tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of blood pressure and blood pressure response to orthostatic stress: are the same genes involded in both traits?
Authors: Roger M. Siervogel, Stefan A. Czerwinski, Leah M. Maynard, Alexander F. Wilson, Ellen E. Demerath, Shumei S. Guo, Nikki Rogers, Bradford Towne
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P20 Aim: Our aim was to investigate genetic involvement in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) responses to orthostatic stress.Methods: Data from 453 members of 4 large kindreds, each ascertained through a white male with essential hypertension, were used. Blood pressures were measured seated, supine (SBP mean = 111mmHg and DBP mean = 68 mmHg), and at 1-, 2- and 3- minutes of 70-degree head-up tilt. A variance components analytical approach implemented in the SOLAR statistical genetic analytical package was used. Sex, age and age squared were covariates in all of the models. Bivariate analyses were conducted to examine pleiotropy between supine blood pressures with those at 1-, 2-, and 3-minutes of tilt. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate different genetic models. Results: For SBP the covariates explained 10 to 15 percent of the phenotypic variance. Significant heritabilities were observed for seated and supine blood pressures; e.g., 0.29 and 0.31 respectively for SBP. Blood pressures resulting from the baroreceptor reflex response to arterial pressure change induced by tilt had comparable heritabilities; e.g., at 1-, 2- and 3-minutes post-tilt they were 0.24, 0.29, and 0.36, respectively for SPB. Similarly, the blood pressure response, the change in blood pressure from supine to tilt, had modest heritabilities of 0.08 (n.s.), 0.16, and 0.19 respectively for SBP, and 0.13, 0.08 (n.s.), and 0.16 for DBP. For both SBP and DBP, the bivariate models testing for pleotropy between the supine pressure and the pressure at each minute of tilt showed that there was no evidence for differential gene expression for blood pressure in these two conditions. Conclusions: Resting levels of blood pressure, the levels reached in response to orthostatic stress, and the actual change in blood pressure resulting from that stress are heritable. The genes that are involved in establishing the control of resting supine blood pressure do not differ from those that are involved in mediating the first 3 minutes of blood pressure response to an orthostatic stress of 70-degree head-up tilt (i.e., there is complete pleiotropy for these traits).
Reliability and predictive value of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database nomenclature and grading system for cellular rejection of liver allografts
Authors: A. Jake Demetris, Eric C. Seaberg, Kenneth P. Batts, Linda D. Ferrell, Jurgen Ludwig, Rodney S. Markin, Steven H. Belle, Katherine Detre
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Pathologists participating in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplant Database (LTD) created a histopathological grading system for acute liver allograft rejection, and tested it first for inter- and intra-rater reliability among a group of five pathologists experienced in liver and transplantation pathology. Specimens from post-transplantation biopsies from 48 patients with rejection, hepatitis, or other diagnosis(es) were reviewed. There was moderate to good (kappa = 0.40 to 0.55) inter-rater and good (kappa = 0.55 to 0.58) intrarater agreement for the diagnosis and exact grading of mild, moderate, or severe acute rejection, which improved when a short clinical history was provided. Thus, the scheme was reproducible, and few of the disagreements among the pathologists would have affected treatment decisions. Secondly, the ability of the grading system to predict an unfavorable short- or long-term outcome from the initial histopathological diagnosis of cellular rejection was tested on groups of 168 and 133 patients, respectively, from the three LTD clinical centers, who were followed up for at least 6 months after the first onset of rejection. This analysis showed that a higher histopathological grade of acute rejection on first biopsy diagnosis was significantly associated (P ≤ .006) with both an unfavorable short-term outcome, defined by failure of the episode to resolve within 21 days or the need for aggressive immunosuppressive treatment, and a long-term outcome defned by death or retransplantation from rejection within 6 months of onset. Lastly, an analysis was performed to determine whether subjective rejection grading by the pathologist or certain "objective" histopathological features identified by logistic regression modeling were more accurate in predicting an unfavorable outcome. The sensitivity (.86 vs. .71), specificity (.68 vs. .75), positive predictive value (.13 vs. .14), and negative predictive value (.99 vs. .98) for predicting an unfavorable long-term outcome (allograft loss from rejection within 6 months of onset) were similar for both prediction methods, although the comparison favored the logistic regression model. The low positive predictive value of both methods was attributed to the current immunosuppressive agents, which are highly effective in the prevention of liver allograft failure from acute rejection, and the difficulty in separating rejection grading from staging. To our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to evaluate both the reproducibility and predictive value of a histopathological grading system for allograft rejection, using multiple pathologists and patients from more than one center. (HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:408–416.)
OC-060 A clinically applicable three gene signature is independently highly prognostic in oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma
Authors: C J Peters, J R E Rees, J S Hardwick, S L Vowler, C J Ong, C Zhang, V Save, M O'Donovan, D Rassl, C Caldas, D Alderson, R H Hardwick, R C Fitzgerald
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma has increased sixfold in the last 30 years and 5-year survival remains &lt;14%. Most patients present with advanced disease and current staging is limited in its ability to predict survival. We aimed to generate and externally validate a molecular prognostic signature for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. <h3>Methods</h3> Gene expression profiling was performed and the resulting 42 000 gene signatures correlated with clinical features for 91 snap frozen oesophageal and junctional resection specimens. External validation of selected targets was carried out on 371 independent cases using immunohistochemistry to maximise clinical applicability. <h3>Results</h3> Gene expression profiles were obtained from 75/91 of the samples (82%). 119 genes were significantly associated with survival and 270 genes with the number of involved lymph nodes. Ten of these genes were taken forward to external validation at the protein level. Three genes were prognostic in the external validation data set (TRIM44, SIRT2 and PAPSS2). Patients with dysregulation of none of these three genes had a significantly better outcome (5-year survival 48%) than those with dysregulation of one gene (5-year survival 29%), who in turn did better than those with two or more genes dysregulated (5-year survival 15%) (p=0.004). The three gene signature was independently prognostic in a multivariable model together with the existing clinical TNM staging system (p=0.003). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have generated and externally validated an immunohistochemical prognostic gene signature which is independently highly prognostic in an external validation data set. In addition these three genes are possible therapeutic targets raising the possibility of personalised therapy based on a patient9s molecular prognostic signature. Our three gene signature is suitable for application in routine clinical practice and this study may provide a framework for similar future projects.
A definition of irreversible coma. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urinary sodium balance in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to quantitative parameters of liver function.
Authors: G Wensing
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The relationship between the impairment in hepatic and renal function in cirrhosis has not been well established. This study investigated urinary sodium excretion in comparison with quantitative parameters of liver function in 75 patients with various degrees of cirrhosis kept on a constant salt diet of 120 mmol/d for 5 days before the start of the study. The aminopyrine breath test (ABT), indocyanine green (ICG) elimination, galactose elimination capacity (GEC), and hepatic sorbitol elimination (HSE) served as quantitative parameters of liver function. Results for the quantitative tests were compared with those for the Child-Pugh score. Urinary sodium excretion showed a significant nonlinear relationship to ABT (r = .70; P < .0001). Less-significant correlations were observed for ICG (r = .60), the Child-Pugh score (r = -.57), GEC (r = .44), and HSE (r = .34). Because a number of significant correlations were observed between the different liver function tests, multivariate analysis was used to further elucidate the relationship between hepatic function and sodium excretion. Only one independent predictor of urinary sodium excretion could be identified, and that was the ABT (P < .02). More than half of the nonascitic patients showed a urinary sodium excretion of less than 80% of dietary sodium intake, indicating impaired renal sodium handling in preascitic cirrhosis. Based on the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ABT of nonascitic patients with normal (mean ABT 0.56% dose x kg/mmol CO2; 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.69) and reduced urinary sodium excretion (mean ABT 0.26% dose x kg/mmol CO2; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.35), a threshold level of ABT of about 0.4 (% dose x kg/mmol CO2) for conservation of normal urinary sodium excretion in cirrhosis can be defined. This ABT value reflects an approximate 50% reduction in function compared with the mean of cirrhotic patients with normal liver and kidney function (0.81% dose x kg/mmol CO2). The presence of ascites was also associated with a reduction in ABT to below 0.4 (% dose x kg/mmol CO2), while, for all other parameters, either the cut-off point was close to the lower limit of normal or no cut-off level could be detected. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide further evidence that the impairment in urinary sodium excretion in cirrhosis is related to hepatic function. The data suggest a nonlinear relationship. Because ABT has been shown to reflect functional hepatocellular mass, the occurrence of sodium retention and ascites appears to be related to a threshold of an approximate 50% reduction in functional liver cell mass. (Hepatology 1997 Nov;26(5):1149-55)
HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION IN CANCER
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulse
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac transplantation in man. I. Early rejection
Authors: E. B. Stinson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Four episodes of early graft rejection have occurred in three patients following cardiac transplantation. In each, electrocardiographic abnormalities preceded the onset of overt cardiac failure. These included diminished voltage, right axis deviation, atrial arrhythmias, and first-degree heart block progressing to nodal rhythm. Vectorcardiograms showed decreased total spatial magnitude with rejection. Early clinical changes included fatigue, low exercise tolerance, tachycardia, and diastolic gallop rhythm. With overt cardiac failure, signs of low cardiac output developed followed by systemic venous congestion. Two patients were treated successfully with dactinomycin, high intravenous doses of methylprednisolone, and heparin sodium. The third died of pneumonia following therapy. Our experience to date supports the ECG as the most sensitive and reliable monitor of cardiac rejection. Clinical and physiological observations suggest myocardial restriction as the primary functional lesion in rejecting heart transplants.
Security of personal information in a new health care system
Authors: R. W. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Gostin et al<sup>1</sup>offer to add patient privacy protection to the Clinton nationalized medicine proposal.<sup>2</sup>The authors say the issue is one of competing interests: "all participants" in nationalized medicine "need access to high-quality information for informed decision making," while individual patients "must have confidence" that their private information "is adequately protected." The discussion clarifies the major assumptions. The government is a key participant. A government computer network will provide high-quality data. Only certain kinds of data deserve privacy, eg, sexual disease or drug abuse history, embarrassing facts, and other health information that might affect employment, insurance, and housing options. Privacy protection means patients may give informed consent to allow legitimate uses of private data. The federal government becomes the all-knowing protector of everyone's health and privacy. The authors' privacy protection plan would enact a federal "code of fair information practices," assign universal identifying numbers
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 5(11) November 2008
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

This month's editorial (PLoS Medicine Editors, e235) discusses the role of donor-supported food aid, as shown in this photo, in addressing the global malnutrition crisis. The editorial was stimulated by a recent international meeting in New York City on preventing and treating childhood malnutrition, organized by Columbia University's Institute for Human Nutrition and the humanitarian organization Médecins sans Frontières. The meeting called on the international community to urgently deliver more food aid, of better quality, to prevent and treat malnutrition in the highest-burden areas. The PLoS Medicine editors argue that "such an emergency measure is clearly needed to bring down death rates as quickly as possible-but it is not a sufficient long term approach to the global malnutrition crisis." They also argue that the dialogue on addressing malnutrition must "extend beyond the immediate context of food delivery to the broader sociopolitical sphere." Image Credit: Image by New Ways Merka at Wikimedia (http://commons.wikimedia.org/)
Development of personalised human immunocompetent ex vivo models of primary and secondary liver cancers using precision cut tissue slice technology
Authors: Ewald Doornebal, Nicola Harris, Helen Cooksley, Michail Pizanias, Rosa Miquel, Yoh Zen, Ane Zamalloa, Melissa Preziosi, Nigel Heaton, Andreas Prachalias, Krishna Menon, Roger Williams, Elena Palma, Raj Srirajaskanthan, Shilpa Chokshi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Physician's Pocket Account Book.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preferential HLA-DRB1*11 Dependent Presentation of CUB2 Derived Peptides by ADAMTS13 Pulsed Dendritic Cells
Authors: Nicoletta Sorvillo, Simon D. van Haren, Paul H. Kaijen, Anja ten Brinke, Rob Fijnheer, Alexander B. Meijer, Jan Voorberg
Journal: Blood (2012)
Factors Affecting the Response of Lung Clearance Systems to Acid Aerosols: Role of Exposure Concentration, Exposure Time, and Relative Acidity
Authors: Richard B. Schlesinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The ability of the lungs to clear deposited material is essential for maintenance of lung homeostasis. Acid aerosols have been shown to alter the efficiency of this process. This paper assesses the role of acid aerosol exposure concentration (C), exposure time (T), and relative acidity in producing changes in clearance from both the tracheobronchial tree and respiratory region of the lungs of rabbits. The response was found to be due to total exposure, i.e., some combination form of C x T, and was also related to relative acidity.
DRGs: myths and money
Authors: M. G. Jameson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The health care quality improvement initiative. A new approach to quality assurance in Medicare
Authors: S. F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THIS ARTICLE describes how the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) is reshaping its approach to improving care for Medicare beneficiaries. The goal of the Health Care Quality Improvement Initiative (HCQII) is to move from dealing with individual clinical errors to helping providers to improve the mainstream of care. Such a reform implies profound changes. First, the processes and criteria for review change: instead of having clinicians use essentially intuitive local criteria to find problems in individual cases, peer review organizations (PROs) will use explicit, more nationally uniform criteria to For editorial comment see p 917. examine patterns of care and patterns of outcomes. Second, the immediate objective changes: PROs will focus primarily on persistent differences between the observed and the achievable in both care and outcomes and less on occasional, unusual deficiencies in care. Third, the ultimate method changes: PROs will help providers identify problems and their solutions by monitoring