tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin Adducts of N-Substituted Aryl Compounds in Exposure Control and Risk Assessment
Authors: Hans-Gunter Neumann, Gerhard Birner, Peter Kowallik, Dietrich Schutze, Iris Zwirner-Baier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Arylamines, nitroarenes, and azo dyes yield a common type of metabolite, the nitroarene, which produces a hydrolyzable adduct with protein and is closely related to the critical, ultimate toxic and genotoxic metabolite. The target dose as measured by hemoglobin adducts in erythrocytes reflects not only the actual uptake from the environment but also an individual's capacity for metabolic activation and is therefore an improved dosimeter for human exposure. The usefulness of hemoglobin adducts in molecular epidemiology is now widely recognized. With regard to risk assessment, many questions need to be answered. The described experiments in rats address some of these questions. The relationship between binding to hemoglobin in erythrocytes and to proteins in plasma has been found to vary considerably for a number of diamines. The fraction of hydrolyzable adducts out of the total protein adducts formed also varies in both compartments. This indicates that the kind of circulating metabolites and their availability in different compartments is compound specific. This has to do with the complex pattern of competing metabolic pathways, and the role of N-acetylation and deacetylation is emphasized. An example of nonlinear dose dependence adds to the complexity. Analysis of hemoglobin adducts reveals interesting insights into prevailing pathways, which not only apply to the chemical, but may also be useful to assess an individual's metabolic properties. In addition, it is demonstrated that the greater part of erythrocytes and benzidine-hemoglobin adducts are eliminated randomly in rats, i.e., following first-order kinetics.
Thymomas
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Excision of Akinetic Left Ventricular Wall for Intractable Heart Failure.
Authors: Herman L. Falsetti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Excision of Akinetic Left Ventricular Wall for Intractable Heart Failure.Herman L. Falsetti, M.D., George M. Schimert, M.D., Ivan L. Bunnell, M.D., F.A.C.P., David C. Dean, M.D., F.A.C.P., Andrew A. Gage, M.D., Colin Grant, M.D., David G. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.Herman L. Falsetti, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George M. Schimert, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ivan L. Bunnell, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, David C. Dean, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Andrew A. Gage, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Colin Grant, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David G. Greene, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1154_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe advent of cineventriculography has made it clear that there is a spectrum of motion disturbances involving the left ventricular wall. Akinesis, or lack of wall motion, is one serious complication of myocardial infarction that may have a profound effect on cardiac hemodynamics. Cineangiograms of the left ventricle, performed in association with coronary arteriography, revealed large areas of akinesis in three patients with uncontrollable heart failure, associated with an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and an increased residual fraction (end-systolic volume divided by end-diastolic volume).Areas of noncontractible left ventricular myocardium were excised, using cardiopulmonary bypass. Noncontractile areas can best... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySurgery for Acute Myocardial Infarction 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1154-1154KeywordsAngiographyCardiopulmonary bypassHeart failureHemodynamicsLeft ventricleMyocardial infarctionMyocardiumStable coronary artery disease Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Respiratory failure in polyradiculoneuritis associated with infectious mononucleosis
Authors: O. M. Eaton
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with infectious mononucleosis, the initial neurological manifestation was mild facial diplegia. However, motor failure, which progressed rapidly despite steroid administration, resulted in respiratory insufficiency. Ventilatory assistance was required to permit survival, which was followed by complete recovery. Early respiratory evaluation, close observation (including serial measurement of appropriate pulmonary factors), and individualized expert respiratory management are important. Such management should decrease substantially the high mortality from respiratory failure in patients with polyradiculoneuritis and should permit the complete recovery that is possible because the neuropathological lesion is usually reversible.
Physicians and their patients' suicides
Authors: S. H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE AMERICAN debate about whether to legalize physicianassisted suicide touches the head and the heart of medical ethics. Participants have focused on moral philosophy or civil rights, speculated about the consequences for society or for patients' views of physicians, and criticized the current provision of end-of-life medical care.<sup>1-3</sup>There has been little discussion about how the psychology of doctor-patient relationships may influence decisions about physician-assisted suicide. This issue is relevant to understanding how patients and physicians make decisions and to the design of policy safeguards to prevent improper assisted suicides. Even clinician/writers have been nearly silent on the psychology of doctoring in physician-assisted suicide. Their writings have centered on moral reasoning, the need for better end-of-life care, the societal consequences of legalization, or historical norms for medical practice.<sup>2,4-7</sup>Quill<sup>8</sup>has looked at the complex psychology of the patient's request.<sup>8</sup>Some clinicians, such as Goodwin<sup>9</sup>in
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Terror attacks in US linked to fewer admissions for self poisoning in CanadaThe impact of the terrorist attacks in America on 11 September 2001 spread around the world, but there are few data on the psychological aftermath outside the affected areas.Researchers now report that in the three days after the attack, hospital admissions for self poisoning fell by nearly two thirds in Ontario, Canada, several hundreds of kilometres from New York.Careful tracking of all admissions for self poisoning in September between 1988 and 2003 show a dramatic drop between 11 and 13 September 2001, which is distinct from more normal admission patterns during the three days before or three days after that period.Instead of the expected 36 admissions during the three days after the attacks, there were only 13, including far fewer men (8% in 2001 v 46% during the same period in other years combined).The authors think that the people of Ontario, and possibly elsewhere, were briefly distracted from their personal distress by the scale of the tragedy unfolding in a neighbouring country.The distraction may have been enough to prevent some of the most vulnerable from attempting self harm or suicide.
In This Issue
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Growth of Engineered Human Myocardium (p 47)Stress and vessel cells are key ingredients when engineering human heart tissue, say Tulloch et al.Studies in model organisms show that mechanical stress is essential for correct cardiac development, as of course is vascularization.But Tulloch et al wanted to know how these factors affected human myocardial development.They grew human ES-and iPSderived cardiomyocytes on 3D collagen matrices that were either fixed at both ends-providing a resistant structure for the cells to pull against when contracting-or loose at one end, providing no resistance.With resistance, the cardiomyocytes aligned themselves in the direction of the applied force, increased in size (hypertrophy) and increased their proliferation rate.Without resistance, they did not.Furthermore, adding vascular cells to the culture also increased cardiomyocyte proliferation.This occurred irrespective of the stress applied.Interestingly, the vascular cells self-organized into vessel-like structures in the collagen/cardiomyocyte tissue.When this tissue was engrafted onto rat hearts, the vessel structures appeared to transport blood after just one week.Such 3D matrix culturing of human ES-and IPS-derived cardiomyocytes not only offers insight into cardiac development, but may also be useful for developing therapeutic repair strategies, say the authors.
Fulminant hepatitis associated with the intrafamiliar spread of a Pre-S2 defective HBV variant and the late emergence of HBeAg-minus viral strains . *Dpt. Medicina Interna, Universit� Messina - UASL NA 1, Napoli - +Ist. Tumori, Milano - ?Ist. Virologia, Universit� Milano, Italy
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of immune status, age and genetic background on the induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus. Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and antigen-specific serum antibody levels could be induced in DBA/2 mice intragastrically and systemically immunized with A. viscocus, suggesting the induction of oral tolerance. In contrast, this immune suppression could be abrogated if the animals had been systemically immunized prior to the induction of oral tolerance with the same bacterium. Long-term systemic immunization prior to intragastric immunization with A. viscocus suppressed DTH response only. Cell transfer of this group of animals also suppressed DTH response in the donors, indicating the action of suppressor cells for inhibition of DTH response. Furthermore, oral tolerance to A. viscocus failed to occur in mice aged at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 36 weeks old. Mice bearing H-2d haplotype were the most susceptible to oral tolerization, followed by H-2b and H-2k. Therefore, the results of the presence study suggest that the induction of oral tolerance to A. viscosus in mice may be dependence on the immune status and genetic background but not age.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1966)

We publish below a selection of questions and answers of general interest.Tetany in Labour Q.-What is the best treatment for an attack of tetany in a patient in labour ?What is the present view about giving calcium in pregnancy ?A.-Tetany during labour, which is most frequently seen at the end of the first stage, is almost always the result of a reduction in the concentration of ionized calcium secondary to respiratory alkalosis caused by forced hyperventilation washing out carbon dioxide.
THE CHUBBY GIRL
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intensive care unit admissions with cirrhosis: Risk-stratifying patient groups and predicting individual survival
Authors: J Zimmerman
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Prognosis for acutely ill patients with cirrhosis is influenced by the severity of hepatic abnormalities and by dysfunction of other organ systems. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE III) prognostic system for risk-stratifying groups of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with cirrhosis and in predicting individual survival. We used data for 17,440 ICU admissions at 40 American hospitals to select 117 of the 537 patients with a history of cirrhosis who were ventilated on ICU day 1, a group known to have a high mortality rate. We then calculated each patient's probability of hospital death on ICU days 1 through 7, using seven previously validated multivariate equations. Hospital mortality was 63% for the 117 study patients. The most important determinants of risk for hospital death on ICU day 1 were the acute physiology score of APACHE III, ICU admission diagnosis, and operative status. Daily changes in the acute physiology score caused a rise or fall in the probability of hospital mortality and was useful in assessing individual response to therapy. APACHE III accurately risk stratifies critically ill patients with cirrhosis because it accounts for many of the factors known to influence prognosis. This capability can be used to assess severity of illness and risk-stratify patients with cirrhosis during clinical trials. Daily prognostic estimates based on physiological changes over time reflect patient response and can help physicians to assess the incremental benefit of therapy.
The Antipodes: Private Practice Publicly Supported
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early outcomes with neoadjuvant high-dose intensity methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (HD-MVAC) or gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A single-institution experience.
Authors: N. Mitra, J. P. Monk, K. S. Pohar, A. Shabsigh, D. S. Sharp, R. Abaza, G. N. Box, D. L. Zynger, S. L. Vandlik, A. S. Bhinder, T. Olencki, R. R. Bahnson, S. K. Clinton, A. Mortazavi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e15163 Background: Compared to MVAC, HD-MVAC achieves significantly higher complete response rates in patients (pts) with metastatic bladder cancer. Based on current literature, 7%-38% of pts with muscle-invasive bladder cancer achieve pathological down-staging (pT0) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC), which correlates with improved disease-free and overall survival. The role of HD-MVAC has not been evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting. In this retrospective study, we present our data in pts who received NC with HD-MVAC or GC followed by radical cystectomy (RC). Methods: From July 2008 to August 2010, 38 (pts) received 4 cycles of NC with either HD-MVAC or GC for at least T2 bladder cancer followed by RC. The endpoints of interest of this study were the complete pathologic response (pT0) or down-staging to <pT2 (pT0, pTis, and pT1) at RC; and median interval to RC from the time of diagnosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer and start of NC. Results: Fifteen pts received neoadjuvant HD-MVAC, and 23 received neoadjuvant GC. Clinical T stage at the time of diagnosis was T2 in 29 (76%), T3 in 3 (8%), and T4 in 6 (16%) pts. Down-staging to <pT2 was achieved in 8 (53%) of HD-MVAC pts and 10 (43%) of GC pts. pT0 was achieved in 5 (33%) of HD-MVAC pts and 9 (39%) of GC pts. The median interval from time of diagnosis to RC was 129 days (range 84-154) for the HD-MVAC pts, and 145 days (range 108-252) for the GC pts. The median interval from initiation of NC to RC was 85 days (range 53-122) for the HD-MVAC pts and 107 days (range 60-126) for the GC pts. Overall, NC was well tolerated with 80% of HD-MVAC pts and 78% of GC pts completing the planned chemotherapy. To this date, none of the pT0 pts had recurrence. Conclusions: Both neoadjuvant HD-MVAC and GC appear to be well tolerated, with very promising rate of pathological down-staging. Longer follow-up is needed for the survival outcomes of these patients. A proper multimodality care for pts with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with delivery of NC in a timely manner might be an important contributing factor to our very good institutional outcomes.
Considering Combination versus Sequential Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Considering Combination versus Sequential Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast CancerBoth combination and sequential single-agent chemotherapy are reasonable options to treat metastatic breast cancer, but the choice between the two should ultimately be based on patient-and disease-related factors, according to a new commentary published online August 5 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.Whether to use several chemotherapy drugs simultaneously or single agents sequentially, one after the other, is a controversial issue.To explore this question, the European School of Oncology Metastatic Breast Cancer Task Force held an open debate on the relative benefi ts of combination versus sequential therapy at the 6 th European Breast Cancer Conference.In this commentary, Fatima Cardoso, M.D., of the Jules Bordet Institute in Brussels, and colleagues summarize the recommendations of that task force, which includes the use of sequential chemotherapy with a single agent for patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer without rapid progression or life-threatening metastasis, and for those who do not need rapid symptom or disease control.The authors do not take one side over the other.Instead, they discuss the contributions and caveats of existing data on the two therapies.They do, however, note that because metastatic breast cancer is incurable, quality of life and overall survival should be the endpoints against which any systemic therapy is evaluated."Ultimately, the choice between combination and sequential systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer must involve an open discussion of potential side effects and logistical requirements with patients, taking into consideration the cost and availability of chemotherapeutic agents in local clinical practice settings," the authors write.
Processing Death
Authors: Jessica W. Tsai
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Outbreak of Primary and Secondary Syphilis—Guilford County, North Carolina, 1996-1997
Journal: JAMA (1999)

In 1996 and 1997, 153 cases of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis were reported each year in Guilford County, North Carolina, a 147% increase from the 62 cases reported in 1994 (Figure 1). The incidence of P&S syphilis in Guilford County during 1996-1997 was 40.5 cases per 100,000 persons, substantially higher than the national health objective for 2000 of four cases per 100,000 (objective 19.3). In comparison, the number of P&S syphilis cases in North Carolina declined 57% from 1994 to 1997 (Figure 1), to a rate of 10.9 per 100,000 in 1997. This report summarizes the results of an investigation conducted by the Guilford County Health Department (GCHD), the North Carolina Division of Epidemiology, and CDC, which suggest this ongoing outbreak has been associated with missed opportunities for syphilis screening and treatment in high-risk settings, increased exchange of sex for money or drugs, and substantial rates of coinfection with syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among those tested.