tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroid drugs in the management of asthma
Authors: H. M. Carryer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It has been approximately 15 years since the introduction of corticosteroid drugs for the treatment of allergic disorders.<sup>1</sup>The potency of these drugs is now widely recognized. Also recognized are associated undesirable side effects and circumstances that seemingly perpetuate a need for these drugs. It is toward the treatment of asthma, however, that this discussion is primarily directed. The corticosteroid drugs have significantly extended the treatment of the asthmatic patient. However, some doubt exists among physicians as to the proper place such steroids should occupy in the management of asthma. Concern does not seem to arise from lack of information regarding their value but, instead, from apprehension about their side effects and about starting a therapeutic program which may prove difficult to stop. To a degree, such apprehension is indeed well justified. Yet, there is a middle ground wherein one neither uses these drugs injudiciously nor withholds them from
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Radiotherapy for Spinal Canal Compression 2084Radiotherapy may be less burdensome for severely ill patients if received at one time rather than over several hospital visits.Hoskin and colleagues randomized 686 patients with malignant metastatic solid tumors and spinal canal compression and found that a single radiotherapy dose, compared with a multifraction dose delivered over 5 days, did not meet the primary end point for noninferiority.Visual Abstract jama.comCME jamanetwork.com/learninge-Cigarette Use Among US Youth 2095 Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which can harm the developing brain.Cullen and colleagues analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 18 934 US high school and middle school students and found that in 2019 the prevalence of self-reported e-cigarette use was high among high school and middle school students, with many current e-cigarette users reporting frequent use and most of the exclusive e-cigarette users reporting use of fl avored e-cigarettes.
Abstract 18554: Patient, Cardiac Arrest and Hospital Characteristics That Predict Receipt of Coronary Angiography in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Tasha Hanuschak, Steven Brooks, Laurie Morrison, Paul Peng, Cathy Zhan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Previous studies have suggested an association between coronary angiography and improved outcomes amongst post cardiac arrest patients. Our objective was to measure the association between patient and hospital-level characteristics and receipt of coronary angiography to generate hypotheses to inform a definitive trial. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study of data from 28 hospitals in Southern Ontario between March 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014. We included consecutive adult patients with atraumatic, OHCA, who achieved return of spontaneous circulation, and were alive 6 hours after hospital arrival. Multi-level logistic regression was used to measure the relationship between patient and hospital-level covariates and receipt of coronary angiography, adjusted for clustering and potential confounders. Results: During the period of study, 2678 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria; mean age 66(±16), 68.3% male, 45.9% shockable initial rhythm, 84.2% comatose at hospital admission. Overall, 32.4% received coronary angiography and 21.8% received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Coronary angiography use varied from 12.7% to 63.6% across the sites. Factors significantly associated with receiving coronary angiography included ST-elevation (OR=23.31, CI95 17.64-30.80), being comatose at hospital arrival (OR=0.15, CI95 0.10-0.23), shockable initial cardiac rhythm (OR=4.87, CI95 3.70-6.41), bystander AED use (OR=2.05, CI95 1.21-3.47), EMS-witnessed arrest (OR=1.80, CI95 1.16-2.78), initiation of therapeutic hypothermia (OR=1.96, CI95 1.38-2.79), initial admission to a PCI centre (OR=3.20, CI95 1.78-5.76), male sex (OR=1.43, CI95 1.07-1.90) and age (OR=0.98, CI95 0.97-0.99). Conclusions: There is significant variability in receipt of coronary angiography after cardiac arrest. We identified several patient and hospital-level factors that contribute to this variability. Future work should determine which post arrest patients will benefit most from urgent angiography and develop and evaluate knowledge translation strategies to ensure consistent delivery of best practices.
