tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Second-line chemotherapy in older patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Pooled analysis of 10 second-line studies.
Authors: Samer Salah, Jae-Lyun Lee, Antonio Rozzi, Jeremy Howard Lewin, Hiroshi Kitamura, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Daniel J Vis, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Sandy Srinivas, Rafael Morales, Joan Carles, Samar Toubasi, Soonil Lee, Ki Hong Kim, Kouji Izumi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e16038 Background: Older patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) are under-represented in clinical trials and data regarding outcomes for second-line therapy is limited. We aimed to assess toxicity and survival in patients aged ≥ 70 years, treated with second-line chemotherapy regimens. Methods: Individual data for patients aged ≥ 70 years were pooled from 10 studies that assessed second-line chemotherapy for metastatic UC. The influence of potential prognostic factors on overall survival (OS) was assessed via univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analysis. Results: In total, 102 patients with metastatic UC were included for analysis with a median age of 74.0 (range: 70-88). Baseline demographics were as follows: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status (ECOG PS) 0(34%), 1(43%), 2(23%); > 1 metastatic site (42%); liver metastasis (27%); single agent vs combination second-line chemotherapy (41% vs 59%). The median progression free survival and OS from the time of initiating second-line therapy was 4.3 and 9.7 months respectively. In Univariate analysis, age > 75 (p= 0.007), ECOG PS ≥ 1 (p = 0.001), serum Hb < 10 (p= 0.001), liver metastasis (p= 0.036), and interval from prior platinum < 12 months (p= 0.014) were associated with inferior OS. In multivariate analysis; age > 75 (HR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.11-3.49, p = 0.021), ECOG PS ≥ 1 (HR 1.90, 95% CI: 1.08-3.33, p = 0.025), serum Hb < 10 (HR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.18-3.75, p = 0.012), and liver metastasis (HR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.00-3.29, p = 0.048) were identified as independent predictors of inferior OS. There was no difference in OS between single agent and combination chemotherapy regimens (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.59-1.88, p = 0.86). Combination chemotherapy was associated with significantly higher chance of any ≥ G2 toxicity (80% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), ≥ G2 hematologic (78% vs. 12%, p< 0.001), and ≥ G2 gastrointestinal toxicity (36% vs. 7%, p< 0.001). Conclusions: In this pooled analysis of metastatic UC patients aged ≥ 70 years, combination chemotherapy for second line treatment was associated with greater toxicity without evidence of improved OS. Age > 75, liver metastasis, ECOG PS, and serum Hb remained important predictors of survival.
Clinical aspects of commercial aviation medicine
Authors: G. J. Kidera
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Growth and progress have become so commonplace in recent times that various language devices are being used to give these concepts extra intensity. To indicate really significant progress, for example, we now say that a "breakthrough" has occurred. And to express the idea of sizable increases, we resort to the word "explosion," as in population explosion, cultural explosion, wage explosion, and suburban explosion. The growth of air transportation in the last several years is among such detonations. Since 1962, the average annual growth rate of the US scheduled airlines has been about 16%, which is considerably higher than for any other major industry. And the outlook for further increases is very favorable. The Air Transport Association predicts that by 1975 the nation's airlines of all types, including international carriers, will fly 336 million passengers yearly, as compared with 97 million in 1965. Last year United Air Lines carried 18,040,000 passengers,
Glenn Reynolds, MD: a matter of attitude
Authors: G. McBride
Journal: JAMA (1981)

He's like some other physicians you know: intelligent, inventive, hard-working, compassionate with his patients, someone who loves a good joke. He's also recreation-minded—has been a pilot, sails his own boat, has even run some wily Idaho rivers on a raft. And when you get to know him, it all seems perfectly natural, even though Glenn G. Reynolds, MD, has been confined to a wheelchair for the past 28 of his 55 years. "He's a living example of what a handicapped person can do," says his close friend and associate Erwin H. Sprengel, administrator and co-director of the Northern California Regional Spinal Injury System. Reflecting further, Sprengel adds, "And there's no one like him." Striken by polio as a 27-year-old, third-year medical student at Loma Linda University School of Medicine in California, Reynolds managed to finish school about six months later than his classmates. Then he went to what is now
Improving the quality of long-term care
Authors: R. L. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Quality of long-term care can be improved by changing the strategies used to monitor it. Nursing home care has been the subject of intensive regulations, while it has been neglected by physicians. Newer forms of long-term care are coming under stricter oversight, which may stifle the innovations they offer. Greater but different attention is needed: more creativity can be fostered with better accountability by emphasizing long-term care outcomes. It is unrealistic to require that long-term care patients will improve; good outcomes are defined as doing as well as or better than expected. The Minimum Data Set for nursing homes offers a mechanism to generate data on many pertinent outcomes. An outcomes focus would encourage more collective action by the various parties involved in providing long-term care, including physicians. Clinicians are reluctant to assume responsibility for outcomes they feel unable to strongly influence, but they must recognize that part of their role is to engender cooperation from the myriad participants in long-term care, including patients and their families. Better-quality long-term care may cost more, but it may be possible to use less expensive personnel more creatively if current regulations are modified. Managed care arrangements offer one vehicle for reorganizing care and could provide the appropriate incentives to make positive changes. However, they could also lead to minimalist strategies. Accountability for realistic outcomes can provide the needed countervailing regulatory pressure. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1376-1380)
Customized probability models for early severe sepsis in adult intensive care patients. Intensive Care Unit Scoring Group
Authors: J. R. Le Gall
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop customized versions of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and the 24-hour Mortality Probability Model II (MPM II24) to estimate the probability of mortality for intensive care unit patients with early severe sepsis. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Logistic regression models developed for patients with severe sepsis in a database of adult medical and surgical intensive care units in 12 countries. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Of 11 458 patients in the intensive care unit for at least 24 hours, 1130 had severe sepsis based on criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (systemic inflammatory response syndrome in response to infection, plus hypotension, hypoperfusion, or multiple organ dysfunction). <h3>Results.</h3> —In patients with severe sepsis, mortality was higher (48.0% vs 19.6% among other patients) and 28-day survival was lower. The customized SAPS II was well calibrated (<i>P</i>=.92 for the goodness-of-fit test) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve, 0.78). Performance in the validation sample was equally good (<i>P</i>=.85 for the goodness-of-fit test; area under the ROC curve, 0.79). The customized MPM II<sub>24</sub>was well calibrated (<i>P</i>=.92 for the goodness-of-fit test) and discriminated well (area under the ROC curve, 0.79). Performance in the validation sample was equally good (<i>P</i>=.52 for the goodness-of-fit test; area under the ROC curve, 0.75). The models are independent of each other; either can be used alone to estimate the probability of mortality of patients with severe sepsis. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Customization provides a simple technique to apply existing models to a subgroup of patients. Accurately assessing the probability of hospital mortality is a useful adjunct for clinical trials. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:644-650)
Laboratory-Acquired West Nile Virus Infections—United States, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus introduced recently to North America, is a human, equine, and avian neuropathogen. The majority of human infections with WNV are mosquito-borne; however, laboratory-acquired infections with WNV and other arboviruses also occur. This report summarizes two recent cases of WNV infection in laboratory workers without other known risk factors who acquired infection through percutaneous inoculation. Laboratory workers handling fluids or tissues known or suspected to be WNV-infected should minimize their risk for exposure and should report injuries and illnesses of suspected occupational origin to their supervisor.
