tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
State of the Public Health in Birmingham
Journal: BMJ (1841)

THE PTU1BLIC IEALTH l I3IfMINGHAM.memorial, various attempts have been made to obtaini a radical cure of lhernia.It is not our intention to enter on any examination of those various methods, many of which have failed, but to describe briefly the one -which Dr. Lafond seems to hav-e employed at Paris for many years with considerable success, and which is described at length in the pamphlet now before us.In order to obtain the radical cure of hernia by means of a truss, we must fulfil two indications; first, the pad must be so constructed as to obliterate, by its pressure, the opening through which the hernia passes; and, secondly, this obliteration must be rendered permanent, othervise the hernia will return as soon as the truss is removed."As regards the first indication," says Al. Lafond, " I had only to conform to the anatomical condition of the hernia, a disposition varying much, as it is known, not only in the different regions, but also according to the size, kind, and
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy 635Bi and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 randomized clinical trials including 5405 individuals They found that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of infants being small for gestational age and improved growth during infancy without an increased risk of fetal or neonatal mortality or congenital abnormality.
Factors Influencing Reproduction and Genetic Toxic Effects on Male Gonads
Authors: I. P. Lee, R. L. Dixon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The objective of toxicological study of a target organ, such as the testis, is to elucidate the qualitative and quantitative toxic effects of a chemical on that organ. The ultimate objective is to assess the toxic effects of a chemical in laboratory animals and extrapolate the pertinent experimental data to man. To accomplish these objectives, one must consider the main factors which may influence and modulate the toxic effects of chemicals in the organ. In the male gonads, such modifying factors are the pharmacokinetic parameters governing the absorption, distribution, activation and detoxification of indirect carcinogens, covalent bindings to macromolecules, and DNA damage as well as DNA repair of damaged germ cells. All of these factors have been presently studied in our laboratory and are discussed in this paper with the exception of covalent bindings to macromolecules. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the functional blood–testis barrier (BTB) closely resembles the blood-brain barrier in transport characteristics: the permeability of nonelectrolytes and the acidic drugs with pKa values depend upon their molecular size and their partition coefficients, respectively. Thus, the functional BTB, restricts the permeability of many foreign compounds to male germ cells. Studies of mixed function oxidases and cytochrome P-450 system in male gonads demonstrated that the presence of AHH, EH, and GSH-ST implicate activation and detoxification of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Thus, active electrophiles may exert significant toxic effects locally within both interstitial and germ cell compartments. The presence of an efficient DNA repair system in premeiotic spermatogenic cells (and not in spermiogenic cells) can further modify both toxic and mutagenic events in the subsequent differentiation of germ cells to mature spermatozoa.
Bacterial translocation up-regulates GTP-cyclohydrolase I in mesenteric vasculature of cirrhotic rats
Authors: R Wiest
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

In cirrhosis, arterial vasodilation and the associated hemodynamic disturbances are most prominent in the mesenteric circulation, and its severity has been linked to bacterial translocation (BT) and endotoxemia. Synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), the main vasodilator implicated, is dependent on the essential cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). The key enzyme involved in BH4 synthesis is GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH-I), which is stimulated by endotoxin. Therefore, we investigated GTPCH-I activity and BH4 biosynthesis in the mesenteric vasculature of cirrhotic rats with ascites, as well as their relationship with BT and endotoxemia, serum NO, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). GTPCH-I activity and BH4 content in mesenteric vasculature was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. BT was assessed by standard bacteriologic culture of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Serum endotoxin was measured by a kinetic turbidimetric limulus amebocyte lysate assay, and serum NO metabolite (NOx) concentrations were assessed by chemiluminescence. BT was associated with local lymphatic and systemic appearance of endotoxin and was accompanied by increases in serum NOx levels. GTPCH-I activity and BH4 content in mesenteric vasculature were both increased in animals with BT and correlated significantly (r = 0.69, P < .01). Both GTPCH-I activity and BH4 levels significantly correlated with serum endotoxin and NOx levels (r = 0.69 and 0.54, 0.81 and 0.53, P < .05). MAP (a marker of systemic vasodilatation) correlated with endotoxemia (r = 0.58, P < .03) and with GTPCH-I activity (r = 0.69, P < .01). In conclusion, in cirrhotic animals BT appears to lead to endotoxemia, stimulation of GTPCH-I, increased BH4 synthesis, and further enhancement of vascular NO production that leads to aggravation of vasodilatation. (Hepatology 2003;38:1508-1515.)
Improving quality of mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa: randomised controlled trial
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve the mother-infant relationship and security of infant attachment in a South African peri-urban settlement with marked adverse socioeconomic circumstances.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in South Africa.Participants 449 pregnant women.Interventions The intervention was delivered from late pregnancy and for six months postpartum.Women were visited in their homes by previously untrained lay community workers who provided support and guidance in parenting.The purpose of the intervention was to promote sensitive and responsive parenting and secure infant attachment to the mother.Women in the control group received no therapeutic input from the research team.Main outcome measures Primary outcomes: quality of mother-infant interactions at six and 12 months postpartum; infant attachment security at 18 months.Secondary outcome: maternal depression at six and 12 months.Results The intervention was associated with significant benefit to the mother-infant relationship.At both six and 12 months, compared with control mothers, mothers in the intervention group were significantly more sensitive (6 months: mean difference=0.77(SD 0.37), t=2.10,P<0.05, d=0.24; 12 months: mean difference=0.42(0.18), t=-2.04 , P<0.05, d=0.26) and less intrusive (6 months: mean difference=0.68(0.36), t=2.28,P<0.05, d=0.26; 12 months: mean difference=-1.76 (0.86), t=2.28 , P<0.05, d=0.24) in their interactions with their infants.The intervention was also associated with a higher rate of secure infant attachments at 18 months (116/156 (74%) v 102/162 (63%); Wald=4.74,odds ratio=1.70,P<0.05).Although the prevalence of maternal depressive disorder was not significantly reduced, the intervention had a benefit in terms of maternal depressed mood at six months (z=2.05,P=0.04) on the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale).Conclusions The intervention, delivered by local lay women, had a significant positive impact on the quality of the mother-infant relationship and on security of infant attachment, factors known to predict favourable child development.If these effects persist, and if they are replicated, this intervention holds considerable promise for use in the developing world.
OBITUARY NOTICES
Authors: G Cregan, Grandchildren.-John Hunt, Arnold Antonis
Journal: BMJ (1968)

of the best-known and best-loved general practitioners of his day in London, died on 21 December at the age of 81.George Theodore Cregan was born in Bel- fast in 1886.He was educated in Belfast and Manchester, where he began his medical career and played rugby football for the uni- versity.After house appointments in Liver- pool, working as resident medical officer in Manchester and as senior assistant medical superintendent of St. Pancras Infirmary in London, the first world war found him in France with the first unit of the British Red Cross under Sir Frederick Treves.Here he met his wife, Stella, whom he married in 1915, just before being posted to Gallipoli with the 29th Division, where he was wounded and contracted undulant fever.On recovery, he joined the 57th Division in France early in 1917, where he was awarded the Military Cross in the field " for conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty in attending the wounded and gassed, under heavy shell fire . . . the dressing station itself having been hit."A few months later he was awarded the Croix de Guerre for evacuating, under fire, women and children who were gas casualties in the cellars
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE PHARMACOPEIA
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proteogenomics Clarifies Picture of Lung Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract Three studies elucidate the proteomic and genomic characteristics of lung cancer and suggest new ways to treat the disease. The first study found distinct mutation patterns in Taiwanese patients, most of whom had never smoked. The second study, which included only Chinese patients, identified three groups with different prognoses. The third study of an international group of patients uncovered three new targets for drug development.
Errors in Table 1, Figure 3, and Results Section
Authors: Simon Mooijaart, Robert Puy
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Murali K. Matta, PhD; Jeffry Florian, PhD; Robbert Zusterzeel, MD, PhD, MPH; Nageswara R. Pilli, PhD; Vikram Patel, PhD; Donna A. Volpe, PhD; Yang Yang, PhD; Luke Oh, PhD; Edward Bashaw, PharmD; Issam Zineh, PharmD, MPH; Carlos Sanabria, MD; Sarah Kemp, RN; Anthony Godfrey, PharmD; Steven Adah, PhD; Sergio Coelho, PhD; Jian Wang, PhD; Lesley-Anne Furlong, MD; Charles Ganley, MD; Theresa Michele, MD; David G. Strauss, MD, PhD
Family Doctor
Authors: Elizabeth Toman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

On Being a DoctorDecember 16, 2008Family DoctorElizabeth Toman, MDElizabeth Toman, MDFrom New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I always wanted to be the family doctor. That is not to say that I regret my decision to be an internist. The narrower scope and focus on chronic illnesses suits me better than the impossibly broad field of family medicine. But my vision of being a doctor always included an image of my mother, otoscope in hand, examining a cousin or neighbor at our dining room table. She was our family's doctor.Maybe it was difficult to get health insurance for outpatient visits in the 1960s. Perhaps my Depression-era aunts and uncles would simply never pay for something they ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Elizabeth Toman, MDAffiliations: From New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108.Corresponding Author: Elizabeth Toman, MD, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro Drive Southeast, Albuquerque, NM 87108; e-mail, [email protected]. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: 907-908KeywordsAgingAlcoholicsAlcoholsAnesthesiaBirthChildrenCholecystectomyEmotionsFoodGraduate medical educationHealth insuranceHepatitis AHepatitis BHistologyOutpatientsPharyngitisSurgeonsSurgeryTaxesVision ePublished: 16 December 2008 Issue Published: December 16, 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Teratogen may be implicated in lethal congenital syndrome
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An unidentified teratogen, as detrimental to fetal development as thalidomide, may lurk in our environment. That news comes from investigators who are now seeing infants born (in places as diverse as Alaska and Florida) with imperforate anus, renal agenesis or dysplasia, postaxial polydactyly, nail dysplasia, unusual facies, multiple frenula of the gums, laryngeal clefts, bifid or absent epiglottis, and additional anomalies that vary from case to case. The affected infant invariably dies shortly after birth. Autopsy reveals a bizarre hypothalamic tumor that has resulted in a malformed pituitary area. The resulting absence of functional pituitary tissue accounts for the hypopituitarism, hypoadrenalism, and, in males, microphallus that also characterize the syndrome. In four of six known cases, says Judith Hall, MD, the mothers reported exposure to herbicides or pesticides (including an unidentified substance sprayed on plants at a campsite and a common commercial fumigant for household use) early in the first
Medical workforce planning and medical education. Attaining consensus
Authors: C. J. Martini
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE CANADIAN province of Ontario announced in late April 1993 its plans for a 75% pay cut for newly certified physicians in several specialties<sup>1</sup>to discourage excessive numbers in areas of oversupply, then reduced the recommended cut to 25%. This extreme shift is emblematic of patterns in many countries, where inadequate forecasting techniques and overly centralized interventions have led to changes or even reversals in recommendations that attempt to balance the number and mix of health care providers with population needs. Whether the forecasting shifts accompanied medical workforce planning or a free market system, they have wasted personal and institutional resources. The United Kingdom, for example, projected shortages of physicians in 1944 and 1968, yet identified surpluses in 1957, 1978, and 1985.<sup>2</sup>Subsequent planning activities affected the development of new schools, the intake of students, and the availability of graduate medical education. The Todd report<sup>3</sup>on medical
Chromosome Studies in Patients with Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutation Frequencies in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Florentia Fostira, Ioannis Papaconstantinou
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Inflationary Outrage
Authors: Charles J. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In last Sunday's "Peanuts" comic strip the sign on Lucy's psychiatric booth states that the charge for consultation is now 7¢. Her previous rate had been 5¢, so that the 7¢ represents a 40% increase in her rate. I was wondering how she was able to make this high increase, in view of the President's Price Commissions Guidelines for physicians' charges.
American Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of snkaebite
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The communication by Dr Glass ("Early Debridement in Pit Viper Bites") contains a number of statements to which I take vigorous exception, his vast surgical experience notwithstanding. First of all he states that, on envenomation, ischemia develops; he then goes on to recommend not only proximal but distal tourniquets, despite apparently believing that there is little lymphatic absorption of venin. I have always felt that tourniquets were placed<i>solely</i>to retard lymphatic spread of venin, especially its lysolecithin fraction, which is extremely destructive of tissue and is also a potent kinin releaser. If, as he states, he believes venin is not significantly transported by lymphatics then he is apparently recommending tourniquets to obstruct venous absorption of venins: this would require a very tight tourniquet in an admittedly ischemic extremity and would therefore substantially increase the chance of ischemic tissue loss. He then goes on, without saying why,
Congenital Rubella
Authors: Jyoti Matalia, Sheetal Shirke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

An 8-month-old child was brought to the clinic by his parents, who reported that he had had white opacities and “shaky” eyes since 4 months of age. On examination, the child had wandering eye movements with bilateral central, dense, white, nuclear congenital cataracts.
The `Treacherous' Steroid Ulcer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract Section
Authors: Richard J. Kester
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am concerned with a change in format that occurs in Volume 175 ofThe Journalof the American Medical Association. We now receive abstracts (References and Reviews) interspersed with lions that have ingested Notec, bowling balls that are to some extent Trancopalpropelled, and night latches to remind us that Mysteclin provides an extra margin of caution. And just as important, our abstracts are now indexed in the advertising section. This is a great loss to those who enjoy having their journals bound. I also note that Volume 176 starts with the April 8, 1961 issue. Does that mean that the volumes will now be published quarterly?