tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
c-Fms and the αvβ3 integrin collaborate during osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Roberta Faccio, Sunao Takeshita, Alberta Zallone, F. Patrick Ross, Steven L. Teitelbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

β3 integrin–null osteoclasts are dysfunctional, but their numbers are increased in vivo. In vitro, however, the number of β3–/– osteoclasts is reduced because of arrested differentiation. This paradox suggests cytokine regulation of β3–/– osteoclastogenesis differs in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, additional MCSF, but not receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), completely rescues β3–/– osteoclastogenesis. Similarly, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and expression of c-Fos, both essential for osteoclastogenesis, are attenuated in β3–/– preosteoclasts, but completely restored by additional MCSF. In fact, circulating and bone marrow cell membrane-bound MCSFs are enhanced in β3–/– mice, correlating with the increase in the osteoclast number. To identify components of the MCSF receptor that is critical for osteoclastogenesis in β3–/– cells, we retrovirally transduced authentic osteoclast precursors with chimeric c-Fms constructs containing various cytoplasmic domain mutations. Normalization of osteoclastogenesis and ERK activation, in β3–/– cells, uniquely requires c-Fms tyrosine 697. Finally, like high-dose MCSF, overexpression of c-Fos normalizes the number of β3–/– osteoclasts in vitro, but not their ability to resorb dentin. Thus, while c-Fms and αvβ3 collaborate in the osteoclastogenic process via shared activation of the ERK/c-Fos signaling pathway, the integrin is essential for matrix degradation.
SWEETS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: J. S. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1912)

MwgDCAL JOUN'AL I 235 stage is-one still open to discussion anid by iio mneans as yet settled against its use, it shlould niever be -withdrawn from incipient cases, as sucLl witlhdrawal greatly increases the chances of an incipiCent case becomiiing deliriouis.Holdling vciy strongly that the first principle of treat- milent is the eliiination of the poison, I amii opposed to its use in aniy stage of the affection; and as all hyplnotics ten(d to check that process, I thinik the less any of theli aie used the bettelfor the sufferer-.-Iam, etc.,
Adenylate cyclase activity in microdissected rat liver tissue: Periportal to pericentral activity gradient
Authors: C Cortinovis
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in microdissected samples from lyophilized cryostat sections of rat liver by means of an improved assay. Livers were obtained from adult Sprague-Dawley rats fasted for 22 hr. Adenylate cyclase activities, basal and those elicited by various agents, were determined in dissected samples from periportal and pericentral regions of the classic liver lobule. In all samples, enzyme activity was strongly stimulated by glucagon, cholera toxin, guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), sodium fluoride and forskolin. The β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol produced very weak, if any, enzyme stimulation. Angiotensin II did not inhibit the activity elicited by lithium chloride and GTP at high concentrations, and pertussis toxin did not enhance the GTP-stimulated activity. We observed a periportal-to-pericentral gradient for basal and agent-stimulated activities. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:160–164).
Dalkon Shield
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Nosocomial infections are infections that occur in an institutional setting, such as a hospital, convalescent center, or skilled-nursing facility. An international conference on nosocomial infections, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control, was held in August 1980 to explore this broad area of concern in depth, with particular emphasis on problems and progress identified during the previous decade, and to anticipate developments and research activities in the 1980s. The proceedings of that conference, which form a comprehensive review of the subject, have been published.1 I shall discuss some of the more important points to emerge from the conference along with . . .
One year's experience with a noninvasively monitored intermediate care unit for pulmonary patients
Authors: B. P. Krieger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Many studies have shown that selected cardiac patients can be safely and economically cared for in intermediate care units rather than intensive care units. However, there are only limited data concerning intermediate care units for pulmonary patients. We prospectively followed up all Medicare patients from May 5, 1987, through May 4, 1988, who were admitted to a pulmonary noninvasive monitoring unit. Ninety-four patients were admitted 104 times; 33 required mechanical ventilatory support for an average of 26 days. The overall cost savings were greater than $173 000, while high-quality medical care was maintained. We conclude that a noninvasive monitoring unit can be effectively used as an alternative to the intensive care unit for selected pulmonary patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1143-1146)
Abstract 2212: Computational Model of Exercise Effects on Fontan Hemodynamics Demonstrates Favorable Energetics In Extracardiac Fontans When Compared to Lateral Tunnel
Authors: Kevin K Whitehead, Kerem Pekkan, Ravi Doddasomayajula, Hiroumi D Kitajima, Kartik S Sundareswaran, Stephen M Paridon, Ajit P Yoganathan, Mark A Fogel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Previous computational experiments using anatomically correct Fontan geometries have suggested that extracardiac Fontans (EC) have lower power loss compared to lateral tunnel intracardiac (IC) Fontans. Differences in exercise performance may also be important in the long term morbidity of Fontan patients. We have previously developed a computational model for studying exercise conditions. Hypothesis: It is our hypothesis that the EC total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is more hemodynamically favorable and demonstrates significantly lower resistance at exercise. Methods: We performed steady flow CFD simulations on 3-D anatomical reconstructions of TCPC from 9 Fontan patients using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) data, 5 with EC and 4 with IC. Caval flows were determined using CMR velocimetry and outlet pulmonary artery pressures tuned to obtain flow splits corresponding to equal vascular lung resistance (EVLR) of 2 Woods units for each lung. Simulated exercise conditions of twice (2x) and three times (3x) baseline MRI flow were performed by increasing IVC flow. Power loss calculations using control volume analysis were performed for each TCPC and each flow condition studied. Power losses were normalized to calculate a resistance index and the two groups compared using the Student t-test for independent groups. Results: Resistance index was significantly greater in IC compared to EC Fontans for all three flow conditions. This difference was magnified at exercise flow conditions. At baseline flow, EC TCPC resistance index was 0.14 compared to 0.49 Woods units for IC (p = 0.001). This rose to 0.29 and 0.81 for EC and IC TCPC respectively for the 2x exercise condition (p = 0.002), and to 0.44 and 1.2 for the 3x condition (p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in cardiac output between EC and IC pts, but the EC pts were significantly younger. Conclusions: CFD modeling of 3-D anatomical reconstructions demonstrates significant differences in power loss between EC and IC TCPC which are magnified at exercise conditions. The differences are hemodynamically significant, as high as 0.76 Woods units at the highest exercise flow condition, and are thus likely important in the long-term survival and quality of life of patients with TCPC.
Abstract 9966: Radial versus Femoral Access in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Decrease in Mortality, Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Bleeding - An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abel Casso Dominguez, Georges El-Hayek, Elizabeth Contreras, Pragya Ranjan, Carlos Gongora, Edgar Argulian
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Previous studies have come to inconsistent results about the role of radial access in reducing adverse outcomes in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing coronary angiography or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the up-to-date evidence on this subject. Methods: The Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to April 2015. The results was limited to Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the outcomes in patients with ACS undergoing radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or PCI. Only studies that reported clinical outcomes. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality. Secondary end-points included Non-CABG major bleeds, Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE: Composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for all the clinical outcomes. Results: Sixteen RCT’s (n = 18,947) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 9,454 (49.9%) subjects were randomized to radial access and 9,493 (50.1%) to femoral access. The allocation to the radial approach was associated with decrease risk of all-cause mortality (1.7% vs. 2.4%; RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.88; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0010), decrease in non-CABG major bleeding (1.2% vs. 2.2%; RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48-0.76; I2 = 0%; P &lt; 0.0001), and decrease in MACE (6.2% vs. 7.2%; RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.77-0.95; I2 = 0%; P = 0.004). The rate of recurrent MI (4.0% vs. 4.4%; RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.80-1.04; I2 = 0%; P = 0.18) and stroke was similar with both approaches (0.49% vs. 0.41%; RR 1.19; 95% CI 0.77-1.84; I2 = 0%; P = 0.42). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis shows that radial access in patients with ACS undergoing coronary angiography or PCI reduces all-cause mortality, major bleeds and MACE. No substantial difference was found in the rate of recurrent MI or stroke.
