tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Author’s Middle Initials Missing in Byline
Authors: Willemijn Jansen, Rik Ossenkoppele, Pieter Visser
Journal: JAMA (2015)

The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration; Emanuele Di Angelantonio, MD; Stephen Kaptoge, PhD; David Wormser, PhD; Peter Willeit, MD; Adam S. Butterworth, PhD; Narinder Bansal, PhD; Linda M. O'Keeffe, PhD; Pei Gao, PhD; Angela M. Wood, PhD; Stephen Burgess, PhD; Daniel F. Freitag, PhD; Lisa Pennells, PhD; Sanne A. Peters, PhD; Carole L. Hart, PhD; Lise Lund Håheim, PhD; Richard F. Gillum, MD; Børge G. Nordestgaard, MD; Bruce M. Psaty, MD; Bu B. Yeap, FRACP; Matthew W. Knuiman, PhD; Paul J. Nietert, PhD; Jussi Kauhanen, MD; Jukka T. Salonen, MD; Lewis H. Kuller, MD; Leon A. Simons, MD; Yvonne T. van der Schouw, PhD; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD; Randi Selmer, PhD; Carlos J. Crespo, DrPH; Beatriz Rodriguez, MD; W. M. Monique Verschuren, PhD; Veikko Salomaa, MD; Kurt Svärdsudd, MD; Pim van der Harst, MD; Cecilia Björkelund, MD; Lars Wilhelmsen, MD; Robert B. Wallace, MD; Hermann Brenner, MD; Philippe Amouyel, MD; Elizabeth L. M. Barr, PhD; Hiroyasu Iso, MD; Altan Onat, MD; Maurizio Trevisan, MD; Ralph B. D'Agostino Sr, PhD; Cyrus Cooper, FRCP; Maryam Kavousi, MD; Lennart Welin, MD; Ronan Roussel, MD, PhD; Frank B. Hu, MD; Shinichi Sato, MD; Karina W. Davidson, PhD; Barbara V. Howard, PhD; Maarten J. G. Leening, MD, MSc; Annika Rosengren, MD; Marcus Dörr, MD; Dorly J. H. Deeg, PhD; Stefan Kiechl, MD; Coen D. A. Stehouwer, MD; Aulikki Nissinen, MD; Simona Giampaoli, MD; Chiara Donfrancesco, DrStat; Daan Kromhout, PhD; Jackie F. Price, MD; Annette Peters, PhD; Tom W. Meade, FRS; Edoardo Casiglia, MD; Debbie A. Lawlor, PhD; John Gallacher, PhD; Dorothea Nagel, PhD; Oscar H. Franco, MD; Gerd Assmann, FRCP; Gilles R. Dagenais, MD; J. Wouter Jukema, MD; Johan Sundström, MD; Mark Woodward, PhD; Eric J. Brunner, PhD; Kay-Tee Khaw, FMedSci; Nicholas J. Wareham, FRCP; Eric A. Whitsel, MD, MPH; Inger Njølstad, MD, PhD; Bo Hedblad, MD; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, PhD; Gunnar Engström, MD; Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, MSc; Elizabeth Selvin, PhD; Naveed Sattar, FRCP; Simon G. Thompson, FMedSci; John Danesh, FMedSci
Molecular Mechanisms of Nickel Carcinogenesis
Authors: Max Costa, Konstantin Salnikow, Sofia Cosentino, Catherin B. Klein, Xi Huang, Zhixiong Zhuang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Carcinogenic, water-insoluble Ni compounds are phagocytized by cells; and the particles undergo dissolution inside the cell, releasing Ni ions that interact with chromatin.Ni produces highly selective damage to heterochromatin.The longest contiguous region of heterochromatin in the Chinese hamster genome is found on the q arm of the X chromosome, and this region is selectively damaged by Ni.More than half of the male mice in which there were Ni-induced transformations of Chinese hamster cells exhibited complete deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome.The introduction of a normal X chromosome into these cells resulted in cellular senescence, suggesting that the Ni interacted with Chinese hamster genome to inactivate a senescence gene.Investigations were conducted into the mechanisms by which Ni produced damage to chromatin.Ni ions have a much higher affinity for proteins and amino acids than for DNA (by five to seven orders of magnitude).Therefore, Ni interacted with chromatin because of the protein present, not because of its reactivity for DNA.Studies have shown that Ni produced an increase in oxidative products in cells as indicated by oxidation of the fluorescent dye dichlorofluorescein; Ni has also been shown to produce oxidation of proteins in cells, as measured by carbonyl formation.Ni cross-linked certain amino acids and proteins to DNA.These covalent cross-links were not dissociated by EDTA and are inconsistent with direct Ni involvement, but they are consistent with Ni acting catalytically.Using subtractive hybridization, we have isolated a number of clones that are expressed in normal but not in Ni-transformed cells.One of these genes is thrombospondin.The levels of thrombospondin as measured by mRNA and monoclonal antibodies were very low in Ni-transformed cells compared with normal cells.The gene appeared to be intact, based upon restriction enzyme analysis with Southern blots.We have demonstrated, using the promoter region of thrombospondin, that transcription of a CAT reporter gene is lower in nickel transformation compared to normal cells.We are currently investigating mechanisms for this down regulation and testing the possibility that this may involve the loss of a senescence gene which affected the transcription of genes such as thrombospondin.
Cerebral angiography
Authors: O. Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Roentgenographic investigation of the blood vessels of the brain (cerebral angiography) is carried out to achieve several different goals: (1) to visualize the origin of intracranial bleeding, (2) to note the position of arteries and veins and identify any changes which may be produced by spaceoccupying lesions (tumor, clot, abscess) or by enlarged ventricles, (3) to visualize congenital vascular malformations or newly formed abnormal vessels within tumors, and (4) to see if there is vascular disease which may affect cerebral blood flow (spasm, arteriosclerosis, arteritis, thrombosis). Thus, angiography of the cerebral vessels may be useful whenever there is disease or disorder of the skull or its contents (including the eyes). <h3>Technique</h3> The most direct way of introducing radiopaque materials into the vessels leading to the brain is to make an incision over the carotid or vertebral arteries in the neck, isolate the artery, and inject directly through a needle. Open
Book Review International Studies on the Relation Between the Private and Official Practice of Medicine with Special Reference to the Prevention of Disease, Conducted for the Milbank Memorial Fund . By Sir Arthur Newsholme, K.C.B., M.D., F.R.C.P. Volume One. The Netherlands, Scandinavia, Germany, Austria, Switzerland. London: George Allen &amp; Unwin, Ltd. Baltimore: The Williams &amp; Wilkins Company.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1931)
Participation of international medical graduates in graduate medical education and hospital care for the poor
Authors: M. E. Whitcomb
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the impact of limiting international medical graduate (IMG) participation in US graduate medical education (GME) on the delivery of hospital care to the poor. <h3>Methods.</h3> —To ascertain the pattern of IMG participation in GME and the degree to which the principal teaching hospitals with programs with large IMG enrollments provide care to the poor, we used data from the American Medical Association 1993 Annual Survey of Graduate Medical Education Programs and Teaching Institutions to analyze the pattern of IMG participation in GME in the six core specialties of internal medicine, family practice, obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, pediatrics, and psychiatry. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Programs were identified as IMG dependent if at least 50% of the resident physicians enrolled in the first year of the program were IMGs. All programs were linked to their principal teaching hospitals, and hospitals were assessed according to the number of programs based at each institution, the number of IMG-dependent programs at the institution, and whether no-pay patients and/or Medicaid/public assistance beneficiaries constituted more than 20% of the patients served. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 20170 first-year resident physicians in the six core specialties, 31.8% were IMGs. The proportion of programs dependent on IMG enrollment was 27.7%, ranging from 5.2% in obstetrics and gynecology programs to 49.5% in psychiatry programs. About 72% of all first-year IMGs were in IMG-dependent programs. Of the 688 hospitals serving as principal teaching sites for programs in at least one of the six core specialties, 106 were categorized as dependent on IMG programs, but only 77 of those provided a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. Finally, 40% of IMG-dependent GME programs and 36% of first-year IMG residents were based in hospitals that did not provide a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Based on this analysis, 77 hospitals can arguably be considered dependent on IMG resident physicians to provide care to the poor. Moreover, a large number of IMG residents and IMG-dependent programs are in hospitals that do not provide a disproportionate amount of care to the poor. These findings show the scale of the problem policymakers must address if they choose to limit IMG access to GME while maintaining access of the poor to needed hospital care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:696-699)
PALINDROMIC RHEUMATISM
Authors: Milton Mazer
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The term palindromic rheumatism has been applied by Hench and Rosenberg<sup>1</sup>to an unusual disease of joints and adjacent tissues recently described by them. Characterizing the disease are multiple episodes of acute arthritis, periarthritis and occasionally para-arthritis without fever. Typically, only one, though occasionally several, small or large joints are involved in an attack, with pain, swelling, redness and disability. The attacks are sudden in onset, reach a climax rapidly and then subside, leaving no residue. Despite scores of attacks at irregularly spaced long or short intervals, irreversible changes in the joints or periarticular tissues are not found. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A man aged 53, who during the first world war served in France for two years, first with the Y. M. C. A. and later with the Army of the United States, was employed as a university instructor from 1919 to 1927 and as secretary of a national
Pediatrics
Authors: Arthur I. Eidelman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Rarely in medicine has the explosion in our knowledge of pathophysiology been matched by the development of advanced technology and comprehensive health planning as it has in the subspecialty of the decade of the 1970s, neonatology. As a result, a dramatic reduction in neonatal mortality and morbidity has occurred, and a new generation of pediatric subspecialists, the neonatologists, has emerged to extend the success of the 1970s into the 1980s. <h3>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</h3> Tracing the progress in understanding of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the major cause of immediate neonatal mortality, graphically illustrates this phenomenon. Animal experiments in the 1960s supported the theory that RDS is due to a developmental deficiency of lung surface-active phospholipids (surfactant). The consequences are, clinically, severe respiratory distress; physiologically, diminished lung volume and alveolar instability; and, biochemically, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidemia. In 1971, Gluck et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that one could monitor fetal lung maturity by
