tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer and alcohol consumption. A study in weak associations
Authors: R. E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A total of 1467 cases of women with breast cancer and 10178 sex- and agematched hospital controls were examined for alcohol consumption and other potential risk factors. Effects of risk factors were assessed by odds ratios, and adjustment was made for confounding variables by using stratified analyses and logistic regression. Several factors were found to influence alcohol consumption, including age, religion, education, occupation, marital status, body mass, and cigarette smoking. Lean women (Quetelet index, &lt;22) had elevated unadjusted odds ratios for breast cancer of 2.10, 1.71, and 1.41 associated with consuming less than 5, 5 to 15, and more than 15 g of alcohol per day, respectively. However, this pattern is not consistent with a dose response, and adjustment for a risk profile of confounding factors, including education and occupation (which are strong correlates of age at first pregnancy and parity), reduced these estimates to 1.40, 1.24, and 0.87, none of which differs significantly from 1.0. Among all subgroups, the odds ratios adjusted for pertinent confounders and interactions fluctuated randomly about 0.94 and showed no consistent trend with increasing alcohol consumption. While these results do not entirely rule out a weak association between breast cancer and alcohol in certain subgroups, neither do they provide compelling evidence that alcohol has a role in the genesis of this malignancy. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2867-2871)
Imprinted Genes as Potential Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicologic Targets
Authors: Susan K. Murphy, Randy L. Jirtle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon in eutherian mammals that results in the differential expression of the paternally and maternally inherited alleles of a gene.Imprinted genes are necessary for normal mammalian development.This requirement has been proposed to have evolved because of an interparental genetic battle for the utilization of maternal resources during gestation and postnatally.The nonrandom requisite for monoallelic expression of a subset of genes has also resulted in the formation of susceptibility loci for neurobehavioral disorders, developmental disorders, and cancer.Since imprinting involves both cytosine methylation within CpG islands and changes in chromatin structure, imprinted genes are potential targets for dysregulation by epigenetic toxicants that modify DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
Primary and secondary prevention services in clinical practice. Twenty years' experience in development, implementation, and evaluation
Authors: R. S. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This article reviews lessons from 20 years of experience in development and provision of clinical preventive services at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, a large health maintenance organization. Critical factors for enhancing service include the use of a population-based epidemiologic viewpoint coupled with specific evidence-based criteria to examine issues; involvement of practitioners in the process; a systems approach to implementation focused on predisposing factors of the practitioners and enabling factors in the practice, organizational, and community environments; feedback of program outcomes; and the use of automated clinical information systems. Outcome results from our clinical prevention efforts include a 32% decrease in late-stage breast cancer (1989 to 1990); 89% of 2-year-old children with complete immunizations (1994); decrease in adult smokers from 25% to 17% (1985 to 1994); and an increase in bicycle safety helmet use among children from 4% to 48% along with a 67% decrease in bicycle-related head injuries (1987 to 1992). Systematic population-based approaches to the development and provision of clinical preventive services targeting the one-to-one level of primary care and multiple infrastructure levels of care are forging a synthesis of clinical medicine and public health approaches. This approach will become pervasive as clinical information systems improve, risk information is captured routinely, and practitioners gain skills in the art of patient risk behavior change and population-based care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1130-1135)
Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation
Journal: JAMA (1946)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Scientific Exhibit
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Managing Malignant Hyperthermia
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chinese Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SI units for clinical laboratory data
Authors: D. S. Young
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The International System of Units (SI) has not yet been accepted by American physicians because of reluctance to convert to a new system and the corresponding need for relearning. The impetus to introduce the SI came from European laboratory scientists; the system was later accepted (not always enthusiastically) by physicians after the same objections now voiced by their US counterparts were overcome. Now that many American laboratory scientists are actively studying and assessing the benefits of SI, we may have begun the chain of events that will lead to general acceptance by physicians in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1618-1621, 1978)
Volumetric Neural Correlates of Antisaccade Eye Movements in First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Ulrich Ettinger, Veena Kumari, Xavier A. Chitnis, Philip J. Corr, Trevor J. Crawford, Dominic G. Fannon, Séamus O’Ceallaigh, Alex L. Sumich, Victor C. Doku, Tonmoy Sharma
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the structural brain correlates of antisaccade performance. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the volumes of the prefrontal, premotor, sensorimotor, and occipitoparietal cortices as well as the caudate, thalamus, cerebellar vermis, and cerebrum in 20 first-episode psychosis patients and 18 healthy comparison subjects. Antisaccades were recorded by using infrared oculography. RESULTS: Groups significantly differed in terms of antisaccade error rate and amplitude gain and tended to differ in terms of latency but not brain region volumes. Premotor cortex volume predicted antisaccade error rate among comparison subjects. In the patient group, caudate volume was related to latency and amplitude gain. Negative symptoms, independent of structural volumes, predicted error rate. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to altered structure-function relationships in first-episode psychosis.
Expression of Cocaine-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity by GluN3A-Containing NMDA Receptors
Authors: Tifei Yuan, Manuel Mameli, Eoin C. O’Connor, Partha Narayan Dey, Chiara Verpelli, Carlo Sala, Isabel Perez-Otano, Christian Lüscher, Camilla Bellone
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Error in End Matter
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Angela Lumba-Brown, MD; Keith Owen Yeates, PhD; Kelly Sarmiento, MPH; Matthew J. Breiding, PhD; Tamara M. Haegerich, PhD; Gerard A. Gioia, PhD; Michael Turner, MD; Edward C. Benzel, MD; Stacy J. Suskauer, MD; Christopher C. Giza, MD; Madeline Joseph, MD; Catherine Broomand, PhD; Barbara Weissman, MD; Wayne Gordon, PhD; David W. Wright, MD; Rosemarie Scolaro Moser, PhD; Karen McAvoy, PhD; Linda Ewing-Cobbs, PhD; Ann-Christine Duhaime, MD; Margot Putukian, MD; Barbara Holshouser, PhD; David Paulk, EdD; Shari L. Wade, PhD; Stanley A. Herring, MD; Mark Halstead, MD; Heather T. Keenan, MD, PhD; Meeryo Choe, MD; Cindy W. Christian, MD; Kevin Guskiewicz, PhD, ATC; P. B. Raksin, MD; Andrew Gregory, MD; Anne Mucha, PT, DPT; H. Gerry Taylor, PhD; James M. Callahan, MD; John DeWitt, PT, DPT, ATC; Michael W. Collins, PhD; Michael W. Kirkwood, PhD; John Ragheb, MD; Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD; T. J. Spinks, MD; Theodore G. Ganiats, MD; Linda J. Sabelhaus, MLS; Katrina Altenhofen, MPH; Rosanne Hoffman, MPH; Tom Getchius; Gary Gronseth, MD; Zoe Donnell, MA; Robert E. O’Connor, MD, MPH; Shelly D. Timmons, MD, PhD
Abstract 2741: Comprehensive molecular profiling of primary tumors and paired distant metastases in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Won-Chul Lee, Daniel Gomez, Jianhua Zhang, Alexandre Reuben, Ali Jalali, Whijae Roh, Chia Chin Wu, Wei Lu, Chi-Wan Chow, Junya Fujimoto, Mara Antonoff, Cesar Moran, Erik Sulman, Ganesh Rao, Stephen Swisher, John Heymach, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Andrew Futreal, Jianjun Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Despite complete resection, many non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients still develop and succumb to distant metastases, which is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving metastasis is rudimentary. We performed whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), methylation microarray, and immunohistochemistry using multiple immune markers on 8 pairs of NSCLC primary tumors and matched distant metastases including 7 metachronous brain and 1 synchronous liver metastases. On average, 60% of all somatic mutations (22% to 90%) and 86% of canonical cancer gene mutations were shared between primary tumors and paired distant metastases. Metastases also resembled paired primary tumors closely in regard to their mutational spectrum, copy number aberrations, allelic imbalance, and methylation profiles. Genomic aberrations unique to metastases were rather patient-specific than commonly observed across multiple patients. Of particular interest, subclonal architecture analysis suggested that monoclonal metastatic seeding is a prevalent mode of metastasis in NSCLC. We validated these findings in a large published dataset consisting of 38 pairs of primary lung tumors and matched distant metastases. RNA-seq showed gene expression profiles in metastases were similar to those of paired primary tumors. Metastases commonly up-regulated metabolism-associated pathways and down-regulated immune-related pathways, consistent with the immunohistochemical staining data for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, PD1, and PD-L1. Our data suggest that distant metastasis is a late event during carcinogenesis and that a majority of genomic and epigenetic aberrations occur before metastatic outgrowth. While molecular mechanisms underlying postsurgical distant metastasis seem to be variable among NSCLC patients, immune suppression may be a common characteristic of cancer cells with metastatic plasticity. Citation Format: Won-Chul Lee, Daniel Gomez, Jianhua Zhang, Alexandre Reuben, Ali Jalali, Whijae Roh, Chia Chin Wu, Wei Lu, Chi-Wan Chow, Junya Fujimoto, Mara Antonoff, Cesar Moran, Erik Sulman, Ganesh Rao, Stephen Swisher, John Heymach, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Andrew Futreal, Jianjun Zhang. Comprehensive molecular profiling of primary tumors and paired distant metastases in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2741.
Cord Serum Cotinine as a Biomarker of Fetal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke at the End of Pregnancy
Authors: Simona Pichini, Xavier Basagana, Roberta Pacifici, Oscar Garcia, Carmen Puig, Oriol Vall, Jessica Harris, Piergiorgio Zuccaro, Jordi Segura, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

This study investigated the association between biomarkers of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy, cotinine in cord serum and in maternal and newborn urine samples, and quantitative measurement of smoking intake and exposure evaluated by maternal self-reported questionnaire. Study subjects were 429 mothers and their newborns from a hospital in Barcelona, Spain. A questionnaire including smoking habits was completed in the third trimester of pregnancy and on the day of delivery. Cotinine concentration in cord serum was associated with daily exposure to nicotine in nonsmokers and with daily nicotine intake in smokers. The geometric mean of cotinine concentration in cord serum statistically discriminated between newborns from nonexposed and exposed nonsmoking mothers, and between these two classes and smokers, and furthermore was able to differentiate levels of exposure to tobacco smoke and levels of intake stratified in tertiles. Urinary cotinine levels in newborns from nonsmoking mothers exposed to more than 4 mg nicotine daily were statistically different from levels in two other categories of exposure. Cotinine concentration in urine from newborns and from mothers did not differentiate between exposure and nonexposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in nonsmoking mothers. Cord serum cotinine appeared to be the most adequate biomarker of fetal exposure to smoking at the end of pregnancy, distinguishing not only active smoking from passive smoking, but also exposure to ETS from nonexposure.
Landmark article (JAMA 1911;56:198). Transmission of a malignant new growth by means of a cell-free filtrate. By Peyton Rous
Authors: P. Rous
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A tumor of the chicken, histologically a spindle-celled sarcoma, has been propagated in this laboratory since October, 1909,<sup>1</sup>and in the past few months has developed extreme malignancy.<sup>2</sup>From a bit inoculated into the breast muscle of a susceptible fowl there develops rapidly a large, firm growth; metastasis takes place to the viscera; and within four to five weeks often the host dies. The behavior of the new growth has been throughout that of a true neoplasm, for which reason the fact of its transmission by means of a cell-free filtrate assumes exceptional importance. <h3>EXPERIMENTS</h3> For the first experiments on the point use was made of ordinary filter-paper and the ground tumor suspended in Ringer's solution. It was supposed that the slight paper barrier, which allows the passage of a few red blood-cells and lymphocytes, would suffice to hold back the tumor and render the filtrate innocuous. Such
Human Ostrich
Authors: J. C. McMullin
Journal: BMJ (1951)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Grand efforts in neuroscience are working toward mapping the connectomes of many new species, including the near completion of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. It is important to ask whether these models could benefit artificial intelligence. In this work we ask two fundamental questions: (1) where and when biological connectomes can provide use in machine learning, (2) which design principles are necessary for extracting a good representation of the connectome. Toward this end, we translate the motor circuit of the <i>C. Elegans</i> nematode into artificial neural networks at varying levels of biophysical realism and evaluate the outcome of training these networks on motor and non-motor behavioral tasks. We demonstrate that biophysical realism need not be upheld to attain the advantages of using biological circuits. We also establish that, even if the exact wiring diagram is not retained, the architectural statistics provide a valuable prior. Finally, we show that while the <i>C. Elegans</i> locomotion circuit provides a powerful inductive bias on locomotion problems, its structure may hinder performance on tasks unrelated to locomotion such as visual classification problems.
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol. 67, No. 18
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

In the report "Access to Syringe Services Programs -Kentucky, North Carolina, and West Virginia, 2013-2017," on page 529, the second sentence should have read "In combination with medication-assisted treatment, syringe services programs (SSPs) providing sufficient access to safe injection equipment can reduce the risk for hepatitis C acquisition by 74% (2)."
Hallux valgus
Authors: R. Choa, R. Sharp, K. R. Mahtani
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 52 year old woman consults you because she is worried about the shape of her feet. She mentions that over the past few months her shoes have become increasingly uncomfortable, and she was finding it hard to replace them with better fitting ones. On examination you note bilateral hallux valgus. Bilateral hallux valgus. Right foot shows second toe pushed up and dislocated by big toe
STATE BOARD EXAMINATIONS AND MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COMBINATIONS OF MEDICAL MEN.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bendamustine and Rituximab Combination Is Safe and Effective As Salvage Regimen in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Alessandra Tedeschi, Giulia Benevolo, Gloria Casaluci Margiotta, Simone Ferrero, Paola Picardi, Marzia Varettoni, Claudia Baratè, Marina Motta, Guido Gini, Maria Cecilia Goldaniga, Carlo Visco, Francesco Zaja, Valeria Belsito Petrizzi, Erika Ravelli, Massimo Gentile, Marina Urbano, Silvia Franceschetti, Lorella Orsucci, Annamaria Frustaci, Paola Riccomagno, Paola Ghione, Gianluca Gaidano, Umberto Vitolo, Enrica Morra
Journal: Blood (2014)