tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incorrect Spelling.
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Saunders' Pocket Medical Lexicon.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human Health Hazards Associated with Chemical Contamination of Aquatic Environment
Authors: Jerry F. Stara, Dinko Kello, Patrick Durkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Given the finite supply of water available for human use, continued chemical contamination of the aquatic environment may pose a significant human health hazard. Consequently, an effort must be made to develop ambient water quality criteria to protect human health and preserve the integrity of the aquatic environment. In developing water quality criteria based on human health effects, information on sources of exposure, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects must be carefully evaluated. Information on sources of exposure is needed to determine the contribution of exposure from water relative to all other sources. Pharmacokinetic data are used in inter- and intraspecies extrapolation and in characterizing the mode of toxic action. Information on toxic effects includes data on acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity. In analyzing such information, a distinction is made between threshold and nonthreshold effects. Currently, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity are considered to be nonthreshold effects. For carcinogens and mutagens, criteria are calculated by postulating an "acceptable" increased level of risk and using extrapolation models to estimate the dose which would result in this increased level of risk. For other chemicals, thresholds are assumed and criteria are calculated by deriving "acceptable daily intakes" for man which would presumably result in no observable adverse effects. Neither process is exact, and attempts must be made to improve and verify risk assessment methodologies.
Food Poisoning
Authors: K. F. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

Salmonella GastroenteritisSalmonella gastroenteritis is apparently more carefully diagnosed than some of the other types of food poisoning. Feig2 found 72 outbreaks (3430 cases); 40 were termed "food poisoning," and 32, "gastroenteritis." They represent 14.6 per cent of the total of 476 outbreaks reported for a three-year period. In 1951 only 15 outbreaks (850 clinical cases) were reported. Although the specific salmonella involved was not determined in 30 (42 per cent) of the 72 outbreaks, at least there is evidence that the organism was demonstrated in either the stools or the food or both and in only 2 cases was . . .
Abstract 2340: Differentiation of pro- and anti-inflammatory features of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
Authors: Ragnhild Maukon Bakke, Waqas Azeem, Silke Appel, Karl-Henning Kalland, Anne Margrete Oyan
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and are consequently exploited in cancer immunotherapy in order to present tumor-associated antigens to lymphocytes. The ability of tumor cells to induce tolerogenic DCs and avoid the immune system challenges DC-based immunotherapies. Utilizing buffycoats of healthy blood donors we have investigated the activation of gene expression programs conventionally associated with either pro- or anti-inflammatory features of monocyte-derived DCs. Methodology: Following isolation of monocytes from buffycoats, various culture conditions were tested to generate immature DCs and to mature and activate them in vitro. Genome-wide gene expression, secretion of cytokines and tryptophan metabolites, surface expression of maturation and activation markers, and functional abilities were analyzed. Specifically, beta-catenin and indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO-1) activation were examined using both agonists and inhibitors of those pathways. Results: A considerable variability among buffycoats of different healthy blood donors was observed regarding DC yield and cytokine secretion. Induction time to generate immature DCs with interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor affected DC differentiation. Several maturation conditions induced strong IDO-1 expression. Activation of beta-catenin during DC maturation induced anti-inflammatory features that could be competed by adding beta-catenin inhibitors during cultivation of the cells. Pro- and anti-inflammatory features often co-existed in mature DCs. Conclusions: Beta-catenin and IDO-1 activation are prevalent according to different conditions of monocyte-derived DC maturation and associated with anti-inflammatory features. Both pathways can be inhibited by specific antagonists. More robust pro-inflammatory DC generation is desirable for more effective cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Ragnhild Maukon Bakke, Waqas Azeem, Silke Appel, Karl-Henning Kalland, Anne Margrete Oyan. Differentiation of pro- and anti-inflammatory features of monocyte-derived dendritic cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2340.
Contents
Authors: Gui-Shuang Ying, Maureen Maguire, Aziz Khanifar, Anjum Koreishi, Joseph Izatt, Cynthia Toth, Jingsheng Tuo, Robert Ross, George Reed, Qing Yan, Jin Wang, Christine Bojanowski, Emily Chew, Xiao Feng, Timothy Olsen, Frederick Ferris, Paul Mitchell, Chi-Chao Chan, Sharmila Boekhoorn, Aaron Isaacs, Andre Uitterlinden, Cornelia Van Duijn, Albert Hofman, Paulus De Jong, Johannes Vingerling, Dorothea Nitsch, Ian Douglas, Liam Smeeth, Astrid Fletcher, Sanjeewa Wickremasinghe, Kira Michalova, Jagjit Franzco, Robyn Gilhotra, C Guymer, Tien Harper, Salmaan Wong
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Biochemical Studies of the Tracheobronchial Epithelium
Authors: Marc J. Mass, David G. Kaufman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Tracheobronchial epithelium has been a focus of intense investigation in the field of chemical carcinogenesis. We have reviewed some biochemical investigations that have evolved through linkage with carcinogenesis research. These areas of investigation have included kinetics of carcinogen metabolism, identification of carcinogen metabolites, levels of carcinogen binding to DNA, and analysis of carcinogen-DNA adducts. Such studies appear to have provided a reasonable explanation for the susceptibilities of the respiratory tracts of rats and hamsters to carcinogenesis by benzo(a)pyrene. Coinciding with the attempts to understand the initiation of carcinogenesis in the respiratory tract has also been a major thrust aimed at effecting its prevention both in humans and in animal models for human bronchogenic carcinoma. These studies have concerned the effects of derivatives of vitamin A (retinoids) and their influence on normal cell biology and biochemistry of this tissue. Recent investigations have included the effects of retinoid deficiency on the synthesis of RNA and the identification of RNA species associated with this biological state, and also have included the effects of retinoids on the synthesis of mucus-related glycoproteins. Tracheal organ cultures from retinoid-deficient hamsters have been used successfully to indicate the potency of synthetic retinoids by monitoring the reversal of squamous metaplasia. Techniques applied to this tissue have also served to elucidate features of the metabolism of retinoic acid using high pressure liquid chromatography. In brief, formidable strides have been made in biochemistry specific to this important target tissue, despite the inability to acquire tracheobronchial epithelium in large quantities.
Targeting oncogenes
Authors: Laurie Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The definition of "totipotent" was incorrectly identified as "Cell committed to a specific lineage that is capable of giving rise to all types of differentiated cells and tissues, including extraembryonic tissues."The correct definition is "Cell not committed to a specific lineage that is capable of giving rise to all types of differentiated cells and tissues, including extraembryonic tissues."
Exposure of Human Proximal Tubule Cells to Cd 2+ ,Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ Induces Metallothionein Protein Accumulation but not Metallothionein Isoform 2 mRNA
Authors: Scott H. Garrett, Seema Somji, John H. Todd, Donald A. Sens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The oranization of the human meallothionein (MT) gene family is more complex than the commonly used mouse and rat models.The human MTs are encoded by a family of genes con- sisting of 10 functional and 7 nonfunctional MT isoforms.One objective of this study was to determine if the accumulation of MT protein in culue of human proximal tubule (HPI) cells exosed to metals is similar to that expected from the knowledge base obtained from rodent models.To accomplish this objective, HIT cells were exposed to both lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cd2, Zn2*, Cu2+ Ag2t Hg2, and Pb2+ and MT ptein l were determinedThe results were in general ment th animal modal suiehre were some : exceptions, mainly in areas w the model database was l Inlr aeement with animal models, Cd2, 7.2, a C2 were demonstted t b pot idcs of MT pro- tein accumulation.In contrast to aity in MT protein expression, w eo evidence that the human renal MT-2 gene.hs a unique pattern of rlation cmred to both animal models and human-derived ceil cultures..In the present study, we determined that MT-2A mRNA was not induced by exposure of HPT cells to Cd2 or the other metals, a finding in con- trat to studies in both animal models and other human cel culture systems in which a high level ofMT-2 mRNA induction occurs upon eposure to Ct or Zn2+.While MT protein pression may be similar betwee humans and animal modals, this finding provides initial evidence that regulation of the genes underlying MT protein expression may be dierent beteen species.
Prolactin in clinical practice
Authors: M. T. Buckman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ISOLATION of human prolactin and the development of highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays have allowed precise quantitation of serum prolactin concentrations in humans. Although changes in prolactin secretion have been described in a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions, our understanding of the physiologic effects of prolactin is scant. Only the obligatory role of prolactin in lactation has been established. Since random serum prolactin concentrations are only slightly lower in normal men than in normal women, prolactin may have physiologic effects unrelated to lactation. The kidney<sup>1</sup>and the adrenal<sup>2</sup>have been suggested as target organs for prolactin action. Further investigative efforts are required to explore the implications of these and other possible physiologic effects of prolactin in man. <h3>Regulation of Prolactin Secretion</h3><h3>Prolactin-Inhibitory Factor (PIF).—</h3> Prolactin secretion is primarily under tonic hypothalamic inhibitory control (Figure). Although a specific PIF has yet to be isolated, the importance of this
Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Efficiency of Breathing in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Rik A. A. M. Gosselink, Robert C. Wagenaar, Hans Rijswijk, Anthony J. Sargeant, Marc L. A. Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The effects of diaphragmatic breathing learning on chest wall motion, mechanical efficiency of the respiratory muscles, breathing pattern, and dyspnea sensation were studied in seven patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1 34 ± 7% of the predicted value) during loaded and unloaded breathing. Chest wall motion was studied focusing on amplitude and phase relation of rib cage and abdominal motion. Mechanical efficiency was defined as the ratio of added external power output and added oxygen consumption during inspiratory threshold loading (40% maximal inspiratory pressure [Pimax]). After 2 wk run-in, all subjects participated in a diaphragmatic breathing program for 3 wk. Variables obtained during diaphragmatic breathing were compared with those obtained during natural breathing. During diaphragmatic breathing the ratio of rib cage to abdominal motion decreased significantly during unloaded (0.86 versus 0.37; p < 0.01) as well as during loaded breathing (0.97 versus 0.50; p < 0.01). Chest wall motion became more asynchronous during diaphragmatic breathing in the unloaded conditions (mean phase difference for natural breathing 3.5 versus 10.4% for diaphragmatic breathing; p < 0.02) and loaded conditions (mean phase difference for natural breathing 6 versus 11.4% for diaphragmatic breathing; p < 0.02). Surprisingly, mechanical efficiency decreased significantly during diaphragmatic breathing (2.57 ± 0.76%) in comparison with natural breathing (3.35 ± 1.48%; p < 0.01). Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and duty cycle did not change significantly during diaphragmatic breathing. Dyspnea sensation tended to increase during diaphragmatic breathing. We conclude that diaphragmatic breathing in patients with severe COPD detrimentally affected coordination of chest wall motion as well as mechanical efficiency, while dyspnea sensation tended to increase. Consequently, we question the usefulness of this technique in the rehabilitation of COPD patients.
Update on the randomised phase Ib/II study of the selective small molecule AXL inhibitor bemcentinib (BGB324) in combination with either dabrafenib/trametinib or pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: C. Schuster, G. Gausdal, B.T. Gjertsen, J. Lorens, O. Straume
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Risk for cancer was still increased over 2 years after stopping hormone therapy
Authors: Angela M. Cheung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2008Risk for cancer was still increased over 2 years after stopping hormone therapyAngela M. Cheung, MD, PhDAngela M. Cheung, MD, PhDUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHeiss G, Wallace R, Anderson GL, et al. Health risks and benefits 3 years after stopping randomized treatment with estrogen and progestin. JAMA. 2008;299:1036-45. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18319414Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: References1 Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33. Google Scholar2 Ravdin PM, Cronin KA, Howlader N, et al. The decrease in breast-cancer incidence in 2003 in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1670-4. [PMID: 17442911] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: JC2-11KeywordsBreast cancerColorectal cancerCoronary heart diseaseEstrogensHormonal therapyPulmonary embolismRevascularizationStrokeThromboembolism ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE PROPER ADJUSTMENT OF REST AND EXERCISE IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NORTH OF ENGLAND DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 46, Issue 2 p. 101-104 NORTH OF ENGLAND DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY First published: February 1934 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb11129.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume46, Issue2February 1934Pages 101-104 RelatedInformation
Avoidance of stimulation improves engraftment of cultured and retrovirally transduced hematopoietic cells in primates
Authors: Masaaki Takatoku, Stephanie Sellers, Brian A. Agricola, Mark E. Metzger, Ikunoshin Kato, Robert E. Donahue, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Recent reports suggest that cells in active cell cycle have an engraftment defect compared with quiescent cells. We used nonhuman primates to investigate this finding, which has direct implications for clinical transplantation and gene therapy applications. Transfer of rhesus CD34+ cells to culture in stem cell factor (SCF) on the CH-296 fibronectin fragment (FN) after 4 days of culture in stimulatory cytokines maintained cell viability but decreased cycling. Using retroviral marking with two different gene transfer vectors, we compared the engraftment potential of cytokine-stimulated cells versus those transferred to nonstimulatory conditions (SCF on FN alone) before reinfusion. In vivo competitive repopulation studies showed that the level of marking originating from the cells continued in culture for 2 days with SCF on FN following a 4-day stimulatory transduction was significantly higher than the level of marking coming from cells transduced for 4 days and reinfused without the 2-day culture under nonstimulatory conditions. We observed stable in vivo overall gene marking levels of up to 29%. This approach may allow more efficient engraftment of transduced or ex vivo expanded cells by avoiding active cell cycling at the time of reinfusion.
Education Activities in Areas Allied With Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal