tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative Observations on Inorganic and Organic Lead Neurotoxicity
Authors: M. Anthony Verity
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Environmental and occupational exposure to lead still generates concern, and recent studies have focused such concern on the role of body burden of lead during the fetal/neonatal period, especially in the genesis of disturbed central nervous system development. This discussion provides some comparative observations on the neurotoxicity of inorganic and organic lead species. The characteristics acute, predominantly cerebellar encephalopathy associated with neonatal high lead exposure contrasts to the subtle, axo-dendritic disorganization shown to be associated with low-level neonatal inorganic Pb2+ exposure. There is a preferential involvement of the hippocampus in both low-level inorganic Pb2+ and organolead exposure, and the clinical syndromes of irritability, hyperactivity, aggression, and seizures are common features of disturbed hippocampal function. Neurotransmitter system abnormalities have been described with inorganic Pb2+, but recent attention has focused on the abnormalities in glutamate, dopamine and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake, efflux, and metabolism. Abnormalities of GABA and glutamate metabolism are also found with the organolead species. While the pathogenesis is still unclear, the interactive role of Pb2+ on mitochondrial energy metabolism, Ca2+ uptake, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and neurotransmitter influx/efflux is considered. Consideration is given to low-dose inorganic Pb2+ and organolead effects on mitochondrial and/or plasmalemmal membranes inducing either Cl-/OH- antiport-linked depolarization, inhibition of intracellular ATP biosynthesis and transduction. and/or abnormalities induced due to the preferential affinity of Pb2+ for intracellular Ca2(+)-cytoplasmic protein, e.g. calmodulin. Testable hypotheses are presented that may provide an understanding of the pathogenesis underlying dystrophic neuronal development under the influence of inorganic or organolead intoxication.
Family Reunion
Authors: None Roger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Dear Dad, When you and your three siblings reunite next month, I expect you'll reminisce about your families and reflect on some of the changes that have occurred in the world during your life. Because I have worked in the field of population growth and reproductive health for most of my professional career, I'd like to share some simple statistics with you. In 1905, the year of your birth, the world's population was 1.7 billion and growing by about 9 million per year. Today, in 1985, the world's population is 4.8 billion and growing by 78 million per year. Actuarial tables put your current life expectancy at 86 years, which suggests you will live to 1991; the world population then will total 5.4 billion and be growing yearly by 92 million. If you live to celebrate your 100th birthday, in 2005, the world population is expected to reach 6.6 billion—
Effect of routine controlled cord traction as part of the active management of the third stage of labour on postpartum haemorrhage: multicentre randomised controlled trial (TRACOR)
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Effect of routine controlled cord traction as part of the active management of the third stage of labour on postpartum haemorrhage: multicentre randomised controlled trial (TRACOR)In table 3 of this Research paper by Catherine Deneux-Tharaux and colleagues (BMJ 2013;346:f1541, doi:10.1136/bmj.f1541)the quantitative variables were shown as standard errors [not standard deviations, as stated].For controlled cord traction and standard placenta expulsion, the correct values are, respectively: 175 and 164 for mean blood loss at 15 minutes (mL), 230 and 267 for mean total blood loss (mL), 12.9 and 12.7 for mean peripartum change in haemoglobin (g/L), 3.9 and 3.8 for mean peripartum change in haematocrit (%), and 4.6 and 6.9 for mean duration of third stage (min).
STREPTOTRICHOSIS
Authors: Maurice Kovnat
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —InThe Journal, January 28, is a communication from Dr. Robert N. Nye of Boston in which he takes certain exceptions to the article on streptotrichosis by Dr. Mezei and myself (The Journal, Dec. 10, 1932). Some of his criticisms are well founded; others are characteristic of the recent confusion on the subject. His first contention, that fungi are widely distributed in nature and are often harmless saprophytes, no one will deny. This is true also of some of the higher bacteria. That the medical literature abounds with reports of cases of diseases in which the alleged primary etiologic factor is in many instances probably a harmless saprophyte and in others a secondary invader is hardly to the point in his discussion of our case. His comment that "the case is most interesting and its report certainly warranted" and our own close study of the clinical course
Treatment patterns of advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer following platinum-based therapy in the US real-world setting.
