tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PMO-076 Assessment of the probiotic symprove in patients with IBS: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial
Authors: I Bjarnason, G Sisson, S Ayis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Treatment of patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is often difficult, empiric and not evidence based. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of IBS have suggested that intestinal bacterial dysbiosis may result in symptomatic IBS. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in new treatments centred on modifying the intestinal bacterial flora with antibiotics or administration of appropriately designed probiotics. Therapeutic efficacy of probiotics appears to be strain specific. Symprove is a liquid probiotic formulation containing four bacterial strains (<i>Lactobacillus casei</i>, acidophilus and plantarum as well as <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>) with a shell life in excess of 3 months. We assessed its efficacy in patients with IBS. <h3>Methods</h3> Material and Methods: This was a single centre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial involving treatment with Symprove (1 ml/kg body weight) vs placebo for 3 months. Patients were recruited from two large GP practices and from GP referrals to the Department of Gastroenterology at King9s College Hospital. All patients had failed conventional first and second line treatment by GP9s. An initial 391 patients were screened for the trial and 186 were eligible and consented to the trial (fulfilled ROME III criteria, exclusion of organic disease by extensive investigation including intestinal permeability, faecal calprotectin, endoscopy, wireless capsule endoscopy, colonoscopy and radiology when indicated). Using the Mersenne twister pseudo-random number generator 124 received the active treatment and 62 placebo. The main outcome measure was the reduction in IBS symptom severity scores (IBS-SSS) at 3 months. All patients were symptomatic with IBS-SSS &gt;150. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to demographic details (male/female ratio, mean age, duration of disease or previous treatment). There were no significant differences (p&gt;0.1) at pre treatment IBS-SSS scores between active (303±68, mean±SD) and placebo (306±80) (p=0.841) treated patients. During the last week of treatment (week 12) there was a statistically significant (p&lt;0.027) greater improvement in the mean IBS-SSS (230±109) in the Symprove treated patients as compared with placebo (270±103). The number of dropouts during the study did not differ significantly between the two groups and no severe adverse events were evident. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Three months treatment with the probiotic Symprove was associated with significantly greater reduction in symptom severity in patients with moderate to severe IBS as compared with placebo. <h3>Competing interests</h3> I Bjarnason grant/research support from: 3 year grant for MD student from the manufacturers of symprove, G Sisson grant/research support from: received 3 year salary from the manufactures of symprove, S Ayis: None declared.
Diabetic emergency.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

PointersAnticonvulsant Drugs and Calcium Metabo- lism: Investigation and treatment of osteomala- cia in epileptic patients on long-term anticonvulsants suggests an enzyme induced inactivation of vitamin D by the drugs (p.69); a survey in a residential centre for epileptics demonstrates a relationship between hypocal- caemia and high drug dosage (p.73).Leader at page 65.
Somatostatinoma
Authors: Roger H. Unger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

With the discovery of cells containing immunore-active somatostatin in the endocrine pancreas,1 and their subsequent identification as D cells,2 it became predictable that disorders of pancreatic D cell would ultimately surface. Indeed, an apparent increase in D cells within the islets of patients with juvenile-type diabetes has already been described,3 and pancreatic somatostatin is reportedly reduced in ob/ob mice.4 In this issue of the Journal, Ganda et al. describe a case of a somatostatin-containing tumor of the endocrine pancreas. Biopsy of a pancreatic mass discovered during a routine cholecystectomy suggested an islet-cell tumor, but subsequent work-up was not compatible . . .
Coccidioidal Pericarditis
Authors: ROGER LARSON, ROBERT E. SCHERB
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In endemic areas where coccidioidomycosis is encountered, pericarditis of an occult etiology warrants a careful search for coccidioidomycosis. A coccidioidin skin test is helpful. The established diagnosis, however, depends upon positive coccidioidal complement fixation and precipitin tests, or recovery of the organism from the sputum or the pericardial fluid.
Vector control: time for a planetary health approach
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2017)

What is the world's most dangerous animal? According to Bill Gates, in an infographic that was memorable if not wholly fair, it is the mosquito. If we follow the logic that guns (or micro-organisms) don't kill, humans (or mosquitoes) do, the number of casualties caused by mosquitoes equates to around 725 000 per year. Ranked next in the top five are human beings (475 000), snakes (50 000), dogs (25 000), tsetse flies (10 000), triatomine bugs (10 000), and freshwater snails (10 000). The vast majority of these "killers" are therefore vectors (or intermediate hosts), dispensing death by means of malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, rabies, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, and more.
Urinary excretion of bile acid glucosides and glucuronides in extrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: H Wietholtz
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Recently the formation of bile acid glucosides has been described as a novel conjugation mechanism in vitro and in vivo. In 10 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis caused by carcinoma of the head of the pancreas we investigated excretion rates and profiles of urinary bile acid glucosides. Urinary bile acid glucosides and, for comparison, bile acid glucuronides were extracted and characterized according to established methods. In controls total urinary bile acid glucoside excretion was 0.22 ± 0.03 μmol/24 hr (mean ± S.E.M.)–in the range of bile acid glucuronide excretion (0.41 ± 0.06 μmol/24 hr; mean ± S.E.M.). A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–characterized trihydroxy bile acid glucoside of stillunknown hydroxyl positions accounted for 65% of total urinary bile acid glucosides. In extrahepatic cholestasis total urinary bile acid glucoside excretion was 0.52 ± 0.13 μmol/24 hr (mean ± SEM), yet significantly lower than bile acid glucuronide excretion (1.53 ± 0.13 μmol/24 hr; mean ± SEM; p <a 0.001). In cholestasis the primary bile acid derivatives cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid glucosides amounted to 90%, whereas the trihydroxy bile acid glucoside had decreased to 5% of total bile acid glucoside excretion, indicating its alteration during enterohepatic circulation. The data establish the composition and quantity of urinary bile acid glucosides in healthy controls and cholestasis and constitute a quantitative comparison with another glycosidic conjugation reaction, bile acid glucuronidation. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:656–662.)
Medicine misses three targets
Journal: BMJ (2002)

been little research into how it should be provided.Through a series of focus groups Hanratty and colleagues (p 581) found that consultants and general practitioners supported the idea of non-specialist palliative care for heart failure.Current organisation of services, the unpredictable course of heart failure, and relations between different specialities were identified as the main barriers to adopting a palliative care approach.
Abstract P355: Predicting the 20-year Risk of First Coronary or Ischemic Stroke Event in Northern Italy: The CAMUNI Absolute Risk Equation
Authors: Giovanni Veronesi, Lloyd E Chambless, Francesco Gianfagna, Giuseppe Mancia, Giancarlo Cesana, Marco M Ferrario
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Aims. Recent US guidelines advocate the introduction of lifetime or long-term absolute risk prediction for primary prevention of cardiovascular events, especially for young people and women. Therefore, long-term prediction models might be specially beneficial in population considered at low incidence. We aim to develop a 20-year absolute risk prediction equation in a Northern Italy population. Methods. Four independent population-based cohorts were enrolled between 1986 and 1994 from the Brianza population (Northern Italy), adopting standardized MONICA procedures. The study sample comprises n=2574 men and 2673 women, aged 35 to 69 years and free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed-up for incidence of first coronary and ischemic stroke events (fatal and non-fatal; all MONICA validated) for a median time of 15 years (IQ range: 12-20) and up to the end of 2008. We compared several gender-specific Cox Proportional Hazards models: the basic one includes age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive treatment, cigarette smoking and diabetes. Candidates to model addition were diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, BMI, family history of CHD, and education. Model calibration was tested using the Grønnesby-Bogan goodness-of-fit statistic. The Area Under the ROC-Curve (AUC) was a measure of discrimination, corrected for over-optimism via bootstrapping. Changes in discrimination (Δ-AUC) and reclassification (Net Reclassification Improvement, NRI) defined the improvement from the basic model due to an additional risk factor. Intermediate risk was defined as 20-year risk between 10% and 40%. Results. We observed n=286 events in men (incidence rate 7.7 per 1000 person-years) and n=108 in women (2.6 per 1000 person-years). All risk factors included in the basic model were predictive of first cardiovascular event in both genders; discrimination was 0.725 and 0.802 in men and women, respectively. Average specificity in the top risk quintile (cut-off value: 23% in men and 8.5% in women) was similar in men and women (85% vs. 83%), while sensitivity was higher in women (63% vs. 46%). All the models were well-calibrated (p-values &gt;0.05). The addition of a positive family history of CHD in men (Hazard Ratio: 1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.1) and of diastolic blood pressure in women (HR: 1.4 for 11 mmHg increase; 1.1-1.8) significantly improved discrimination (Δ-AUC=0.01; 95%CI 0.002-0.02 [men] and Δ-AUC=0.005; 95%CI 0.0001-0.01 [women]) and reclassification of subjects at intermediate risk (NRI=8.4%;1.7%-19.1% [men]; and NRI=11.7%; -3.2%-33.5% [women]). Conclusions. Traditional risk factors are predictive of cardiovascular events after 20 years, with good discrimination. The addition of family history of CHD may contribute to model improvement, at least among men; the role of diastolic blood pressure in women should be carefully evaluated.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Some evidence suggests that therapeutic hypothermia for patients in cardiac arrest may be more eff ective if initiated during cardiopulmonary resuscitation rather than at a later stage of treatment.Nordberg and colleagues randomized 677 patients with bystanderwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and found that trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling did not result in a statistically signifi cant improvement in neurologically intact survival at 90 days.In an Editorial, Hirsch and Callaway discuss the diffi culty in demonstrating a benefi t of protective vs resuscitative hypothermia.
Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
Authors: Dennis W. Dickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Increasing evidence suggests that selective neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases involves activation of cysteine aspartyl proteases (caspases), which initiate and execute apoptosis. In Alzheimer disease both extracellular amyloid deposits and intracellular amyloid β protein may activate caspases, leading to cleavage of nuclear and cytoskeletal proteins, including tau protein. Proteolysis of tau may be critical to neurofibrillary degeneration, which correlates with dementia.
Beta-Blockers Improve Survival and Decrease Hospitalizations in Patients with Heart Failure
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients3 April 2001Beta-Blockers Improve Survival and Decrease Hospitalizations in Patients with Heart FailureSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart muscle cannot pump blood normally, leading to such symptoms as shortness of breath and fluid accumulation. Heart failure is a common and serious illness in the United States, particularly in older adults. Although many medicines improve symptoms and survival in heart failure, patients with this condition often do not do well, and better treatments are needed. β-Blockers are drugs that slow the heart rate, lower blood pressure, decrease the strength of heart muscle contraction, and prevent abnormal heart ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “β-Blockers in Congestive Heart Failure. A Bayesian Meta-Analysis.” It is in the 3 April 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 550-560). The authors are JM Brophy, L Joseph, and JL Rouleau.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee Alsoβ-Blockers in Congestive Heart Failure: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis James M. Brophy , Lawrence Joseph , and Jean L. Rouleau Metrics 3 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 7Page: I-94KeywordsDrugsElderlyHeartHeart failureHeart rateHospitalizationsLongitudinal studiesMortalityMyocardiumPatients ePublished: 3 April 2001 Issue Published: 3 April 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, September 1 to October 1, 1968
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, September 1 to October 1, 1968 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 41, Issue 5, November 1968, Pages 1255–1256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/41.5.1255 Published: 01 November 1968
THE NEW R.A.M.C. CONTRACT
Journal: BMJ (1919)

AIIMDI JoURC 59,Now is the time for the medical profession to assert itself.There will never be such another opportunity.If the present proposals take shape the profession will be bound for all time, and bound in every direction, and this can only result in the deterioration of the health of the nation.-Iam, etc., Huddersfield, June 29th.R.
Delisting of liver transplant candidates after improvement in alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis: a multicentric study on incidence and outcomes
Authors: Elisa Pose, Abiguei Torrents, Valeria Perez-Campuzano, Isabel Campos-Varela, Emma Avitabile, José Castellote Alonso, Lluis Castells, Jordi Colmenero, Jaume Tort, Pere Ginès, Gonzalo Crespo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Textbook of Diagnostic Roentgenology.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1938)

anatomy and histology, and the prognosis and treatment.They express the opinion that it is no longer accurate to base a fatal prognosis in miliary tuberculosis upon radiographic evidence alone.Recovery may be complete, with arrest, calcification, or even resolution of the lesions.It is recalled that in 1910 Adami and Nicholls wrote of chronic miliary tuberculosis as a condition familiar to pathologists, and they described its histology, yet it received little furth-er recognition until its diagnosis during life was facilitated by increasing use of radiography in diagnosis of diseases of the chest.The excellent illustrations deal with the pulmonary lesions only, but there is a general discussion of the pathological and clinical manifestations of the disease as it affects other organs and tissues.This is a valuable monograph.
The safety of aspartame
Authors: Lewis D. Stegink, Wilma L. Krause
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Pardridge<sup>1</sup>has criticized the review of aspartame safety issues published in<i>JAMA</i><sup>2</sup>and suggested that adverse effects may arise from the phenylalanine content of aspartame. We disagree with Dr Pardridge's contention that available data show a potential for adverse effects at normal levels of aspartame use. To support his thesis, Dr Pardridge claims that data of Levy and Waisbren<sup>3</sup>(correlating infant IQ with maternal plasma phenylalanine concentrations in hyperphenylalaninemia) show a 10.5-point drop in IQ of children per 250-μmol/L increment in maternal plasma phenylalanine concentration. Dr Pardridge claims that this effect is linear and applicable down to maternal plasma phenylalanine concentrations of 200 μmol/L or lower. Dr Pardridge ignores the fact that when data correlating IQ with normal blood phenylalanine concentrations (40 to 120 μmol/L) are added to the graph, the plot is clearly biphasic and shows a threshold effect. Indeed, Levy and
In Contemporary Patients with Polycythemia Vera, Rates of Thrombosis and Risk Factors Delineate a New Clinical Epidemiology
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Alessandra Carobbio, Elisa Rumi, Guido Finazzi, Heinz Gisslinger, Francesco Rodeghiero, Maria Luigia Randi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Bettina Gisslinger, Lisa Pieri, Irene Bertozzi, Ilaria Carola Casetti, Leonhard Müllauer, Animesh Pardanani, Jürgen Thiele, Francesco Passamonti, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Fetal Growth and Length of Gestation in Relation to Prenatal Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke Assessed by Hair Nicotine Concentration
Authors: Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Niina Jaakkola, Kolbjorn Zahlsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We assessed the effects of prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke on fetal growth and length of gestation. The study population consisted of 389 nonsmoking women who were selected from a population-based study in southeast Finland on the basis of questionnaire information after delivery (response rate 94%). The final exposure assessment was based on nicotine concentration of maternal hair sampled after the delivery, which measures exposure during the past 2 months (i.e., the third trimester). The exposure categories were defined a priori as high (nicotine concentration [Greater and equal to] 4.00 microg/g; n = 52), medium (0.75 to < 4.00 microg/g; n = 186), and low as the reference category (< 0.75 microg/g; n = 151). In logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding, the risk of preterm delivery (< 37 weeks) was higher in the high [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 6.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-28.7] and medium exposure categories (adjusted OR = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.30-5.58) compared with the reference category, and there was a 1.22 (95% CI, 1.07-1.39) increase in adjusted OR with a 1 microg/g increase in hair nicotine concentration. The corresponding adjusted OR was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96-1.17) for low birth weight and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.92-1.19) for small-for-gestational-age.
Transactions of the Twenty-Third Annual Session of the Medical Society of Virginia held at Alleghany Springs, Va., September 13,14, and 15, 1892.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Birth weight and perinatal mortality. A comparison of the United States and Norway
Authors: A. Wilcox
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare perinatal mortality in the United States and Norway, using a new analytic approach based on relative birth weight. <h3>Design.</h3> —Comparison of linked birth and perinatal death records for US and Norwegian births from 1986 through 1987, the most recently available 2-year period. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Norway and the United States. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 7445914 US births and 105084 Norwegian births. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —None. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Perinatal weight-specific mortality after adjustment for each country's own mean birth weight. <h3>Results.</h3> —The higher rate of perinatal death in the United States compared with Norway is due to an excess of preterm deliveries in the United States. Low-weight, preterm births comprise 2.9% of US births compared with 2.1% of Norwegian births. If the United States could eliminate this slight excess of preterm delivery, perinatal mortality in the United States would decrease to the level in Norway. Unexpectedly, the survival of newborns at any given birth weight is virtually the same in the United States and Norway when newborns' birth weights are considered relative to their own nation's mean weight. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Low rates of perinatal mortality in the Scandinavian countries have usually been attributed to the heavier weights of their newborns. Higher mortality among US infants is in fact due entirely to a small excess of preterm deliveries. The lighter weights of US newborns at term appear not to affect perinatal survival. Furthermore, the apparent survival advantage of low-weight US newborns (used by policymakers as evidence of superior US intensive neonatal care) may be at least partly an artifact. When weight-specific mortality rates are adjusted to relative birth weight, low-weight newborns have the same survival in Norway as in the United States. The prevention of excess mortality among US infants depends on the prevention of preterm births, not on changes in mean birth weight. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:709-711)