tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gefitinib monotherapy in previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of EGFR and its downstream molecules
Authors: S. W. Han, P. G. Hwang, D. H. Chung, J. H. Kim, D. W. Kim, T. Y. Kim, D. S. Heo, Y. J. Bang, N. K. Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7096 Background: Gefitinib (ZD1839) monotherapy in NSCLC has shown meaningful antitumor activity with tolerable toxicity in previous studies and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression status was not predictive of response. But its downstream molecules had not been examined in NSCLC. We analyzed efficacy and tolerability of gefitinib monotherapy in NSCLC and performed IHC analysis of EGFR and its downstream molecules and examined its correlation with response. Methods: Advanced NSCLC patients (pts) with ECOG PS 0–2 who had received two or more prior chemotherapy regimens were retrospectively analyzed. Patients received gefitinib 250mg daily as a part of expanded access program. Patients with evaluable paraffin embedded tissues obtained prior to any treatment had IHC determination of EGFR, phosphorylated(p)-EGFR, p-Erk expression. Their expression and correlation with response were analyzed. Results: Among 65 pts analyzed, we observed 14(21.5%) PR, 21(32.3%) SD, and 21(32.3%) PD. Nine patients were not evaluable. Median overall survival and time to progression was 6.7(95%CI 5.3–8.1) and 2.8(95% CI 1.9–3.7) months, respectively. Skin rash (31 pts, 47.6%) and diarrhea (20 pts, 31.8%) were most common adverse events. 34 patients had evaluable tissue specimen (9 operative specimen, 10 bronchoscopic biopsy(bx), 10 lung needle bx, 3 lymph node bx, 2 other site bx). EGFR expression was 0/1+/2+/3+ in 14/13/5/2 pts. p-EGFR expression was positive in 20.6%, p-Erk in 32.4%. None of the markers tested were correlated with response. Conclusions: Gefitinib monotherapy in previously treated advanced NSCLC showed efficacy and toxicity profile comparable to other studies. IHC determination of EGFR, p-EGFR, p-Erk failed to show correlation with response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Function of the Chronically Diseased Kidney
Authors: CARL W. GOTTSCHALK
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Adaptive morphological and functional changes in the chronically diseased kidney are described in historical perspective and their correlation is stressed. The consequences of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the presence of unchanged dietary intake on the mechanisms of excretion of substances passively reabsorbed, actively reabsorbed, and secreted are reviewed. Under these circumstances the plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea are necessarily elevated, but not that of electrolytes with regulated tubular transport. In the case of sodium, fractional excretion and GFR are reciprocally related in order to maintain unchanged rates of excretion and plasma concentration. With phosphate, regulated tubular reabsorption can prevent an increase in plasma concentration provided the GFR does not fall below approximately 25 ml/min. In the case of potassium, tubular secretion becomes apparent at marked decreases in filtration rate. These adaptive regulatory changes are considered predictable and necessary in order for the patient to survive, and are supported by compensatory morphological changes in some of the surviving nephrons. Heterogeneity in size of the surviving nephrons, particularly the proximal tubules and glomeruli, is documented and the prediction is made that these structural changes are associated with appropriate changes in rates of transport. Data are presented demonstrating marked heterogeneity of nephron filtration rates and proximal tubular transit times in experimentally diseased kidneys. The necessity of utilizing appropriate methods of study to obtain data on individual nephrons is stressed, as is the lack of knowledge concerning the mechanisms that lead to the compensatory structural and functional changes. It is concluded that the adaptive changes exhibited by the kidney with chronic renal disease are another and a special example of adaptive growth and, therefore, that it is more appropriate to think in terms of "adaptive nephrons" and not "intact nephrons".
Phase I study of oral irinotecan and temozolomide in children with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma: A New Approach to Neuroblastoma Therapy (NANT) Consortium study
Authors: L. M. Wagner, J. G. Villablanca, C. F. Stewart, K. R. Crews, M. A. O'Shaughnessy, S. Groshen, C. P. Reynolds, J. R. Park, J. M. Maris, K. K. Matthay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9567 Background: Irinotecan (IRN) and temozolomide (TEM) have single-agent activity and schedule-dependent synergy against neuroblastoma. Because intravenous IRN is costly and inconvenient, especially with protracted scheduling common in pediatric trials, we sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral IRN combined with TEM in children with recurrent/resistant high-risk neuroblastoma, using the antibiotic cefixime to reduce IRN-associated diarrhea. Methods: Patients received oral TEM on days 1–5 and oral IRN on days 1–5 and 8–12, with courses repeated every 21 days. Oral cefixime 8 mg/kg (max 400 mg/day) was started on day -5 and continued daily. Results: Fifteen patients (median age 7 years, range 2–22) with a median of 3.5 previous treatment regimens were evaluable for toxicity and have to date received 71 courses (median 2, range 1–19+). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose-limiting in the first 6 patients, and TEM was reduced from 100 to 75 mg/m 2 /day for all subsequent patients. IRN was then escalated from 30 to 60 mg/m 2 /day. First-course grade 3 diarrhea was dose-limiting in 1 of 6 patients treated at the IRN MTD of 60 mg/m 2 /day. Other toxicities were mild and reversible. No grade 4 therapy-related toxicity occurred in 27 courses administered at the MTD. The median SN-38 lactone AUC at this dose was 72 ng*hr/ml, similar to that reported with protracted intravenous IRN at the single-agent MTD. Of 14 patients evaluable for response, one with measurable nodal disease had a very good partial response through 6 courses. Six additional patients had stable disease for a median of 7.5 courses (range 6–19+). Two patients remain on study after 10 and 19 courses. Conclusions: This combination was well tolerated in heavily-pretreated children with resistant neuroblastoma, and 7 (50%) of 14 evaluable patients had response/stable disease for 6 or more courses in this Phase I trial. This all-oral regimen was feasible and resulted in favorable SN-38-lactone exposures. The dose recommended for further study in this patient population is TEM 75 mg/m 2 /day plus IRN 60 mg/m 2 /day when given with cefixime. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Reply
Authors: J Calam, S Moss
Journal: Gut (1992)

<b>Rationale:</b> Lung-resident memory T cells (T<sub>RM</sub>) play a critical role in protecting against respiratory infection. Maintained in a quiescent state, T<sub>RM</sub> are poised for rapid effector function upon reactivation with cognate antigen. Kronoscan is a clinic-ready, fibre-based, optical imaging system developed by the University of Edinburgh, capable of measuring both fluorescence intensity and lifetime. The aim of this study is to develop a staining protocol to enable the detection of human and non-human primate (NHP) pulmonary T<sub>RM</sub> populations in situ. <h3>Methods:</h3> Human lungs (deemed non-suitable for transplantation) following <i>ex vivo</i> lung perfusion (EVLP) and NHP lungs (cynomolgus macaque obtained from Charles River Laboratories) were enzymatically digested to achieve a single cell suspension. Cells were stained with cross-reactive antibodies prior to flow cytometric analysis. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging was also performed using Kronoscan on MACs-enriched, antibody-stained, pulmonary T cells. <h3>Results:</h3> Human and NHP T<sub>RM</sub> were primarily identified using CD69 and CD103 and co-expressed a number of chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR10), adhesion molecules (CD49a, CD49d) and the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1. Differences in phenotype were observed between CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub>. T<sub>RM</sub> could be identified via fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging using Kronoscan. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> A cross-reactive antibody panel capable of detecting human and NHP pulmonary T<sub>RM</sub> was successfully developed. Fibre-based fluorescence lifetime imaging may provide a valuable tool for assessing pulmonary T<sub>RM</sub> populations <i>in situ</i>, reflecting the level of immunity following infection and vaccination.
Outcomes of Treatment vs Observation of Localized Prostate Cancer in Elderly Men
Authors: George A. Mark
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnicity, sex, and the NBME Part I examination
Authors: J. M. Bestler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —After reading the Editorial entitled "Examining the Examinations for Licensure and Certification in Medicine" by Dr Norcini,<sup>1</sup>I was left with the discomforting impression that Norcini is recommending that if candidates fail the examination it may be the examination's fault rather than the preparation of the candidate. I think that he is also suggesting that the candidate's ethnic background should be taken into account when difficulty with an examination is found. Can't a candidate just plain flunk? Then he or she can study harder, take it again next year, and hopefully do better.
TEMPORARY RIGHT-SIDED COLOSTOMY IN CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE COLON.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 1 to September 1, 1966
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1966)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 1 to September 1, 1966 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 37, Issue 4, October 1966, Page 561, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/37.4.561-a Published: 01 October 1966
Randomized Trial of Partial Versus Complete Chordal Preservation Methods of Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Kwok L. Yun, Colleen F. Sintek, D. Craig Miller, Gregg T. Schuyler, Alden D. Fletcher, Thomas A. Pfeffer, Gary S. Kochamba, Siavosh Khonsari, Michael R. Zile
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The merits of retaining the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement for chronic mitral regurgitation have been demonstrated in numerous clinical and laboratory investigations. In this preliminary report, we analyzed the early effects of complete versus partial chordal preservation on left ventricular mechanics. Methods and Results —Fifty patients undergoing isolated surgical correction of mitral insufficiency were prospectively randomized to either total or partial chordal-sparing mitral valve replacement. Of the first 19 patients studied, 8 had preservation of the posterior leaflet only, and 11 had complete preservation of all chordal structures. A comparison group consisted of 6 patients who had primary mitral valve repair. Echocardiography was performed preoperatively and at discharge from the hospital to determine dimensions, wall stress, and ejection fraction. Preservation of the posterior leaflet only resulted in a reduction in end-diastolic volume, an increase in end-systolic volume ( P =0.058), a rising trend in end-systolic stress, a decrease in long-axis fractional shortening, and a fall in ejection fraction from 0.68±0.16 to 0.46±0.19 ( P =0.001). Although patients who had preservation of all chordal structures also had decreased end-diastolic volume, long-axis fractional shortening, and ejection fraction (0.60±0.13 to 0.52±0.07, P =0.01), end-systolic stress fell and end-systolic volume decreased instead of increased. Compared with the posterior leaflet preservation group, those in the group with completely preserved chordal structures had a larger decline in end-diastolic volume and smaller decreases in long-axis fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Changes in end-systolic volume and stress were also statistically different between the 2 cohorts. No differences were detected between the group with total preserved chordal structures and the mitral repair group in any of the measured parameters. Conclusions —Compared with posterior chordal preservation only, complete retention of the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement resulted in improved ejection performance and smaller chamber volumes due to reduced systolic wall stress. These hemodynamic advantages are comparable to those observed with primary mitral reconstruction.
Incorrect Units, Group Name, and Author Name
Authors: Vineet Chopra
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Jeanne M. Marrazzo, MD, MPH; Carlos del Rio, MD; David R. Holtgrave, PhD; Myron S. Cohen, MD; Seth C. Kalichman, PhD; Kenneth H. Mayer, MD; Julio S. G. Montaner, MD; Darrell P. Wheeler, PhD, MPH; Robert M. Grant, MD, MPH; Beatriz Grinsztejn, MD, PhD; N. Kumarasamy, MD, PhD; Steven Shoptaw, PhD; Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH; Francois Dabis, MD, PhD; Jeremy Sugarman, MD, MPH; Constance A. Benson, MD
Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sandeep Vijan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Letters19 May 2020Type 2 DiabetesSandeep Vijan, MDSandeep Vijan, MDUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.V.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L20-0012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Tian and colleagues are correct that the diagnostic criteria for diabetes should include an FPG level of 7.0 mmol/L or higher (≥126 mg/dL) rather than greater than 7.0 mmol/L (>126 mg/dL). The values in Table 1 are accurate, but this table should be more accurately titled "Diagnostic Criteria for Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes."Dr. Tian and colleagues note that a nonfasting glucose level is not entirely equivalent to a random glucose level. I agree that the terminology should be better aligned with that of the ADA for consistency. However, this difference is of minimal consequence in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (S.V.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M19-1836. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoType 2 Diabetes Sandeep Vijan Type 2 Diabetes Shen Tian , Juan Wu , Jia-shuo Liu , Bao-shan Zou , and Ling-quan Kong Metrics Cited byDetermination of N-acetyl-DL-leucine in the saliva of healthy volunteers and diabetic patients using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection 19 May 2020Volume 172, Issue 10Page: 705KeywordsBloodConflicts of interestDiabetes preventionDisclosureGlucoseMedical risk factorsOral glucose tolerance testSpecificityType 2 diabetes ePublished: 19 May 2020 Issue Published: 19 May 2020 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2020 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Availability of Book in Error
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
研究发现特定分子在斑秃患者中增多, 并且可能与个人抑郁程度相关
Authors: K.A. Bain, E. McDonald, F. Moffat, M. Tutino, M. Castelino, A. Barton, J. Cavanagh, U.Z. Ijaz, S. Siebert, I.B. McInnes, A. Astrand, S. Holmes, S.W.F. Milling
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

斑秃 (AA) 是一种可导致脱发的常见疾病。约 2% 的人群在其生命中至少遭受一次 AA 的影响。这种疾病通常从一块头发脱发开始,但可能会影响整个头皮或身体。脱发由免疫系统的细胞攻击皮肤中的生发结构引起。不幸的是,60% 的 AA 患者也会出现抑郁、焦虑或相关病症。 本研究来自苏格兰,旨在了解 AA 患者血液中是否有不同水平的免疫系统产生的分子。作者发现,与非 AA 患者相比,活化免疫细胞产生的多种分子水平升高。本研究还试图了解血液中的这些分子是否可能导致某些患者的抑郁症。这个想法基于其他疾病(如类风湿关节炎)的研究,这些研究发现免疫细胞产生的分子与抑郁症之间的联系。 研究人员要求患者完成有关其心理健康的调查问卷,以生成抑郁评分。作者通过使用复杂公式发现,在 AA 患者中增加的两种特定分子与患者的抑郁程度有关。 作者认为,这些研究结果将有助于了解 AA 的病因,重要的是将来可能有助于开发更好的治疗。 本摘要涉及研究:斑秃表现为系统性 17 型和 2 型细胞因子调节障碍,这可能导致疾病相关的心理疾病
Kartagener syndrome. Case report in an elderly man
Authors: H. Amjad
Journal: JAMA (1974)

KARTAGENER syndrome is a clinical entity comprising a combination of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis or nasal polyposis. The triad is usually seen in a young age group and is punctuated by recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. Our patient is an 88-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, he is the oldest reported survivor with this triad. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 88-year-old white man was recently admitted to the medical service, William Beaumont Hospital. He had generalized weakness, fever, and yellow sputum of three days' duration. He had been hospitalized in 1972 for left lower-lobe pneumonia and once came to the emergency room in 1968 for an upper respiratory tract infection. He could recall since early childhood the production of large amounts of sputum, but otherwise, his health had been relatively good. There was no family history of roentgenological or significant clinical evidence of bronchiectasis, sinusitis,
Infection Hazards in Swimming Pools
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Cooperation in Social Insurance Investigation
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal