tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Septic gonococcal dermatitis.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

reported 131 deaths.Seventy-six of these patients died within a ten-year period, their death being due not so much to specific complications as to all the usual causes at an earlier age.The subject was recently reviewed in the B.M.J.20What can be done to lessen the dangers of chrysotherapy?Patients with active, early disease and with high erythrocyte sedimentation rates, much inflammatory change, and the minimum ofirreversible damage are usually thought to respond best.It is doubtful if an initial marrow biopsy would help in rejecting unsuitable patients.Despite their failing to provide a full safeguard full blood counts, with platelet counts, should be done every four to six weeks, and the patient should be warned to report sore throats, fevers, and unexplained, odd, ill feelings, being specially asked about them at each attendance before the injection is given.Urine testing and the examination of the skin and buccal mucosa for reactions are mandatory.The only preparation generally available in Great Britain, sodium aurothiomalate, is today very seldom given in larger dosage than 50 mg weekly by intramuscular injection, and the dosage is often less than this.Caution should be taken to reduce the dosage as the patient improves, joint inflammation diminishes, and the sedimentation rate falls.E. J. and M.Denman21 have used lymphocyte transformation in vitro as a test of hypersensitivity in an attempt to predict sensitivity reactions before overt toxic effects occur, but so far no certain, practical, simple way of predicting them has been found.J. D. Jessop22 recently reported blood dyscrasias in two patients with average therapeutic levels of gold, and R. H. Freyberg and his colleagues23 as long ago as 1941 wrote that they could not find any relationship between serum gold levels, response to therapy, and the development of toxic reactions.Constant vigilance, an awareness of the risks, and above all repeated blood counts with careful and accurate platelet counts are essential.Even so, sudden haematological crises may occur which dimercaprol, penicillamine, cortico- steroids, and antibiotics may fail to control.
Heberden Society: ANNUAL REPORT, 1967
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

HEBERDEN SOCIETY that 51 per cent.had developed some form of recurrence or extension; secondary or tertiary surgery was necessary in two-thirds of these to check the progress of the disease and maintain useful hand function.He concludes that surgery alone cannot be expected to produce routine cures.Millesi, following unoperated patients with mild Dupuytren's contracture for from 6 to 12 years, found that 46 * 5 per cent.had developed evidence of further activity or extension.He suggests that the course of the disease is not significantly altered by non-surgical treatment by such agents as vitamin E, ultrasonics and radiotherapy, which give much the same proportion of patients whose disease is pro- gressive.Surgery itself, by whatever method, would seem only to buy time for the patient.Against this are to be set the sometimes crippling complica- tions of surgery (reviewed by Tubiana and Thomine).The reader will find an interesting contribution by Thomine on the palmar fascia studied micro- scopically in early foetal hands and an important review by Gosset on the gross morbid anatomy of the contracture, but he will not find any review of the epidemiology of this condition, its associated ActivitiesThe first Clinical meeting of the year was held on March 17,
Prediction of Toxicant-Specific Gene Expression Signatures after Chemotherapeutic Treatment of Breast Cell Lines
Authors: Melissa A. Troester, Katherine A. Hoadley, Joel S. Parker, Charles M. Perou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Global gene expression profiling has demonstrated that the predominant cellular response to a range of toxicants is a general stress response.This stereotyped environmental stress response commonly includes repression of protein synthesis and cell-cycle-regulated genes and induction of DNA damage and oxidative stress-responsive genes.Our laboratory recently characterized the general stress response of breast cell lines derived from basal-like and luminal epithelium after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) or 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and showed that each cell type has a distinct response.However, we expected that some of the expression changes induced by DOX and 5FU would be unique to each compound and might reflect the underlying mechanisms of action of these agents.Therefore, we employed supervised analyses (significance analysis of microarrays) to identify genes that showed differential expression between DOX-treated and 5FU-treated cell lines.We then used cross-validation analyses and identified genes that afforded high predictive accuracy in classifying samples into the two treatment classes.To test whether these gene lists had good predictive accuracy in an independent data set, we treated our panel of cell lines with etoposide, a compound mechanistically similar to DOX.We demonstrated that using expression patterns of 100 genes we were able to obtain 100% predictive accuracy in classifying the etoposide samples as being more similar in expression to DOX-treated than to 5FU-treated samples.These analyses also showed that toxicant-specific gene expression patterns, similar to general stress responses, vary according to cell type.
Role of Lead-Binding Proteins in Renal Cancer
Authors: Bruce A. Fowler, Mary W. Kahng, Donald R. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

High-dose lead exposure in rodents has been shown to produce pathognomonic lead intranuclear inclusion bodies and to result in an increased inci- dence of renal adenocarcinomas.Studies from this laboratory and others have demonstrated the presence of high-affinity renal lead-binding proteins in rat kidneys which act as tissue sinks for lead at low dose levels.Cell-free nuclear translocation studies have shown that these molecules are capa- ble of facilitating the intranuclear movement of lead and that they are associated with chromatin.These data suggest that renal lead-binding proteins may play a role in mediating known alterations in renal gene expression associated with formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies.More recent stud- ies from this laboratory have demonstrated the presence of chemically similar lead-binding proteins in kidneys of both monkeys and humans.Such observations suggest that a similar mechanism may be operating in primates since lead intranuclear inclusion bodies are also observed in these species.These data provide a testable mechanistic approach for assessing the possible role(s) of lead-binding proteins in mediating the intranuclear movement of lead and lead-induced renal cancer in primate species.-
DEATH FROM EXPLOSION OF MIXTURE OF ANESTHETIC GASES
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurologic Oncology
Authors: Kurt Jaeckle
Journal: JAMA (1989)

There are relatively few concise textbooks in the rapidly developing field of neuro-oncology, and this one represents a welcome addition. The authors present the information in four sections: first, an overview of tumor biology and pathology; second, general principles regarding diagnosis and treatment; third, review of the specific treatments by tumor type or location; and fourth, future directions in the field of neurooncology. The first section includes a brief discussion on pathogenesis of brain tumors and the anatomic basis for some of the clinical symptoms and signs. These presentations are quite terse and will be most useful for those entering this field. The chapter on pathology is informative but lacks gross or microscopic illustrations. The discussion of classification systems for the astrocytomas does not include mention of the newer threetiered system that is coming into broader use. The second section, dealing with the diagnosis and principles of treatment, is well
Nonlinear kinetics after high-dose omeprazole caused by saturation of genetically variable CYP2C19
Authors: K Rost
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Nonlinear kinetics of omeprazole and its metabolites were investigated after treatment with repeated high doses. Extensive metabolizers relating to cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) activity received for 1 week either omeprazole at 40 mg/d (n = 14) or 60 mg/d omeprazole twice daily (n = 8). Five poor metabolizers (PMs) received 40 mg/d for 1 week. Comparison of omeprazole plasma kinetics between extensive metabolizers (EMs) and PMs after 40-mg treatment revealed a dominant role of CYP2C19 over cytochrome P450 3A CYP3A in omeprazole metabolism. Comparing the omeprazole doses of 40 mg and 60 mg in eight EMs on day 7 of treatment showed that CYP2C19-dependent plasma clearance of omeprazole and omeprazole sulfone was reduced from 19.0 to 8.4 L/h (P < .001) and from 19.8 to 9.2 L/h (P = .012), respectively. Similarly, formation half-life of 5′-hydroxyomeprazole increased from 0.58 to 1.45 hours (P = .025) with the higher dose. CYP3A-dependent metabolic routes remained unaffected. Thus, high-dose treatment with omeprazole uncovers saturation kinetics for CYP2C19 pathways in EMs, and CYP3A becomes the predominant enzyme of omeprazole elimination. Moreover, these individuals may be at risk for side effects due to high omeprazole concentrations if high-dose omeprazole treatment is combined with drugs inhibiting CYP3A activity.
The future of medicine. A scenario analysis. Council on Long Range Planning and Development
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The Council on Long Range Planning and Development has undertaken an analysis of the future of medicine. The purpose in undertaking this study was to examine how the changing environment might effect the AMA and to identify measures the AMA could take to ensure its success in the future. The study involved developing three scenarios that covered a broad range of possibilities for the future. Analysis of these scenarios indicated that the AMA could face some significant environmental threats in the future. In the opinion of the Council, a variety of factors could combine to erode the AMA's membership market share and reduce cooperation among Federation organizations. Consequently, the AMA will have to develop an active response to environmental change to success and thrive in the future. The Council analyzed how the AMA might best respond to environmental change. The AMA could intensify its efforts to guide the course of environmental change. Such efforts would be worth undertaking, but they do not represent a complete solution. Therefore, the AMA must change itself to succeed in the future. The Council analyzed a number of alternative models of the AMA, each representing changes in product mix and/or organizational structure. None of these models provide a solution to environmental change. Rather, the solution lies primarily in program and activity changes. The Council identified specific suggestions for changes in the AMA's activities, organizational structure, and finances. If these suggestions are implemented, they will help the AMA succeed in the emerging environment. After completing its study of the future of medicine, the Council concluded that the need for the AMA will persist in the future. The market for the Association's products and services will remain strong. By taking steps today, the AMA can position itself to benefit from the emerging environment and, thereby, ensure that the Association has a positive future.
Basophil Production
Authors: Judah A. Denburg, Maureen Davison, John Bienenstock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Factors influencing basophil production from the bone marrow of ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized guinea pigs have been examined in vitro. Autologous co-cultures of marrow and spleen cells from OA-immune animals contained significantly higher numbers of basophils after 7 d of liquid culture in the presence of OA, compared with control co-cultures or with marrow cultures alone (P < 0.005). Basophils increased in co-culture as the number of spleen cells added to a fixed number of marrow cells was increased from 0.10 to 2.5 x 10(6)/ml; at each spleen cell concentration, the presence of OA significantly enhanced basophil production in vitro when compared with unstimulated co-cultures. There was no basophil production from spleen cell suspensions cultured in the absence of autologous marrow cells. Conditioned media (CM) prepared from OA-stimulated spleen cells of OA-treated animals (CM-OA) caused a specific stimulation of basophil production from normal guinea pig bone marrow cells in liquid cultures (P < 0.01). Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated CM (CM-PHA, CM-pokeweed mitogen) nonspecifically enhanced normal basophilopoiesis, causing dose-dependent increases in basophils and histamine in vitro. CM-OA and CM-PHA also preferentially stimulated formation of neutrophil-macrophage colony-forming units in semisolid methylcellulose cultures.CM-PHA prepared from T cell-enriched splenic cell suspensions contained basophil-stimulating activity, whereas T cell-depleted CM-PHA activity did not exceed control values (P < 0.01). Preliminary characterization of CM-PHA revealed that basophil-stimulating activity was predominantly heat stable and nondialyzable. These results demonstrate OA-specific, as well as mitogen-dependent T-cell regulation of guinea pig basophilopoiesis in vitro. The data are compatible with the existence of a specific "basophilopoietin" in CM derived from guinea pig splenic T cells.
An American Text-Book of the Diseases of Children
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CDC Director Invites Participation in Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HTLV-III/LAV antibody and immune status of household contacts and sexual partners of persons with hemophilia
Authors: J. M. Jason
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We evaluated the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/Iymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) antibody and immune status of 88 persons living with and/or sexual partners of 43 hemophiliacs, 12 of whom had AIDS, five of whom had AIDS-related complex (ARC), 17 of whom were clinically well but HTLV-III/LAV antibody positive, and nine of whom were well and HTLV-III/LAV antibody negative. No nonhemophilic household contacts (0/50) of healthy hemophiliacs were HTLV-III/LAV antibody positive; two of 33 nonhemophilic AIDS/ARC contacts were positive. One was a spouse and one a sexual partner of a hemophiliac. One of these antibody-positive contacts herself had AIDS, and one had ARC. Antibody-negative, nonhemophilic contacts of AIDS/ARC and of antibody-positive hemophiliacs had significantly lower numbers of lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, and T suppressor lymphocytes than did contacts of antibody-negative hemophiliacs. We conclude that risk of HTLV-III/LAV transmission may exist for spouses and/or sexual contacts of hemophiliacs with AIDS/ARC, but we cannot now determine the risk for contacts of asymptomatic hemophiliacs. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:212-215)
A Phase II Trial of Rituximab-CHOP Chemotherapy Followed by Yttrium 90 (90Y) Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (90Y-IT) for Previously Untreated Elderly Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Patients.
Authors: Pier Luigi Zinzani, Mariapaola Fina, Monica Tani, Vittorio Stefoni, Letizia Gandolfi, Alessandro Broccoli, Cinzia Pellegrini, Enrico Derenzini, Giuseppe Rossi, Emanuele Angelucci, Gianluca Gaidano, Maria Concetta Petti, Maurizio Martelli, Umberto Vitolo, Stefano Fanti, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Blood (2009)
A1.21 Non-canonical NF-κB signalling enhances angiogenesis in a novel 3D model of rheumatoid arthritis synovial inflammation
Authors: C X Maracle, A R Noort, K P M van Zoest, S W Tas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Background Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is considered a switch from acute to chronic inflammation. Previously, we have demonstrated that NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) mediated activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in endothelial cells (EC) induces angiogenesis. To further investigate the role of this pathway in RA angiogenesis, we developed an innovative 3D model that incorporates both EC and RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with the option to also add immune cells, thereby generating a model more representative of synovial angiogenesis. Objective To develop a novel 3D in vitro model to study the interaction between RA FLS, EC and immune cells to further delineate the role of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway in pathological angiogenesis. Methods In the traditional 2D model, RA FLS and HUVEC were co-cultured with or without the non-canonical NF-κB signalling inducing stimuli lymphotoxin α1β2 (LT) and LIGHT, or VEGF as a positive control. EC were visualised through immunohistochemical staining of CD31. In the novel 3D model, spheroids of HUVEC and RA FLS, pre-incubated with green or orange cell tracker dye, were plated in a collagen solution with medium containing LT, LIGHT or bFGF/VEGF. After 48 hours, spheroids were imaged through confocal microscopy. Cumulative EC sprout length and the number of sprouts was quantified using Leica QWin Plus software. Results In the 2D model, LIGHT induced a significant increase in EC proliferation (p<0.05) and the LT-induced increase neared significance. Confocal analysis of the 3D model showed that spheroids containing HUVEC and RA FLS formed sprouts under all conditions. Importantly, both LT and LIGHT caused significant increases (p<0.05) in cumulative sprout length and total number of sprouts, which was comparable to that of bFGF/VEGF. Preliminary results indicate that siRNA-mediated targeting of NIK inhibits this process effectively. Conclusion We demonstrate that induction of non-canonical NF-κB signalling by LT or LIGHT enhances angiogenic responses in EC in both models. However, the new 3D model allows visualization of actual blood vessel formation and incorporation of immune cells in future studies. Based on our findings, targeting NIK may be a novel therapeutic approach to block pathological angiogenesis in RA, thereby halting disease progression.
The Nature of Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms: A Lesson from Transgenic Studies
Authors: Ye-Shih Ho, Jean-Luc Magnenat, Mary Gargano, Jin Cao
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many clinical disorders such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.Genetically engineered animal models have been used as a tool for understanding the function of various antioxidant enzymes in cellular defense mechanisms against various types of oxidant tissue injury.Transgenic mice overexpressing three isoforms of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the cellular glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx-1) in various tissues show an increased tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion heart and brain injury, hyperoxia, cold-induced brain edema, adriamycin, and paraquat toxicity.These results have provided for the first time direct evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these antioxidant enzymes in protecting the animals against the injury resulting from these insults, as well as the effect of an enhanced level of antioxidant in ameliorating the oxidant tissue injury.To evaluate further the nature of these enzymes in antioxidant defense, gene knockout mice deficient in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and GSHPx-1 have also been generated in our laboratory.These mice developed normally and showed no marked pathologic changes under normal physiologic conditions.In addition, a deficiency in these genes had no effects on animal survival under hyperoxia.However, these knockout mice exhibited a pronounced susceptibility to paraquat toxicity and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Furthermore, female mice lacking CuZnSOD also displayed a marked increase in postimplantation embryonic lethality.These animals should provide a useful model for uncovering the identity of ROS that participate in the pathogenesis of various clinical disorders and for defining the role of each antioxidant enzyme in cellular defense against oxidant-mediated tissue injury.-