tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Animal Models of Human Disease: Severe and Mild Lead Encephalopathy in the Neonatal Rat
Authors: I. Arthur Michaelson, Mitchell W. Sauerhoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Inorganic lead produces cerebral dysfunction and clinically definable encephalo- pathies in man.To date there have been few studies on the biochemical changes in brain following exposure to inorganic lead.Studies correlating toxicity with behavioral and brain neurochemical changes following lead exposure have been hindered because adult laboratory animals are resistant to the central nervous system effects of lead poisoning.Such studies have been impeded by lack of suitable experimental models until Pentschew and Garro showed that brain lesions develop In neonatal rats when a pregnant rat newly delivered of her litter is placed on a 4% lead carbonate containing diet.Lead passes into the developing sucklings via maternal milk.Lead-poisoned new- borns have pronounced retardation of growth and during the fourth week of ilfe develop the severe signs of lead encephalopathy, namely, extensive histological lesions of the cerebellum, brain edema, and paraplegia.There is an approximate 85-fold increase in the lead concentration of both the cerebellum and cerebral cortex relative to controls, but edema and gross vascular changes are confined to the cerebellum.Ingested lead had little effect on RNA, DNA, and protein concentrations of developing rat cerebellum and cerebral cortex.However, there was a reduction of between 10 and 20% in the DNA content of the cerebellum around 3 weeks of age in the lead-exposed sucklings.This suggests a failure of cell multiplication in this part of the brain.A critical evaluation of this experimental approach indicated that under similar dietary conditions experimental lactating rats eat 30% less food than controls resulting in: (a) sustained loss in body weight of nursing mothers and that (b) offsprings who develop paraplegia and cerebellar damage do so after gaining access to lead containing diet.We have studied mothers' food consumption and body weight changes and blood, milk, and brain lead content; and newborns' body and brain weight changes, blood and brain lead content, and brain serotonin (5HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and -y-aminobutyric acid (GABA).We have found that a lactating mother rat eating 5% lead acetate (2.73% Pb) produced milk containing 25 ppm lead.When the mothers' diet is changed at day 16 from 5% PbAc to one containing 25 ppm Pb, and
Systemic inflammation is associated with cardiodynamic state in acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Michael Praktiknjo, Sofia Monteiro, Josephine Grandt, Nina Kimer, Jan Lysgaard Madsen, Mikkel Parsberg Werge, Maximilian Joseph Brol, Laura Turco, Robert Schierwagen, Chang Johannes, Sabine Klein, Christian Jansen, Frank Uschner, Christoph Welsch, Richard Moreau, Filipo Schepis, Flemming Bendtsen, Lise Lotte Gluud, Søren Møller, Jonel Trebicka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Patients' accounts of being removed from their general practitioner's list: qualitative study
Journal: BMJ (2003)

saved per 100 patients treated.Benefits from prehospital thrombolysis have also been shown to include a reduction in overall morbidity. 6 In all the groups, ambulance response time, defined as the time from calling for professional help to the arrival of an emergency ambulance, shows a marked difference between patients calling their general practitioner and those who dial 999.Although the contribution of general practitioners in this setting should not be underestimated in clear cut cases, the adoption of the "dual response" suggested by the British Heart Foundation might minimise this delay. 13 Any system of prehospital thrombolysis requires a rapid response to calls about undifferentiated chest pain received from within the community.Over the 12 months of our study the accident and emergency department received 229 calls and effected thrombolysis in 28 patients.Although this ratio is broadly similar for patients receiving thrombolysis in hospital, it underlines the commitment and resources necessary to promote early treatment.We thank R Chan, senior lecturer in cardiovascular epidemiology, for his help with the statistical analysis, Robert Colburn of the Scottish Ambulance Service for his help in establishing the project, and Steve Beedie, ambulance paramedic, for his help in collecting prehospital data.Contributors: DKP designed the study and wrote the paper.KB and EMC collected the data and compiled the database.CGG was involved in the planning, implementation, and audit of the service.IG was responsible for paramedics' training and service development.GM and THP participated in validation of the data.SDP helped plan the service and revised the first draft of the paper.MCJ had the original idea for the provision and design of the service, participated in implementation and audit
Multidisciplinary risk assessment to reveal cancer treatments in unfit cancer patients.
Authors: Pascaline Boudou-Rouquette, Olivier Huillard, Audrey Thomas-Schoemann, Anne Chahwakilian, Galdric Orvoen, Antoine Tesniere, Laure Cabanes, Julie Giroux, Anatole Cessot, Jean Stephanazzi, Helen Mosnier-Pudar, Jean-Philippe Durand, Vincent Montheil, Jerome Alexandre, Francois Goldwasser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

9551 Background: Older age is a cause of disparity in cancer treatment decision. Treatment guidelines for patients with comorbidities, polypharmacy, denutrition or psycho-social frailty are needed. A pre-therapeutic multidimensional assessment might improve the unfit patient management. We developed an experimental program of integrated medicine called ARIANE. We report 18 months activity of this outpatient setting evaluation, its feasibility and impact on treatment decision-making. Methods: Unfit patients with predefined cancer treatment strategy entered into the program. A one-day evaluation combined consultations of cardiologist, geriatrician, diabetologist, anesthetist, pharmacist, pain specialist, dietician, psychologist and social worker. Evaluation of performance status, ECG, ejection fraction, ASA score, diabetes, social vulnerability and malnutrition was performed including a geriatric assessment, which focused on items like comorbidity (CIRS-G), dependence (ADL, IADL), fails (Up and Go Test), cognitive impairment (MMSE, Clock Drawing Test) and depression (GDS scale). A pharmacist assessed the risk of drug-drug interactions. Results: Eighty-seven pts, median age 81 years (range 25-94), 76% male, 51% PS 0-1, 77% grade 3 or 4 comorbidity were included. Genito-urinary, lung cancers and sarcoma represented 77% of pts. Eighty-two percent of pts were assessed by at least ≥ 7 participants. Identified factors of vulnerability were polypharmacy (n=65; 75%; >3 drugs), social distress or severe malnutrition (both n=21; 24%), depression (n=17; 19.5%) and cognitive impairment (n=13; 15%). We identified drug interactions in 18 pts (27%). The risk assessment resulted in anticancer treatment changes in 47/87 patients (54%): protocol adaptation (n=19/87; 22%), less aggressive treatment (n=15/87; 17.2%), or more intensive therapy (n=13/87; 15%). Conclusions: A one-day multidisciplinary risk assessment is an answer to the complexity of unfit cancer patients and improves the safety of anticancer treatments.
<i>Bericht des niederösterreich. Landesausschusses über seine Amstwirksamkeit vom 1. Juli, 1901, bis 30. Juni, 1902. Vi. Gesundheitswesen, Landeswohltatigsangelegenheiten, Militareinquartierung und Vorspann.</i> (Referent: Leopold Steiner. Wien, 1902, aus der kaiserlichköniglichen Hof-und Staatsdruckerei.)
Authors: W. R. D.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1904)
Prioritization of Chemicals According to the Degree of Hazard in the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Dean R. Branson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Chemicals designated as "priority pollutants" or "toxics" have received special attention recently because the discharge of these compounds into public water is to be restricted to the maximum possible with little regard to water quality or economics. The selection of many of the 129 priority cemicals was not based on an objective scientific assessment of the exposure and effect data. In fact, for some compounds, including acenaphthene and 4-chlorophenyl-phenyl ether, the necessary data for listing were non-existent. As an alternative to arbitrarily listing or delisting chemicals for the purpose of prioity control, this paper suggests a promising scientific approach to selecting priority chemicals based on the principles of hazard assessment for chemicals in the aquatic environment. According o the hypothesis, the highest priority chemicals are those with the least margin of safety, defined as the gap between the no-observable-effect concentrations and the ambient exposure concentrations. The no-observable-effect concenrations are based on the results of chronic or sensitive life stage tests with aquatic organisms and the acceptable daily intake rate for fish eates. The ambient exposure concentrations are levels either measured in fish and water, or roughly estimated from a simple nomogram that requires only two of the following three factors: environmental release rate, ratio of dissipation to bioconcentration potential, or ambient residues in fish. The chemicals studied to illustrate this approach to prioritizing chemicals based on hazard assessment are: polychlorinated biphenyls, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, and pentachlorophenol.
THE CONTROL OF NARCOTIC ADDICTION
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE STUDY OF RELAPSING FEVER—A RECORD OF PERSONAL HEROISM
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OC-051 Erk MAP kinase signalling and PEA3 are synergistic in predicting adversity in gastric adenocarcinomas
Authors: R R Keld, B Guo, P Downey, C Gulmann, Y Ang, A Sharrocks
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The PEA3 sub family consists of 3 similar transcription factors, PEA3, ER81 and ERM. In gastric cancer cells PEA3 is activated by H pylori and it has been shown to regulate MMP-7 and invasion. PEA3 mRNA expression correlates with an adverse prognosis in gastric adenocarcinomas. We have previously shown that PEA3 and/or ER81 mRNA correlates with adverse the indicator, MMP-1 and MMP-7. Very high PEA3 protein expression in isolation is associated with tumour metastases. However tumours with PEA3 mRNA and lower protein expression did not correlate with prognostic markers. PEA3 is regulated by ERK MAP kinase signalling in oesophageal adenocarcinomas and we investigated if this pathway plays an important role in gastric adenocarcinomas. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (37) and controls (11) were selected. Tissue microarrays were constructed for immunohistochemical studies of PEA3 and pERK. The t test and chi square test were used for statistical analysis. A p value &lt;0.05 was judged to be significant. <h3>Results</h3> In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, active ERK signalling is present in 60%. From these, ERK signalling is associated with an advanced tumour stage (AJCC stage 1 67%, stage 2: 33%, stage 3: 21% stage 4: 80% p=0.04). Active signalling is present in stage 1 and 2 tumours (55%). Survival is significantly reduced in patients with active ERK signalling (41 vs 34 months P=0.05) on univariate analysis. Adenocarcinomas with PEA3 and pERK co-occurrence frequently have distant metastases 60% (T and N stage vs M stage p=0.048). Survival is worse in patients with combined pERK and PEA3 presence compared to PEA3 or pERK presence in isolation (12 vs 30 vs 63 months p=0.071). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results indicate that ERK MAP kinase signalling is an important marker of an advanced tumour stage and prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. The signalling pathway is frequently active in early stage (AJCC 1–3) tumours. Previous studies have shown poor results with MEK inhibition treatment in Pancreatic, Colon, Lung and Breast cancers. This may be due to the selection of heterogeneous tumours with an advanced disease stage or tumours with activation of alternative signalling pathways. Our results suggest consideration of trialling MEK inhibition treatment in patients with earlier stage disease in gastric adenocarcinoma. The more adverse outcome in patients with the combination of ERK MAP signalling and PEA3 indicates that a combined approach with inhibition of PEA3, could be considered in selected patients.
Reply:
Authors: Keisaku Sato, Fanyin Meng, Gianfranco Alpini
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We read with great interest the comments Dr. Kato and colleagues made on our paper "Ductular Reaction in Liver Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Translational Significances."1 As described in our review, there are no gold‐standard methods or antibodies available to identify cholangiocytes, hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), and their origins. As mentioned by Dr. Kato and colleagues, HPCs may express less cytokeratin (CK) 19 compared to CK7. In fact, Tan et al.2 have reported that HPCs express enriched CK7 but express less CK19. However, Li et al.3 have isolated HPCs from patients' liver tissues and have performed RT‐PCR showing that HPCs have 18.2‐fold higher CK19 messenger RNA expression compared with hepatocytes. In addition, we have demonstrated that cholangiocytes are heterogeneous in cell size and function (small and large cholangiocytes), and small cholangiocytes could be progenitor‐like cells because (1) small cholangiocytes have a larger nucleus‐to‐cytosol ratio compared with large cholangiocytes, which is similar to oval cells; (2) small cholangiocytes proliferate de novo and differentiate into large cholangiocytes when large cholangiocytes are damaged; and (3) small cholangiocyte transplantation attenuates liver damage and fibrosis in the cholestatic liver injury mouse model, which is similar in effect to stem cell transplantation.4 Both small and large cholangiocytes express CK7 and CK19, and, hence, immunohistochemistry using either of these antibodies cannot distinguish between the two subsets. Although the intermediate cells under transdifferentiation from hepatocytes into cholangiocytes could have a specific stage that expresses CK7 but not CK19, it is not very feasible to distinguish between liver resident HPCs and/or small cholangiocytes and intermediate progenitor‐like cells differentiating from hepatocytes by using immunohistochemistry to observe marker expression or morphological differences. Further studies are required to establish the methodology for conclusive identification of liver cells and transdifferentiation. Furthermore, HPC proliferation and differentiation as well as cell transition from hepatocytes into cholangiocytes and vice versa may vary significantly depending on mouse models or triggering agents for liver damage that are used in the study. Expression levels of CK7 and CK19 could differ depending on models or transition levels/stages of cells. Careful attention should be paid in experimental models and procedures, and data using several methods or antibodies may be required to support the identification of specific liver cells.
BOVINE AND HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: Andrew R. Barnosky
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Although life and liberty were considered as human rights under the 1776 Declaration of Independence, happiness was specified only as a pursuit, and health care received no mention. It would appear, though, that contemporary societal philosophy considers the pursuit of health care in much the same light as the pursuit of happiness: a greatly desired asset that all may pursue equally, but that persistently remains beyond the grasp of a growing number of persons. This evolution of health care as a luxury item, in a freeenterprise democratic society, has created a morally sordid situation that raises the specter of profound class distinction between the insured and the uninsured, the enfranchised and the disenfranchised, the entitled and the deprived, the haves and the have-nots. This process of social cleavage has produced a group of people living in varying degrees of health care comfort and security and a
THE JOURNAL AND THE CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum: Incorporation of the bone marker carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen improves prognostic information of the International Staging System in newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma
Authors: C Jakob, J Sterz, P Liebisch, M Mieth, J Rademacher, A Goerke, U Heider, C Fleissner, M Kaiser, I von Metzler, C Müller, O Sezer
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
The Hospital Corps Quiz Compend.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Choice cuts for patients with AIDS?
Authors: M. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Choice cuts for patients with AIDS?Contracts could be used to improve services for patients with AIDS -but the outlook is bleak Genitourinary medicine clinics have provided the cornerstone of public health strategy to control epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases since the Venereal Disease Regulations of 1916.Although genitourinary medicine has changed dramatically since the 1980s under the impetus of the HIV epidemic, this strategy still depends on providing a free, open access specialist service that guarantees confidentiality.The changes proposed in Working for Patients could threaten the ability of genitourinary medicine clinics both to care for patients with AIDS and to fulfil their public health functions.At first glance genitourinary medicine clinics do not seem to be threatened by the changes.Contractsfor