tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 315: Krüppel-like Factor 5 Promotes Vascular Remodeling in a Biphasic Manner by Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis and Stimulating Cell Growth
Authors: Daigo Sawaki, Toru Suzuki, Kenichi Aizawa, Takayoshi Matsumura, Nanae Kada, Yoshiko Mizuno, Yoshiko Munemasa, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Vascular remodeling is characterized by cell proliferation and/or apoptosis with further phenotypic change of vascular cells. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)s, in particular, play a major role in the proliferative process such as neointimal formation and restenosis after angioplasty. In deciphering the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in cardiovascular remodeling, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was originally isolated as a regulatory factor of phenotypically modulated VSMCs. Past studies collectively have shown that KLF5 can induce cell growth pathologically in non-cardiovascular cells. However, how KLF5 contributes to vascular remodeling, notably its effects on apoptosis in the vascular lesion, had yet to be addressed. In the present study, we have aimed to address the effects of KLF5 not only on VSMC growth but also on apoptosis in vascular remodeling. Methods&amp;Results: We performed adenoviral overexpression of KLF5 and other related factors after rat carotid balloon injury. In the early phase (48 hours after injury), KLF5 administered animals showed significantly decreased TUNEL positive cells in the medial layer. In the chronic phase (14 days after injury), apoptotic cells were recognized neither in the KLF5 animals nor in the others. While, neointimal formation and PCNA labeling index significantly increased in the KLF5 animals. Rat VSMCs transfected with KLF5 showed marked increase in cell proliferation and BrdU uptake. Additionally, cleavage of caspase-3 recognized in the quiescent VSMCs was attenuated after transfection of KLF5. Even under apoptotic stimulation using anisomysin, KLF5 overexpression resulted in significant inhibition of apoptosis induction. Further, KLF5 up-regulated gene expression of cell cycle factors such as cyclin D1, and conversely, knockdown of KLF5 by RNA interference showed down-regulation of cyclin D1 and impairment of VSMC proliferation. Conclusion: These findings taken together suggest that KLF5 plays a central role in VSMC proliferative pathologies such as vascular remodeling through biphasic contribution; inhibition of apoptosis and growth stimulation. Therapeutic intervention targeted against KLF5 may be potentially exploitable for VSMC proliferative pathology.
Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Claude E. Welch, Ronald A. Malt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

ColonColonoscopyOne of the important uses for colonoscopy is to detect the source of rectal bleeding when the results of a barium enema examination and a rigid sigmoidoscopy are normal. Among 306 patients at the Cleveland Clinic who had rectal bleeding,112 probable sources were found in 30 per cent, including polyps over 0.5 cm in diameter in 14 per cent and cancer in 8 per cent. One hundred five patients also had diverticulosis, which in the absence of colonoscopy would have been assumed to be the source of the bleeding. In 10 per cent of the cases the cecum . . .
DIURNAL CHANGES IN BODY TEMPERATURE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The injured self, addiction, and our call to medicine. Understanding and managing addicted physicians
Authors: E. J. Khantzian
Journal: JAMA (1985)

OUR CALL as physicians to the profession of medicine involves complex motives. It is probably safe to say, however, that for most of us, making people healthier, taking care of patients, or repairing them plays some part. As we attend to the injuries and dysfunctions of our patients, we also attend to our own. The healing traditions constantly challenge us and our patients to address the need for restoration and well-being. I believe that most physicians are motivated by idealism and commitment in choosing medicine, and that our choice is rooted in a desire to offer comfort and care to others. In fact, much of our stress and burdens, as well as our satisfactions, derive from this deeper personal and professional meaning in our lives. The substance-dependent physician is a casualty of life's human challenges and the special challenges of the profession of medicine. Addiction can best be understood, I
PAPILLEDEMA AND RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Journal: BMJ (2014)

included in the meta-analysis, the authors inadvertently used data for women only rather than for the whole population.They have re-run their analyses using the correct hazard ratio for overall mortality of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.01) for 100 g/day fruit consumption.The revised pooled hazard ratio for all cause mortality should be 0.94 (0.89 to 0.98; P=0.006) for an increment of one serving of fruit a day, which is almost identical to that reported in the paper (0.94, 0.90 to 0.98; P=0.002) and hence does not affect the conclusions.
Long-Term Survival After Mitral Valve Replacement in Children Aged &lt;5 Years
Authors: Christopher A. Caldarone, Geetha Raghuveer, Christine B. Hills, Dianne L. Atkins, Trudy L. Burns, Douglas M. Behrendt, James H. Moller
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Short- and long-term outcomes after prosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children aged &lt;5 years are ill-defined and generally perceived as poor. The experience of the Pediatric Cardiac Care Consortium (45 centers, 1982 to 1999) was reviewed. Methods and Results MVR was performed 176 times on 139 patients. Median follow-up was 6.2 years (range 0 to 20 years, 96% complete). Age at initial MVR was 1.9±1.4 years. Complications after initial MVR included heart block requiring pacemaker (16%), endocarditis (6%), thrombosis (3%), and stroke (2%). Patient survival was as follows: 1 year, 79%; 5 years, 75%; and 10 years, 74%. The majority of deaths occurred early after initial MVR, with little late attrition despite repeat MVR and chronic anticoagulation. Among survivors, the 5-year freedom from reoperation was 81%. Age-adjusted multivariable predictors of death include the presence of complete atrioventricular canal (hazard ratio 4.76, 95% CI 1.59 to 14.30), Shone’s syndrome (hazard ratio 3.68, 95% CI 1.14 to 11.89), and increased ratio of prosthetic valve size to patient weight (relative risk 1.77 per mm/kg increment, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.97). Age- and diagnosis-adjusted prosthetic size/weight ratios predicted a 1-year survival of 91% for size/weight ratio 2, 79% for size/weight ratio 3, 61% for size/weight ratio 4, and 37% for size/weight ratio 5. Conclusions Early mortality after MVR can be predicted on the basis of diagnosis and the size/weight ratio. Late mortality is low. These data can assist in choosing between MVR and alternative palliative strategies.
Reply
Authors: Y Haga
Journal: Gut (1996)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Structural and transcriptional changes during early brain maturation follow fixed developmental programs defined by genetics. However, whether this is true for functional network activity remains unknown, primarily due to experimental inaccessibility of the initial stages of the living human brain. Here, we developed cortical organoids that spontaneously display periodic and regular oscillatory network events that are dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. These nested oscillations exhibit cross-frequency coupling, proposed to coordinate neuronal computation and communication. As evidence of potential network maturation, oscillatory activity subsequently transitioned to more spatiotemporally irregular patterns, capturing features observed in preterm human electroencephalography (EEG). These results show that the development of structured network activity in the human neocortex may follow stable genetic programming, even in the absence of external or subcortical inputs. Our approach provides novel opportunities for investigating and manipulating the role of network activity in the developing human cortex. <h3>HIGHLIGHTS</h3> Early development of human functional neural networks and oscillatory activity can be modeled <i>in vitro</i>. Cortical organoids exhibit phase-amplitude coupling between delta oscillation (2 Hz) and high-frequency activity (100-400 Hz) during network-synchronous events. Differential role of glutamate and GABA in initiating and maintaining oscillatory network activity. Developmental impairment of MECP2-KO cortical organoids impacts the emergence of oscillatory activity. Cortical organoid network electrophysiological signatures correlate with human preterm neonatal EEG features. <h3>eTOC</h3> Brain oscillations are a candidate mechanism for how neural populations are temporally organized to instantiate cognition and behavior. Cortical organoids initially exhibit periodic and highly regular nested oscillatory network events that eventually transition to more spatiotemporally complex activity, capturing features of late-stage preterm infant electroencephalography. Functional neural circuitry in cortical organoids exhibits emergence and development of oscillatory network dynamics similar to those found in the developing human brain.
Oral Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: W. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting</h3> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and infectious disease hospitals in three Chinese provinces. <h3>Participants</h3> Sample of 1100 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). <h3>Interventions</h3> We recruited 1100 PLWHA to evaluate their quality of life (QOL) using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF. Of these participants, 57 were randomly selected to repeat the QOL evaluation 2 weeks later. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The reliability of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF was assessed in terms of its internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The construct, concurrent, convergent, discriminant and known-group validity were also analysed. In addition, the factorial invariance across genders was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Cronbach’s α coefficient for the overall scale was 0.93. Except for the spirituality domain, which had an α below 0.70 (0.66), the other five domains showed adequate internal consistency. The test–retest reliability revealed a statistically significant intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.72–0.82 (p&lt;0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis found that the six-domain structure produced an acceptable fit to the data. The instrument showed factorial invariance across gender groups. All domains were significantly correlated with the general items and the SF-36 (p&lt;0.01). The correlation coefficients were &gt;0.40 (r=0.40–0.67), except for the association between the spirituality domain and two general items (QOL: r=0.33; health status: r=0.36). Subjects with lower CD4 counts had lower scores for all domains (p&lt;0.05). Symptomatic participants had significantly lower scores than asymptomatic participants on the physical, psychological and independence domains (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The WHOQOL-HIV BREF revealed good psychometric characteristics among Chinese PLWHA. These findings offer promising support for the use of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF as a measure of QOL among Chinese PLWHA and in cross-cultural comparative studies on QOL.
Whirlpool-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections
Authors: P. Salmen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Three previously healthy outpatients had urinary tract infection caused by<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Investigation disclosed that all three patients had been exposed to whirlpool baths within 48 hours before the onset of symptoms.<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>was isolated from the whirlpool bath associated with each case. Whirlpool baths and spas are commonly contaminated with<i>Pseudomonas</i>and have in the past been associated with rash illness and folliculitis. In addition to these skin infections, our results indicate that whirlpool bath or spa exposure may be an emerging risk factor associated with<i>Pseudomonas</i>urinary tract infections among outpatients. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2025-2026)
Reply
Authors: Jinlin Hou, Nathaniel Brown, JiDong Jia
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We thank Dr. Ozaras and colleagues for their interest in our article. We agree that patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B frequently have low or fluctuating hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels; however, it is clinically desirable for all patients (HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative) to quickly achieve undetectable serum HBV DNA levels. The definition of virological response for HBeAg-negative patients in this trial protocol was based on several factors, including American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines in effect at the time of the trial initiation and similar guidances from the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA). Clinical trial analyses have indicated that, regardless of HBeAg status, most patients with active liver inflammation and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels will have serum HBV DNA levels exceeding 5-6 log10 copies/mL.1 Hence, the study enrollment criterion requiring HBV DNA levels greater than 6 log10 at entry was not felt to be too exclusionary for HBeAg-negative patients with active liver disease, and setting the virologic response threshold at 5 log10 copies/mL thereby required a meaningful HBV DNA response of 1 log or more. In addition, a composite serologic endpoint comprising HBV DNA suppression and ALT normalization has been used in several large clinical trials involving HBeAg-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B.2, 3 The primary efficacy endpoint, Therapeutic Response, conceptually combined both types of composite efficacy endpoints and captured the clinical efficacy desired in hepatitis B patients regardless of HBeAg status. In HBeAg-negative patients, the Therapeutic Response endpoint captures HBV DNA suppression and ALT normalization, the two serum parameters most often monitored in the clinic as measures of response to treatment.1, 2 We agree that with the advent of more sensitive assays, it would be relevant to examine in future trials the definition of virological response for HBeAg-negative patients. We also agree that caution is needed when comparing results from different clinical trials of HBV treatment and in this respect differences in trial designs are particularly relevant. Importantly, telbivudine is the only drug assessed in both HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patient populations for 2 years of continuous treatment, using intention-to-treat analyses.4 Jinlin Hou*, Nathaniel Brown , JiDong Jia , * Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
OPTIMAL VERSUS NORMAL CONDITIONS OF HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Small Gallstones and Pancreatitis *
Authors: Niels G. Venneman, Karel J. van Erpecum
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

In our recent HEPATOLOGY article, we found that patients with biliary pancreatitis exhibit more and smaller gallbladder stones, better postprandial gallbladder emptying, and faster cholesterol crystallization than patients with symptomatic but uncomplicated gallbladder stones.1 These findings may explain in part why some gallstone patients experience pancreatitis, whereas other gallstone patients never suffer from this potentially lethal complication. We hypothesize that small gallbladder stones may migrate into the common bile duct more easily than large stones, especially in cases of preserved gallbladder emptying. Also, excess cholesterol crystals (possibly secondary to increased biliary mucin levels) could be involved: in a rat model for pancreatitis, we found that adding cholesterol crystals to hydrophobic bile salt–containing model biles infused into biliopancreatic duct markedly enhances severity of the induced pancreatitis.2 In contrast to the suggestion in the letter by Costi et al., we do not propose that "patients with asymptomatic gallstones and/or preserved motility of the gallbladder undergo prophylactic cholecystectomy." Instead, we were careful to state that "potential benefit of prophylactic cholecystectomy in these patients remains to be elucidated."1 Although ideally this question should be answered in a prospective randomized study, such studies will probably not be performed in the near future. In a yet unpublished study, we therefore developed a Markov model to investigate potential effects of prophylactic cholecystectomy versus "wait and see" strategy. With the aid of Monte Carlo simulations, we calculated mortality as well as number of life-years gained or lost for a 10-year period in characteristic patients with asymptomatic small (diameter < 5 mm) gallbladder stones (5,000 patients, 67% females; age 45 years). We found that prophylactic cholecystectomy may cost more life-years than treatment according to "wait and see" strategy, depending on overall pancreatitis incidence (assumed to be 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, or 0.2%/year)3-5 and pancreatitis mortality (assumed to be 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10%).6-8 In 6 of 16 possible scenarios, mortality during 10 years' follow-up proved to be reduced, but only in 4 of 16 possible scenarios life-years were gained by prophylactic cholecystectomy, because surgical death occurs early, whereas gained lives occur later. Further data on incidence and subsequent mortality of pancreatitis (as well as other complications) in asymptomatic gallstone carriers are clearly needed, and further cost–benefit analyses with full-scale economic evaluations are required to determine total costs and potential benefits of prophylactic cholecystectomy versus "wait and see" strategy in the different scenarios. Niels G. Venneman*, Karel J. van Erpecum*, * Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Clinical Rheumatology
Authors: Charley J. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This concise textbook on arthritis and related connective-tissue diseases is a revised and updated edition by 12 faculty members of one of the leading departments of rheumatology in the United States. It was originally designed to supplement an intensive review course for general internists, but will serve well as an authoritative source for any student or practicing nonrheumatology physician or orthopedist who is seeking a brief introduction to the rapidly expanding field of rheumatology. The subjects presented have been carefully selected to provide the essential facts about the clinical presentations and laboratory procedures needed to establish a diagnosis and also the basic methods of management of each of the most commonly encountered types of rheumatic diseases. It should be stressed that this small volume is an elementary textbook or primer and does not cover any disease entity in depth. Major recent advances in knowledge of the rheumatic diseases include the