tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP95: Should Habitual Sleep Duration be Added to “Life’s Simple 7?”
Authors: Michael A Grandner, Freda Patterson, Susan Kohl Malone, Alexandra Hanlon, Patricia Haynes, Megan Petrov, Sairam Parthasarathy
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The AHA introduced the “Life’s Simple 7” guidelines. Sleep is not mentioned in these guidelines. The present analyses examine whether sleep duration is associated with each of the “Simple 7,” and whether sleep duration contributes unique variance to health over and above the “Simple 7.” Methods: Pooled data from the 2005-2008 NHANES was used. NHANES is a nationally-representative survey conducted by the CDC. High blood pressure and high cholesterol were assessed as self-reported history. High blood sugar was assessed as measured fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL. Low physical activity was assessed as 2000 kcal for women and &gt;2500 kcal for men. Measured obesity was defined as ≥30 kg/m2. Current smoking was self-reported. Habitual sleep duration was assessed as self-reported weeknight sleep and categorized as Very Short (≤4h), Short (5-6h), Normal (7-8h), and long (≥9h). Overall health was rated on a 5-point scale, with Excellent, Very Good and Good coded as “Good,” and Poor and Very Poor coded as “Poor.” All analyses were weighted and adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and body mass index (except obesity analyses). Results: Habitual sleep duration was associated with each of the components of the “Simple 7,” including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood sugar, low physical activity, high calorie diet, obesity, and smoking (see Table). Further, even after adjusting for all 7 components as well as covariates, sleep duration was related to overall health, such that overall poor health was associated with both very short (OR=1.81, 95% CI[1.31-2.49], p&lt;0.001) and short (OR=1.23, 95%CI[1.00-1.51],p&lt;0.05) sleep duration. Conclusions: Habitual sleep duration is a key lifestyle health behavior. It is associated with each of the components of the “Simple 7” and contributes unique variance to overall health beyond these other key indicators. Adequate sleep duration should be considered when drafting lifestyle health guidelines.
Peroxynitrite, the Breakdown Product of Nitric Oxide, Is Beneficial in Blood Cardioplegia but Injurious in Crystalloid Cardioplegia
Authors: Russell S. Ronson, Vinod H. Thourani, Xin-Liang Ma, Sara L. Katzmark, David Han, Zhi-Qing Zhao, Masanori Nakamura, Robert A. Guyton, Jakob Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) has been implicated as a primary mediator in the deleterious effects of nitric oxide (NO) in crystalloid solutions, possibly due to a lack of detoxification mechanisms, leading to the formation of ·OH. In contrast, ONOO − may exert cardioprotective effects in blood environments secondary to detoxification and the subsequent formation of NO-donating nitrosothiols. This dichotomy in physiological effects of ONOO − may exist between crystalloid and blood cardioplegia (BCP) environments. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ONOO − is cardiotoxic in crystalloid cardioplegia but cardioprotective in BCP in ischemically injured hearts. Methods and Results —In anesthetized dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass, global 37°C ischemia was imposed for 30 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of intermittent 4°C hyperkalemic crystalloid (Plegisol) or BCP with (+) or without (−) 5 μmol/L authentic ONOO − . After 2 hours of reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) function (end-systolic pressure-volume relations, in percent of baseline) was 56±3% in Plegisol−, which was further reduced in Plegisol+ to 40±4%.* In contrast, postischemic systolic function was better in BCP+ groups than in BCP− groups (96±2%* versus 82±2%, respectively). Differences in functional recovery could not be attributed to differences in hemodynamics. LV end-diastolic stiffness was significantly increased with the addition of ONOO − in both Plegisol (298±26% versus 466±30%*) and BCP (201±22% versus 267±13%*) groups. Consistent with increased LV chamber stiffness, myocardial edema was increased in BCP+ compared with BCP− (78.9±0.3% versus 76.4±0.3%*) and in Plegisol+ compared with Plegisol− (81.1±0.3% versus 79.6±0.4%*). Creatine kinase activity was significantly increased in Plegisol+ (48±6) compared with that in Plegisol− (31±6) but was unchanged in BCP− (14±2) relative to BCP+ (18±1). Nitrotyrosine (ng/mg protein) accumulation in LV myocardial biopsy samples confirmed myocardial exposure to ONOO − or its metabolites (Plegisol− 1.2±0.1, Plegisol+ 3.31±0.3*, BCP− 1.4±0.2, BCP+ 2.9±0.2*). Conclusions —We conclude that (1) the postcardioplegic cardiodynamic effects of ONOO − depend on its environment and (2) ONOO − in crystalloid solution impairs postcardioplegia systolic and diastolic functional recovery, whereas (3) ONOO − in BCP increases functional recovery. This environment-dependent dichotomy in the effect of ONOO − may affect the benefits of NO-related adjuncts to crystalloid or BCP solutions (* P &lt;0.05 versus group without ONOO − ). :II-384–II-391.)
Atopic eczema and other manifestations of atopy: results of a study in East and West Germany
Authors: T. Schäfer, D. Vieluf, H. Behrendt, U. Krämer, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Within an environmental health study, dermatologic examination of 1273 pre-school-age children (5–7 years old) was carried out in selected areas of East (n= 287) and West (n= 987) Germany in spring 1991. On the basis of comparable genetic background, the influence of a different exposure to air pollutants on the manifestation of atopic diseases was investigated. Halle an der Saale (East Germany) and Duisburg (North/South) as well as Essen (West Germany) were chosen as polluted study areas, whereas the countryside town of Borken (West Germany) served as a control region. Outdoor pollution with particles and SO2 was significantly higher in Halle an der Saale. Of the total study group. 12.9% suffered from atopic eczema at the time of examination. The prevalence was highest in East Germany (17.5%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.39, confidence intervals [CI] 0.77–2.52, compared to Borken). The reported frequencies of hay fever and asthma in the total study population were 2% and 1.3%, respectively, without significant differences between study sites. Some 34.7% of the children showed at least one positive skin prick test reaction; significantly (P< 0.001) higher sensitization rates were obtained in western regions (Essen, Duisburg-South) than in the control region (Borken) and East Germany. Multivariate analysis of the prevalence of atopic eczema showed associations with parental predisposition (OR 1.52, CI 1.03–2.25), sex (for boys, OR 0.63, CI 0.43–0.92), location (Duisburg-South vs Borken OR 0.52, CI 0.30–0.96). month of investigation (May vs April, and March vs February OR 0.55, CI 0.37–0.81), contact with rabbits (for girls, OR 2.90, CI 1.36–6.19), animal fur in bedrooms (2.17, 1.01–4.67), indoor use of gas without hood (1.68, 1.11–2.56), and distance of homes from a busy road (<50 m 1.71, 1.07–2.73). Nonsignificant associations were observed for history of helminthic infections (OR 1.61, CI 0.98–2.64) and high parental education level (OR 1.83, CI 0.83–4.02). In East and West Germany, atopic eczema seems to follow a course different from that of respiratory allergic diseases and specific sensitization, a fact which underlines the need for a differentiated analysis.
Influence of hydration level and body fluids on exercise performance in the heat
Authors: M. N. Sawka
Journal: JAMA (1984)

During exercise in the heat, sweat output often exceeds water intake, resulting in hypohydration, which is defined as a body fluid deficit. This fluid deficit is comprised of water loss from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Hypohydration during exercise causes a greater heat storage and reduces endurance in comparison with euhydration levels. The greater heat storage is attributed to a decreased sweating rate (evaporative heat loss) as well as a decreased cutaneous blood flow (dry heat loss). These response decrements have been attributed to both plasma hyperosmolality and a plasma hypovolemia. Subject gender, acclimation state, and aerobic fitness do not alter the increased heat storage when hypohydrated. Hyperhydration, or body fluid excess, does not seem to provide a clear advantage during exercise-heat stress, but will delay the development of hypohydration. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1165-1169)
Abstract 16261: Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism After Transseptal Ablation in Patients With Implanted Cardiac Devices
Authors: Peter Noseworthy, Malini Madhavan, Christopher DeSimone, Christopher McLeod, Lindsey Sangaralingham, Samuel Asirvatham, Xiaoxi Yao
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Mobile thrombi are commonly observed on endovascular leads at the time of catheter ablation. Transseptal puncture poses a risk of paradoxical embolism. We sought to examine the risk of stroke or systemic embolism after transseptal ablation in patients with and without cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Methods: Using a large, national administrative claims database we identified 31,720 patients who underwent a catheter ablation requiring transseptal puncture between 1/1/2004 and 9/30/2014. We created two propensity-matched cohorts, matching on age, gender, race, household income, region, Charlson index, CHADS-Vasc score, and year and indication for ablation (5,533 patients with CIEDs and 11,300 patients without devices). Incidence rates (events/100 patient-years) and propensity score-matched cox proportional hazards models (with 95% confidence intervals) were used to estimate risk of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism for patients with or without CIEDs. We also examined the impact of presence of a CIED and oral anticoagulation (OAC) use on risk of stroke or systemic embolism within the matched cohort. Average follow up was 2.1 years. Results: The event rate was 1.5 per 100 person years in patients without device, and 1.9 per 100 person years in patients with device. Among patients not on OAC, presence of a cardiac device was associated with an increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism (HR 1.71 [1.24-2.35], P&lt;0.01) whereas there was no association among patients treated with OAC (0.98 [0.75_1.28], p=ns) (Figure). Conclusions: Cardiac devices are associated with an increased risk of stroke or systemic embolism after transseptal ablation, but this risk is attenuated with post ablation OAC use. Anticoagulation should be considered for all patients with CIEDs post transseptal ablation, regardless of the presence of another compelling indication for anticoagulation.
Update: Outbreaks of Cyclosporiasis— United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A randomized trial to increase smoking intervention by physicians. Doctors Helping Smokers, Round I
Authors: T. E. Kottke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Sixty-six physicians were randomized to three groups to conduct a 1-month campaign to help their patients stop smoking. The workshop group received free patient education materials and a 6-hour training workshop. The materials group received free patient education materials, and the no-assistance group received nothing. A telephone interview was completed with 89% of the 6767 eligible adult patients seen during the month of the campaign. The brief training program and patient education materials marginally increased the smoking intervention activities of volunteer physicians in private practice. Both workshop and materials physicians asked 54% of their smoking patients to stop; no-assistance physicians asked 40%. One year later, 36% of patients who had not even been asked by their doctors if they smoked reported that they had tried to stop smoking. If the physician had asked the patient if he or she smoked, the probability of a quit attempt was 47%. Patients who had been asked if they smoked were more likely to claim to have stopped (13%) than patients who had not been asked (9%). However, the proportion of patients claiming continued abstinence (range, 12% to 14%) was not related to the group of the physician. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:2101-2106)
Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: O George
Journal: JAMA (1976)

MOST doctors have heard of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Most doctors, including us alcoholics, do not know where it is, what it does, and how it works. We all know that alcoholism is a tough behavioral disease. We do not know how to cope with it in our friends and patients (or in ourselves), and we don't often try. Look at it this way: AA is the nation's best specialist in alcoholism, and, as with other problems beyond our competence, we should refer our cases to the specialist. But don't do it blindly. Learn about your specialist, his methods, and his competence so you can discuss referral intelligently. <h3>It Works</h3> Alcoholics Anonymous was begun in 1935 by two hard-core alcoholics, one of them a doctor. Today there are more than a million members organized into more than 27,000 groups that meet weekly or oftener. The numbers are not accurate because of
THE NATURE OF KOCH'S "REMEDY."
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Difference in Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor–Mediated Hyperpolarization and Nitric Oxide Release Between Human Internal Mammary Artery and Saphenous Vein
Authors: Zhi-Gang Liu, Zhi-Dong Ge, Guo-Wei He
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The greater nitric oxide (NO) release that occurs in the internal mammary artery (IMA) when compared with the saphenous vein (SV) has been suggested by more endothelium-dependent relaxation in the IMA or measured by bioassay; however, no direct measurement of NO- or endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)–mediated hyperpolarization has been reported. The present study measured such hyperpolarization, as well as NO release, in these vessels. Methods and Results —IMA (n=46) and SV (n=61) segments taken from patients undergoing coronary surgery were studied in the organ chamber. Hyperpolarization (by intracellular glass microelectrode) and NO release (by NO-sensitive electrode) in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin, with and without incubation with N G -nitro- l -arginine, indomethacin, and oxyhemoglobin, were measured. The resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle cells from the IMA (58±0.8 mV; n=15) was higher than that in those from the SV (−62±0.9 mV; n=23; P =0.0001). The EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization induced by acetylcholine (10 −5 mol/L: −9.4±1.5 mV in IMA, n=10, versus −4.5±1.0 mV in SV, n=17; P &lt;0.01) and bradykinin (10 −7 mol/L: −10.9±1.5 mV in IMA, n=8, versus −5.1±0.5 mV in SV, n=8; P &lt;0.01) and the basal release of NO (16.8±1.6 nmol/L in IMA, n=13, versus 9.9±2.8 nmol/L in SV, n=13; P &lt;0.001) were significantly greater in the IMA than in the SV. The duration of acetylcholine- and bradykinin-induced NO release was longer in the IMA than in the SV. Conclusions —The basal release of NO and EDHF-mediated hyperpolarization were significantly greater in the IMA than in the SV. In addition, the duration of the stimulated release of NO was longer in the IMA than in the SV. These differences may contribute to the superior long-term patency of IMA grafts.
Postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of Lipiodol containing anticancer drugs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: R Izumi
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis by hepatocellular carcinoma are important factors predisposing to tumor recurrence. Recurrences of this malignancy occur frequently in residual liver, and its prevention is one of the most important factors in obtaining better surgical survival. Fifty patients who underwent hepatectomy for invasive hepatocellular carcinoma with vascular invasion and/or intrahepatic metastases were studied to evaluate the effect of adjuvant bolus hepatic arterial infusion of iodized poppyseed oil (Lipiodol) containing anticancer drugs in preventing recurrence and in prolonging survival. Patients were assigned to two treatment groups. Twenty-three of the fifty patients received adjuvant bolus infusion of Lipiodol containing doxorubicin and mitomycin C, whereas 27 patients received no therapy. The disease-free survival rate for the patients who received adjuvant therapy was significantly better (p<0.05) than that for those who did not when measured at 172, 516, 688 and 860 days after hepatectomy, and the disease-free survival curve for patients with adjuvant therapy was significantly (p=0.0237) better than that without adjuvant therapy. The cumulative survival rates and curves were not significantly different between the two groups. While adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of Lipiodol containing anticancer drugs was effective in improving disease-free survival, the effect was not satisfactory. Further trials of adjuvant chemotherapy are required to improve the surgical survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (Hepatology 1994;20:295–301.)
OA11.02 Changes of Brain Structure in Advanced NSCLC Patients Receiving EGFR-TKIs: Dynamic Analysis Based on Series MRI Images
Authors: C. Luo, B. Yang, X. Zhou, L. Zhou, Y. Zhou, J. Zhu, M. Huang, F. Peng, Y. Liu, Y. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Lu, S. Lui, Y. Gong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2019)
Error in Abstract
Authors: Guifeng Xu, Lane Strathearn, Buyun Liu, Wei Bao
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), we found that the weighted prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was 2.41% (95% CI, 2.17%-2.65%) in 2014-2016.Sample weights are provided with the NHIS data for researchers to use during analysis to take into account unequal probabilities of selection and nonresponse.For the analysis of the 2016 data, we used the weights originally released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in June 2017.The CDC identified inaccuracies in the original sampling weights and updated them in November 2017, after acceptance of the Research Letter, but we did not become aware of this change until December 27, 2017.We reran all the analyses for our estimates using the updated weights.The conclusions were not changed, but there were some small changes in the results for the 2016 data and the pooled data from 2014-2016.For example, the overall prevalence of ASD changed from 2.41% to 2.47% (95% CI, 2.20%-2.73%),with the estimate being within the original 95% CI.
Can methotrexate be used as a steroid sparing agent in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis<sup>2</sup>
Authors: Juan Torre, Lourdes Mozo, Ana Suarez, Carmen Gutierrez, Eduardo Ramos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Letters to the editor the patient relapsed, developing oral and genital ulcers, again requiring treatment in hospital.However, the seric concentration of liver enzymes remained normal and the titre of antibodies did not increase.She received topical treatment and the dose of steroids was increased to 12 mg/day.Three weeks later she was discharged from hospital and, at present, remains clinically stable.In the present report a correlation between the titre of antibodies to ribosomal P proteins and the development of hepatic disease was seen.The levels of liver enzymes increased and decreased in parallel with the titres of ribosomal antibodies.Correlation between the titres of autoantibodies and other clinical manifestations was not found as the titres remained unchanged despite two acute episodes with important articular and dermatological complications.We do not have a definitive explanation of the relation between hepatic disease and the presence of ribosomal antibodies.However, it has recently been shown that these antibodies may bind to liver membranes in cell cultures.8It may be, therefore, that these autoantibodies cause hepatopathy by binding in vivo to certain proteins in the hepatocyte membrane.Further studies will help to confirm this suggestion.