tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Personal Measurements for Ozone Exposure Assessment: A Pilot Study
Authors: L.-J. Sally Liu, Petros Koutrakis, Helen H. Suh, James D. Mulik, Robert M. Burton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

During summer 1991, we collected indoor, outdoor, and personal ozone concentration data as well as time-activity data in State College, Pennsylvania. These concentrations were measured for 23 children and their homes using passive ozone samplers. Outdoor concentrations were also measured at a stationary ambient monitoring site. Results from this pilot study demonstrate that fixed-site ambient measurements may not adequately represent individual exposures. Outdoor ozone concentrations showed substantial spatial variation between rural and residential regions. Ignoring this spatial variation by using fixed-site measurements to estimate personal exposures can result in an error as high as 127%. In addition, evidence from our pilot study indicates that ozone concentrations of a single indoor microenvironment may not represent those of other indoor microenvironments. Personal exposures were significantly correlated with both indoor (r = 0.55) and outdoor (r = 0.41) concentrations measured at home sites. Multiple regression analyses identified indoor ozone concentrations as the most important predictors of personal exposures. However, models based on time-weighted indoor and outdoor concentrations explained only 40% of the variability in personal exposures. When the model included observations for only those participants who spent the majority of their day in or near their homes, an R2 of 0.76 resulted when estimates were regressed on measured personal exposures. It is evident that contributions from diverse indoor and outdoor microenvironments must be considered to estimate personal ozone exposures accurately.
Inherited breast and ovarian cancer. What are the risks? What are the choices?
Authors: M. C. King
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IT IS now clear that susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer is inherited in some families. Between 5% and 10% of breast cancer<sup>1,2</sup>and ovarian cancer<sup>3</sup>can be attributed to inheritance of a gene conferring high risk, followed by genetic changes specific to the target epithelial cells of the breast or ovary. For decades, there has been no doubt that cancer is genetic, in the sense that transformation of a normal cell to invasive and malignant growth is due to changes in the DNA. But most cancer is genetic only at the level of the transformed cell, not in the germline cells of patients. Consequently, most cancer is not inherited in families. Not all that is genetic is inherited. Meanwhile, it has been observed for centuries that breast cancer clusters in families.<sup>4</sup>Of course, given the very high incidence of breast cancer in our times, there are
SPIROCHETURIA
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated With Ingestion of L-Tryptophan—United States, Through August 24,1990
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Author’s correction for Euro Surveill. 2019;24(14)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2019)

In the article 'Event-based surveillance of food- and waterborne diseases in Europe: ‘urgent inquiries’ (outbreak alerts) during 2008 to 2013' by C. M. Gossner et al., published on 25 June 2015, two members of the European Food and Waterborne Diseases Study Group from Bulgaria were inadvertently omitted. They were added on 8 July 2015, on request of the authors.
Some Recent Events of Special Interest to Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intracoronary Infusion of Skeletal Myoblasts Improves Cardiac Function in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Ken Suzuki, Bari Murtuza, Noriko Suzuki, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Skeletal myoblast transplantation is promising for the treatment of end-stage heart failure. Direct intramyocardial injection is useful for local cell delivery but may not be effective in global dissemination of cells into the heart, which would be advantageous in treating generalized cardiac dysfunction as in dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that intracoronary infusion of myoblasts would disseminate cells more effectively, leading to functional improvement in global heart failure. Methods and Results Heart failure was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin (total dose 15 mg/kg) in rat. One million primary skeletal myoblasts were then infused via the coronary arteries of an excised, failing doxorubicin-treated heart. After incubation under increased intracoronary pressure, the hearts were subsequently transplanted into syngeneic recipients. For the control group, doxorubicin-treated hearts were infused with medium only and transplanted. Four weeks after transplantation, Langendorff perfusion demonstrated that both maximum dP/dt (2797.6±103.3 versus 2326.9±133.1 mm Hg/s, P =0.01) and minimum dP/dt (−2067.4±88.1 versus −1718.8±91.3 mm Hg/s, P =0.02) were improved in myoblast-transplanted hearts compared with medium-infused hearts. This was associated with a sharper slope of the left ventricular developed pressure-volume curve and a reduced slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation in the myoblast-transplanted hearts. Immunohistochemistry for skeletal myosin heavy chain showed that globally disseminated myoblasts had survived and differentiated into multinucleated myotubes that had aligned with the cardiac fiber axis within host myocardium. No significant myocardial infarction was observed. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of skeletal myoblast transplantation via the intracoronary route as a promising strategy for improving cardiac function in global heart failure.
Mercy Killing
Authors: Walter F. Tauber
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the January 16 A Piece of My Mind, Dr Goodwin<sup>1</sup>attacked the concept of euthanasia as universally a selfish act. Nothing could be further from the truth. No doubt there are times when the scenario plays out in the way that Dr Goodwin described. However, members of my family have asked for terminal relief and have been denied. Immediately following the Cruzan decision, I rushed to execute a living will and a durable power of attorney.
Cardiac Neuroses
Authors: P. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Small oral cavity tumors are an imaging challenge. Intimate apposition of vestibular oral mucosa to the alveolar mucosa makes tumor assessment difficult. In CT imaging, the “puffed cheek” method has been used to separate surfaces, though this is not feasible with long MR imaging sequences. We implemented placement of 2 × 2 inch (6.45 cm) gauze into the oral vestibule before the MR imaging examination, to determine whether this might improve tumor visualization. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> MR imaging examinations of all T1 oral malignant tumors treated at University of California, San Francisco, by the Oral and Maxillofacial Department were reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists. Nine patients were included in the final analysis. Six patients were imaged by using a standard protocol. Three patients were imaged with gauze placement. The radiologists evaluated the MR images, assessing whether they could see the tumor and then fully delineate it and its thickness. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Fisher exact analysis was performed on questions 1, 2, and 4 with the following results: <i>P</i> value = .048, Can you see the tumor? <i>P</i> value = .012, Can you fully delineate? <i>P</i> value of .012, How confident are you? MR imaging examinations with gauze clearly delineated the tumor with the tumor thickness measurable. MR imaging examinations without gauze did not clearly show the tumor or its thickness. Confidence of interpretation of the findings was also increased when gauze was used. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> A 2 × 2 inch (6.45 cm) rolled gauze in the oral vestibule significantly improved tumor localization and delineation at MR imaging. This technique is simple and provides superior preoperative imaging evaluation and treatment planning of small oral cavity tumors.
Book Review The Therapeutics of Internal Diseases . Vol. IV and Vol. V. Supervising Editor: George Blumer, M.A. (Yale), M.D. Associate Editor: Albert J. Sullivan, M.D. 4°, cloth. Vol. IV, 790 pp., with 56 illustrations, 22 tables and 2 charts. Vol. V, 765 pp., with 29 illustrations, 31 tables and 1 chart. New York: D. Appleton-Century Company, Incorporated, 1941. Sold only as a set (5 vol. — $50.00).
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1942)
Risk of Childhood Cancer and Adult Lung Cancer after Childhood Exposure to Passive Smoke: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Paolo Boffetta, Jean Tredaniel, Antonia Greco
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We identified more than 30 studies on the association between exposure to maternal tobacco smoke during pregnancy and cancer in childhood. We combined their results in meta-analyses based on a random effects model. The results of the meta-analyses suggest a small increase in risk of all neoplasms [relative risk (RR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.19; based on 12 studies], but not of specific neoplasms such as leukemia (RR 1.05; CI, 0.82-1.34; 8 studies) and central nervous system tumors (RR 1.04; CI, 0.92-1. 18; 12 studies). Results for other specific neoplasms were sparse, but the available data did not suggest a strong association for any type of tumor. No clear evidence of dose response was present in the studies that addressed this issue. The results on exposure to maternal tobacco smoke before or after pregnancy are too sparse to allow a conclusion. The results on exposure to paternal tobacco smoke suggest an association with brain tumors (RR 1.22; CI, 1.05-1. 40; based on 10 studies) and lymphomas (RR 2.08; CI, 1.08-3.98; 4 studies). The data are too sparse for the other neoplasms, although the results of a few recent large studies are compatible with a weak carcinogenic effect of paternal smoke. For exposure from either maternal or paternal smoke, bias and confounding cannot yet be ruled out. Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that parental tobacco smoke, from the father in particular, is a risk factor of childhood cancer. Results on the risk of lung cancer in adulthood and childhood passive smoking exposure are available from 11 studies: they do not provide evidence of an increased risk (summary RR 0.91; CI, 0.80-1.05).
CLIMATE AND HEALTH.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A first-in-human phase I study to evaluate the pan-PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 administered QD or BID in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: D. D. Von Hoff, P. LoRusso, R. Tibes, G. Shapiro, G. J. Weiss, J. A. Ware, J. Fredrickson, K. E. Mazina, G. G. Levy, A. J. Wagner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

2541 Background: The PI3K-PTEN-AKT signaling pathway is deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. GDC-0941 is a potent and selective oral pan-inhibitor of the class I PI3K, which demonstrates broad activity in breast, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer in in vitro and in vivo (xenograft) models. Methods: A phase I dose-escalation study using a 3+3 design was initiated in patients (pts) with solid tumors to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety characteristics of GDC-0941. GDC-0941 was given on day 1, followed by a 1-week (wk) washout to study single-dose PK and PD markers. GDC-0941 was then dosed QD on a 3-wks on, 1-wk off, schedule. Steady-state PK and PD were evaluated after 1 wk of continuous dosing. A separate concurrent dose-escalation arm with BID dosing was initiated after the third QD cohort. Results: Thirty-six pts have been enrolled in 9 successive dose-escalation cohorts in the QD arm, with dose levels up to 245 mg daily. Twenty-three pts have been enrolled in 8 cohorts in the BID arm at total daily doses (TDD) up to 180 mg daily. Day 1 and day 15 PK data suggest GDC-0941 is rapidly absorbed and displays dose-proportional increases in mean Cmax and AUC0-inf, with a mean apparent half-life that supports either QD or BID dosing regimens. The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events were grade (Gr) 1–2 nausea, fatigue, diarrhea, and dysgeusia. Three dose-limiting toxicities have been reported: Gr 3 headache at 80 mg QD, Gr 3 pleural effusion at 80 mg TDD, and Gr 3 decreased DLCO at 180 mg TDD . A partial response has been observed in one breast cancer pt (130 mg QD) by RECIST. Other signs of anti-tumor activity have also been observed in 3 ovarian pts: one (30 mg BID) was on-study >450 days with a best response of 23% decrease in measured disease and 2.8-fold decrease in CA-125, the second (60 mg QD) was on-study >170 days with stable disease (SD) and the third (130 mg TDD) was on study for >230 days with SD. Analysis of archival tissue for PI3K pathway alterations is ongoing. Conclusions: GDC-0941 is generally well tolerated, with signs of antitumor activity. Preliminary PK data suggest dose-proportional increases in exposure across the dose levels evaluated. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Genentech Roche Genentech
T6 Randomised sham-controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: M Pengo, X Sichang, C Ratneswaran, N Shah, K Reed, T Chen, A Douiri, N Hart, Y Luo, G Rafferty, GP Rossi, A Williams, MI Polkey, J Moxham, J Steier
Journal: Thorax (2016)

Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterised by a loss of neuromuscular tone of the upper airway dilator muscles while asleep. Continuous positive airway pressure is a well-established long-term treatment, but patient compliance is limited. This study investigated the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. This was a randomised, sham-controlled cross-over trial using transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the upper airway dilator muscles in patients with confirmed obstructive sleep apnoea. Patients were randomly assigned to two nights, sham stimulation and active treatment. The primary outcome was the 4% oxygen desaturation index, responders were defined as patients with a reduction &gt;25% in the oxygen desaturation index when compared to sham stimulation and/or with an index &lt;5/hour in the active treatment night. In 36 patients (age mean 50.8 (standard deviation 11.2) years, male/female 30/6, body-mass-index median 29.6 (interquartile range 26.9–34.9) kg/m<sup>2</sup>, Epworth Sleepiness Scale 10.5 (4.6) points, oxygen desaturation index median 25.7 (16.0–49.1)/hour, apnoea hypopnoea index median 28.1 (19.0–57.0)/hour) the primary outcome measure improved when comparing sham stimulation (median 26.9 (17.5–39.5)/hour) to active treatment (median 19.5 (11.6–40.0)/hour; p = 0.026), a modest reduction of the mean by 4.1 (95% CI: −0.6–8.9)/hour. Secondary outcome parameters of patients’ perception indicated that stimulation was well tolerated. Responders (47.2%) were predominantly from the mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnoea category. In this subgroup, the oxygen desaturation index was reduced by 10.0 (95% CI: 3.9–16.0)/hour (p &lt; 0.001) and the apnoea hypopnoea index was reduced by 9.1 (95% CI: 2.0–16.2)/hour (p = 0.004). Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the pharyngeal dilators during a single night in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea improves upper airway obstruction and is well tolerated. (TESLA trial registration at NCT01661712)
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: A. Daniel Rubenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IMPACT OF THE REGULATORY PROCESS ON MEDICAL PRACTICE IN MASSACHUSETTS*The hospital licensure law enacted by the General Court of Massachusetts in 1941 was perhaps the first such legislation in the entire country. The framers of the law were convinced that standards to regulate hospitals constituted an urgent need at that time. The medical profession in general, including the Massachusetts Medical Society, supported the act, but there was concern lest the regulatory process would as time passed encroach upon the practice of medicine in hospitals, and careful consideration was given to the precise language of the law to prevent this . . .
Abstract 2451: Chronic Kidney Disease as an Independent Risk Factor for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Takeshi Horio, Yoshio Iwashima, Kei Kamide, Takeshi Tokudome, Hiroto Nakata, Fumiki Yoshihara, Satoko Nakamura, Hajime Nakahama, Yuhei Kawano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently observed in hypertensive heart disease. Older age, increased left ventricular (LV) mass, and left atrial (LA) dilatation are known to be risk factors for the occurrence of AF in hypertensive patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently been recognized to be a powerful risk for cardiovascular events. However, no study has revealed the association between CKD and the onset of AF. Thus, the present study assessed the hypothesis that CKD may influence the onset of AF in hypertensives. A total of 1,118 essential hypertensive patients (mean age, 63 years) without previous paroxysmal AF, heart failure, myocardial infarction, valvular disease, or LV asynergy were enrolled. In echocardiographic examinations, LA dimension and LV mass index (LVMI) were determined. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the modified MDRD formula. During follow-up periods (mean, 4.7 years), fifty-seven cases of new onset AF (including paroxysmal AF) were found (1.1% /year). Cumulative event-free rates by the Kaplan-Meier method were decreased according to the decrease in basal eGFR (≥60, 30 – 60, 15–30, and &lt;15 mL/min) and the increase in proteinuria (−/±, 1+/2+, and ≥3+) (log-rank test P&lt;0.001, respectively). When CKD was defined as decreased eGFR (&lt;60 mL/min) and/or the presence of proteinuria, the prevalence of new-onset AF was significantly higher in subjects with CKD (n=420) than without CKD (n=698) (7.9% vs 3.4%, P=0.001). Kaplan-Meier curves also revealed the increase in event rates in the CKD group (log-rank test P&lt;0.001). By univariate Cox regression analysis, age, smoking, LA dimension, LVMI, and the presence of CKD were significantly associated with the occurrence of AF during follow-up. Among these possible predictors, older age (HR 1.63 /10 years, P&lt;0.001) and the presence of CKD (HR 2.25, P=0.004) were independent determinants for the onset of AF in multivariate analysis. The present study demonstrated that the complication of CKD in hypertensive patients was a powerful predictor of new-onset AF, independently of LV hypertrophy and LA dilatation. Our findings may provide a new aspect in considering the cardiorenal association in hypertensive diseases.
Memory Dysfunction
Authors: Andrew E. Budson, Bruce H. Price
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

This practical review for clinicians explains that memory dysfunction is now understood in terms of four systems: episodic memory, semantic memory, procedural memory, and working memory. Separate anatomical areas of the brain are responsible for each memory system. This overview of memory should help nonspecialists in the evaluation and diagnosis of patients with various types of memory dysfunction.