Authors: Andrew J. Klink, Leslie DeMars, Joice Huang, Eric M. Maiese, Bruce A. Feinberg, Jean Hurteau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e18036 Background: Following disease progression on or after primary (1L) platinum-based therapy (PBT) for advanced/recurrent (A/R) endometrial cancer (EC), patient (pt) prognosis is poor and no consensus on standard second-line therapy exists. This retrospective analysis aimed to understand real-world (RW) treatment patterns of pts with A/R mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) EC who progressed after 1L PBT. Methods: Physicians in Cardinal Health’s Oncology Provider Extended Network submitted retrospective data by abstracting outpatient electronic medical records of pts who received systemic treatment for A/R EC following PBT from 2016 to 2018. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments received, and outcomes were summarized descriptively. Results: This study included 84 pts with A/R dMMR/MSI-H EC (table). The majority of participating physicians were hematologists/medical oncologists (80%) and practiced in the community setting (70%). Median duration of therapy (mDOT) in 1L was 4.9 months (95% CI, 4.47–5.57); 64% of pts discontinued treatment due to therapy completion and 35% due to disease progression. In contrast, mDOT in 2L was 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.40–6.37); 37% of pts discontinued treatment due to therapy completion and 44% due to disease progression. The most common MMR/MSI testing modalities were next-generation sequencing (NGS) only, immunohistochemistry (IHC) only, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) only (table). Conclusions: RW treatment patterns in pts with A/R dMMR/MSI-H EC show that most will undergo PBT retreatment. However, progression is the main reason for discontinuation during retreatment. An urgent need exists for durable therapies that improve prognosis. Opportunities to improve timely testing of MMR/MSI exist. [Table: see text]
Chemistry of Carcinogenic Metals
Authors: Arthur E. Martell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The periodic distribution of known and suspected carcinogenic metal ions is described, and the chemical behavior of various types of metal ions is explained in terms of the general theory of hard and soft acids and bases. The chelate effect is elucidated, and the relatively high stability of metal chelates in very dilute solutions is discussed. The concepts employed for the chelate effect are extended to explain the high stabilities of macrocyclic and cryptate complexes. Procedures for the use of equilibrium data to determine the speciation of metal ions and complexes under varying solution conditions are described. Methods for assessing the interferences by hydrogen ion, competing metal ions, hydrolysis, and precipitation are explained, and are applied to systems containing iron(III) chelates of fourteen chelating agents designed for effective binding of the ferric ion. The donor groups available for the building up of multidentate ligands are presented, and the ways in which they may be combined to achieve high affinity and selectivity for certain types of metal ions are explained.
Reports of Societies
Authors: John Everidge
Journal: BMJ (1932)

ABRITSHAL 753prostatic subjects I regard the following as being factors -more likely to procure a favourable outcome (in addition to the universal precautions to be taken in every prostate case, too well known to require mention just now).(1) At least a week's pre-operative preparation-thus allowing the bowel to be einptied gradually and so avoiding the necessity for drastic purgation in the forty-eight hours preceding operation-and the establishment of a suitable diet, including glucose.(2) A two-stage prostatectomy.(3) The careful choice of an anaesthetic.For the first stage gas and oxygen suffice, and for the second, nerve blocking of the rectus abdominis with 1/2 per cent.novo- cain, and sufficient gas and oxygen, with perhaps a small amount of ether, to procure unconsciousness.(4) The routine post-operative use of a repeated injection of atropine and strychnine to dry up respiratory secretion, and thus to prevent pulmonary complications, as well as to act as a cardiac stimulant.( 5) Meticulous precautions against any loss of blood.In the two- stage operation a haemostatic bag appears to present advantages over the other agents.This need not be inflated, but is introduced as a precautionary measure and retained in situ for four days, and can be distended or drawn upon if occasion arises.The case quoted is the oldest in my series.My youngest, aged 43, from whom I removed a prostate as large as a tangerine orange, eventually made a good recovery, but during his convalescence gave actually as much cause for anxiety as the nonagenarian, if not more.It is interesting to note that the mean age of these two cases is 69, a figure given as the average for prostatic subjects who seek advice.
