tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antenatal prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin.
Journal: BMJ (1989)

BCG immunisationSIR,-The Department of Health, in circular EL(89)P/93, asked health authorities to postpone their regular BCG programme for schoolchildren this autumn because the British supplier of the vaccine is in the throes of moving to a new site.I wonder if others share my view that this request is unacceptable.As district vaccination coordinator I hear much stout talk "from on high" about targets and accountability, and I feel that the department must now be seen to meet the standards it lays down for others.No target date for resumption of supply has been offered-is the problem for a week, a month, a year?Or is the hope that the programme will quietly wither away?The department should be held to account for this avoidable disruption to the immunisation programme.I also do not understand why, in a health service increasingly exposed to market forces, the market cannot be allowed to provide a solution.There is more than one reput- able manufacturer of BCG vaccine.We are already threatened with a resurgence of tuberculosis thanks to HIV, increasing poverty, and the possibility of a wave of refugees from Hong Kong and Indo-China.The last thing we need is departmental own goals.
Oxidative Activation of Benzidine and Its Derivatives by Peroxidases
Authors: P. David Josephy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Benzidine (4,4'-diaminobiphenyl) is a known human carcinogen; exposure to this substance resulted in an epidemic of bladder cancer among workers in the dye industry in Europe and North America. The chemical or enzymatic oxidation of benzidine proceeds via a racial cation detectable by electron spin resonance. Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of benzidine generates reactive electrophiles which readily form adducts with phenol and thiol compounds. The structures of these novel metabolites are described. Peroxidases, including prostaglandin synthase, catalyze benzidine binding to protein and nucleic acid; the nature of the resulting adducts is unknown. The relevance of these processes to benzidine carcinogenesis in vivo is the subject of research and debate. A central question remains: is benzidine activated in extra-hepatic target tissues such as bladder epithelium, or transported to these tissues following hepatic oxidative metabolism?
Ultrastructural renal changes in juvenile diabetics
Authors: E. R. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Electron microscopic examination of percutaneous renal biopsy specimens from 12 normotensive patients ranging in age from 13 to 23 years with diabetes of juvenile onset revealed that glomerular alteration is not an invariable manifestation of early stages of diabetes and that changes in glomerular basement membrane most likely result from rather than precede those of the mesangium. Arteriolar hyalinosis was the most frequent alteration observed in these patients, occurring in 75% (9) of the specimens. This abnormally high prevalence of arteriolar hyalinosis is in accord with the recognized tendency of vascular disease to develop in patients with diabetes. The ultrastructural appearance of the renal arteriolar hyalinosis in our patients was indistinguishable from that in patients with essential and renal hyptertension and that in some normotensive older adults. These observations provide some information unifying the triad of hypertension, aging, and diabetes mellitus.
Members of the House of Delegates
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of antithrombotic therapy: Venous thromboembolism: treatment strategies
Journal: BMJ (2003)

inclusion bodies, vacuoles, degenerating nuclei, or showing naked nuclei may be seen in infected marrow. 14In most patients we found no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation.The postmortem findings of active bone marrow with normal megakaryoctes in patients with thrombocytopenia favour an immune cause of thrombocytopenia.A major side effect of ribavirin is reversible haemolytic anaemia. 15 16About 60% of our patients who received ribavirin experienced a drop of haemoglobin of more than 20 g/l.Despite this high drop, ribavirin was well tolerated and none of the patients needed withdrawal of treatment or transfusion.The development of anaemia may be a cause for concern.None the less haemolysis was transient, and haemoglobin counts improved after treatment with ribavirin had been completed in all cases.Careful monitoring of haemoglobin is advisable for patients who receive ribavirin. ConclusionsLymphopenia, in particular T lymphopenia, was common among patients with SARS in our study.A notable drop in CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts occurred early in the course of the syndrome and was associated with adverse outcomes.Thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and transient prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time were other common findings.Further studies to evaluate the mechanisms of these manifestations may help us to understand this disease.We thank the Haematology Division of the Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology for their full support in the laboratory investigations.Contributors: JJYS is guarantor and
Specificity of screening in United Kingdom trial of early detection of breast cancer.
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To study the specificity of screening for breast cancer by clinical examination with or without mammography and to estimate the extra breast biopsies resulting from a population screening programme. DESIGN--Non-randomised, population based study. SETTING--Two screening districts (Edinburgh and Guildford) and four comparison districts (Dundee, Oxford, Southmead, and Stoke). SUBJECTS--49,956 women aged 45-64 in the screening districts and 127,109 women in the comparison districts. INTERVENTIONS--The screening districts offered women annual screening by clinical examination, with mammography in alternate years for seven years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of true positive, false positive, true negative, and false negative results; specificity and predictive value of screening; numbers of benign and malignant biopsy specimens. RESULTS--At their first mammographic and clinical screen 94% (30,035/31,997) of women without breast cancer were correctly classified as negative; 6% (1962) were referred for further investigation, but only 321 (1%) required a biopsy to establish that the suspicious lesion was not malignant. At subsequent screens specificity improved to 96%, and only 0.4% of women without cancer received biopsy. After the first screen the ratio of benign to malignant biopsy specimens was the same as that among women in the comparison centres, but because mammographic screening increased the number of women with both malignant and benign disease referred the number of biopsies was increased up to twofold in the years women were offered screening by mammography. CONCLUSION--Our provision of a prompt, highly specialised assessment of women with suspicious lesions at screening may have contributed to the relatively low specificities, while at the same time probably mitigating the adverse effects of low specificity.
THE RETIREMENT OF DR. BIDDLE.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A1.24 Resident non-classical monocytes are critically important for tissue destruction in arthritis
Authors: A Puchner, V Saferding, E Goncalves Alves, H Leiss, JS Smolen, K Redlich, S Blüml
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3></h3> Bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis is mediated by osteoclasts, which are derived from precursor cells of the myeloid lineage. Although there is much known about mature osteoclasts, the identity of an osteoclast precursor population and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines during arthritis is poorly understood. Here we show that during TNF-driven arthritis monocytes, both inflammatory monocytes (CD115<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>high</sup>CCR2<sup>+</sup>), but in particular resident non-classical monocytes (CD115<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>low</sup>CCR2<sup>-</sup>), are elevated in blood before the onset of clinical symptoms and remain elevated throughout. Of note, when we correlated the number of the two monocyte subpopulations in blood with histological signs of joint destruction, we found the number of resident monocytes to significantly correlate with the area of erosion and number of osteoclasts in arthritic hind paws, whereas the number of inflammatory monocytes did not correlate at all with those parameters. These correlations were not confined to the hTNFtg model of arthritis, but could be observed also in K/BxN serum transfer arthritis. Upon sorting resident and inflammatory monocytes from blood, we further demonstrate that resident monocytes are more potent to form osteoclasts <i>ex vivo</i> after stimulation with MCSF and RANKL. Submitting sorted inflammatory and resident monocytes to RNA-sequencing after stimulation with MCSF and RANKL, we found increased expression of osteoclast related genes, including some which are required for pre-osteoclast fusion in RANKL-stimulated resident MC. Finally, we crossed CCR2 deficient mice, which lack circulating inflammatory monocytes, into hTNFtg animals. In line with our <i>in vitro</i> data, hTNFtg mice lacking CCR2 showed even enhanced local bone erosion and osteoclast generation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Resident non classical monocytes are elevated during chronic inflammatory arthritis and the numbers in blood correlate with histological markers of joint destruction in models of inflammatory arthritis. In addition, resident monocytes display an increased osteoclastogenic potential and might therefore be primarily responsible for arthritis-mediated bone destruction. Therefore these cells may provide a biomarker for erosive inflammatory arthritis and even a possible target for therapeutically intervention.
Pediatric Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: An Inherited Disease?
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Burn Injuries
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Burn Injuries Burn injuries are most often caused by coming into contact with fire but can also be caused by chemicals (such as acids) that can penetrate the skin, hot liquids (scalding), heated metals (such as a stove top), or electricity.Burn injuries are most common in children younger than 5 years and in people aged 65 years and older.The August 13, 2003, issue of JAMA includes an article about treating burn injuries.
Effects of cell proliferation on the uptake of transferrin-bound iron by human hepatoma cells
Authors: Adrian W.M. Lee, Phillip S. Oates, Deborah Trinder
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The effects of cellular proliferation on the uptake of transferrin–bound iron (Tf–Fe) and expression of transferrin receptor–1 (TfR1) and transferrin receptor–2 (TfR2) were investigated using a human hepatoma (HuH7) cell line stably transfected with TfR1 antisense RNA expression vector to suppress TfR1 expression. At transferrin (Tf) concentrations of 50 nmol/L and 5 μmol/L, when Tf–Fe uptake occurs by the TfR1– and TfR1–independent (NTfR1)–mediated process, respectively, the rate of Fe uptake by proliferating cells was approximately 250% that of stationary cells. The maximum rate of Fe uptake by the TfR1– and NTfR1–mediated process by proliferating cells was increased to 200% and 300% that of stationary cells, respectively. The maximum binding of Tf by both TfR1– and NTfR1–mediated processes by proliferating cells was increased significantly to 160% that of stationary cells. TfR1 and TfR2–α protein levels expressed by proliferating cells was observed to be approximately 300% and 200% greater than the stationary cells, respectively. During the proliferating growth phase, expression of TfR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased to 300% whereas TfR2–α mRNA decreased to 50% that of stationary cells. In conclusion, an increase in Tf–Fe uptake by TfR1–mediated pathway by proliferating cells was associated with increased TfR1 mRNA and protein expression. An increase in Tf–Fe uptake by NTfR1–mediated pathway was correlated with an increase in TfR2–α protein expression but not TfR2–α mRNA. In concluion, TfR2–α protein is likely to have a role in the mediation of Tf–Fe uptake by the NTfR1 process by HuH7 hepatoma cell in proliferating and stationary stages of growth. (Hepatology 2003;38:967-977).
Serologic tests in diagnosis and prognosis of cryptococcosis
Authors: M. A. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Cases are reviewed with particular emphasis on predisposing factors and diagnostic signs in cryptococcosis and stressing diagnostic serology. The latex slide agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen is found to be sensitive and specific as a diagnostic tool and valuable as a prognostic indicator. Its value is maximized when it is used in conjunction with an agglutination test for cryptococcal antibody, since there appears to be an inverse relationship between the two, so that antibody may be found in cases in which the test for antigen is negative.
Limulus lysate test for gram-negative bacterial meningitis. Bedside application
Authors: S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The limulus lysate assay on cerebrospinal fluid was evaluated in 335 infants and children as a method for the rapid diagnosis of<i>Gram-negative</i>bacterial meningitis. Positive limulus tests were obtained within one hour in 33 of 34 cases of<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>meningitis; four additional patients with Gram-negative meningitis also showed positive limulus lysate tests. Conversely, 13 patients with<i>Gram-positive</i>bacterial meningitis all yielded negative limulus assays. All 48 cases of aseptic meningitis and 236 children with no meningitis showed negative limulus assays. Antibiotic therapy prior to hospitalization did not vitiate the validity of the test. A bedside adaptation of the limulus test, performed by house officers and medical students, showed approximately 98% agreement with the laboratory assay. (<i>JAMA</i>233:1366-1369, 1975)
A NEW FORM OF SERUM DIAGNOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
皮脂腺细胞通过促进辅助性T细胞17的分化从而引起皮肤炎症
Authors: M. Mattii, M. Lovászi, N. Garzorz, A. Atenhan, M. Quaranta, F. Lauffer, A. Konstantinow, M. Küpper, C.C. Zouboulis, L. Kemeny, K. Eyerich, C.B. Schmidt-Weber, D. Törőcsik, S. Eyerich
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)
Chlamydia trachomatis infections in the United States. What are they costing us?
Authors: A. E. Washington
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the United States and is now recognized to cause substantial morbidity. To determine the economic consequences of chlamydial infections in the United States, we analyzed data from local, state, and national sources. We estimate that<i>C trachomatis</i>infections cost Americans over $1.4 billion per year in direct and indirect costs. Chlamydial infections in women account for 79% of this cost, although men and infants are also affected. Three fourths of the total cost is due to sequelae of untreated, uncomplicated infections. If the current rate of chlamydial infection persists, the projected annual costs will exceed $2.18 billion by 1990. Reducing the incidence of personal suffering and heavy economic burden imposed by<i>C trachomatis</i>infections requires establishment and maintenance of effective prevention/control programs. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2070-2072)
Tuberculosis management in the mid-1970s
Authors: J. H. McConville
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TUBERCULOSIS today is primarily an urban disease, with the lower-income population at greatest risk. Its pathogenesis is well understood and effective chemotherapy regimens exist, yet control of the disease has not been achieved. The inability to identify the disease and provide treatment effectively to those who are at greatest risk of having active tuberculosis is a major stumbling block in the eradication of this infection. Various medical disorders and socioeconomic factors are known to increase the risk of active tuberculosis developing, and the American Thoracic Society has recommended that certain of these groups receive one year of isoniazid therapy.<sup>1</sup>These include household contacts of patients with active cases of tuberculosis, skin-test reactors with a chest x-ray film consistent with nonprogressive tuberculosis who have not previously received adequate chemotherapy and whose sputum is negative at the time of evaluation, persons whose skin tests have converted within two years, and skin-test
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Survival After Vasopressor-Requiring Cardiac Arrest 270In a randomized trial that enrolled 268 consecutive patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest requiring epinephrine, Mentzelopoulos and colleagues compared combined vasopressinepinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and corticosteroid supplementation during and after CPR with saline placebo plus epinephrine during CPR and saline placebo for postresuscitation shock.The authors found that vasopressin-epinephrine and methylprednisolone during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and stress-dose hydrocortisone in postresuscitation shock resulted in improved survival to hospital discharge with favorable neurological status. Obesity Duration and Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque 280To assess whether the duration of obesity is associated with the presence and progression of coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC), Reis and colleagues analyzed data from 3275 participants in a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease development who at baseline were not obese and were aged 18 to 30 years and who underwent computed tomography scanning to identify CAC during follow-up.The authors report that obesity developed in 40% of the participants and that a longer duration of obesity was associated with CAC presence and progression independent of the degree of adiposity.
Diagnosis of Latent Pyelonephritis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal