tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer: Then and Now.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Injection Treatment of Varicose Veins.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Helvetica Paediatrica Acta, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetics, Insurance
Authors: Maxwell J. Mehlman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rapid HIV Testing in Emergency Departments—Three U.S. Sites, January 2005–March 2006
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Approximately one fourth of the estimated 1 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are unaware that they are infected with HIV and at risk for transmitting the virus to others. In April 2003, CDC announced a new initiative, Advancing HIV Prevention: New Strategies for a Changing Epidemic, aimed at reducing barriers to early diagnosis of HIV infection and increasing access of persons infected with HIV to medical care and prevention services. A priority strategy of this initiative is to make HIV testing a routine part of medical care. In April 2004, HIV testing was implemented in one emergency department (ED) in Los Angeles, California, and one in New York, New York, to determine the feasibility and acceptability of offering rapid HIV testing as a routine part of health care in EDs. In January 2005, an ED in Oakland, California, also began offering HIV testing routinely. This report summarizes the preliminary results of integrating rapid HIV testing into the health-care services routinely offered in the three EDs during January 2005-March 2006. Those results indicated that, of 9,365 persons tested, 97 (1.0%) ED patients had newly diagnosed HIV infection, and 85 (88%) of those 97 were linked after diagnosis to HIV care and treatment. EDs should consider integrating rapid HIV testing into their routine medical services to identify patients who are unaware that they are infected with HIV and link them to health and prevention services.
Growth Hormone
Authors: H. R. Carchpole
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The news of growth hormone synthesis by two laboratories on the west side of San Francisco Bay (242:701, 1979) should surely prompt a flashback to events that took place on the east side of the bay some 60 years ago. Here, at the University of California (as it was then) in 1921, Herbert M. Evans, MD, and Joseph A. Long, PhD, were the first to prepare an extract "by the simple means of trituration of the anterior lobes of the bovine (pituitary) gland with sand, the addition of Locke's solution, and centrifugation. The opaque pink fluid was injected intraperitoneally into rats."<sup>1</sup>Results in less than three months led the investigators to announce that "an outspoken acceleration of growth had been induced." Evans and Miriam E. Simpson, MD, then began a systematic effort to find methods for the extraction and purification of the hormone. Evans died in
Daubert v Merrell Dow: scientific evidence in the courtroom
Authors: R. D. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their article, Dr Gold and colleagues<sup>1</sup>commend a recent Supreme Court decision that interpreted a Federal Rule of Evidence addressing the courtroom admissibility of scientific evidence. The authors portray the Court as striking an effective compromise between those seeking stringent standards of admissibility in order to prevent scientifically unproven testimony from being presented at trial and those arguing for looser standards in order that potentially valuable testimony not be excluded. One cannot fault the Court for its reasonable interpretation of a Federal Rule of Evidence that has been legislatively enacted. However, the rule itself as chronicled by Huber<sup>2</sup>appears to be part of a general trend replacing established concepts of causation with chains of causal elements extending through time and place. Courts can use discretion in placing the costs of injuries on various elements along the causal chain, at times supported by dubious economic
The Authors Reply
Authors: Steven G. Coca, Girish N. Nadkarni, Kinsuk Chauhan, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

We appreciate the suggestions by Hickson et al.1 for additional analysis by race and sex on plasma biomarkers and their association with renal outcomes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Disease (ACCORD) trial and the Veterans Affairs Nephropathy in Diabetes (VA NEPHRON-D) trial cohorts.2 We analyzed the differences in the distribution by race and sex, and we also analyzed whether there was effect modification of race and sex on the association between the biomarkers and the renal outcomes. There was no relationship between sex and concentrations of the three plasma biomarkers in the ACCORD cohort (Figure 1). There were only ten women of the 1156 participants in the VA NEPHRON-D cohort; thus, the sample size is too small to make inferences on sex differences. As shown in Figure 2, there were no differences in TNFR1 or TNFR2 by race in the VA NEPHRON-D cohort. There was no clear relationship between race and KIM-1 levels in the VA NEPHRON-D or the ACCORD cohorts.Figure 1.: There is no relationship between sex and the distribution of biomarkers in the ACCORD trial, stratified by outcome. Q, quartile.Figure 2.: Lower TNFR1 and TNFR2 concentrations in black participants in ACCORD, stratified by renal outcome. (A) shows no differences in TNFR1, TNFR2, or KIM-1 by race in the VA NEPHRON-D cohort. (B) shows the lower TNFR1 and TNFR2 in black participants in ACCORD, with no clear relationship in KIM-1 levels by race in ACCORD. Q, quartile.In contrast, TNFR1 was approximately 25%–30% lower in blacks in the ACCORD cohort, and TNFR2 was approximately 10%–17% lower in the ACCORD cohort (Figure 2). In a regression model containing black (versus other race), age, sex, eGFR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio, BP, medications (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker), glycemic arm, fibrates arm, and renal outcome status, the β-coefficient for black race for the linear outcome of log2 of TNFR1 levels was −0.24 (SEM=0.1; P=0.03), and it was −0.14 (SEM=0.1; P=0.09) for TNFR2 in the ACCORD cohort. Although there were some differences in the baseline biomarker values by race, there were no statistically significant interactions by race on the associations between the biomarkers and the kidney outcomes in the ACCORD and the VA NEPHRON-D cohorts. Thus, although there may be differing cutoffs of risk by race/ethnicity, the biomarkers are similarly prognostic for renal outcomes in all races. Determination of biomarker cutoffs/thresholds by race will require larger, multiethnic cohorts with longitudinal follow-up. Disclosures S.G.C. is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) grant R01DK096549. G.N.N. is supported by NIH/NIDDK grant K23DK107908. S.G.C., G.N.N., and C.R.P. are members and are supported in part by the Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarker Consortium (U01DK106962).
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Scan in the Diagnosis of Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma in a Patient with Increasing CEA Levels and Inconclusive Computed Tomographic Findings
Authors: MUNIR GHESANI, ARNOLD BELGRAIER, SOFIA HASNI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen and pelvis have limited value in the follow-up of patients after surgical resection of a colorectal carcinoma. The CEA scan is a Tc-99m-labeled anti-CEA antibody for gamma camera imaging in the assessment of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. The authors describe a patient with a history of sigmoid resection for carcinoma who was examined for hematuria. A CT scan showed a mass in the pelvis resulting from either scarring or recurrent tumor. The CEA scan showed a focus of increased uptake in the pelvis. Surgery confirmed the mass, an invasive, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma at the anastomotic site.
Harmful Intent
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>Harmful Intent</i>is a novel of suspense and fear. Does a review of such a book belong in<i>JAMA</i>? The answer is, yes. This is perhaps because, in an interesting way, this tale combines bits of medicine and its art, science, and social, ethical, and economic aspects. Robin Cook is a physician-writer and he knows whereof he writes. The story is fast paced and compelling. Dr Jeffrey Rhodes is an experienced anesthesiologist who works in a Boston-area hospital. Rhodes performs an epidural block on a 24-year-old woman in active labor. His patient experiences an immediate generalized tonic convulsion, a massive parasympathetic discharge, and in rapid order, a cardiac arrest and death. A malpractice suit quickly follows. Rhodes loses the case and because of suspicions that he had taken narcotics on the day of the mishap, he is promptly indicted for murder in the second degree. Convicted of this criminal charge,
Calcification of the aorta and osteoporosis. A roentgenographic study
Authors: R. Boukhris
Journal: JAMA (1972)

X-ray films of 589 persons studied to determine the relationship between osteoporosis and calcification of the abdominal aorta showed the prevalence of osteoporosis to be 24.1%, being highest in white females (39.2%). White females had a greater prevalence than black females, and white males more than black males. In contrast to white males, in whom osteoporosis became common after the age of 55 years, white females demonstrated a high frequency a decade earlier. The prevalence of patients with calcification of the abdominal aorta was 20.2%, the highest being in white females (28%). Statistical analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the two conditions. The association is present also after the effects of age have been removed statistically. Perhaps the loss of calcium from bone which occurs in osteoporosis predisposes to calcification of the abdominal aorta.
Abstract 15107: Long-Term Treatment With Sitagliptin Provides Multiple Ultrasonic-Evaluated Antiatherosclerotic Effects Independent of Diabetic Improvement for Type-2 Diabetics
Authors: Tatsuaki Murakami, Sumio Mizuno
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is thought to be highly involved in complex atherothrombogenic processes, but the long-term antiatherosclerotic therapies in patients with type-2 DM have not been established. Hypothesis: Therefore we assessed hypothesis long-term treatment sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently developed antidiabetic agent, chronically inhibits atherosclerotic progression in patients with type-2 DM. Methods: Thirty-two type-2 diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease were randomized to group-S where they received sitagliptin (50mg/day), or to group-C where they received enhanced antidiabetic therapy without a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for 2 years. We quantified flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation of right brachial artery after 5 minutes forearm occlusion (BFMD), and intima-media thickness of brachial artery (BIMT) using high-resolution ultrasonography. We also quantified intima-media thickness of common carotid artery (CIMT) using high-resolution ultrasonography. Changes in BFMD, BIMT, and CIMT were compared between the two study groups. Results: Group-S (n=16) manifested good compliance to the long-term treatment and improvements in diabetic and lipid variables represented by HbA1c and LDL after long-term medication of sitagliptin, while there were no improvements in group-C. BFMD (%) improved after medication in group-S (from 3.9±1.8 to 6.4±2.6, p&lt;0.01) and BIMT (mm) decreased in group-SG (from 0.35±0.10 to 0.32±0.11, p=0.03), while both remained unchanged in group-C (BFMD; from 4.1±2.0 to 4.1±1.9, p=0.88, BIMT; from 0.34±0.13 to 0.35±0.12, p=0.54). CIMT (mm) did not increase in group-S (from 1.10±0.35 to 1.08±0.39, p=0.16) but increased in group-C (from 1.09±0.46mm to 1.16±0.47mm, p&lt;0.01). Changes of BFMD or BIMT in group-S did not correlate to those of HbA1c (BFMD: r=0.17, p=0.79, BIMT: r=0.11, p=0.85). Conclusions: This study suggests that long-term treatment of sitagliptin safely improves arterial function and inhibits progression of wall thickness independent of reversal for diabetic status, which may have beneficial potentials for long-term management of atherosclerosis in type-2 diabetics.
Assay of Mutation Induced in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells by Combustion-Generated Soot Particles
Authors: Peter P. Bolsaitis, Alan S. Feitelberg, Vicken Dekermendjian, John F. Elliott, Adel F. Sarofim, William G. Thilly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A human lymphoblastoid cell line has been used to test for mutations caused by combustion-generated soot particles and their constituent components, which are substrate carbon-black and adsorbed condensate, principally in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). It was found that the mutagenicity of the PAH fraction is higher when it is contacted with cells as a liquid extract than when it is supplied as a coating on soot particles. The substrate particles were found to be nonmutagenic. The rate of transfer of mutagens from the surface of particles, combined with the retention time of respirable aerosol particles, are deemed to define their mutagenic potential.
Editorial commentary
Authors: Stevan Harnad
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Let us simplify the problem of “consciousness” or “visual consciousness”: Seeing is feeling. The difference between an optical transducer/effector that merely interacts with optical input, and a conscious system that sees, is that there is something it feels like for that conscious system to see, and that system feels that feeling. All talk about “internal representations” and internal or external difference registration or detection, and so on, is beside the point. The point is that what is seen is felt, not merely registered, processed, and acted upon. To explain consciousness in terms of sensorimotor action, one has to explain why and how any of that processing is felt; otherwise one is merely giving an optokinetic explanation of I/O (Input/Ouput) capacities (and of whether those capacities are actually or optimally generated by sensorimotor contingency processors, analog representations, symbolic representations, or other forms of internal structure/process), not of the fact that they are felt. Nor will it do to say “qualia are illusions.” Qualia are feelings. Am I under the illusion that I am seeing (i.e., feeling) something right now? What is the truth then? That I am not feeling, but merely acting? No, I'm afraid Descartes had it right. Certain things are not open to doubt. They either need to be explained, or passed over in silence, in favor of the unfelt correlated functions that we can explain (Harnad 1995; 2000; 2001).
Treatment of mild hypertension with diuretics. The importance of ECG abnormalities in the Oslo Study and in MRFIT
Authors: I. Holme
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) showed that diuretic treatment of hypertensive men with certain ECG abnormalities at entry was associated with an increased coronary heart disease mortality in the special-intervention group as compared with the usual-care group. Following the same criteria for resting ECG abnormalities as in MRFIT, The Oslo Study trial of mild hypertension has been reanalyzed for similar effects. Although numbers of first coronary events are low in this study (20 cases in the treated group and 13 in the control group), similar trends are present in The Oslo Study. The excess of seven cases of coronary events in the Oslo treatment group can mainly be explained by introduction of the MRFIT ECG-Minnesota codes. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1298-1299)
Bleomycin Toxicity
Authors: Katsutaro Shimaoka
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article entitled "Fatal Pulmonary Reaction From Low Doses of Bleomycin: An Idiosyncratic Tissue Response," by Iacovino et al (235:1253, 1976), points out a danger of this drug that is not often emphasized. In a study of combination chemotherapy for histiocytic lymphoma, we employed a regimen consisting of either cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), and prednisone (COP) or carmustine, mechlorethamine hydrochloride, and COP, adding bleomycin in low doses during one phase.<sup>1</sup>Forty-nine patients received multiple-agent chemotherapy without bleomycin, while 29 patients received the same chemotherapy with bleomycin, the dose being 15 mg (15 units) weekly for the first ten weeks.<sup>2</sup>In the latter group, signs of bleomycin toxicity developed in ten, and six of these showed clinical evidence of interstitial pneumonia or pulmonary fibrosis or both. Since the clinical, roentgenological, and pathological findings in bleomycin pulmonary toxicity are not uncommon to conditions caused by other
A Twist of Fate?
Authors: Michael D. Christian, Allan S. Detsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 39-year-old Sri Lankan man presented with a three-day history of headache, chills, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness. He reported having had vertigo, left-sided facial paresthesia, incoordination, and dysarthria, which had lasted for several minutes and then disappeared.
Reflux Nephropathy
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Although ureterovesical reflux in children was described as early as 1897,<sup>1</sup>and the glomerular changes that often ensue if these children survive to adulthood were noted half a century ago,<sup>2</sup>reflux nephropathy—a term embracing both the etiology and the sequel—is still incompletely understood. Currently, however, with opportunities provided by improved histological and histoimmunologic techniques, this condition is undergoing extensive investigation. Two recent studies—one from Lexington, Ky,<sup>3</sup>the other from the Mayo Clinic<sup>4</sup>—shed more light on the development of reflux nephropathy and its response to renal transplantation. Their conclusions are not always in accord. Bhatena et al<sup>3</sup>of the Lexington group studied 23 patients with reflux nephropathy between 1973 and 1977. All 23 underwent nephrectomies with subsequent renal transplantation, and all manifested focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in their native kidneys. The lesions appeared to evolve from early glomerular hypertrophy to focal and segmental and occasionally