tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clean Catheterization
Authors: D. L. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

ABSTRACT. Lipoxins (LX) are eicosanoids with antiinflammatory activity in glomerulonephritis (GN) and inflammatory diseases, hypersensitivity, and ischemia reperfusion injury. It has been demonstrated that LXA<sub>4</sub> stimulates non-phlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) by monocyte-derived macrophages (Mφ) <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting a role for LX as endogenous pro-resolution lipid mediators. It is here reported that LXA<sub>4</sub>, LXB<sub>4</sub>, the aspirin-triggered LX (ATL) epimer, 15-epi-LXB<sub>4</sub>, and a stable synthetic analogue 15(<i>R/S</i>)-methyl-LXA<sub>4</sub> stimulate phagocytosis of exogenously administered excess apoptotic PMN by macrophages (Mφ) <i>in vivo</i> in a classic model of acute inflammation, namely thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. Significant enhancement of phagocytosis <i>in vivo</i> was observed with 15-min exposure to LX and with intraperitoneal doses of LXA<sub>4</sub>, LXB<sub>4</sub>, 15(<i>R/S</i>)-methyl-LXA<sub>4</sub>, and 15-epi-LXB<sub>4</sub> of 2.5 to 10 μg/kg. Non-phlogistic LX-stimulated phagocytosis by Mφ was sensitive to inhibition of PKC and PI 3-kinase and associated with increased production of transforming growth factor–β<sub>1</sub> (TGF-β<sub>1</sub>). LX-stimulated phagocytosis was not inhibited by phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) antisera and was abolished by prior exposure of Mφ to β1,3-glucan, suggesting a novel Mφ-PMN recognition mechanism. Interestingly, the recently described peptide agonists of the LXA<sub>4</sub> receptor (MYFINITL and LESIFRSLLFRVM) stimulated phagocytosis through a process associated with increased TGF-β<sub>1</sub> release. These data provide the first demonstration that LXA<sub>4</sub>, LXB<sub>4</sub>, ATL, and LX stable analogues rapidly promote Mφ phagocytosis of PMN <i>in vivo</i> and support a role for LX as rapidly acting, pro-resolution signals in inflammation. Engagement of the LXR by LX generated during cell-cell interactions in inflammation and by endogenous LXR peptide agonists released from distressed cells may be an important stimulus for clearance of apoptotic cells and may be amenable to pharmacologic mimicry for therapeutic gain.E-mail: cgodson@mater.ie
Problems of retinoblastoma.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

bination of concentrate together with vitamin Ki was more effective than vitamin K, in managing cerebral haemorrhage resulting from anticoagulant overdosage is therefore of great interest.Another situation where the concentrate may be of value is in the coagulation failure of advanced parenchy- matous liver disease which does not respond to vitamin K1.More general use of the concentrates for conditions other than the rare congenital clotting defects would place a strain on production.The administration of concentrates results in excessively high levels of any of the four factors not deficient in the patient's blood, and though Bruning and Loeliger did not find this harmful in their patients the possibility of produc- ing thrombosis in patients with a predisposition to intravascular clotting must be considered.
Surgical Operations: A Textbook for Students and Nurses.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CONTROL OF EPIDERMAL THICKNESS*
Authors: WILLIAM S. BULLOUGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— 1 Epidermal mass (thickness) is controlled by a complex mechanism in which the epidermal chalone plays a central role. The chalone inhibits epidermal mitotic activity by reducing the proportion of the basal cells that are in the mitotic cycle and the speed at which this cycle is completed. It also acts to reduce the speed at which the distal post‐mitotic cells age and die. 2 The response of the epidermal mass (thickness) to a rising mitotic rate (falling chalone concentration) is divisible into 3 separate phases. 3 In Phase 1 (e.g. normal mouse epidermis) the mitotic rate is low. Mitosis occurs in the basal layer in such a way that the 2 daughter cells remain basal; the pressure so generated is relieved by the extrusion of a neighbouring basal post‐mitotic cell. Any change in the mitotic rate is matched by an equivalent change in the rate of ageing of the extruded cells; thus no change in epidermal thickness occurs. 4 In Phase 2 (e.g. normal human epidermis, hyperplastic mouse epidermis) the mitotic rate has increased beyond the point at which all the basal cells have entered the mitotic cycle; there are therefore no post‐mitotic basal cells available to be extruded. From this point onwards the greater the mitotic rate (the lower the chalone content), the higher the lateral pressure within the basal layer, the greater the folding (or doubling) of this layer, the higher the numbers of basal mitotic cells per unit area of skin, the higher in consequence the number of distal post‐mitotic cells (which are also ageing more quickly) per unit area of skin, and the thicker the epidermis. Thus epidermal mass (thickness) is a function of the degree of folding (or doubling) of the basal layer and of the increased rate of post‐mitotic ageing. Towards the top of Phase 2 (e.g. psoriasis, papillomata) the chalone content of the whole epidermis has fallen to a low level, but the rate of cell gain still equals the rate of cell loss. 5 In Phase 3 (e.g. epidermal carcinomata) the average chalone content is very low, and the rate of cell gain exceeds the rate of cell loss. The normal balance can be restored by raising the chalone concentration artificially. 6 The manner in which this mechanism operates during normal healing and tissue regeneration is examined, and reasons are given for considering that these epidermal reactions are typical of mitotic tissues and of tumours in general.
Osteotomy
Authors: C. F. Maunder
Journal: BMJ (1877)

Malaria is a parasitic infection of global importance. Although relatively uncommon in developed countries, where the disease occurs mainly in travellers who have returned from endemic regions, it remains one of the most prevalent infections of humans worldwide. In endemic regions, malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and creates enormous social and economic burdens. Current efforts to control malaria focus on reducing attributable morbidity and mortality. Targeted chemoprophylaxis and use of insecticide-treated bed nets have been successful in some endemic areas. For travellers to malaria-endemic regions, personal protective measures and appropriate chemoprophylaxis can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Prompt evaluation of the febrile traveller, a high degree of suspicion of malaria, rapid and accurate diagnosis, and appropriate antimalarial therapy are essential in order to optimize clinical outcomes of infected patients. Additional approaches to malaria control, including genetic manipulation of mosquitoes and malaria vaccines, are areas of ongoing research.
Identification of the Angiogenic Endothelial Cell Growth Factor-1/Thymidine Phosphorylase as a Target for Immunotherapy of Cancer.
Authors: Elisabeth H. Slager, M. Willy Honders, Edith D. van der Meijden, Simone A.P. van Luxemburg-Heijs, Freke M. Kloosterboer, Michel G.D. Kester, Inge Jedema, W.A. Erik Marijt, M. Ronald Schaafsma, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg, Roel Willemze
Journal: Blood (2005)
THE THERAPY OF THE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: BERNARD FANTUS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>THERAPY OF PAIN</h3> "Next to the saving of life, the relief of pain is the physician's most important function." While it behooves the physician to be rather modest as to his ability of saving life, for the relief of pain he is well equipped. There is no pain that resists morphine; and there are so many other means of relieving pain that may be used instead of morphine—as the morphine may be worse for the patient than the pain—that there should be no case in which the physician well versed in therapeutics cannot give relief to pain and distress by properly chosen measures, not only without harm but with positive benefit to the patient. The patient has the right to expect relief of pain, for pain is in itself harmful, causing fatigue, insomnia, anorexia, depression of the circulation, psychic irritability and pessimism; and the longer pain continues, the more intolerent
WHAT IS "THE PACE THAT KILLS"?
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GIDEON: Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network
Authors: Vincent J. Felitti
Journal: JAMA (1994)

GIDEON is an impressive program. The Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network was developed by Israeli and American infectious disease specialists to help physicians diagnose infectious disease cases in the context of their patients' having traveled in countries where exposure to unusual, unanticipated, or unheard of diseases would occur. Thus, diagnoses like capillariasis, Marburg virus disease, and dicroceliasis are considered along with malaria, gonorrhea, and shigellosis. The countries range from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. GIDEON is easy to use. Anyone familiar with the Windows format will intuitively be able to use the program without even using the manual, which itself is written in a delightfully straightforward manner. Selecting the countries traveled in, one then responds to basic questions about signs, symptoms, and laboratory values. Behind the scenes, a Bayesian analysis is progressing, and GIDEON will indicate when enough clinical information exists to establish a diagnosis. I was reminded by these prompts
England imposes 72-hour limit on residents
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addiction Medicine
Authors: John E. Franklin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Diagnoses for substance dependence and abuse have been modified in the latest edition of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)</i><sup>1</sup>published by the American Psychiatric Association. Substance dependence is defined as a maladaptive pattern of use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three (or more) of the following symptoms occurring at any time in the same 12-month period: (1) tolerance; (2) withdrawal; (3) substance taken for longer periods or in larger amounts than intended; (4) persistent or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use; (5) a great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance or recover from its effects; (6) important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced because of use; and/or (7) continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem likely to be caused or exacerbated by the substance.
The System of Physiologic Therapeutics, A Series of Eleven Volumes. Vol. I.—Electrotherapy—Apparatus and Method of Handling.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FAVORABLE OUTLOOK FOR ELECTROCUTION IN NEW YORK.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The length and variability of the human menstrual cycle
Authors: L. Chiazze
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The Center for Population Research collected 30,655 recorded menstrual cycles from 2,316 women. Ninety-five percent of all cycles were between 15 and 45 days long. The mean and standard deviations for the total number of cycles were 29.1 and 7.46, respectively. Cycle lengths between 15 and 45 days averaged 28.1 days with a standard deviation of 3.95 days. Variability of menstrual-cycle lengths is highest for women under 25 years of age and declines steadily to reach a minimum for ages 35 to 39. It is then followed by a slight increase for women aged 40 to 44. The pattern of variability by age is demonstrated equally well by the percent of cycles between 25 and 31 days in length as by the standard deviation.
IgM in skin lesions of systemic amyloidosis
Authors: R. L. Garcia
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE ASSOCIATION of systemic amyloidosis with monoclonal-component or M-component diseases such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, lymphomas, and leukemia is well known. The purpose of this communication is to present a case of aleukemic chronic lymphocytic leukemia with an IgM paraprotein M-component associated with primary systemic amyloidosis in which IgM was found in the skin lesions on immunofluorescent staining. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old man came to our clinic with a five-month history of an asymptomatic generalized eruption of waxy papules. The eruption was preceded by two months of a gradual progression of numbness and burning in all extremities and a weakness in both hands. On physical examination, numerous smooth, skin-colored, translucent papules (2 to 4 mm), several with a hemorrhagic component, were noted on the elbows, knees, calves, shins, wrists, buttocks, and ventral aspect of the upper extremities (Fig 1). There were two areas of linear purpura on
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1944)

longest period for which it is likely to-be useful to continue such treatment: it should usually achieve its effect in a week.The dangers of this treatment are acidosis and renal damage.Acidosis is not likely to be produced if renal function is good, but hyperpnoea should be watched for, and the alkali reserve estimated should it occur.Some degree of renal damage, if only temporary, is indicated by the presence of large numbers of casts in the urine, and this finding contraindicates long continuance.If the infection is, as stated, due to B. coli alone, and unaccompanied by any other lesion of the urinary tract, it should also respond to sulphanilamide. Cumulative Effects of Phenobarbitone
Prognostic Impact Of Gender In Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Patients Treated With R-CHOP Therapy
Authors: Hiroyuki Takahashi, Naoto Tomita, Rika Kawasaki, Chizuko Hashimoto, Etsuko Yamazaki, Jun Taguchi, Rika Sakai, Shin Fujisawa, Koji Ogawa, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo
Journal: Blood (2013)
Risk of Internal Cancers from Arsenic in Drinking Water
Authors: Knashawn H. Morales, Louise Ryan, Tsung-Li Kuo, Meei-Maan Wu, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is under a congressional mandate to revise its current standard for arsenic in drinking water. We present a risk assessment for cancers of the bladder, liver, and lung from exposure to arsenic in water, based on data from 42 villages in an arseniasis-endemic region of Taiwan. We calculate excess lifetime risk estimates for several variations of the generalized linear model and for the multistage-Weibull model. Risk estimates are sensitive to the model choice, to whether or not a comparison population is used to define the unexposed disease mortality rates, and to whether the comparison population is all of Taiwan or just the southwestern region. Some factors that may affect risk could not be evaluated quantitatively: the ecologic nature of the data, the nutritional status of the study population, and the dietary intake of arsenic. Despite all of these sources of uncertainty, however, our analysis suggests that the current standard of 50 microg/L is associated with a substantial increased risk of cancer and is not sufficiently protective of public health.
THE ANTITOXIC PROPERTIES OF BILE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholecystectomy
Authors: Robert M. Zollinger, Roger D. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1964)

CHOLECYSTECTOMY continues to challenge the skilled and intrigue the unskilled. Regardless of how new the hospital or how superb the equipment, this increasingly common operation demands meticulous preoperative evaluation and complete and thorough surgery, followed by devoted postoperative care. Unlike hernia repair, appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis, and hysterectomy, removal of the gallbladder carries a significant operative risk. This risk is greatly affected by the age of the patient, obesity, chronic bronchitis, cardiac disorders, the presence of jaundice or pancreatitis, and timing of the operation. Cholecystectomy is primarily for those patients having gallstones with symptoms. The operation should be performed by a proficient surgeon when the patient is in the best physicial condition possible. The efficiency of the cholecystogram has simplified the diagnosis of gallbladder disease. However, surgery should not be recommended on the basis of one examination which fails to visualize the gallbladder or gallstones. There should be x-ray evidence