tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mammography. Current application
Authors: D. R. Peck
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE ULTIMATE responsibility for the diagnosis of breast cancer and the decision for surgical consultation rests on the primary physician, who should be well acquainted with both the advantages and the limitations of the various modalities for diagnosing breast disease. Mammography is an accurate and widely available procedure, but it is essential for the clinician to be able to communicate with the radiologist so that he can make an informed selection of patients to be referred for mammography. The goal of every mammographic interpretation is the confirmation or exclusion of the presence of a malignant lesion. The radiologist must indicate in his report the degree of certainty of his diagnosis. Undertaken as long ago as 1913 by Salomon, mammography is not a new procedure. Later, Warren, Hicken, Leborgne, and others worked extensively on breast radiography and duct injection. However, it was not until the late 1950s and early 1960s, when
Physicians' abilities to detect lumps in silicone breast models
Authors: S. W. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Little is known about how well physicians detect breast lumps in clinical breast examinations. We studied 80 general medicine, family medicine, general surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology physicians to determine their abilities to detect lumps in manufactured breast models. The mean number of lumps detected was 8.0 (44%), with a range of three (17%) to 15 (83%). Detection varied significantly by size (87% of 1.0-cm and 14% of 0.3-cm lumps) and hardness (56% of hard and 40% of soft lumps), but not depth; by specialty (from 50% for general internists to 40% for obstetricians), but not by level of training or experience; and by search duration (<i>r</i>=.59). On multiple regression analysis, only search duration was consistently associated with increased detection. Modest detection rates and wide variation suggest breast lump detection can be improved among physicians. Adequate search duration may be important for high detection rates. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2224-2228)
Consciousness
Authors: John R. Searle
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2000)

Until recently, most neuroscientists did not regard consciousness as a suitable topic for scientific investigation. This reluctance was based on certain philosophical mistakes, primarily the mistake of supposing that the subjectivity of consciousness made it beyond the reach of an objective science. Once we see that consciousness is a biological phenomenon like any other, then it can be investigated neurobiologically. Consciousness is entirely caused by neurobiological processes and is realized in brain structures. The essential trait of consciousness that we need to explain is unified qualitative subjectivity. Consciousness thus differs from other biological phenomena in that it has a subjective or first-person ontology, but this subjective ontology does not prevent us from having an epistemically objective science of consciousness. We need to overcome the philosophical tradition that treats the mental and the physical as two distinct metaphysical realms. Two common approaches to consciousness are those that adopt the building block model, according to which any conscious field is made of its various parts, and the unified field model, according to which we should try to explain the unified character of subjective states of consciousness. These two approaches are discussed and reasons are given for preferring the unified field theory to the building block model. Some relevant research on consciousness involves the subjects of blindsight, the split-brain experiments, binocular rivalry, and gestalt switching.
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: respiratory syncytial virus activity--United States, 1995-96 season
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AID WANTED FOR CONVALESCENT INSANE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutting the drug bill.
Authors: M Lubel, A K Sinha, S K Mukherjee, M Heath
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to study differences in incidence of malignant mesothelioma between the Nordic countries. <h3>Method</h3> We used data from the ongoing Nordic Occupational Cancer Study (NOCCA). Occupational title by 3-digit level was obtained from the countries’ population and housing censuses in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990. A job-exposure matrix (JEM) was developed, including 25 carcinogens with specific exposure levels for 283 occupations for years 1945 to 1994, using national exposure databases and expert assessments. All mesothelioma cases (ICD-7 158 for peritoneum and 162.2 for pleura) in the Nordic countries 1961–2005 were identified through linkages with national cancer registers. We calculated Standardised Incidence Ratios (SIR) of mesothelioma for 53 occupations/occupational categories for men and women and linked with the NOCCA JEM. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 7899 persons were diagnosed with mesothelioma in the Nordic cohort from 1961 to 2005, of which 24.3% were women. There was an increased significant SIR of mesothelioma among 15 of the 53 occupations/occupational categories for men, and for nine different occupations for women. The men’s excessed risk was observed in typical male-dominated occupations, highest for plumbers (SIR 4.64, 95% CI 4.09 to 5.24), with a total of 241 cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found great consistency among men between countries with occupations associated with asbestos exposure. For women, we found greater diversity between countries and risk assessment in occupations not associated with asbestos exposure. Unclear diagnosis of mesothelioma of the peritoneum and misclassification of occupation may be behind this.
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis —Arizona, Florida, and Texas, 2007
Journal: JAMA (2008)

figure omittedPRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (PAM) is a rare but nearly always fatal disease caused by infection with Naegleria fowleri, a thermophilic, free-living ameba found in freshwater environments. 1,2 Infection results from water containing N. fowleri entering the nose, followed by migration of the amebae to the brain via the olfactory nerve.In 2007, six cases of PAM in the United States were reported to CDC; all six patients died.This report summarizes the investigations of the cases, which occurred in three southern tier states (Arizona, Florida, and Texas) during June-September and presents preliminary results from a review of PAM cases during 1937-2007.Because deaths from PAM often prompt heightened concern about the disease among the public, an updated and consistent approach to N. fowleri risk reduction messages, diagnosis and treatment, case reporting, and environmental sampling is needed. Case Reports ArizonaAn adolescent boy aged 14 years was hospitalized September 16, 2007, with possible meningitis.His symptoms had begun September 14 with severe headache, stiff neck, and fever.N. fowleri was detectedincerebrospinalfluid(CSF).The youth died from PAM on September 17.He had been swimming in a northeastern Arizona lake on September 8 and was observeddivingandsplashinginshallowwater.The water temperature on September 8was86.3°F(30.2°C)andtheairtemperature was 108.0°F (42.2°C).
Correction of Misspelled Author Name
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Eva Velthorst, PhD; Abraham Reichenberg, PhD; Ori Kapra, BA; Shira Goldberg, MSc; Menachem Fromer, PhD; Eyal Fruchter, MD; Karen Ginat, MD; Lieuwe de Haan, MD, PhD; Michael Davidson, MD; Mark Weiser, MD
Behavioral Teratology of Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl and Monoethyl Ethers
Authors: B. K. Nelson, W. Stephen Brightwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

A recent addition to the field of teratology has been the inclusion of functional assessment techniques of offspring after prenatal exposure to exogenous agents. The present paper reviews the behavioral teratogenic effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME, 2-methoxyethanol) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE, 2-ethoxyethanol). Groups of 15 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via inhalation to 25 ppm EGME or to 100 ppm EGEE on gestation days 7 to 13 or 14 to 20. An equal number of sham-exposed controls were included for both periods of gestation. The only effect noted in the maternal animals was a slightly prolonged gestation in the group exposed to 100 ppm EGEE on days 14 to 20. Litters were culled to four female and four male pups on the day of birth. Pups of each sex from all litters were tested on a variety of behavioral tasks (including tests of neuromuscular ability, activity, and learning ability) extending from postnatal days 10 to 90. In addition, brains from newborn and from 21-day-old offspring were removed and analyzed for concentrations of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Both the behavioral testing and the neurochemical evaluations revealed functional alterations in the litter groups experiencing prenatal exposure to EGME and EGEE at concentrations which produced no observable effects in the maternal animals.
Clinical Drug Resistance Linked to Inter-Convertible Phenotypic and Functional States of Tumor-Propagating Cells in Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Aristeidis Chaidos, Chris P Barnes, Gillian Cowan, Philippa May, Valeria Melo, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Maria Papaioannou, Heather Harrington, Helen Doolittle, Evangelos Terpos, Meletios A Dimopoulos, Saad Abdalla, Helen Yarranton, Kikkeri Naresh, Letizia Foroni, Alistair Reid, Amin Rahemtulla, Michael Stumpf, Irene Roberts, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2012)
NIGHT CALL, VALID EMERGENCY OR NUISANCE?
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanisms for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation by Ligninolytic Fungi
Authors: Kenneth E. Hammel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Ligninolytic fungi accomplish the partial degradation of numerous aromatic organopollutants.Their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocar- bons (PAHs) is particularly interesting because eukaryotes were previously considered to be unable to cleave fused-ring aromatics.Recent results indicate that extracellular peroxidases of these fungi are responsible for the intitial oxidation of PAHs.Fungal lignin peroxidases oxidize certain PAHs directly, whereas fungal manganese peroxidases co-oxidize them indirectly during enzyme-mediated lipid peroxidation.-
Proc Soc Exper Biology &amp;amp; Medicine, New York
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Initiation of Autoimmunity by a Reactive Metabolite of a Lupus-Inducing Drug in the Thymus
Authors: Robert L. Rubin, Anke Kretz-Rommel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Drug-induced lupus is a side effect of deliberate ingestion of various medications, but its etiology, underlying mechanisms, and pathogenesis are puzzling.In vivo metabolic transformation of lupus- inducing drugs to reactive products explains how a heterogeneous set of drugs can mediate the same disease syndrome.Evidence has accumulated that drugs are transformed by extracellular oxidation from reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase produced when neutrophils are activated, maximizing the in situ accumulation of reactive drug metabolites within lymphoid compartments.The metabolite of procainamide, procainamide hydroxylamine, displays diverse biologic properties, but no apparent autoimmune effect has been observed.However, when procainamide hydroxylamine was introduced into the thymus of young adult normal mice, a delayed but robust autoimmune response developed.Disruption of central T-cell tolerance by intrathymic procainamide hydroxylamine resulted in the production of chromatin-reactive T cells that apparently drove the autoantibody response in the periphery.Drug-induced autoantibodies in this mouse model were remarkably similar to those in patients with procainamide-induced lupus.Therefore, this system has considerable promise to provide insight into the initiating events in drug-induced lupus and may provide a paradigm for how other xenobiotics might induce systemic autoimmunity.
Mystic Statistic
Authors: Stanley S. Schor
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ammonium and glucose metabolism in liver failure
Authors: H. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There is a close relationship between ammonium and glucose metabolism in liver disease and failure, particularly in cirrhosis after acquired or surgical portasystemic venous shunting. (The term "blood ammonium" is used in referring to ammonia in blood because in excess of 99% of ammonia in the blood is present as ammonium ions.) Many well-documented reports both of elevated blood ammonium levels and of abnormal glucose tolerance curves in advanced cirrhosis<sup>1,2</sup>support this statement. The relationship is a very logical one chemically for both the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle for carbohydrate metabolism and the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle for ammonia utilization function in part through use of common intermediates such as oxaloacetate and aspartate (Fig 1). The figure also indicates the three principal known routes for nitrogen fixation into amino acids, purines, nucleic acids, etc, through interrelationship of the two cycles by means of (1) glutamic acid, (2) glutamine, and (3)
Truth telling in clinical practice
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2011)

The English novelist George Eliot wrote "falsehood is so easy, truth so difficult". Truth-telling can be very challenging in clinical practice, especially when it relates to adverse outcomes. In The Lancet today, Ranjana Srivastava gives a moving account of her professional relationship with a young mother with terminal cancer. Srivastava laments the brave young woman's endurance of multiple rounds of chemotherapy that, clinically, were doomed to failure, yet that she and her family believed would eventually lead to a cure.
Physicians infected with HIV
Authors: M. M. Lederman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with dismay the statement regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected physicians issued by the American Medical Association (AMA) on January 17,1991, and reported in the<i>New York Times</i>on January 18, 1991 (p A17). This statement recommends that HIV-infected physicians abstain from performing invasive procedures that pose "an identifiable risk of transmission" or inform their patients of their infection. The AMA also advises physicians who are "at risk of acquiring HIV infection" and who perform "invasive procedures" to be tested for HIV infection. We agree that the safety of patients is paramount when there is a known risk. We believe, however, that the AMA's recommendations are unwarranted, imprecise, and not in the public interest. First, the risk of HIV transmission from an infected physician to a patient is not identifiable. A serosurvey of patients of an HIV-infected surgeon failed to identify a single HIV-infected patient without
The Right to Decide
Authors: Sarah Friebert, Eric Kodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools THE ART OF ONCOLOGY: WHEN THE TUMOR IS NOT THE TARGET Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.20.19.4115 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12351609 The Right to Decide Sarah FriebertxSarah FriebertSearch for articles by this author , Eric KodishxEric KodishSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Children’s Hospital Medical Center of Akron and the Rainbow Center for Pediatric Ethics at Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital of University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.20.19.4115 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology