tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1625: Challenges of screening applications for early detection of cancer using liquid biopsy
Authors: Bahram G. Kermani, Sarah Huecker, Stefan Kirsch, Bernhard Polzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract In the recent years, early detection of cancer using next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been en vogue, due to its potential to drastically improve the survival rate of cancer patients. Liquid biopsy is often viewed as the modus operandi for early detection, as taking biopsies from the actual organs is not practical for widespread screening tests. Among others, two main approaches attempted for early detection are based on cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The rarity of ctDNA and CTC is often debated as a major potential challenge for detection of cancer at early stages. In this work, we will discuss several other challenges that are necessary to address for developing a practical and high-quality screening application for early-stage detection of cancer. We will also provide a framework in which much of these challenges can be addressed. While a reasonable sensitivity is needed for such test to be of value, the most prominent matter regarding screening for cancer is specificity. Due to low prevalence of cancer, what may appear as a high specificity (e.g., 99%) could actually be insufficient, as it translates to a low positive predictive value (PPV) (e.g., in the 10% range). A low PPV would result in a large number of false positives in the test. These false positives would cause follow-up tests that are not only costly, but also could trigger unnecessary anxiety for the patients. A comprehensive validation process is another critical element in early detection. While it is tempting to perform validation based, solely, on groups of Healthy and Cancer patients, it can be shown that some signals caused by Benign conditions could highly resemble those of Cancer patients, and therefore result in false positives. We will show that distinguishing Benign from Cancer necessitates detection of more complex patterns, as opposed to simplistic measures such as genome-wide copy number variation (CNV). Yet another challenge in a liquid biopsy test is identification of the tissue-of-origin. Due to the mixed-signal problem inherent in ctDNA-based technologies, we argue that they face a higher challenge, as compared to CTC-based counterparts, for obtaining this goal. In conclusion, we will show how a system based on CTCs, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and artificial intelligence (AI) could provide an appropriate framework for addressing much of the challenges in early detection of cancer for a true screening application with the specificity in the 99.99% range. Citation Format: Bahram G. Kermani, Sarah Huecker, Stefan Kirsch, Bernhard Polzer. Challenges of screening applications for early detection of cancer using liquid biopsy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1625.
The Genetic Toxicity Database of the National Toxicology Program: Evaluation of the Relationships between Genetic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity
Authors: Raymond W. Tennant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The database of the U.S. National Toxicology Program has been developed over approximately two decades, principally focused on substances evaluated for carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays. These assays generally provide data on the relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals based upon discrete subchronic (13 week) and chronic (104 week) exposures. A major value of these data are that the assay protocols, rodent strains, and technical methodologies have been generally consistent, thus permitting comparisons between assays and chemicals. The genotoxicity data for many of the same chemicals have been developed also using standardized biological systems and protocols. Data for assays including mutagenicity in Salmonella and mouse lymphoma cells, chromosomal aberrations, and sister chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells, transformation of Balb/c 3T3 cells, and in vivo cytogenetic effects in rodents have been compiled for many chemicals. The results of all of these assays provide a substantial database for evaluating chemical effects and for defining the complex relationships between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.
Correction: Public-Health and Individual Approaches to Antiretroviral Therapy: Township South Africa and Switzerland Compared
Authors: Olivia Keiser, Catherine Orrell, Matthias Egger, Robin Wood, Martin W. G Brinkhof, Hansjakob Furrer, Gilles van Cutsem, Bruno Ledergerber, Andrew Boulle
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

The Table 1 originally published with this manuscript stated that 95.1% of the patients from South Africa used regimens recommended by guidelines, compared to 99.6% in the Swiss cohort.This is incorrect: the figures have been reversed.As the article text makes clear, 95.1% of the Swiss patients used regimens recommended by guidelines, compared to 99.
Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter refers to the article "Pharmacokinetic Approach to the Clinical Use of Lidocaine Intravenously" (236:273, 1976) by Greenblatt et al. I would like to call attention to a possible problem with the data on which they base their approach. Greenblatt and colleagues base their analysis on the data in an article by Rowland et al.<sup>1</sup>Unfortunately, Rowland and his colleagues did not do a least-squares regression of the distribution volume versus body weight; they instead assumed a 0 intercept and divided by body weight. Figure 1 is a least-squares regression of their data which I did of body weight versus distribution volume. The dashed line is the least-squares plot; the solid line is the plot that Rowland et al assumed and on which the article by Greenblatt and colleagues is based. It is clear that the solid line is not justified by the data. Yet
PROTECTION THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE GRIP OF QUACKERY ON THE NEWSPAPERS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Propranolol
Authors: HANUS J. GROSZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974PropranololHANUS J. GROSZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.HANUS J. GROSZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-118_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his critical review article on the current status of the therapeutic applications of propranolol (1), Morrelli observes that, in addition to the three officially approved indications, clinical trials have reported the potential use of propranolol for at least 34 other disorders, among them narcotic withdrawal symptoms. The reference is an incorrect and misleading interpretation of my paper "Narcotic withdrawal symptoms in heroin users treated with propranolol" (2).The error may have been caused by the title, which is admittedly ambiguous and can suggest two dimetrically opposite meanings: one, that the symptoms weretreatedwith propranolol or,...References1. MORRELLI H: Propranolol. Ann Intern Med 78:913-917, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GROSZ H: Narcotic withdrawal symptoms in heroin users treated with propranolol. Lancet 2:564-566, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GROSZ H: Successful treatment of a heroin addict with propranolol: implications for opiate addiction treatment and research. J Indiana State Med Assoc 65:505-509, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. GROSZ H: Effect of propranolol on active users of heroin. Lancet 2:612, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DEFEUDISGROSZ FH: Effects of propranolol on the binding of [14C] morphine to particulate fractions of mouse brain. Brain Res 47:510-514, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. FROHLICHTARAZIDUSTAN ERH: Peripheral arterial insufficiency: a complication of beta-adrenergic blocking therapy. JAMA 208:2471-2472, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1Page: 118-119KeywordsClinical trial reportingHeroin Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bichemotherapy versus single-agent therapy with 5FU in elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis.
Authors: Gaetan Des Guetz, Thierry Landre, Bernard Uzzan, Patrick Nicolas, Thomas Aparicio, Laurent H. Zelek, Georges Sebbane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3570 Background:The clinical benefit of first-line bi-chemotherapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) compared to single therapy (5FU) in metastatic elderly patients (> 70 or > 75 years old) with colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis (MA) of all published phase III studies. Methods: We performed a PubMed search using key-words: metastatic colo-rectal cancer, phase III studies, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, survival. We also screened ASCO and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) proceedings. Few studies have been published corresponding to our inclusion criteria. The efficacy outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Toxicity was also examined when available. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95 % confidence interval (CI) were collected from the studies and pooled. By convention, HRs < 1 corresponded to a better outcome. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A fixed-effect model was used. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). Results: This MA included five original studies (Mitry, and Koopman both assessing irinotecan; De Gramont, Seymour and Ducreux assessing oxaliplatin) and an already published MA of four trials comparing FOLFIRI with 5FU (Saltz, Douillard, Köhne and Seymour). Our MA included 1,225 patients (70 % men). For age, we chose a cut-off of 70 years for oxaliplatin and a cut-off of 75 years for irinotecan. The PS score was 0-1 in about 90% of patients except for the studies by Mitry and Seymour FOCUS2 which included 30% of PS2 patients. Overall, bi-therapy, compared to 5FU alone, did not improve OS (HR=1.00; CI: 0.89-1.13) but significantly improved PFS (HR=0.82; CI: 0.72-0.93). When assessed separately, FOLFIRI and FOLFOX significantly improved PFS (HR=0.83; 0.68-1.00, and HR=0.81; 0.68-0.97 respectively). The main grade 3/4 toxicities for FOLFIRI were diarrhea , nausea, vomiting, neutropenia, which occurred significantly more often than with 5FU alone. Conclusions: Addition of oxaliplatin or irinotecan to 5FU in metastatic CRC significantly improved PFS in elderly patients more than 70-year old, but was associated with an increased risk of toxicity for irinotecan.
Acupuncture
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your editorial on page 297 of the July 16<i>JAMA</i>in reference to Nevada's new law legalizing licensed acupuncture was greatly prejudiced against Nevada. The controls set forth in Nevada's acupuncture law are very stringent, ten years' experience in acupuncture, as a minimum. We find that very reputable acupuncturists are misinformed as to Nevada's law and are scheduling seminars on the Chinese Healing Arts in Nevada hotels; however, we must caution all concerned that until the licensing procedures are fully developed, the practice of the various forms of Chinese Medicine is against the law. The very strict controls contained in the new legislation make any live demonstration of acupuncture (such as a seminar) punishable as a gross misdemeanor if the acupuncturist is not licensed by Nevada Board of Chinese Medicine. This is true, regardless of the qualifications of the demonstrator and go so far as to preclude
Implementing Public Health Goals for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Through Law
Authors: Rhonda Gay Hartman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Two Errors
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
(Un)usual effects of patch testing?
Authors: L. Kunkeler, S.C.E. Bikkers, P.D. Bezemer, D.P. Bruynzeel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Little information is available concerning subjective complaints associated with patch testing. Objectives To gather information about the frequency and the nature of such complaints, and to evaluate, if possible, whether the complaints were really caused by patch testing. Patients/methods Four hundred and thirty‐three patients took part in a questionnaire study between December 1996 and October 1997. Complaints of itch and other subjective complaints, such as tiredness and feeling unwell, were recorded. Results From the total group of 433 patients, 379 patients (87%) recorded one or more complaints on day 0. By day 2 this number was 383 patients (88%), with a significant reduction to 326 patients (75%) by days 3–4. Most complaints concerned itch on the back, and to a lesser extent tiredness. Fifty‐four patients (54 of 433; 12%) did not report itch or other subjective complaints on day 0; of this group, 36 patients (66%) developed complaints by day 2. By days 3–4, 24 patients (44%) reported complaints: 20 patients from the day 2 group (37%) and four patients (7%) from days 3–4. Again the largest increase in complaints was found for itch on the back, but other complaints were also found to have increased, mainly tiredness, feeling unwell, headache, shakiness and light‐headedness. Conclusions We conclude that patch testing can, in addition to local skin reaction and itch, also cause other subjective complaints in a number of patients.
Microalbuminuria, Lipoproteins, and Diabetic Control
Authors: Connie L. Manske
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 February 1993Microalbuminuria, Lipoproteins, and Diabetic ControlConnie L. Manske, MDConnie L. Manske, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-4-199302150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Ramirez and colleagues [1] have shown a relation between high Lp(a) levels and poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. They did not, however, include data on a major potential confounding factor—urinary protein excretion. Several investigators have documented a dramatic increase in Lp(a) levels in nondiabetic patients with heavy proteinuria as well as in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria [2-4]. Because the presence of diabetic nephropathy correlates with poor glycemic control [5], proteinuria was probably more prevalent in the patients with HbA1c levels greater than 8%. Does the association of poor glycemic control and high Lp(a) levels persist after ...References1. Ramirez LC, Arauz-Pacheco C, Lackner C, Albright G, Adams BV, Raskin P. Lipoprotein(a) levels in diabetes mellitus: relationship to metabolic control. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:42-7. Google Scholar2. Karadi I, Romics L, Palos G, Doman J, Kaszas I, Hesz A, et al. Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in serum of patients with heavy proteinuria of different origin. Clin Chem. 1989; 35:2121-3. Google Scholar3. Joven J, Villabona C, Vilella E, Masana L, Simo JM. Abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism in the nephrotic syndrome (Letter). N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:697-8. Google Scholar4. Jenkins AJ, Steele JS, Janus ED, Best JD. Increased plasma apolipoprotein(a) levels in IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetes. 1991; 110:787-90. Google Scholar5. Chase HP, Jackson WE, Hoops SL, Lockerham RS, Archer PG, O'Brien D. Glucose control and the renal and retinal complications of insulin-dependent diabetes. JAMA. 1989; 261:1155-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 4Page: 312-313KeywordsExcretionHbA1cLipoproteinsMicroalbuminuriaProteinsProteinuria Issue Published: 15 February 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diathermie et Diathermotherapie.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Creamatocrit
Authors: A Khan, M Maguire
Journal: BMJ (1978)

appear to be of the RII category.Though we have seen several other patients with apparent chloroquine resistance, either they have been too ill to delay alternative treatment or they have had several courses of chloroquine before testing for resistance and have finally responded to the test course.It is now our practice to use chloroquine by mouth in a dose of 10 mg/kg, repeated after six hours, then daily for three days.This is the general dosage by WHO recommended standards.2We believe that chloroquine resistance is appearing in Zambia and that clinicians must watch for this.In such cases we have had success with a combination of doxycycline and quinine or chloroquine.