tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Target Levels for Low-Density Lipoprotein in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: Scott M. Grundy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Rubins takes the summary of the Adult Treatment Panel II report to task for being inadequately documented. The full report, which draws on a very large body of evidence in arriving at its recommendations and contains 640 references, was too lengthy to be published in<i>JAMA</i>but will be published elsewhere.<sup>1</sup>The summary could not have reflected the extensive documentation of the full report. Dr Rubins questions the target of a LDL cholesterol level of 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) or lower for patients with CHD. A lower target for LDL cholesterol was set for such patients because of the very high risk for recurrence of CHD events and because clinical trial evidence shows that cholesterol lowering significantly reduces recurrent CHD. More aggressive therapy for LDL lowering in secondary prevention than in primary prevention thus seems reasonable. The target of 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L) or lower is
Power to you
Authors: None The Lancet Psychiatry
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)

Until recently, mental health has not been high on the agenda of those in power. The only memorable speech on the topic in British politics happened over half a century ago. It was delivered by the controversial Conservative politician Enoch Powell, in favour of asylum closure. "There they stand, isolated, majestic, imperious, brooded over by the gigantic water-tower and chimney combined…Do not for a moment underestimate their powers of resistance to our assault." Subsequent events—including the inflammatory so-called Rivers of Blood speech and the uneven introduction of community models of care—mean that few in the mental health world will feel inclined to give unqualified approval to Powell's rhetoric.
Regulation of Pigeon Cropmilk Secretion and Parental Behaviors by Prolactin
Authors: N. D. Horseman
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

Prolactin stimulates the growth and development of specialized epithelial cells lining the cropsac of pigeons and doves (family Columbidae), leading to formation of “cropmilk,” which is fed to the newly hatched squab. This system of milk feeding is unique among birds. To support the feeding of cropmilk, a complex array of behavioral adaptations are also supported by high levels of prolactin secretion in columbids during parenting. These specializations include elevated food intake (hyperphagia), nest attendance, and regurgitation feeding of the squab. Although prolactin is clearly important for these behavioral adaptations, the precise physiological and mechanistic bases for these behavioral effects remain controversial. The molecular mechanisms of prolactin action in the cropsac epithelium have been studied by cloning prolactin-induced genes, by cloning and expressing the pigeon prolactin receptor, and by analyzing the transcription factors that are activated after prolactin treatment. The avian (pigeon) prolactin receptor is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily and uniquely contains a complete duplication of the extracellular ligand-binding domain. One of the early signal­transducing actions of prolactin in cropsac epithelium is the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins via tyrosine phosphorylation. This fundamental signaling pathway is shared with mammalian prolactin target tissues. The convergent evolution of milk feeding and the behaviors that support parenting in columbids and mammals has depended on adaptation of both conserved mechanisms and divergent physiological processes.
Activity of cetuximab in patients with colorectal cancer refractory to both irinotecan and oxaliplatin
Authors: H. J. Lenz, R. J. Mayer, P. J. Gold, B. Mirtsching, P. J. Stella, A. L. Cohn, A. W. Pippas, N. Azarnia, M. N. Needle, E. Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3510 Background: Cetuximab (Erbitux) has demonstrated activity in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressing colorectal cancer (CRC) refractory to irinotecan (CPT-11) both as a single agent and in combination with irinotecan. This phase II study was designed to explore the activity of cetuximab in patients with EGFR+ CRC refractory to both CPT-11 and oxaliplatin (ox). Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the EGFR preventing homo and heterodimerization and signal transduction. Methods: Patients were treated with cetuximab at standard doses 400 mg/m2 loading dose over 2 hours, then 250 mg/m2 over 1 hour weekly. Results: 350 patients with EGFR + CRC who had failed both CPT-11 and ox were enrolled. Median age 59; M:F::55:45; ECOG performance status 0:1::42:57. The most commonly encountered adverse events were an acne-like skin rash (84% any grade, 5% grade 3) and fatigue/malaise (40% any grade, 9% grade 3/4). Three patients experienced a grade 3/4 allergic reaction requiring discontinuation of study treatment. Partial responses (PR) were observed in 12% of patients (28/235; 95% CI 8–17). 34% of patients had stable disease for at least 6 weeks bringing the disease control rate to 46%. Prior to an amendment to the protocol 9 patients with EGFR negative CRC were enrolled, 2 of whom had a PR. Conclusions: Cetuximab was well tolerated in this patient population and produced major objective responses in 12% of patients who had exhausted all available treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer. This result is consistent with results reported by Saltz (ASCO 2002) and Cunningham (ASCO 2003). Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ImClone Systems ImClone Systems ImClone Systems Bristol-Myers Squibb ImClone Systems
