tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Abuse: Prevalence and Detection in a General Hospital
Authors: Ronan Hearne, Anita Connolly, John Sheehan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Despite a high prevalence of alcohol-related disabilities and the availability of cost-effective interventions, alcohol abuse and dependence commonly go undetected in hospital inpatients. In a university teaching hospital we compared three well validated screening methods for sensitivity and specificity—the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, with various cut-off scores), CAGE (a four-question screening tool), and a 10-question version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (BMAST). A subset of patients also completed the DSM IV structured clinical interview for diagnosis. 1133 adult patients were randomly selected from all hospital admissions, with exclusion of day cases and patients too ill to be interviewed. Two-thirds of the patients were interviewed, most of the remainder being unavailable at the time. 30% of the men and 8% of the women met the DSM IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Sensitivities and specificities of the screening tools were as follows: AUDIT (with cut-off score &gt; 8) 89% and 91%; CAGE 77% and 99%; BMAST 37% and 100%. 255 case records of patients scoring above the cut-off on one or more questionnaires were subsequently reviewed. The admitting team recognized an alcohol problem in only 46, of whom 17 were referred for appropriate follow up. As in previous hospital surveys, alcohol abuse and dependence was not receiving proper attention. The most efficient screening tool was the CAGE questionnaire.
Mercy Killing
Authors: Richard S. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Goodwin's analysis of euthanasia in "Mercy Killing: Mercy for Whom?"<sup>1</sup>was correct as far as it went. However, using the same type of argument, passive euthanasia also can be shown to be selfish on the part of the surrogate. Should the selfishness of mercy killing or any procedure really affect our decision making? What about making the opposite choice, to prolong life? The norm of decision making today is autonomy, the right to decide for oneself. It may be that, without advance directives to guide them, all surrogate decisions made for the permanently and severely disabled are selfish. After all, the patient's self can no longer speak: it is the surrogate's self deciding.
The selection of residents
Authors: Robert J. McCollister
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I commend Dr Deutsch on his enlightened approach to evaluation of the credentials of applicants to his program in ophthalmology and on his use of NBME scores to supplement or corroborate other information. However, I do not share his optimistic view that "everyone" realizes the interrelationship between NBME test scores and election to Alpha Omega Alpha. Whether there is a relationship between board scores, preclinical grades, and clerkships has been debated, but as Dr Deutsch points out each is at least partly independent of NBME results. Thousands of faculty will welcome his statement that NBME scores serve to corroborate faculty evaluations. For that I applaud him! However, we must continue to be concerned that NBME scores alone are used to determine who is called for an interview, itself a key indicator of an applicant who remains a viable candidate for the highly competitive specialties. I agree with Dr
Progress Toward Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease Among Infants and Children—United States, 1993-1994
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Newer Biology
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Desiderius Erasmus. The spirit and the flesh
Authors: C. D. O'Malley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It may or may not be true that the pen is mightier than the sword, but no one ever exemplified that maxim better than the Dutch humanist Desiderius Erasmus, born of illegitimate parentage around 1466. As a youth he was immured in a cloister, presumably dead to the outer world. Nevertheless, through intelligence, avid desire for learning, and a kind of discreet beggary from the wealthy and powerful to support his studies, Erasmus was to attain a mastery of Latin style which made him the greatest writer and publicist of his age. His correspondence, which fills 11 closely printed volumes, includes letters to and from emperors, kings, and popes, all of them wanting his services as minister, bishop, or cardinal. Erasmus was not precocious. Not until he was more than 40 years of age did his writings begin to make their mark upon the world; and it was from about
Abstracts for the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Greater New York and New England Chapters, 32nd Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Meeting
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Online First Collections ACNM MeetingsCMECommunication in OrganizationCOVID-19Feedback and RewardsFrom the American College of Nuclear MedicineHighly Cited and Frequently Read ArticlesPlanning and Conducting Meetings EffectivelyQuality and Safety in Health CareRecruitment of New PhysiciansTips for Giving a Memorable PresentationTips for LeadersTips for Physicians in Getting the Right Job ACNM ArticlesACNM Website For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalEditorial BoardAdvertisingOpen AccessSubscription ServicesReprintsRights and Permissions All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
Electrical and Freeze-Fracture Analysis of the Effects of Ionic Cadmium on Cell Membranes of Human Proximal Tubule Cells
Authors: Debra J. Hazen-Martin, John H. Todd, Mary Ann Sens, Wasil Khan, John E. Bylander, Brendan J. Smyth, Donald A. Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We previously reported that cell cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells respond to ionic cadmium in a manner consistent with well-defined Cd(2+)-elicited responses reported for in vivo systems. However, one unique finding was that the transepithelial electrical resistance and tight junction sealing strands were altered as a result of Cd2+ exposure at micromolar concentrations. These alterations are reexamined in detail in the present report to determine whether the Cd(2+)-induced alterations are specific alterations in the tight junction structure or reflect a general alteration in the cell membrane. Exhaustive analysis of tight junction sealing strands demonstrated no significant alterations due to Cd2+ exposure, even at the concentration that elicited a significant reduction in transepithelial resistance. Further analysis of intramembrane particle distribution demonstrated a significant increase in apical intramembrane particles, indicating that Cd2+ exposure altered the characteristics of the apical cell membrane. Overall, the results were consistent with evidence of Cd(2+)-induced alteration in the apical cell membrane of the HPT cell.
Oxygen free radical production mediated by cocaine and its ethanol-derived metabolite, cocaethylene, in rat hepatocytes
Authors: U Boelsterli
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cocaine ethyl ester (“cocaethylene”) is a cocaine metabolite formed by hepatic carboxylesterases in the presence of ethanol. In the human liver, this pharmacologically active cocaine analog may reach concentrations similar to those of cocaine. To further investigate the intrinsic hepatotoxic potential of cocaethylene and to compare its effects with the known hepatocyte-damaging effects of cocaine, primary short-term cultures of hepatocytes derived from phenobarbital-pretreated rats were exposed to cocaine or cocaethylene (10 to 1000 μmol/L). Both drugs caused time- and concentration-dependent release of lactate dehydrogenase into the extracellular medium in a congruent pattern. Spontaneous hydrolysis of cocaethylene was negligible at pH 7.4, and the rate of 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate (SKF-525A) and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride-sensitive enzymatic degradation in hepatocyte cultures was similar to that of cocaine (half-time, ≈︁ 3 hr). Furthermore, both cocaine and cocaethylene induced massive NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species production in hepatic microsomal suspensions and in homogenates of cultured hepatocytes, as directly demonstrated by superoxide dismutase– and catalase-sensitive luminol chemiluminescence. The integrated photon emission and the maximal slopes of the luminol chemiluminescence displayed similar concentration-response curves for cocaine and cocaethylene. These data suggest that reactive oxygen species, generated during the interaction of cocaine and cocaethylene with cytochrome P-450, may be the common mediators of hepatotoxicity induced by these compounds. Moreover, they indicate that the potential for cocaethylene to induce acute lethal cell injury in hepatocytes through oxidative mechanisms is similar to that of its parent compound, cocaine. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1154-1161).
The Hereditary Renal Diseases
Authors: Gerald T. Perkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE past two decades have seen rapid growth of knowledge of clinical and biochemical genetics, and of the mechanisms by which genetically determined diseases occur. It is not surprising, then, that the number of diverse renal diseases now known to be hereditary has increased steadily from a few1 to 30 or more.2 , 3 At the same time, understanding of the pathogenesis of some of these disorders has increased. Growth in understanding has been variable, however, and has occurred mainly in the area of the physiology of several abnormalities of renal tubular function. Considerably less is known about the hereditary diffuse anatomic . . .
Neighborhood Playground
Authors: Wynne Morrison
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Redefining Bipolar Disorder: Toward DSM-V
Authors: Mary L. Phillips, Ellen Frank
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Redefining Bipolar Disorder: Toward DSM-VWe now recognize that bipolar disorder is often accompanied by anxiety, eating, and substance use disorders (1) and high rates of medical illness, especially cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic diseases (2).Individuals with bipolar disorder also suffer from a marked disruption in sleep rhythms and social relations.Rather than defining bipolar disorder solely as one of episodic mood disturbances, we should consider defining it as a multisystem disorder involving disturbances in all of the abovementioned domains.By employing a symptom-based rather than an etiologically based approach, DSM-IV fails to reflect the multisystem presentation of bipolar disorder.Increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging and genetic research have deepened our understanding of the neurobiology of bipolar disorder as one involving complex disturbances in relationships, linking environment, genes, neural systems, and behavior.This approach supports the research agenda for DSM-V, emphasizing the need to translate basic and clinical neuroscience research findings into a new classification system for psychiatric disorders (3).Although the understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder remains limited, preliminary findings from recent neuroimaging studies have indicated persistent dysfunctions specific to bipolar disorder within neural systems underlying mood and cognition (4, 5) that are also found in healthy first-degree relatives as endophenotypes of the disorder (6).Specific genetic variables contributing to normal functional variation may further affect dysfunctions within these systems (7).How can DSM-V reflect the clinical complexity and pathophysiology of bipolar disorder?An immediate first step is initiating large-scale studies to identify the specific clinical spectrum, neurocognitive, and neuroimaging measures that best distinguish individuals with bipolar disorder from those with other mood and psychotic disorders and incorporating these as supplementary diagnostic criteria into DSM-V.The future challenge will be to test the construct validity of these new measures versus conventional criteria in longitudinal studies examining clinical outcome and treatment response, leading ultimately to an etiologically and pathophysiologically based classification system for bipolar disorder.
Book Reviews
Authors: Paul C. Mohl, Linda C. Wyrick, William Cleveland, David Hawkins, Linda Burdette, Redford B. Williams, M.A. van den Hout, E. Griez, Stuart Shipko, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen, Juha Ruokolainen, Timo Lehtonen, Murray Cox, Roberta J. Apfel, Reinhard Waeber, Rolf H. Adler, Alfred Schwank, Renato L. Galeazzi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

This book includes, in an informative and didactically successful manner, how to apply key psychological concepts in ambulatory medicine.On the basis of this selected text, a lot of relevant and easily understandable advice is presented to the primary care physician to deal effectively with the psychological issues that arise and may complicate the ambulatory patient's physiological condition.The introductory chapter entitled 'The conceptual framework' is followed by 'Selected clinical issues', particularly: 'Organic mental syndromes', 'Noncompliance', 'The aged patient' and 'The obese patient' as well as 'The intrafamilial environment of the chronically ill patient'.The third part includes 'The future of psychological medicine' as well as the psychologico-medical activ ities within the 'Hospital-inpatient setting' and within the 'Technologically oriented ambu latory setting'.Indeed, Strain firmly believes and illustrates that the therapeutic effectiveness of a physician-patient relationship depends upon the physician's possession of a certain basic psychological knowledge.
Reply
Authors: G Lux, J Hagel, P Baecker, B Baecker, R Vogl, H Ruppin, S Domschke, W Domschke
Journal: Gut (1995)

published literature on the gastrointestinal effects of acupuncture, we were unable to find any controlled study showing the effect of acupuncture on ulcer healing.4There have been three reports, however, of uncontrolled studies5-7 suggesting that acupuncture may be of therapeutic benefit in peptic ulcer dis- ease and Lux et al cited one of these.It is unfortunate that Lux et al failed to recognise our own work, but more so that they did not extend our initial studies into the mechanisms participating in the inhibition of acid secretion by acupuncture.Clearly, we agree with them that further studies are needed to examine therapeutic efficacy.
ABX-EGF monotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): An updated analysis
Authors: J. R. Hecht, A. Patnaik, I. Malik, A. Venook, J. Berlin, G. Croghan, B. L. Wiens, S. Visonneau, S. Jerian, N. J. Meropol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3511 Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase expressed in mCRC. ABX-EGF is a high-affinity, fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody directed against EGFr. Methods: This phase 2 study assessed the efficacy and safety of ABX-EGF monotherapy in pts with mCRC who previously failed therapy with a fluoropyrimidine and irinotecan or oxaliplatin or both. Tumors were tested for EGFr expression by immunohistochemistry in all pts screened; cohort A enrolled pts with EGFr expression of 2+ or 3+ in >=10% of tumor cells and cohort B enrolled pts with <10% 2+ or 3+, but 1+, 2+ or 3+ in >=10% of tumor cells. Pts received 2.5 mg/kg ABX-EGF weekly IV over 1 hr. The primary endpoint was response (RECIST) at week 8 with responses confirmed >=4 weeks later. Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were collected before and after dose 8 of each cycle. Enrollment is complete, with treatment ongoing. Results: 148 pts (82 men/66 women; ECOG status 0 [42 pts] or 1 [106 pts]) were enrolled in cohort A (n=105) and cohort B (n=43). Of 148 pts with evaluations after 8 weeks, 15 (10.1%; 95%CI: 5.8%, 16.2%) had confirmed partial responses (12 cohort A, 3 cohort B) and 54 (36.5%) had stable disease (39 cohort A, 15 cohort B) by investigator assessment. The most frequent adverse event (AE) was skin rash (> 90%) [3.4% grade 3]. Other grade 3/4 AEs in >3 pts were fatigue (9 pts) and anemia (4 pts). One pt had a grade 3 infusion-related reaction considered possibly related to ABX-EGF and was premedicated for further treatment. PK appeared to reach steady state after 8 doses, and no unusual accumulation of ABX-EGF was observed for up to 4 cycles. Conclusions: This updated interim analysis suggests that ABX-EGF is well-tolerated, with encouraging single-agent antitumor activity in mCRC pts failing standard chemotherapy. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen Amgen Amgen Amgen Amgen
An epidemiologic study of risk factors in two teenage suicide clusters
Authors: L. E. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Two clusters of teenage suicides occurred in Texas between February 1983 and October 1984. The eight suicides from the first cluster and the six from the second were investigated together in a case-control study using a closedresponse questionnaire administered to parents. Three control teenagers were matched with each case subject on the basis of school district, grade, race, and sex. Questions concerned the direct and indirect exposures of subjects to previous suicides as well as their life circumstances and behaviors. Case subjects were not more likely than control subjects to have had direct exposure to suicide as measured by their acquaintance with a person who committed suicide. Similarly, indirect exposure to suicide through the media was not associated significantly with suicide. Case subjects were more likely to have attempted or threatened suicide previously, to have damaged themselves physically, and to have known someone closely who died violently. Case subjects were more likely to have broken up with their girlfriends or boyfriends recently. They also had moved more often than control subjects, attended more schools, and lived with more parent figures. Identification of high-risk youths through knowledge of relevant risk factors can help to direct preventive services to those young people most susceptible to suicide. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2687-2692)
Blood Grouping
Authors: A. E. Mourant
Journal: BMJ (1966)

A healthy patient presented with painful skin lesions on the anterior surface of her legs. Erythema nodosum was diagnosed but all the usual causes were ruled out. The finding of bilateral enlarged axillary lymph nodes with necrosis and granulomas led to the diagnosis of <i>Bartonella</i> infection, an unusual cause of erythema nodosum. Imaging also revealed splenomegaly and small para-aortic lymph nodes. Up to one quarter of the patients with cat-scratch disease present atypically, a considerably higher prevalence than previously reported. A comprehensive review of the literature (PubMed, since inception, all languages) revealed a remarkable array of unusual presentations which are summarised and briefly discussed.