tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Bloody Saturday"
Authors: Robert H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1975)

"Bloody Saturday" (Oct 26) has come and gone. This was the day that some 4,000 of the fearless faithful gathered in nervous clusters across the country to take the 6 1/2-hour American College of Physicians-American Board of Internal Medicine recertification examination. The results will be announced on St. Valentine's Day (a date well known in another context in Chicago history). Why would a middle-aged, comfortably certified internist submit voluntarily to a tough, possibly humiliating experience? Looking about the room at the Ambassador Hotel, I was sure that motives ranged widely: some were curious; some were driven by that compulsive<i>dibbuk</i>that characterizes many of our peculiar breed; some, because it would be embarrassing to be the only one in the department not to hang up a recertification certificate; some, to make a last ditch effort to finally get "caught up." I can only speak for myself: it was a disconcerting
UNCINARIASIS (ANKYLOSTOMIASIS) IN THE SOUTHERN STATES.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"ANESTHESIA IN NOSE AND THROAT WORK": DEFENSE OF PROCAIN
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ANOTHER REMONSTRANCE AGAINST INHALATIONS OF MERCURY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
儿童湿疹相关的成本
Authors: M. Olsson, R. Bajpai, L.W.Y. Wee, Y.W. Yew, M.J.A. Koh, S. Thng, J. Car, K. Järbrink
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

特应性皮炎(通常称为湿疹)是一种常见的儿童皮肤病,可因瘙痒、睡眠障碍及其对情绪健康的影响而导致生活质量降低。在全世界范围内,每 100 名儿童中有 1‐25 名患有该疾病。 据估计,新加坡约有五分之一的儿童患有特应性皮炎。本研究在新加坡进行,旨在了解医疗保健行业和家庭在特应性皮炎上花费的成本,以及成本、背景因素和疾病严重程度之间是否存在任何联系。 在两个皮肤病专科诊所招募了 16 岁或更年轻的诊断患有特应性皮炎的儿童及其法定照护者来填写一份问卷。问卷询问了既往医疗访视、使用的药物、照护者为护理其孩子的特应性皮炎所花费的时间,以及与该疾病相关的其他开支。总结了各种成本,并对成本类型、疾病严重程度、种族等进行了比较。 作者发现,最大的成本是照护者为护理其孩子的特应性皮炎所花费的时间,以及非医疗乳膏等物品的费用。研究表明,特应性皮炎是一种家庭成本超过医疗保健系统所支付的成本的疾病,而且与疾病严重程度密切相关。这些信息对决策者及其他医疗保健规划者在考虑如何更好地支持受影响的家庭时很重要。本摘要涉及研究:多种族亚裔人群中儿童特应性皮炎的成本:一项疾病成本研究。
"We Don't Rate Well As Reactionaries"
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOLINE, CYSTINE, AND OF α-TOCOPHEROL UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CEROID PIGMENT IN DIETARY CIRRHOSIS OF RATS
Authors: Joseph Victor, Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Page 377, 1st line, for 0.2 read 0.02. Page 377, 3rd line, for 0.2 read 0.02. Page 378, Table II, heading over first three columns, for 0.2 read 0.02.
Symptom Prevalence and Odor-Worry Interaction near Hazardous Waste Sites
Authors: Dennis Shusterman, Jane Lipscomb, Raymond Neutra, Kenneth Satin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Retrospective symptom pralence data, coec from over 2000 adult respondents living near three different hazrds waste sites, were analyzed with respect to both self-reported "environmental worry" and frequency of perceiving en- vironmental (particularly petrochemical) odos Sigifnt positive relationships were observed between the prevalence of several symptoms (headache, nausea, eye and throat irritation) and both frequency of odor perception and degree of worry.Headaches, for example, showed a prevalence odds ratio of 5.0 comparing respondents who reported noticing en- vironmental odors frequently versus those noticing no such odors and 10.8 comparing those who described themselves as "very worried" versus "not iworied" aboute i conditiosin their neighborhood.I tionofrespondents who ascribed their environnmental worry to illness in themselves or in family members did not materially affect the strength ofthe observed associations.In addition to their independent effects, odor perception and environmental worry exhibited positive interaction as determinants of symptom prevalence, as evidenced by a prevalence odds ratio of 38.1 comparing headaches among the high worry/frequent-odor group and the no-worry/no-odor group.In comparison neighborhoods with no nearby waste sites, environmental worry has been found to bea with symptom occurrence as well.Potential explanations for these observations are presented, including the possibility that odors serve as a sensory cue for the manifestation of stress-related illness (or heightened awareness of underlying symptoms) among individuals concerned about the quality of their neighborhood environment.
Gut microbiota maintains FXR activation and protects from fatal liver damage in a murine model of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Kai Markus Schneider, Lena Candels, Antje Mohs, Carsten Elfers, Annika Wahlström, Lijun Liao, Eveline Bennek, Konrad Kilic, Ayham Zaza, Dirk Drasdo, Sebastian Zuehlke, Maiju Myllys, Mick Frissen, Galvez Eric, Till Strowig, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Johannes R. Hov, Jan G. Hengstler, Hanns-Ulrich Marshall, Ahmed Ghallab, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Highlights from this issue
Authors: The Triumvirate
Journal: Thorax (2021)

The TriumvirateThird wave or ocean wave?As we write this edition of "Airwaves" lockdown measures have been eased in the United Kingdom.Healthcare planners are preparing for the possibility of a third wave, hopefully mitigated by the vaccination programme.The rest of the population are dreaming of holiday breaks, currently restricted to green list destinations.This issue of Thorax provides both insights into pandemic control and a smorgasbord of excellent respiratory research to provide intellectual stimulation while you soak up the sun… CANDY CRUSH OR SYMPTOM APPS FOR POOLSIDE ENTERTAINMENT?On your holiday or staycation will you be playing Candy Crush or filling in the COVID-19 Symptom Study app on your phone?In Spring 2020, the first wave of COVID-19 was rapidly accelerating in the UK and, on 23 March, the first lockdown was announced-schools were closed and non-essential workers were instructed to stay at home.The following day, COVID-19 Symptom Study app was launched, allowing users to record demographic information, symptoms, hospitalisation, PCR results, co-morbidities etc.In this month's journal, Bowyer and colleagues (see page 723) present data from almost 2 million app users, describing geographic and socioeconomic gradients seen during the first wave of COVID-19.The authors predict COVID-19 prevalence from symptom score and find a higher prevalence in urban vs rural areas and in more deprived vs less deprived areas.The authors suggest that the app could be used to monitor COVID-19 over a period of time, highlighting hotspots as the pandemic progresses and restrictions are implemented or eased.In a linked editorial (see page 636), Hannah Stagg discusses the role of citizen science in the COVID-19 pandemic. MYTH BUSTING WITH APP DATASome reports have suggested that smoking rates in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 are lower than expected from the general population.Surely smoking can't protect against COVID-19 can it?Well don't be tempted to have a sly ciggie, while sipping your pina colada in the tropical sunset this Summer.In this month's Thorax, Hopkinson et al (see page 714) explode this myth with more data from the COVID-19 Symptom Study app.In this study, data from 2.4 million app users showed that 11% of users were current smokers and this group were more likely to report classical symptoms suggesting COVID-19.The authors conclude that smoking may increase the risk of symptomatic COVID-19.Don't stock up on ciggies from the duty free this Summer!
The Cast Syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetics
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 306: Engineered Neonatal Rat Cardiac Tissue Models Immature <i>in vivo</i> Myocardium
Authors: John C Ralphe, Michelle R Witt, Jonathan A Kirk, Kelly M Clause, Bradley B Keller, Kimimasa Tobita
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Correlating contractile function, cellular, and molecular events in the immature heart is hampered by the limited availability of easily studied models. 2D cultures provide molecular data but can not replicate in vivo mechanical events. Isolated perfused hearts provide contractile data, but gene expression manipulation and molecular studies are limited. Here we demonstrate the utility of a 3D neonatal cardiomyocyte culture to model immature native myocardium. Isolated cardiomyocytes from day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups were mixed with collagen and matrigel, and cast into cylindrical constructs (termed NECT). After seven days in culture NECT force-strain, force-frequency, and calcium transient data were collected. Identical data were collected from aged matched intact papillary muscle. RNA and protein were isolated from NECT and papillary muscle to assess sarcomeric proteins and quantitate developmentally regulated gene expression. Transcription of β-actin and cardiac α-actin were lower in NECT vs. native ( P &lt;0.001; N=8). Myosin heavy chain α and β isoform ratios and content were similar between NECT and native while metabolic genes GLUT1 and MCAD were increased, and GLUT4 and PDK4 decreased ( P &lt; .05) . Major sarcomeric proteins were well represented in NECT while regulatory proteins MyBPC and TnI were decreased. Peak developed force and calcium transients were similar between NECT and native, while the rate of force development and relaxation were accelerated in the NECT (Table ). 3D culture of neonatal cardiomyocytes, NECT, replicates important structural and functional features of immature native myocardium. The in vitro investigation of 3D NECT represents a unique opportunity to study electromechanical, metabolic, and endocrine factors that influence myocardial maturation. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Great Rivers Affiliate (Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania &amp; West Virginia). Comparison of Force and Calcium Transients in NECT
From the editors
Authors: Lucy Bird, Kirsty Minton, Olive Leavy, Yvonne Bordon, Maria Papatriantafyllou, Isabel Woodman, Man Tse, Lucie Wootton, Lewis Packwood, Simon Bradbrook, Susanne Harris, Vicky Summersby, Patrick Morgan, Kirsten Lee, Managing Production, Judith Shadwell, Simon Fenwick, Natalie Smith, Laura Corns, Ella Lines, Deborah Anthony, Marketing Managers, Tim Redding, Leah Rodriguez
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2011)
Suction Blisters
Authors: Wesley Y. Yu, Maria L. Wei
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥65 Years Who Saw Selected Types of Health Professionals<sup /> in the Past 12 Months, by Diagnosed Diabetes Status<sup /> — National Health Interview Survey, 2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In 2015, adults aged ≥65 years with diagnosed diabetes were more likely than adults without diagnosed diabetes to report seeing general doctors (92.3% compared with 86.7%); eye doctors (66.9% compared with 56.6%); physician specialists (51.5% compared with 45.5%); foot doctors (29.9% compared with 13.0%) and mental health professionals (6.3% compared with 4.5%) in the past 12 months. Those with diabetes were less likely than those without diabetes to report seeing a dentist or dental hygienist in the past 12 months (54.5% compared with 65.0%).
ETIOLOGY OF CARCINOMA.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nez Perces
Authors: George N. Braman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum15 July 1996Nez PercesGeorge N. Braman, MDGeorge N. Braman, MDBronx, NY 10471Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I dream of Lewis and ClarkTaming the big Missouri,Exploring a continent;How Jefferson must have feltWhen they returned, with the saltOf the Pacific and their Indian squaw.But the story I like bestWas of the Nez Perces, whoseRemarkable warriors went downTo St. Louis to find their old friends;When they arrived and foundLewis was dead, they said, “Too bad.”They never wasted words. Sometimes,When the sunset is just rightOr a headstrong river slips awayFrom the voices of men, I recrossThe Rockies with Lewis and ClarkAnd imagine I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx, NY 10471Corresponding Author: George N. Braman, MD, 6142 Delafield Avenue, Bronx, NY 10471. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBedeutung von Finanzanalysten auf den Kapitalmärkten und Implikationen für Investor Relations 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 141KeywordsRiversSalts ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The small office laboratory in the cycle of laboratory medicine: reinventing the magic black box
Authors: G. F. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

About 1920, many physicians began to lose interest in operating a clinical laboratory, primarily because of the complexities of the shaking machine and the reagents used to perform tests for syphilis. Thus, the clinical pathologist appeared (according to some unkind wits they were another complication of syphilis) as the physician with the interest, time, and skill to master the rapidly increasing complexities of the medical laboratory. In the early 1930s the American Society for the Control of Cancer recommended that there should be at least one pathologist in each state, "thoroughly competent to recognize malignancy." Thus, the surgeons gradually stopped doing their own surgical pathology, though an unrelenting few did not relinquish this activity to the anatomic pathologist until the 1950s. If you started practicing hospital laboratory medicine in the 50s, you will recall your long-term campaign to get the hospital to buy its first spectrophotometer costing several hundred dollars.