tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calabazas: court jester to Philip IV of Spain
Authors: R. I. Fried
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One painting under another, crossed eyes... an orthopedic deformity of the foot... a retrospective diagnosis spanning three centuries. These are the ingredients that make the acquisition of a Velázquez portrait by the Cleveland Museum of Art a fascinating mélange of diverse interests, attracting the attention of the art patron, the doctor, and the historian-anthropologist. The art treasure, the portrait of the jester Calabazas (Figure) by the 17th-century Spanish artist, Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, was auctioned by Christies of London on March 19, 1965. When it first became known that this picture, the last full-length Velázquez in private hands, was to be offered at auction, Sherman Lee, PhD, the director of the Cleveland Museum, quietly slipped off to England to evaluate the painting. Christies granted permission for the painting to be removed to the Courtald Institute, where it was x-rayed and photographed. Dr. Lee then flew to Madrid where
Argument against hemoperfusion in drug overdose
Authors: C. Dumont
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Timolol maleate (Timoptic) was recently released for use topically in glaucoma. When one of my patients with myasthenia gravis began using it, he had a major immediate deterioration in his myasthenia. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 71-year-old man has a 14-month history of moderate generalized (group 11-B) myasthenia gravis. Before the onset of this condition, he had mild diabetes controlled with diet alone and glaucoma that had been controlled with a variety of topical medications. He had started receiving high doses of prednisone for his myasthenia gravis shortly after the onset and had a moderate improvement but a notable deterioration in his diabetic condition, with fasting blood glucose levels in the range of up to 600. Under my care the patient's prednisone therapy was discontinued, and he was treated with pyridostigmine bromide and orally administered hypoglycemic agents. The patient did not wish to take insulin. At the
Gall bladder motility after endoscopic sphincterotomy
Authors: B C SHARMA, K SINGH, R K DHIMAN
Journal: Gut (1998)

Editor,—We read with interest the article by Sugiyama and Atomi ( Gut 1996; 39 :856–9) on the effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) on gall bladder motility. These authors have proved conclusively that ES causes a significant improvement in gall bladder motility in humans. We have assessed gall bladder motility in patients who underwent ES for common bile duct (CBD) stones and compared these with patients with gall bladder calculi but without CBD stones. We found significantly lower fasting and residual gall bladder volumes in the patients who had undergone ES, indicating reduced filling after ES.1 However, the ejection fraction and the rate constant of gall bladder emptying in these patients was increased significantly, suggesting increased gall bladder emptying. In another study2 we found a significant decrease in fasting volume (mean (SD) 18.3 (8.5) v 13.9 (7.3) ml), residual volume (12.0 (8.0) v 4.4 (3.2) ml) and an increase in the ejection fraction (54.3 (9.8) v 83.5 (5.4)) after ES, suggesting decreased stasis and increased gall bladder emptying. In Sugiyama and Atomi’s this study, all patients in whom gall bladder motility was assessed before ES had CBD stones; all stones were extracted before … Dr Sugiyama.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening and Colorectal Cancer 606In a population-based randomized trial in which 20 572 Norwegian individuals aged 50 to 64 years were invited to undergo (once-only) colorectal cancer screening involving flexible sigmoidoscopy either alone or combined with fecal occult blood testing and 78 220 control group individuals received no screening, Holme and colleagues found that once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening with or without fecal occult blood testing reduced colorectal cancer incidence and mortality on a population level.In an Editorial, Brett discusses options for colorectal cancer screening.
RNAi Screen of the Druggable Genome Identifies Modulators of Proteasome Inhibitor Sensitivity in Myeloma Including CDK5.
Authors: Yuan Xiao Zhu, Rodger E. Tiedemann, Chang-Xin Shi, Jessica Schmidt, Laura Bruins, Jonathan J Keats, Holly Yin, Chris Sereduk, Spyro Mousses, A. Keith Stewart
Journal: Blood (2009)
Association between Course of Study at University and Cause-Specific Mortality
Authors: Peter McCarron, Mona Okasha, James McEwen, George Davey Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Although socioeconomic position is clearly related to mortality and one measure of this is length of education, it is not known whether the choice of course at university determines future health. We therefore investigated the association between faculty of study and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective follow-up of male students who underwent health examinations while attending Glasgow University from 1948 to 1968. Among the 9887 (84%) alumni traced by means of the NHS Central Register, 8367 (85%) had full data on important potential confounding variables; 939 of these men had died. Physiological variables differed little between students from the various faculties. Medical students were most likely to come from affluent social backgrounds and, after law students, were most likely to be smokers. Compared with former medical students, former arts and law students had excess all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, while science and engineering alumni had similar risks. Former medical students had lower lung cancer mortality than other alumni but higher mortality from alcohol-related causes including accidents, suicide and violence. The lower mortality risks observed among former medical and engineering students may be due to their better employment prospects and healthier lifestyle behaviours, although the high mortality from alcohol-related causes among former medical students underscores the complexity of choice of health behaviour. The findings point to the potential for disease prevention among the large proportion of the population who now have third-level education.
Public Health Controversies—Food Safety Laws: Delaney and Other Dilemmas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Public Health Controversies—Food Safety Laws: Delaney and Other Dilemmas Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 2, August 1982, Page 548, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.2.548 Published: 01 August 1982
Prospective validation of a prognostic score to improve patient selection for phase I trials
Authors: H. Arkenau, J. Barriuso, D. Olmos, C. Barlow, J. S. De Bono, I. Judson, S. Stapelton, J. Hanwell, S. Ashley, S. B. Kaye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

2508 Background: Phase I trials are crucial for the development of new anticancer therapies but the identification of the appropriate patient population can be problematic. We recently presented retrospective data of more than 200 patients (pts) who had been treated within one of our phase I trials (Arkenau et al, AACR-NCI-EORTC 2007). Our multivariate analysis of 13 factors indicated that low albumin (<35 g/l), LDH >UNL, and >2 sites of metastasis were independent negative prognostic factors for OS. A risk score, defined as the number of poor prognostic factors, revealed that pts with a score of 2–3 had a significantly shorter OS compared to pts with score of 0–1. We therefore performed a prospective study to validate our prognostic score. Methods: Based on our data, we expected a median OS of 41 weeks for the good prognosis group and a hazard ratio for the good and poor prognosis groups of 2.3. We estimated that a separate cohort of 78 pts was necessary in order to confirm the validity of the prognostic score with 90% power. We therefore identified 78 unselected pts who were treated prospectively in one of our 19 Phase I trials (80% biological agents, 20% biological agents plus FDA approved chemotherapy) on the Drug Development Unit, from March 2007 to July 2007. Results: All pts had progressive disease prior to entry. The median age was 56 years (range: 18 - 79) with a female/male ratio of 1.2:1. After a median follow-up time of 32 weeks, the median OS was 31.2 weeks. For pts with a risk score of 0, 1, 2 and 3 the OS was 31.6, 27.1, 16.4 and 14.1 weeks, respectively, p=0.024. Patients with a risk score of 0–1 (n=43) and 2–3 (n= 35) had a different clinical outcome with 31.6 weeks (95%CI 23.9 - 38.3) for the first group and 16.4 weeks (95%CI 8.2 -24.6) for the latter, p=0.05. Our multivariate analysis confirmed that the risk score was an independent marker for OS with a HR of 1.79 (95%CI: 1.19 - 2.69). Conclusions: This is the first prospective analysis confirming that a risk score based on objective markers, including albumin, LDH and number of metastatic sites is a helpful tool in the process of patient selection for Phase I trial entry. The final 1-year follow-up data will be presented at this meeting. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Journal and publication in other languages and countries. From hesitant beginnings to firm commitment
Authors: J. H. Sammons
Journal: JAMA (1983)

DURING the years when the major scientific discoveries and advances originated in Europe, the flow of new medical knowledge ran clearly westward, casting the United States in the role—scientifically speaking—of a net importer. By the time of World War I, however, the current had begun to shift. Benefiting from the reforms in medical education, the availability of funds for new facilities, and a surge in biomedical research, American medicine embarked on a course that took it to worldwide preeminence after World War II. In that process,<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>acquired a growing stature as a scientific publication, and, as the United States transformed itself into a prolific exporter of new medical knowledge,The Journalgrew into an increasingly important international vehicle, communicating Americans' advances in clinical medicine to physicians in other countries. To broaden its editorial reach,The Journalmade early excursions into publication in other
Cochlear Implants
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: "Reflex" epilepsy.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Reflex" Epilepsy Marshall Hall' distinguished spontaneous epileptic seizures from those elicited by external stimuli in which there was a presumed disorder of reflex function.The concept of reflex epilepsy was elaborated2 until, by the end of the last century,3 a major cause of seizures was held to be chronic sensory irritation from such varied causes as worms, phimosis, and refractive errors.Recently the term has come to be applied more narrowly to fits demonstrably induced by particular stimuli or mental activities and occurring in some 1-6% of people with
Teen Immunization Rates Improve, But HPV Vaccination Lags Behind
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drinking Water Contaminants and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Review
Authors: Frank Bove, Youn Shim, Perri Zeitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Concern for exposures to drinking water contaminants and their effects on adverse birth outcomes has prompted several studies evaluating chlorination disinfection by-products and chlorinated solvents. Some of these contaminants are found to be teratogenic in animal studies. This review evaluates 14 studies on chlorination disinfection by-products such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and five studies on chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene (TCE). The adverse birth outcomes discussed in this review include small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight, preterm birth, birth defects, spontaneous abortions, and fetal deaths. Because of heterogeneities across the studies in the characterization of birth outcomes, the assessment and categorization of exposures, and the levels and mixtures of contaminants, a qualitative review was conducted. Generally, the chief bias in these studies was exposure misclassification that most likely underestimated the risk, as well as distorted exposure-response relationships. The general lack of confounding bias by risk factors resulted from these factors not being associated with drinking water exposures. The studies of THMs and adverse birth outcomes provide moderate evidence for associations with SGA, neural tube defects (NTDs), and spontaneous abortions. Because fewer studies have been conducted for the chlorinated solvents than for THMs, the evidence for associations is less clear. Nevertheless, the findings of excess NTDs, oral clefts, cardiac defects, and choanal atresia in studies that evaluated TCE-contaminated drinking water deserve follow-up.
Evaluation of an anorexiant drug. Chlorphentermine hydrochloride (Pre-Sate)
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sampling III
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the general adult population of China were investigated. To ensure a representative sample of the population, the country was listed by locality (rural v urban communities) and then region (north v south). Twenty naturally occurring communities (clusters) were randomly selected, equally distributed between streets in urban areas and townships in rural areas for both the north and south. Within each cluster, equal numbers of men and women were randomly selected for each 10 year age range between 35 and 74 years.1 Which one of the following best describes the sampling method used in the above study?
Better mental health services
Authors: I. Barker, R. Gleave
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gonorrhoea during the first quarter of this year.As well as indicating unsafe sexual practice, gonorrhoea in women may also be a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV-I (M Laga et al, sixth international conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990).Surveillance of gonorrhoea in women may provide both an indication for assessing the potential for spread of HIV-I in the heterosexual community and a measure of safe sexual practice.
SECTION OF NEUROLOGY AND JURISPRUDENCE.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mesothelioma
Authors: R Rudd
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Tattersfield et al 1 and Walsh et al 2 offer important information about the possible adverse affects of corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD).Tattersfield and her colleagues reported no change in BMD with inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, while Walsh et al found a dose related increase in the incidence of fractures in those taking oral corticosteroids.We would like to report our study of BMD in patients with airways disease, which reinforces these findings and highlights men as being particularly at risk.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive outpatients (44 men) with steroid responsive airways disease.The formulation and cumulative dose of corticosteroid was recorded in each individual, together with all prescribed prophylaxis for osteoporosis.Bone mineral density was measured in the non-dominant forearm.We found no relationship between inhaled corticosteroid dose and BMD.Mean BMD was significantly reduced in those on oral as opposed to inhaled steroids.In men the mean Z scores for those on inhaled and oral corticosteroids were 0.1 and -0.6, respectively (p=0.07), while women had mean Z scores of 0.5 and -0.3 for inhaled and oral corticosteroids, respectively (p=0.016).Our patient numbers were insufficient to confirm a dose response.The surprising result was that men were more likely to meet the WHO criteria for osteoporosis than women (25% v 12.5%).This result is explained at least in part by the use of prophylaxis which was prescribed to 21 women but to only two men.Of those on regular oral steroids, only 5.5% of men received prophylaxis compared with 62.5% of women.Similar results have been reported in other chronic diseases, with a greater reduction in BMD being reported in men with cystic fibrosis. 3 Unfortunately it appears to have been assumed that men are protected from osteoporosis by virtue of their gender.When chronic disease is treated with oral corticosteroids, both men and women are equally at risk of osteoporosis and all should be considered for prophylaxis.
Molecular imaging via novel application of fluorescent lectins permits rapid endoscopic identification of dysplasia in barrett's oesophagus
Authors: E. L. Bird-Lieberman, A. A. Neves, P. Lao-Sirieix, M. O'Donovan, L. B. Lovat, L. K. Mahal, K. M. Brindle, R. C. Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Early detection of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) or high grade dysplasia (HGD) improves prognosis but may missed at endoscopy. <h3>Hypothesis</h3> Glycosylation alterations in the progression to AC could be detected using lectins to allow endoscopic imaging with a wide field of view. <h3>Aims</h3> (1) Determine if and when glycan gene expression and lectin binding alters in progression to AC. (2) Determine whether fluorescently labelled lectins can detect dysplastia in biopsies and at endoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene set enrichment analysis of glycan pathways was applied to gene expression data from squamous oesophagus (NE), Barrett9s oesophagus (BE), LGD and HGD (n=57). Human samples (n=21) were applied to evanescent and ratiometric lectin arrays (n=45 and 78). External validation used lectin histochemistry (n=80). Fresh whole biopsy lectin staining was performed at the bedside (n=33) using WGA-680 and assessed using IVIS 200. Whole oesophagus imaging used WGA-488 with endoscopic excitation at 395–475 nm and detection at 500–630 nm. Specificity of WGA binding was confirmed using N-acetyl glucosamine in a competition assay and by preincubation with α (2→3,6,8,9) neuraminidase. Statistics: Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend, Bonferroni correction to ANOVA and a one-sided paired t test for the specificity assays. <h3>Results</h3> Coordinated changes in glycan expression occur at every stage of the progression to AC (p&lt;0.05). Ratiometric lectin array data identified a cluster of lectins with high binding to NE which decreased with progression to AC (p&lt;0.000001) and evanescent array data confirmed 4 lectins from this group with the most significant binding differences in progression (p&lt;0.05): WGA, HPA, AOL and TJA-I. WGA, HPA and AOL all successfully externally validated using histochemistry (p&lt;0.01). Whole-biopsy WGA binding was diminished (p&lt;0.0001) in biopsies containing dysplasia. Differences in WGA binding were identified in the intact oesophagus using standard endoscopic equipment and fluorescent areas correlated with the areas of high grade dysplasia (not visible with white light endoscopy) mapped in the surgical resection specimen. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Surface glycans alter in the progression from BE to AC and lead to altered lectin binding. WGA validated to the point of successful endoscopic visualisation of high grade dysplasia. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this molecular imaging tool in vivo.