tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appendectomies during physicians' boycott. Analysis of surgical care
Authors: R. H. Pantell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The 1975 San Francisco physicians' boycott caused major changes in patterns of providing surgical care, but there was no appreciable change in the number of appendectomies performed during the boycott month when compared with a six-month period. The ratio of normal to inflamed appendices removed was no different during the boycott than it was during the control period, and no differences were noted in the percentage of cases perforating in the boycott month when compared with the control period. In addition, patients seeking care for appendicitis during the boycott month did not experience delays. The lack of change in the standard direct and indirect indicators used to monitor quality of care suggests no major lapses in appendicitis care occurred in San Francisco during the boycott. {<i>JAMA</i>242:1627-1630, 1979)
Absence of BSEP (ABCB11) protects MDR2 (ABCB4) KO mice from cholestatic liver and bile duct injury through modulating hepatic and intestinal inflammatory signaling
Authors: Claudia Fuchs, Veronika Mlitz, Matteo Tardelli, Jelena Remetic, Gustav Paumgartner, Susanne Wolfrum, Annika Wahlström, Marcus Ståhlman, Hubert schargl, Tatjana Stojakovic, Falk Hildebrand, Christian Wolfrum, Naiara Beraza, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Michael Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Is low-dose aspirin use associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer? A QResearch primary care database analysis
Authors: R. F. Logan, Y. Vinogradova, C. A. Coupland, J. Hippisley-Cox
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The chemopreventive effect of aspirin for colorectal cancer (CRC) is now well established. However, the dose and duration of aspirin use necessary for this effect is still unclear. Two very large US RCTs using low dose aspirin (325 and 100 mg alt. die) found no reduction in CRC incidence after 10 years follow-up, but a recent meta-analysis of five European aspirin trials suggested that aspirin in a dose of 75–300 mg daily resulted in a 24% reduction in CRC incidence.1 We have therefore examined the relationship between prescribed aspirin and CRC risk in QResearch, the largest primary care database in the United Kingdom. <h3>Methods</h3> A nested case-control study was conducted using data from 574 UK general practices in the QResearch database. Cases were all patients with &gt;15 years of records and diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1998 and 2008. Cases were matched to up to five controls. Prescriptions in the year before diagnosis were ignored. Association of aspirin use with risk of cancer was estimated in STATA using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socio-economic status and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and statins. <h3>Results</h3> There were 6643 patients diagnosed with CRC with 15 years of records in the database. Of 24% CRC cases and their controls had been prescribed aspirin at some point, 77% in a dose of 75 mg, 93% as ≤150 mg and 98% as 300 mg or less. Table 1 shows a gradual reduction in CRC risk (odds ratios) with increasing total duration of aspirin use (p for trend = 0.012). In a larger cohort with only 10 years of database records, there were 9534 CRCs and the risk of CRC with 7–9 years of aspirin use was 0.82 (0.73–0.93, p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Use of low dose aspirin is associated with about a 20% reduction in CRC incidence but this reduction is only evident after over 7 years of use. Although this is a modest reduction aspirin, combined with other agents such as calcium could result in a more substantial effect.
Long-term survival of patients with carcinoid syndrome in clinical trials of telotristat ethyl
Authors: P. Lapuerta, M.H. Kulke, M. Caplin, E. Bergsland, L. Anthony, K. Öberg, M. Pavel, D. Hörsch, T.M. O'Dorisio, J.S. Dillon, K. Kassler-Taub, W. Jiang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Postprandial serum bile acid for the detection of hepatobiliary disease
Authors: N. Kaplowitz
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Fasting and two-hour postprandial serum bile acid concentrations were measured in ten normal subjects and 26 patients with hepatobiliary disease. The two-hour postprandial serum bile acid was the only test with abnormal results in all 26 cases. No significant postprandial elevations occurred in normal controls. Ten patients had abnormal twohour postprandial serum bile acid values in association with normal fasting levels, and all showed a minimum 70% two-hour postprandial increase. A two-hour postprandial serum bile acid determination is a sensitive screening test for hepatobiliary disorders.
Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor interaction is a major regulator for liver fibrosis development in rats
Authors: H YOSHIJI, S KURIYAMA, J YOSHII, Y IKENAKA, R NOGUCHI, T NAKATANI, H TSUJINOUE, H FUKUI
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is frequently activated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) has been suggested to play an important role in liver fibrogenesis. It induces hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and up-regulates the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression via AT-II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) in vitro. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vivo effect of candesartan (CA), a clinically used AT1-R blocker (ARB), and perindopril (PE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACE-I), on pig serum-induced liver fibrosis development in rats. The clinically available comparable doses of CA and PE significantly attenuated the fibrosis development. These inhibitory effects of PE and CA were also found in the on-going liver fibrosis model. The hepatic hydroxyproline and serum fibrosis markers were significantly suppressed by CA and PE treatment. Furthermore, the α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells in number were markedly suppressed by CA and PE treatment. Similarly, the hepatic TGF-β1 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly suppressed. Our in vitro study showed that AT-II increased the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the activated HSCs, and this effect was totally blocked by CA. These results suggested that the RAS, especially AT-II and AT1-R interaction plays a pivotal role in liver fibrosis development through HSC activation. Because both CA and PE are widely used in clinical practice without serious side effects, these drugs may provide an effective new strategy for anti–liver fibrosis therapy.
Erratum to: Validation of the Better Care® system to detect ineffective efforts during expiration in mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study
Authors: Lluis Blanch, Bernat Sales, Jaume Montanya, Umberto Lucangelo, Oscar Garcia-Esquirol, Ana Villagra, Encarna Chacon, Anna Estruga, Massimo Borelli, Ma Jose Burgueño, Joan C. Oliva, Rafael Fernandez, Jesus Villar, Robert Kacmarek, Gastón Murias
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Public Health History
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PASSING OF THE CORONER.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral Surgery
Authors: Kurt H. Thoma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

The Surgical Correction of Jaw DeformitiesIn children many jaw deformities can be treated by means of orthodontic procedures. Later in life, or if the deformity is severe, surgical correction may give excellent cosmetic and occlusial results. The deformities referred to are mandibular protrusion (prognathism), mandibular retrusion (underdevelopment or micrognathia) and open incisor bite or apertognathia. These deformities are frequently of congenital origin, often inherited (Hapsburg jaw), or acquired through malunion of a fracture, underdevelopment as in early cases of ankylosis or overdevelopment due to such diseases as acromegaly or leontiasis ossea.One of two sites may be selected for . . .
Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: SOLOMON A. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Diabetes mellitus is classified into two major categories: type I, which is insulin dependent, and type II, which is not. Insulin resistance in type II diabetes may be related to impaired receptor binding in some forms of the disorder. In the past, diabetes in pregnant women resulted in high rates of maternal and infant mortality. During the past 10 years, however, better management of maternal diabetes has led to a significant sharp reduction in maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The long-term outcome of insulin-dependent diabetes remains gloomy, probably because adequate control of the disease has rarely been achieved. Recently, more stringent efforts have been made to achieve tighter control. Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels at home and use of constant infusion insulin pumps may help to achieve this end until successful islet transplantation is feasible.
Viewing the Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Authors: Mean Stanton, Vivianj Â€˜¿ Editor In Chief
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1973)

In our guest editorial, Wynder and Reddy (American Health Foundation, New York, New York) review investiga tions on cancer of the colon and the leads applicable to re search on the disease in man.To determine if any animal system can be related to man, the composition of bile acids, the overall bile flow, bacterial flora, constituents of the feces, and the ability of the animals to adjust to different diets must be considered.Studies should evaluate whether lower animal species can mimic the human system as it relates to the etiology of colon cancer.Wellings and Jenson (University of California, Davis, California) analyze 60 human breasts by a quantitative, three-dimensional, subgross method which permits identifi cation and counts of independent, solitary foci of hyperpla sia, dysplasia, and neoplasia.Since the smallest and earliest foci of human breast carcinoma in situ are localized in soli tary, terminal, ductal-lobular units, the authors hypothesize that the intralobular terminal duct and its attached ductules become distended with cancer cells; this distension progres sively enlarges and unfolds the ductules, with coalescence of the ductular lumens.The process may explain the conversion of lobular structures into largerovoid and circular profiles.The May issue includes three statistical studies:(1) In 1,633 histologically confirmed casesof Hodgkin's disease among Connecticut residents during 1940-69, Krys cioand associates (National CancerInstitute, Bethesda, Maryland) found no evidence for clustering of the disease.(2) Akazaki and Stemmerman (Aichi Cancer Center Re search Institute, Nagoya, Japan, and Kuakini Hospital, Hon olulu, Hawaii) observed no difference in the age-adjusted prevalence of latent prostatic carcinoma among native Japa neseand Japanese in Hawaii.But in Hawaiian Japanese, in vasive cancer of the prostate is more common than in native Japanese.Environmental factors are suggested asthe cause for this difference.(3) Frequency ratios of 694 histologically diagnosed cancers in 693 United States Indians are tabulated according to primary site and sex by Dunham et al. (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland), with application of an age correct ion factor to validate comparison of data from Indians with those of United States whites.Cancers of the gallblad der, urinary tract, uterus, and salivary glands are more preva lent in Indians.Lung and urinary bladder tumors are compar atively infrequent in Indians.
INTERNATIONAL ABSTRACTS
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P56 Impact Of Pharmacist-led Asthma And Copd Reviews In General Practice
Authors: H. Khachi
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) account for a significant burden of disease in the UK. In a local initiative, a respiratory pharmacist carried out structured asthma and COPD reviews aimed at improving clinical outcomes in a primary care setting. <h3>Aims and objectives</h3> This study aims to assess the impact of asthma and COPD reviews in accordance with national guidelines and standards of care. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was carried out prospectively, during one day a week basis, over a twelve month period across six GP surgeries. Patients were included based on use of high dose inhaled corticosteroid and bronchodilator preparations (ICS/LABA) and/or presence of previous exacerbations, accident and emergency (A&amp;E) or hospital admissions. <h3>Results</h3> 231 patients with asthma (n = 146, 63.2%) and COPD (n = 85, 36.8%) were reviewed, with 370 consultations carried out (62.4% follow up). 20.8% (n = 48) patients were followed up at the 6 or 12 month stage. Mean age was 53.0 and 67.6 years, with 34.2% and 56.5% males in the asthma and COPD groups respectively. Table 1, below, shows a significant proportion of patients had uncontrolled disease. This was likely to be due to poor adherence to maintenance inhalers and poor inhaler technique in a large proportion of patients. Interventions were made in all patients, including reducing the beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) equivalence in the asthma group by 625.8 mcg (37.5%). Annual drug cost savings attributed to appropriate step down and cessation of therapy showed amounted to £51.8 K (asthma: £36.4 K; COPD: £15.4 K). Follow up exacerbation data is ongoing, with 48 patients (20.8%) having been seen at the 6 or 12 month stage, showing significant reductions from 1.7% to 0.04% and 3.0% to 0.14% in asthma and COPD respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Structured asthma and COPD reviews have shown that a significant proportion of patients have uncontrolled disease despite use of extensive and high dose pharmacological therapy. Structured reviews by the pharmacist resulted in significant interventions that improved ACT and CAT scores and reduced unwarranted healthcare utilisation. Furthermore, it showed that appropriate prescribing and disease management in line with national standards of care also resulted in significant drug cost savings.
Are heroes obsolete?
Authors: R. D. Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1979)

HAVE great ideas become obsolete? Take the ancient concept of good and evil, for example: the recurrent theme of the Bible, Dante, Milton, Dostoevski, Melville, Faulkner, and Solzhenitzyn. Has our technological existence left any room for their stories of "the human heart in conflict with itself"? Malcolm Muggeridge, the urbane former editor of<i>Punch</i>, appearing on William Buckley's "Firing Line," put it this way: "When I bring up the subject of Good and Evil, my audiences don't even know what I'm talking about." Some popular philosophies simply dismiss the old verities. Modern living in assembly lines and discotheques, at cocktail parties, and in front of television completes the effacement. They smother whatever remains. No matter. Physicians can find meaning in their lives—in their work. We can busy ourselves with medicine, roentgenograms, laboratory tests, and operations. Perhaps the rest of the world lacks purpose but not ours. After all, Hippocrates gave
THE RED CROSS SOCIETY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Futility
Authors: Robert Walker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 January 1991Medical FutilityRobert Walker, MDRobert Walker, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-2-169_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Schneiderman and colleagues' (1) formulation of medical futility weakens the physician's obligation to explore and consider the patient's goals for medical intervention. They argue that the physician alone should judge an intervention's chance of success and potential qualitative outcome. According to these authors, when either of these falls below a physician-defined threshold, the physician can conclude that the intervention provides no "medical" benefit, is "medically futile," and need not be offered to the patient.This formulation ties physicians' obligations to an ancient, and now narrow, set of medical goals—goals that do not acknowledge the "physician's duty to...References1. SchneidermanJeckerJonsen LNA. Medical futility: its meaning and ethical implications. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:949-54. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LantosSingerWalker JPR. The illusion of futility in clinical practice. Am J Med. 1989;87:81-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. SchneidermanJeckerJonsen LNA. Medical futility: its meaning and ethical implications. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:949-54. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PosesBekesCopareScott RCFW. The answer to "what are my chances, doctor?" depends on whom is asked: prognostic disagreement in inaccuracy for critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1989;17:827-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DawsonArkes NH. Systematic errors in medical decision making: judgment limitations. J Gen Intern Med. 1987;2:183-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert Walker, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCharacteristics of patients receiving vasopressorsFutile medical treatmentFutility and rationing 15 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 2Page: 169-170KeywordsFalls ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...