Structure-Activity Relationships in the Free-Radical Metabolism of Xenobiotics
Authors: Colin F. Chignell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Many xenobiotics, including naturally occurring compounds, drugs, and environmental agents, are metabolized both in vivo and in vitro to free-radical intermediates. The one-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds, quinones, and a wide variety of other chemicals is catalyzed enzymatically by a number of reductases and dehydrogenases. Structure-activity studies have shown that the cytotoxicities of nitroaromatic compounds and quinones are related to their one-electron reduction potentials (E1(7)). Other factors such as oil:water partition coefficients may also be important. Xenobiotics may also be oxidized to free radicals by peroxidases. Hammett's rules apply to the one-electron oxidation of simple meta- or para-substituted phenols and amines by horseradish peroxidase, compound I.
The Mother's Manual. A Month by Month Guide for Young Mothers.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ENVIRONMENT ON THE GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF NORMAL RABBITS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF NEON LIGHT
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The influence of light environment on the growth and nutrition of normal rabbits was studied by comparing the weight curves of animals living under different environmental conditions for periods of 4 to 8 months and the effects of change from one environment to another. Prolonged exposure to neon light was compared with confinement in the dark and exposure to diffuse, filtered sunlight of varying intensity. The results of the experiments showed that growth and nutrition were greatly affected by the light environment in which the animals lived. The effects produced by a given environment varied with the color or breed of the animal and appeared to be out of proportion to the differences in the intensity of the light or the energy represented.
Correction: A Phase I Pharmacologic Study of Necitumumab (IMC-11F8), a Fully Human IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody Directed against EGFR in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies: Table 3.
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

issue of Clinical Cancer Research (1), Table 3 was incorrectly formatted.The correct table appears below: Also, on page 1,922, the last sentence should read, "For example, in patients treated with necitumumab 800 mg every 2 weeks, trough concentrations (14 days posttreatment and immediately prior to the next treatment) averaged 83 μg/mL after the final dose of cycle 1," not "between 78 and 83 μg/mL, respectively, after the first and final dose of cycle 1."
A different peer review
Authors: I. H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Peer review means different things to different people. To most American physicians it means PSRO, to the British House of Lords it means Peers examining other Peers for moral turpitude, and to the scientific community, it means Study Sections and Councils that determine a grantee's financial and possibly research future. I shall prudently leave discussion of the first two to<i>my</i>peers. But as an ancient peer reviewer (ad 1949) I feel impelled, by my desire to have all physicians understand the threat to biomedical research, to challenge Secretary Weinberger's quoted statement (UPI) that, "There is too much emphasis on investigator-initiated research and not enough on directed research." Further, the Bureau of Management and Budget let it be known by way of a position paper released by Senator Kennedy, that the peer review groups of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are self-serving, too numerous and costly, allow government administrators
Restricting amphetamines. Wisconsin's success story
Authors: D. A. Treffert
Journal: JAMA (1981)

AMPHETAMINE abuse is a major component of the drug-abuse problem in the United States. Two 1977 National Institute of Drug Abuse studies showed that anorectic stimulant and sedative-hypnotic use taken together ranked first in prevalence in rural areas, and second only to use of opiates in urban areas, as the primary drug problem at the time of admission to treatment units in eight states; next to marijuana, amphetamines were the class of drugs most commonly used by a large sample of For editorial comment see p 1346. veterans and nonveterans, with a clear relationship between amphetamine use and adjustment problems in the sample.<sup>1,2</sup> In 1975 prescriptions numbering 25.4 million were written for amphetamines and related anorectic drugs. Manufacturers' sales totaled $84.6 million and retail sales totaled $170 million. The production of diet pills reached a total of 12 billion pills in 1971, most of them Schedule II substances.<sup>3</sup>
Air Pollution and Unscheduled Hospital Outpatient and Emergency Room Visits
Authors: Xiping Xu, Baoluo Li, Huying Huang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

We conducted a time-series analysis of daily hospital visits and air pollution data to assess acute effects of air pollution on daily unscheduled outpatient visits to internal medicine, pediatric, and emergency departments in the No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Medical University in Beijing, China. Sulfur dioxide was marginally significantly associated with total outpatient visits (beta = 41.5, SE = 24.2) and significantly associated with internal medicine (beta = 14.6, SE = 6.7), pediatric (beta = 12.7, SE = 3.7), and emergency room visits (beta = 6.8, SE = 2.7). Total suspended particulates (TSP) was a significant predictor for total outpatient (beta = 21.1, SE = 7.7) and pediatric visits (beta = 3.4, SE = 1.3) and a marginally significant predictor of internal medicine visits (beta = 4.2, SE = 2.2). In a season-specific analysis, SO2 was a significant predictor for total hospital outpatient visits in summer, although the mean daily SO2 concentration was only 17 micrograms/m3 (maximum = 51 micrograms/m3). In winter, SO2 was significantly associated with internal medicine, pediatric, and emergency room visits, and TSP was associated with total outpatient visits. This study suggests an exposure-response relationship between TSP and SO2 and hospital outpatient visits, both at high air pollution levels and at levels well below air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization.
MEDICINE AND THEOLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ampicillin prevents intrapartum transmission of group B streptococcus
Authors: M. D. Yow
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Early-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease in the infant is acquired by vertical transmission from the mother colonized with GBS. Thirty-four women colonized with GBS were treated with intravenous ampicillin sodium during labor. None of their infants were colonized with GBS at birth or within 48 hours. Twenty-four women colonized with GBS received no antibiotic therapy; 14 (58%) of their infants were colonized with GBS at birth or by 48 hours. This difference was highly significant. Mechanisms by which this may have occurred were temporary suppression of GBS vaginal and rectal colonization, high concentration of ampicillin in the amniotic fluid, and transplacental transport of the antibiotic to the infant. In areas where GBS disease is prevalent, we recommend screening pregnant women (34 to 36 weeks' gestation) and treating those colonized with GBS (with no history of penicillin hypersensitivity) with intravenous ampicillin during labor. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1245-1247, 1979)
Effects of PBBs on Cattle. IV. Distribution and Clearance of Components of FireMaster BP-6
Authors: L. B. Willett, H. I. Durst
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Sixty dairy animals were utilized in seven experiments to determine aspects of the distribution and clearance of FireMaster BP-6. Experimental protocols of various studies provided daily exposures from 0.25 to 25,000 mg, exposures for 1 to 202 days, and total study periods from 10 to 1100 days. Necropsy of 28 animals provided information on residue concentrations in 35 tissues, and the excretion in milk was determined in 15 animals. These studies showed that the major brominated biphenyls of this commercial mixture were absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and appeared in the blood plasma within 4 hr. With continued exposure to the residue plasma concentrations reached a steady state by 15 days. Free PBB was not detectable in urine. During PBB feeding feces was the major route of excretion, representing approximately 50% of the amount fed to animals not displaying signs of toxicosis. Following a withdrawal of PBB, fecal concentrations declined to 1 to 2% of concentrations during dosing, yet, feces remained the major excretory route in nonlactating animals. In contrast, in post-exposure lactating animals milk fat became an important excretory route removing three-times the quantity of residue cleared in feces. Following parturition, concentrations of PBB in milk fat declined approximately twofold in 6 days. Thereafter, the residue concentration in milk fat was approximately 0.4 that in depot fats. PBB had a predilection for lipid tissues with similar concentrations in various depot fats. Concentrations of the residue were notably low in tissues of the nervous system despite the high content of lipid material. Liver contained residue concentrations that were disproportionately high when compared to the lipid content of the organ. Calves born to PBB-exposed cows had similar distribution of residues in body tissues although concentrations were less than those of the dam.
Comparison of uninsured and privately insured hospital patients. Condition on admission, resource use, and outcome
Authors: J. Hadley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To investigate the association between insurance status and condition on admission, resource use, and in-hospital mortality, we analyzed discharge abstracts for 592 598 patients hospitalized in 1987 in a national sample of hospitals. In 13 of 16 age-sex-race—specific cohorts, the uninsured had a 44% to 124% higher risk of in-hospital mortality at the time of admission than did the privately insured. After controlling for this difference, the actual in-hospital death rate was 1.2 to 3.2 times higher among uninsured patients in 11 of 16 cohorts. The uninsured also were 29% to 75% less likely to undergo each of five high-cost or high-discretion procedures and 50% less likely to have normal results on tissue pathology reports for biopsies performed during five of seven different endoscopic procedures. Our results suggest that insurance status is associated with a broad spectrum of aspects of hospital care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:374-379)