tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase II trial of iniparib (BSI-201) in combination with gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.
Authors: M. J. Birrer, P. Konstantinopoulos, R. T. Penson, M. Roche, A. Ambrosio, T. E. Stallings, U. Matulonis, C. R. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

5005 Background: Recurrent ovarian cancer following treatment of advanced disease with platinum-based therapy, such as GC, is associated with poor prognosis and 5-year survival. Addition of iniparib (BSI-201), an anticancer agent with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitory activity, to GC potentiates the activity of GC alone, with low incremental toxicities, in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. (O’Shaughnessy et al. NEJM 2011). This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iniparib in combination with GC in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: This multicenter, single-arm phase 2 study used a Simon two-stage design (Stage I n=25; total N=48). Eligible patients were ≥18 years with a histological diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, fallopian tube cancer, or primary peritoneal carcinoma and had platinum-resistant disease, defined as relapse 2 to 6 months following primary treatment termination. Carboplatin (AUC 4; IV; days 1), gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2; IV; days 1 and 8), and iniparib (5.6 mg/kg; IV; days 1, 4, 8, and 11) were given on a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.0); secondary endpoints were safety and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Analysis from the first 19 patients demonstrated an ORR of 31.6%, consisting of 6 confirmed responses. Early analysis showed a median PFS of 5.9 months (95% CI, 3.0-NE). Safety profiles were consistent with those observed in previous clinical studies of iniparib + GC. Conclusions: Iniparib + GC demonstrated activity in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer, with promising evidence of response (ORR=31.6%) and substantial increase in median PFS (5.9 months) compared with a previous study of pegylated lioposomal doxorubicin in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (ORR=11.7%; median PFS=3.1 months; Mutch et al. JCO 2007). No unexpected toxicities have been reported. Data from all enrolled and dosed patients who have received at least one post-dose scan will be presented. (Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT01033292).
Burkitt's lymphoma in an arid part of Texas
Authors: J. J. Twomey
Journal: JAMA (1966)

BURKITT, in 1958, drew attention to the high incidence of an unusual type of lymphoma in Uganda.<sup>1</sup>It occurs largely in children and involves the retroperitoneal space, facial bones, and ovaries in females.<sup>2</sup>The peripheral lymph nodes are usually spared. These lymphomas are uniformly immature lymphoreticular tumors with prominent histiocytic phagocytosis giving a characteristic microscopic "starry sky" appearance.<sup>3</sup>This histiocytic phagocytosis is not restricted to the Burkitt type of lymphoma,<sup>4</sup>which is best recognized by its anatomical distribution. The epidemiology of Burkitt's tumor in Africa<sup>5,6</sup>suggests that its incidence is influenced by environmental factors. These include a warm climate throughout the year<sup>5</sup>and a heavy annual rainfall.<sup>6</sup>Cases have been observed only occasionally at altitudes higher than 5,000 feet.<sup>6,7</sup>This may be related to lower prevailing temperatures at higher altitudes. Its geographical distribution has been suggested as evidence that the tumor may be
Current Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Women of Reproductive Age — 14 Countries, 2008-2010
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Tobacco use and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in reproductive-aged women can cause adverse reproductive health outcomes, such as pregnancy complications, fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, stillbirths, and infant death. Data on tobacco use and SHS exposure among reproductive-aged women in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. To examine current tobacco use and SHS exposure in women aged 15-49 years, data were analyzed from the 2008-2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) from 14 low- and middle-income countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam. The results of this analysis indicated that, among reproductive-aged women, current tobacco smoking ranged from 0.4% in Egypt to 30.8% in Russia, current smokeless tobacco use was <1% in most countries, but common in Bangladesh (20.1%) and India (14.9%), and SHS exposure at home was common in all countries, ranging from 17.8% in Mexico to 72.3% in Vietnam. High tobacco smoking prevalence in some countries suggests that strategies promoting cessation should be a priority, whereas low prevalence in other countries suggests that strategies should focus on preventing smoking initiation. Promoting cessation and preventing initiation among both men and women would help to reduce the exposure of reproductive-aged women to SHS.
European Perspectives
Journal: Circulation (2009)

medical student and a PhD research fellow, his PhD research has been recognised twice, and he is a member of the Danish Heart Association panel of experts working on a guideline for national recommendations on the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with heart disease.In 2008, he won the population science category in the European Society of Cardiology Young Investigator Awards, and in 2009, he won an award from the Danish National Society of Rheumatology.In his dissertation, which is the basis for his most significant article so far, 1 he shows that healthy people who take selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or diclofenac have an increased risk of death and myocardial infarction.He says, "All previous studies are in different patient settings or as part of clinical trials but we've performed a large observational study in healthy people showing similar results to those of other studies."He adds, "Most of these drugs are used in the general population for minor complaints, and that is where the focus should be."Fosbøl was invited to join the Danish Heart Association panel of experts working on a guideline for national recommendations on the use of NSAIDs in patients with heart disease by Gunnar H. Gislason, MD, the head of the panel, whose own research inspired Fosbøl's PhD dissertation.Fosbøl says, "He and I are 2 of the most published authors in Denmark on the subject of NSAIDs, so it was natural for us to sit as experts on this panel.It's been extremely satisfying to know that I can contribute with something, and not just sit and listen to the professors talk about research."Dr Gislason published an article in Circulation in 2006. 2 The article was ranked the second most significant work in the United States that year by the American Heart Association.He found that selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in all dosages and nonselective NSAIDs in high dosages increased the risk of death and myocardial On other pages...
Missed Opportunities for Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination of Medicare Pneumonia Inpatients—12 Western States, 1995
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Invasive pneumococcal infection (i.e., bacteremia and meningitis) and influenza are important causes of morbidity and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries aged > or = 65 years. In the United States, the estimated annual incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia among persons aged > or = 65 years is 50-83 cases per 100,000 persons, and such infections are associated with a high case-fatality rate. Older persons account for >90% of influenza-related deaths, and Medicare costs for influenza-related hospitalizations can reach $1 billion each year. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that persons aged > or = 65 years receive at least one lifetime dose of pneumococcal vaccine and annual influenza vaccination and that hospitalization should be used as an opportunity to vaccinate. This report describes an assessment of the vaccination coverage of Medicare pneumonia patients who were admitted to hospitals in 12 western states from October 1994 through September 1995 (fiscal year 1995); the findings of this assessment indicate that the opportunity to provide pneumococcal vaccine was missed for up to 80% of those hospitalized at any time during the year, and the opportunity to provide influenza vaccine was missed for 65% of those who were admitted during October-December 1994.
Chemotherapy-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Lucy Rasmussen, Ann Arvin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Chemotherapeutic agents are used widely in clinical medicine for the treatment of conditions where diminution of the host immune response is a goal. The clinical use of immunosuppression is indicated for immunologically mediated disease, lymphoproliferative diseases, and prevention of graft rejection. Five categories of agents are useful for these purposes; they are ionizing irradiation, corticosteroids, biological alkylating agents, antilymphocyte sera and antimetabolites. While the specific molecular action of many of these drugs is known, how they affect cellular events in immune responses is less clear. One of the unfortunate sequelae of chemotherapy induced immunosuppression is an increased susceptibility of the host to opportunistic pathogens or malignancies. Specific methods are described for monitoring the various parameters of both humoral and cellular immunity. Studies of immunologic function in lymphoma patients and cardiac transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs have shown specific defects in cell mediated immunity to herpes viruses which may relate to their increased susceptibility to infection by these agents.
Education, Occupation, and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Carl I. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Stern and colleagues<sup>1</sup>propose that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the incidence of AD. However, because the authors fail to consider seriously the effects of poverty on exacerbating or complicating the course of AD, I believe that their conclusion may be premature. In their study, the low education/low occupation group had the highest rate of dementia. This group had an incidence of dementia of 24.9% during the follow-up period (roughly two thirds of this group were seen between 1 and 2.9 years after baseline). For a sample with a mean age of 75 years, this incidence rate is strikingly high.<sup>2</sup>Because low education/low occupation is likely associated with low income, it seems warranted to hypothesize that lifestyle, physical illness, health care, and environmental factors associated with poverty may contribute to diminishing the cerebral reserve of persons with AD. Thus, those who are
Polyneuropathy following vincristine therapy in two patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome
Authors: C. M. Hogan-Dann
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The neurotoxicity of vincristine sulfate, a commonly used antineoplastic agent, has been well described. A literature review failed to reveal any absolute contraindications to the initial use of vincristine. We describe two patients with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease in whom a rapidly progressive, but reversible, severe polyneuropathy developed when they were given a total of 4 mg of vincristine sulfate. Each was later shown to have the demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. This association suggests that the use of vincristine is contraindicated in patients with the demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2862-2863)
Legacies to Hospitals and Medical Colleges.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NIEHS Employees Honored by NIH Director and Public Health Service
Authors: Carl Barrett, Michelle Bennett, Heather Brownlee, Charles Cochran, Andrew Futreal, Astrid Haugen-Strano, Lori Terry, Roger Wiseman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

work in the detection of human reproductive toxicants and in assessing human reproductive risks associated with chemical exposures.Chapin has devised new meth
IODIZED MILK
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A SUGGESTION FOR SURGEONS AND OPERATORS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulatory Effect of Raloxifene and Estrogen on the Metabolic Action of Growth Hormone in Hypopituitary Women
Authors: Vita Birzniece, Udo Meinhardt, James Gibney, Gudmundur Johannsson, Robert C. Baxter, Markus J. Seibel, Ken K. Y. Ho
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

The metabolic action of GH is attenuated by estrogens administered via the oral route. Selective estrogen receptor modulators lower IGF-I to a lesser degree than 17β-estradiol in GH-deficient women, and their effect on fat and protein metabolism is unknown. The aim of the study was to compare the modulatory effects of 17β-estradiol and raloxifene on the metabolic action of GH. We conducted an open-label, two-group, randomized, two-period crossover study. Ten hypopituitary women received GH therapy alone (0.5 mg/d) and GH plus 17β-estradiol (E2; 2 mg/d). Eleven hypopituitary women received GH therapy alone and GH plus raloxifene (R; 60 mg/d). The treatment duration was 1 month, with a 4-wk washout period. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, resting energy expenditure, and fat oxidation were quantified by indirect calorimetry. We measured whole body leucine turnover from which leucine rate of appearance and leucine incorporation into protein were estimated. GH significantly stimulated all outcome measures. During GH treatment, addition of R significantly reduced mean IGF-I but not IGFBP-3, whereas E2 reduced both IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. Cotreatment with R but not E2 significantly attenuated the stimulatory effects of GH on fat oxidation. There was a strong trend (P = 0.08) toward a greater reduction in leucine incorporation into protein after R compared to E2 cotreatment. The modulatory effects of E2 and R at therapeutic doses on GH action are different. R during GH therapy exerts a greater inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation and protein anabolism compared to E2.
Reply
Authors: M B Hallett, J G Williams, L E Hughes
Journal: Gut (1990)

SIR, -I am sorry that Professor Jass's excellent papers were not referred to in my leading article.This was, however, intended as a presentation of hypotheses to act as stimuli for further studies rather than as a comprehensive review ofpublished work.As pointed out in the article a change in the 0 acetylation of mucin sialic acids is just one of many potential alterations in mucin structure that could have an effect on its interaction with bacteria.Others include alterations in sulphation, sialylation, length, and branching of oligosaccharide side chains and changes in the expression of carbohydrate receptors for bacterial adherence lectins.
Functional status in children with asthma
Authors: D. L. Nordstrom
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Weitzman et al<sup>1</sup>report that asthma prevalence has increased among children and that this increase resulted from greater recognition of less severe cases. We believe that the data presented do not support the latter conclusion. First, the measures of child health and functioning were asked of all children and were not specifically linked to asthma. It may be, as was acknowledged by the authors, that the parents' responses to these questions changed because of changes in the survey design or questionnaire wording between the 2 years. To control for these differences, the authors compared responses from four of the 55 questions about health conditions that were asked in 1981 and again in 1988. Because of the small sample size, however, there was inadequate power to detect a change in the measures of health and functioning among this subgroup of children. In fact, the 95% confidence intervals
Polymyositis associated with malignant histiocytosis
Authors: F. Perez-Jimenez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

SINCE Wagner's original description in 1863, dermatomyositis has been associated with different neoplastic conditions, including leukemias and lymphomas.<sup>1-4</sup>Thus far, we have been unable to find any other report of polymyositis associated with malignant histiocytosis (MH). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on April 23, 1979, because of fever and a rash. He had been treated with sulfonamides and chloramphenicol because of suspected typhoid fever. The workup was not diagnostic. The rash cleared, and the fever subsided. Serum enzyme levels are shown in the Table. A tentative diagnosis of hypersensitivity angiitis secondary to sulfonamide therapy and possible brucellosis was made, and the patient was discharged quite improved. Three months later the fever recurred, and severe pain in both calves appeared together with anorexia, weight loss, and low back pain. The patient was readmitted for further treatment. The liver and spleen were felt at
Editorial: Whose responsibility?
Journal: BMJ (1976)

12 years.There is clearly a need for a new and more emphatic approach to this health hazard.In general, the picture portrayed by the 1970 British Births Survey is one of continuing, steady progress with lowering mortality rates, but there is no doubt that much can still and must be done to improve the care ofpregnant women in Britain.We must strive to identify more precisely those pregnancies where there is an increased risk and ensure that special attention and skills are given to these mothers.Equally important is the need to explore every means of educating the mothers themselves so that every advantage is taken of facilities at present available.
The Normal Diet and Healthful Living.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

This book of 233 pages, written for the layman, sets forth in a very readable manner the latest in- formation on human nutrition.In it are presented most of the established facts in a language that can be understood by all.It can be recommended without hesitation to those who take a real interest in the subject and are willing to take the time and mental energy to study it carefully.
Carcinoma of the colon and stomach. A review with comment on epidemiologic associations
Authors: I. L. MacGregor
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CANCERS arising within the gastrointestinal tract are diseases of major proportion. It is estimated that in 1973 in the United States 97,300 people will die of cancer of the digestive organs; death from cancer of the colon and rectum (47,400 people) being second only to cancer of the lung (72,000 people).<sup>1</sup>Despite increased awareness of the early symptoms of colonic cancer, improvements in diagnosis, and advances in surgery the death rate for cancer of the colon has not changed appreciably during the last 40 years. During the same period, the death rate from pancreatic cancer has increased, esophageal cancer has remained much the same, and the incidence and death rate from gastric cancer has decreased sharply.<sup>1</sup> There are various recognized causes in the development of gastrointestinal malignancies. <h3>Carcinoma of the Colon</h3><h3>Hereditary Factors.—</h3> The importance of genetic factors is well-recognized in conditions such as familial polyposis and its