tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changing intravenous tubing containing burettes
Authors: A. Josephson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the efforts of Gorbea and colleagues<sup>1</sup>to define safe infection control practice is laudable, I found their application of statistical methods faulty. Their study<sup>1</sup>examined the safety of changing intravenous (IV) tubing containing burettes at 48 hours instead of the usual 24 hours. Since contamination was the end point studied, interest is in contamination rates at 24 hours in the 24-hour group and contamination rates at 48 hours in the 48-hour group. Even if the McNemar test were capable of showing independence between the 24- and 48-hour specimens in the 48-hour group, the 24-hour specimen results do not contribute to the determination of safety at 48 hours and are irrelevent. In fact, they only inappropriately inflate the denominator.<sup>2</sup>Using the data in Table 2 and the text,<sup>1</sup>I calculate that there were five positive 48-hour cultures. If all 118 burettes had a 48-hour culture,
A DEFENSIVE MECHANISM IN THE BODY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase Ib/II trial with expansion of patients at the MTD trial of olaparib plus weekly (metronomic) carboplatin and paclitaxel in relapsed ovarian cancer patients.
Authors: Saul E. Rivkin, Desiree Iriarte, Heather Sloan, Cara Wiseman, James Moon, Gary E. Goodman, Amy Bondurant, Daniel Veljovich, Peter Y. Z. Jiang, Tanya A. Wahl, Chirag Shah, Charles Drescher, Henry G. Kaplan, William A. Peters, Erin Ellis, Mehmet F. Fer, Min S. Park, Eileen Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

5573 Background: We established the olaparib tablet maximum tolerated dose, dose limiting toxicities (DLT's) and response to therapy of carboplatin, paclitaxel and olaparib tablet given simultaneously, reported at ASCO 2014. This abstract will include data from both the phase 1b and the phase 2 expansion. Methods: A total of 54 subjects were evaluated in this trial, 14 in phase 1b and 40 in phase 2. Eligibility required measurable disease, adequate organ function and ECOG performance status of ≤ 2. Subjects had to have failed first line platinum containing chemotherapy. BRCA testing was conducted as available. Subjects received the metronomic therapy of paclitaxel 60mg/m2 IV and carboplatin AUC 2 IV weekly, 3 weeks out of 4, and olaparib tablets at the MTD of 150 mg bid administered orally for 3 consecutive days (D1-D3), every week for each cycle. Subjects were assessed for toxicity and response according to the protocol. Subjects that reached a confirmed complete remission were transitioned to olaparib tablets only, 300 mg bid, until disease progression. Results: Median age was 58 and median number of prior regimens was 4. There have been no deaths due to the study regimen. One patient had grade 4 neutropenia and an allergic reaction to carboplatin. The common grade 3 toxicities caused by this regimen were neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Two subjects had mild GI toxicities. There was no evidence of cardiac, hepatic, or pulmonary toxicities in any of these subjects. 22.5% of subjects had a complete remission (CR), 30% had PR, 25% had SD and 22.5% had PD. Of the 9 CR's, 6 were gBRCA mutated. PFS median for gBRCA mutated subjects is 19 months vs 4 months for non-mutated gBRCA subjects. OS median for gBRCA mutated subjects is 24 months vs 16 months for gBRCA non-mutated subjects. All of the CR's are alive. Conclusions: Olaparib tablets can be safely administered simultaneously with a weekly regimen of carboplatin and paclitaxel in heavily pretreated ovarian cancer subjects. Olaparib appears to be highly effective in gBRCA mutated. This is the first successful combination of olaparib tablets with carboplatin and paclitaxel that has been well tolerated. Clinical trial information: NCT01650376.
Carcinogenicity Studies of Estonian Oil Shale Soots
Authors: A. I. Vosamae
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Several series of chronic experiments in white mice and white rats were carried out in order to determine the carcinogenicity of Estonian oil shale soot as well as the soot from oil shale fuel oil.All the investigated samples of soot showed a relatively low (from 14 to 1200 ppm) benzo(a)pyrene content.The benzene extract of oil shale soot, painted on the skin of white mice, proved to be strongly car- cinogenic: in most of the animals skin tumors developed.The benzene extract of shale fuel oil exerted a considerably weaker carcinogenic action than the extract of soot of solid oil shale.The effect of oil shale soots as well as of tars extracted from oil shale soot on the bronchial mucosa and lung respiratory tissue was studied in white rats.Lung tumors were induced in a considerable number of cases in a series of experiments, where the tarry material from solid fuel soot, containing 1070 ppm benzo(a)pyrene, as a suspension in an aqueous solution of Tween 40, was administered by repeated intratracheal instillation.Lung tumor incidence among various control and experimental groups of rats is presented.The peculiarities of oil shale combustion are described.
PBPK Modeling/Monte Carlo Simulation of Methylene Chloride Kinetic Changes in Mice in Relation to Age and Acute, Subchronic, and Chronic Inhalation Exposure
Authors: Russell S. Thomas, Raymond S. H. Yang, Daniel G. Morgan, Michael P. Moorman, Hamid R. S. Kermani, Richard A. Sloane, Robert W. O'Connor, Bernard Adkins, Michael L. Gargas, Melvin E. Andersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

During a 2-year chronic inhalation study on methylene chloride (2000 or 0 ppm; 6 hr/day, 5 days/week), gas-uptake pharmacokinetic studies and tissue partition coefficient determinations were conducted on female B6C3F1, mice after 1 day, 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years of exposure. Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling coupled with Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap resampling for data analyses, a significant induction in the mixed function oxidase (MFO) rate constant (Vmaxc) was observed at the 1-day and 1-month exposure points when compared to concurrent control mice while decreases in glutathione S-transferase (GST) rate constant (Kfc) were observed in the 1-day and 1-month exposed mice. Within exposure groups, the apparent Vmaxc maintained significant increases in the 1-month and 2-year control groups. Although the same initial increase exists in the exposed group, the 2-year Vmaxc is significantly smaller than the 1-month group (p < 0.001). Within group differences in median Kfc values show a significant decrease in both 1-month and 2-year groups among control and exposed mice (p < 0.001). Although no changes in methylene chloride solubility as a result of prior exposure were observed in blood, muscle, liver, or lung, a marginal decrease in the fat:air partition coefficient was found in the exposed mice at p = 0.053. Age related solubility differences were found in muscle:air, liver:air, lung:air, and fat:air partition coefficients at p < 0.001, while the solubility of methylene chloride in blood was not affected by age (p = 0.461). As a result of this study, we conclude that age and prior exposure to methylene chloride can produce notable changes in disposition and metabolism and may represent important factors in the interpretation for toxicologic data and its application to risk assessment.
Minocycline treatment of pulmonary nocardiosis
Authors: E. A. Petersen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Minocycline hydrochloride was used to treat pulmonary infections with<i>Nocardia asteroides</i>in five cardiac allograft recipients. In three patients, minocycline was successfully used as the only antinocardial agent. Two other patients were found to have leukopenia after initial therapy with sulfisoxazole. These two patients were subsequently treated with minocycline. The clinical success with minocycline in these highly immunosuppressed patients suggests that minocycline is an effective antinocardial agent. These data did not allow any conclusion regarding which drug, minocycline or sulfisoxazole, is superior in the treatment of this disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:930-932)
Interferons
Authors: Monto Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

INTERFERON is a term used by Isaacs and Lindenmann1 to designate a soluble factor produced by the interaction of inactivated influenza virus with chick chorioallantoic tissue. Chick chorioallantoic tissue, after being incubated with this factor, does not support the multiplication of influenza and other myxoviruses as well as untreated controls. Its discovery introduced important new considerations in the understanding and evaluation of viral interference. Up till then, the interference of one virus with another, although poorly understood as far as its mechanism was concerned, was assumed to be the direct effect of the interfering virus or component of virus.2 Interferon . . .
Venn diagrams in drug abuse education
Authors: R. P. Wenzel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. John W. Kirklin (<b>219</b>:763,1972) in answer to a question concerning the insurability of an individual 12 years after repair of an ostium primum type of interatrial septal defect, stated: "It is highly likely that this individual has a normal life expectancy. He should be insurable at a normal or standard rate." Although I agree that any individual following successful surgery of a congenital cardiac lesion, such as described in this question, should be advised to live as though he had a normal life expectancy, there is no data to support this view. Repair of this defect has only been possible since the advent of the technique of cardiovascular bypass; and consequently, we do not have adequate, long-term experience on which to base an accurate decision. For this reason, I do not believe that it is incumbent upon insurance companies to accept such a patient at
Childhood hyperactivity
Authors: Omar Ali
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

In her commentary on childhood hyperactivity (July 13, p 73)1Anderson JC Is childhood hyperactivity a product of western culture?.Lancet. 1996; 348: 73-74Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (38) Google Scholar Anderson hints that hyperactivity is indeed found in non-western as well as western cultures. This conclusion is based on studies from developing nations,2Bird HR Epidemiology of childhood disorders in a cross-cultural context.J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996; 37: 35-50Crossref PubMed Scopus (249) Google Scholar and that of Leung and colleagues from Hong Kong3Leung PWL Luk SL Ho TP Taylor E Lieh Mak F Bacon-Shone J The diagnosis and prevalence of hyperactivity in Chinese schoolboys.Br J Psychiatry. 1996; 168: 468-496Crossref Scopus (143) Google Scholar who, finding that hyperactivity exists among Chinese students, believe that it is unlikely to be “the exclusive product of a permissive Western culture”. I would point out two problems with Anderson's commentary. First, the studies referred to are those pertaining to students in an already modernised segment of society. Among many factors that may be relevant to the diagnosis and prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD), Hong Kong is at least as modern as any western society. The really interesting question is whether ADHD is as prevalent in a “primitive” non-modern society as it is in modern ones (whether eastern or western). Second, she referred to a so-called “permissive western culture”; this is a common bogeyman: is western early child-rearing really permissive? In the case of ADHD we are, presumably, interested in early childhood. It is my impression that early childhood in rural India, China, or Africa is much more permissive than it is in western societies. It may be that modern societies (whether eastern or western) are not too permissive, but too restrictive. That, in fact, they impose too much structure on early childhood and expect all children to conform to a rather narrow spectrum of behaviours. If modern society sets standards of behaviour that ten percent of its children cannot meet, then we may need to look more closely at societies whose expectations of their children are much more flexible.
UEG week 2012 Report: Putting endoscopy into perspective
Authors: I. Papanikolaou
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

The 20th United European Gastroenterology Week (UEG week; 20 – 24 October 2012; Amsterdam, The Netherlands) offered, once again, the opportunity for delegates interested in gastrointestinal endoscopy to update their knowledge as colleagues from all over the world shared their experiences. Various interesting studies on endoscopic topics were presented, allowing participants to become better acquainted with recent advancements and research trends in gastrointestinal endoscopy. This report focuses on oral presentations and selected poster presentations and aims to review them in the light of recent literature.
Abstract 1833: KLF4 regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to energy stress
Authors: William M. Rosencrans, Zachary H. Walsh, Andrew C. Blum, Engda G. Hagos
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor with diverse regulatory functions in cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy and genomic stability. Furthermore, KLF4 exerts a cell-cycle checkpoint effect in part by acting as a transcriptional activator of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. Our lab has found that KLF4 regulates autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. Given the close relationship these processes have with cellular metabolism, we aimed to determine how KLF4 regulates glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. Using various assays, we find that cells lacking KLF4 have both oxidative and glycolytic impairments. Using western blotting, we find that when KLF4 is overexpressed in RKO human colorectal cancer cells, Hexokinase 2 (HK2), a rate determining enzyme in glycolysis, PKM2, a facilitator of lactate production, and MCT4, a lactic acid export protein and marker of glycolysis, are all significantly upregulated. In MEFs, we find that GLUT1, a glucose transport protein, has greater expression in WT than Klf4-null cells. Furthermore, we determined that KLF4 regulates aspects of the basal cell metabolism in a p21-dependent manner. Given that KLF4 has been found to act as an immediate early gene in response to certain stresses, and given the importance of fast metabolic shifts, we also look at how KLF4 influences short term metabolic stress responses. Since metabolic stress tests showed that WT MEFs have an increased glycolytic capacity, we investigate whether the cells have an increased ability to quickly intake glucose in response to particular stresses. Accordingly, we looked at GLUT1 expression and membrane localization with respect to KLF4. Immunostaining in RKO and MEFs suggests that KLF4 plays a role in localizing GLUT1 to the outer membrane, allowing for increased glucose intake. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for the impaired metabolism of KLF4-null MEFs, where KLF4 plays a role responding to energy stress by modifying the localization of GLUT1, and regulating various metabolic enzymes both directly, and in a p21-dependent manner. Citation Format: William M. Rosencrans, Zachary H. Walsh, Andrew C. Blum, Engda G. Hagos. KLF4 regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to energy stress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1833.
Barbiturates in asthma.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Treatment of patients with the syndrome is by fluid deprivation.This will usually cause a return of serum electrolytes to normal levels.The prognosis obviously de- pends on the nature of the underlying disease.It is of interest that the serum sodium concentration of patients with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone due to bronchial carcinoma may show a return to normal when the tumour is treated by radiotherapy.A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis.As it becomes easier to measure plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone, more cases of inappropriate secretion of the hor- mone will probably be found.
“Guidelines for the management of work-related asthma.” X. Baur, T. Sigsgaard, T.B. Aasen, P.S. Burge, D. Heederik, P. Henneberger, P. Maestrelli, J. Rooyackers, V. Schlünssen, O. Vandenplas and D. Wilken on behalf of the ERS Task Force on the Management of Work-related Asthma.<i>Eur Respir J</i>2012; 39: 529–545.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)
Erratum for the Research Article: “A human disease model of drug toxicity–Induced pulmonary edema in a lung-on-a-chip microdevice” by D. Huh, D. C. Leslie, B. D. Matthews, J. P. Fraser, S. Jurek, G. A. Hamilton, K. S. Thorneloe, M. A. McAlexander, D. E. Ingber
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)
Informed consent for elective surgery--what is best practice?
Authors: O. A Anderson, I M. J Wearne
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Increasing medico-legal litigation, 1 and the desire to provide patients with more say concerning their own treatment, has highlighted the issue of informed consent and how it is obtained.In order for a patient to make a sensible decision concerning his or her treatment they need appropriate information.This may occur via discussions with medical/nursing staff, via the media/internet, or from speaking with friends who have undergone a similar procedure.However, it chiefly occurs during the acquisition of informed consent, during which the risks and benefits of any surgical procedure are explained.The principles of this paper are applicable to consent for any elective surgical procedure.However, we highlight examples from phacoemulsification cataract surgery, the most widely performed elective ophthalmic operation.This is an ideal example of elective surgery, as it can be performed with an equal outcome both early and late in the natural history of cataract, with the timing of surgery heavily reliant upon the patient's visual demands, anxieties and expectations.The discussion is focused predominately on UK Department of Health guidelines and English law, but many of the underlying ethical principles are still applicable to patients overseas. WHO SHOULD OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT?Informed consent for elective surgery is often obtained by junior medical staff, during pre-assessment clinics, or on the day of surgery.This may include pre-registration House Officers (PRHOs) (F1 grade-Modernizing Medical Careers) or Senior House Officers (SHOs).Current guidance states that the person obtaining consent must either (1) be capable of performing the procedure themselves; or (2) have received specialist training in advising patients about the procedure. 2unior medical staff may be placed in a position where they fulfil neither of the above two criteria.Certain specialist procedures, such as cataract surgery or elective angiography, have very specific risks, which may not be adequately covered in undergraduate education.A thorough understanding is required to be able to appropriately advise the patient.Instruction in obtaining informed consent is therefore vital.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF OPTIC ATROPHY IN TABES DORSALIS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ability Of Short-Term Tests To Predict Carcinogenesis In Rodents
Authors: J. Mason
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

Over the past two decades, deadly coronaviruses, with the most recent being the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 2019 pandemic, have majorly challenged public health. The path for virus invasion into humans and other ...Read More
Prescription Restriction
Authors: Frederick W. Wolff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hey, out there! We're listening. Glad to know that you know we have a drug problem, and that neither your patients, your pharmacists, or you are part of it (227:1121, 1974). You are all very fortunate, yet nationwide statistics show many victims among all three groups. The rules about habituating drugs like sleeping pills and "nerve pills" were made to put down very widespread abuse. The rules were drawn up by doctors like you, and with the advice of many others who know a lot about drug abuse. So please, don't blame "the government" or the "men in authority." The rules may be a nuisance for some, but they protect many. By the way, if you want to get through to the man in charge, why don't you write to Alexander M. Schmidt, Commissioner of Food and Drugs, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852? We sure can
The fatal cafe coronary. Foreign-body airway obstruction
Authors: R. E. Mittleman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Demographic features and predisposing factors to fatal food asphyxiation (cafe coronary) were determined by analyzing 141 such fatalities over a 20-year period. Old age, poor dentition, and alcohol consumption were expected findings. Other predisposing factors included institutionalization in long-term medical care facilities, sedative drugs, and natural diseases, most notably parkinsonism. Since institutionalized patients tended to asphyxiate on soft, friable, or snack-like foods, future improvements in rescue techniques should take this into consideration. The incidence of 0.66 per 100,000 population has remained unchanged over the two decades studied. Observers were present at the time of the fatal incident in 85% of the cases. In only a third, the food was lodged in a supraglottic location. These data indicate that continued efforts toward greater awareness of the cafe coronary syndrome still are needed. Special attention should be directed to the predisposing role of institutionalization, sedative drugs, and natural diseases. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1285-1288)