RBP that has been shown to play a critical role in the maintenance of stem cell populations and in the formation of aggressive tumors, notably in acute myeloid leukemia and in colon cancer. The role of MSI2 in neuroblastoma, however, has not been assessed and is the focus of this investigation. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we used in silico analysis of neuroblastoma gene expression datasets annotated with clinical parameters. Additionally, we used shRNAs to manipulate transcripts of interest in neuroblastoma cells and measured effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle status, and apoptosis. Results: Gene expression profiling revealed that MSI2 is robustly expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines, tumors, and patient derived xenografts, within both the MYCN and non-MYCN amplified context. Immunoblotting in a representative panel of lines confirmed the expression of MSI2 at the level of protein. High MSI2 expression was associated with more advanced stages of neuroblastoma across multiple independent datasets and was correlated with worse survival. Depletion of MSI2 using four independent shRNAs led to 2 to 3-fold decreased proliferation across four cell lines that was due in part to increased apoptosis. Another RBP, ELAVL1, is also expressed within neural lineages, and has been shown to regulate MSI1 expression. We hypothesized that ELAVL1 might similarly promote MSI2 expression and we demonstrated that, ELAVL1 depletion led to decreased MSI2 expression. Conclusions: MSI2 is robustly expressed in multiple models of neuroblastoma and appears to drive increased proliferation and survival. Currently, we are investigating the functional interplay between ELAVL1 and MSI2 providing a foundation for designing strategies to target the ELAVL1-MSI2 interaction for therapeutic effect. Citation Format: Selma M. Cuya, Adeiye Pilgrim, Komal Rathi, DongDong Chen, Robert Schnepp. Defining an ELAVL1-Musashi 2 signaling cascade in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3669.