Hemocholecyst. An angiographic demonstration
Authors: G. Angres
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HEMOBILIA is an uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, but one that is readily diagnosed by hepatic angiography. Of the 500 reported cases, bleeding originated from the gallbladder (hemocholecyst) in 13%, and usually resulted from erosion of the cystic artery in conjunction with cholelithiasis.<sup>1</sup>Following is a report of hemocholecyst diagnosed preoperatively by angiography. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 64-year-old white man was first seen at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center with signs and symptoms suggesting diverticulitis of the colon. Roentgenograms identified a large, laminated calculus in the projection of the gallbladder and a reflex ileus pattern. On the 13th hospital day, an enema with barium sulfate (Fig 1) showed a paracolic mass on the right, which was found at laparotomy to be an infected hematoma. The patient did well and was discharged; his condition was diagnosed as retroperitoneal abscess caused by a perforated colonic diverticulum. The patient was
Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine: Being an encyclopedic collection of rare and extraordinary cases and of the most striking instances of abnormality in all branches of medicine and surgery, derived from an exhaustive research of medical literature from its origin to the present day, abstracted, classified, annotated and indexed.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

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A phase I study of nanoliposomal irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in combination with interleukin-1-alpha antagonist for advanced pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia (OnFX).
Authors: Andrew Eugene Hendifar, Sungjin Kim, Mourad Tighiouart, Emily Hautamaki, Haesoo Kim, Camille Ng, Jar-Yee Liu, Kevin S. Scher, Samuel J Klempner, Veronica Placencio-Hickok, Gillian Gresham, Jun Gong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

4634 Background: Interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α) promotes tumor inflammation by shaping the tumor microenvironment, including tumor infiltrating myeloid cell recruitment, angiogenesis, and skewing and suppression of anti-tumor immunity. IL-1a inhibition in cancer subjects increased lean body mass and decreased fatigue, pain, and appetite loss. We report results of a single site phase 1 trial for an IL-1α antagonist (bermekimab) in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (Nal-Iri) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/folinic acid (FA) in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma and cachexia who have failed gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Methods: A Bayesian adaptive design based on escalation with overdose control was used. Data are presented as frequency (percentage, %) for categorical variables and mean (± standard deviation) for continuous variables. Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass were assessed at cycle 1 and 3, and T-test was used to assess changes. Results: Of 21 pts enrolled, 18 were evaluable. Median age was 68. Bermekimab in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (70 mg/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (2400mg/m2) was well tolerated at the highest dose level (12mg/kg). 10 pts experienced grade 3/4 toxicities including sepsis, anemia, hypokalemia, neutropenia, or leukopenia. There were no instances of grade 3/4 diarrhea. Ten pts (56%) had weight stability ( &lt; 0.1 kg/BMI). Efficacy results include PR (n = 4, 22%), SD (n = 13, 72%), and PD (n = 1, 6%). PFS 7.7 m (95% CI: 4.34-12.73) and OS 10.5 m (95% CI: 5.79-17.70) were reported. LBM and fat mass change was -1.6 kg (± 2.0; p-value = 0.003) and -1.4 kg (± 1.7; p-value = 0.004). CRP was 20.4 (± 35.6) at cycle 1 and decreased significantly (p-value = 0.005). Serum VEGF decreased from C1 to C3 (p-value = 0.007). QLQ-PAN26 domains improved, particularly hepatic function (p = 0.04). FAACT scores improved for functional well-being (p = 0.02). Average daily step counts increased by 589 steps/day (p = 0.29) and resting heart rate decreased by 2.5 beats per minute (p = 0.005), as assessed by actigraphy. Conclusions: Bermekimab, nano-liposomal irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil in refractory pancreatic cancer patients with cachexia was well-tolerated with promising efficacy and improvements in patient performance. Clinical trial information: NCT03207724 .
Glaucoma in blacks: where do we go from here?
Authors: M. R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence for involvement of oxygen free radicals in bile acid toxicity to isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: R Sokol
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The mechanisms by which hydrophobic bile acids are toxic to the liver are unknown. To determine whether the generation of free radicals is involved in the hepatotoxicity of bile acids, freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated with individual bile acids (100 to 200 μmol/L) for 4 hr. Hepatocyte viability (trypan blue exclusion) declined to 40% to 50% in incubations with taurochenodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid, whereas taurocholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were not toxic. Lipid peroxidation was significantly associated with the loss of cell viability. Preincubation with different antioxidants - D-α-tocopheryl succinate, D-α-tocopherol, diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, superoxide dismutase, catalase, superoxide dismutase + catalase, deferoxamine or apotransferrin - protected against the loss of viability and inhibited lipid peroxidation in cells incubated with 200 μmol/L taurolithocholic acid. α-Tocopheryl succinate added after 90 min of incubation with taurolithocholic acid ameliorated further hepatocyte toxicity and lipid peroxidation. Incubation of hepatocytes with 500 μmol/L of taurochenodeoxycholic acid or taurolithocholic acid under a low oxygen tension (9% O2) similarly caused lipid peroxidation and cell injury that was reversed by preincubation with D-α-tocopherol. These data suggest that oxygen free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of bile acid hepatotoxicity. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:869–881.)
Masthead: (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2018)
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Citizenship: Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have focused on sharing our content with those in need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, creating global guidelines and best practices for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts.
Atopic dermatitis, <scp>STAT</scp>3‐ and <scp>DOCK</scp>8‐hyper‐IgE syndromes differ in IgE‐based sensitization pattern
Authors: A. C. Boos, B. Hagl, A. Schlesinger, B. E. Halm, N. Ballenberger, M. Pinarci, V. Heinz, D. Kreilinger, B. D. Spielberger, L. F. Schimke‐Marques, J. Sawalle‐Belohradsky, B. H. Belohradsky, B. Przybilla, B. Schaub, A. Wollenberg, E. D. Renner
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background Increased serum IgE levels are characteristic but not specific for allergic diseases. Particularly, severe atopic dermatitis ( AD ) overlaps with hyper‐IgE syndromes ( HIES ) regarding eczema, eosinophilia, and increased serum IgE levels. HIES are primary immunodeficiencies due to monogenetic defects such as in the genes DOCK 8 and STAT 3 . As it is not known to date why allergic manifestations are not present in all HIES entities, we assessed the specificity of serum IgE of AD and HIES patients in the context of clinical and immunological findings. Methods Clinical data, skin prick tests, specific IgE to aero‐ and food allergens, and T helper (Th) subpopulations were compared in AD and molecularly defined HIES patients. Results Total serum IgE levels were similarly increased in STAT3‐HIES, DOCK8‐HIES, and AD patients. The ratio of aeroallergen‐specific IgE to total IgE was highest in AD, whereas DOCK8‐HIES patients showed the highest specific serum IgE against food allergens. Overall, clinical allergy and skin prick test results complied with the specific IgE results. Th2‐cell numbers were significantly increased in DOCK8‐HIES and AD patients compared to STAT3‐ HIES patients and controls. AD patients showed significantly higher nT reg‐cell counts compared to STAT 3‐HIES and control individuals. High Th17‐cell counts were associated with asthma. Specific IgE values, skin prick test, and T‐cell subsets of STAT3‐HIES patients were comparable with those of healthy individuals except decreased Th17‐cell counts. Conclusion Hyper‐IgE syndromes and atopic dermatitis patients showed different sensitization pattern of serum IgE corresponding to the allergic disease manifestations and Th‐cell subset data, suggesting a key role of DOCK 8 in the development of food allergy.
Efficacy of instant glucose
Authors: H. M. Rosenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recently my patients have complained of disturbing experiences with generic drugs, which have unnerved them. Pharmacists have filled prescriptions with generic drugs of a different size, shape, and color. My patients have been concerned that the prescriptions were not filled properly. They have not believed the pharmacists who reassured them that the generic drug was the proper drug and was of the appropriate dosage. This has often been a difficult situation for me. As long as generic drugs vary so much in appearance from the brand name preparation, there will always be doubt in the mind of the patient. As the confidence of the patient is so necessary in the physician-patient relationship, this new element must be given considerable attention.
Operative Surgery
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 378: HDAC inhibition enhances MEK antagonist therapy in uveal melanoma through combined blockade of YAP, AKT and RTK signaling
Authors: Fernanda Faiao-Flores, Michael Emmons, Michael Durante, Biswarup Saha, Bin Fang, John Koomen, Srikumar Chellappan, Silvya Maria-Engler, Jonathan Licht, William Harbour, Keiran Smalley
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Around 85-90% of all uveal melanomas harbor driver mutations in GNAQ or GNA11 leading to constitutive activation of numerous signaling pathways, including the MAPK pathway. MEK inhibitors have been evaluated clinically for metastatic uveal melanoma, but the responses are short-lived and the mechanisms of adaptation are poorly understood. In the current study, we performed RNA-seq and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to define the adaptive response of uveal melanoma cells to MEK inhibition and to design more effective combination therapy strategies. These analyses showed that MEK inhibition caused cytoskeleton remodeling driven by cortactin/Rho-GTPases with an increase in YAP activity, which in turn allowed therapeutic escape. Cortactin knockdown decreased YAP activity in response to MEK inhibition, increased cell death in vitro and was associated with tumor shrinkage in vivo. The proteomic data showed that MEK inhibition increased HDAC activity and an increase in global protein deacetylation. Co-targeting of HDACs and MEK was associated with increased apoptosis, decreased survival in 2D and 3D cell culture assays and suppression of YAP signaling. As YAP was unlikely to be the only escape pathway, we performed kinome and RTK arrays and demonstrated MEK inhibition also increases ROR1/2 and IGF-1R phosphorylation, leading to downstream PI3K/AKT signaling. At a signal transduction level, the combination of a pan-HDAC inhibitor (panobinostat) with a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) blocked all of the adaptive signaling pathways we identified, including RTKs, AKT, YAP and cortactin. In vivo xenograft studies revealed the MEK/HDAC inhibitor combination to outperform either agent alone, leading to long-term decrease of tumor growth and the suppression of adaptive PI3K/AKT, cortactin and YAP signaling. These findings identify HDAC inhibitors as a promising combination partner for MEK inhibitors in advanced uveal melanoma that may lead to improved systemic responses. Citation Format: Fernanda Faiao-Flores, Michael Emmons, Michael Durante, Biswarup Saha, Bin Fang, John Koomen, Srikumar Chellappan, Silvya Maria-Engler, Jonathan Licht, William Harbour, Keiran Smalley. HDAC inhibition enhances MEK antagonist therapy in uveal melanoma through combined blockade of YAP, AKT and RTK signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 378.
Infection complicating percutaneous liver biopsy in liver transplant recipients
Authors: A Larson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

There is controversy about the frequency of and risk factors for infectious complications of percutaneous liver biopsy in liver transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence and nature of complications associated with liver biopsy after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), with particular emphasis on infection. The medical records of all patients undergoing OLT between January 1990 and August 1994 were reviewed retrospectively to identify complications requiring hospitalization within one week of percutaneous liver biopsy. The nature and severity of complications were recorded and possible risk factors for infectious complications were examined. One hundred ninety-eight patients underwent 1,136 percutaneous liver biopsies. There were eleven complications (0.96%), including as follows: 7 infections, 3 bleeding episodes, and 1 vasovagal reaction. Infections after percutaneous liver biopsy included fever and bacteremia (n = 6), and fever without bacteremia (n = 1). All infections developed only in patients with underlying biliary tract abnormalities; the frequency of infection was higher (9.8%) in patients with choledochojejunostomy when compared with those with choledochocholedochostomy (1.4%). Bacteremia was more likely caused by skin flora in patients with choledochocholedochostomy (CDC) and by enteric bacteria in patients with choledochojejunostomy (CDJ). All infections were treated successfully with parenteral antibiotics. We conclude that biliary tract abnormalities are the primary risk factors for infection after percutaneous liver biopsy, although the risk is higher in patients with CDJ than with CDC. These data support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous liver biopsy in OLT recipients with biliary tract abnormalities.
THE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE MAINTENANCE OF PRIVATE ASYLUMS A CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal