tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MEDICAL FALLACIES.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Twelve-Month Efficacy and Safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg Ranibizumab in Patients with Subfoveal Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Brandon G. Busbee, Allen C. Ho, David M. Brown, Jeffrey S. Heier, Ivan J. Suñer, Zhengrong Li, Roman G. Rubio, Phillip Lai
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)

To evaluate the 12-month efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg administered monthly and on an as-needed (PRN) basis in treatment-naïve patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD).A 24-month, phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, dose-response study.Patients aged ≥ 50 years with subfoveal wet AMD.Patients (n = 1098) were randomized to receive ranibizumab 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg intravitreal injections administered monthly or on a PRN basis after 3 monthly loading doses.The primary efficacy end point was the mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at month 12. Key secondary end points included the mean number of ranibizumab injections, the mean change from baseline in central foveal thickness (CFT) over time, and the proportion of patients who gained ≥ 15 letters of BCVA. Unless otherwise specified, end point analyses were performed using the last-observation-carried-forward method to impute missing data.At month 12, the mean change from baseline in BCVA for the 4 groups was +10.1 letters (0.5 mg monthly), +8.2 letters (0.5 mg PRN), +9.2 letters (2.0 mg monthly), and +8.6 letters (2.0 mg PRN). The proportion of patients who gained ≥ 15 letters from baseline at month 12 in the 4 groups was 34.5%, 30.2%, 36.1%, and 33.0%, respectively. The mean change from baseline in CFT at month 12 in the 4 groups was -172.0 μm, -161.2 μm, -163.3 μm, and -172.4 μm, respectively. The mean number of injections was 7.7 and 6.9 for the 0.5-mg PRN and 2.0-mg PRN groups, respectively. Ocular and systemic safety profiles were consistent with previous ranibizumab trials in AMD and comparable between groups.At month 12, the ranibizumab 2.0 mg monthly group did not meet the prespecified superiority comparison and the ranibizumab 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg PRN groups did not meet the prespecified noninferiority (NI) comparison. However, all treatment groups demonstrated clinically meaningful visual improvement (+8.2 to +10.1 letters) and improved anatomic outcomes, with the PRN groups requiring approximately 4 fewer injections (6.9-7.7) than the monthly groups (11.2-11.3). No new safety events were observed despite a 4-fold dose escalation in the study. The pHase III, double-masked, multicenter, randomized, Active treatment-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg Ranibizumab administered monthly or on an as-needed Basis (PRN) in patients with subfoveal neOvasculaR age-related macular degeneration (HARBOR) study confirmed that ranibizumab 0.5 mg dosed monthly provides optimum results in patients with wet AMD.Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Olaparib (O) in patients (pts) with prostate cancer with BRCA1/2 inactivating mutations: Results from the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry (TAPUR) study.
Authors: Evan P. Pisick, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Susan Halabi, Pam K. Mangat, Eddy Shih-Hsin Yang, Elie G. Dib, Earle Frederick Burgess, Michael Howard Zakem, Nitin Rohatgi, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Sasha L. Warren, Sarah T. Anderson, Andrew Lawrence Rygiel, Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5567 Background: TAPUR is a phase II basket study evaluating anti-tumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in pts with advanced cancers with genomic alterations. Advanced prostate cancer (PC) pts with germline or somatic BRCA1/2 inactivating mutations treated with O are reported. Methods: Eligible pts had advanced PC, no remaining standard treatment (tx) options, measurable disease, ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0-2, and adequate organ function. Tumor genomic testing was performed in CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited site selected labs. Pts received O tablets or capsules dosed at 300 mg (n=24) or 400 mg (n=5), respectively, orally twice daily until disease progression. Simon 2-stage design tested the null disease control (DC) (objective response (OR) or stable disease at 16+ weeks (wks) (SD16+) according to RECIST) rate of 15% vs. 35% (power = 0.85; α = 0.10). If ≥2 of 10 pts in stage 1 have DC, 18 more pts are enrolled. If ≥7 of 28 pts have DC, the tx is worthy of further study. Pts had radiographic evaluations at 8 and 16 wks and then every 12 wks. Secondary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: 29 pts with BRCA1/2 inactivating mutations were enrolled from Aug 2016 to Jul 2019; 4 were identified as ineligible after enrollment due to bone only disease and removed from analyses. Demographics and investigator-reported outcomes are summarized in the Table. Nine pts with OR and 8 with SD16+ were observed for DC and OR rates of 68% (90% CI: 53% - 77%) and 36% (95% CI: 18% - 57%), respectively. Six pts had at least one grade 3 AE or SAE at least possibly related to O including anemia, aspiration, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, fatigue, and neutropenia. Conclusions: Monotherapy with O showed anti-tumor activity in heavily pre-treated PC pts with germline (1/2 pts with OR or SD16+) or somatic (16/23 pts with OR or SD16+) BRCA1/2 inactivating mutations. These findings extend results from recent trials of O in advanced prostate cancer pts with germline only BRCA1/2 mutations. Clinical trial information: NCT02693535 . [Table: see text]
CORRECTION
Authors: J De Jongste, K-H Carlsen
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Ultrastructural examination of bronchial specimens from children with moderate asthmaWe have read the paper by Çokug ˘ras ¸and colleagues on bronchial biopsies in asthmatic children with great concern. 1 These authors performed a study in asthmatic children in which prophylactic medication was discontinued for 1 month before a bronchoscopic examination which was performed solely as a research procedure.The Royal College of Paediatricians and Child Health states that "High risk procedures such as lung or liver biopsy, arterial puncture, and cardiac catheterization are not justified for research purposes alone.They should be carried out only when research is combined with diagnosis or treatment intended to benefit the child concerned". 2 Other authorities state that "Non-therapeutic research is particularly difficult to defend in moral terms when undertaken on children". 3 The risks of rigid bronchoscopy are surely no less than an arterial puncture, and discontinuing presumably necessary medication could only increase those risks.How can such a study possibly be justified by the authors or their ethics committee, and how can the Editors of a reputable journal possibly justify the publication of such a study?That the science is valuable is unquestionable, even though the use of more sophisticated pathological techniques would have enhanced it; but the scientific value by no means justifies the disregard of ethical principles.A journal such as Thorax should know better, particularly in the light of the scholarly and ethical review in the very same issue.
Autonomic neuropathy complicating rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Whether associated with peripheral neuropathy, as is usually the case, or not, autonomic neuropathy, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, does not burden the mind with a cumbersome differential diagnosis. In fact, the diagnostic exercise halts after an instant evocation of diabetes. So much has been written recently about diabetic autonomic neuropathy and its effects on the heart and circulation that one tends to overlook other etiologic links. One such link is with rheumatoid arthritis. Its existence, suspected by Kalliomäki et al<sup>1</sup>(1963) and Bennett and Scott<sup>2</sup>(1965) on the basis of deficient sweating responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral neuropathy, has been recently confirmed by Edmonds et al.<sup>3</sup>These investigators demonstrated autonomic neuropathy by assessing the integrity of cardiovascular reflexes in 68 subjects who were divided into four groups: patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis both seropositive and seronegative, patients with osteoarthritis, an older control
Hospital Surveys
Authors: Roy W. Menninger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing in response to the recent article by Leonard B. Berman, MD, comparing "Ritual and Reason" (1982;247:2278) as these two concepts might pertain to surveys of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. Dr Berman shares a perspective that the JCAH surveys create a meaningless exercise of an inconsequential nature for hospitals. There are other physicians who no doubt share this perspective, and who feel quite comfortable devaluing the survey process. The Menninger Foundation operates two closed-staff psychiatric hospitals, and our physicians play a major role in the direction and operation of the facilities. While we do not necessarily support many of the JCAH standards, we have come to realize that these standards delineate many aspects of our practice of medicine and our work with patients. The development of actual standards is somewhat political in nature and we have always felt the importance of working
Fibromyalgia
Authors: R. M. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Muscular rheumatism is a common experience, often seemingly related to unaccustomed exertion or injury. In most instances, the problem resolves in response to tincture of time and the judicious use of heat and analgesics. Despite the frequency of rheumatic pain, its precise pathophysiological basis is unknown. Since it is generally accepted that nonarticular musculoskeletal pain arises from tendons, bursae, and muscles, it would logically follow that a specific diagnosis would aid in subsequent treatment. Yet, it is not uncommon to see patients who have been symptomatic for years without their condition being correctly diagnosed. It is evident the basic ground rules for diagnosing this group of disorders are often poorly understood, and presumably poorly taught and underemphasized in medical education. In this issue ofThe Journal, Dr Goldenberg<sup>1</sup>provides a timely review of the fibromyalgia syndrome. The term<i>fibromyalgia</i>has evolved from another with the same meaning, namely,<i>fibrositis</i>
Radiologic imaging of human diseases in exotic animals
Authors: A. E. James
Journal: JAMA (1976)

MANY DISEASES seen in humans also occur in animals. Their diagnosis often proves more difficult, especially in the exotic species. Pathologic abnormalities may therefore remain unchanged for long periods of time, allowing the radiologic manifestations to be more pronounced in these animals.<sup>1-3</sup>We have found the ability to depict derangements of structure and function helpful in caring for the population of animals at the National Zoological Park. <h3>Techniques</h3> Conventional and magnification radiography, angiography, xeroradiography, radioisotope studies, and ultrasound have been shown to be useful diagnostic aids in these exotic animals.<sup>4-6</sup>Often, these imaging studies have allowed us to make specific diagnoses or have provided information that resulted in the appropriate diagnostic sequence, leading to a proper clinical evaluation. In some regards, the most common circumstance in which we find ourselves is analogous to that encountered in acute pediatric problems or emergency room practice in human medicine. We are
Risk Assessment for and Strategies to Reduce Perioperative Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Tahir Qaseem
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters3 October 2006Risk Assessment for and Strategies to Reduce Perioperative Pulmonary ComplicationsAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA and Vincenza Snow, MDAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHAFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106. and Vincenza Snow, MDFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE: Dr. Qaseem makes an important point about acid suppression prophylaxis in a subset of patients at increased risk for pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during surgery. Although we agree, acid suppression is widely used for gastrointestinal prophylaxis. As Dr. Qaseem pointed out, even though the acid aspiration syndrome is a critical perioperative complication, it is limited to a very small subset of patients. The use of acid suppression solely as a preventive strategy for pulmonary complications was excluded from our review. These patients need to be individually evaluated and managed appropriately. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MDAffiliations: From the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRisk Assessment for and Strategies to Reduce Perioperative Pulmonary Complications Tahir Qaseem Metrics Cited byMedical Care of the Surgical PatientPreoperative cardiac risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly patients without heart failure undergoing hip fracture surgery: a single-centre studyLaringectomie parziali sopracricoidee (cricoioidopessia e crico-ioido-epiglottopessia)Laringectomías parciales supracricoideas (cricohioidopexia y cricohioidoepiglotopexia)Preoperative EvaluationMedical Care of the Surgical PatientRapid Geriatric Assessment of Hip FracturePreoperative EvaluationDevelopment and Implementation of a Tool to Assess Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) in Preoperative SettingOptimal Preoperative Assessment of the Geriatric Surgical Patient: A Best Practices Guideline from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the American Geriatrics SocietyPostoperative morbidity after fast-track laparoscopic resection of rectal cancerAnesthetic Management of Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Bypass (Apicoaortic Conduit) Surgery 3 October 2006Volume 145, Issue 7Page: 553KeywordsConflicts of interestProphylaxisRisk assessmentsSurgery ePublished: 3 October 2006 Issue Published: 3 October 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Incorrect Figure Key
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Informed consent: I
Authors: L. J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1980)

IN RECENT years physicians have become increasingly concerned over developments relating to the doctrine of informed consent. To a certain extent, this is part of the general concern over the increasing incidence of malpractice litigation and the growing cost of malpractice insurance. But there is also concern over several unique aspects of the informed consent doctrine that do not occur in other areas of the law of professional liability. First, many courts have adopted a rule that requires a physician to disclose to a patient all information that may be relevant to the patient's decision to undergo treatment. This rule is a departure from the older approach, which judged disclosure of information to patients by a professional standard. Thus, in many states it is possible for a physician to be found liable for failing to obtain a patient's informed consent, even if there is no evidence that the physician's behavior
Catheter pacing in complete heart block. Techniques and complications
Authors: A. J. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The bipolar catheter pacemaker was used as a temporary measure in 58 patients with complete heart block. The external jugular veins were the preferred sites of passage, and a fluoroscopic image intensifier was almost a necessity. Complications were frequent including two deaths during catheterization and two later deaths. Failure to pace was usually caused by malposition or breakage of the catheter, poor electrical connections, or run-down batteries. Investigation of such failure should include a survey of the pacemaker artifact in the standard electrocardiogram and the recording of endocardial leads from the catheter, in addition to x-ray studies.
Alterations in Nerve and Muscle Compound Action Potentials after Acute Acrylamide Administration
Authors: Rebecca J. Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The early deficits of neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide were examined in rats by comparing nerve and muscle action potentials before and 24 hr after exposure to acrylamide (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg). No changes were seen in the nerve action potential amplitude or duration. The 25 mg/kg dose produced a more variable nerve conduction velocity. There was also a significant broadening of the muscle compound action potential. Neither of these effects were seen in the fasted controls. However, the lengthening of the relative refractory period of the muscle action potential was highly correlated with losses in body weight in the treatment groups and was identical to changes seen in control animals which were fasted for 24 hr. The slowed conduction of the muscle action potential may be a precursor of the nerve terminal damage which results from chronic exposure. Changes in the muscle refractory period, on the other hand, appear to be secondary to the loss in body weight which accompanies acrylamide administration.
Correction
Authors: N Charni-Ben, P Richardot, L Toh, H Marotte, A-C Bay-Jensen, P Miossec, P Garnero
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

the knee joint of 11 patients with RA were on average 3.7-fold higher (p,0.001)than in those of 11 subjects with knee osteoarthritis and correlated with paired serum values (r = 0.65, p = 0.039).This suggests that circulating IIINys levels reflect in part local joint synovial tissue contribution.Using a specific antibody, we showed that the IIINys sequence of type III collagen is highly nitrated in the synovium of patients with RA, in support of the growing body of evidence underscoring a central role for free radicals and NO in chronic inflammation. 9 10Markedly elevated serum IIINys values were detected in patients with active RA, suggesting that this biochemical marker may be useful for the clinical investigation of oxidative-mediated joint damage and for assessing effects of NO-targeted therapies.Further studies are required to determine whether serum IIINys reflects specifically synovial tissue inflammation and/or more general NO-mediated processes.
Recycling
Authors: James H. King
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On Being a Doctor7 January 2014RecyclingJames H. King, MDJames H. King, MDFrom OSF Galesburg Clinic, Galesburg, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M13-1051 Audio Reading - “Recycling” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Recycling," by J.H. King. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail After one attains a certain age (which I reached a few years ago), it is inadvisable to speculate that things may have been better in the old days. To do so is to invite ridicule. So, no matter that control of medicine has passed from MDs to MBAs, that corporatization transforms professions into jobs, or that the electronic health record has added new layers of bureaucratic complexity to already overburdened working lives; I shall offer no complaint. After all, the policymakers continuously inform us that this is a brave new world that must be embraced. And although I feel fairly ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From OSF Galesburg Clinic, Galesburg, Illinois.Corresponding Author: James H. King, MD, OSF Galesburg Clinic, 3315 North Seminary Street, Galesburg, IL 61401; e-mail, james.h.[email protected]net. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Recycling” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Recycling," by J.H. King. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRecycling Richard Blakely Recycling Edward Volpintesta Recycling James H. King Recycling Richard Blakely Recycling James H. King Recycling Edward Volpintesta Metrics Cited byRecyclingRichard Blakely, MDRecyclingEdward Volpintesta, MD 7 January 2014Volume 160, Issue 1Page: 68KeywordsDecision makingElectronic medical recordsEvidence based medicineGamesHealth careInterleukinsMedicareWine ePublished: 7 January 2014 Issue Published: 7 January 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...