tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autophagy: Basic Principles and Relevance to Disease
Authors: Mondira Kundu, Craig B. Thompson
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2006)

Autophagy is a process by which cytoplasmic components are sequestered in double membrane vesicles and degraded upon fusion with lysosomal compartments. In yeast, autophagy is activated in response to changes in the extracellular milieu. Depending upon the stimulus, autophagy can degrade cytoplasmic contents nonspecifically or can target the degradation of specific cellular components. Both of these have been adopted in higher eukaryotes and account for the expanding role of autophagy in various cellular processes, as well as contribute to the variation in cellular outcomes after induction of autophagy. In some cases, autophagy appears to be an adaptive response, whereas under other circumstances it is involved in cell death. In mammals, autophagy has been implicated in either the pathogenesis or response to a wide variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disease, chronic bacterial and viral infections, atherosclerosis, and cancer. As the basic molecular pathways that regulate autophagy are elucidated, the relationship of autophagy to the pathogenesis of various disease states emerges.
Receptor Mechanisms and Dose-Response Models for the Effects of Dioxins
Authors: George W. Lucier, Christopher J. Portier, Michael A. Gallo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

There is increasing evidence that receptor-mediated events impact one or more stages responsible for tumor development in experimental animals and humans. Although many chemicals and endogenous hormones require receptor interactions as a necessary event in their carcinogenic activity, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its structural analogs are the most visible examples of receptor-mediated carcinogens. TCDD, or dioxin as it is frequently called, interacts with the Ah receptor (AhR), which functions in a manner analogous to receptors for steroids. TCDD produces a wide spectrum of biochemical and toxic responses in in vitro and in vivo systems, and the Ah receptor is generally considered necessary for most if not all of these responses. Risk assessments for dioxin made by the United States and other countries throughout the world have been based on its carcinogenecity in experimental animals. Recently, epidemiology studies have indicated that TCDD is a human carcinogen at high doses. Because TCDD appears to be acting like a potent and persistent hormone agonist, it appears reasonable to incorporate mechanistic information on receptor-mediated events in risk assessments for TCDD. This information may be obtained from steroid receptor action and from molecular data on the Ah receptor. In this paper, we evaluate the scientific foundation on which mechanistic models for estimating dioxin's risks should be based. These models need to recognize the mechanisms possible for the diversity of biological responses that are initiated by a single receptor interacting with a single ligand. The U.S. EPA is currently reevaluating dioxin's risks by examining the possibility of developing biologically based models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Revue Médicale de Liège
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progress in Allergy. Vol VII.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Facilities for Indigent Patients
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rheumatic fever following streptococcal vaccination. Report of three cases
Authors: B. F. Massell
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Twenty-one healthy siblings of patients with rheumatic fever were vaccinated with a type 3 streptococcal M protein. During and following vaccination these children experienced 18 group-A streptococcal infections (none type 3) with a rise in antistreptolysin O titer. Two infections were followed by definite rheumatic fever and one by probable rheumatic fever. This high rate contrasts with the observation of five cases of rheumatic fever in 447 similar streptococcal infections in nonvaccinated siblings. This experience necessitates giving consideration to the possibility that streptococcal vaccination of children may alter their tissue response to subsequent streptococcal infection. Most importantly, this experience indicates the need for extreme caution in the use of streptococcal Vaccines in human subjects.
Endobronchial metastasis from the uterine cervix. Presentation as primary lung abscess
Authors: T. E. King
Journal: JAMA (1979)

METASTASIS to a central airway occurs in only 2% to 5% of patients dying of solid tumors of extrathoracic origin.<sup>1,2</sup>That these tumor metastases can produce clinical and roentgenographic features indistinguishable from those of primary lung cancer is not widely appreciated. Renal and colorectal carcinomas are the most common extrathoracic tumors that metastasize to the bronchus, but other reported cases of tumors with endobronchial metastases include those of the pancreas, adrenal gland, testis, thyroid, ovary, uterus, and breast, and malignant melanoma, fibrosarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma. A patient with cervical uterine cancer experienced the first manifestation of a cancer recurrence as the symptomatic and roentgenographic appearance of endobronchial obstruction of a major central airway. These chest examination findings mimicked a primary lung cancer. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old, gravida 4, para 4 woman complained in May 1977 of a persistent, dry, hacking cough of six weeks' duration and the
Abstract 1271: IKKβ/NF-κB Pathway Protects Hearts from Hemodynamic Stress Mediated through Regulating MnSOD Expression
Authors: Shungo Hikoso, Kinya Otsu, Osamu Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Takeda, Masayuki Taniike, Atsuko Nakai, Shigemiki Ohmiya, Isamu Mizote, Yasushi Matsumura, Kazuhiko Nishida, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: We have previously reported that NF-κB contributes to GPCR agonist-induced hypertrophy in cultured cardiomyocytes. However, the in vivo role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling remains to be elucidated. Although IκB kinase β (IKKβ)/NF-κB pathway is a major negative regulator of cell death, it can sensitize cells to death-inducing stimuli in some instances, thus it can be either anti- or pro-apoptotic. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of IKKβ/NF-κB signaling in cardiac remodeling using cardiac-specific IKKβ deficient mice. Methods and Results: We crossed mice bearing an IKK β flox allele with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the myosin light chain 2v promoter ( MLC2v-Cre +/− ) to generate IKK β flox/flox ; MLC2v-Cre +/− mice (conditional knockout:CKO). Then, CKO mice (n=14) and control littermates bearing IKK β flox/flox (CTRL, n=14) were subjected to pressure overload by means of transverse aortic constriction (TAC). EMSA analysis revealed NF-κB DNA binding activity after TAC had attenuated in CKO hearts. One week after TAC, echocardiography showed significantly lower left ventricular fractional shortening (26.9±2.7% vs. 41.4±0.9%, p&lt;0.01), and higher left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (4.02±0.14 mm vs. 3.47±0.08 mm, p&lt;0.01) and lung weight/body weight ratio (11.1±1.4 vs. 5.5±0.1, p&lt;0.01) in CKO mice compared with CTRL mice, indicating the development of heart failure in CKO mice. Number of apoptotic cells had increased in CKO hearts after TAC, suggesting that the enhanced apoptosis is a cause for heart failure. The expression levels of MnSOD mRNA and protein after TAC, which is one of NF-κB target genes, were significantly lower in CKO than those in CTRL mice. As a consequence, oxidative stress and JNK activation in CKO hearts after TAC had significantly increased compared with those in CTRL heart, suggesting that increased oxidative stress and enhanced JNK activity resulted in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in CKO hearts. Conclusion: These results show that IKKβ/NF-κB pathway in cardiomyocyte plays a protective role mediated through attenuation of oxidative stress and JNK activation in response to pressure overload.
Latest AMA Actions on Work Hours
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) Guidelines for Bone Marrow Aspirate Reduce the Diagnostic Rate of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Iolanda Vincelli, Esther Natalie Oliva, Francesca Ronco, Patrizia Cufari, Bianca Oliva, Valentina Gatto, Carmelo Laganà, Maria Grazia D'Errigo, Francesco Nobile
Journal: Blood (2010)
Comparison of throat culture methods for the recovery of group A streptococci in a pediatric office setting
Authors: O. F. Roddey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare a single-plate method for the recovery of group A streptococci with other methods that have recently been reported as being significantly more sensitive. <h3>Design.</h3> —Throat swabs were allowed to dry for 2 to 6 hours before inoculating 5% sheep blood agar plates. Stabs were made into the agar, bacitracin disks were placed on the primary plates, and the cultures were incubated aerobically. Using duplicate throat swabs, the recovery rates of the above method were compared with the following ones: a carbon dioxide—enhanced incubation atmosphere, an anaerobic atmosphere with a selective blood agar medium, and a Todd-Hewitt broth medium. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A five-pediatrician office. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 301 pediatric patients with pharyngitis were evaluated using all comparative methods. In addition, duplicate swabs from 590 pediatric patients were compared with each other using the same single-plate method. <h3>Results.</h3> —There were no significant differences between any of the methods. The sensitivity of the single-plate method compared with selective plates incubated anaerobically was 96%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In a pediatric office setting, a single-plate method using aerobic incubation was adequately sensitive for the recovery of group A β-hemolytic streptococci. Transport medium, selective medium, carbon dioxide enhancement, and anaerobic incubation did not significantly improve recovery. The present federal regulations that restrict the use of nonselective media and bacitracin disks on primary plates should be reevaluated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1863-1865)
American Journal of Proctology, New York
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In this issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Gallium: a new antibacterial agent?New antibacterial strategies are needed because an increasing proportion of bacterial infections are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and because antibiotics are not effective at eradicating chronic bacterial infections.The approach taken by Kaneko and colleagues was to combat bacteria by imposing on them an environment in which they cannot survive, an environment in which their access to Fe, which is critical for growth, is limited (pages 877-888).The presence of Ga, which is chemically similar to Fe, in culture medium inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, even multidrug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from individuals with cystic fibrosis.Ga also prevented P. aeruginosa from forming biofilms, the multicellular bacterial communities responsible for chronic bacterial infections, and killed both free-living bacteria and bacteria in biofilms.Furthermore, inhalation of Ga protected mice from both acute and chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections.As Ga is already FDA approved for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy, these data suggest that Ga might be a promising new therapeutic for the treatment of infection with P. aeruginosa.
The portal pressure-reducing effect of beta-blockade is greater in cirrhotics without varices than in those with varices Escorsell A, Ferayorni L, Garc�a-Pag�n JC, Garc�a-Tsao G, Grace N, Bosch J, Groszmann RJ and the Prevention of Varices Study Group. Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona; Yale University and West Haven VA, CT; Tufts University, Boston, MA; Royal Free Hospital, London
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
The renal scan as an aid in percutaneous renal biopsy
Authors: S. Baum
Journal: JAMA (1966)

By means of a renal scan made with chlormerodrin Hg 197, the kidneys are outlined on the skin of the patient's back; the outlines are projections of the kidneys on the skin. After such identification, percutaneous renal biopsies were successful in six out of seven attempts. If the patient has uremia, pyelograms often do not outline the kidneys properly. However, scintiscanning is usually successful even when blood urea nitrogen levels are greatly elevated.
Plasma thiamine levels with hemodialysis
Authors: T. Niwa
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> During hemodialysis, both metabolic products and useful biologic materials may be filtered away. We wish to report a study of possible thiamine loss during maintenance dialysis. Plasma was obtained from 13 patients with chronic renal failure who had been treated by dialysis two to three times weekly for 10 to 14 months at the Ogaki Municipal Hospital. They had been maintained with a diet of 40 calories and 1.5 gm of protein per kilogram of body weight with 5 gm of sodium chloride daily. Ten healthy individuals served as normal controls. Plasma total thiamine level was determined by the fluoroscopic method of Fujiwara (<i>Vitamin</i><b>9</b>:178, 1951). Plasma total thiamine level varied considerably from patient to patient (Table 1). Mean values in patient andcontrols were 25.1/μg ± 16.9μg/ deciliter and 15.2/μg ± 3.7μg/dl, respectively. The value tended to be elevated in the patients but the difference
How to Have a Baby: Techniques for Fertile Marriage
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human infection acquired in the laboratory
Authors: W. M. Hammon
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Occasionally the microbiologist becomes the unintentional subject of his own experiment. While these laboratory accidents are relatively infrequent and the dispersed population of laboratory workers tends to conceal the problem further, the number of infections that have been produced is not inconsiderable. A committee created in 1950 by the American Public Health Association (APHA) now has records<sup>1</sup>of over 2,700 cases of laboratory-acquired infections and 107 fatalities. <i>Science</i>recently carried a report<sup>2</sup>by a subcommittee of the American Committee on Arthropod-Borne Viruses (ACAV) concerning the particular hazard confronting individuals who handle this one group of viruses. A total of 428 cases of laboratory-acquired disease are reported to have occurred among these workers, and 16 of the individuals have died. This report holds particular significance not only for the large number of physicians and virologists normally engaged in infectious disease studies but also for many persons engaged in research
Incorrect Labels in Figure 2 Key
Authors: Josiah Rich, Eli Adashi
Journal: JAMA (2015)

It is encouraging to hear from Mr Silverman and colleagues that Indiana is taking some important steps toward a public health approach, but it is disheartening to hear that they have an uphill battle.The current efforts are limited in time, numbers of syringes distributed, and scope, hamstrung by requirements that an individual county prove it is facing an epidemic before allowing needle exchange, and threatened by calls to increase penalties for drugs.The stigma around drug use allows these efforts to be less than they should be, a problem that is not limited to one state or country.The ongoing ban on the use of federal funds to support needle exchange is a glaring example of bad public policy that should be changed.
COFFEE-BREAK CANTATA
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The now almost forgotten Bach's<i>Coffee Cantata</i>was, in its time, an eloquent musical protest against those who sought to dissuade women from drinking coffee. Many laymen and, allegedly, some doctors believed the beverage to be a cause of sterility. To be sure, this was not the first or last absurd notion entertained about coffee. Ever since its discovery in Ethiopia about one thousand years ago, coffee has provided many grounds for lively controversy. In Moslem lands, where the potable bean had enjoyed great popularity long before it became known in Europe, orthodox followers of Mahomet exhorted the faithful to shun it as one would an intoxicant. Similarly, in Europe, where the beverage was introduced during the 16th and 17th centuries, it provoked religious, political, and medical disputes. The conflicting attitudes were often mirrored in literature. While Ben Jonson disparaged coffee as "a loathsome poison—not yet understood, syrup of soot,