tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 mutation site may associate with nuclear DNA content in BRCA1-associated ovarian carcinomas
Authors: M. Aghmesheh, M. Friedlander, P. J. Russell, L. Edwards, J.-L. Yang, K. Kconfab, J. M. Nesland, H. Danielson, J. Kaern, K. M. Tucker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5040 Background:In vitro studies suggest that BRCA1 has a role in maintaining normal nuclear DNA content during cell division and that BRCA1 inactivation may result in DNA aneuploidy and cancer progression. BRCA1-linked breast cancers are more aneuploid and have a worse prognosis compared with sporadic ones. To date, there have been no published reports comparing the DNA content of BRCA1-linked ovarian cancers with sporadic cases. In this study, we investigated the potential association between BRCA1 mutations and DNA aneuploidy in BRCA1-linked ovarian cancers, and compared DNA content in BRCA1-linked tumors with matched sporadic ovarian cancers. Methods: Tumor blocks from 21 BRCA1-associated ovarian cancers were matched with 21 sporadic ovarian carcinomas for histologic subtype, patient age, stage and grade (potential factors which may influence tumor cell DNA content). Nuclei DNA content was measured by Feulgen-Schiff staining and image cytometry. Results: Out of 18 informative BRCA1-linked tumors, 6/6 (100%) with a stop codon between 1–500 aa of the BRCA1 protein had a significantly higher frequency of non-diploidy compared with those with stop codon above 500 aa (7/12, 58%)(p=0.033). A diploid peak was detected in 28% of BRCA1-associated and 33% of sporadic ovarian cancers. No significant difference between the two study groups with respect to their DNA content was observed. Conclusions: BRCA1-associated ovarian tumors with a stop codon closer to the N-terminus of the BRCA1 protein may have a higher risk of DNA aneuploidy. Although it is tempting to postulate that BRCA1 mutations resulting in a stop codon prior to 500 aa may have a worse prognosis, this needs to be formally tested in a larger, prospectively-collected population. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Neonatal herpes: how can it be prevented?
Authors: N. J. Binkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Neonatal herpes is a disease with serious consequences. Even with vidarabine therapy, more than one third of affected infants will die and another one fourth will have some degree of neurological sequelae.<sup>1</sup>Neonatal herpes can be caused by either type 1 or type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV) and may be acquired during delivery or postnatally. A majority of cases, however, are caused by HSV-2 and are acquired during delivery through contact with an infected genital tract. Women with primary infection are at higher risk of transmitting the virus to their offspring during delivery than those with recurrent infection.<sup>2,3</sup> Genital HSV infections seem to be increasing among the adult population in the United States. No national data exist on incidence or prevalence. However, a recent study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, reported a rise in incidence from 12.5 per 100,000 persons in 1965 to 1969 to 82.3 per 100,000
Lymphatic Circulation of Limb After Ligation of Main Collectors
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urinary Metallothionein as an Indicator of Cadmium Body Burden and of Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Zahir A. Shaikh, Chiharu Tohyama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

There is a need to identify specific biological indicator(s) of cadmium exposure so that the renal damage can be prevented. Towards this end, we have examined the usefulness of urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden. It is found that, in both animals and humans, urinary metallothionein level is related to the hepatic and renal cadmium burdens. Significant correlations are also found between the urinary metallothionein and urinary cadmium and beta 2-microglobulin. Furthermore, it is noted that cadmium-exposed individuals with renal dysfunction excrete significantly more metallothionein than those with normal renal function. Thus it appears that there is merit to include metallothionein among the clinical parameters monitored in cadmium-exposed individuals. More tests are needed to define a critical concentration of metallothionein in urine which is related to the onset of renal dysfunction.
Fiction
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Need Stressed for TB Unit in General Hospital
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"MICROBE HUNTERS"
Authors: Aldo Castellani
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Oct. 16, 1926, appeared an attack on the accuracy of two chapters of my book "Microbe Hunters." This attack was signed by Castellani, Low, Nabarro and Ross. It is not my intention to stir up again the notorious quarrel that raged in the early nineteen hundreds between Ross and Grassi as to which of them first demonstrated the mosquito transmission of human malaria. Nor is it necessary to repeat the copious proofs, confirmed officially by the Royal Society, that David Bruce, and not Castellani, was the real discoverer of the cause of the African sleeping sickness. But, since Castellani, Low, Nabarro and Ross have made certain misstatements concerning the basis for chapters IX and X of "Microbe Hunters," I am pleased to correct their misapprehensions by giving the sources consulted in the preparation of these chapters. For chapter IX the following works were studied:
Hearing Loss
Authors: J B Nadol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Hearing loss of a degree sufficient to interfere with social and job-related communication is among the most common chronic neural impairments in the U.S. population. On the basis of health-interview data,1 it is estimated that approximately 4 percent of people under 45 years of age and 29 percent of those 65 years or over have a handicapping loss of hearing. A similar survey in Great Britain2 found that approximately 25 percent of the population questioned had some hearing difficulty, and audiometric evaluation of a portion of that population found that 20 percent had a hearing impairment exceeding 25 dB HL . . .
Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Authors: Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> This annual report on graduate medical education in the United States for the 1988-1989 academic year contains data on the number of programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), by specialty and by region, and provides information on some characteristics of the persons in these programs. In 1988, the ACGME began to accredit, through the Residency Review Committees, programs in geriatrics, child neurology, and immunopathology. Recently, the special requirements for programs in critical care were approved. Review and accreditation of programs in critical care, hand surgery, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic sports medicine, and pediatric orthopedics have begun. <h3>Resident and Related Terms</h3> In the medical education community, the terms<i>intern, resident</i>, and<i>fellow</i>are used with widely different meanings. Variation in the use of these terms occurs from specialty to specialty, from institution to institution, and even from department to department within the same institution. At times,
In vitro functional analysis of <i>HER2</i> variants in lung cancers to evaluate their oncogenic activity and predict response to HER2-targeted therapy.
Authors: Dazhi Liu, Michael David Offin, Zachary T. Olah, Gabi Tarcic, Ori Zelichov, Michael Vidne, Alexander E. Drilon, Maria E. Arcila, Bob T. Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e24316 Background: HER2 variants are implicated as oncogenic drivers and have been observed in multiple cancer types. However, not all HER2 variants found on next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been studied, raising the question if these variants of unknown significance (VUS) are oncogenic and potentially actionable. This study aims to explore the use of an in-vitro functional analysis of HER2 variants reported by NGS in patients (pts) with lung cancers, and its predictive value for response to HER2-targeted therapy. Methods: Pts with lung cancers at Memorial Sloan Kettering identified to have a HER2 variant by NGS are eligible. NGS data on HER2 variants were analyzed and functional activity was determined via the NovellusDx FACT platform. Mutations were synthesized and transfected into HeLa cells with a fluorescently tagged signaling pathway reporter (NFKB and MAPK). Pathway activation was determined using fluorescent microscopy to quantify translocation of reporters from the cytoplasm to nucleus, inferring gain of function of the HER2 variant. Results: Twenty-seven unique HER2 variants from 46 patients were analyzed. Known activating HER2 mutations analyzed included exon 20 insertions (A775_G776insYVMA, G778_P780insGSP) and point mutations (V659E, S310F), showed an in vitro gain of function (GoF). HER2 VUS analyzed included D326H, D277Y, ERBB2-SHC1 fusion and V272G showed increased oncogenic activity. In addition, exon 16 and exon 8 deletions showed GoF while exon 27 del showed no functional activity. Of those novel variants, two patients (D277Y, SHC1 fusion) received ado-trastuzumab emtansine and one patient (EXON 16 DEL) received afatinib. No response was seen in the patient treated with afatinib and objective responses to ado-trastuzumab emtansine were seen in a patient carrying both D277Y and S310F mutations. Conclusions: In vitro functional analysis of HER2 variants based on clinical NGS reports is feasible and has the potential to identify novel actionable oncogenic drivers from VUS that may respond to HER-2 target therapy.
William Murrell (1853-1912), clinical pharmacologist and toxicologist
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 186: Reduction Of High density lipoprotein Cholesterol After Successfull Dietary Intervention Is Not Accompanied By A Change In Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Authors: Rudolf Poledne
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Substitution of dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat and the reduction of dietary cholesterol intake leads to a decrease of LDL cholesterol concentration accompanied usually by a decrease of HDL cholesterol. Method: 18 young male volunteers were fed for 4 weeks either a high cholesterol saturated fat diet or low cholesterol and unsaturated fat diet in crossover design. At the end of both experimental periods, the lipoprotein concentration was determined. In addition, the reverse cholesterol transport from 14 C cholesterol labeled macrophages in tissue cultures was analyzed. Reverse cholesterol transport was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from pre-labeled cells to incubation media with serum of each individuals. Results: Highly significant decrease of LDL cholesterol after the unsaturated fat diet was accompanied by a significant decrease of the HDL cholesterol from 1.25 mmol/l to 1.05 mmol/l. Reverse cholesterol transport did not significantly change when the data of high cholesterol saturated fat diet (9.97 ± 1.45) and low cholesterol unsaturated fat diet (9.53 ± 1.41) were compared. There was no correlation between data of the decrease of HDL cholesterol concentration and change in reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: We conclude that dietary treatment by hypocholesterolemic diet accompanied by a reduction of HDL cholesterol does not lead to the decrease in reverse cholesterol transport.
Transarterial oily chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: L Mondazzi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

A total of 84 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate prognostic factors. All patients received transarterial oily chemoembolization as the only anticancer therapy. The follow-up range was 1 to 39 mo (median, 9.5 mo). The overall actuarial survival rates at 12, 24 and 30 mo were 62%, 31% and 24%, respectively. According to univariate analysis, variables significantly associated with survival were age, Child-Pugh grade, total serum bilirubin, Okuda stage, tumor size, degree of labeling of the tumor with Lipiodol, gelatin foam use, changes with treatment in tumor size and changes with treatment in α-fetoprotein concentration. Two multivariate analyses were performed. When pretreatment and treatment variables were considered, parameters with independent prognostic value were age, Child-Pugh grade, total serum bilirubin, tumor size and degree of Lipiodol labeling of the tumor. When follow-up variables were also considered, we (a) confirmed the prognostic significance of all these parameters (age, Child-Pugh grade, total serum bilirubin, tumor size) and (b) found the independent prognostic value of the change in tumor size (or change in α-fetoprotein concentration). Both models yielded different risk coefficients for each class of each variable. Two simple prognostic indexes, based on these coefficients, are proposed: an “initial” index (including pretreatment and treatment variables) and a “follow-up” index (also including follow-up variables). According to the two indexes, the patients were classified into three groups with different prognoses: good (93% and 100% actuarial survival at 1 yr for the initial and follow-up indexes, respectively), intermediate (65% and 53%, respectively) and poor (27% for both indexes). (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1115–1123.)
Nutrition posters 313-320
Authors: S Parry, J Barton, M Welfare, I Mohammed, L Cherkas, S Riley, T Spector, N Trudgill, S Lal, J Mclaughlin, G Giampaolo, G Dockray, A Varro, D Thompson, J Jones, D Kendall, P Millns, C Hawkey, S Dunlop, D Jenkins, R Spiller, L Gregory, L Yaguez, S Coen, E Amaro, S Smale, A Hobson, S Williams, Q Aziz, V Chudleigh, E Brennan, S Tarry, S Myers, S Lewis, G Smith, K Palmer
Journal: Gut (2002)

Introduction: Previous studies, many uncontrolled, suggest 4 to 32% of people develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after ID.Little information is available on the development of other FGIDs after ID.Aim: To determine if patients with stool culture confirmed bacterial diarrhoea were more likely to develop gut symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea at 3 and 6 month follow up compared with community controls.Methods: A prospective community-based case-control study over one year.Subjects with stool positive bacterial infectious diarrhoea and control subjects from the same primary care practice were invited to participate.The presence or not of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea was diagnosed at the start and at follow up using self-complete Rome II modular questionnaires.The diagnosis of a baseline FGID excluded subjects from continuing.There were 128 cases and 219 community controls eligible and who consented to participate.Results: At follow up there was a higher incidence of FGIDs in the cases compared with controls, mainly due to a higher incidence of IBS (see table ).There was no difference in the incidence of functional dyspepsia between cases and controls.Conclusions: IBS and functional diarrhoea is diagnosed more frequently in people at three and six-month follow up after an episode of stool positive bacterial diarrhoea compared with community controls despite careful exclusion of people with pre-existing FGIDS and adds further support for the concept of post-infectious IBS.
ENDOSCOPIC DESTRUCTION OF A LARGE INTRAJEJUNAL BILIARY STONE USING THE POLYPECTOMY SNARE AND HIGH AUTOCUT MODE
Authors: J Rivory, F Rostain, JC Saurin, T Ponchon, A Lupu, M Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

Biliary stones are usually found in the gallbladder or in the biliary ducts and are sometimes challenging to destroyed with mechanical, electrohydraulic or laser lithotripsy. Collection of gallstones in the jejunal limb after duodenopancreatectomy was rarely reported in the literature.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex — Genetics and Biology
Authors: Fritz H. Bach, Jon J. van Rood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

MHC Control of In Vivo Allograft PhenomenaThe over-riding importance of MHC compatibility for the avoidance of graft-versus-host reactions and for the survival of transplanted organs has been clearly demonstrated. The situation in man is unequivocally proved by kidney transplantations between siblings who have inherited the same HLA haplotypes showing more than 90 per cent long-term survival in the presence of immunosuppressive drugs.40,52 HLA SD antigenic identity in unrelated donor-recipient pairs improves graft survival to a much lesser extent than would be expected in view of the sibling data if the SD antigens were the only . . .
Therapeutic management of small cell lung cancer. Fewer toxic reactions with lower chemotherapeutic drug dosages
Authors: A. Kessinger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A treatment protocol for small cell lung cancer used attenuated drug dosages in an attempt to reduce toxic reactions without compromising effectiveness. Treatment consisted of cyclophosphamide, 50 mg orally daily, methotrexate, 1.25 mg orally daily, procarbazine hydrochloride, 50 mg orally daily, and vincristine sulfate, 10 μg/kg intravenously weekly, and was continued until relapse or for two years. Patients with limited disease were given concurrent radiation (4,000 to 5,000 rad, using standard fractionation) to the primary lesion and draining nodes. Fifty patients were evaluable for toxic reactions and survival: 22 with limited and 28 with extensive disease. Fifty-four percent of the patients with extensive disease responded; one (4%) had a complete response. Median survival of the patients with extensive disease was 20 weeks. Ninety-five percent of the patients with limited disease responded; 57% had a complete response. Median survival of these patients was 55 weeks; one-year survival was 59%, and 18-month survival was 36%. Three patients have discontinued therapy without relapse for 48, 22, and seven months. One patient remains disease free after undergoing therapy for 84 weeks. There were no treatment-related deaths, and only 4% of patients experienced WBC count nadirs of less than 1,000/cu mm. Patients with limited disease had long-term survivals comparable with those of other more toxic protocols. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:3188-3191)