tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Materials Sought for Artificial Heart
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of Glucose Transport in the NIH 3T3 L1 Preadipocyte Cell Line by TCDD
Authors: Hugh Olsen, Essam Enan, Fumio Matsumura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This study examined the changes in cellular glucose uptake induced by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as measured by quantification of intracellular radioactivity in the NIH 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell line after a 30-minute incubation with the non-metabolizable radioactive analogue of glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-[1-3H] glucose. Treatment of differentiated NIH 3T3 L1 cells with TCDD produced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the cellular uptake of glucose. Treatment of cells for 3 hr with 10(-8) M TCDD significantly reduced glucose uptake to about 10% of control values (p </= 0.05). Furthermore, cytochalasin B, a specific inhibitor of facilitative glucose transporter proteins totally abolished the portion of glucose transport activity that is sensitive to TCDD. The role of the Ah receptor in TCDD-mediated reduction in glucose uptake was investigated. Pretreatment of 3T3 L1 cells with the Ah receptor blocker 4,7-phenanthroline antagonized the effect of TCDD on glucose uptake. Structure-activity relationship studies with TCDD and two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners revealed a rank order for their potency in the inhibition of glucose transport as follows: TCDD <<3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl <2,2',5,5' tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). Such a rank order correlates both with previously determined biological activity of TCDD and the more active 3,3',4,4'- and less active 2,2',5,5'-TCB and with affinity for binding to the Ah receptor. The thyroid hormone T4, like TCDD, reduced glucose uptake and blocked the action of TCDD to further reduce glucose uptake. Experimental evidence is consistent with a proposed mechanism for TCDD to reduce the titer of functional glucose transporter proteins through its interaction with the Ah receptor.
Angioedema
Authors: James A. Tarbox, Arpana Bansal, Alan N. Peiris
Journal: JAMA (2018)

AngioedemaAngioedema is swelling caused by fluid leakage from blood vessels into the surrounding skin and tissue.Angioedema can involve any part of the body but is usually more pronounced around the eyes, lips, mouth, tongue, extremities, and genitalia.The swelling may be accompanied by hives, which are more superficial, while angioedema affects the deeper layers of skin.
Resistant Gonococci
Authors: Frank A. Manthey
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest Dr. Schwimmer's reply to a question regarding antibiotic resistant gonococci in the Questions and Answers section ofThe Journal(<b>179</b>:586 [Feb. 17] 1962). However, many, if not all, apparent cases of gonococcal infection which will not respond to adequate penicillin actually are caused by bacteria of the tribe<i>Mimeae,</i>and not by the gonococcus at all. The tribe<i>Mimeae</i>comprises 3 known varieties:<i>Mimeae polymorpha, Herela vaginicola,</i>and<i>Colloides anoxydana</i>. These organisms appear on direct gram-stain smears or on bloodagar culture as gram-negative diplococci, both intra- and extracellular in location, and as such, are indistinguishable from the gonococcus. However, if cultured on MacConkey's enteric culture medium, the gonococcus will not grow, whereas the<i>Mimeae</i>will thrive. On sheep-blood agar the<i>Mimeae</i>will grow as gram-negative rods, while the<i>Neisseria</i>will be seen as the characteristic gram-negative diplococci. The tribe<i>Mimeae</i>causes
23rd Annual Clinical Conference on Cancer of the Genitourinary Tract
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Journal Article 23rd Annual Clinical Conference on Cancer of the Genitourinary Tract Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 60, Issue 5, May 1978, Page 1183, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/60.5.1183-b Published: 01 May 1978
Functional In Vitro Assays for the Isolation of Cell Transformation Effector and Suppressor Genes
Authors: Helmut Zarbl, Choon-Joo Kho, Michael O. Boylan, John Van Amsterdam, Robert C. Sullivan, Caroline D. Hoemann, Victoria L. Afshani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Malignant transformation may be viewed as an imbalance between signals inducing cell growth and signals leading to growth inhibition, differentiation, or senescence. A basic understanding of how these counterbalancing forces interact to regulate normal cell growth is the prerequisite to comprehending the mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Identification and characterization of the gene products implicated in these regulatory pathways is the first step toward understanding the disease process. The studies outlined here provide the potential basis for isolating and molecularly characterizing transformation effector and suppressor genes, which must respectively function in the positive and negative regulation of normal cell growth. The general strategy used involves the isolation and molecular characterization of nontransformed variants (revertants) from populations of tumor cells. The selection of revertants is facilitated by the ability to separate normal from transformed cells by fluorescence-activated sorting. The basis for this separation is the differential retention of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 in the mitochondria of normal versus transformed cells. Using this approach, we have isolated revertants from a mutagenized population of v-fos-transformed Rat-1 fibroblasts. Characterization of these clones indicated that they had sustained causal mutations in transformation effector genes. The unmutated effector genes are being identified and molecularly cloned by isolating retransformed clones from revertant cell lines that have been transfected with DNA or cDNA from normal primary cells. The same selection protocol has also been used to isolate revertants from tumor cell lines that have been transfected with DNA or cDNA from primary cells. The putative tumor-suppressor genes present in these revertants are currently being analyzed.
Hematotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Benzene
Authors: Eugene P. Cronkite, Robert T. Drew, Tohru Inoue, Yoko Hirabayashi, James E. Bullis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

CBA/Ca male mice have been exposed to benzene in air at 10, 25, 100, 300, 400, and 3000 ppm for variable intervals 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 16 weeks. Two weeks of inhaling 10 ppm produced no hematologic effects; 25 ppm induced a significant lymphopenia. Inhalation of 100, 300, and 400 ppm produced dose-dependent decreases in blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cellularity, marrow content of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and an increased fraction of CFU-S in DNA synthesis. Exposure of mice to 300 ppm for 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks produced severe lymphopenia and decrease in marrow CFU-S. Recovery was rapid and complete after 2 and 4 weeks of exposure. After 8 and 16 weeks of exposure, recovery of lymphocytes was complete within 8 weeks. It took 16 weeks for the CFU-S to recover to that of the age-matched controls after 8 weeks of exposure and 25 weeks to recover to age-matched after 16 weeks of exposure. Inhalation of 3000 ppm for 8 days was less damaging than inhalation of 300 ppm for 80 days (same integral amount of benzene inhaled). The inhalation of 3000 ppm has not increased the incidence of leukemia or shortened its latency for development. Inhalation of 300 ppm 6 hr/day for 16 weeks significantly increases the incidence of myelogenous neoplasms in male CBA/Ca mice. Inhalation of 100 ppm for same interval does not influence incidence of myelogenous neoplasms but does increase incidence of solid neoplasms particularly in female CBA/Ca mice. Benzene is a potent carcinogen in CBA/Ca mice.
We were wrong
Authors: -Shernaz Walton, Kalman Keczkes
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The resulting shortage of staff has put the hospitals under considerable strain.As the scabies mite is so easily introduced when patients who are infested are transferred between institutions it may prove necessary to use scabicides on all elderly people with pruritus and a papular rash before they are admitted to hospital.Isola- tion of patients and the use of protective clothing and gloves by staff serve no useful purpose, and it may be better to treat all contacts at home and in hospital with a scabicide.
OC-095 Assessment of candidate genes to assist prognosis in gastric cancer
Authors: A Gelsthorpe, M McFarlane, S James, R Arasaradnam, H Mehanna, C Nwokolo
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastric cancer remains the fourth most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Prognostic models for survival are inadequate. In this retrospective study of archival material we used a panel of 32 RNA probes to characterise gene expression in gastric cancer patients with aggressive disease and those who survived long term. <h3>Methods</h3> The University Hospital pathology database was searched for all gastric adenocarcinomas diagnosed between April 2005 and September 2006. The patients9 age, sex, tumour stage and survival was recorded. Sixty cancers (n=60) were identified; paraffin sections retrieved and processed using HTG Molecular9s qNPA technology to hybridise RNA probes specific to each gene sequence. Tissues sections were placed directly into the 96 plate wells before hybridisation and automated reading. Each plate contained generic anchor sequences hybridised to linker probes, creating gene-specific hybridisation spots to measure each qNPA probe. Each tissue section was analysed 2 or 3 times, gene expression quantitated and an average numerical value derived. Data sets were analysed for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic method. T-test was used with Welch correction on those samples which passed while Mann–Whitney test was used on those that did not. The expression of the 32 genes was compared between patients with metastatic disease (n=30) and 5-year survivors (n=10). <h3>Results</h3> When patients with metastatic disease were compared with 5-year survivors significant increased gene expression was noted for heat shock protein (HSP-90), p=0.016 and KRAS, p=0.046. When the pattern of gene expression between those who survived less than a year (n=40) and those surviving 5 years (n=10) was compared then HSP-90 and GHRL were shown also to have altered expression. A variety of genes including TFT1, HSPD1, BCAS1, CAPDH, GHRL were globally enhanced among virtually all samples. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HSP-90 a gene encoding a chaperone protein implicated in carcinogenesis exhibited increased expression in metastatic disease. Up-regulation of HSP-90 should help cancer cells adapt to stress conferring a survival advantage. Thus finding relative over-expression in cancers which have progressed to metastatic disease suggests a possible role as a prognostic marker. This study has identified candidate genes that could contribute to a prognostic model for gastric cancer utilising qNPA technology and demonstrates the up-regulation of HSP-90 and KRAS in advanced gastric cancer. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Abstract 17433: Improved Outcomes in Septic Shock With Pre-hospitalization Use of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB)
Authors: Sagger Mawri, Jainil Shah, Jain Tarun, Rami Dirani, Alexander Michaels, Joseph Gibbs, Daryl Sudasena, Yasser Alsafadi, Ruchira Sengupta, Derar Albashaireh, Karthik Ananthasubramaniam
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: The neurohormonal effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are well recognized. Recent molecular studies have also demonstrated novel immune-modulating properties of ACEI/ARB through reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In a recent study, obese trauma patients on pre-injury ACEI/ARB had reduced multi-organ failure scores and improved T cell function and monocyte maturation as compared to those not on ACEI/ARB. We sought to determine whether pre-hospital use of ACEI/ARB conferred improvements in outcomes in patients with septic shock (SS). Methods: We evaluated 248 patients admitted to the ICU with SS from January 2011 to April 2013. Comprehensive baseline demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data was obtained at time of ICU admission. We identified 90 patients on ACEI/ARB prior to ICU admission. Chi-square and t-tests were used to assess for differences in clinical parameters and outcomes in patients who were on ACE/ARB prior to ICU admission (ACE/ARB group) versus those not on ACEI/ARB prior to ICU admission (non-ACEI/ARB group). Results: Patients in the ACE/ARB group (36%) had significantly lower heart rate (95.8 bpm vs 102.3 bpm, p&lt;0.05), higher MAP (80 mmHg vs 74 mmHg, p&lt;0.05), higher serum potassium level (4.3 mEq/L vs 4.0 mEq/L, p&lt;0.05), and less urine output (522cc vs 708cc per initial 24 hours, p&lt;0.05) with a non-significant trend towards lower respiratory rate, WBC count, lactate level and APACHE 2 score. The ACEI/ARB group had higher left ventricular systolic diameter (1.26 cm vs 1.17 cm, p&lt;0.05) and left ventricular posterior wall diameter (1.18 cm vs 1.07 cm, p&lt;0.05); however, there were no other statistically significant echocardiographic differences between both groups. In-hospital and 90-day mortality was significantly less in the ACE/ARB group compared to the non-ACE/ARB group (20% vs 31.7%, p &lt;0.05) and (25.6% vs 38%, p &lt;0.05), respectively. Conclusion: ACEI/ARB use prior to ICU admission is associated with improved outcomes in SS patients, not explained by laboratory or echocardiographic differences. This provides further support for the possible immunomodulating benefits of ACEI/ARBs; however, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Does the cellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid profile reflect the severity of sarcoidosis?
Authors: M. Drent, J.a Jacobs, J de Vries, R.J.s Lamers, I.h Liem, E.F.M. Wouters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a disease in which the pathological processes are distributed along lymphatic pathways, particularly those around the bronchovascular bundles. Delivery of disease-modulating drugs by the inhaled route is therefore an attractive option. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate 2 mg x day(-1) in adults with stable pulmonary sarcoidosis. Forty-four adult patients (22 from each centre) were enrolled from outpatient clinics in two London teaching hospitals in a two centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Primary end points were home recordings of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC). Secondary end points were symptom scores, use of rescue bronchodilator medication, and clinic values for PEFR, FEV1, FVC, forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL,CO), and total lung capacity (TLC). Symptom scores of cough, breathlessness and wheeze were lower in the active treatment group, but this did not reach statistical significance, and a general health perception assessment (Short Form (SF)-36) showed a difference between active and placebo treatment. No significant differences were found between the two groups in any physiological outcome measure. No new adverse reactions were detected. The results of this pilot study do not show an objective benefit of inhaled fluticasone propionate in pulmonary sarcoidosis where the disease is stable and is controlled without the use of inhaled corticosteroids.
4R Program results in breast cancer: the impact of 4R Care Delivery Model on timing and sequence of guideline recommended care.
Authors: Christine B. Weldon, Julia Rachel Trosman, Della F. Makower, Bruce D. Rapkin, Claudia Beth Perez, Swati Kulkarni, Cathleen M. Schaeffer, Kent Hoskins, Christopher Gallagher, Shelly S. Lo, Cathy Grace-Louthen, Alyssa Throckmorton, Editha Krueger, Jennifer Van Horn, Brieyona Chardee Reaves, Arliene Ravelo, Elaine Yu, Al Bowen Benson, Lidia Schapira, William John Gradishar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

573 Background: We previously proposed a 4R care delivery model which enables patients and care teams to manage timing and sequence of interdependent, time sensitive care with a novel multimodality 4R Care Sequence plan (NCI ASCO Teams Project; Trosman, JOP 2016). We report final results of a program which tested 4R at 10 US centers (4 academic and 6 non-academic) from 2016 to 2019. Methods: 4R Sequences were provided to stage 0-III breast cancer patients (4R cohort, N = 422) at participating centers. Analyses of clinical and patient-reported data compared the 4R cohort to a historical control cohort of patients who received care pre-4R at the same centers (N = 466). Results: We significantly improved 5 guideline recommended referral metrics and 4 referral completion metrics indicating receipt of care by patients who were referred (Table). Although significantly increased, referrals to dental visit and smoking cessation before treatment remained low (&lt; 20% and &lt; 10% respectively). Patient survey comments indicated that insufficient lead time to quit smoking or obtain fertility consult before cancer treatment was a key barrier for completing these referrals. Conclusions: 4R markedly improved referral and receipt of interdependent guideline recommended breast cancer care for most metrics. Future 4R program should optimize the timing of referrals within the 4R Care Sequence to allow sufficient time for smoking cessation and fertility care before treatment initiation. [Table: see text]
Congenital Absence of the Ductus Deferens
Authors: Stanwood S. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Congenital absence of the vas with a normal testicle is not a rare condition.<sup>1</sup>It is sufficiently common that anyone performing vasectomies should be aware of its possibility. The proof of the matter would be an adequate vasectomy on the side where the vas was found and a postoperative clearing of sperm from the seminal fluid. In this specific patient a right orchiectomy is completely contraindicated. If there should be any doubt as to the presence of a vas, inspection of the lower pole of the epididymis would show whether a vas deferens arose from the epididymis or not. I have seen bilateral congenital absence of the vas deferens. This is a far more rare condition. Palpation of the vas, however, should be done in every fertility work-up in order to rule out its absence.
The effects of age on treatment and outcomes in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.
Authors: Dario R. Roque, Beth Cronin, Katina Robison, Vrishali Lopes, Tina Rizack, Don S. Dizon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

5100 Background: Advanced age may affect the treatment choice and subsequent outcome in elderly patients with cervical cancer. Given the potential for cure with either surgery or chemoradiation in early stage disease, we aimed to determine whether a patient’s age influenced the treatment received and the outcome. Methods: Our retrospective cohort identified a total of 303 patients diagnosed with Stage IB1 through IIB cervical carcinoma who were treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010. The eligible patients were divided into two groups based on age at the time of diagnosis: &lt;65 and &gt; 65 years. Adjusted odd ratios were calculated to determine variables associated with treatment received (chemoradiation or surgery). Single and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to estimate hazard ratios for variables associated with disease specific survival. Results: Of the patients meeting inclusion criteria, 253 were &lt;65 years and 50 were &gt; 65 years. The distribution of tumor histology, stage and grade was not different between the two groups. After adjusting for histology, stage and a validated comorbidity score, the odds ratio of receiving chemoradiation vs. surgery for the cohort &gt; 65 years was 1.69 (OR 95% CI: 0.68-4.17). There was no significant difference in the type of primary treatment received between the two groups (P = 0.16). Persistent disease was seen in 46 (18%) of the younger patients and in 19 (38%) of the older patients (P = 0.02). In the elderly cohort the treatment received did not influence disease-specific or all-cause mortality. However, compared to women under 65, older women treated surgically had increased disease specific (HR 3.18, 95% CI: 0.98-10.3) and all-cause mortality (HR 6.53, 95% CI: 2.57-16.6). Conclusions: Age does not appear to be a factor influencing the treatment received by patients with Stage IB1-IIB cervical cancer. The type of treatment received does not seem to affect disease-specific mortality among older versus younger women. However, surgery was associated with a 6.5-fold increased risk of all cause mortality among older women when compared to women under 65 years.