tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electronic Digital Computer: A Tool for Research
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular disease risk reduction for tenth graders. A multiple-factor school-based approach
Authors: J. D. Killen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

All tenth graders in four senior high schools (N = 1447) from two school districts participated in a cardiovascular disease risk-reduction trial. Within each district, one school was assigned at random to receive a special 20-session risk-reduction intervention and one school served as a control. At a two-month follow-up, risk factor knowledge scores were significantly greater for students in the treatment group. Compared with controls, a higher proportion of those in the treatment group who were not exercising regularly at baseline reported regular exercise at follow-up. Almost twice as many baseline experimental smokers in the treatment group reported quitting at follow-up, while only 5.6% of baseline experimental smokers in the treatment group graduated to regular smoking compared with 10.3% in the control group. Students in the treatment group were more likely to report that they would choose "heart-healthy" snack items. Beneficial treatment effects were observed for resting heart rate, body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness, and subscapular skin fold thickness. The results suggest that it is feasible to provide cardiovascular disease risk-reduction training to a large segment of the population through school-based primary prevention approaches. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1728-1733)
Pediatric Anesthesia
Authors: Maxine T. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1985)

George A. Gregory, MD, is professor of anesthesia and pediatrics in the Department of Anesthesia of the School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. His research, writing, and clinical activities, while broad ranging, have been particularly distinguished in the area of premature infant respiratory physiology and applied care. Dr Gregory has now produced an ambitious two-volume work consisting of 30 chapters, six of which he has written, the remainder contributed by 23 pediatrician and anesthesiologist colleagues. His goal was "to produce a book that provided a physiologic and pharmacologic approach to anesthesia for the pediatric patient," and his charge to his contributors was to stress physiology, embryology, pharmacology, and anatomy "wherever possible." Volume 1 deals largely with these basic sciences, along with such general topics as equipment, monitoring, patient evaluation, and general, regional, and outpatient anesthesia. Volume 2 addresses specific surgical problems and appropriate anesthetic techniques, as well as
Medical Genetics
Authors: David Yi-Yung Hsia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DURING the past few years rapid progress in the study of hereditary diseases has been effective in bringing the field of genetics much closer to clinical medicine. The purpose of the present review is to acquaint the practicing physician with some of the newer technics now available for the study of heredity in man.The Somatic Chromosomes of ManStudies on the chromosomes of man have been greatly facilitated by several improvements in technic during the past decade. These include the growth of tissue specimens in tissue culture, the pretreatment of preparations with colchicine, which arrests division at the metaphase, . . .
Rapid activation of the Stat3 transcription complex in liver regeneration
Authors: D CRESSMAN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy is a physiological growth response observed in the intact animal. Understanding the early signals that trigger liver regeneration is of vital importance to understand the liver's response to injury. It has been observed that several growth factors and cytokines, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), can activate members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) family of transcription factors resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of these factors, nuclear translocation, and an active DNA binding transcriptional complex. Because Stat3 participates in the regulation of primary growth response genes, we wondered if it is induced in the early phase of liver regeneration. We found that Stat3 DNA-binding activity is increased in the remnant liver within 30 minutes of partial hepatectomy and peaks at more than 30-fold at 3 hours. This induction is not observed after sham surgery. The induction of Stat3 appears to be part of the initial response of the remnant liver to partial hepatectomy, because it occurs in the presence of cycloheximide-mediated protein synthesis blockade. Activation of Stat3 is unusual, because it extends beyond the immediate-early time period and remains near peak level at 5 hours posthepatectomy. Although insulin-treated H35 cells activate many of the same immediate-early genes as regenerating liver, Stat3 is not induced in these cells. Because Stat factors are known to be inactivated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase), we showed that a PTPase is able to eliminate the DNA binding of hepatic Stat3. It is likely that Stat3 contributes to the transcriptional activation of a subset of immediate-early genes that are induced over a prolonged time in the G1 phase of hepatic cells following partial hepatectomy. The identification of Stat3 as an early factor in liver regeneration provides clues to the activation of signal transduction pathways in the remnant liver within the first minutes to several hours after partial hepatectomy.
An Update on Mortality among Workers at a 1,3-Butadiene Facility: Preliminary Results
Authors: Barbara J. Divine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

This is a cohort study of 2582 male workers employed at least 6 months between 1943 and 1979 at a 1,3-butadiene manufacturing facility.An earlier report on mortality through 1979 found a statistically significant deficit for all causes of death and lower than expected mortality for most of the leading causes of death.However, there was a statistically significant excess of deaths from lymphosarcoma.This report is a preliminary update of cohort information through 1985 and also a reanalysis of mortality.The all-causes standardized mortality ratio is 84 and that for all cancers is 80.These are statistically significant deficits; significant deficits were also seen for all cancer of the digestive system and all external causes of death.One additional death from lymphosarcoma was observed during the extended follow-up period giving a statisti- cally significant standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 229.The increase was concentrated in those employed less than 10 years and in those first employed before 1946.No increase was seen overall for leukemia (SMR = 102).
Bone marrow transplant "banking" moves a step closer to reality
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Studies in culture and in animals lend support, Charleston (SC) investigators say, to suggestions that some human cadaveric bone marrow eventually might be "banked" for later transplantation to treat immunologic and blood disorders. Several hundred bone marrow transplants have been done in the United States, but only with material from living donors, usually close relatives. This technique has been used particularly in attempts to reestablish marrow function in aplastic anemia. The first reported transplant for this purpose was tried—unsuccessfully—in 1939. Other reasons for attempting such transplants include correction of congenital immunodeficiency and replacement of neoplastic marrow in some leukemias. Problems that have been encountered include finding an identical histocompatibility antigen (HLA) donor, engraftment failure, graft-vs-host reaction, infection, hemorrhage, and recurrence of disease. The researchers reporting on the cadaveric marrow studies are from the Medical University of South Carolina. They have cultured marrow from 117 human cadavers to determine if there
Identification of cellular deoxyhypusine synthase as a novel target for antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Ilona Hauber, Dorian Bevec, Jochen Heukeshoven, Friedrich Krätzer, Florian Horn, Axel Choidas, Thomas Harrer, Joachim Hauber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly decreased morbidity and mortality among patients infected with HIV-1. However, HIV-1 can acquire resistance against all currently available antiretroviral drugs targeting viral reverse transcriptase, protease, and gp41. Moreover, in a growing number of patients, the development of multidrug-resistant viruses compromises HAART efficacy and limits therapeutic options. Therefore, it is an ongoing task to develop new drugs and to identify new targets for antiretroviral therapy. Here, we identified the guanylhydrazone CNI-1493 as an efficient inhibitor of human deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). By inhibiting DHS, this compound suppresses hypusine formation and, thereby, activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A), a cellular cofactor of the HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein. We demonstrate that inhibition of DHS by CNI-1493 or RNA interference efficiently suppressed the retroviral replication cycle in cell culture and primary cells. We show that CNI-1493 inhibits replication of macrophage- and T cell–tropic laboratory strains, clinical isolates, and viral strains with high-level resistance to inhibitors of viral protease and reverse transcriptase. Moreover, no measurable drug-induced adverse effects on cell cycle transition, apoptosis, and general cytotoxicity were observed. Therefore, human DHS represents a novel and promising drug target for the development of advanced antiretroviral therapies, particularly for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant viruses.
Acute Renal Failure Caused by Nephrotoxins
Authors: Donald E. Oken
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Renal micropuncture studies have greatly changed our views on the pathophysiology of acute renal failure caused by nephrotoxins. Formerly, this type of renal insufficiency was attributed to a direct effect of the nephrotoxins on tubule epithelial permeability. According to that theory, glomerular filtration was not greatly diminished, the filtrate formed being absorbed almost quantitatively and nonselectively across damaged tubule epithelium. Studies in a wide variety of rat models have now shown glomerular filtration to be reduced to a level which will inevitably cause renal failure in and of itself. Passive backflow of filtrate across tubular epithelium is either of minor degree or nonexistent even in models where frank tubular necrosis has occurred. This failure of filtration cannot be attributed to tubular obstruction since proximal tubule pressure is distinctly subnormal in most models studied. Instead, filtration failure appears best attributed to intrarenal hemodynamic alterations. While certain facts tend to incriminate the renin-angiotensin system as the cause of the hemodynamic aberrations, others argue to the contrary. The issue is underactive investigation.
A systematic review of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after renal transplantation.
Authors: Zarlakhta Zamani, Mobeen Zaka Haider, Muhammad Taqi, Hasan Mehmood Mirza, Deepak Kumar, Hafsa Shahid, Fnu Kiran, Yousra Khalid, Mohsin Sheraz Mughal, Usman Ali Akbar, Muhammad Salman Faisal, Muhammad Umair Mushtaq, Faiz Anwer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

e19577 Background: Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD) is a rare but severe complication following renal transplant. This study aims to explore the treatment modalities, histological types, and risk factors related to PTLD. Methods: Following the PRISMA guideline, we searched the literature on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase &amp; clinicaltrials.gov. A total of 1741 articles were screened and 16 studies were included. Results: We reviewed 275915 adult patients who underwent renal transplantation out of which 2484 (0.9%) patients developed PTLD. Data for gender shows that 61.1% were males and 38.9% females. 576/2484 (23%) cases were EBV positive post-transplant. Seven studies showed the median duration from transplant to the development of PTLD was 80 months (5m-22yrs). Monomorphic PTLD was reported in 585 cases as the most common histological type. 5 studies suggested mortality due to PTLD was 41.38%. OS at 5 and 10 years was 55% and 41% respectively. Conclusions: Our study shows that PTLD is a rare complication after renal transplant which was more common in males. EBV did not show association with PTLD. Monomorphic is the most common histological type of PTLD after renal transplant. Our results show that it is associated with significantly high mortality. [Table: see text]
Wrong Pollution
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholera Outbreak—Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular disease
Authors: J. M. Gore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Options for patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease, continued to expand in 1988, and the mortality from cardiovascular disease continued to decrease. In addition, insights into primary prevention of coronary artery disease have evolved. The report of the National Cholesterol Education Program provided new guidelines for treating high blood cholesterol in people 20 years of age and older. The guidelines detail who should receive cholesterol-lowering treatment based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and other risk factors for coronary heart disease.<sup>1</sup>Diet or exercise influenced the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight, sedentary men in a 1-year, randomized controlled trial. Diet and exercise produced comparable favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations.<sup>2</sup> The Physicians Health Study,<sup>3</sup>a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested two hypotheses: (1) buffered aspirin (325 mg every other day) reduces mortality from cardiovascular disease, and (2) beta carotene (50 mg every other
Mortality from abortion and childbirth. Are the populations comparable?
Authors: S. A. LeBolt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Critics have challenged previous comparisons of mortality from legal abortion and childbirth for contrasting population groups with different clinical characteristics. They allege that most women dying from abortion were young, white, and healthy, while those dying from childbirth had serious underlying conditions. To address this question, we calculated standardized abortion and childbirth mortality rates between 1972 and 1978. We also adjusted independently for preexisting medical conditions. These adjustments for demographic and health differences between the two populations actually widened the difference in the mortality risk between abortion and childbirth. Thus, between 1972 and 1978, women were about seven times more likely to die from childbirth than from legal abortion, with the gap increasing in the more recent years. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:188-191)
Response of a Phagocyte Cell System to Products of Macrophage Breakdown as a Probable Mechanism of Alveolar Phagocytosis Adaptation to Deposition of Particles of Different Cytotoxicity
Authors: Larisa I. Privalova, Boris A. Katsnelson, Arthur B. Osipenko, Boris N. Yushkov, Lucia G. Babushkina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The adaptation of the alveolar phagocytosis response to the quantitative and qualitative features of dust deposited during inhalation consists not only in enhanced recruitment of alveolar macrophages (AM), but also in adding a more or less pronounced neutrophil leukocyte (NL) recruitment as an auxiliary participant of particle clearance. The NL contribution to clearance is especially typical for response to cytotoxic particles (quartz, in particular). An important feature of the adaptation considered is the limitation of the number of AM and NL recruited when an efficient clearance can be achieved by a lesser number of cells due to increased AM reistance to the damaging actin of phagocytized particles. The main mechanism providing the adequacy of the alveolar phagocytosis response is its self-regulation thrugh the products of macrophage breakdown (PMB). In a series of experiments with intraperitoneal and intratracheal injections of syngenetic PMB into rats and mice, it was shown that these products stimulate respiration and migration of phagocytic cells, their dose-dependent attraction to the site of PMB formation with the predominant NL contribution, increasing with the increase of amount of PMB, the AM and NL precursor cells recruitment from reserve pools, and the replenishment of these reserves in the process of hemopoiesis. At least some of the above effects are connected with the action of the lipid components of PMB. The action of specialized regulative systems of the organism can modify the response to PMB, judging by the results obtained by hydrocortisone injection. Autocontrol of alveolar phagocytosis requires great care in attempts at artificial stimulation of this process, as an excessive cell recruitment may promote the retention of particles in lungs.
Recent advances in the isolation of liver cells
Authors: G Alpini
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The liver consists of two types of epithelial cells: hepatocytes, which represent 60% to 70% of the liver cell population (l), or 90% of total liver mass (2); and intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells, or cholangiocytes, which make up 2% to 3% of the liver cell population (3-5).Other liver cells include SCs, KCs, FSCs, pit cells, myofibroblasts and other endogenous liver cells (e.g., vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, dendritic cells), which together account for 25% to 40% of the total hepatic cell population, or 10% of liver mass (1) (Table 1).For study of the precise functions of various liver cells, isolation techniques are required that provide a sufficient number of cells with a high degree of purity and viability.Justified concerns about the use of isolated cells include (a) the isolation process may alter plasma membrane components, (b) normal cellular functions that require attachment to basement membrane components or cooperative interactions between adjacent cells are lost during cell isolation and (c) isolated cells may exhibit responses that are altered compared with their normal in situ functions.Despite these concerns, studies of isolated cells have considerably expanded our knowledge of the biology of individual liver cells in ways not possible with the intact organ (5-17).Our purpose here is to present an overview of recent advances in the isolation of the distinct cell types found in the liver and to provide technical detail sufficient to permit the experimental hepatologist to select the optimal experimental approach for the purification and characterization of specific liver cells.The first part