tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asbestos-associated diseases: lessons from the past for the future
Authors: A. Fischbein
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Asbestos-associated diseases constitute an important occupational health problem in the United States, and<i>JAMA</i>has been in the vanguard in transmitting information on this matter to the medical and scientific communities.<sup>1</sup> In his recent COMMENTARY, Dr John Craighead<sup>2</sup>addresses several issues on asbestos-related diseases in the context of two recent reports published in<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>3,4</sup>These, according to the commentary, "contribute to the confusion expressed by many physicians." We would rather consider the publication of case reports, including our own, which discusses the occurrence of mesothelioma in a man who had worked in the immediate vicinity of a navy yard, as attempts to shed further light on complex issues. Case reports frequently address unusual clinical problems and often serve as departure points for epidemiologic investigations as well. The suggestion that there is an association between asbestos exposure and lung cancer, reported in 1935 by Lynch
New Translational Research on Novel Drugs for Hepatitis C Virus 1B Infection by Using A Replicon System and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Leen Delang, Johan Neyts
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Dr. Moriguchi and colleagues raise two issues in their letter. The first is related to the statins (simvastatin and mevastatin) that were used in our in vitro combination studies. We agree with Dr. Moriguchi that pitavastatin possesses the strongest anti–hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity among the statins tested in their replicon assay.1 Their suggestion to evaluate the in vitro antiviral effects of combinations of HCV polymerase and protease inhibitors with pitavastatin is therefore interesting and appropriate. However, it should be noted that pitavastatin cannot be easily obtained, for which reason we did not include this compound in our study. The aim of our study was to demonstrate a proof-of-concept2; inclusion of pitavastatin would very likely have resulted in similar data and/or the same conclusions. The second issue was related to the evaluation of the toxicity of combination therapies. We agree that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide an interesting and useful tool to assess the potential toxicity of the combination therapy. However, we are not aware of any other publication in which (novel) inhibitors of HCV replication were reported, that made use of this iPSCs to assess potential toxicity of such compounds. As was recently reviewed by Heng and colleagues, there remain several important questions regarding the use of iPSCs in toxicology (screening) assays.3 It is currently unknown how the epigenetic state of reprogrammed iPSCs compares with that of human embryonic stem cells derived from "normal" human blastocyst-stage embryos. Moreover, the derivation of iPSCs entails permanent genetic modification to somatic cells, due to the use of viral transduction of recombinant DNA. Integration of recombinant DNA within the genome of iPSCs might cause these cells, or their differentiated progenies, to behave differently from normal unmodified human cells, in particular when exposed to toxic challenges. Leen Delang*, Johan Neyts*, * Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Phenolphthalein-Containing Laxative Use in Relation to Adenomatous Colorectal Polyps in Three Studies
Authors: Matthew P. Longnecker, Dale P. Sandler, Robert W. Haile, Robert S. Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in many laxatives, was recently found to be a carcinogen in animal models. Human data suggest a laxative-colon cancer association, but few data specifically address the effects of phenolthalein-containing laxatives. We examined use of phenolphtalein-containing laxatives in relation to occurrence of adenomatous colorectal polyps in data from three case-control studies. The study conducted in Los Angeles, California (1991-1993), and the two studies conducted in North Carolina (1988-1990 and 1992-1995) altogether included 866 cases and 1,066 controls. The prevalence of using phenolphthalein-containing laxatives at least once a week in the recent past, however, was less than 5% among these subjects. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios associated with recent use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives once a week or more were 1.8 -95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-6.2] in Los Angeles, 1.0 (CI, 0.4-2.2) in North Carolina (1988-1990), and 1.1 (CI, 0.2-5.7) in North Carolina (1992-1995). For use of other types of laxatives, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.3 (CI, 0.9-1.9) in Los Angeles, 1.0 (CI, 0.5-1.7) in North Carolina (1988-1990), and 0.9 (CI, 0.4-1.8) in North Carolina (1992-1995). Although the low prevalence of frequent use made for relatively wide confidence intervals, overall these data suggest that use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives does not increase risk of adenomatous colorectal polyps.
Distinct sputum cytokine profiles in cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory airway disease
Authors: E Osika, JM Cavaillon, K Chadelat, M Boule, C Fitting, G Tournier, A Clement
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The dominant role of inflammation in airways disease progression in cystic fibrosis (CF) is now well established and, based on recent findings, the possibility of an inappropriate inflammatory response in the lung of patients with CF has emerged. In order to characterize this response, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the levels of a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the sputum of CF children and to compare these levels to those observed in the sputum from non-CF children with diffuse bronchiectasis (DB). Three groups of patients were investigated: a group of 25 CF children (mean age: 12.2 yrs), a group of 10 non-CF children with DB (mean age 11.5 yrs), and a group of five healthy young adults (mean age 24 yrs). Elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-8 were found in children with CF and in non-CF children with DB, with significantly higher concentrations of IL-1beta in CF children. Analysis of the natural anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and type II TNF soluble receptor (sTNFRII) concentrations showed distinct patterns, with elevated levels of both inhibitors in CF patients, whereas only sTNFRII was found to be increased in non-CF children with DB. IL-10 data indicated low concentrations in the CF group. In all CF children, the concentrations of IL-6 in the airways were extremely low, independent of the clinical, bacteriological or functional status. By contrast, significantly increased IL-6 levels were found in non-CF children with DB. These results document distinct cytokine profiles in cystic fibrosis patients and noncystic fibrosis patients. They also suggest that impairment of interleukin-6 expression may represent an important component of the excessive inflammatory response observed in cystic fibrosis.
Use of Breath Hydrogen and Methane as Markers of Colonic Fermentation in Epidemiologic Studies: Circadian Patterns of Excretion
Authors: Loic Le Marchand, Lynne R. Wilkens, Patricia Harwood, Robert V. Cooney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Fermentation in the large bowel has been postulated to play a protective role against colon cancer.Hydrogen and methane are end products of this fermentation process and are absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via expired air in the breath.Breath levels of hydrogen and, to a lesser extent, methane correlate strongly with colonic fermentation and may serve as useful biomarkers for this process.In a preliminary study to assess the usefulness of these two markers in epidemiologic studies, we followed the hourly excretion of the two gases in expired alveolar air for 48 hr in 20 healthy subjects, using a Quintron gas chromatograph equipped with a solid- state detector specific for reducing gases.All subjects excreted hydrogen, but 71% did not excrete methane.Possible atmospheric contamination of the samples was corrected for on the basis of breath carbon dioxide levels.A clear circadian pattern of excretion was observed for breath hydrogen, with a decrease during the early morning followed by a progressive increase during the rest of the day.Methane excretion was constant throughout the day.This study shows that four samples collected at convenient times (0600,1300,1800, and 2200 hr) are optimal to characterize individuals by their breath excretions of hydrogen and methane during a 24-hr period.
Torulopsis glabrata endocarditis
Authors: H. D. Holliday
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<i>TORULOPSIS glabrata</i>is a fungal organism of the family Cryptococcaceae with low pathogenicity for man. It is a frequent saprophyte and can be cultured from the stool, skin, mouth, and vagina in healthy persons. Infections due to<i>T glabrata</i>occur principally in patients whose immune systems are suppressed, have indwelling venous or urinary catheters, or have been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics.<sup>1</sup>Documented cases of endocarditis due to<i>T glabrata</i>are uncommon; predisposing causes and clinical features have not been reviewed. A patient had tricuspid valve endocarditis secondary to<i>T glabrata</i>. Her illness followed abdominal surgery and was characterized by 33 months of episodic chills and fever. Other patients with<i>T glabrata</i>endocarditis have been described with features remarkably similar to those of our patient.<sup>2,3</sup>These similarities prompted this case report and review of the literature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old diabetic woman had undergone a uretero-ureterostomy for
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>Tuberculosis in Germany</h3> In the<i>Zeitschrift für Hygiene und Infektionskrankheiten</i>(Volume 103), Professor Möllers states that the mortality from tuberculosis, which was gradually decreasing before the war, has shown an upward tendency since 1914, and especially since 1918. The highest mortality since the war was reached in 1919; namely, 26.4 per 10,000 of population. In 1923 the mortality was 11.5 per cent. above that of 1914. A separate record has been kept of cases of tuberculosis in children under 15 years of age in the large cities of Germany, since Jan. 1, 1923, and during that year the rate was 2 per 10,000 of population. Since these large cities comprise about 27 per cent, of the whole population of Germany, the number of children under 15 dying of tuberculosis in all Germany in 1923 may be estimated at more than 12,000. But the increase in mortality has affected more especially
Reproductive toxicology. Methoxyacetic acid.
Authors: James Lamb, Julia George, Jerry Reel, Christina Myers, A Lawton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Methoxyacetic acid, the metabolite of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, was tested for reproductive toxicity in Swiss CD-1 mice using the RACB protocol (Morrissey et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 13:747-777 [1989]).It was part of a series of glycol ethers and congeners evaluated for structure-activity correlations using this design.Task 1, the dose-range-finding task, was not performed since sufficient information existed in the literature for dose level selection.Concentrations were set at 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4% in drinking water.These concentrations produced calculated consumption estimates of 0.0, 140, 240, and 390 mg/kg/day.There were body weight reductions in both sexes during the continuous breeding phase of the study.A 9% reduction occured in high dose males, while female body weights were reduced by 19% (0.1% dose), 24% (0.2%), and 32% (0.4%).These were related, at least in part, to reductions in water consumption of 19, 30, and 44% in the low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively.No pairs at the high dose delivered any live young.For the low and middle dose levels, respectively, there was a 14 and 33% reduction in the mean number of litters per pair, and a 33 and 86% reduction in num- ber of live pups per litter, with concomitant increases in the number of dead pups.Additionally, adjusted live pup weight was reduced by 8 and 15%.Thus, there were
RIO DE JANEIRO
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stat Bite: Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Stat Bite : Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 22, 15 November 1995, Page 1662, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1662 Published: 15 November 1995
Hospital attachments.
Authors: J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1968)

sera from some leukaemic patients do neutralize growth of mycoplasma first isolated by Negroni, though the inhibitor has not been shown to be antibody, and these results do not solve the problem of the role of this mycoplasma in aetiology of leukaemia, but they make it more likely that it, or an antigenically related organism, does infect man.Our thanks are due to Dr. R. J. C. Harris, who aranged for the tests and coded the samples.-We are, etc.,
Died suddenly.
Authors: W C Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

can we know whether the high pressure we record in the office or outpatient clinic is the patient's "real pressure"?You offer no solution other than admission to hospital.Surely there is a much simpler way-study the electrocardiogram.William Evans' taught that a high blood pressure in a patient with a normal electrocardiogram should be ignored, and subsequent studies have supported this view.Very recently, Sannerstedt et al.2 have reported a close correlation between electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and the resting blood pressure and level of systemic vascular resistance.Patients with a raised blood pressure who had a normal electrocar- diogram, had a normal vascular resistance.-Iam, etc.
OBSERVATIONS ON GASTRIC AND DUODENAL MOTILITY IN DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17160: Atrial Fibrosis as a Predictor for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Success: 5 Years Follow up Study
Authors: Pim Gal, Gagandeep Kaur, Kara A Johnson, Promporn Suksaranjit, Arif Elvan, Christina F Pacchia, Nassir F marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Left atrial (LA) fibrosis assessed by delayed enhancement (DE)-MRI has been shown in multiple studies to be strongly associated with AF and AF treatment outcome. In this study we assess the value of atrial fibrosis in predicting treatment success at 5 years follow up. Methods: 208 consecutive patients (Mean age 63.0 ±12.2 years, 54% had paroxysmal AF and mean LA fibrosis score was 16.3 ±11.2%) undergoing PVI between 2006 and 2009 with a DE-MRI of sufficient quality for LA fibrosis assessment were retrospectively analyzed. LA fibrosis was classified into 4 UTAH stages as recently described (I: 0-10%; II: 10-20%; III: 20-30%; IV: &gt;40%). Log-rank, Kruskal-Wallis and cox proportional hazard analyses were performed. Results: After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (q1-q3: 0.9-6.1), overall AF free survival was 63% after a mean of 1.4 PVI attempts. Figure 1 depicts the significant difference in arrhythmia recurrences among UTAH stages (I: 28% II: 37%: III: 58% IV: 91%, P&lt;0.001), as displayed in the figure. LA fibrosis was a significant predictor of long-term AF free survival (c-statistic: 0.669, P&lt;0.001). The mean number of PVI attempts was significantly different among UTAH stages (I: 1.29, II: 1.32, III: 1.47, IV: 1.8, P=0.003). In multivariate analysis, CHA2DS2VASc score (OR: 1.302, P=0.014), LA volume (OR: 1.008, P=0.013) and LA fibrosis (OR: 1.037, P&lt;0.001) were independently associated with AF free survival. Conclusion: LA fibrosis assessed by DE-MRI is an independent predictor of 5-year AF free survival. Moreover, patients with advanced degree of atrial fibrosis seems to require higher number of repeat ablation procedures to maintain sinus rhythm.
Practical Remarks on the Treatment of Congenital Cataract
Authors: G. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1864)

Fourteen cases form the entire number mentioned by Hebra, of which one occurred in a woman; and in one instance only was the disease arrested in its course.In the treatment of scrofulous lichen, which appears between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five years, cod-liver has proved an excellent agent, and the only one in Hebra's hands.It is given, however, in half-ounce doses twice a day, a less quantity proving of no benefit.He also advises its extelnal applica- tion, and directs the patient in the meantime to wear flannel or woollen clothes.For the relief of the other, or red lichen, Hebra places the most reliance on arsenic.The reader is referred, for further informa- lion, to Hebra's article in
Eleven-Year Survival in the Veterans Administration Randomized Trial of Coronary Bypass Surgery for Stable Angina
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We evaluated long-term survival after coronary-artery bypass grafting in 686 patients with stable angina who were randomly assigned to medical or surgical treatment at 13 hospitals and followed for an average of 11.2 years. For all patients and for the 595 without left main coronary-artery disease, cumulative survival did not differ significantly at 11 years according to treatment. The 7-year survival rates for all patients were 70 per cent with medical treatment and 77 per cent with surgery (P = 0.043), and the 11-year rates were 57 and 58 per cent, respectively. For patients without left main coronary-artery disease, the 7-year rates were 72 and 77 per cent in medically and surgically treated patients, respectively (P = 0.267), and the 11-year rates were 58 per cent in both groups. A statistically significant difference in survival suggesting a benefit from surgical treatment was found in patients without left main coronary-artery disease who were subdivided into high-risk subgroups defined angiographically, clinically, or by a combination of angiographic and clinical factors: (1) high angiographic risk (three-vessel disease and impaired left ventricular function) — at 7 years, 52 per cent in medically treated patients versus 76 per cent in surgically treated patients (P = 0.002); at 11 years, 38 and 50 per cent, respectively (P = 0.026); (2) clinically defined high risk (at least two of the following: resting ST depression, history of myocardial infarction, or history of hypertension) — at 7 years, 52 per cent in the medical group versus 72 per cent in the surgical group (P = 0.003); at 11 years, 36 versus 49 per cent, respectively (P = 0.015); and (3) combined angiographic and clinical high risk — at 7 years, 36 per cent in the medical group versus 76 per cent in the surgical group (P = 0.002); at 11 years, 24 versus 54 per cent, respectively (P = 0.005). Survival among patients with impaired left ventricular function differed significantly at 7 years (63 per cent in the medical group versus 74 per cent in the surgical group [P = 0.049]) but not at 11 years (49 versus 53 per cent). The surgical treatment policy resulted in a nonsignificant survival disadvantage throughout the 11 years in subgroups with normal left ventricular function, low angiographic risk, and low clinical risk, and a statistically significant disadvantage at 11 years in patients with two-vessel disease. We conclude that among patients with stable ischemic heart disease, those with a high risk of dying benefit from surgical treatment, but beyond seven years the survival benefit gradually diminishes. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1333–9.)
Pediatrics, Springfield, Ill
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Testosterone supplementation did not prevent cognitive decline or increase bone mineral density in older men
Authors: Eef Hogervorst
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Emmelot-Vonk MH, Verhaar HJ, Nakhai Pour HR, et al. Effect of testosterone supplementation on functional mobility, cognition, and other parameters in older men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299:39-52. 18167405