tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Worth of a Miracle
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4544: Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as targeted antifolates
Authors: Aleem Gangjee, Lalit Golani, Adrianne Wallaceb, Larry H. Matherly
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Reduced folates are essential cofactors for the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Since humans do not synthesize folate, it is necessary to obtain these cofactors from dietary sources. In mammals, three specialized systems exist that mediate membrane transport of folates and antifolates across biological membranes. These include the reduced folate carrier (RFC), the primary route for the uptake of folates and antifolates in mammalian cells, folate receptors (FRs) α and β, and the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT). Whereas RFC is ubiquitously expressed, FRs and PCFT show a narrower pattern of tissue expression. Toxicity of clinically used antifolates is attributed to their lack of selectivity for tumor cells over normal cells, likely due in part to their RFC transport. Antifolates with tumor-selective FR and/or PCFT drug uptake would circumvent major toxicities of currently used antifolates. We previously described the synthesis and biological activity of AGF23, a 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine. Against FRα- and PCFT-expressing KB human tumor cells, AGF23 was potently inhibitory (IC50 = 1.9 nM). Two novel isosteres of AGF23, AGF215 and AGF234 with oxygen and nitrogen in place of carbon at C11, respectively, were designed and synthesized. This simple isosteric replacement of carbon with heteroatoms in the bridge affords compounds with different chain lengths, angles, conformations and extra hydrogen bond donors and/or acceptors compared to the parent carbon chain analog. AGF215 and AGF234 were compared to AGF23 as inhibitors of proliferation of engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing human PCFT (R2/PCFT4), FRα (RT16), or RFC (PC43-10). AGF215 and AGF234, like AGF23, were inactive toward PC43-10 cells. AGF23 and AGF234 showed low level activity toward R2/PCFT4 cells (IC50∼200 nM), whereas AGF215 was inactive. Toward FRα-expressing RT16 cells, all the analogs were potently active with IC50 values of 1-6 nM. Toward KB tumor cells, AGF215 and AGF234 were highly potent with IC50 values of 3 and 1.3 nM, respectively. AGF215 and AGF234 are potential analogs for further preclinical studies and analog design. Citation Format: Aleem Gangjee, Lalit Golani, Adrianne Wallaceb, Larry H. Matherly. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as targeted antifolates. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4544. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4544
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mood Disorders
Authors: Gordon Parker
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This article is an overview of epidemiological and treatment studies suggesting that deficits in dietary-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may make an etiological contribution to mood disorders and that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may provide a therapeutic strategy. Method: Relevant published studies are detailed and considered. Results: Several epidemiological studies suggest covariation between seafood consumption and rates of mood disorders. Biological marker studies indicate deficits in omega-3 fatty acids in people with depressive disorders, while several treatment studies indicate therapeutic benefits from omega-3 supplementation. A similar contribution of omega-3 fatty acids to coronary artery disease may explain the well-described links between coronary artery disease and depression. Conclusions: Deficits in omega-3 fatty acids have been identified as a contributing factor to mood disorders and offer a potential rational treatment approach. This review identifies a number of hypotheses and studies for consideration. In particular, the authors argue for studies clarifying the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation for unipolar and bipolar depressive disorders, both as individual and augmentation treatment strategies, and for studies pursuing which omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is likely to provide the greatest benefit.
Does the choice of hormone therapy affect medium-term outcomes following radical external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer?
Authors: Ciara Lyons, Jaine K. Blayney, Darren M. Mitchell, Jacqueline A. Harney, Jonathan McAleese, Lin Shum, David P. Stewart, Suneil Jain, Joe M. O'Sullivan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

97 Background: Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the benefit of the addition of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in the treatment of men with localized prostate cancer (PC). Anti-androgens (AA) may have a better toxicity profile than luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa). However, no RCT has directly compared these agents in combination with radical EBRT. We evaluated outcomes for men with localized PC treated with EBRT in conjunction with either LHRHa or AA therapy. Methods: Data from 409 consecutive patients treated in NI with radical EBRT (70-74 Gy/2Gy #) between 2005 and 2009 were reviewed. Baseline and treatment characteristics analysed comprised age at diagnosis, T stage, initial PSA (iPSA), Gleason score, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI), ADT type and radiation dose. Outcomes included biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS; Phoenix), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) and overall survival (OS). Cox Proportional Hazards model was used for multivariate analysis (MVA). Results: Men receiving LHRHa were significantly more likely to be older and have a higher iPSA. On MVA, factors independently associated with biochemical failure were T stage ≥ 3 and use of AA (p &lt; 0.004 and p &lt; 0.02 respectively). On MVA, the single independent factor for poorer OS was higher aCCI (p &lt; 0.000015). There was a trend towards poorer OS in the LHRHa group (p = 0.087). Conclusions: An aCCI &gt; 4 was the only independent factor for poorer OS. While there was a significantly increased rate of biochemical failure in the AA group, there was a trend towards poorer OS in the LHRHa group. This study suggests that AA may be a reasonable alternative to LHRHa therapy in men with localized PC treated with radical EBRT and ADT. [Table: see text]
The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<i>The Merck Manual</i>has been around for a long time—since 1899. Although almost a nonagenarian, it has refused to grow old. Throughout its long career, it has earned our esteem and gratitude for fulfilling a modest but very important function in a competent and effective manner. The budding new physician and the established practitioner both turn to<i>The Merck Manual</i>for guidance through the overwhelming complexity of modern medicine. It is the vade mecum for medical students, physicians, and all who work with them. Probably no other medical book is read as widely as this one. What is<i>The Merck Manual</i>? It contains as much information as do many textbooks of medicine but differs from them by emphasizing clinical problems more than the molecular and cellular origins of disease. It has some of the features associated with the kind of book that offers step-by-step instructions for treating diseases, but it
The Dental AIDS Cases—Murder or an Unsolvable Mystery?
Authors: David R. Pepper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I found the interview by Mr Breo<sup>1</sup>concerning the unsolved dental AIDS cases of David Acer interesting. It seems to me there is one much more plausible and likely scenario. Given that all six cases had identical DNA sequences in the HIV, it seems only reasonable to conclude that Acer was the source. Furthermore, given the fact that no other dental or medical patients have ever been demonstrated to have become infected by routine procedures, it seems again reasonable to presume that this was an intentional act on the part of the dentist. In the discussion by Breo, only the contaminated blood is discussed. He mentions that blood could have been transmitted or intentionally injected by the dentist to the six patients. Wouldn't a more obvious source and more infective source be semen? Semen could be more easily mixed with lidocaine or substituted for lidocaine to
Methylmercury in the Environment: A Review of Current Understanding
Authors: W. Stopford, L. J. Goldwater
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The danger of methylmercury poisoning appears to be slight when the environment is not directly contaminated with methylmercury. Sediments rapidly bind mercury and decrease its availability to aquatic organisms. Sediments further have a greater propensity to demethylate than to methylate mercury. In noncontaminated aquatic ecosystems, the concentrations of methylmercury and inorganic mercury are many times lower than those that have been found to cause toxicity, even in the most sensitive organisms. Methylmercury bound to protein is comparatively less toxic than methylmercury salts, and selenium present in this protein appear to be one of the major detoxifying agents for methylmercury. This is particularly important in seafood, where there is an excess of selenium compared to methylmercury.
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Amenorrhea
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breaking the inverse care law
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2021)

In a 1971 issue of The Lancet, British general practitioner Julian Tudor Hart posited that "the availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served." In other words, those most in need of medical attention perversely receive the least and the lowest quality care. This phenomenon is linked to wealth: richer people, by global and national standards, have the lowest burden of disease—mostly due to nutritional, environmental, and educational advantages—but the best access to high-quality care throughout their life.
EXANTHEM AND ENANTHEM ASSOCIATED WITH MUMPS VIRUS INFECTION
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elementary school students' performance with two ELISA test systems
Authors: D. G. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine analytic performance by previously untrained and inexperienced subjects using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests developed for decentralized laboratories. Performance variability between tests assigned to the "simple" and "moderately complex" Health Care Financing Administration laboratory levels was evaluated. <h3>Design.</h3> —A nonrandomized trial of the Surecell Strep-A chorionic gonadotropin ELISA tests. Each subject processed nine unknown specimens (three negative, three weakly positive, and three strongly positive) for each ELISA test. Subjects were blinded to expected test results. <h3>Setting.</h3> —An elementary school. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A convenience sample of 52 students enrolled in the sixth and seventh grades. This age group was chosen because of their ability to generally comprehend instructions and remain attentive to the testing task. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Subjects were either self-trained by reading package insert directions or trained by a manufacturer's sales representative. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Performance was measured as the percentage of correct test results for the unknown specimens. The sensitivity and specificity for each test by operator group were calculated. <h3>Results.</h3> —Subjects demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 94.7% for human chorionic gonadotropin unknown specimens and a 95.9% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity for group A steptococcus unknown specimens. No significant differences between the self-trained group and the representative-trained group were observed for either group A streptococcus or human chorionic gonadotropin tests. Performance was so high with the first specimen that improvement over time (ie, a "learning curve") could not be demonstrated. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These ELISA test systems are able to achieve high levels of performance by subjects with no formal laboratory background, no previous method specific experience, and limited self-training. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:766-770)
Varicella in the immunocompromised host
Authors: S. R. Preblud
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to comment on a recent article by Keene and colleagues (239:45-46, 1978) discussing a 17-year-old girl with disseminated varicella complicating ulcerative colitis. The approach taken to varicella in the immunocompromised host is a function of the point at which the diagnosis is entertained. In a patient receiving steroid therapy in whom varicella develops after an unsuspected exposure, therapy should consist of immediate tapering of steroid dosage to physiological levels insofar as is possible.<sup>1,2</sup>In addition, two other modes of therapy may be useful in such patients. Adenosine arabinoside, an investigational antiviral agent, is available to immunocompromised patients with either disseminated varicella or disseminated herpes zoster through Richard Whitely, MD, or the University of Alabama Medical Center, Birmingham (205-934-5316 or 205-822-6459). Ann Arvin, MD, and Thomas Merigan, MD, of Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (415-497-5715, 415-321-6015, or 415-854-3788) are making interferon, another investigational agent, available
Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: A prospective study
Authors: X Xiol
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBEM) is an infection of a preexisting hydrothorax in cirrhotic patients and has seldom been reported. To determine its incidence and primary characteristics, all cirrhotic patients with pleural effusion underwent thoracentesis at our hospital either on admission or when an infection was suspected. Pleural fluid (PF) study included biochemical analysis, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte count, and culture by two methods: conventional and modified (inoculation of 10 mL of PF into a blood culture bottle at the bedside). SBEM was defined according to previously reported criteria: PF culture positive or PMN count greater than 500 cells/μL, and exclusion of parapneumonic effusions. Sixteen of the 120 (13%) cirrhotic patients admitted with hydrothorax had 24 episodes of SBEM. In 10 of the 24 episodes (43%), SBEM was not associated with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). PF culture was positive by the conventional method in 8 episodes (33%) and by the modified method (blood culture inoculation) in 18 (75%) (P = .004, McNemar). The microorganisms identified in PF were Escherichia coli in 8 episodes, Streptococcus species in 4, Enterococcus species in 3, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2, and Pseudomonas stutzeri in 1. All episodes were treated with antibiotics without inserting a chest tube in any case. Mortality during treatment was 20%. We conclude that SBEM is a common complication of cirrhotic patients with hydrothorax. Almost half of the episodes were not associated with SBP; thus, thoracentesis should be performed in patients with cirrhosis, pleural effusion, and suspected infection. Culture of PF should be performed by inoculating 10 mL into a blood culture bottle at the bedside.
A Phase II Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of the Oral Inhibitor of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Enzyme INCB024360 in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Rami S Komrokji, Sheng Wei, Adam W Mailloux, Ling Zhang, Eric Padron, Jeffrey E. Lancet, Sara Tinsley, Lisa A Nardelli, Cynthia Benoit, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Pearlie K Epling-Burnette, Alan F List
Journal: Blood (2014)
Nosocomial Infections in Intensive Care Units-Reply
Authors: David J. Bihari
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Langer and colleagues that prevalence studies have their limitations and that the EPIC study may have overestimated the magnitude of ICU-acquired infections. Unfortunately, we did not have access to the data sources cited by Langer et al. They refer to one study reported in abstract form for a local meeting held 10 years ago (their reference 2) and a second study for which preliminary results were published only recently (their reference 3). They also focused on the incidence of sepsis without specific presentation of the relevant data on nosocomial infections. Nevertheless, the methods used in the EPIC study were identical for the various countries, so any comparisons between or among countries remain appropriate. As we discussed in our article, the differences observed among the European countries may well be explained by different severities of illness of the patients included, as reflected by higher Acute
5-aminolevulinic acid mediated photodynamic therapy: pathing the way towards a new therapeutic modality for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Abhishek Kumar, Olivier Morales, Martha Baydoun, Bertrand Leroux, Laurine Ziane, Lynda Aoudjehane, Alexandre Quilbe, Celine Frochot, Filomena Conti, Serge Mordon, Emmanuel Boleslawski, Nadira Delhem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Reply
Authors: Mrin Ariyanayagam, T.J.G. Barlow, Pamela Graham, S.P. Hall-Smith, J.M. Harris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Reply Get access Mrin Ariyanayagam, Mrin Ariyanayagam Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Brighton Polytechnic, Brighton BN2 G5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J.G. Barlow, T.J.G. Barlow Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Brighton Polytechnic, Brighton BN2 G5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pamela Graham, Pamela Graham Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Brighton Polytechnic, Brighton BN2 G5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.P. Hall‐Smith, S.P. Hall‐Smith Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Brighton Polytechnic, Brighton BN2 G5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Harris J.M. Harris Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Brighton Polytechnic, Brighton BN2 G5, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue 6, 1 December 1985, Pages 797–798, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02416.x Published: 01 December 1985