The Crisis in Correctional Health Care: The Impact of the National Drug Control Strategy on Correctional Health Services
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Position Paper1 July 1992The Crisis in Correctional Health Care: The Impact of the National Drug Control Strategy on Correctional Health ServicesAmerican College of Physicians, National Commission on Correctional Health Care, American Correctional Health Services AssociationAmerican College of PhysiciansSearch for more papers by this author, National Commission on Correctional Health CareSearch for more papers by this author, American Correctional Health Services AssociationSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-1-71 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe United States now incarcerates a greater percentage of its population than any other country: For every 100 000 persons, 426 are confined in prisons and jails (2). Most inmates are male, young, poor, and from minority groups. Most are substance abusers with substantial physical and mental health needs.In the past decade, prison and jail populations doubled (3, 4), outpacing all attempts to increase the correctional system's ability to house and care for these inmates. From 1979 to 1988, direct governmental expenditures on corrections increased 216% (5). Despite this increase, at the end of 1990, prisons nationwide were estimated...References1. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976). Google Scholar2. Mauer M. Americans Behind Bars: A Comparison of International Rates of Incarceration. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project; 1991. Google Scholar3. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Prisoners in 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar4. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Jail Inmates, 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar5. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar6. AustinMcVey JA. The 1989 NCCD Prison Population Forecast: The Impact of the War on Drugs. San Francisco, California: The National Council on Crime and Delinquency; 1989. Google Scholar7. . National Drug Control Strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991. Google Scholar8. Anno B. The cost of correctional health care: results of a national survey. Journal of Prison and Jail Health. 1991;2:105-34. Google Scholar9. . Medical Care in the Federal Prisons: Hearing, 17 July 1991. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; [In press]. Google Scholar10. Anno B. Prison Health Care: Guidelines for the Management of an Adequate Delivery System. Washington, DC; U.S. Department of Justice; 1992. Google Scholar11. Children in Custody 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar12. CampCamp GC. The Corrections Yearbook. South Salem, New York: Criminal Justice Institute; 1990. Google Scholar13. . Women in Prison. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar14. . Profile of Jail Inmates, 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar15. . Drugs and Jail Inmates, 1989. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice; 1991. Google Scholar16. . Responding to the Problem of Drug Abuse: Strategies for the Criminal Justice System. The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Criminal Justice Section. Washington, DC; 1992. Google Scholar17. MoiniHammett ST. 1989 Update: AIDS in Correctional Facilities. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice; 1990. Google Scholar18. . HIV Disease in Correctional Institutions. Washington, D.C.; 1991. Google Scholar19. Hellinger F. Forecasting the medical care costs of the HIV epidemic: 1991-1994. Inquiry. 1991;28:213-25. MedlineGoogle Scholar20. BarnesBlochDavidsonSnider PAPD. Tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1644-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. BraunTrumanMaguireDiFernandoWormserBroaddus MBBGGR. Increasing incidence of tuberculosis in a prison inmate population. Association with HIV infection. JAMA. 1989;261:393-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. . Prevention and control of tuberculosis in correctional institutions. MMWR. 1989;38:18. Google Scholar23. Mandatory Testing for TB in Prisons Begins with Guards. The New York Times. 1991 19 Nov; Sect B (column 3). Google Scholar24. . Mentally Ill Inmates: Better Data Would Help Determine Protection and Advocacy Needs. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office; 1991. GAO/GGD-91-35. Google Scholar25. . Mentally Ill Inmates: BOP Plans to Improve Screening and Care in Federal Prisons and Jails. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office; 1991. GAO/GGD-92-13. Google Scholar26. HayesRowan LJ. National Study of Jail Suicides: Seven Years Later. Alexandria, Virginia: National Center on Institutions and Alternatives; 1988. Google Scholar27. McCarthy B. Mentally ill and mentally retarded offenders. In: Source Book on the Mentally Disordered Prisoner. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections; 1985. Google Scholar28. Santamour M. The Mentally Retarded Offender and Corrections. Laurel, Maryland: American Correctional Association; 1989. Google Scholar29. Drug Treatment: State Prisons Face Challenges in Providing Services. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office; 1991. GAO/HRD-91-128. Google Scholar30. Drug Treatment: Despite New Strategy, Few Federal Inmates Receive Treatment. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office; 1991. GAO/HRD-91-116. Google Scholar31. LazenbyLetsch HS. National health expenditures, 1989. Health Care Financ Rev. 1990;12:1-26. MedlineGoogle Scholar32. Newman v. State of Alabama, 503 F2d 1320 (1974). Google Scholar33. Williams v. Edwards, 547 F2d 1206 (1977). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *This paper, authored by Janet Weiner, MPH, and B. Jaye Anno, PhD, was developed by the American College of Physicians' Human Rights and Medical Practice Subcommittee for the Health and Public Policy Committee. Members of the Human Rights Subcommittee for the 1991-92 year are: Quentin D. Young, MD, Chair; Carola Eisenberg, MD; William G. B. Graham, MD; Herbert Rothenberg, MD; Kim Thorburn, MD; and Abraham Verghese, MD. The American Correctional Health Services Association's Board of Directors approved it in February 1992, the American College of Physicians' Board of Regents approved it on 24 March 1992, and the National Commission on Correctional Health Care's Board of Directors approved it on 30 March 1992. 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