tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-252 Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in men with chronic constipation: a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Y Yiannakou, M Bouchoucha, I Schiefke, H Piessevaux, R Filip, L Gabalec, D Stephenson, R Kerstens, K Etherson, A Levine
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Prucalopride (PRU) is a high-affinity serotonin receptor (5-HT<sub>4</sub>) agonist approved in Europe for the symptomatic treatment of chronic constipation (CC) in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRU in men with CC. <h3>Method</h3> This was a phase 3, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind trial (NCT01147926). Men aged ≥ 18 years with CC who had ≤ 2 spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBMs)/week were randomised to receive placebo (PLA) or PRU 2 mg (starting dose of 1 mg for patients aged ≥ 65 years) once daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of men achieving a mean of ≥ 3 SCBMs/week over 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints included Patient Assessment of Constipation-Symptoms (PAC-SYM) and Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire scores. Safety was assessed throughout the study. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 374 patients were randomised. More men in the PRU group than in the PLA group (37.9% vs. 17.7%, respectively; <i>p </i>&lt; 0.0001) achieved ≥ 3 SCBMs/week, and more men receiving PRU achieved improvements of ≥ 1 SCBM/week (53.7% vs. 45.3%; <i>p = 0</i>.0743) and ≥ 1 SBM/week (65.5% vs. 43.1%; <i>p </i>&lt; 0.0001). At the final on-treatment assessment, there was no significant difference between the PRU and PLA groups in the proportion of men with a clinically relevant improvement of ≥ 1 point in total PAC-SYM score (34.9% vs. 30.4%, respectively; <i>p = 0</i>.3152) or abdominal (39.1% vs. 35.1%; <i>p = 0</i>.4874) or rectal (34.9% vs. 29.2%; <i>p = 0</i>.2759) subscale scores. However, there was a significant difference in stool symptoms score (53.3% vs. 36.3%; <i>p = 0</i>.0005). The proportion of men with an improvement of ≥ 1 in total PAC-QOL score was higher with PRU (40.2%) than PLA (32.7%; <i>p = 0</i>.0755). PRU had a good safety profile and was well tolerated, consistent with previous studies. The incidences of serious adverse events and ischaemic cardiovascular adverse events were low and similar in both treatment groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Results from this study demonstrate that PRU is effective, has a good safety profile and is well tolerated in men with CC, similar to the findings for women with CC. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> Y. Yiannakou Grant/ Research Support from: Shire, Consultant for: Shire, M. Bouchoucha: None Declared, I. Schiefke: None Declared, H. Piessevaux Conflict with: Shire, R. Filip: None Declared, L. Gabalec: None Declared, D. Stephenson Employee of: Shire, R. Kerstens Employee of: Shire, K. Etherson Conflict with: Shire, A. Levine Employee of: Shire.
Renal vein thrombosis. A roentgenographic diagnosis
Authors: G. P. Wegner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Renal vein thrombosis is not a rare occurrence, and spontaneous recovery occurs more frequently than clinically suspected. The classical clinical picture in the adult and infant is but one aspect of the clinical spectrum of renal vein thrombosis. A morphologic staging is proposed to help clarify the response of the kidney to renal vein occlusion, and to stress the role that collateral venous development plays in determining this response. Since it is a difficult diagnosis to establish clinically, and is histologically similar to membranous glomerulonephritis, the roentgenographic appearance, particularly the angiographic features, of renal vein thrombosis, are emphasized. Correlation of the clinical and roentgenographic findings allows the diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis to be made regardless of the stage of the disease.
Non‐allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: P. W. Hellings, L. Klimek, C. Cingi, I. Agache, C. Akdis, C. Bachert, J. Bousquet, P. Demoly, P. Gevaert, V. Hox, C. Hupin, L. Kalogjera, F. Manole, R. Mösges, J. Mullol, N. B. Muluk, A. Muraro, N. Papadopoulos, R. Pawankar, C. Rondon, M. Rudenko, S. F. Seys, E. Toskala, L. Van Gerven, L. Zhang, N. Zhang, W. J. Fokkens
Journal: Allergy (2017)

This EAACI position paper aims at providing a state-of-the-art overview on nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). A significant number of patients suffering from persistent rhinitis are defined as nonallergic noninfectious rhinitis (NANIR) patients, often denominated in short as having NAR. NAR is defined as a symptomatic inflammation of the nasal mucosa with the presence of a minimum of two nasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and/or itchy nose, without clinical evidence of endonasal infection and without systemic signs of sensitization to inhalant allergens. Symptoms of NAR may have a wide range of severity and be either continuously present and/or induced by exposure to unspecific triggers, also called nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR). NHR represents a clinical feature of both AR and NAR patients. NAR involves different subgroups: drug-induced rhinitis, (nonallergic) occupational rhinitis, hormonal rhinitis (including pregnancy rhinitis), gustatory rhinitis, senile rhinitis, and idiopathic rhinitis (IR). NAR should be distinguished from those rhinitis patients with an allergic reaction confined to the nasal mucosa, also called "entopy" or local allergic rhinitis (LAR). We here provide an overview of the current consensus on phenotypes of NAR, recommendations for diagnosis, a treatment algorithm, and defining the unmet needs in this neglected area of research.
Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Joel M. Gore
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The prevalence of chronic congestive heart failure continues to increase, even after adjusting for the aging of the US population. The increased prevalence is due, in part, to improved survival resulting from medical therapy. Stevenson et al<sup>1</sup>examined the survival rates of 737 consecutive patients referred for heart transplantation who were discharged from the hospital and received medical therapy between January 1,1986, and December 31,1993. The 1-year mortality rate decreased from 33% before 1989 to 16% after 1990 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001).<sup>1</sup>A prospective, randomized trial of the effects of a nurse-directed, multidisciplinary intervention showed improved quality of life and reduced hospital use and medical costs for elderly patients with congestive heart failure during a 1-year follow-up.<sup>2</sup>Pharmacological advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure with α-blockers<sup>3</sup>and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors<sup>4</sup>have reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with this disorder. The cost of thrombolytic therapy
Family medicine
Authors: M. A. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Some of the more important developments in family medicine include new approaches to cancer prevention through aspirin therapy and diet, new information on measles vaccine, better methods to increase compliance in women with abnormal Papanicolaou test results, new understanding of regimens to prevent atherosclerotic disease and its complications, helpful information concerning diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders, and hope for using hormones in symptomatic patients after breast cancer. Health maintenance practices may change as a result of a study showing that aspirin taken at least twice weekly (in variable but low doses) was associated with a one-third reduction (relative risk, 0.68) in colon cancer and a one-half reduction (relative risk, 0.51) in metastatic and fatal colon cancer in more than 50 000 men.<sup>1</sup>While this study does not prove directly that aspirin reduces the risk, it suggests yet one more benefit from a practice already followed by many patients for
Journal Note
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ROENTGENOGRAMS THE PROPERTY OF THE PHYSICIAN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Molecular Biology Of G6PD Variants And Other Red Cell Enzyme Defects
Authors: E Beutler
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1992)

Modern techniques of molecular biology have made it possible to identify mutations in a number of different hereditary red cell enzyme defects. Most of the studies have been performed in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, where a large number of point mutations have been identified. The same mutations are encountered repeatedly, even in patients with defects that were thought, on the basis of biochemical properties of the residual enzyme, to be distinct. A beginning has been made in identifying mutations in a few other red cell enzyme defects.
Abstract 321: Cardiac Function Improvement Following In vivo Intracoronary Adeno-Associated Virus Type 1 Vector Gene Transfer of SERCA2a in a Pre-Clinical Model of Heart Failure
Authors: Hung Q Ly, Yoshiaki Kawase, Fabrice A Prunier, Djamel Lebeche, Yafen Shi, Ryuichi Yoneyama, Kozo Hoshino, Yoshiaki Takewa, Richard Peluso, Krisztina Zsebo, Jean-Claude Tardif, Jean-Francois Tanguay, Roger J Hajjar
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Reduced activity and expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) is known to occur in HF. Method: Our 4-month study examined the effects of SERCA2a gene transfer in a swine volume-overload HF (VO-HF) model. Using Yorkshire-Landrace swine, HF was created by severing mitral apparatus chordae to induce mitral regurgitation. Results: At 2 months (M), a compensated state of VO-HF was found: prolongation of the rate of isovolumic relaxation (Tau), increased left ventricular internal diameter diastolic and systolic diameters (LVIDd, LVIDs). At 2M, intracoronary injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 vector carrying SERCA2a under a cytomegalovirus promoter (AAV1.SERCA2a) (n = 10) vs. saline (n = 6) was performed. At 4M, gene transfer resulted in (A) positive LV inotropic effects: (dP/dt)/P, 15.5 ± 3.0 sec − 1 SERCA2a-group vs. 21.2 ± 3.2 sec − 1 controls; p &lt; 0.01; (B) a favorable trend in LV lusitropic effects: Tau, 0.037 ± 0.019 vs. 0.051 ± 0.01 msec, p = 0.09; (C) improvement in LV geometry: % change in LVIDs, +15 ± 11% controls vs. −3.0 ± 10% SERCA2a-group, p &lt; 0.01. At 4M, BNP levels remained stable in post- SERCA2a gene transfer, in contrast to the progressive rising levels among controls. Further, cardiac SERCA2a expression was significantly decreased in controls whereas it was restored to normal levels in the SERCA2a group (Figure ). Lastly, there was no histopathological evidence of myocardial inflammatory reaction or necrosis. Conclusion: Overexpression of SERCA2a by in vivo AAV1-mediated intracoronary gene transfer preserved systolic function, potentially prevented diastolic dysfunction and improved ventricular remodeling.
Characterization of serologic responses following ALT flares in &gt;3000 CHB patients pooled from 5 clinical trials
Authors: Maurizia Brunetto, Wan-Long Chuang, Patrick Marcellin, Thomas Berg, Hongyuan Wang, Vithika Suri, Lanjia Lin, John F. Flaherty, Anuj Gaggar, Edward Gane, Maria Buti, Kosh Agarwal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Department of Error
Journal: The Lancet (2006)

The drug industry and medical professionalismYour Editorial (Sept 3, p 781) 1 and the Comment by Patrick Vallance (Sept 24, p 1062) 2 raise concerns about the activities of some researchers and clinicians in their relationships with the drug industry.Your Editorial draws attention to the fine line trodden by medical researchers who decide to be consultants to investment firms and analysts.You state that these consultants "must at the very least disclose their consultancies to their institution and sponsors of their research".Vallance criticises the use of "ghost writers" and proposes means to expose the status of "opinion leaders".These issues are clearly of relevance to 28 www.thelancet.comVol 367 January 7, 2006Receipt of office gifts or practice equipment from the following companies:Receipt of patient education or information materials from the following companies relating to the following drugs
Effects of Mammography Screening Under Different Screening Schedules: Model Estimates of Potential Benefits and Harms
Authors: Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Despite trials of mammography and widespread use, optimal screening policy is controversial. Objective: To evaluate U.S. breast cancer screening strategies. Design: 6 models using common data elements. Data Sources: National data on age-specific incidence, competing mortality, mammography characteristics, and treatment effects. Target Population: A contemporary population cohort. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: 20 screening strategies with varying initiation and cessation ages applied annually or biennially. Outcome Measures: Number of mammograms, reduction in deaths from breast cancer or life-years gained (vs. no screening), false-positive results, unnecessary biopsies, and overdiagnosis. Results of Base-Case Analysis: The 6 models produced consistent rankings of screening strategies. Screening biennially maintained an average of 81% (range across strategies and models, 67% to 99%) of the benefit of annual screening with almost half the number of false-positive results. Screening biennially from ages 50 to 69 years achieved a median 16.5% (range, 15% to 23%) reduction in breast cancer deaths versus no screening. Initiating biennial screening at age 40 years (vs. 50 years) reduced mortality by an additional 3% (range, 1% to 6%), consumed more resources, and yielded more false-positive results. Biennial screening after age 69 years yielded some additional mortality reduction in all models, but overdiagnosis increased most substantially at older ages. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Varying test sensitivity or treatment patterns did not change conclusions. Limitation: Results do not include morbidity from false-positive results, patient knowledge of earlier diagnosis, or unnecessary treatment. Conclusion: Biennial screening achieves most of the benefit of annual screening with less harm. Decisions about the best strategy depend on program and individual objectives and the weight placed on benefits, harms, and resource considerations. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute.
Software
Authors: Nadine Bazilinski
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Afghanistan, January 2017–May 2018
Authors: Maureen Martinez, Hemant Shukla, Meiland Ahmadi, Joanna Inulin, Mufti Sabari Widodo, Jamal Ahmed, Chukwuma Mbaeyi, Jaime Jabra, Derek Gerhardt
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria remain the only countries where transmission of endemic wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) continues (1). This report describes polio eradication activities, progress, and challenges to eradication in Afghanistan during January 2017-May 2018 and updates previous reports (2, 3). Fourteen WPV1 cases were confirmed in Afghanistan in 2017, compared with 13 in 2016; during January-May 2018, eight WPV1 cases were reported, twice the number reported during January-May 2017. To supplement surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and laboratory testing of stool samples, environmental surveillance (testing of sewage samples) was initiated in 2013 and includes 20 sites, 15 of which have detected WPV1 circulation. The number of polio-affected districts increased from six in 2016 to 14 in 2017 (including WPV1 cases and positive environmental samples). Access to children for supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) (mass campaigns targeting children aged <5 years with oral poliovirus vaccine [OPV], regardless of vaccination history), which improved during 2016 to early 2018, worsened in May 2018 in security-challenged areas of the southern and eastern regions. To achieve WPV1 eradication, measures to maintain and regain access for SIAs in security-challenged areas, strengthen oversight of SIAs in accessible areas to reduce the number of missed children, and coordinate with authorities in Pakistan to track and vaccinate mobile populations at high risk in their shared transit corridors must continue.
Public Health Response to Varicella Outbreaks—United States, 2003-2004
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Since introduction of varicella vaccine in 1995, incidence of varicella has decreased as vaccination coverage has increased. Nevertheless, varicella outbreaks continue to occur, even among populations with high vaccination coverage. Although varicella typically is mild, the outbreaks can last for several months and be challenging and costly for health departments to control. In 2005, CDC conducted a national survey to determine the distribution and extent of reported varicella outbreaks during 2003-2004 and the public health response. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicated that varicella outbreaks are still common and that health jurisdictions are responding to these outbreaks, although they have varying definitions and guidelines for varicella-outbreak management.
Proceedings of the Second Clinical ACTH Conference. Vol. I: Research. Vol. II: Therapeutics
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanisms of WNK1 and WNK4 interaction in the regulation of thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransport
Authors: Chao-Ling Yang, Xiaoman Zhu, Zhaohong Wang, Arohan R. Subramanya, David H. Ellison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases are highly expressed along the mammalian distal nephron.Mutations in either WNK1 or WNK4 cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), suggesting that the protein products converge on a final common pathway.We showed previously that WNK4 downregulates thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) activity, an effect suppressed by WNK1.Here we investigated the mechanisms by which WNK1 and WNK4 interact to regulate ion transport.We report that WNK1 suppresses the WNK4 effect on NCC activity and associates with WNK4 in a protein complex involving the kinase domains.Although a kinase-dead WNK1 also associates with WNK4, it fails to suppress WNK4-mediated NCC inhibition; the WNK1 kinase domain alone, however, is not sufficient to block the WNK4 effect.The carboxyterminal 222 amino acids of WNK4 are sufficient to inhibit NCC, but this fragment is not blocked by WNK1.Instead, WNK1 inhibition requires an intact WNK4 kinase domain, the region that binds to WNK1.In summary, these data show that: (a) the WNK4 carboxyl terminus mediates NCC suppression, (b) the WNK1 kinase domain interacts with the WNK4 kinase domain, and (c) WNK1 inhibition of WNK4 is dependent on WNK1 catalytic activity and an intact WNK1 protein.These findings provide insight into the complex interrelationships between WNK1 and WNK4 and provide a molecular basis for FHHt.