Tenth Annual Report of the State Board of Health of Illinois.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Le diabète sucré son traitement.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Partial albinism
Authors: D. E. Comings
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Partial albinism, an autosomal dominant defect of dorsal skin with primarily ventral albinism, was observed in a family of six generations. There were 24 affected members, three of whom also had heterochromia. Electron-microscope studies demonstrated the absence of melanocytes and presence of Langerhans' cells in the albinotic skin, an increase of melanin granules in the hyperpigmented borders, and normal histologic appearance of the normally pigmented skin. These features could be explained either by incomplete migration of melanoblasts to the ventral midline, or by a defect in differentiation of ventral melanoblasts. The presence of similar electron-microscope findings in acquired vitiligo, the probable relationship of Langerhans' cells to melanocytes, and the transplantation studies of piebald spotting in mice all tend to favor a genetic defect in melanoblast differentiation.
&lt;TITLE&gt;Doctor's Orders!&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Lise Stevens, Cassio Lynm, Richard Glass
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA.The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis.For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician.This page may be reproduced noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients.Any other reproduction is subject to AMA approval.
Oesophageal disease
Authors: C Fontolliet, J Ollyo, E Brossard, P Monnier, M Savary
Journal: Gut (1994)

patients with cancer of the cardia/fundus and in 1/2 of the antral cancers.Five years survival was 10% for both sexes in cancer of the cardia.The reason for the change of pattern is unknown.It has been claimed that A27
The medical management of angina pectoris
Authors: O. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The availability of excellent short-acting and long-acting drugs for the treatment of angina pectoris needs to be emphasized. Properly used in conjunction with other measures such as the treatment of hypertension and a graded exercise routine, they provide, for most patients with angina, a tested therapeutic program that is remarkably effective, well-tolerated, appropriate for long-term outpatient use, and quite inexpensive. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1847-1848, 1977)
Environmental Health
Authors: John R. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1972)

We have needed a modern textbook treating the relationships between man's environment and his health, and Purdom's compendium is an excellent response. It has contemporary essays on most of the important problems but avoids most of the contemporary controversy. It is an excellent introduction to the several subjects which are treated, but it will leave the experts in any of these fields, including those in medicine, feeling somewhat let down. Its major purpose is to provide an introductory textbook and not to provide definitive information. In this respect, it succeeds. There are sections on disease vectors; on food, with primary emphasis on sanitation and relatively little on the nutrition; on water and waste water; on air as a priceless resource; on solid waste; on ionizing radiation; on environmental control; on the occupational environment; on housing and the residential environment; and on accident prevention. These special sections are sandwiched in between
The Propaganda for Reform in Proprietary Medicines, Vol. 2, 1922.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does silicosis still occur?
Authors: D. J. Valiante
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A state-based surveillance system has identified 401 individuals with the diagnosis of silicosis for the years 1979 through 1987. The individuals identified were generally older men who began work before 1960 and had worked for 15 years or more in potteries, construction, foundries, or sand mines. Follow-up inspections at the identified companies indicated ongoing poorly controlled exposure to silica. Difficulties in distinguishing coal worker's pneumoconiosis from silicosis and inadequate attention to tuberculosis by the treating physicians were noted. Few workers applied for workers' compensation. Extrapolation of our results to the whole country suggests that the current national surveillance system for occupational illnesses markedly underestimates the true occurrence of silicosis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3003-3007)
Metallic Elements in Fossil Fuel Combustion Products: Amounts and Form of Emissions and Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity
Authors: Velimir B. Vouk, Warren T. Piver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Metallic elements contained in coal, oil and gasoline are mobilized by combustion processes and may be emitted into the atmosphere, mainly as components of submicron particles. The information about the amounts, composition and form of metal compounds is reviewed for some fuels and combustion processes. Since metal compounds are always contained in urban air pollutants, they have to be considered whenever an evaluation of biological impact of air pollutants is made. The value of currently used bioassays for the evaluation of the role of trace metal compounds, either as major biologically active components or as modifiers of biological effects of organic compounds is assessed. The whole animal bioassays for carcinogenicity do not seem to be an appropriate approach. They are costly, time-consuming and not easily amenable to the testing of complex mixtures. Some problems related to the application and interpretation of short-term bioassays are considered, and the usefulness of such bioassays for the evaluation of trace metal components contained in complex air pollution mixtures is examined.
Capecitabine (Cape) versus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–based (neo)adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): Long-term results of a randomized, phase III trial.
Authors: R. Hofheinz, F. K. Wenz, S. Post, A. Matzdorff, S. Laechelt, J. T. Hartmann, L. Müller, H. Link, M. H. Moehler, E. Kettner, E. Fritz, U. Hieber, H. W. Lindemann, M. Grunewald, S. Kremers, C. Constantin, M. Hipp, D. Gencer, I. Burkholder, A. Hochhaus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3504 Background: 5-FU based CRT is regarded standard perioperative treatment in LARC. We report long-term data of a non-inferiority phase III trial investigating (neo-)adjuvant CRT with Cape in comparison with 5-FU. Methods: Patients (pts) aged ≥18 years with LARC UICC stages II or III were recruited into this two-arm, two-strata randomized phase-III trial (arm A: Cape, arm B: 5-FU; stratum [S] I: adjuvant, S II: neoadjuvant). Regimens: Arm A: CRT: 50.4 Gy + Cape 1,650 mg/m2 days 1-38 plus five courses of Cape 2,500 mg/m2 d 1-14, rep. d 22 (S I: 2 x Cape, CRT, 3 x Cape; S II: CRT, TME surgery, 5 x Cape). Arm B: CRT: 50.4 Gy + 5-FU 225 mg/m2 c.i. daily [S I] or 5-FU 1,000 mg/m2 c.i. d 1-5 and 29-33 [S II] plus 4 cycles of bolus 5-FU 500mg/m2 d 1-5, rep. d 29 (S I: 2 x 5-FU, CRT, 2 x 5-FU; S II: CRT, TME surgery, 4 x 5-FU). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), secondary endpoints comprised disease-free survival (DFS) and safety. Results: Of 401 randomized pts, 392 are evaluable (Arm A n=197, arm B n=195; S I n=231, S II n=161). Toxicity, treatment duration and downstaging in S II were reported at ASCO 2009. Briefly, pts receiving Cape had more hand-foot skin reactions (HFS), fatigue, and proctitis, while leukopenia was more frequent with 5-FU. Pts receiving Cape in S II had a significantly higher rate of ypN- tumors. At a median follow-up of 52 months, the local recurrence rate was equal (Cape 6%, 5-FU 7%, p=0.665), while significantly less pts developed distant metastases in the Cape arm (18.8% vs 27.7%; p=0.037). A total of 93 patients had died, 55 of whom in the 5-FU arm. Cape was non-inferior to 5-FU regarding 5-year OS (Cape 75.7% vs 5-FU 66.6%; p=0.0004). The test for superiority showed borderline significance in favor of Cape (p=0.053). 3-year DFS was significantly better with Cape (75.2% vs 66.6%; p=0.034). Cape pts developing HFS had better 3-year DFS (83.2%) and 5-year OS (91.4%) in comparison with the remaining pts (p=0.004 for DFS and p<0.0001 for OS). Conclusions: In view of the advantageous safety profile, an improved nodal-downstaging in neoadjuvant stratum and the favourable survival data Cape may replace 5-FU in the perioperative treatment of LARC.
MALARIA AND TYPHOID, NOT "TYPHO-MALARIA."
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal