tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic patients with hyper- tension benefit from dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Vaccines may have non-specific effects in developing countriesAlthough studies have found that vaccination against measles may have a non-specific beneficial effect in developing countries, the effect of other routine immunisations has not been assessed.On p 1435 Kristensen et al examined the mortality in vaccinated and unvaccinated children in rural Guinea-Bissau.Both BCG and measles vaccines were associated with reductions in mortality that could not be explained by the prevention of measles or tuberculosis.Polio and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines were associated with higher mortality.Since different vaccines were associated with opposite tendencies, selection biases are unlikely to explain these associations fully.The authors conclude that non-specific effects may occur with many routine vaccinations in areas with high mortality and should be considered when planning immunisation programmes.
Medical Licensure Statistics for 1961
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Many Patients Are Necessary to Assess Test Performance?-Reply
Authors: Charles F. Arkin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Fried and Appel state that requiring independent samples to compare performance characteristics unnecessarily doubles the sample size. We do state that independent samples are needed to retain mathematical correctness, because the 2 × 2 contingency configurations on which our tables are based are modeled on independent samples. In practice, however, using paired data in a 2×2 contingency table is equivalent to using independent data and equally efficient. One only sacrifices the opportunity for further statistical efficiency. Therefore, we maintain that the sample size requirements (SSRs) of 67 obtained in our exercise 1 need not be doubled. Their other concern is our failure to minimize SSRs through paired analysis where one considers only the discordant data pairs, ie, those results positive by method A and negative by method B or vice versa. If methods A and B are independent of one another, paired analysis neither increases statistical power
Primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: R. S. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PRIMARY lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract is diagnosed when tumor involvement of the intestine is the principal anatomic site of disease. The patient has abdominal symptoms that may be acute. Involvement of mesenteric nodes alone is not sufficient to place a patient in this classification. <h3>Nature of the Disease</h3><h3>General.—</h3> A number of characteristics are summarized in Table 5.<sup>31-33</sup> <h3>Staging.—</h3> A very simple staging was used for this discussion, ie, localized or extensive. Bowel perforations, or systemic symptoms, such as fever, weight loss or anemia, that are compatible with the local disease process do not change the staging in localized cases. The localized classification was used for those patients in whom the lymphoma involved the gastrointestinal tract alone or had spread to the regional mesenteric nodes only. There was no difference in the survival of those adult patients who did or did not have proven involvement of the regional
BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS TWO DECADES AFTER PENICILLIN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of peer ratings to evaluate physician performance
Authors: P. G. Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the feasibility and measurement characteristics of ratings completed by professional associates to evaluate the performance of practicing physicians. <h3>Design.</h3> —The clinical performance of physicians was evaluated using written questionnaires mailed to professional associates (physicians and nurses). Physician-associates were randomly selected from lists provided by both the subjects and medical supervisors, and detailed information was collected concerning the professional and social relationships between the associate and the subject. Responses were analyzed to determine factors that affect ratings and measurement characteristics of peer ratings. <h3>Setting and Participants.</h3> —Physician-subjects were selected from among practicing internists in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania who received American Board of Internal Medicine certification 5 to 15 years previously. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Physician performance as assessed by peers. <h3>Results.</h3> —Peer ratings are not biased substantially by the method of selection of the peers or the relationship between the rater and the subject. Factor analyses suggest a two-dimensional conceptualization of clinical skills: one factor represents cognitive and clinical management skills and the other factor represents humanistic qualities and management of psychosocial aspects of illness. Ratings from 11 peer physicians are needed to provide a reliable assessment in these two areas. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These findings suggest that it is feasible to obtain assessments from professional associates of practicing physicians in areas such as clinical skills, humanistic qualities, and communication skills. Using a shorter version of the questionnaire used in this study, peer ratings provide a practical method to assess clinical performance in areas such as humanistic qualities and communication skills that are difficult to assess with other measures. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1655-1660)
Editorial Board
Authors: Joanna Schaffhausen, Milka Kostic, Basil Nyaku, Peggy Kristanto, S Amara, N Birdsall, N Bowery, J Crawley, A Cuello, B Fredholm, L Hunyady, T Kenakin, M Mishina, W Moolenaar, C Page, Uk Ruffolo, R Summers, Australia Tanaka, Japan Watson
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2011)
Changes in theophylline clearance during acute illness
Authors: S. Vozeh
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Three patients demonstrated twofold to threefold changes in total-body theophylline clearance during the course of a single hospitalization for an acute illness. These changes paralleled the changes in the patients' clinical status. Theophylline clearance decreased in one patient with worsening airway obstruction, whereas clearance increased in one patient with resolving pneumonia and in one patient with improving congestive heart failure. Total-body theophylline clearance may be unstable in acute, severe illness. Close monitoring of plasma theophylline concentration in such situations will allow appropriate dose adjustments to be made and is, therefore, indicated. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1882-1884, 1978)
Commotio Cordis
Authors: Barry J. Maron, N.A. Mark Estes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Ventricular fibrillation and sudden death triggered by a blunt, nonpenetrating, and often innocent-appearing unintentional blow to the chest without damage to the ribs, sternum, or heart (in the absence of underlying cardiovascular disease) constitute an event known as commotio cordis. This review provides information on the clinical profile of this event, the physiological mechanisms underlying it, and steps that can be taken to prevent the event and to resuscitate the victim, should it occur.
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonaggressive obstetric management. An option for some fetal anomalies during the third trimester
Authors: F. A. Chervenak
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Nonaggressive obstetric management was used in 13 cases of anomalous fetuses during the third trimester. Criteria that define these anomalies are (1) a very high probability of a correct diagnosis and (2) either (<i>a</i>) a very high probability of death as an outcome of the anomaly diagnosed or (<i>b</i>) a very high probability of severe and irreversible deficit of cognitive developmental capacity as a result of the anomaly diagnosed. On the basis of two approaches to obstetric ethics, we defend the legitimacy of nonaggressive management of third-trimester pregnancies complicated by fetal anomalies that meet these criteria. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:3439-3440)
Population of hepatic macrophages and response of perfused liver to platelet-activating factor during production of thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis in rats
Authors: S Noda, S Masumi, M Moriyama, Y Kannan, M Ohta, T Sugano, J Yamate
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The response of hepatic macrophages and the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in perfused liver were studied during production of experimental cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Within 4 weeks of TAA administration (300 mg/L drinking water), an increase in hepatic macrophage population and enlargement in cell size preceded the alterations characteristic of cirrhosis. During 12 weeks of TAA administration, the changes in hepatic macrophages were maintained and cirrhosis of the micronodular type developed with a marked increase in hydroxyproline content. Although TAA treatment for 4 weeks had no effect on oxygen consumption or hepatic portal pressure in the perfused liver, the increment in hepatic portal pressure and decrement in oxygen consumption induced by PAF in TAA-treated rats were double those in control rats. The amounts of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in perfusate induced by PAF were seven- and fivefold greater, respectively, in TAA-treated rats than in control rats. Zymosan mimicked the effects of PAF. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatic macrophages and PAF play important roles in the development of cirrhosis induced by TAA.
Accumulation of multiple T-cell clonotypes in the liver of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Masaki Ohmoto, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Takuya Nagano, Seiji Matsumoto, Haruhiko Kobashi, Ryoichi Okamoto, Takao Tsuji
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The histological hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the destruction of the interlobular and septal bile ducts accompanied by a dense accumulation of lymphocytes; this constellation of features is termed chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis. To analyze the T cells responsible for bile duct destruction, the T–cell receptor (TCR) Vβ repertoire was studied in liver biopsy specimens, and also in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from seven patients with PBC in the early stage (Scheuer's stage I or II). The complementary DNA (cDNA) of each TCR Vβ1–20 chain was amplified by reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), and the PCR products were examined by single–strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. On the RT–PCR/SSCP analysis, a leukemic cell line, HPB–ALL, showed bands in TCR Vβ 5.2 and Vβ 6, indicating clonal expansion with distinct TCR. In the PBL from healthy subjects, the PCR products were amplified from many TCR Vβ and were shown as smears on SSCP, suggesting that PBL consist of diverse T–cell clones. In PBC, many TCR Vβ products were amplified by RT–PCR in both liver tissues and PBL, and no biased expression of a particular Vβ was observed. SSCP analysis revealed multiple bands in most Vβ chains, suggesting the presence of selected but multiple T–cell clones. Both the number and types of Vβ showing clonal expansion were heterogeneous in the PBC patients. A comparative RT–PCR SSCP analysis of each TCR Vβ between tissue lymphocytes and PBL revealed the presence of some identical T–cell clones in both the PBC liver and the PBL. These results suggest that T cells infiltrating the liver in PBC consist of multiple clonotypes and that T–cell clones accumulated in the liver are also present in PBL.
RHEUMATIC NEPHRITIS
Authors: H F ROBERTSON, S T SCHLAMOWITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Excerpt Descriptions of rheumatic nephritis appear rarely in the medical literature. Albuminuria, cylindruria, and hematuria have been reported to occur in acute rheumatic fever by Cecil,1 Michelazzi,2 Lichtowitz,3 and Goldring and Wyckoff.4 These authors, however, have noted no instances of acute glomerulonephritis in rheumatic fever. The rarity of renal involvement in this disease is pointed out by Rolly5 and Baehr and Schifrin.6 Cecil1 is of the opinion that many cases of idiopathic nephritis are but instances of rheumatic kidney disease. We, too, believe that rheumatic nephritis is an entity to be included among the protean manifestations of rheumatic fever. CASE REPORT
RETURN FLOW URETHRAL IRRIGATING TIP FOR ANTERIOR URETHRA OR BLADDER IRRIGATIONS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REMARKS ON SPINAL SURGERY, WITH ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.
Authors: ANDREW J. McCOSH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

<h3>TUMORS.</h3> Operations for spinal have generally been more satisfactory than those for cerebral tumors and offer better promise for future operative successes. There are good reasons for this. In cranial surgery the diagnosis, both as to the nature and location of the lesion, is less accurate; the lesion is often inaccessible to the surgeon and much permanent damage has often been done to the brain prior to the operation. The symptoms of tumors of the cord are generally well marked and their location, at least within a certain limit, can be usually accurately determined. When studied with the history of the case the lancinating pains, the muscular paralyses and contractures, the altered reflexes, and the disturbances of sensation, lead us to a comparatively certain diagnosis and one is much less apt to meet with surprises than has been the case doubtless with most of us when operating for cerebral tumors.
Booster vaccination with further live attenuated measles vaccine
Authors: J. W. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Revaccination with live attenuated measles vaccine was evaluated in a large group of children to determine (1) if protective antibody to measles infection could be augmented and (2) after what interval will the revaccination yield optimal results. The rate of decline in measles hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was observed to be directly related to the time interval since the previous vaccination, and individuals with declining titers became increasingly responsive to revaccination with a maximal response approximately four to six years after previous vaccination. Six-month follow-up studies demonstrated sustained elevations in measles HI antibody titers. Measles-neutralizing antibody showed less tendency to sustain a titer increase after revaccination. These observations suggest that revaccination with live, further attenuated measles vaccine is safe and may augment immunity. (<i>JAMA</i>235:31-34, 1976)
Public health in China: achievements and future challenges
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2018)

On Oct 27–28, 2018, the fourth Lancet–Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Health Summit will be held in Beijing and will showcase the best research in public health and medical science. Such an event provides an opportunity to present data, debate, and disseminate new knowledge to help define priorities for health leaders and also to reflect on the state of public health in China today.
Early Debridement in Pit Viper Bites
Authors: Thomas G. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BITES by common pit vipers create complex problems in the human victim that require complex solutions. No panacea is available, regardless of statements by some authorities. In the continental United States, common pit vipers include the rattlesnake, copperhead moccasin, and water moccasin; in south Texas, they are represented by the western diamondback rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus atrox</i>), copperhead moccasin (<i>Agkistrodon contortix contortix</i>), and water moccasin (<i>Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma</i>. Any physician who treats a pit viper bite must know the mechanical and physiological effects of the venom on the human victim, and he must apply the latest methods of medicine and surgery to prevent death, loss of limbs and digits, and loss of function (especially of the hand and fingers).<sup>1</sup> Since 1966,I have seen and treated 200 patients with pit viper bites and have performed surgery on 140. These 140 patients are classified according to type of viper, sex, age, and area
Television Links Canadian, AMA Meetings
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sensory detection method of measuring BP
Authors: D. E. Burtner
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter by Bender et al accurately reflects the fact that some of our references were misnumbered. This occurred during the process of shortening our reference list for publication and several other editing procedures. We apologize for our error and a correction has been prepared. The study of consumer complaints, which we reported, was necessarily incomplete because of the failure of the urea formaldehyde foam industry to cooperate. We repeatedly asked for, and were promised, a list of homes in the Denver area that had been insulated with urea formaldehyde foam. Not only did the foam industry renege on these promises, but various representatives of suppliers refused to provide information or attend any of our meetings. This list would have allowed us to make a random choice of foam-insulated and unfoamed homes for study. We asked for raw data and all we ever received was eloquent testimony as