tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HGG-12. IMPACT OF THE ADDITION OF VINORELBINE TO TEMOZOLOMIDE IN THE FIRST-LINE TREATMENT OF PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMAS
Authors: Martina Rousseau, Maria Luigia Censullo, Silvia Farina, Carla Fonte, Milena Guidi, Lorenzo Genitori, Iacopo Sardi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are represented primarily by anaplastic astrocytomas (AA, WHO-grade III) and glioblastomas (GBM, WHO-grade IV). Despite advances in treatments, the outcome is similar between children and adults, with a 5-year OS less than 20%. Consolidated treatment includes surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy associated with temozolomide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We considered 19 HGG patients admitted to our department to receive therapy between May 2012 and December 2014. Patients were enrolled in a temozolomide/vinorelbine chemotherapy protocol consisting of focal radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy (6 weeks) with vinorelbine (20 mg/sqm i.v weekly) and temozolomide (75 mg/sqm i.o daily). The adjuvant phase consisted in 12 months of treatment with chemotherapy with vinorelbine 30 mg/sqm i.v. days 1 and 14 and temozolomide 150 mg/sqm i.o. days 1–5 every 28 days. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 10 years. Six patients (31,6%) had GBM and thirteen (68,4%) an AA. According to localization, 15 tumors (78.9%) were sovratentorial e and 4 (21.1%) were infratentorial. Radical surgery was performed in seven patients. Six patients (26,3%) had a disease progression during the adjuvant phase. One patient died after radiotherapy. One patient was lost during follow-up. Median follow-up was 41.1 months. At time of analysis 11 patients were still alive and without evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: The combination of vinorelbine/temozolomide seems to be safe, without significant adverse events for treatment of aggressive gliomas of pediatric age. Adjuvant chemotherapy is crucial for a better outcome. At 50 months of follow-up 6 patients are alive and without evidence of disease. There is no significant difference, either in PFS than in OS, between AA and GBM.
Pyridoxine is not effective for the prevention of hand foot syndrome (HFS) associated with capecitabine therapy: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: S. Lee, S. Lee, Y. Chun, M. Kim, H. Chang, T. Kim, M. Ryu, J. Lee, J. Lee, Y. Kang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

9007 Introduction: Although pyridoxine has been used empirically for the prevention of HFS associated with capecitabine, its efficacy has not been proven yet. We performed a prospective randomized double-blind study to determine whether pyridoxine can prevent the development of HFS when given concurrently with capecitabine. Method: Chemotherapy-naive patients (pts) with gastrointestinal tract cancers who were going to have capecitabine-containing chemotherapy were randomized to receive either oral pyridoxine (200 mg/day) or placebo daily during chemotherapy after stratified by chemotherapy regimen: 1) capecitabine alone, 2) capecitabine and cisplatin, or 3) docetaxel, capecitabine, and cisplatin. The patients were observed until grade 2 or 3 HFS (by NCI CTC version 2.0) developed or capecitabine containing chemotherapy ended. When grade 2 or 3 HFS developed in pts in placebo group, the pts were randomized again to receive either pyridoxine or placebo for next cycle of chemotherapy in order to determine whether pyridoxine could improve the HFS. Result: From Jun 2004 to Oct 2005, total 389 pts were entered onto the study. But, 29 pts (15 in placebo group and 14 in pyridoxine group) were excluded from the study because of ineligibility or pts’ refusal. Pts’ characteristics were well balanced between the 2 groups. Grade 2 or 3 HFS developed in 55 of 180 (30.6%) pts in placebo group and in 57 of 180 (31.7%) pts in pyridoxine group. (p=0.788) The median cycles of chemotherapy to grade 2 or 3 HFS was 3 in both groups. The mean cumulative dose of capecitabine until occurrence of grade 2 or 3 HFS was not different statistically between the two groups. (221,157.5 mg/m 2 vs. 259,808.5 mg/m 2 , p=0.788). Total 44 of 55 pts in placebo group who had grade 2 or 3 HFS were randomized to receive either placebo or pyridoxine at next cycle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of pts with improvement of HFS (43% vs 48%, p=0.94). Conclusion: These results indicated that pyridoxine is not effective for the prevention of HFS associated with capecitabine therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Incorrect Units of Measurement.
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indirubins: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Tina Bagratuni, Nicolas Gaboriad-Kolar, Roubini Zakopoulou, Vassilios Myrianthopoulos, Efstathios Kastritis, Evangelos Terpos, Emmanuel Mikros, Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis, Meletios A Dimopoulos
Journal: Blood (2016)
Obituaries
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pelvic Endometriosis
Authors: Howard Ulfelder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ENDOMETRIOSIS is more frequently encountered today than heretofore. Its various manifestations and behavior are often the subject of comment and speculation. No completely satisfactory explanation of its etiology has been proposed, although several attractive theories have their ardent supporters. My own particular concern at this writing, however, is the treatment of the disease. More often than not, the decision in this matter must be made in the operating room, with neither patient nor surgeon prepared for the diagnosis. When the disease is extensive and has resulted in scarring and adherence of the pelvic viscera, either a small area is frequently . . .
Commentary
Authors: Giles D Warrington
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

During the 1997 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron World Junior Rowing Championships, anthropometric data on 383 male junior rowers were assessed.With 430 participating athletes, the sample represented 89% of the population.In addition to age, 27 dimensions were measured: body mass, six heights or lengths, four breadths, 10 girths, and six skinfolds.The elite male junior rowers were tall (187.4 (5.8) cm; mean (SD)) and heavy (82.2 (7.4) kg), with larger length, breadth, and girth dimensions than a nationally representative sample of Belgian boys of the same chronological age.A rowing specific anthropometric profile chart with norms was constructed.The stature of the junior rowers is similar to that of adult heavyweight elite rowers, except that the junior rowers are lighter.Compared with non-finalists, finalists are heavier (but still lighter than the adult heavyweight elite rower) and taller, with greater length, breadth (except for the bicristal diameter), and girth dimensions.
From the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
Authors: J. J. Clinton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Genetic Effects of Environmental Agents
Authors: Edmond A. Murphy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The fundamental problems in population monitoring for genetic effects are twofold: the binomialized nature of the data and the lower power due to small risk of finding positive results. The binomial character is artificial, even forced, and can with advantage be replaced by more refined analysis, and by a focus on all mutations, not merely harmful ones. Moreover, a binomial treatment ignores accessory information (birth order, clustering, etc.). But this objective requires that an explicit model be used instead of nonparametric methods; a cancer may represent multiple independent hits that should be separately scored; sequencing of a codon or its product may show multiple distinct changes.
AUSCULTATION OF HEAD AND NECK
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum albumin level and physical disability as predictors of mortality in older persons
Authors: M. C. Corti
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To study the relationship between serum albumin level and all-cause mortality in an elderly population and to evaluate the role of albumin level in combination with physical disability status in predicting mortality. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study with a mean follow-up of 3.7 years. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Three communities: East Boston, Mass, New Haven, Conn, and Iowa and Washington counties, Iowa. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 1486 men and 2630 women aged 71 years and older who consented to have blood drawn. <h3>Results.</h3> —During follow-up, 447 men and 488 women died. In both sexes, there was a graded increase in mortality rate with decreasing albumin level. After adjusting for age, race, education, chronic conditions, and disability status, hypoalbuminemia (&lt;35 g/L) was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in comparison with the reference group (ie, those with albumin levels greater than 43 g/L) (men: relative risk [RR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.1; women: RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.5 to 5.5). Among those with albumin levels in the range usually considered normal (35 g/L to 50 g/L), there was a graded increase in mortality risk from the highest normal to the lowest normal groups. For women, results were similar in separate analyses that considered deaths occurring during the first year and 1 year or more after baseline, while for men the relationship decreased after 1 year. Lower albumin level was associated with an elevated risk of mortality for all categories of causes of death. A 15-level measure that characterized participants according to albumin level and disability status demonstrated that mortality increased with decreasing albumin level and increasing disability level. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Serum albumin level is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in older persons. A combined measure of albumin and disability reveals a strong gradient in mortality risk and may serve as a simple but useful index of frailty that can identify a high-risk group of older men and women who could be targeted for preventive and treatment efforts. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1036-1042)
Peter Huttenlocher
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Much of our current understanding of actin-driven phenotypes in eukaryotes has come from the “yeast to human” opisthokont lineage, as well as the related amoebozoa. Outside of these groups lies the genus <i>Naegleria</i>, which diverged from humans over a billion years ago, and includes the deadly “brain-eating amoeba.” Unlike nearly every other known eukaryotic cell type, <i>Naegleria</i> amoebae are thought to lack cytoplasmic microtubules. The absence of microtubules suggests that these amoebae rapidly crawl and phagocytose bacteria using actin alone. Although this makes <i>Naegleria</i> a powerful system to probe actin-driven functions in the absence of microtubules, surprisingly little is known about <i>Naegleria</i>’s actin cytoskeleton. Here, we use microscopy and genomic analysis to show that <i>Naegleria</i> amoebae have an extensive actin cytoskeletal repertoire, complete with nucleators and nucleation promoting factors. <i>Naegleria</i> use this cytoskeletal machinery to generate Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions, which correlate with the capacity to migrate and phagocytose bacteria. Because human cells also use Arp2/3-dependent lamellar protrusions for motility and phagocytosis, this work supports an evolutionarily ancient origin for these actin-driven processes and establishes <i>Naegleria</i> as a natural model system for studying microtubule-independent cytoskeletal phenotypes.
PTU-127 Efficacy of Linaclotide in Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Routine Clinical Practice: A Multicentre Experience
Authors: J Shearer, P Paine, A Rej, A Agrawal, AC Ford
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is a common and difficult disorder to manage. Linaclotide is licensed in the UK for symptomatic treatment of moderate to severe IBS-C. Data from randomised, controlled trials demonstrate that the drug improves symptoms in patients with IBS-C, but real-world data are lacking. <h3>Methods</h3> We treated adult patients with IBS-C (Rome III Criteria), attending outpatient clinics in three UK hospitals, with linaclotide 290 mcg once daily. IBS symptoms were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after commencing therapy using the validated IBS symptom severity scale (IBS-SSS). Responders were defined as those patients with a decrease in total IBS-SSS score of &gt;75. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 108 patients (mean age 43.2; range 17–84 years; 94 (87.0%) female) received linaclotide. In total, 4 week IBS-SSS scores were available for 72 (66.7%) patients, and 12 weeks scores in 26 (24.1%) patients. Effect of linaclotide on individual components of the IBS-SSS, as well as total IBS-SSS score, at 4 and 12 weeks are detailed in Table 1. There were 49 (45.4%) patients who responded to linaclotide, with a reduction in IBS-SSS of &gt;75 at 4 weeks. The drug also led to a significant reduction in straining (3.9 at baseline vs. 2.0 at 4 weeks, P &lt; 0.001), and increase in mean number of stools per week (3.8 at baseline vs. 8.9 at 4 weeks, P &lt; 0.001). At 4 weeks, 61 (56.5%) patients continued the drug and 47 (43.5%) discontinued, 24 (22.2%) due to lack of efficacy or losses to follow-up, and 23 (21.3%) due to adverse events (AEs). Among the 61 patients continuing linaclotide, 22 (36.1%) were responders at 12 weeks. AEs occurred in 43 (39.8%) patients overall, which lead to discontinuation of the drug in 23 (21.3%) patients either before or at their 4 week assessment. These included diarrhoea in 28 (25.9%) (15 discontinued), abdominal pain in 6 (5.6%) (5 discontinued), nausea in 3 (2.8%) (1 discontinued), flatulence in 2 (1 discontinued), headaches in 2 (0 discontinued), faecal incontinence in 1 (1 discontinued), and urgency in 1 (0 discontinued). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Linaclotide was effective in IBS-C patients in a real-world setting, with significant reductions in IBS-SSS scores and straining, and a significant increase in mean number of stools per week. Responder rates at 4 and 12 weeks were 45% and 36% respectively. 40% of patients reported AEs, with diarrhoea the commonest, occurring in 26% of patients. Previous literature has reported a lower frequency of AEs, which infrequently led to withdrawal of linaclotide. However, in our study the occurrence of AEs led to discontinuation in 21% of patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
SP0171 How to select the most appropriate capillaroscopic device: pros and cons
Authors: F Ingegnoli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Nailfold capillaroscopy is a simple noninvasive imaging technique mainly used to observe capillaries within the first few micrometers from the skin surface. After application of a drop of immersion oil, capillaries can be observed with a magnification lens because they run parallel to the epidermis at the nail bed area. The study of the morphology of superficial nailfold capillaries provides clinically relevant information in the management of patients with scleroderma-spectrum diseases. Recently, an international survey on non-invasive techniques to assess the microcirculation performed under the aegis of members of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Study Group on Microcirculation in Rheumatic diseases (SG_MC/RD) showed that nailfold capillaroscopy was the one most used technique in both clinical and research settings by adult physicians and paediatric rheumatologists to assess patients with Raynaud9s phenomenon. A number of different instruments are available to perform the exam. They have different characteristics in terms of their cost, quality of images, magnifications, training period, portability, software for image analysis and storage. Some of these instruments can be used both in clinical and research settings such as the stereomicroscope and the videocapillaroscope. The stereomicroscope allows the widefield visualization of the nailfold with low magnifications, the training is relatively short, but the examination is difficult to perform in patients with digital flexion contractures. There appears to be consensus regarding the use of videocapillaroscopy that allows a detailed visualisation of capillary morphology using higher magnifications (100–300x). Contact probe with polarized light microscopy permits easier observation of the skin surface, and the training period is briefer. Specific softwares are available for images analysis, storage, and complete medical reports (text + images) can be produced. By contrast, in a clinical setting, nailfold capillaries can generally be visualised using more simple but also efficient tools such as a dermatoscope, USB microscope, ophtamloscope or smartphone device. The quality of images can be quite good, although the lower magnification means that some details are unlikely to be seen, and they often lack the possibility of image storage and measurement. In particular, the dermatoscope with magnification of the order of x10 is a small, inexpensive and easily portable piece of equipment that has been suggested to be comparable to videocapillaroscopy in routine clinical practice. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Carbon monoxide yield of cigarettes
Authors: K. Ball
Journal: BMJ (1980)

was particularly marked in one patient, who had been following an intensive endurance training programme for several years.On pindolol he was unable to complete his training programme and complained of an insatiable apetite, presumably owing to low blood glucose levels.On metoprolol these changes were not apparent.Similar differences in terms of working capacity have also been shown by Fellenius et al2 between the non-selective betablocker propranolol and metoprolol.Fatigue is a commonly encountered problem in patients treated with beta-blockers.On the basis of these findings it would appear that in these circumstances the predominantly cardioselective beta-blocker metoprolol may be preferable since it would appear to have less effect on energy metabolism during physical stress.