Hemodialysis in Infantile Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report Describing a New Hemodialysis System
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ARMY MEDICAL BOARD.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autopsy Theory
Authors: Gilbert E. Corrigan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. George Milles, (225:525, 1973) relates the declining requirements for autopsies by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals to lazy pathologists and bored clinicians. This is imprecise. The failure lies in the absence of proper philosophical and scientific incentives for the performance and understanding of the autopsy. Briefly, there are few conceptual arguments to be settled by the autopsy under its present mode of management. This is because there are few unifying concepts or challenging philosophical issues present in the current writings on the autopsy. Fewer of these concepts are known and appreciated by either clinicians or pathologists. There is no<i>organismic pathology</i>, so why study the organism? Pathologists here in Texas alone perform more than 17,000 autopsies a year. That's not likely to fulfill anyone's criteria for laziness. Any professional reluctance exhibited probably arises from our inability to intellectualize the autopsy properly and from our
Role of extracellular zinc and copper on metallothionein regulation in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Juan Hidalgo, Allen Dingman, Justine S. Garvey
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cellular and extracellular metallothionein contents of rat hepatocytes cultured in the presence of albumin (30 μmol/L) with zinc (1, 10, 50 and 100 μmol/L), copper (1, 10 and 50 μmol/L), zinc and copper (1, 10 and 50 μmol/L of each metal) or no metals in the culture medium have been measured by radioimmunoassay. Cellular metallothionein levels increased steadily with culture time regardless of the metal treatment and showed little dependence (only a twofold increase) on extracellular zinc or copper at all metal concentrations and times (up to 3 days) studied. In contrast, the presence of both metals simultaneously in the culture medium strongly increased cellular metallothionein contents, acting synergistically in some cases. Significant extracellular metallothionein was observed when copper or zinc and copper were present in the culture medium, most of which is likely a consequence of cell leakage because no evidence of physiological secretion was observed. Total metallothionein production (cellular and extracellular metallothionein levels) indicated that copper was a better metallothionein inducer than zinc in these experimental conditions. These results indicate that metallothionein regulation in the hepatocyte is different depending on the extracellular metal levels and composition and that attention must be given to metallothionein release from the hepatocyte. (Hepatology 1991;14:648-654.)
Erratum: Deletion of 11q23 is a highly specific nonrandom secondary genetic abnormality of ETV6/RUNX1-rearranged childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: A Attarbaschi, G Mann, S Strehl, M König, M Steiner, V Jeitler, Th Lion, M N Dworzak, H Gadner, O A Haas
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
P08.07 Glioblastoma stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells: evidenced through live cell imaging
Authors: X. Mei
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma cell initiated vascularization is an alternative angiogenesis called vasculogenic mimicry (VM). However, current knowledge on the mechanism of de novo vessel formation from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) is limited. METHODS: Sixty-four glioblastoma samples from patients and 10 fluorescent glioma xenograft samples were examined by immunofluorescence staining for endothelial marker (CD34) and glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Then, we isolated GSCs from human glioblastoma tissue and established CD133+/SOX-2+ RFP-GSC-1 cells. The ability of these cells to form vascular structures was examined by live cell imaging of three-dimensional cultures. Results: CD34/CD31 and GFAP co-expressing glioblastoma-derived endothelial cells (GDEC) glioma cells were found in 30 of 64(46.9%) the clinical glioblastoma samples. These CD34/CD31 and GFAP co-expressing glioblastoma-derived endothelial cells (GDEC) were found to form vessel structures in 21 out of 30 (70%) clinical samples. In those (with GDEC vessels) samples, the CD34+ GDEC vessels were counted around 14.16% of total vessels and CD31+ GDEC vessels were counted around 18.08% of total vessels. In the xenograft tumor tissue, CD34+ GDECs were found in 7 out of 10 mice and 4 out of 10 mice had CD34+ GDEC vessels. CD31+ GDECs were also found in 7 mice and 4 mice had CD31+ GDEC vessels (10 mice in total). Through live cell imaging, we observed gradually CD34 expression when cultural with VEGF in some glioma cells, and a dynamic increase in endothelial marker expression in RFP-GSC-1 in vitro was recorded. Up to 6 hours of cultural, CD34-positive cell reach to 9.46%. (Video S1 and S2). Conclusions: The results demonstrated that GSCs may differentiate into endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis in glioblastomas.
Some Physical Factors in Toxicological Assessment Tests
Authors: V. H. Freed, C. T. Chiou, D. Schmedding, R. Kohnert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Many thousand organic compounds are in common use and new ones introduced daily. With many of these materials, little is known about their toxic hazard. For years scientists have been investigating the relation of structure and properties to biological activity. Among the factors relating to toxicity are bioaccumulation and persistence in the organism. In this study, the relation of partition coefficient and solubility to bioaccumulation of some organochlorine compounds was investigated as was also the reactivity of several organophosphates. The work adds confirmation to the relation of molecular parameters to penetration, accumulation, and persistence in toxic action.
Abstract 1660: Identification of allelic imbalance utilizing heterozygous genotype allele frequencies and intensities
Authors: Kyle Chang, Francis A. San Lucas, Zuhal Ozcan, Smruthy Sivakumar, Yasminka A. Jakubek, Richard G. Fowler, Paul Scheet
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Allelic imbalance (AI) events, such as amplification, deletion or copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (cn-LOH) can result in the activations of oncogenes or inactivations of tumor suppressor genes that are critical to the process of carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, tumor samples often have low tumor-cellularity and small subclones that require sensitive and robust algorithm for AI detections. To overcome this challenge, our lab has developed an original software application hapLOH (Vattathil and Scheet, 2013) that identifies AI with high sensitivity in SNP array data by utilizing heterozygous genotype allele frequencies in SNP array data using a Hidden Markov Model. Motivated by the plethora of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, we carried this logic and functionality and developed hapLOHseq (San Lucas et al, 2016) for detection of subtle AI in NGS data using reference and alternate allele read depths and a set of haplotype estimates based on 1000 genome data. Recently, we sought to improve AI detection and provide support for different data types by developing haploh-cn. Haploh-cn extends our previous tools by supporting both SNP array and NGS data, and by incorporating intensity data and Log R ratios (LRR) into the underlying Hidden Markov Model for SNP array data, and incorporating sequencing depth for NGS data. In order to evaluate haploh-cn’s performances, we have downloaded The Cancer Genome Atlas Lung Adenocarcinoma whole exome sequencing data and corresponding Affymetrix SNP6 array data. Then, we simulated tumor cellularity by performing in-silico dilution of NGS and SNP array data. For NGS data, we down sampled tumor sequencing BAM files and mixed in matched-normal sequencing reads. For SNP6 array data, we combined the adjusted B allele frequencies of heterozygous sites in the tumor sample and matched-normal sample. Using the AI events detected in the undiluted tumor samples as the gold standard, we assessed the performance of haploh-cn in the computational diluted samples. Our results showed that haploh-cn had high sensitivity without sacrificing specificity in diluted tumor samples. In summary, haploh-cn is a robust and powerful method for profiling subtle AI in NGS and SNP array data. Citation Format: Kyle Chang, Francis A. San Lucas, Zuhal Ozcan, Smruthy Sivakumar, Yasminka A. Jakubek, Richard G. Fowler, Paul Scheet. Identification of allelic imbalance utilizing heterozygous genotype allele frequencies and intensities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1660.
Night Calls
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New England Pediatric Society
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1939)

parietal and visceral layers of the pleura.Un- fortunately there is ¡no method known by which the presence of pleural adhesion can be positively determined in advance, The only way to settle the doubt is to introduce the needle.And this may have to be done in many sites.But local anesthesia renders the procedure painlesss. Cases.Mr. L. began bleeding Jan. 27 and continued through Jan. 29, 1914.Bleeding was then re- sumed on Feb. 1, und continued in spite of usual medical treatment till Feb. 8, when nitrogen was injected into pleura.While tho spit continued stained for 24 hours, no fresh blood was again ob- tained.No further hemorrhage occurred while un- der observation, a period of one month.Mr. X., patient, was carrying a high fever, rais- ing copiously, and bed-ridden.A nurse notified me that he wns bleeding while I wus inducing pneumo- thorax on another patient.Nitrogen was intro- duced into the pleura on tho side that offered moist râles, and bronchi.The bleeding was immediately stopped and did not recur during an observation of four weeks.E. W. Came with history of frequent hemor- rhages, at intervals during a year.Pneumothorax was induced for treatment of the lung.No further hemorrhages occurred while under observation, a period of three months.H. W. Was having frequent hemorrhages when first seen.Pneumothorax was induced to heal the lung.Incidentally the records showed no recurrence of hemorrhage during the period of observation,-- about three months.Ten months of tuberculin treatment had yielded no result.B. B. A. Bilateral infection with rather profuse bleeding that had continued in varying amounts during three days.Was inflated on side that pre- sented moist râles.Bleeding stopped immediately and did not recur.Observed several months.