tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhagic pleural effusion in Meig's syndrome
Authors: J. E. Neustadt
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Meigs' syndrome is a disorder characterized by ascites and hydrothorax in association with a benign tumor of the ovary. The absolute criterion for the diagnosis of Meigs' syndrome is the spontaneous disappearance of the ascites and hydrothorax after removal of the tumor.<sup>1</sup> In 1964 Mazzlin and Stevens<sup>2</sup>collected all the cases of Meigs' syndrome reported in the literature and, adding one of their own, found a total number of 129. The syndrome is thus rare, but recognition is important since it is curable. It is the purpose of this report to call attention to the rare occurrence of a hemorrhagic effusion in Meigs' syndrome. The fluid in Meigs' syndrome is nearly always described as being a clear yellow transudate with a low specific gravity and low protein content.<sup>3</sup>There have been only nine cases reported in which the fluid was hemorrhagic.<sup>3-5</sup> <h3>Report of</h3>
Oesophageal cancer - an aetiological investigation into the potential protective effect of statins in the UK general practice research database (GPRD)
Authors: H. Y. Bhutta, A. Clark, S. Holt, M. P. N. Lewis, A. R. Hart
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of oesophageal carcinoma has risen dramatically and is associated with a poor prognosis. Statins, primarily used for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, have anti-cancer properties in experimental work, although there is minimal epidemiological data in this area. The aim of this investigation was to address this deficiency by investigating if statins prevent the development of oesophageal carcinoma in an epidemiological prospective cohort study. <h3>Methods</h3> The cohort consisted of approximately 4 million people registered in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), a UK database of 488 nationwide general practices, which includes information on patients9 medications prior to the development of illnesses, including cancer. Statin use was defined as a prescription for a minimum of 10 months preceding the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer. Each case was matched with four controls and conditional logistic regression used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs), plus 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for the development of carcinoma. The ORs were adjusted for diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking, aspirin, NSAIDs, PPIs and drugs which relax the lower oesophageal sphincter. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 4 242 people developed oesophageal carcinoma (adenocarcinoma and squamous cancers combined) between 2000 and 2008 (65.3% male, mean age 71.0 years, SD = 11.4 years) which were matched with 17 233 controls. Statin use was negatively associated with the development of oesophageal carcinoma (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.95). Categorisation into lipophilic and hydrophilic statins also demonstrated negative associations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.98 and OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.98, respectively). The median length of statin use in cases prior to diagnosis was 3.7 years (Interquartile range = 1.9–5.7 years) and the magnitude of this negative association was similar for time periods extending beyond one year. The effect sizes of individual drugs could not be assessed due to the smaller numbers in these sub-groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Regular use of statins may protect against the development of oesophageal carcinoma, although confirmation in other populations is required. The data may support an assessment of statins in randomised controlled clinical trials as chemopreventative measures in the general population and those with Barrett9s oesophagus.
One (little) couple's ordeal
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PATHOLOGIC EXHIBIT AT THE ST. PAUL MEETING.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Zoxazolamine Hepatitis
Authors: Heinz B. Eisenstadt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE RAPID progress of modern chemistry and pharmaceutical science is responsible for a constant flow of new medications with unexplored properties. The action of these substances can be predicted, to a large extent, on the basis of their chemical composition as well as their experimental influence on animals. However, only long-term clinical observations can determine exactly their beneficial or detrimental effect on humans. A typical example of a relatively new drug that remains to be completely evaluated—in spite of a number of favorable reports in the literature—is zoxazolamine (Flexin). Introduced in 1956 as a muscle relaxant,<sup>1-4</sup>it was originally administered in a great variety of neuromuscular, osteoarticular, and soft-tissue disorders, for example in rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, fibrositis, fractures, hemiplegias, paraplegias, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, collagen diseases,<sup>6</sup>etc. A few years later, however, Reed and associates<sup>7</sup>found it to be a potent uricosuric agent. They
In Reply:
Authors: Christine Bouchardy, Elisabetta Rapiti, Gérald Fioretta, Georges Vlastos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

require additional radiotherapy.Because cosmetic result might be seen as a minor tool, conservative surgery may be different than that of younger patients.The mortality of surgery seems extremely low in elderly patients, from less than 1.7% during the 1980s, to 0% during the 1990s. 8 No information about surgery under local anesthesia has been given, while its accuracy has been demonstrated by certain centers. 9Interestingly, when performed, surgery was of quality, as suggested by the low frequency (6.5%) of positive margins and the high mean number of 14 removed lymph nodes.The therapeutic decision of surgery alone, but also disparity in access to medical care, might be hypothesized.In conclusion, this work illustrates the necessary efforts in terms of education of all the protagonists, even in developed countries, but also demonstrates the necessity of detailed and updated registries.
Blue Rubber-Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Steven J. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN 1860, Gascoyen<sup>1</sup>reported an association between cutaneous nevi, intestinal lesions, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Bean<sup>2</sup>separated the blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) from other cutaneous vascular lesions and gave the syndrome its name. Demonstration of these lesions has been performed by way of angiography, laparotomy, and autopsy. This case is an example of the BRBNS in which the diagnosis of the GI lesion was made by endoscopy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old man was well until three weeks before admission, when he noted the onset of melena, weakness, and fatigue. He denied nausea, vomiting, hematemesis, or hematochezia. There was no history of abdominal pain or peptic ulcer disease. He denied aspirin ingestion and admitted to drinking six beers each week. Physical examination revealed pallor. Vital signs were normal except for a resting tachycardia rate. No mucosal lesions were seen. The skin (Figure) demonstrated several blue rubber-bleb
The safety and efficacy of sunitinib prior to planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer.
Authors: T. Powles, I. Kayani, C. U. Blank, S. Chowdhury, S. Horenblas, N. Sarwar, P. D. Nathan, E. Boleti, J. B. Haanen, A. Bex
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4603 Background: The safety and efficacy of upfront sunitinib prior to nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell renal cancer (mCRC) is has not been prospectively evaluated. Methods: Two ethically approved, prospective, single arm phase II studies investigating 2 cycles (n=19) or 3 cycles (n=37) of sunitinib prior to nephrectomy in mCRC were evaluated centrally. Both studies had identical design/entry criteria with the exception of the number of cycles of sunitinib given (2 v.s 3). All patients has MSKCC intermediate or poor risk disease. Both studies followed a Simon 2 stage design. FDG-PETs were performed at 3 time intervals prior to and after surgery in one of the studies (n=37). Results: Fifty-six patients with mCRC gave informed concent. The RECIST response of the primary tumor to therapy was 5% (median reduction in longest diameter 17% [range +14 to -54%]). No patients became inoperable due to local progression of disease, however 20% developed progression of systemic disease prior to surgery. A nephrectomy was performed in 40/56 (71%) of patients. Surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurred in 8(20%) patients including 1 death (3%). The median blood loss, surgical time and hospital stay were 725 (90- 4200)mls, 189 (70-420)mins and 8 (4-36) days respectively. Necrosis (>50%) was a prominent feature at nephrectomy in 50% of samples. 11(28%) of nephrectomy patients had progression of disease during the treatment break. The median progression free survival was 9 months (95% CI: 5-15 months). A comparison of 2 v.s. 3 cycles of sunitinib prior to nephrectomy did not show any significant differences in terms of surgical complications or efficacy. FDG PET at 6 weeks and 18 weeks showed a PR in 37% and 32% respectively. Conclusions: Upfront sunitinib prior to nehrectomy is safe, obtains control of systemic disease and is associated with a reduction in the size of the primary tumor in most patients. FDG-PET response rates are higher than RECIST and may be a valuable tool in this setting. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer
Correction to Lancet Oncol 2015; 16: 634, 637
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)

In table 2 of the Article, the dose (mg/kg) of dexamethasone used in the aprepitant group should read 0•08 (0•02-0•19).This correction has been made to the online version as of Aug 31, 2015.
Integrated development of S-<i>Trans,Trans</i>-Farnesylthiosalicyclic acid (FTS,Salisarib) in pancreatic cancer
Authors: M. A. Rudek, Y. Khan, H. Goldsweig, R. C. Donehower, A. Jimeno, P. Shah, A. Tan, S. Linden, M. Hidalgo, D. A. Laheru
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

4626 Background: The Ras signaling pathway is a strategic target in pancreas cancer. Prior attempts to block Ras activity by inhibiting farnesyltransferase have been ineffective as escape pathways exist that allow for alternative prenylation of Ras protein. FTS inhibits Ras dependent cell growth by dislodging all Ras isoforms from membrane binding sites. We studied this agent in a pancreas cancer model and in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: 14 pancreatic cancer tumors obtained from patients were implanted in nude mice and treated with FTS (40 mg/kg p.o.). Tumor growth inhibition and drug effects in the targeted pathways were determined by Western blot, IHC and gene expression arrays. Patients with treatment naïve advanced pancreas cancer were treated with gemcitabine (Gem) at standard dose/schedule + FTS at doses of 200–800 mg p.o. bid 21 days of a 28 day cycle. Patients were treated until progression or protocol defined DLT. Plasma was collected to characterize PK of FTS and Gem. PBMCs and tissue biopsies pre and post cycle 1 were collected to characterize the effect of Gem + FTS on levels of activated Ras protein. Treatment efficacy was assessed every other cycle. Results: In a pancreas cancer xenograft model FTS inhibited tumor growth in 15% of cases and resulted in downregulation of Ras protein levels in tumor tissues and of genes in the cell cycle and Ras signaling pathway. In the clinical trial, a total of 12 patients have been treated to date. No PK interaction has been identified. Of the 9 evaluable patients, the most frequent reported FTS related adverse event has been diarrhea but not dose limiting. Two patients (one in first 2 cohorts) were removed from study secondary to persistent Gr 3 neutropenia related to Gem. Following cycle 1, 6 patients had a decrease in CA19–9 (range -16% to -98%) with 1 partial response and 7 patients with stable disease with FTS induced Ras downregulation. Conclusions: FTS effectively modulates Ras protein level in pancreas cancer xenografts. The combination of Gem +FTS appears safe with no PK interaction and appears to demonstrate clinical and PD activity. An expanded cohort is underway with Gem + FTS at the 800 mg bid. PBMCs and tissue biopsies to characterize the effect of Gem + FTS on levels of activated Ras protein are underway. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Averion International Corp Averion International Corp. of which Concordia Pharmaceuticals is a client of, Concordia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Concordia Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Lachrymae Rerun
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of structural complexities of the septal tissue in maintaining ventricular fibrillation in isolated, perfused canine ventricle Takanori Ikeda, Kazuo Nakazawa, Ayaka Kawase, Takashi Ashihara, Tsunetotyo Namba, Kaoru Sugi, Tetsu Yamaguchi. Toho University Ohashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Lehrbuch der Chirurgie: A. von Eiselsberg gewidmet von seinen Schülern.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A systematic approach to therapeutic target selection in gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: A. L. Paterson, N. B. Shannon, P. Lao-Sirieix, C. J. Peters, M. O'Donovan, R. C. Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The future success of individualised, molecular targeted therapy will depend on identification and thence inhibition of the oncogene(s) on which that tumour is dependent for survival. Gastro-esophageal tumours are common, lethal and molecularly heterogeneous. Currently chemotherapy relies on generic regimens and neo-adjuvant treatment only affords an extra 3.5 months survival compared to surgery alone. <h3>Aims</h3> To identify the most active signalling pathways and compare different therapeutic strategies (upstream and downstream inhibitors) to induce cytotoxicity. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using KEGG annotated pathways was utilised to identify the most enriched pathways in a gene expression dataset from 75 chemo-naive gastro-oesophageal tumours. For independent validation Erk (total and phosphorylation levels) was used as a read-out for MAPK pathway activation and applied to a tissue microarray containing cores from 434 cases. The identity of the receptor tyrosine kinase(s) (RTK) responsible for MAPK activation was ascertained using a RTK array on 46 snap frozen samples for gastro-oesophageal tumours. The effects of Inhibition of active RTK(s) on proliferation, apoptosis and phosphorylation of downstream MAPK components were tested in 5 cell lines (OE33, OE19, MKN45, HSC39 and KATOIII). The most effective RTK inhibitor(s) were compared to downstream inhibition of Mek. <h3>Results</h3> MAPK was the pathway statistically enriched in the greatest proportion of samples (32/75 samples, 42.7%) and 148/434 (34.3%) tumour cores displayed immunostaining for phosphorylated Erk. Based on RTK arrays, the most frequently activated RTKs likely to account for this were members of the EGFR and FGFR family as well as c-met. No RTKs were active in 8/46 cases (17.4%), EGFR alone was active in 8/46 cases (17.4%), 2 receptors, usually members of the EGFR family, were active in 13/46 cases (28.3%) and multiple RTKs (median of 9) were active in 16/46 cases (37.0%). Targeted inhibition of RTK(s) based on their activation profile led to inhibition of cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis and abrogation of downstream signalling components <i>in vitro</i> inall 5 lines. The most cytotoxic combination of inhibitors was cell line dependent and could not be predicted easily from the RTK activity profile. Inhibition of the downstream MAPK pathway component Mek induced equivalent or better cytotoxicity in all cell lines. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have shown that the MAPK pathway is commonly activated and can be effectively silenced either by identifying and inhibiting key RTKs or via use of a single drug for the downstream hub Mek. The efficacy of targeting a downstream fragile point warrants testing in clinical trials.
Statement on use of DNA testing for presymptomatic identification of cancer risk. National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research
Authors: Francis S. Collins, Lennette J. Benjamin, David Botstein, Jerome R. Cox, Norman Davidson, Joe W. Gray, Neil Holtzman, David E. Housman, Kay R. Jamison, Rodney Rothstein, Diane C. Smith, Lloyd M. Smith, M. Anne Spence, Shirley M. Tilghman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

RECENT advances in the genetics of cancer have raised the possibility of widespread DNA testing for the detection of predisposition to cancer. This may allow individuals at high risk to avail themselves of preventive measures and potentially avoid early death. At least one company has already announced plans to begin offering testing for genetic cancer risk. While much alleviation of human suffering may eventually result from these advances in cancer genetics, a number of important questions must be addressed before widespread testing of this sort can be recommended. Two relatively common heritable cancer risk genes have recently been located. Among people with colon cancer, it appears that as many as 10% carry an altered germline copy of a gene called<i>MSH2</i>.<sup>1-3</sup>Individuals with an altered<i>MSH2</i>gene face an approximately 80% risk of colon cancer; women also have an elevated risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer. Intense medical surveillance
Neuro-ophthalmology
Authors: Joel G. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1973)

For the last several years Dr. Smith has made a significant contribution to neuro-ophthalmology by organizing annual courses on the subject. The current volume is the record of the sixth such course. Seventeen chapters, each on a different subject, have been included. Each chapter has its style: some sections read like a conversation with an experienced clinician while others could equally well have appeared in a medical journal. For example, in his own report on thyroid eye disease, Smith informally gives interesting case histories and his personal philosophy on treatment; another section is simply a case report on the very rare cryptophthalmos syndrome. The range of subjects is wide and the degree to which they are covered varies enormously. Dwight Parkinson's 29-page chapter on the anatomy of the cavernous sinus is a magnificent in-depth review of his earlier work in this area. Another chapter, "A simplistic approach to the heritable