tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction: Efficacy of Oseltamivir-Zanamivir Combination Compared to Each Monotherapy for Seasonal Influenza: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Xavier Duval, Sylvie van der Werf, Thierry Blanchon, Anne Mosnier, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Annick Tibi, Vincent Enouf, Cécile Charlois-Ou, Corine Vincent, Laurent Andreoletti, Florence Tubach, Bruno Lina, France Mentré, Catherine Leport
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background: Neuraminidase inhibitors are thought to be efficacious in reducing the time to alleviation of symptoms in outpatients with seasonal influenza.The objective of this study was to compare the short-term virological efficacy of oseltamivir-zanamivir combination versus each monotherapy plus placebo. Methods and Findings:We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial with 145 general practitioners throughout France during the 2008-2009 seasonal influenza epidemic.Patients, general practitioners, and outcome assessors were all blinded to treatment assignment.Adult outpatients presenting influenza-like illness for less than 36 hours and a positive influenza A rapid test diagnosis were randomized to oseltamivir 75 mg orally twice daily plus zanamivir 10 mg by inhalation twice daily (OZ), oseltamivir plus inhaled placebo (O), or zanamivir plus oral placebo (Z).Treatment efficacy was assessed virologically according to the proportion of patients with nasal influenza reverse transcription (RT)-PCR below 200 copies genome equivalent (cgeq)/ml at day 2 (primary outcome), and clinically to the time to alleviation of symptoms until day 14.Overall 541 patients (of the 900 planned) were included (OZ, n = 192; O, n = 176; Z, n = 173), 49% male, mean age 39 years.In the intention-to-treat analysis conducted in the 447 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza A, 46%, 59%, and 34% in OZ (n = 157), O (n = 141), and Z (n = 149) arms had RT-PCR,200 cgeq/ml (213.0%,95% confidence interval [CI] 223.1 to 22.9, p = 0.025; +12.3%, 95% CI 2.39-22.2,p = 0.028 for OZ/O and OZ/Z comparisons).Mean day 0 to day 2 viral load decrease was 2.14, 2.49, and 1.68 log 10 cgeq/ml (p = 0.060, p = 0.016 for OZ/O and OZ/Z).Median time to alleviation of symptoms was 4.0, 3.0, and 4.0 days (+1.0, 95% CI 0.0-4.0,p = 0.018; +0.0, 95% CI 23.0 to 3.0, p = 0.960 for OZ/O and OZ/Z).Four severe adverse events were observed.Nausea and/or vomiting tended to be more frequent in the combination arm (OZ, n = 13; O, n = 4; and Z, n = 5 patients, respectively). Conclusions:In adults with seasonal influenza A mainly H3N2 virus infection, the oseltamivir-zanamivir combination appeared less effective than oseltamivir monotherapy, and not significantly more effective than zanamivir monotherapy.Despite the theoretical potential for the reduction of the emergence of antiviral resistance, the lower effectiveness of this combination calls for caution in its use in clinical practice.
Germs and the Man
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNIZING FUNCTION OF COLOSTRUM
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Update on the Supply of Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids and of Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
Journal: JAMA (2001)

During the last quarter of 2000, the U.S. Public Health Service learned of a shortage of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) and tetanus toxoid (TT) resulting from decreased production of these vaccines by the two U.S. manufacturers. Previously published recommendations outlined priorities for use of the limited supply of Td and TT. The shortage was expected to be resolved by early 2001; however, on January 10, 2001, Wyeth Lederle (Pearl River, New York) announced it had stopped production of tetanus toxoid-containing products. Although a small amount of Td is produced by the University of Massachusetts for local distribution, Aventis Pasteur (Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) is now the sole nationwide distributor of Td and TT. Aventis Pasteur is shipping limited quantities of vaccine to assure a wide distribution of available doses.
Bicycle helmet use by children. Evaluation of a community-wide helmet campaign
Authors: C. G. DiGuiseppi
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To assess the effect of a community-wide bicycle helmet campaign on helmet use, we observed 9827 children riding bicycles at sites in high-, middle-, and low-income census tracts in Seattle, Wash (intervention city), and Portland, Ore (control city); observations were made during 2-week intervals before and 4,12, and 16 months after the campaign's start. Helmet use increased from 5.5% before the campaign to 15.7% afterward in Seattle and from 1.0% to 2.9% in Portland. Strong associations were found between helmet use and white compared with black or other race; riding geared vs nongeared bicycles; riding at playgrounds, in parks, or on bicycle paths vs on city streets; and riding with adults or other children compared with riding alone. The proportions of helmet wearers, adjusted for these variables, increased from 4.6% to 14.0% in Seattle and from 1.0% to 3.6% in Portland, a significantly greater increase in use in Seattle compared with Portland. We conclude that a community-wide bicycle helmet campaign can increase helmet use among children. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2256-2261)
2019 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Advanced Life Support: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Jonathan P. Duff, Alexis A. Topjian, Marc D. Berg, Melissa Chan, Sarah E. Haskell, Benny L. Joyner, Javier J. Lasa, S. Jill Ley, Tia T. Raymond, Robert Michael Sutton, Mary Fran Hazinski, Dianne L. Atkins
Journal: Circulation (2019)

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association pediatric advanced life support guidelines follows the 2018 and 2019 systematic reviews performed by the Pediatric Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It aligns with the continuous evidence review process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, with updates published when the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation completes a literature review based on new published evidence. This update provides the evidence review and treatment recommendations for advanced airway management in pediatric cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric cardiac arrest, and pediatric targeted temperature management during post-cardiac arrest care. The writing group analyzed the systematic reviews and the original research published for each of these topics. For airway management, the writing group concluded that it is reasonable to continue bag-mask ventilation (versus attempting an advanced airway such as endotracheal intubation) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When extracorporeal membrane oxygenation protocols and teams are readily available, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be considered for patients with cardiac diagnoses and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Finally, it is reasonable to use targeted temperature management of 32°C to 34°C followed by 36°C to 37.5°C, or to use targeted temperature management of 36°C to 37.5°C, for pediatric patients who remain comatose after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Abstract 3899: SDF-1α Mediates the Therapeutic Effect of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Acute Myocardial Infarction Recruiting Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Masaaki Ii, Ayumi Yokoyama, Miki Horii, Hiroshi Akimaru, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Recently, human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells (hMADSs) have been isolated featuring extensive expansion capacity ex vivo. However, little is known about the therapeutic efficacy of hMADS in ischemic heart diseases. We tested the hypothesis that hMADS transplantation may contribute to cardiac functional recovery following myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: Nude rats were either transplanted with hMADSs (5x10 5 /rat, n=10) or PBS (control, n=9) in ischemic myocardium immediately following MI induction. The cardiac function, infarct size and capillary density in the peri-infarct area were evaluated by echocardiography and immunostaining 28 days after surgery. The cardiac function was significantly greater with increased capillary density and reduced fibrosis area in the hMADS group than that in the control group. Next, we examined tissue regeneration in the infarct heart by the transplanted hMADSs. However, remarkable differentiation of hMADSs into any cardiac cell lineages was not detected. To explore another mechanism for the favorable effect of hMADSs, we further examined mRNA expression of cytokines in hMADSs under hypoxic conditions. Although hypoxia decreased the expressions, robust VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1α expressions were detected in hMADSs. Notably, the stem/progenitor chemokine SDF-1α expression in hMADSs was significantly greater than that in human mesenchymal stem cells that are well known to have a therapeutic effect on ischemic heart diseases. We then focused on SDF-1α /CXCR4 axis and examined the contribution of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), that have CXCR4 receptor for SDF-1v, to ischemic myocardium using a Tie2/LacZ BM transplantation nude mouse model. β-gal positive EPCs are frequently observed in ischemic myocardium in the hMADS group compared to the control group. Conclusion: hMADSs exhibit a therapeutic effect on cardiac function following MI with the production of VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1α demonstrating paracrine effects rather than direct contribution to cardiac regeneration. These findings suggest that transplanted hMADSs and recruited EPCs may synergistically promote angiogenesis playing a role in ischemic myocardium.
A health policy agenda proposal for including the poor
Authors: J. R. Tallon
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Medicaid, the nation's major program to provide health care to low-income persons, is failing to meet the health care needs of the poor. Even though the number of poor persons without access to health insurance has grown over the past decade, 11 million persons with incomes below the federal poverty level were without any health insurance in 1988, and over 50% of the poor did not qualify for Medicaid. Although a patchwork of charity care and publicly funded health provision systems is available to some individuals in some communities, this incomplete system does not ensure access to comprehensive and consistent care for all who need it. A 1986 survey discovered that 19 million Americans encountered difficulty in obtaining health care because of financial reasons, and an estimated 1 million persons were denied care because they were unable to afford it. The failure of the program to provide comprehensive access for
From the NIH: Successful diet and exercise therapy is conducted in Vermont for "diabesity"
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interstate Reciprocity and Frauds in Medical Schools.
Authors: Dudley Tait
Journal: JAMA (1907)

San Francisco, Dec. 1, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Convinced that the incident referred to by Dr. Ethan H. Smith of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, San Francisco, is of more than local interest, I beg to submit the following evidence: Section 5 of the law regulating the practice of medicine in California contains the following: "In order to procure such certificate, he must produce satisfactory testimonials of good moral character and a diploma issued by some legally chartered medical school, the requirements of which medical school shall have been at the time of granting such diploma, in no particular less than those prescribed by the Association of American Medical Colleges for that year." Since 1896 the College of Physicians and Surgeons, San Francisco, has stated in its annual announcements that in granting advanced standing the requirements of the Association of American Colleges would be "strictly adhered" to. <h3>EXTRACTS FROM</h3>
Prospective assessment of donor blood screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus by first- and second-generation assays as a means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis
Authors: S Takano
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In November 1989, the Japanese Red Cross began screening blood donors for the hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) by first-generation assay and high-titer hepatitis B virus core antigen antibody. A significant reduction in the incidence of acute posttransfusion hepatitis was reported; however, the incidence still ranged from 2 percent to 4 percent. The Red Cross changed to the second-generation assay in February 1992, the objective being the complete elimination of potential posttransfusion hepatitis. The aim was to elucidate the advantage of second-generation assay as a blood-donor screening test. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis after the introduction of second-generation assay was compared with that before the introduction of the first-generation assay and with that during its use. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis was 9.6 percent (216/2,240) before anti-HCV-s donor screening. It was 3.7 percent (24/655) and 0.9 percent (3/326) after the introductions of the first- and second-generation hepatitis C virus (HCV) assays, respectively (chi (2) = 50.0, P < .01). Blood-donor screening by second-generation anti-HCV provided a significant benefit compared with the first-generation assay.
Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus
Authors: Vincent A. Fulginiti
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An atypical measles illness occurred in ten children who had received inactivated (killed) measles virus vaccine five to six years earlier. The illness is characterized by a two- to three-day prodrome of fever and complaints of pain (head, muscle, and abdomen, or both muscle and abdomen) followed by the development of a maculopapular rash with petechial, vesicular, and urticarial components. Peripheral edema and pneumonia occurred in almost all the children. In three instances, significant pleural effusions were noted. Serologic determinations established the diagnosis in all ten children, but measles virus was recovered from none of them.
High school students compete in different sort of Olympiad
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: Marcus M. Reidenberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The two principal themes of clinical pharmacology, individualization of drug therapy and the scientific assessment of drugs in humans, continue to be integrated into the mainstream of medicine itself. The major development that is helping to individualize therapy is the continuing advance of pharmacogenetics and its application to clinical problems. The discovery that some people were very slow metabolizers of debrisoquin (a drug used to test a pathway of drug metabolism), because they lack the gene for the normal enzyme, has led to new interest in understanding the genetic basis of individual variation in drug response. Many drugs, including some tricyclic antidepressants (eg, desipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline) and propafenone, are metabolized by this pathway.<sup>1</sup>About 7% of the population is markedly deficient in this enzyme. Prescribing these tricyclic antidepressants for patients who have this enzyme deficiency can lead to high levels of the drugs and toxic effects at
THE DESPISED OFFICE OF MOTHERHOOD.
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coagulation, Hemorrhage and Thrombosis
Authors: Benjamin Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

Clinical ConsiderationsThe physician is thoroughly aware that prothrombinopenia causes retarded thrombin formation (elevated prothrombin time), which can result in hemorrhagic phenomena. Likewise, deficiency of accelerator globulin or of serum prothrombin conversion accelerator causes hemostatic disability. More significantly, the clinical manifestations of all these disorders are practically identical. This is not surprising since each leads to inadequate thrombin elaboration. Details may be obtained from certain exhaustive clinicolaboratory studies.43,44,144 This newer knowledge permits reclassification (Table 3) of the general hypoprothrombinemias into two major groups — true hypoprothrombinemia and pseudohypoprothrombinemia. The cardinal laboratory abnormality common to all, and serving to distinguish these . . .
Lack of awareness and treatment of hyperlipidemia in type II diabetes in a community survey
Authors: M. P. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and death among patients with type II (non—insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Moreover, hyperlipidemia is also common among these patients. Despite this, there are virtually no data regarding the level of awareness and treatment of hyperlipidemia among diabetic subjects at the community level. We therefore examined 374 Mexican-Americans and 86 non-Hispanic whites with type II diabetes identified in an epidemiologic survey that involved 3279 Mexican-Americans and 1847 non-Hispanic whites who resided in San Antonio, Tex. More than 40% of the diabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and an additional 23% had hypertriglyceridemia and/or low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. By contrast, less than one fourth of the nondiabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic. Only approximately 25% of non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were aware of their hyperlipidemia, and less than 10% were receiving treatment. Awareness and treatment were even less frequent among Mexican-Americans with diabetes. Community physicians should be encouraged to give early attention to the management of lipid disorders in their diabetic patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:360-364)