tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of mycotoxins in health and disease
Authors: J. S. Marr
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Medical News &amp; Perspectives article by Mr Marwick,<sup>1</sup>the threat of a "toxic mold" hazard associated with flooding in the Midwest underscores a much larger threat posed by mycotoxins. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report<sup>2</sup>noted numerous illnesses and deaths attributed the<i>Stachybotrys atra</i>mycotoxins in the United States as a relatively recent phenomenon. We have postulated that exposure to<i>S atra</i>explains the mystery surrounding the 10th plague mentioned in Exodus.<sup>3</sup> Unfortunately, literature on plant pathology and veterinary science is not routinely accessible through medical search engines, and the extent of human and animal mycotoxin pathology is largely unknown to the medical community. Mycotoxins are ubiquitous, extremely potent, biologically active toxins, which in trifling amounts cause numerous diseases in animals and humans.<sup>4</sup>Mycotoxins may be the "purloined letter" we have been looking for to explain other human disease
BERLIN LETTER.
Authors: None H. R. B.
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Berlin, Dec. 20, 1884. Every practitioner here seems to be a thoroughly good pathologist, and it is quite common for a professor to prepare some elaborate microscopical slide while conversing with his pupils. Thus it was at Prof. Fraenkel's clinic the other day. He had reason to suspect some pulmonary trouble in a patient, and in a very few moments he had prepared an excellent slide of the bacillus tuberculosis. In the same way Prof. Senator gave a most interesting account of the pathological history of interstitial hepatitis, and its relation to heart trouble. Wolfe's public lectures every Monday afternoon, are full of practical points for the cultivation of bacilli, and their microscopical demonstration. Prof. Fritsch extends the courtesies of his laboratory to any physician interested in special work; he himself is engaged upon icthyological inquiries. Dr. Rabe Rückard in his course of normal histology, begins with the organs on
Effects of long-term administration of octreotide in portal vein-stenosed rats
Authors: H LIN
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The hemodynamic effects of long-term administration of octreotide in portal hypertension has not been established. In addition, whether long-term octreotide treatment prevents the development of portosystemic shunts has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of long-term administration of octreotide in rats with portal vein stenosis. Immediately after portal vein stenosis or sham operation, rats were given either a long-term octreotide administration of 100 μg/kg or a placebo every 12 hours by subcutaneous injection for 14 consecutive days. Systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flows, degree of mesenteric-systemic shunts, and plasma glucagon concentrations were measured after the final dose of octreotide or placebo. A fifth group of portal vein-stenosed rats received hemodynamic and plasma glucagon measurements after 1-day octreotide treatment given at 14 days after surgery. Long-term octreotide treatment modified the hyperdynamic circulation without affecting the degree of mesenteric-systemic shunts, and 1-day octreotide treatment decreased portal tributary blood flow without affecting the portal pressure, systemic hemodynamics, and degree of mesenteric-systemic shunts. Plasma glucagon levels were decreased in portal vein-stenosed rats receiving either long-term or 1-day octreodtide compared with rats receiving placebo. In contrast, chronic octreotide treatment did not affect any of the hemodynamic values or plasma glucagon levels in sham-operated rats. In conclusion, long-term administration of octreotide modified in part the development of portal hypertension and hyperdynamic circulation in portal vein-stenosed rats without affecting the degree of mesenteric-systemic shunts.
Microwave Cataracts
Authors: Budd Appleton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MICROWAVES in our environment and the possibility that they harm humans are facts of modern life. Microwaves are a form of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, generally considered to include wavelengths from 1 mm to 2 meters long, which are common to radar devices used by commercial airlines and the federal government, line-of-sight telecommunication devices, "instant" cooking ovens, and diathermy treatment machines. Every American every day encounters microwaves. Experiments have shown that mammalian eyes can develop cataracts from exposure to microwaves. What is the risk of similar damage to man? The experimental evidence is based largely on studies with rabbits and dogs. In both of these animal models, it appears that the dose of microwaves that produces cataracts is so high that (except for the head) the animal's body must be shielded; otherwise, superficial burns and hyperthermic death would occur. Also, microwave radiation at cataractogenic levels cannot be tolerated by these animals
Clinical effect of TKI dose-escalation after disease progression in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Moshe Chaim Ornstein, Paul Elson, Jorge A. Garcia, Timothy D. Gilligan, Laura S. Wood, Kimberly D Allman, Allison Martin, Brian I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

4562 Background: Given the variability in drug levels with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), escalation of dose at the time of progressive disease (PD) may have anti-tumor effect. Methods: Pts with mRCC who were treated at Cleveland Clinic with TKIs and were dose-escalated following PD per RECIST 1.1 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient and disease-related data were collected and summarized as frequency counts and percentages, or medians and ranges. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to summarize treatment duration on escalated doses. Results: Nineteen patients were identified. The majority of patients (84%) were male; median age was 58 (range, 40-71). The most common histology was clear cell (79%), 78% of pts were intermediate risk by IMDC criteria, and all but one patient had prior nephrectomy. Axitinib was the most frequently escalated agent following disease progression (89%); starting at 5mg BID and generally escalating by 1-2mg BID as tolerated. Sunitinib was the dose-escalated TKI in the remaining 2 patients; starting at 50 mg on a 4/2 schedule and escalating to 62.5mg on a 2/1 schedule. Prior to PD/dose-escalation, best response was partial response (PR) in 7 (37%) pts, stable disease (SD) in 10 (53%), and PD in 2 (11%) pts with a median treatment duration of 6.7 months (range, 1.6-49.8). Of pts with evaluable tumor measurements during the escalation period (n = 15), 11 pts (73%) had a decrease in tumor burden. Median decrease in tumor burden after dose-escalation was 11% (range, 0-58%); 6 (40%) pts had decreases > 10%: 3 (20%) > 20%, and 1 (7%) > 30%. Most pts continue to be treated at escalated doses; median duration of escalated therapy is estimated to be 9.8 months (range 0.6+ to 21.1+ months). Conclusions: Dose-escalation of TKIs after PD in select mRCC can lead to reduction in tumor burden and extend the duration of therapy.
Pharmaceutical Advertising
Authors: HARRY L. ARNOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1978Pharmaceutical AdvertisingHARRY L. ARNOLD JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.HARRY L. ARNOLD JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-3-434_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mr. (or Dr. by now?) Letovsky (Ann Intern Med 87:631-632, 1977) needs to grow up a little before he can reach a balanced view of the relation between pharmaceutical manufacturers and the medical profession.His almost visible shudder as he writes the word "profits" calls to mind Al Capp's statement that if he had to choose between a young man determined to do good to mankind and another young man determined to make a fast buck, he would take the latter every time, because the only way to make a fast buck was by being honest and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HARRY L. ARNOLDJR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Honolulu, HI 96813 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1978Volume 88, Issue 3Page: 434-434 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
IN UNITED STATES COURTS.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary Function Defects in Nonsmoking Vinyl Chloride Workers
Authors: Albert Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves to determine whether exposure to an occupational environment contaminated with vinyl chloride (VC) fumes and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) dust is associated with an increased risk of respiratory impairment. Data were analyzed for smoking, duration of exposure, and age. The high prevalence of impaired flow (57.5%) could not be attributed to smoking. Prevalence in nonsmokers was 36.4% when exposure was less than 10 yr, 42% when exposure was between 10 and 20 yr, and 80% when exposure exceeded 20 yr. The last is virtually the same rate as for smokers exposed more than 20 years. The same trend is shown with increasing age. Unlike younger workers, when smokers and nonsmokers more than or equal to 40 years of age are compared, prevalence rates of air flow impairment are not statistically different. The present investigation is one of the few in which the effects of occupational exposure could be separated from and were found to predominate over the effects of smoking.
Pathology of Aging Female SENCAR Mice Used as Controls in Skin Two-Stage Carcinogenesis Studies
Authors: Jerrold M. Ward, Ricardo Quander, Deborah Devor, Martin L. Wenk, Edwin F. Spangler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The pathology of 60 aged female SENCAR mice used as acetone controls in skin painting studies was studied. Fifty percent of the mice survived past 96 weeks of age. The major contributing causes of death identified in 42 mice were glomerulonephritis (8 mice), histiocytic sarcoma (7 mice), and other tumors (8 mice). Glomerulonephritis was found in the majority of mice and was associated with thymic hyperplasia, focal vasculitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia. Necropsy of 58 mice surviving past 50 weeks of age revealed that 41 had an average of 1.36 tumors per mouse. The most common tumors included histiocytic sarcoma (13 mice), pulmonary adenoma or adenocarcinoma (11 mice), mammary tumors (11 mice), follicular center cell lymphoma (4 mice), and hepatocellular adenoma (4 mice). The 13 histiocytic sarcomas appeared to arise in the uterus and metastasized to liver (9 mice), lung (4 mice), kidney (3 mice), and other tissues. Lung tumors were of the solid and papillary types, and tumor cells frequently contained surfactant apoprotein (SAP) but did not contain Clara cell antigens, suggesting their origin from alveolar Type II cells. A variety of nonneoplastic lesions, similar to those observed in other mouse strains, were seen in other tissues of these mice. Amyloid-like material was seen only in nasal turbinates and thyroid gland. In a group of 28 mice exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for up to 88 weeks, as a control for other treatment groups, 7 (25%) had papillomas and 5 (17.8%) had squamous cell carcinomas of the skin at necropsy, although many other induced papillomas regressed during the study.
Annales d'Oto-Laryngologie, Paris
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The safety of trekking at high altitude after coronary bypass surgery
Authors: H. N. Hultgren
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Hultgren raises some interesting points. However, I stand by our original contention that a patient who has had coronary bypass surgery would undergo some risk by trekking to an altitude of 5760 m (19 008 ft). There is overwhelming evidence of severe arterial hypoxemia at this great altitude irrespective of whether the trekker is well-acclimatized. For example, when a group of physiologists lived at a similar altitude of 5800 m (19 140 ft) for several months during the Himalayan Scientific and Mountaineering Expedition of 1960 to 1961, the mean arterial oxygen saturation was only 67% at rest and fell further during exercise.<sup>1</sup>The calculated resting arterial oxygen partial pressure (PO<sub>2</sub>) was only 36 mm Hg. Such a low arterial PO<sub>2</sub>must cause severe tissue hypoxia. Although the 51-year-old patient had a coronary artery bypass with apparently excellent results, it is unreasonable to assume that
ON THE COVERResidency Selection: Making a MatchFrom Medical Student to Intern: Where Are the Role Models?Is Medical School the Right Place to Choose a Specialty?Residency Selection Process and the Match: Does Anyone Believe Anybody?
Journal: JAMA (2001)

THE OPPORTUNITY TO GAIN exposure to the various fields of medicine en route to selecting a specialty.Each spring, the residency match process lights a fire under senior medical students.Interviewing applicants and residencies evaluate and rank each other prior to final placement by the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP).At many schools, the culminating event is a Match Day ceremony, where seniors gather to learn whether their efforts have merited entry into their program of choice.The agony and ecstasy of medical school crystallize into a single moment as the seal is broken on the envelope holding each graduate's match outcome.The result is met with elation and relief for many, disappointment for some.Most feel satisfaction at advancing closer to a career, perhaps mingled with regret at leaving other options behind.Even amid the jubilation, an undercurrent of anticipation and trepidation is palpable at the prospect of assuming real responsibilities.In 2001, 93.7% of graduating allopathic US medical students matched into residency, accounting for 73.8% of the 18354 positions filled by the NRMP. 1 An additional 4215 positions were filled by US osteopathic applicants, US international medical graduates (IMGs) and non-US IMGs.Overall, available positions in primary and specialty care both showed an 89% fill rate, although entry into primary care was down 3.6% compared to 2000. 1 Residency training is a relatively new development in medical education. 2 In the early 1900s, medical school was considered adequate preparation for general practice.Expansion of information by the 1920s necessitated a "rounding out" year of internship.Specialty training (a privilege reserved for only the most promising candidates) was also launched around this time.Required to live on hospital grounds, these intrepid and typically unpaid souls were aptly dubbed "residents."Although much of their time was spent caring for patients, resident physicians also languished in laboratory and custodial work.The process could take many years, advancement was arbitrary, and attrition was high.Some physicians eschewed this pathway and sought specialty training abroad; others proclaimed themselves specialists after brief, unregulated study.The quality of postgraduate education varied widely.The lack of standardization was addressed in the 1930s with the establishment of many specialty boards.By the 1950s, residents exceeded medical students in number and specialist physicians exceeded generalists.A match plan (similar to today's) was established in 1951.Further refinements included salaries for residents and relaxation of rules pertaining to personal life.The 1970s saw merging of internship and residency as well as proliferation of subspecialty and fellowship training.Electronic application was recently introduced.How will the residency selection process continue to evolve?jms060601f1scan
Buruli ulcer.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

3DCAL JOUL more sourly since he ended his song.By the late 1950s its lower reaches had become so lifeless as to differ from the moon (the subject of a neighbouring exhibit) only in being wetter.But in the last ten years the measures taken to control its pollution have had their effect.Fish have reappeared, and a few of those that did not get away-probably owing to their small size-were shown for all to see.If not altogether "sweet," that noble river does at least show signs of life again. Oral Contraceptives and HypertensionHow many women will become hypertensive when given oral contraceptives is not known, nor are the mechanisms by which the blood pressure is raised fully understood.In 1967 J. W. Woods' reported that in six women patients with hypertension the blood pressure rose further when they were given oral contraceptives which contained a high dose (greater than 0 05 mg.) of oestrogen with a progestogen.J. H. Laragh and his colleagues2 enlarged on these findings.They studied 11 women with hypertension, all taking oral contraceptives with high oestrogen content.Five were known to have been hypertensive before contraceptive therapy was given, the other six were known to have had a normal blood pressure.When the agent was withdrawn from eight patients, the blood pressure fell to normal levels and remained normal in three; in another three it was markedly lower.Two women whose pressure had returned to normal were given the contraceptive agent for a second time, and the blood pressure rose again.A recent report by M. H. Weinberger and his colleagues from Palo Alto3 shows essentially the same.They investigated 16 hypertensive patients who were taking combined oral contraceptives.Some of these agents contained what is now thought to be a small dose of oestrogen (0-05 mg. or less).Eleven women were known to have had a normal blood pressure before contraceptive treatment was started.The increase in blood pressure was noted between 3 and 36 months after the first prescription of the combination.Five patients became normotensive when the contraceptive was withdrawn, and six had a significant reduction in pressure between two and six months later.In an attempt to find how many women will become hypertensive when given oral contraceptives, J. E. A. Tyson4 investigated 45 given oestrogen-progestogen preparations and found that seven (15.5%) had a significant rise in blood pressure, mostly after the second cycle of drug usage.Treat- ment was stopped one or two months after the pressure rose, and in all cases the blood pressure returned to normal within 30 days.These findings have been contested.R. C. Goodlin and V. Waechter5 measured the blood pressure in 120 patients given eight brands of oral contraceptives and matched these patients for age with 100 control subjects.They were unable
Gasoline ingestion
Authors: W. K. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Schade and Eaton (241:2064, 1979) on the differential diagnosis and therapy for the hyperketonemic state<sup>1</sup>may have the unintended effect of lulling the reader into ignoring perhaps less common but equally serious and lethal causes of hyperketonemia and ketonuria. Isopropyl alcohol intoxication is associated with hyperketonemia and ketonuria<sup>1</sup>without glycosuria or acidosis. The experience of Ashkar and Miller<sup>2</sup>and Vermeulen<sup>3</sup>warns us that unraveling the cause of hyperketonemia in a diabetic alcoholic with access to isopropyl alcohol can be confusing and difficult. Also, mildly elevated serum ketone levels were reported in a case of cyanide poisoning.<sup>4</sup> The isopropyl alcohol intoxication would probably represent a fifth category of hyperketonemic causes. It is purely exogenous. The hyperketonemia of cyanide poisoning is neither well established nor clear in etiology, but may relate to severe lactic acidosis and stress.
Thrombolysis for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Samuel Z Goldhaber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The primary therapy for acute pulmonary embolism is anticoagulation with heparin and warfarin to prevent additional thromboembolism. Traditional teaching relegates the use of thrombolysis to the rare situation in which massive pulmonary embolism causes cardiogenic shock. Thrombolytic agents such as alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) act on plasminogen by cleaving the peptide bond between arginine at position 560 and valine at position 561, thereby converting plasminogen to plasmin, which dissolves the embolus. Should we expand the indications for thrombolysis to encompass pulmonary embolism in patients with right ventricular dysfunction, even in the presence of normal systemic arterial pressure (see Figure)? . . .