tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin cancer in immunosuppressed patients
Authors: J. C. Maize
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The development of malignant neoplasms in renal transplant recipients is a problem of considerable practical importance as well as biological interest. There is not, however, a simple, acrossthe-board increase in the incidence of all types of neoplasms, as would be expected if this was due solely to the suppression of host defense mechanisms against carcinomas. Skin cancers (39%) and lymphomas (27%) account for approximately two thirds of all cases recorded in the Denver Transplant Tumor Registry.<sup>1</sup>One explanation that has been offered for the increased incidence of lymphomas is that chronic antigenic stimulation of the host lymphoreticular system by the grafted tissue, which bears "nonself" histocompatibility antigens, may lead to the emergence of a neoplastic clone of lymphoid cells.<sup>2</sup>This would not account for the problem of cutaneous carcinomas. Here are other explanations for the increased incidence of neoplasms<sup>3-5</sup>: (1) immunosuppressive therapy impairs the "surveillance" function of
Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Richard Levine
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The meta-analysis of calcium supplementation and pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia by Bucher et al<sup>1</sup>is the fourth to be performed in recent years using the same basic data and indicating a large overall reduction in risk due to calcium supplementation.<sup>1-4</sup>Although these optimistic results are useful for generating hypotheses and for assessing the available evidence, inferences about treatment may be misleading. Two of the 9 studies in the recent meta-analysis<sup>1</sup>were not peer reviewed and are difficult to evaluate since 1 was published as an abstract and a brief submission to a conference proceedings (Montanaro et al, 1987 and 1990), another as a letter to the editor (Lopez-Jaramillo et al, 1990). A third trial (Villar et al, 1987) was cited by the meta-analysis both for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension with identical odds ratios and confidence intervals for each. Even most of the full-length publications do not specify whether
Cutaneous Rhizopus Infection: R rhizopodiformis vs R oryzae
Authors: Edward J. Bottone
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We question the species identification of a<i>Rhizopus</i>isolated from a cutaneous infection associated with an elasticized adhesive dressing (242:272, 1979). The species was identified as<i>R oryzae</i>, but no information was furnished regarding the criteria for the identification, and no confirmation from an expert mycologist in this area was reported. We requested this culture specimen from the authors for study, but it appears to be no longer available. Similarly, two isolates originally reported to cause cutaneous infections associated with elasticized adhesive (Elastoplast) bandages are also no longer available.<sup>1,2</sup> The only confirmed cultures associated with the Elastoplast bandages have been identified as<i>R rhizopodiformis</i>,<sup>2-4</sup>not R oryzae. It is unfortunate that the epidemiology of these cutaneous infections associated with Elastoplast bandages has been confused by inadequate reports.
TOC 3rd page
Authors: Stanley Szefler, Brenda Phillips, Fernando Martinez, Vernon Chinchilli, Robert Lemanske, Robert Strunk, Robert Zeiger, Gary Larsen, Joseph Spahn, Leonard Bacharier, Gordon Bloomberg, Theresa Guilbert, Gregory Heldt, Wayne Morgan, Mark Moss, Christine Sorkness, Lynn Taussig, Jesus Guajardo, Kathleen Schleifer, Michael Daines, Richard Ruddy, Bruce Aronow, Marsha Wills-Karp, Gurjit Khurana Hershey, Hara Levy, Benjamin Raby, Stephen Lake, Kelan Tantisira, David Kwiatkowski, Ross Lazarus, Edwin Silverman, Brent Richter, Walter Klimecki, Donata Vercelli, Scott Weiss, Annika Laitinen, Ari Lindqvist, Maija Halme, Alan Altraja, Lauri Laitinen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Optimizing diabetes care: perspectives from a practical view point
Authors: G. I Varughese, D. Jammalamadaka, A. A Tahrani
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

By couching the discussion of Blair and Bush in terms of hubris and nemesis, Lord Owen 1 has avoided the pitfall of diagnosis from afar while still highlighting serious problems with the two world leaders (JRSM November 2006).He does dip his toe into psychodynamics citing Freud and Justin Frank, but, by and large, he sticks to discussing behaviour and its relation to hubris and power.As a politician, Lord Owen is qualified to discuss the political leaders he has encountered.As a physician, should he be making medical judgments on political leaders?Simon Wessely has questions about this and about whether or not psychiatrists should venture beyond the consulting room. 2 Should psychiatrists limit their judgments to patients they have examined?The American Psychiatric Association says 'yes' and Dr Wessely cites data to support that view.But the question remains, can psychiatrists and neuroscientists, with the help of philosophers, provide useful insights that contribute to the understanding of leaders and their followers?I believe that we should try.We should bring whatever scientific data there may be to counter ideology, blind faith and the intoxicating effects of power.It is true hubris often comes with power.Even though we do not have a psychiatric diagnosis for hubris, it is a psychological entity and as such should potentially be understood by science, as are other psychological phenomena.We do not diagnose those that we have not personally examined and we cannot diagnose an entire population, but perhaps we can bring clinical and scientific insights to help understand destructive behaviour As scientists and clinicians, we too must guard against hubris.Hopefully our colleagues will help us with that.JRMS should be applauded for exploring the issue.
The Physicians' Visiting List (Lindsay &amp;amp; Blakiston's) for 1897.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia
Authors: S. R. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ONE of the most common disorders encountered in clinical medicine is abnormal potassium metabolism resulting in either hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. In a healthy person, potassium balance is a function of oral intake and renal excretion. On a normal daily oral intake of 40 to 100 mEq, the urinary potassium excretion varies between 40 and 90 mEq/24 hr. Only small amounts of potassium are normally excreted through sweating and fecal excretion; however, substantial potassium wasting can occur in cases of severe sweating or gastrointestinal disease (usually diarrhea, vomiting, or fistulae). The regulation of potassium excretion is dependent on renal function, total body potassium content, acid-base balance, delivery of sodium to the distal nephron, and mineralocorticoid secretion. Acidosis, decreased total body potassium content, decreased sodium delivery to the distal tubule, and mineralocorticoid insufficiency are associated with decreased potassium excretion. In contrast, alkalosis, increased total body potassium content, increased urinary sodium excretion, and
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 5(3) March 2008
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The image this month is a map of the Internet created by Matt Britt from data from the Opte Project. The closeup shows how nodes representing Internet addresses are connected (see the description in Wikimedia Commons). The image relates to the theme of the editorial: network theory and how it is increasingly used to understand connections and relationships in health and medicine, whether at a cellular, population, or social level. In a paper on the dynamics of influenza transmission published this month (Mossong, et al. e74), network analysis helped the authors produce a mathematical model suggesting that 5- to 19-year-olds will suffer the highest burden of respiratory infection during any initial spread. Another paper (Lewis, et al. e50) using phylodynamics—a mix of genetics, epidemiology, and evolutionary biology—elucidated a transmission network that provides insights into HIV prevention. Image Credit: Image by Matt Britt, using data from the Opte Project
Presinusoidal and proximal intrasinusoidal confluence of hepatic artery and portal vein in rat liver: Functional evidence by orthograde and retrograde bivascular perfusion
Authors: Y Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The site of confluence of the artery and the portal vein in the liver still appears to be controversial.Anatomical studies suggested a presinusoidal or an intrasinusoidal confluence in the first, second or even final third of the sinusoids.The objective of this investigation was to study the problem with functional biochemical techniques.Rat livers were perfused through the hepatic artery and simultaneously either in the orthograde direction from the portal vein to the hepatic vein or in the retrograde direction from the hepatic vein to the portal vein.Arterial flow was linearly dependent on arterial pressure between 70 cm H,O and 120 cm H,O at a constant portal or hepatovenous pressure of 18 cm H,O.An arterial pressure of 100 c m H,O was required for the maintenance of a homogeneous orthograde perfusion of the whole parenchyma and of a physiologic ratio of arterial to portal flow of about 1 : 3. Glucagon was infused either through the artery or the portal vein and hepatic vein, respectively, to a submaximally effective "calculated" sinusoidal concentration after mixing of 0.1 nmol/L.During orthograde perfusions, arterial and portal glucagon caused the same increases in glucose output.Yet during retrograde perfusions, hepatovenous glucagon elicited metabolic alterations equal to those in orthograde perfusions, whereas arterial glucagon effected changes strongly reduced to between 10% and 50%.Arterially infused trypan blue was distributed homogeneously in the parenchyma during orthograde perfusions, whereas it reached clearly smaller areas of parenchyma during retrograde perfusions.Finally, arterially applied acridine orange was taken up by all periportal hepatocytes in the proximal half of the acinus during orthograde perfusions but only by a much smaller portion of periportal cells in the proximal third of the acinus during retrograde perfusions.These findings suggest that in rat liver, the
New Therapies for Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jonathan Himmelfarb, Katherine R. Tuttle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Fueled by a global pandemic of obesity, diabetic kidney disease is a pressing public health challenge. Diabetic kidney disease is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, leading to premature death and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the developed and developing worlds. Remarkably, the excess risk of death from any cause in type 1 or 2 diabetes is associated almost entirely with the presence of kidney disease. In the absence of diabetic kidney disease, the risk of death among persons with diabetes is similar to that in the general population.1,2 The management of diabetic kidney disease focuses on . . .
Errors in Text and Figure Caption
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Austin A. Robinson, MD; Cory R. Trankle, MD; Grayson Eubanks, MD; Christopher Schumann, MD; Paul Thompson, MD; Ryan L. Wallace, MD; Shouri Gottiparthi, BS; Benjamin Ruth, MD; Christopher M. Kramer, MD; Michael Salerno, MD, PhD, MS; Kenneth C. Bilchick, MD; Cody Deen, MD; Michael C. Kontos, MD; John Dent, MD, MS, MHCM
Viral hepatitis in narcotics users. An outbreak in Rhode Island
Authors: B. J. Rosenstein
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the fall of 1964 and winter of 1965, an outbreak of viral hepatitis occurred in narcotics users in Rhode Island. A history of intravenous drug use was elicited from 27 persons, one of whom had three distinct episodes of hepatitis. Twenty-four of the 27 patients were males aged 17 to 30, and they accounted for 30% of all reported cases of hepatitis in this age group. Although the majority of the patients were hospitalized, they had a mild course and there were no deaths. Eleven of the 27 patients, or 41%, were not initially recognized as drug users by their attending physicians. Epidemiologic data suggested that the cause of the outbreak was the virus of serum hepatitis, and that it was transmitted by the use of contaminated injection equipment.
Environmental estrogenic agents area of concern
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ESTROGEN and agents that mimic it appear to be more pervasive and problematic than ever suspected. Estrogen has long been implicated in diseases like breast cancer and endometriosis that primarily affect women. New evidence suggests that estrogenic chemicals also limit the sexual development of males in animal experiments and may be responsible for increasing testicular cancer rates and decreasing sperm counts in men worldwide. In addition, estrogenic agents, marked by an ability to elicit mitotic stimulation of genital tract cell proliferation, are turning up in unexpected places, including culture media and plastic laboratory flasks where they may be confounding experimental results, according to reports presented at a meeting in Washington, DC, Estrogens in the Environment, sponsored by the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC. <h3>Some Good, Some Bad</h3> Some estrogens may be beneficial, like those in certain foods. Isoflavones in soy protein, for example, appear
Abstract 41: Omega-6 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis of 20 Cohort Studies
Authors: Jason H Wu, Matti Marklund, Fumiaki Imamura, Nathan Tintle, Andres V Ardisson Korat, Janette de Goede, Xia Zhou, Wei-Sin Yang, Marcia C de Oliveira Otto, Janine Kroger, Waqas Qureshi, Jyrki K Virtanen, Julie Bassett, Alexis C Frazier-Wood, Maria Lankinen, Rachel A Murphy, Kalina Rajaobelina, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Renata Micha, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) plays a role in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Aims: To evaluate the relation between blood and adipose tissue levels of n-6 PUFA and incident T2D, including n-6 linoleic acid (LA), the major dietary PUFA abundant in vegetable oils, and n-6 arachidonic acid (AA), a key precursor of endogenous metabolites that modulate glucose metabolism and inflammation. Methods: A global consortium of 20 prospective cohort studies identified by February 2016. Each study measured LA and AA at study baseline among adults&gt;18y without prevalent T2D, and assessed the association of n-6 PUFA biomarkers and T2D risk prospectively using individual-level data, using a pre-specified analytic plan and harmonized exposures, covariates, and effect modifiers. Findings were centrally pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: 39,740 men and women from 10 countries were included (range of cohort means, age, 49-76y, and BMI, 25.0-28.1kg/m 2 ), with 4,347 incident cases of T2D observed during follow-up. In continuous multivariate-adjusted analyses, higher LA was associated with 36% lower risk of T2D (RR,0.64, 95% CI,0.59-0.71, P&lt;0.001, I 2 =49%, Figure 1A ) per interquintile range. Similar inverse associations were observed for LA measured in different fractions, and in sensitivity analysis using random effects model. Levels of AA were not associated with T2D risk overall and in studies grouped by different biomarker fractions except total plasma (per interquintile RR=0.74, 95% CI=0.62-0.88, P&lt;0.001, Figure 1B ). The relations of LA and AA with T2D were not significantly modified by age, BMI, sex, race, aspirin use, n-3 PUFA biomarker, or FADS genetic variants ( P ≥ 0.13 for each). Conclusion: Higher blood and adipose tissue LA levels, biomarkers of the major dietary PUFA, were associated with lower risk of T2D among free-living populations worldwide. There was little evidence that AA levels were appreciably associated with risk of T2D.
"OPTIC NEURITIS IN SERUM SICKNESS"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1903)

ARTICLES and LETTERS forsaAedett for publicatien are underuto0a to be offered to the BRITI8H MEDICAL JOVINAL alone,unX ethe cntrary be staterf AUTgORs desiring reprints of their art1legpi5bli5ItheBRITIsH M3DIVAL.JQUisNAL are requested to communicate with thWn aer,425rnd, W.C.. on receipfroot.CoRRsEPONDRNTs who wish notice t
MEDICAL FEES.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antimicrobial vs placebo prophylaxis in noncardiac thoracic surgery
Authors: R. Truesdale
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A prospective, double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and safety of prophylactic cephalosporins was done in 57 patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery. Twenty-eight received cephalosporin therapy, and 29 received placebo. Overall, the incidence of postoperative infections was the same; infections developed in five (17.8%) of the 28 patients in the cephalosporin group and in five (17.2%) of the 29 patients in the placebo group. Of the five deaths attributable to infection, three occurred in patients receiving placebo and two in patients receiving cephalosporin therapy. No differences were noted in WBC counts, fever, duration of hospitalization, hypersensitivity reactions, or abnormal liver functions. However, drug fever, phlebitis, and abnormal renal function occurred more often in the patients receiving cephalosporin therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1254-1256, 1979)
Improved EGFR mutation detection using combined exosomal RNA and circulating tumor DNA in NSCLC patient plasma
Authors: A.K. Krug, D. Enderle, C. Karlovich, T. Priewasser, S. Bentink, A. Spiel, K. Brinkmann, J. Emenegger, D.G. Grimm, E. Castellanos-Rizaldos, J.W. Goldman, L.V. Sequist, J -C Soria, D.R. Camidge, S.M. Gadgeel, H.A. Wakelee, M. Raponi, M. Noerholm, J. Skog
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Dear Editor, In our recent article [1.Krug A.K. Enderle D. Karlovich C. et al.Improved EGFR mutation detection using combined exosomal RNA and circulating tumor DNA in NSCLC patient plasma.Ann Oncol. 2018; 29: 700-706Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (155) Google Scholar], we demonstrated the improved sensitivity of using combined exosomal RNA/DNA and cfDNA for liquid biopsies detecting EGFR mutations in plasma from patients with NSCLC. In reviewing our article, Bracht et al. [2.Bracht J.W.P. Berenguer J. Karachaliou N. et al.Combining plasma-based biosources to predict treatment response in NSCLC patients.Ann Oncol. 2018; 29: 2022Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar] identified an editorial mistake in the main text of the article, in which we reference a supplementary analysis. The sentence on p. 704 should correctly have read: … exoNA was able to correctly identify non-responders to rociletinib, potentially allowing to switch these patients to a different treatment, while ensuring that 100% of responding patients continue on treatment (100% Negative Predictive Value (NPV), 45% specificity; see supplementary material S12, available at Annals of Oncology online). The calculations, numbers and the descriptions of the rationale behind development of the test both in the main text and in the supplement are all correct in the original article and remain unchanged. None declared.
Aviation Medicine
Authors: Russell B. Rayman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

From the days of World War I until the 1950s, practitioners of aviation medicine were concerned only with the problems of flight within the earth's atmosphere. Since humans have ventured farther, however, aviation medicine has advanced to include space. Now, physicians who complete residency training and pass a board examination are certified by the American Board of Preventive Medicine as specialists in aerospace medicine. Herein, we discuss four areas of major concern in the 1990s: certification and medical standards for pilots, air medical transport, passenger health and safety, and medical research in space. A major objective of aviation medicine is the prevention of aircraft accidents through appropriate medical screening and certification of trainees and pilots, both civil and military. Of particular concern is any medical condition or drug use that could result in sudden incapacitation or subtle impairment in flight, eg, mitral valve prolapse and cardiac arrhythmias and the use