tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A single-dose comparative bioavailability study of dronabinol oral solution versus dronabinol capsules in healthy volunteers.
Authors: Neha Parikh, William G. Kramer, Varun Khurana, Christina Cognata Smith, Santosh Vetticaden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e21595 Background: Dronabinol, a pharmaceutical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is approved as capsules for anorexia associated with weight loss in patients with AIDS and cancer chemotherapy-associated nausea/vomiting in patients with inadequate response to conventional antiemetics. A new oral dronabinol solution is under development and was evaluated in a bioequivalence study versus dronabinol capsules. Methods: In an open-label, 4-period, single-dose crossover study, healthy volunteers were randomized to receive 1 of 2 treatment sequences (T-R-T-R or R-T-R-T; T=dronabinol 4.25 mg oral solution and R=dronabinol 5 mg capsules). Dosing occurred after an overnight fast, with a minimum 7-day washout period between 4 periods. Plasma concentrations of dronabinol and the primary metabolite 11-OH-Δ9-THC were assayed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Results: Fifty-one of 52 enrollees had pharmacokinetic data for analysis. The 2 formulations were bioequivalent with respect to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ; reference-scaled criteria) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (from time zero to last measurable concentration [AUC0-t ] and from time zero to infinity [AUC0-∞ ]; average bioequivalence) of dronabinol (Table). The data for the 11-OH-Δ9-THC metabolite provide further support for the bioequivalence of the 2 products. However, all patients achieved detectable plasma dronabinol levels at 15 min with oral solution (100%) versus capsules (<25%). Intra-patient variability was lower with oral solution vs capsules (AUC0-∞ , 13.5% vs 36.8%, respectively). Conclusions: Dronabinol oral solution 4.25 mg was bioequivalent to dronabinol capsules 5 mg based on the reference-scaled bioequivalence analysis. Dronabinol oral solution formulation may provide a more flexible administration option as well as a more rapid absorption and lower intra-patient variability compared with the capsule formulation. Clinical trial information: NCT01448772.Dronabinol pharmacokinetic parameters (fasting). Parameter* Oral solution Capsule Cmax , ng/mL 2.0 2.4 Tmax , h† 1.0 1.5 AUC0-∞ , h∙ng/mL 3.8 4.1 t1/2 , h 5.6 3.1 *Arithmetic mean. †Median.
Impact of intravenous thrombolysis on short-term coronary revascularization rates. A meta-analysis
Authors: C. D. Naylor
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Evidence of the potential impact of intravenous thrombolytic therapy on short-term revascularization rates among patients with acute myocardial infarction was sought. Because nonrandomized comparisons with conventional treatment would be subject to various confounders, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. Seven trials were included, applying standard doses of either tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase without an aggressive revascularization protocol. Follow-up ranged from 14 to 30 days. The revascularization rates among treated patients in all trials were lower than in the conservative arm of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Phase II trial, which established the current procedural benchmarks for postthrombolysis management. However, the aggregate volume of bypass surgery and angioplasty in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator was more than double that of controls (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 3.94), with a smaller but still significant increase for streptokinase-treated patients (odds ratio, 1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 2.59). Combining all trials, the increase in mechanical revascularization was 80% (95% confidence interval, 33% to 144%). Thus, for patterns of practice currently accepted in North America, intravenous thrombolysis for myocardial infarction leads to a significant short-term increase in clinical and angiographic indications for revascularization as compared with conventional treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:697-702)
Cancer Mortality in Agricultural Regions of Minnesota
Authors: Dina M. Schreinemachers, John P. Creason, Vincent F. Garry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sites: region one--lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two--non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three--prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CI, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1. 00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans.
Contents: (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 24/2017)
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Small is the very best interdisciplinary forum for all experimental and theoretical aspects of fundamental and applied research at the micro and nano length scales.With an ISI Impact Factor of 8.64 and publishing every week with papers online in advance of print, Small is your first-choice venue for top-quality communications, detailed full papers, cutting-edge concepts, and in-depth reviews of all things micro and nano.
Aspiration pneumonia. Magnitude and frequency of the problem
Authors: J. L. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In many clinical settings aspiration is probably the most common cause of pulmonary pathology. To support this thesis, there is ample circumstantial evidence in patients undergoing general anesthesia, in bedridden, acutely and chronically ill patients, in trauma victims, and in patients with tracheostomies. In many instances aspiration is occult and difficult to diagnose. A high index of suspicion is necessary. Every physician should take it upon himself to instruct the medical and allied medical personnel caring for his patients in the many small techniques and maneuvers that will make aspiration unlikely.
<i>Insanity, Its Classfication, Diagnosis and Treatment. A Manual for Students and Practitioners of Medicine</i>. By E. C. Spitzka, M.D., President of the New York, Neurological Society; formerly Physician to the Department of Nervous Diseases of the Metropolitan Throat Hospital; consulting Neurologist of the North Eastern Dispensary; Neurologist of the German Poliklinik. W. &amp; S. Tuke Prize Essayist, etc. Second Edition. New York: E. B. Treat
Authors: None W.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1887)
A Yeast Screen System for Aromatase Inhibitors and Ligands for Androgen Receptor: Yeast Cells Transformed with Aromatase and Androgen Receptor
Authors: Paul Mak, Fernando Dela Cruz, Shiuan Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Endocrine disruptors are hormone mimics that modify hormonal action in humans and animals. It is thought that some endocrine disruptors modify estrogen and androgen action in humans and animals by suppressing aromatase activity. Aromatase cytochrome P450 is the key enzyme that converts C19 androgens to aromatic C18 estrogenic steroids. We have developed a novel aromatase inhibitor screening method that allows us to identify antiaromatase activity of various environmental chemicals. The screen was developed by coexpressing the human aromatase and the mouse androgen receptor in yeast cells, which carry the androgen-responsive ss-galactosidase reporter plasmid. Functional expression of aromatase in yeast has been demonstrated using the [3H]-water release assay with intact cells as well as with yeast microsomes. The aromatase activity could be blocked by known aromatase inhibitors such as aminoglutethimide (AG). Yeast-produced androgen receptors were able to transactivate a yeast basal promoter linked to an androgen-responsive element in response to androgens. The resultant triple yeast transformant responded to the treatment of testosterone, androstenedione, or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT). In the absence of the aromatase inhibitor AG, transcriptional activation was observed only for the nonaromatizable androgen 5 alpha-DHT. However, the two aromatizable androgens (testosterone and androstenedione) induced the reporter activity in the presence of AG. Using this yeast-based assay, we confirmed that two flavones, chrysin and alpha-naphtholflavone, are inhibitors of aromatase. Thus, this yeast system allows us to develop a high-throughput screening method, without using radioactive substrate, to identify aromatase inhibitors as well as new ligands (nonaromatizable androgen mimics) for the androgen receptors. In addition, this screening method also allows us to distinguish nonandrogenic aromatase inhibitors from inhibitors with androgenic activity. This yeast screening method will be useful to screen environmental chemicals for their antiaromatase activity and for their interaction with androgen receptor.
Dorothy Trump
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genetic changes acquired during <i>in vitro</i> culture pose a potential risk for the successful application of stem cells in regenerative medicine. To assess mutation accumulation risks induced by culturing, we determined genetic aberrations in individual human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) and adult stem cells (ASCs) by whole genome sequencing analyses. Individual iPS cells, intestinal ASCs and liver ASCs accumulated 3.5±0.5, 7.2±1.0 and 8.4±3.6 base substitutions per population doubling, respectively. The annual <i>in vitro</i> mutation accumulation rate of ASCs adds up to ∼1600 base pair substitutions, which is ∼40-fold higher than the <i>in vivo</i> rate of ∼40 base pair substitutions per year. Mutational analysis revealed a distinct <i>in vitro</i> induced mutational signature that is irrespective of stem cell type and distinct from the <i>in vivo</i> mutational signature. This <i>in vitro</i> signature is characterized by C to A changes that have previously been linked to oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, we observed stem cell-specific mutational signatures and differences in transcriptional strand bias, indicating differential activity of DNA repair mechanisms between stem cell types in culture. We demonstrate that the empirically defined mutation rates, spectra, and genomic distribution enable risk assessment by modelling the accumulation of specific oncogenic mutations during typical <i>in vitro</i> expansion, manipulation or screening experiments using human stem cells. Taken together, we have here for the first time accurately quantified and characterized <i>in vitro</i> mutation accumulation in human iPS cells and ASCs in a direct comparison. These results provide insights for further optimization of culture conditions for safe <i>in vivo</i> utilization of these cell types for regenerative purposes.
Abstract 21406: The Impact of Continuous flow LVAD Device Related Complications on Patient Outcomes While on the Heart Transplant Wait List- Analysis of the UNOS Database
Authors: Setri Fugar, Alexis Okoh, Ahmed Al-Ogaili, Noble Vondee, Ali Ayoub, Parth Desai
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Continuous Flow LVAD(CF-LVAD) are widely used as BTT among patients with Advance Heart Failure. The current study aimed to determine the impact of device related complications on waitlist mortality or delisting due to worsening clinical conditions. Methods: Patients who were bridged to heart transplant with a continuous flow LVAD (CF-LVAD) between April 2008 and September 2015 were identified from the UNOS heart transplant registry. They were then categorized by the presence or absence of CF-LVAD complications while on the wait list. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan Meier survival curves were used for time-to-event analysis for the primary outcome. Results: Out of 7070 patients who were bridged to heart transplant, 4434(63%) got transplanted and 2510(36%) developed device related complications while on the waiting list. The primary outcome was present in 1631(23%) patients. Independent predictors of primary outcome were Age (HR/increasing unit: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02, p value: &lt;0.0001.), ABO blood group(O vs. A HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.20-1.36, p value: 0.003), Etiology of cardiomyopathy (Congenital vs. Ischemic HR: 3.46, 95% CI: 3.46(2.15-5.27, p value: &lt;0.0001, Restrictive vs. Non-ischemic HR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.67-3.99, p value: 0.0001), history of diabetes mellitus(HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34, p value: 0.006). Developing one device-related complication was associated with a HR of 2.59 of having the primary outcome, (p&lt;0.0001). The hazard risk however increased to 3.45 when ≥ 2 of the defined complications occurred. Conclusion: In conclusion, findings from the current study add to the existing literature: the incidence of morbidity and mortality in the current BTT era. While the development of any device-related adverse event is significantly associated with waitlist mortality or delisting, the occurrence of ≥ 2 almost doubles the risk. Improvement in clinical management strategies is needed to ensure optimal benefit of CF-LVADs for BTT therapy.
Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of the Current Status of Discord and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Variants
Authors: J. W. HOLLINGSWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1977)

What is a second edition (revised), in contrast with a third edition? Dr Dubois explains, in this second edition (revised) of his comprehensive monograph<i>Lupus Erythematosus</i>. The second edition, completed in 1974, was so successful that a second printing was needed in 1976. Rather than reprint the text as it stood in 1974, Dubois and his contributors added 200 new references (out of 3,000), and put the new reference numbers in the index. Thus it is easy, for example, to spot an important new publication on lupus induced by hydralazine hydrochloride. There are some other minor changes in format, but nothing really noteworthy except for the new references. Dubois has indeed found a way to update a second printing without much expense or trouble. The changes, however, do not warrant discarding the 1974 second edition for the 1976 update.
The 'house call' in the electronic era
Authors: C. E. Driscoll
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Medicine has been linked to the telephone since its invention. From 1872 through 1876, Americans Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell raced neck and neck to develop an electrical voice transmission device. On March 10, 1876, Alexander Graham Bell summoned his assistant Thomas Watson over his new "voice line" as Bell was experiencing a minor emergency from spilling acid on his skin. Three years later,<i>Lancet</i>carried a description of what was probably the first over-the-phone diagnosis by a physician who identified a child's croupy cough and provided reassurance to his patient's family.<sup>1</sup>Today it is estimated that between 15% and 25% of primary care contacts take place by phone.<sup>2-4</sup>The final disposition of ambulatory office visits is a planned telephone follow-up in 3.3% of family practice and 8% of internal medicine encounters.<sup>5</sup>What we do in everyday practice has long been in need of studies that
Human Rabies—Oregon, 1989
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Title 22
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: J Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CUTANEOUS PROTOTHECOSIS
Authors: M. Dogliotti, P.W. Mars, A.R. Rabson, J.J. Rippey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article CUTANEOUS PROTOTHECOSIS Get access M. Dogliotti, M. Dogliotti Department of Dermatology, Baragwanath Hospital and School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.W. Mars, P.W. Mars Department of Dermatology, Baragwanath Hospital and School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.R. Rabson, A.R. Rabson Department of Dermatology, Baragwanath Hospital and School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. Rippey J.J. Rippey Department of Dermatology, Baragwanath Hospital and School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue 4, 1 October 1975, Pages 473–474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06525.x Published: 01 October 1975
Informed Patients and Physician Satisfaction
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unanswered Questions
Authors: Michelle T. Long
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal