tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: H. B. Alcock
Journal: BMJ (1942)

<h3>Background</h3> Healthcare costs attributable to obesity have previously involved estimations based on costs of diseases commonly considered as having obesity as an underlying factor. <h3>Aim</h3> To quantify the impact of obesity on total primary care drug prescribing. <h3>Design of study</h3> Review of computer generated and handwritten prescriptions to determine total prescribing volume for all drug classes. <h3>Setting</h3> Twenty-three general practice surgeries in the UK. <h3>Method</h3> Stratified random selection of 1150 patients who were obese (body mass index [BMI]&gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and 1150 age- and sex-matched controls of normal weight (BMI 18.5–&lt;25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). Retrospective review of medical records over an 18-month period. <h3>Results</h3> A higher percentage of patients who were obese, compared with those of normal weight, were prescribed at least one drug in the following disease categories: cardiovascular (36% versus 20%), central nervous system (46% versus 35%), endocrine (26% versus 18%), and musculoskeletal and joint disease (30% versus 22%). All of these categories had a <i>P</i>-value of &lt;0.001. Other categories, such as gastrointestinal (24% versus 18%), infections (42% versus 35%), skin (24% versus 19%) had a <i>P</i>-value of &lt;0.01, while respiratory diseases (18% versus 21%) had a <i>P</i>-value of &lt;0.05. Total prescribing volume was significantly higher for the group with obesity and was increased in the region of two- to fourfold in a wide range of prescribing categories: ulcer healing drugs, lipid regulators, β-adrenoreceptor drugs, drugs affecting the rennin angiotensin system, calcium channel blockers, antibacterial drugs, sulphonylureas, biguanides, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001) and fibrates, angiotensin II antagonists, and thyroid drugs (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05). The main impact on prescribing volumes is from numbers of patients treated, although in some areas there is an effect from greater dosage or longer treatment in those who are obese including calcium channel blockers, antihistamines, hypnotics, drugs used in the treatment of nausea and vertigo, biguanides, and NSAIDs (<i>P</i>&lt;0.05) reflected in significantly increased defined daily dose prescribing. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This large study of contemporary practice indicates that obesity more than doubled prescribing in most drug categories.
Biological Activity of Tobacco Smoke and Tobacco Smoke-Related Chemicals
Authors: Richard E. Kouri, Thomas H. Rude, Rodger D. Curren, Karen R. Brandt, Ronald G. Sosnowski, Leonard M. Schechtman, William F. Benedict, Carol J. Henry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Exposure to whole cigarette smoke from reference cigarettes results in the prompt (peak activity is 6 hrs), but fairly weak (similar to 2 fold), induction of murine pulmonary microsomal monooxygenase activity. This activity can be detected by using as substrates either benzo(a)pyrene or ethoxyresorufin, and can be inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Unlike the induction of pulmonary monooxygenases following intratracheal administration of 3-methylcholanthrene, these cigarette smoke-induced increases were not unequivocally linked to the Ah locus. Whole smoke condensate and fractions derived from these condensates can; a) induce pulmonary monooxygenase activity, b) inhibit benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro, c) be metabolized to forms mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA153, or TA98, d) transform C3H 10T1/2 cells in vitro, and e) enhance the carcinogenicity of benzo(a)pyrene in murine pulmonary tissue. A potentially important observation is that whereas hepatic tissue is capable of activating whole cigarette smoke condensate to mutagenic forms in vitro, murine pulmonary tissue does not seem capable of such activation. Although these pulmonary-derived tissue homogenates have significant AHH activity and can metabolize Aflatoxin B1, 2-aminofluorene and 7, 8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene to mutagenic forms, these homogenates fail to activate both cigarette smoke condensate and the pro-mutagen, 6-aminochrysene. These results are discussed with reference to the concept that whole cigarette smoke may be both a potential "initiator" and "promotor" of lung cancer in mice, and that this latter property may be the most important in determining cancer risk.
Oncology Research Program
Authors: Margaret Von Mehren
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The goal of the Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) is to provide readers with more information on the ORP, including studies currently accruing patients.For more information on specific trials, including patient selection criteria, please use the contact information listed with each study.For more information on the NCCN ORP, including a complete detailing of the clinical studies currently underway at NCCN Member Institutions, please access the NCCN ORP pages at NCCN.org/clinical_trials/ clinicians.asp. Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research ProgramThe NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) strives to improve the quality of life for patients and reduce cancer-related deaths by advancing cancer therapies through research.Since the program's establishment in 1999, the NCCN ORP has brought millions of dollars in research grants to investigators at NCCN Member Institutions.Research grants are provided to NCCN through collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; these grants are in turn used to support scientifically meritorious cancer research efforts.NCCN ORP studies typically explore new avenues of clinical investigation and seek answers to important cancer-related questions.
For Some Injuries, It's All in the Name
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P298 Tiotropium/olodaterol therapy provides symptomatic benefits irrespective of prior maintenance treatment: post hoc analyses of the otemto® studies
Journal: Thorax (2016)

AbstractR Abrahams reports grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study and, outside of this work, grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and grants from AstraZeneca and Pearl Therapeutics.GT Ferguson, during the conduct of the study, reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim and, outside the submitted work, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, grants and personal fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pearl Therapeutics and Sunovion, and grants from Forest.L Bjermer reports no conflicts of interest.L Grönke and F Voß are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.D Singh reports other financial activities from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study and, outside of the submitted work, grants and personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, NAPP, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda, Teva, Theravance and Verona, and personal fees from Genentech and SkyePharma.
Folate sufficient subjects do not accumulate additional folates during supplementation
Authors: C.R. Santhosh‐Kumar, James S. Bisping, Steven D. Kick, John C. Deutsch, J. Fred Kolhouse
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

In a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of folic acid supplementation in 82 alcoholic subjects, it was found that whole blood folate levels, determined by a mass spectrometric method, do not increase in subjects whose baseline folate levels are above the third quartile (folate sufficiency). Since a state of folate sufficiency can now be identified, a recommended daily allowance (RDA) for folate can be determined using objective means. Am. J. Hematol. 64:71–72, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Ledger of Tobacco Control
Authors: Patrick O'Malley
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Three points should be kept in mind by antismoking advocates, especially if they desire some credibility in the eyes of a skeptical public who are not nearly as committed to the current crusade against the tobacco industry.<sup>1</sup> First, whether addictive or not in the long-term, cigarettes are not instantly addictive. It takes considerable smoking before addiction occurs. There must be a reason for it, the reason is pleasure, and that pleasure does not cease with addiction. Second, since cigarettes have been called "coffin nails" for nearly a century,<sup>2</sup>those who started smoking after then cannot seriously claim not to have known smoking was unhealthy. And anyone who did start smoking before then and is still alive would be hard pressed to claim to have lost years of potential life because of smoking. Third, it is hypocritical to sue tobacco companies for medical costs of treating those whose lives
Those d..... elusive food-websFood Web at the Landscape Levels edited by Gary A. Polis, Mary E. Power and Gary R. Huxel. The University of Chicago Press, 2004. US$dollar;95.00/$dollar;36.00 hbk/pbk (530 pages) ISBN 0 226 67325 1/0 226 67327 8
Authors: R KITCHING
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2004)
THE RATHBONE BILL ON SERUMS AND VACCINES
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Prospective Analysis of the Immunogenicity of Cryopreserved Nonvalved Allografts Used in Pediatric Heart Surgery
Authors: J P Breinholt, J A Hawkins, L M Lambert, T C Fuller, T Profaizer, R E Shaddy
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the immunogenicity of nonvalved allograft tissue used to repair congenital heart defects.We prospectively analyzed the immune response of 11 children, 1.4 months to 10 years of age, who required nonvalved allografts to alleviate stenosis during repair of congenital heart defects. In 7 patients, pulmonary arterial grafts were used; in 3 patients, monocusp pulmonary artery grafts were used; and in 1 patient, a section of glutaraldehyde-preserved allograft pericardium was used. We measured the level of HLA panel-reactive antibody (PRA) before surgery, 1 week after, 1 month after, and 3 months after surgery. PRA was determined by the antiglobulin technique and flow cytometry. HLA class I and class II antibodies measured by either technique were negligible before and 1 week after surgery. Nine of 11 patients (82%) exhibited a significant immune response at 1 month after surgery that further increased at 3 months. The measured PRA for class I antibodies with the antiglobulin technique increased to 43+/-36% at 1 month and to 69+/-38% at 3 months after surgery. Flow cytometry class I PRA measurements were similar. Class II PRA increased to 26+/-34% at 1 month and to 41+/-36% at 3 months. Age negatively correlated with the degree of elevation of PRA, but neither allograft area nor the area indexed to patient body surface area correlated with PRA.Cryopreserved nonvalved allografts induce a strong HLA antibody response in the majority of children.
Resurgence of Pertussis—United States, 1993
Journal: JAMA (1994)

From January 3 through December 4, 1993 (weeks 1-48), 5457 pertussis cases were reported to CDC--an 82% increase over the number reported during the same period in 1992 (3004) and the highest annual number of cases reported since 1967 (Figure 1). Compared with 1992, the number of reported pertussis cases increased in 35 states, especially those in the New England, middle-Atlantic, North Central, and Mountain regions (Figure 2). During 1993, large outbreaks have occurred in Chicago and Cincinnati. This report summarizes epidemiologic characteristics of pertussis cases reported through December 4, 1993.
Semen Quality and Reproductive Health of Young Czech Men Exposed to Seasonal Air Pollution
Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Libor Borkovec, Valerie L. Slott, Zdena Zudova, Jiri Rubes, Donald P. Evenson, Sally D. Perreault
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This study of male reproductive health in the Czech Republic resulted from community concern about potential adverse effects of air pollution. We compared young men (18 years of age) living in Teplice, a highly industrialized district with seasonally elevated levels of air pollution, to those from Prachatice, a rural district with relatively clean air. Surveys were scheduled for either late winter, after the season of higher air pollution, or at the end of summer, when pollution was low. Participation included a physical examination, donation of a semen sample, and completion of a questionnaire on health, personal habits, and exposure to solvents and metals through work or hobby. Analysis of data from 408 volunteers showed that the men from Teplice and Prachatice were similar in physical characteristics, personal habits, and work- or hobby-related exposures. Sixty-six percent (272) of these men donated a single semen sample for routine semen analysis, computer-aided sperm motion analysis, and sperm chromatin structure assay. The mean (median) sperm concentration and sperm count were 61. 2 (44.0) million/mL semen and 113.3 (81.5) million, respectively, and were not associated with district of residence or period of elevated air pollution. However, periods of elevated air pollution in Teplice were significantly associated with decrements in other semen measures including proportionately fewer motile sperm, proportionately fewer sperm with normal morphology or normal head shape, and proportionately more sperm with abnormal chromatin. These results suggest that young men may experience alterations in sperm quality after exposure to periods of elevated air pollution, without changes in sperm numbers.
Rethinking Somatization
Authors: Daniel J. Wallace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Rethinking SomatizationDaniel J. Wallace, MDDaniel J. Wallace, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed McWhinney and colleagues' article on rethinking somatization [1]. The authors allude to the inadequacy of classifying such syndromes as fibromyalgia, the chronic fatigue syndrome, and functional bowel disorders as undifferentiated somatoform disorders in the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).Recent advances in our understanding of pain mechanisms should lead to reclassifying these conditions as disorders characterized by chronic pain amplification. Yunus [2] has proposed labeling the overlapping symptoms and signs of fibromyalgia, the chronic fatigue syndrome, functional bowel disorders, irritable bladder, and tension headache as components of a dysfunctional spectrum ...References1. McWhinney IR, Epstein RM, Freeman TR. Rethinking somatization. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:747-50. Google Scholar2. Yunus MB. Fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical features and spectrum. J Musculoskel Pain. 1994; 2:5-21. Google Scholar3. Wallace D. The fibromyalgia syndrome. Ann Med. 1997; 29:9-21. Google Scholar4. Russell IJ, Orr MD, Littman B, Vipraio GA, Alboukrek D, Michalek JE, et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1994; 37:1593-601. Google Scholar5. Mayer EA. Clinical implications of visceral hyperalgesia. Contemp Intern Med. 1994; 6:42-54. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel J. Wallace, MDAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1132KeywordsChronic fatigue syndromeDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth editionFibromyalgiaIschemiaMedical conditionsPerceptionPsychiatry and mental healthPsychologySerotoninSigns and symptoms ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Preventing suicide
Authors: M. Stevens, S. Zubrick, S. Silbum
Journal: BMJ (1995)

modest alkalosis causing vasoconstriction (pH about 7 4-7 5) this difference increased to 0 53 kPa (unpublished observations).Forster et al have found unsatisfactory correlation between arterial and arterialised venous samples for partial pressure of oxygen.4Capillary or venous sampling to estimate arterial blood gas pressure has been used for many years,24 and several other indirect methods have also been used.'Whilesome results have been encouraging, the conclusion that such methods should become routine is probably still premature.If knowledge of the arterial blood gas pressures is important in determining management in potentially life threatening conditions then the arterial blood gas pressures should be measured.
PLATELET ANTIBODIES AND PURPURA
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serratia marcescens endocarditis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Infective endocarditis (IE) secondary to Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus species comprises the majority of cases in literature with Gram negative bacterial insults occurring infrequently.Serratia marcescens is a Gram negative bacillus which is classified as motile, non-lactose fermenting, and a facultative anerobe.The presumed risk factor for the development of S. marcescens IE is intravenous drug use (IVDU).We report two cases of IE causes by S. marcescens: first case describes IE of tricuspid and aortic valve requiring surgical intervention further complicated by epidural abscess.The second case was associated with renal and splenic infarct.These cases highlight the severity and complicated nature of S. marcescens IE.Given S. marcescens IE has been infrequently described in the literature, we believe that our cases are worth reporting to contribute to the present incidence and management of S. marcescens IE.
The Biochemistry of Gastric Acid Secretion.
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of depression in the 1980s
Authors: M. S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1981)

DEPRESSION is the most common of psychiatric symptoms and occurs in many psychiatric illnesses. Major depressive disorder can be distinguished by sleep and appetite disturbances and other "hypothalamic" signs and symptoms.<sup>1-4</sup>Major depression can be subdivided into unipolar and bipolar depressive illness on the basis of a history of mania in bipolar illness (Fig 1), and into primary and secondary depression.<sup>1-4</sup>Secondary depression and minor depressive illness occur in medical illness and in nonaffective psychiatric illness such as obsessive-compulsive neurosis, personality disorders, schizophrenia, drug and alcohol dependence, and sexual dysfunction, respectively. These categories (Fig 1) have been helpful in improving diagnostic reliability between psychiatrists and reducing heterogeneity in diagnostic groups. They improve understanding of pathophysiology and facilitate prediction of treatment response and prognosis. Biologic tests have been developed that can support a clinical impression or diagnosis. A number of important biochemical subgroups of unipolar major depression can be