tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Priorities and practices of continuing medical education program directors
Authors: J. G. Ribble
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A survey of program directors in continuing medical education (CME) was conducted to determine the priorities and practices of the persons who develop CME programs. Respondents from community hospitals, medical schools, specialty societies, state medical societies, and other organizations thought that the most important issues related to the measurement of educational needs and outcomes. A high degree of congruence between program directors' ideal priorities and those they thought were actually being attained in their organizations was noted. Differences between groups of CME providers were infrequent, but medical schools were significantly more concerned than other groups about funding and accountability; community hospitals, about needs assessment and training for program directors; and specialty societies, about methods for adult learning. The majority of directors thought that CME credits, recertification, and relicensure (but not reexamination) should be mandatory. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:160-163)
Accurate prediction of death by serial determination of galactose elimination capacity in primary biliary cirrhosis: A comparison with the mayo model
Authors: J Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We retrospectively analyzed the predictive accuracy of serial determinations of galactose elimination capacity in 61 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Death was predicted from the time that the regression line describing the decline in galactose elimination capacity vs. time intersected a value of 4 mg · min−1 · kg−1. Thirty-one patients exhibited decreasing galactose elimination capacity; in 11 patients it remained stable and in 19 patients only one value was available. Among those patients with decreasing galactose elimination capacity, 10 died and three underwent liver transplantation; prediction of death was accurate to 7 ± 19 mo. This criterion incorrectly predicted death in two patients with portal-vein thrombosis; otherwise, it did better than or as well as the Mayo clinic score. The latter was also tested on our patients and was found to adequately describe risk in yet another independent population of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Cox regression analysis selected only bilirubin and galactose elimination capacity, however, as independent predictors of death. We submit that serial determination of galactose elimination capacity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may be a useful adjunct to optimize the timing of liver transplantation and to evaluate new pharmacological treatment modalities of this disease.
TREATMENT OF POTT'S PARALYSIS BY EXTENSION.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute subdural hematoma with a lucid interval
Authors: V. K. Sonntag
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE LUCID interval following head trauma and unconsciousness is described classically in epidural hematomas. The historic emphasis placed on the lucid interval in cases of extradural hematoma has made this one of the best-remembered signs of the syndrome. Initial unconsciousness is thought to be due to the concussive effect of the blow to the head. The lucid period is the time required for the clot to grow to proportions great enough to produce compression of the brain. The percentage of patients with epidural hematoma who have lucid intervals varies in different reports from 10%<sup>1</sup>to 72%.<sup>2</sup>Although the occurrence of a lucid period in patients with acute subdural hematoma has been mentioned in previous literature, it has not been stressed in any of the recent series published.<sup>2-3</sup>My patient had an acute subdural hematoma in which head trauma and initial unconsciousness were followed by a lucid interval, then
A histological semiquantitative scoring system for evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in needle liver biopsy specimens: Comparison with morphometric studies
Authors: M Chevallier
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The evaluation of hepatic fibrosis on histological sections is of great interest for the staging and follow-up of chronic liver disease. Because no reliable scoring system is yet available, we have designed a semiquantitative scoring system in which the four main sites of fibrotic deposit — centrilobular vein, portal tract and perisinusoidal space, together with width and number of septa when present — are analyzed. These different items have been previously settled from comparison with morphometric measurements to evaluate surface density of total collagen performed on the same liver needle biopsy specimens stained with picro-sirius. The score has been tested on samples from 200 consecutive patients with various liver diseases and compared with the surface density of total collagen and Knodell scoring system. For observer variation study, the features by three independent pathologists were coded on 20 cases. There was a good interobserver (Kendall's τ-B=0.75) and intraobserver (τ-B=0.73) reproducibility. Each component of the fibrosis scoring system and total collagen surface density were significantly linearly related (one-way polynomial analysis, p<10−4); the correlation between semiquantitative scoring system and surface density of total collagen was 0.73 (p<10−5). Our semiquantitative scoring system, simple and reproducible, describes both liver architecture and fibrotic deposit. It is better related to morphometric measurement of fibrosis than each of its constituents or than the fibrosis item of the Knodell scoring system. It represents a reliable and convenient method for fibrosis evaluation, which is mandatory for clinical use. (Hepatology 1994;20:349–355.)
Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Among Northern Plains Indians—Correction
Authors: Jon Lundberg, Matteo Sofia, Lars Lundblad, Eddie Weitzberg
Journal: JAMA (2003)

obstructed sinuses bilaterally in all patients.Interestingly, one of the patients had surgery during the course of this study, and in this patient nasal nitric oxide levels increased during humming to almost normal levels 2 weeks after the operation (data not shown).It is possible that it is the actual production of nitric oxide that is reduced in the patients with nasal polyposis.However, this seems less likely since nasal nitric oxide levels during quiet breathing were not significantly reduced in the patients in this study.Also, in an earlier study, levels of nasal nitric oxide were only somewhat lower in patients with nonallergic polyposis and normal in those with allergic polyposis. 6Although the humming test presented here appears promising, it should not be used in the clinical situation until further studies establish its sensitivity and specificity.
Modulation of the Immune System in Cannabis Users
Authors: Roberta Pacifici, Piergiorgio Zuccaro, Simona Pichini, Pere N. Roset, Sandra Poudevida, Magí Farré, Jordi Segura, Rafael de la Torre
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Noise and Hearing Loss
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Subcutaneous rhIGF-1 significantly increases circulating IGF-1 concentrations in children with Crohn's disease induced growth failure
Authors: A. Rao, S. Naik, M. O. Savage, I. R. Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faltering growth is a complication of paediatric Crohn9s disease, affecting up to a third of patients. There is no recognised treatment targeted at improving linear growth. These children have low circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a hormone essential for linear growth and the primary mediator of growth hormone (GH) action. Low IGF-1 concentrations occur despite normal GH response to stimulation testing – the children thus having a functional GH insensitivity. Injections with recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) have been reported to improve growth in animal models of colitis and in children with genetic GH insensitivity syndrome using doses of 80–120 μg/kg bd. rhIGF-I therapy has never previously been used in children with Crohn9s disease. We hypothesised that subcutaneous injections of rhIGF-1 would significantly increase circulating IGF-1 concentrations in children with Crohn9s disease induced growth failure, and that twice daily injections would maintain these concentrations. <h3>Methods</h3> Eight children with active Crohn9s disease and growth failure were recruited for an open-label pharmacokinetics study of rhIGF-1 (Increlex). A subcutaneous injection of rhIGF-1 (dose 120 μg/kg) was given, and levels were measured over 24 h. Children were also studied over a second period (5 days) of repeated doses. Blood sugar levels were monitored as hypoglycaemia is a potential adverse effect. Protein losing enteropathy was measured by stool α1-antitrypsin and related to IGF-1 levels attained. <h3>Results</h3> The median age(range) of the children was 12 years(10–14). 4 were female, 4 male, mean (SD) Paediatric Crohn9s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) was 31.25(14.08). All the children had poor growth (mean growth velocity standard deviation score(SDS) −3.34 (SD 1.13)). All the subjects completed the study. The rhIGF-1 was well tolerated, with only one patient having an (asymptomatic) hypoglycaemic episode. All patients except for one had low baseline IGF-1 levels (mean SDS -1.78 (SD 1.37)) and all showed an increase in 3-h circulating IGF-1 levels following administration of rhIGF-1 (mean SDS 2.70 (SD 3.06)). This increase was significant(p = 0.007). IGF-1 levels were maintained above 0.0 SDS by twice daily injections. This occurred without any change in PCDAI over the 5-day trial period (p = 0.77) Protein-losing enteropathy did not inhibit this response. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subcutaneous administration of rhIGF-1 significantly increased circulating concentrations of IGF-1 in children with Crohn9s disease-related growth retardation. These results support the initiation of trials to assess the impact of long-term rhIGF replacement therapy on linear growth.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Mutations in the DNA methyltransferase gene DNMT3A cause an overgrowth syndrome with intellectual disability
Authors: Katrina Tatton-Brown, Sheila Seal, Elise Ruark, Jenny Harmer, Emma Ramsay, Silvana del Vecchio Duarte, Anna Zachariou, Sandra Hanks, Eleanor O'Brien, Lise Aksglaede, Diana Baralle, Tabib Dabir, Blanca Gener, David Goudie, Tessa Homfray, Ajith Kumar, Daniela T Pilz, Angelo Selicorni, I Karen Temple, Lionel Van Maldergem, Naomi Yachelevich, Robert van Montfort, Nazneen Rahman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Amniocentesis
Authors: A. W. Liley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THERE are many situations in obstetrics in which maternal history, symptoms or signs may alert the obstetrician that all may not be well with the uterine contents, but the wisest management may be apparent only in retrospect so long as the condition of the fetus or placenta can be expressed only in terms of statistical probability or undecided possibilities.The epitome of this situation is seen in the Rhsensitized patient. The detection of an isoimmune antibody poses more problems than it solves and must be regarded as the beginning rather than the end of adequate antenatal examination in hemolytic disease. . . .
Effects of Physical Interventions on House Dust Mite Allergen Levels in Carpet, Bed, and Upholstery Dust in Low-Income, Urban Homes
Authors: Patrick J. Vojta, Sandra P. Randels, James Stout, Michael Muilenberg, Harriet A. Burge, Henry Lynn, Herman Mitchell, George T. O'Connor, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

House dust mite allergen exposure is a postulated risk factor for allergic sensitization, asthma development, and asthma morbidity; however, practical and effective methods to mitigate these allergens from low-income, urban home environments remain elusive. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of physical interventions to mitigate house dust mite allergens in this setting. Homes with high levels of house dust mite allergen (Der f 1 + Der p 1 > or = 10 microg/g dust by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in the bed, bedroom carpet, and/or upholstered furniture were enrolled in the study. Carpets and upholstered furniture were subjected to a single treatment of either dry steam cleaning plus vacuuming (carpet only) or intensive vacuuming alone. Bed interventions consisted of complete encasement of the mattress, box spring, and pillows plus either weekly professional or in-home laundering of nonencased bedding. Dust samples were collected at baseline and again at 3 days (carpet and upholstery only) and 2, 4, and 8 weeks posttreatment. We compared pretreatment mean allergen concentrations and loads to posttreatment values and performed between-group analyses after adjusting for differences in the pretreatment means. Both dry steam cleaning plus vacuuming and vacuuming alone resulted in a significant reduction in carpet house dust mite allergen concentration and load (p < 0.05). Levels approached pretreatment values by 4 weeks posttreatment in the intensive vacuuming group, whereas steam cleaning plus vacuuming effected a decrease that persisted for up to 8 weeks. Significant decreases in bed house dust mite allergen concentration and load were obtained in response to encasement and either professional or in-home laundering (p < 0.001). Between-group analysis revealed significantly less postintervention house dust mite allergen load in professionally laundered compared to home-laundered beds (p < 0.05). Intensive vacuuming and dry steam cleaning both caused a significant reduction in allergen concentration and load in upholstered furniture samples (p < 0.005). Based on these data, we conclude that physical interventions offer practical, effective means of reducing house dust mite allergen levels in low-income, urban home environments.
Better Contraceptives Needed
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paraquat toxicity.
Authors: D M Stokes, D A Walker
Journal: BMJ (1970)

eral practitioners working in consultant hos- pitals.The obscurity of the question and the context in which it appeared (vaguely suggesting a plan for general practitioners to invade consultant wards and take over "total clinical control") made it impossible to know what it was meant to discover.Certainly, this report did not produce any reliable evidence on the views of general practitioners about inpatient facilities in general-practitioner hospitals.A survey of medical and surgical inpa- tients was carried out this year in the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford.The survey was concerned with general practitioner care as a possible alternative to consultant care for inpatients.The report of this survey will be published in the autumn.The main finding was that one third of the patients in the acute wards of a very busy teaching hospital could be under general practitioner care for all or part of their stay in hospital.The saving in consultant bed-days would also be a third.This report2 will also con- tain ample evidence that a majority of gen- eral practitioners would like to have access to hospital beds in general practitioner units.The latter phrase includes general practi- tioner hospitals and general practitioner wards attached to consultant hospitals.-Iam, etc.,
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer: The Epidemiologic Evidence
Authors: Michael N. Bates
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This paper reviews the epidemiologic evidence that low frequency electromagnetic fields generated by alternating current may be a cause of cancer. Studies examining residential exposures of children and adults and studies of electrical and electronics workers are reviewed. Using conventional epidemiologic criteria for inferring causal associations, including strength and consistency of the relationship, biological plausibility, and the possibility of bias as an explanation, it is concluded that the evidence is strongly suggestive that such radiation is carcinogenic. The evidence is strongest for brain and central nervous system cancers in electrical workers and children. Weaker evidence supports an association with leukemia in electrical workers. Some evidence also exists for an association with melanoma in electrical workers. Failure to find consistent evidence of a link between residential exposures and adult cancers may be attributable to exposure misclassification. Studies so far have used imperfect surrogates for any true biologically effective magnetic field exposure. The resulting exposure misclassification has produced relative risk estimates that understate any true risk.
Error in Author Affiliation
Authors: Shih-Feng Liu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Jason Phua, FRCP; Gavin M. Joynt, FRCP; Masaji Nishimura, MD; Yiyun Deng, MD; Sheila Nainan Myatra, MD; Yiong Huak Chan, PhD; Nguyen Gia Binh, MD; Cheng Cheng Tan, MBBS; Mohammad Omar Faruq, MD; Yaseen M. Arabi, MD; Bambang Wahjuprajitno, MD; Shih-Feng Liu, MD; Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian, MD; Waqar Kashif, MD; Dusit Staworn, MD; Jose Emmanuel Palo, MD; Younsuck Koh, MD; for the ACME Study Investigators and the Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group
Body Image and Attitudes Toward Male Roles in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users
Authors: Gen Kanayama, Steven Barry, James I Hudson, Harrison G Pope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

The authors sought to expand on previous observations suggesting that body-image pathology is associated with illicit use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). In particular, the authors compared current versus past AAS users and short-term versus long-term users in this respect.The authors assessed 89 heterosexual men who lifted weights regularly-48 AAS users and 41 nonusers-on measures of self-esteem, attitudes toward male roles, body image, eating-related attitudes and behaviors, and muscle dysmorphia ("reverse anorexia nervosa").AAS users as a whole showed few differences from nonusers on most measures but showed greater symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (e.g., not allowing their bodies to be seen in public, giving up pleasurable activities because of body-appearance concerns). The current and past AAS users each differed only modestly from nonusers on most measures. Short-term AAS "experimenters" were also largely indistinguishable from nonusers, but the long-term AAS users showed striking and significant differences from nonusers on many measures, including marked symptoms of muscle dysmorphia and stronger endorsement of conventional male roles.Both body-image pathology and narrow stereotypic views of masculinity appear to be prominent among men with long-term AAS use. Although our cross-sectional observations cannot confirm that these factors help to cause or perpetuate AAS use, a causal hypothesis is certainly plausible and deserving of further testing in longitudinal studies. If these factors are indeed causal, then AAS users might respond to cognitive behavior approaches that simultaneously take aim at both types of maladaptive beliefs.
Company Information
Authors: Dick Johnson, Richard Dixon, George Mier, Gary Perlin, Bob Morgan, Richard Swanson, Betty Css, Skip Farrell, Clement Clarke, Thomas Lehman, C Norton, Joan Martt, Jay Little, Robert Williams, George Marcellino, Warren Webb, Jodey Teller, Larry Sheingorn, Janice Seeley
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)