tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric candidiasis
Authors: E. Piken
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two cases of candidiasis occurred in the stomach. The first is a case of disseminated candidiasis with stomach wall involvement. The patient had Hodgkin's disease and responded to chemotherapy and amphotericin B. The second is a case of superficial invasion of<i>Candida</i>in a stitch ulcer. Systemic and local factors influence growth of<i>Candida</i>in the stomach. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2181-2182, 1978)
Reply:
Authors: Zhang-Xu Liu, Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We appreciate the interest of Dr. Jaeschke and Dr. Liu in our previous work1 and their new findings that present evidence for the occurrence of protective gene expression after treatment with anti-Gr-1, which they concluded probably reflects altered cytokine expression in response to monoclonal antibody–induced hepatic neutrophil sequestration and activation of Kupffer cells. However, although we have not yet had the opportunity to ensure that these new findings can be confirmed in our hands, we did not observe an effect of the anti-Gr-1 treatment (without acetaminophen[N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, or APAP]) on Kupffer cell function or response to lipopolysaccharide, and in agreement with previous reports,2-5 we did not observe neutrophil sequestration in the liver after anti-Gr-1 treatment; rather, there was a virtually complete absence of neutrophils in the liver. Thus, assuming Jaeschke and Liu's findings are correct, we are left with 2 consequences of anti-Gr-1 treatment, the induction of protective genes and the elimination of neutrophils, either or both of which may contribute to protection from APAP. In our hands, there is a rapid and marked early accumulation of neutrophils in the liver that does not occur in the various models that we have employed to abrogate components of the innate immune system upstream of neutrophils. However, we agree that further work will be required to unambiguously address the specific role of neutrophils as one of the key downstream effectors of innate immune system–mediated liver injury from APAP. We believe that this still remains quite plausible, but other distal effector mechanisms undoubtedly must also participate. Zhang-Xu Liu*, Neil Kaplowitz*, * Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
US medical school finances
Authors: L. Taksel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The 29th annual review of medical school finances, prepared by the staff of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), is intended to reflect, through analysis of medical school revenues and expenditures, the secular trends in medical education in the United States. The 29-year interval may be viewed as two distinct periods, from academic year 1958-1959 through academic year 1978-1979 and from academic year 1979-1980 through academic year 1987-1988, the latest full year for which data are available. The first period can be characterized by huge absolute and relative increases in all aspects of medical education. Some sense of the growth in the enterprise may be gained from an examination of a few of its dimensions shown in Table 1. The number of schools increased, the number of candidates for professional and academic doctorates doubled and tripled, respectively, and the population of postdoctoral students mushroomed. The number of full-time faculty
Factors influencing bone lead concentration in a suburban community assessed by noninvasive K x-ray fluorescence
Authors: M. J. Kosnett
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the influence of demographic, exposure, and medical factors on the bone lead concentration of subjects with background (nonindustrial) environmental lead exposure. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Suburban residential community. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 101 subjects (49 males, 52 females; aged 11 to 78 years) were recruited from 49 of 123 households geographically located in a suburban residential neighborhood unexposed to any major source of industrial lead emissions. <h3>Main Outcome Measurements.</h3> —Cortical bone lead concentrations in the mid-shaft of the tibia were noninvasively measured by in vivo K x-ray fluorescence. Blood lead concentrations were measured by anodic stripping voltammetry. An administered questionnaire assessed potential sources of lead exposure and medical conditions affecting bone metabolism. <h3>Results.</h3> —After the exclusion of one outlier, log-transformed bone lead concentration was highly correlated with age (<i>r</i>=.71;<i>P</i>≤.0001). Bone lead concentration showed no significant change up to age 20 years, increased with the same slope in men and women between ages 20 and 55 years, and then increased at a faster rate in men older than 55 years. In addition to the variables age and sex, the best fitting multiple regression model for bone lead concentration (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=.66;<i>P</i>≤.0001) revealed a positive correlation with total pack-years of cigarette smoking and a negative correlation with a history of having nursed an infant for longer than 2 weeks. Blood lead concentrations of the subjects were low (geometric mean, 0.24 μmol/L [4.9 μg/dL]) and after log transformation were weakly correlated with log-transformed bone lead concentration (<i>r</i>=.23;<i>P</i>=.02). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The age- and sex-related increases in bone lead concentration found by K x-ray fluorescence concur with published postmortem studies of bone lead concentration and are consistent with the kinetics of bone turnover and secular trends in lead exposure. These data help to establish a reference range for assessing the lead burden of other populations with environmental or occupational lead exposure. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:197-203)
Inorganic Dust Pneumonias: The Metal-Related Parenchymal Disorders
Authors: Paul Kelleher, Karin Pacheco, Lee S. Newman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In recent years the greatest progress in our understanding of pneumoconioses, other than those produced by asbestos, silica, and coal, has been in the arena of metal-induced parenchymal lung disorders.Inhalation of metal dusts and fumes can induce a wide range of lung pathology, including airways disorders, cancer, and parenchymal diseases.The emphasis of this update is on parenchymal diseases caused by metal inhalation, including granulomatous disease, giant cell interstitial pneumonitis, chemical pneumonitis, and interstitial fibrosis, among others.The clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of disorders arising from exposure to aluminum, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, and nickel are presented in detail.Metal fume fever, an inhalation fever syndrome attributed to exposure to a number of metals, is also discussed.Advances in our knowledge of antigen-specific immunologic reactions in the lung are particularly evident in disorders secondary to beryllium and nickel exposure, where immunologic mechanisms have been well characterized.For example, current evidence suggests that beryllium acts as an antigen, or hapten, and is presented by antigen-presenting cells to CD4+ T cells, which possess specific surface antigen receptors.Other metals such as cadmium and mercury induce nonspecific damage, probably by initiating production of reactive oxygen species.Additionally, genetic susceptibility markers associated with increased risk have been identified in some metal-related diseases such as chronic beryllium disease and hard metal disease.Future research needs include development of biologic markers of metal-induced immunologic disease, detailed characterization of human exposure, examination of gene alleles that might confer risk, and association of exposure data with that of genetic susceptibility.
A 5-year Summary of Real-life Dietary Egg Consumption after Completion of a 4-year Egg OIT Protocol
Authors: Edwin Kim, Stacie M. Jones, A. Wesley Burks, Robert A. Wood, Scott H. Sicherer, Donald Y.M. Leung, Alice Henning, Robert W. Lindblad, Peter Dawson, Corinne Keet, Amy M. Scurlock, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
A sense of urgency: Evaluating the link between clinical trial development time and the accrual performance of CTEP-sponsored studies
Authors: S. Cheng, M. Dietrich, S. Finnigan, A. Sandler, J. Crites, L. Ferranti, A. Wu, D. Dilts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA6509 Background: Post-activation barriers to oncology clinical trial accruals are well documented; however, potential barriers prior to trial opening are not. We investigate one such barrier: trial development time. Methods: National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (NCI-CTEP) sponsored trials for all therapeutic, non-pediatric phase I,I/II, II, and III studies activated in an eight year period (2000–2007) were investigated (n=553). Successful trials were those achieving 100% of minimum accrual goal. Time to open a study was the calendar time from initial CTEP submission to trialactivation. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used tocalculate unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios, controlling for study phase and size of expected accruals. Results: 40.0 percent (n=221) of CTEP-approved oncology trials failed to achieve minimum accrual goals, with 49.2 percent (n=30) of phase III trials failing to achieve at least 25 percent of accrual goals. A total of 8,723 patients (17.0% of accruals) accrued to those studies that were unable to achieve the projected minimum accrual goal. Trials requiring 9–12 months development were significantly more likely to achieve accrual goals (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.52, P=0.031) than trials requiring the median time (15–18 months); trials that exceeded 27 months of development time were significantly less likely of achieving accrual goals (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.54, P=0.004). Conclusions: A large percentage of oncology clinical trials do not achieve minimum projected accruals. Trial development time appears to be one important predictor of the likelihood of successfully achieving the minimum accrual goals. Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds Ratio for Achieving Minimum Accrual Goals Development Time Interval (months) Unadjusted Analysis Odds Ratio (95% CI); P Value Adjusted Analysis Controlling for Projected Minimum Accrual Odds Ratio (95% CI); P Value Adjusted Analysis Controlling for Phase of Trial Odds Ratio (95% CI); P Value [0,9) 1.20 (0.55 - 2.59); P=0.650 1.17 (0.54 - 2.54); P=0.686 1.13 (0.52 - 2.46); P=0.758 [9,12) 1.94 (1.06 - 3.52); P=0.010 1.96 (1.07 - 3.57); P=0.029 1.86 (1.02 - 3.40); P=0.044 [12,15) (referent) 1.0 1.0 1.0 [18,21) 0.52 (0.27 - 1.00); P=0.051 0.54 (0.27 - 1.05); P=0.068 0.55 (0.28 - 1.07); P=0.078 [21,24) 0.78 (0.39 - 1.57); P=0.482 0.78 (0.38 - 1.57); P=0.478 0.75 (0.37 - 1.53); P=0.435 [24,27) 0.52 (0.20 - 1.35); P=0.179 0.54 (0.21 - 1.40); P=0.205 0.53 (0.20 - 1.37); P=0.191 [27,30) 0.14 (0.04 - 0.54); P=0.004 0.15 (0.04 - 0.58); P=0.006 0.16 (0.04 - 0.59); P=0.006 [30, ) 0.17 (0.07 - 0.41); P<0.001 0.18 (0.07 - 0.44); P<0.001 0.19 (0.08 - 0.46); P<0.001 Referent indicates median development time of all clinical trials in the sample No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Drugs and the Blood-Testis Barrier
Authors: B. P. Setchell, S. J. Main
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The functional and morphological evidence for the blood–testis barrier is discussed, together with evidence for the various processes (simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion) by which various substances enter the seminiferous tubule. Data are presented to show that methylmethane-sulfonate (MMS) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) both enter the seminiferous tubules rapidly, although from the published rates of methylation of testicular DNA, by these two compounds, it might be expected that the entry of DMNA would be slower than that of MMS. It appears, however, that DMNA in blood is gradually converted to some nonpermeant compound. The possibility, as yet unsubstantiated, is discussed that a nontoxic permeant precursor may be converted into a nonpermeant toxic substance inside the tubules, thereby effectively concentrating the toxic compound inside the tubules.
Fundamental Principles in Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Greater Efforts Needed to Restart Domestic Decline in Tuberculosis
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modern Neurology
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It is entirely fitting that Dr. Denny-Brown, a preeminent clinician and investigator, be honored by this tribute marking his retirement as Putnam Professor of Neurology at Harvard and Director of the Neurological Unit of Boston City Hospital. The original reports in this volume, contributed by 59 of his colleagues and former students, most suitably honor Denny-Brown's unique influence on research, teaching, and practice in neurology. The topics included are wide ranging, from the opening "Adventures in Avian Neurology" to a concluding chapter with the practical title "Bed Sores." Many of the studies are elaborations of work pioneered by Dr. Denny-Brown, for example, the recent investigations of muscle, cerebral hemodynamics, and cerebral localization. The fields of anatomy and physiology are represented by studies of the thalamus and its projections, motor-unit discharges, cerebellar mechanisms, and peripheralnerve function. Clinical studies include missile wounds in the Rolandic area, problems of memory, the grasping and
Rapid recovery from massive diazepam overdose
Authors: D. J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two patients were hospitalized in moderately deep coma after ingestion of large doses of diazepam (500 and 2,000 mg) with suicidal intent. Neither patient experienced important complications; both recovered fully and were discharged within 48 hours. Concentrations of diazepam and its three pharmacologically active metabolites (desmethyldiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam) were determined in multiple samples drawn during and after hospitalization. High concentrations of all four compounds were present in early samples, then declined slowly during the next one to two weeks. Rapid clinical recovery after diazepam overdose is not attributable to rapid elimination of active compounds from the body, but more likely to adaptation or tolerance to their depressant effects. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1872-1874, 1978)
Juvenile pemphigoid
Authors: W.R. FABER, TH. JOOST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Juvenile pemphigoid Get access W.R. FABER, W.R. FABER Department of Dermatology (Chairman; Professor Dr R. H. Cormane), University of Amsterdam, Binnengasthuis, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TH. VAN JOOST TH. VAN JOOST Department of Dermatology (Chairman; Professor Dr R. H. Cormane), University of Amsterdam, Binnengasthuis, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 5, 1 November 1973, Pages 519–522, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03015.x Published: 01 November 1973 Article history Accepted: 20 May 1973 Published: 01 November 1973
Cellular Backpackers Deliver Lymphoma Drugs
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Researchers have attached capsules containing the drug SN-38, a relative of irinotecan, to T cells. When infused into mice with a cancer similar to Burkitt lymphoma, the T cells entered the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow where B-cell tumors occurred, increasing the amount of drug reaching the tumors compared with other methods, and prolonging survival.
Refractory Hypertension
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, John F. Setaro, Henry R. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

A REASONABLE definition of refractory hypertension might comprise these features: the blood pressure remains above 140/90 mm Hg (160/90 mm Hg for patients over 60 years of age), the routine evaluation does not suggest secondary hypertension, treatment with maximal doses of at least two appropriate antihypertensive agents has been initiated, and the antihypertensive regimen has been given adequate time to be effective. Though patients have traditionally been classified as having refractory hypertension only when they have not responded to treatment with three or four drugs, with the advent of newer and better-tolerated antihypertensive agents, many of which are highly effective . . .
Pyorrhœa Alveolaris. Its Ætiology, Pathology, Symptoms, Sequelae and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Better data should be available when drugs are introduced into practice
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ultrasound treatment relieves pain in carpal tunnel syndromeNo effective conservative treatment exists for carpal tunnel syndrome, and surgical decompression is often performed.In a randomised, "sham" controlled study of an intensive schedule of 20 sessions of ultrasound treatment, Ebenbichler et al (p 731) found that treatment led to short and medium term relief of pain and neurological symptoms in patients with mild to moderate forms of the syndrome.Optimal schedules of ultrasound treatment used alone or in combination with other medical treatments await elucidation.Long term efficacy is yet to be determined.
Effect of irradiation on hepatic natural killer cells
Authors: K Vanderkerken
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The rat liver contains a population of natural killer cells consisting of two morphologically and functionally different subsets, a low-density and a high-density fraction. In this work we describe the influence of low-dose radiation on hepatic natural killer activity. The effect on the cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma and CC531 colon adenocarcinoma tumor cells was measured in chromium-51 assays, and morphological changes were analyzed by means of electron microscopy. The low-density natural killer fraction showed increased cytotoxicity against YAC-1 which was associated with an increased binding of natural killer cells to the YAC-1 tumor cells shortly after irradiation. These phenomena were paralleled by an increased number of multivesicular bodies and cytoplasmic granules with an electron-lucent halo. In contrast, the other hepatic natural killer cell fraction, the high-density natural killer cells, did not show increased cytotoxicity, binding or morphological alterations. The radiation-stimulated lysis of YAC-1 cells was also observed when in vivo irradiated cells were isolated and tested immediately for in vitro lysis of YAC-1 cells. Sixteen hours after in vitro or in vivo irradiation, the cytotoxicity of hepatic natural killer cells against YAC-1 was no longer enhanced. The cytolysis of and binding of hepatic natural killer cells to CC531 colon adenocarcinoma cells was not stimulated by in vitro irradiation. From these experiments, we conclude that low-dose radiation stimulates the cytotoxicity of hepatic low-density natural killer cells against YAC-1 lymphoma cells immediately after irradiation as the result of enhanced binding of the cells to the tumor cells, in addition to the synthesis of new cytotoxic granules. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1453–1458.)
<i>Circulation</i> : Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Mapping atrial tachyarrhythmias arising during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation remains a clinical challenge.Even distinguishing focal from macroreentrant tachycardias may require extensive activation mapping or entrainment from multiple sites with potential tachycardia termination or alteration.We describe how a single pacing maneuver can demonstrate macroreentry by selecting the later (downstream) site for pacing and assessing paced activation at the upstream site.This new method of downstream overdrive pacing allows recognition of constant fusion and thus macroreentry and can indicate if the pacing site is in or near the reentry circuit.This method can be used to rapidly diagnose common atrial tachycardias that arise during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and may be useful for the diagnosis of other macroreentrant tachyarrhythmias.See p 2503.