Ethics of Receiving Gifts Considered
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS describe the "norm of reciprocity," or the obligation to help those who have helped you, as one of the fundamental principles that guides human interactions. It is not surprising, therefore, that pharmaceutical companies rely on this principle of human nature by giving gifts to physicians in hopes that they will prescribe their firms' products in return. In the context of medicine, however, many feel that the act of accepting a gift has far-reaching ethical consequences that put the "gift" at too great a price. The recent Senate hearings that investigated the use of gifts and other extravagant marketing practices of the pharmaceutical industry were conducted primarily out of concern that these expensive promotional schemes were raising the prices of drugs while offering no benefit to consumers. The concern has been repeated often in the medical literature. John Nelson, MD, immediate past president of the Utah Medical Association and
Broken Catheter
Authors: HARRY F. ZINSSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 September 1970Broken CatheterHARRY F. ZINSSER, M.D.HARRY F. ZINSSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-3-492_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The May issue of the ANNALS contains a report by Weisse and associates (Ann Intern Med 72: 695-697, 1970) that describes "The first instance of a broken Sommer pacemaker electrode and the successful retrieval of the separated intracardiac segment without thoracotomy."Kenneth R. Falchuk, Ali P. Shariari, and myself have described the retrieval of a broken Sommer pacemaker catheter from the heart without thoracotomy (JAMA 210:1574, 1969).The company that manufactures these catheters was informed immediately of the mishap, and they were most cooperative in providing us with the No. 9 Lehman-type catheter and guide wire used... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HARRY F. ZINSSER, M.D.Affiliations: The Graduate Hospital University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pa. 19146 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1970Volume 73, Issue 3Page: 492-492KeywordsCathetersHeartPacemakersThoracotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ovarian Cancer
Authors: C Westhoff
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1996)

Ovarian cancer incidence rates are highest and stable in white populations; in Asia previously low incidence rates may be increasing. Most cases present with disseminated disease, and mortality rates remain high despite the use of aggressive polychemotherapy. Mortality among younger women has decreased, which has been attributed to widespread use of oral contraceptives. Studies consistently show a protective effect of oral contraceptives that increases with duration of use; no dose effect has been identified to date. Risk decreases substantially with increasing numbers of pregnancies; periods of lactation are relatively less protective. Periods of oral contraceptive use are less protective than equal periods of pregnancy. These factors may protect against ovarian cancer due to inhibition of ovulation or due to suppression of another aspect of ovarian function. Hysterectomy and tubal ligation are both protective, perhaps by preventing the ascent of environmental carcinogens that are as yet unidentified. A positive family history substantially increases risk; mutations in the BRCA1 gene may be responsible for about 5% of cases. No other exposures have been consistently associated with disease risk. Whether risk is modified by ovarian damage mediated by dietary galactose is being evaluated; studies to date have conflicting results. The effect of infertility and its treatments on ovarian cancer risk is controversial; two studies suggest that infertility treatments increase risk.
Archives of Disease in Childhood, London
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemical mediators released by primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages in patients with and without cirrhosis: A study in tumor-bearing patients
Authors: N Funaki, S Arii, K Monden, H Higashitsuji, M Furutani, M Mise, J Tanaka, M Imamura
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To elucidate the possible role of chemical mediators in modulating the host-defense activity of patients with cirrhosis, primary-cultured human hepatic macrophages (HHMphi) were obtained from cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients who received liver resections because of the presence of malignant liver tumors. The cirrhotic and noncirrhotic groups consisted of patients with similar malignancies: noncirrhotic patients had normal liver function and normal liver histology for nontumorous portions. The cultured HHMphi were analyzed for their ability to release chemical mediators with specific activities in the host defense system. Dose-dependent increases in superoxide release, interleukin-1 (IL-1) release, and, within a relatively narrow range, prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) release were observed in opsonized zymosan (oz)-stimulated HHMphi derived from both cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients. The release of O2- and PGE2 from HHMphi derived from cirrhotic patients was significantly less than HHMphi derived from noncirrhotic patients, whereas the release of IL-1 was significantly greater. Although, because of the limited sample availability, only tumor-bearing patients were studied, the mediator-releasing ability of HHMphi derived from cirrhotic patients was significantly different from the ability of HHMphi derived from noncirrhotic patients with similar malignancies. This phenomenon may be related to altered host defenses in patients with cirrhosis.
Fashions in medical writing
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Retrospective surveys are fun. We all like to look at old newspapers or magazines, or go through museums and note how profoundly different are the fashions and tastes of bygone days. But how significant are the changes? When do they indicate something merely ephemeral, mere whim, and when do they indicate a basic alteration in the entire culture, its attitudes, philosophy, and mores? In the fine arts, for example, a change from representational to nonrepresentational art may indicate a massive cultural transformation in progress. Similarly, historians of literature may trace the evolution of cultural patterns in the changing literary style. In this essay I would like to indicate some of the changing fashions in medical writing in the past three centuries, changes which, I believe, reflect an underlying cultural transformation. Seventeenth-century prose seems rather extravagant to our modern ears. Among the better prose writers of the century there were certain similarities of style. As is
Prophylaxis for Stress-Related Gastric Hemorrhage
Authors: Jeffrey N. Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 April 1995Prophylaxis for Stress-Related Gastric HemorrhageJeffrey N. MartinJeffrey N. MartinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-8-199504150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article on the prophylaxis of stress-related gastric hemorrhage, Ben-Menachem and coworkers [1] discuss several potential explanations for their finding of lack of efficacy of either cimetidine or sucralfate. Although alluded to in the discussion, the study's low statistical power deserves further elaboration.The determination that 160 patients would be required in each treatment arm to provide 80% power to detect a 75% reduction in bleeding from a baseline rate of 12% is statistically correct [2]. A 75% reduction, however, may be overly optimistic for sample size calculations. Using the concepts of Goodman and Berlin [3] ...References1. Ben-Menachem T, Fogel R, Patel RV, Touchette M, Zarowitz BJ, Hadzijahic N, et al. Prophylaxis for stress-related gastric hemorrhage in the medical intensive care unit. A randomized, controlled, single-blind study. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:568-75. Google Scholar2. Glantz SA. Primer of Biostatistics. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1992. Google Scholar3. Goodman SN, Berlin JA. The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:200-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRe‐evaluating the Utility of Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in the Critically Ill Patient: A Clinical Scenario‐Based Meta‐Analysis 15 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 8Page: 632-634KeywordsHemorrhageMotivationProphylaxisRelative risk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PREDICTORS OF ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN THE SPRINT TRIAL IDENTIFIED BY MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Nuha Gani, Amit Dey, Victoria Xin, Runqiu Wang, Ruba Shalhoub, Colin Wu, Tian Xin, Eileen Navarro Almario, Tejas Patel, Jerome Fleg, Anna Kettermann, Gyorgy Csako, George Sopko, Helena Sviglin, Lawton Cooper, Laboni Hoque, Gauri Dandi, Iffat Chowdhury, Keith Burkhart, Karim Calis, Ana Szarfman, Nehal Mehta, Frank Pucino, Yves Rosenberg, Ahmed Hasan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2019)
The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B in the United States. Need for alternative vaccination strategies
Authors: M. J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine trends in the incidence and epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in the United States we conducted intensive surveillance for viral hepatitis in four sentinel counties from October 1, 1981, to September 30, 1988. The overall incidence of hepatitis B remained relatively constant throughout the study period (average, 13.2 cases per 100 000 population), but disease transmission patterns changed significantly. The proportions of hepatitis B cases accounted for by homosexual activity and health care employment decreased 62% and 75%, respectively; the proportions of cases accounted for by parenteral drug use and heterosexual exposure increased 80% and 38%, respectively. The percentage of patients for whom no risk factor was identified (30% to 40%) did not change over time. These patients tended to belong to minority populations, and their socioeconomic level was low. The decline in the number of hepatitis B cases among homosexual men probably results from the modification of high-risk sexual behavior; the decline among health care workers is due mostly to hepatitis B immunization. The current strategy for prevention of hepatitis B, which targets high-risk groups for immunization, has failed to have a significant impact on the incidence of disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1218-1222)