<TITLE>Your Doctor's Education</TITLE>
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Evidence-Based Medicine In the 1990s, evidence-based medicine emerged as a way to improve and evaluate patient care.It involves combining the best research evidence with the patient' s values to make decisions about medical care.Looking at all available medical studies and literature that pertain to an individual patient or a group of patients helps doctors to properly diagnose illnesses, to choose the best testing plan, and to select the best treatments and methods of disease prevention.Using evidencebased medicine techniques for large groups of patients with the same illness, doctors can develop practice guidelines for evaluation and treatment of particular conditions.In addition to improving treatment, such guidelines can help individual physicians and institutions measure their performance and identify areas for further study and improvement.The September 6, 2006, issue of JAMA is a theme issue about medical education and includes an article about evidence-based medicine.
American Medical Association Auxiliary, Inc 1986 Annual Convention June 15 through 18, 1986 The Drake, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infant mortality and the low-birth-weight infant
Authors: C. M. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Neonatal mortality nose-dived between 1970 and 1980, largely because of increased survival of low-birth-weight infants, report McCormick et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journal. This dramatic surge in survival of infants at high risk, they note, has occurred in the wake of mothers delivering at perinatal centers with neonatal intensive care units. Because infant birth weight is the most important predictor of survival, studies of the low-birth-weight infant have appeared in every imaginable context in the epidemiologic and obstetric literature. The term has been applied to a homogeneous population of infants when, in fact, there are at least two groups: the term or small-for-gestational-age infant weighing less than or equal to 2,500 g and being older than 37 gestational weeks; and the premature neonate who also weighs less than or equal to 2,500 g but has a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. The small, term newborns have
Abstracts Pt.51
Authors: Jerome Garden, Richard Fitzpatrick, Bark-Lynn Lew, South Korea, Woo-Young Sim, Melissa Barkham, Andrew Smith, Claudia Degiovanni, Peter Coburn, Pierre Fabre, Jin Kang, Young Kim, Kyu-Yeop Lee, Kee Chung
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Sex chromatin screening of female athletes
Authors: L. M. Bassis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are grateful to Drs Beasley and Ernsberger for their comments. Dr Beasley suggests that physical activity, social status, and diet should also be examined as confounding variables in the assessment of body weight and longevity. We did note in our report that "improved understanding of the extent to which nutrition and physical activity influence, or mediate, the relationship observed between obesity and mortality is important." We believe, however, that there is a distinction between the nature of these variables and the methodological biases that we emphasized. These variables are not clear and distinct confounders of the weightmortality relationship in the same sense as cigarette smoking. Rather, they have complex interrelationships with body weight, and the causal pathways are unclear. For example, physical inactivity is both a cause and a consequence of obesity, and part of the benefit of exercise may be to control weight. Social status is
Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica, Stockholm
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inadvertent Intravenous Administration of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Lee P. Van Voris
Journal: JAMA (1981)

INFLUENZA vaccine is administered annually to millions of persons in order to prevent influenza virus infection.<sup>1</sup>The Public Health Service recommends administration of trivalent influenza vaccine (AH1N1, AH3N2, and B) to high-risk patients in the late summer and fall months.<sup>2</sup>The package inserts that accompany influenza vaccine and the manual<i>Facts and Comparisons</i>(St Louis, Facts and Comparisons Inc, 1980) advise that the vaccine should not be administered intravenously (IV). However, in the discussion of adverse reactions, the possible consequences of IV injection of the influenza vaccine are not mentioned. We report here the misidentification of a trivalent influenza vaccine cartridge for a heparin flush cartridge and subsequent IV administration of trivalent influenza vaccine to at least one patient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On Oct 22, 1979, influenza vaccine was ordered for three patients in one hospital ward. Three cartridge-needle units (TUBEX) (0.5 mL) of trivalent (split virus)
Active Immunization
Authors: Geoffrey Edsall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

PertussisDespite the fact that infant deaths from pertussis have decreased 70 per cent in the last forty years, it remains the most frequent cause of death among the acute contagious diseases of early childhood: "The concentration of deaths in the first two years of life, especially under six months, is constant for all parts of the United States."193 A recent editorial194 points out that in Massachusetts from 1924 to 1943, 58 per cent of all deaths from this disease occurred in the first year of life, and 84 per cent in the first two years. Furthermore, the disease in . . .
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALBUMIN AND CASTS IN SURGICAL PATIENTS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CURE OF CANCER BY X-RAY.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of hypertensive crises
Authors: R. W. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The availability of potent antihypertensive drugs that will decrease markedly elevated blood pressure within minutes to hours has changed the concepts of definition and therapy of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside can be used in the truly emergent situation and is effective, reliable, and safe. While oral therapy is more convenient, it is not as consistently effective as parenteral administration and can lead to excessive reductions in blood pressure that are more difficult to manage than when short-acting agents are given intravenously. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:829-835)
THE LITERATURE INDEX: SHALL IT BE CONTINUED?
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Routine chest x-ray film
Authors: L. A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cooper's Droop (<b>219</b>:625, 1972) eloquently described the pathology of pendulous breasts, but was not as compellingly provocative of reform as the graphic jargon term "Hounds Ears" for the displays seen in African travelogues.
Exercise intensity and longevity in men
Authors: M. Pahor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Pahor and Carbonin query our use of different classification criteria in analysis of physical activity and longevity in a cohort of Harvard alumni. We used three schemes for categorizing physical activity: (1) increments of 2100 kJ/wk; (2) quintiles of total energy expenditures (&lt;2524, 2524 to &lt;4738, 4738 to &lt;8001, 8001 to &lt;13142, and &gt;13142 kJ/wk), and (3) five categories each of vigorous and nonvigorous energy expenditure, using identical cutoffs (&lt;630, 630 to &lt;1680, 1680 to &lt;3150, 3150 to &lt;6300, and &gt;6300 kJ/wk). Since vigorous and nonvigorous energy expenditure add up to total energy expenditure, the cutoffs for category 3 are, of course, lower than those for category 2. Ideally, we would have used category 1 for all analyses; however, using increments of 2100 kJ/wk led to small numbers of deaths (&lt;50) within some categories (Table 2). Thus, for age-adjusted analysis, stable estimates for mortality rates could be
Cellular Effects of Asbestos and Other Fibers: Correlations with In Vivo Induction of Pleural Sarcoma
Authors: Lewis E. Lipkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The phenomenon of fiber-induced cytotoxicity to P388D1 macrophagelike cells has been demonstrated to parallel (thus far without exception) the probability that the fiber will induce a pleural sarcoma (mesothelioma) in rats. This startling parallel in both cases seems to be essentially independent of the chemical nature of the fiber and correlates best with the presence of fibers greater than 8 micrometers in length and fibers with diameters in the range 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (Stanton Hypothesis). In both systems evidence has been produced which cast strong doubts on any role played by absorbed (or adherent) impurities. The existence of multiple physical forms of the same chemical moiety (aluminum oxide, dihydroxy-sodium aluminum carbonate, borosilicate glass, etc.,) provides additional test material for the chemical independence corollary. The similar, cytotoxic or sarcomatogenous behavior of chemically different materials (e.g. amosite, chrysotile, aluminum oxide) exhibits the necessary converse argument. As long as the fiber size-shape dependency effect was limited to whole animal phenomena, such as tumor induction, one could make implicitly what were essentially statistical or probabilistic inferences involving transport and/or distribution of fibers to account for the physical effect. The demonstration of strict parallelism at the cellular level in vitro suggests the possibility that in the case of durable fiber toxicology we are dealing with a form of cell-solid interaction in which physical properties for which we have as yet no known receptors play a prominent role.
Leads from the MMWR. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus antibody in U.S. active-duty military personnel, April 1988
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicine and the Law
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal