tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Heart Disease and Risk for Gallstones That Require Surgery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients2 October 2001Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women with Heart Disease and Risk for Gallstones That Require SurgerySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Two types of hormones, estrogens and progestins, are useful in treating the symptoms of menopause. These hormones may prevent some of the unwanted health problems in postmenopausal women, such as thinning of the bones (osteoporosis). It is unclear whether these hormones also prevent other undesired health problems, such as heart disease, colon cancer, and Alzheimer disease. Estrogens and progestins also have side effects. For example, estrogen increases the risk for gallstones. Gallstones are hard deposits (“stones”) that form in the gallbladder, a small organ that makes substances that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Effect of Estrogen plus Progestin on Risk for Biliary Tract Surgery in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study.” It is in the 2 October 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 493-501). The authors are JA Simon, DB Hunninghake, SK Agarwal, F Lin, JA Cauley, CC Ireland, and JH Pickar, for the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffect of Estrogen plus Progestin on Risk for Biliary Tract Surgery in Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Joel A. Simon , Donald B. Hunninghake , Sanjay K. Agarwal , Feng Lin , Jane A. Cauley , Christine C. Ireland , James H. Pickar , and Metrics 2 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 7Page: I-44KeywordsCardiac surgeryCardiovascular therapyEstrogen replacement therapyEstrogensGallbladderHeartHormonesHypercholesterolemiaLongitudinal studiesSurgery ePublished: 2 October 2001 Issue Published: 2 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Observed association between income inequality and mortality is not a statistical artefact
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Behavioural counselling in primary care leads to improvements in health behaviour Behavioural counselling in primary care leads to greater improvements in health behaviour than standard health education and advice in patients at increased risk of coronary heart disease.Previous studies of health promotion and lifestyle counselling in primary care have produced disappointing results.Steptoe et al (p 943) found in a randomised trial that brief behavioural counselling on the basis of the "stage of change" model stimulated greater reductions in dietary fat intake and number of cigarettes smoked, and greater increases in physical activity than did usual care.The results suggest that behavioural counselling in primary care may be a useful strategy in the prevention of coronary heart disease.
Itch
Authors: D.A. Feinfeld
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ad Libitum15 February 1998ItchD.A. Feinfeld, MDD.A. Feinfeld, MDNassau County Medical Center; East Meadow, NY 11554Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “and let them scratch wherever it itches.”Dante: Paradiso, Canto XVII, line 129is pain's bratty kid brotherwith squirt-gun and featherto splash or tickle the backsof respectable necks when we'renot looking. It grabs the wirereserved for disastersand gabs on it for hours.Pain has dignity-the martyr's groans are holy;we comfort the wounded-but an itch? We laughat the twisting, reachingfor the remote spot, above all,the scratching.In Dante's Paradise one can ruba prickling patch at will,but in earthly hellour pretense is alwaysinterrupted:a nettle drawn at randomacross innocent skin demandsto be scraped, starts againas the fingernail moves off.Perhaps that's why we nameour chief devil Old Scratch.... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nassau County Medical Center; East Meadow, NY 11554Corresponding Author: D.A. Feinfeld, Nassau County Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, NY 11554. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 305 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
DEATHS OF PHYSICIANS PUBLISHED IN 1930
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
American Journal of Cardiology, New York
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute stroke may predispose victims to cardiac problems
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Physicians caring for persons who have just suffered strokes may need to watch their patients' hearts as well as their brains. That's the message from a study reported by neurologist John W. Norris, MD, and Toronto colleagues at the recent Seventh International Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation held in New Orleans. One hundred patients with acute stroke who were admitted to the intensive care stroke unit at Sunnybrook Medical Center, Toronto, were examined by Norris, neurologist Vladimir C. Hachinski, MD, and cardiologist Martin G. Myers, MD. The team looked for cardiac arrhythmias, elevation of cardiac enzyme levels (creatine kinase [CK-MB] and lactic dehydrogenase), and elevation of serum catecholamine levels. The same assessments were carried out in a group of 50 control patients—persons admitted to the unit with suspected stroke who turned out to have other problems. All measurements were made within 48 hours of admission to the unit.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Indoor Allergens, and Childhood Asthma
Authors: Diane R. Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Both environmental tobacco smoke and indoor allergens can exacerbate already established childhood asthma, albeit primarily through quite disparate mechanisms.In infancy and childhood, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is associated with measures of decreased flow in the airways, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and increased respiratory infections, but the relationship between ETS and allergy is poorly understood.Indoor allergens from dust mite, cockroach, and cat can be associated with asthma exacerbation in children sensitized to the specific allergens.The precise role of either ETS or indoor allergens in the development of asthma is less well understood.The strong and consistent association between ETS and asthma development in young children may relate to both prenatal and postnatal influences on airway caliber or bronchial responsiveness.Dust mite allergen levels predict asthma in children sensitized to dust mite.The tendency to develop specific IgE antibodies to allergens (sensitization) is associated with and may be preceded by the development of a T-helper (Th)2 profile of cytokine release.The importance of either ETS or indoor allergens in the differentiation of T cells into a Th2-type profile of cytokine release or in the localization of immediate-type allergic responses to the lung is unknown.This article evaluates the strength of the evidence that ETS or indoor allergens influence asthma exacerbation and asthma development in children.We also selectively review data for the effectiveness of allergen reduction in reducing asthma symptoms and present a potential research agenda regarding these two broad areas of environmental exposure and their relationship to childhood asthma.
Personal View
Authors: N. Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Though implicated in vascular remodelling, a role for the resistin-like molecule (RELM)-β in human airway remodelling remains unexplored. We hypothesised that RELM-β expression is increased in the airways of asthmatics and regulates airways epithelial cell function. Expression of RELM-β in the bronchial mucosa and its concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from asthmatics and controls were measured by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Proliferation assays, Western blotting, ELISA and real-time PCR were employed to detect effects of RELM-β on airways epithelial cells. RELM-β expression was increased in the bronchial mucosa and BAL fluid of asthmatics compared with controls. In the asthmatics, the numbers of mucosal RELM-β+ cells correlated inversely with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r=-0.531, p=0.016), while the numbers of epithelial RELM-β+ cells correlated positively with those of mucin (MUC)5AC+ cells. <i>In vitro</i>, interleukin-13 enhanced RELM-β expression by primary human airways epithelial cells, while RELM-β itself acted on these cells to induce proliferation, expression of MUC5AC, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt phosphorylation and elevated expression of transforming growth factor-β2, epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. RELM-β has the potential to contribute to airway remodelling in diseases such as asthma by acting on epithelial cells to increase proliferation, mucin and growth factor production, at least partly <i>via</i> ERK/MAPK-PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.
Clinical Researches in Acute Abdominal Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The second part of the book consists of an arrangement of the B.N.A. terminology proper, without the English equivalents, in terms of the various systems of the body.An excellent system of cross references allows the student to find a particular structure under the regional and dissectional first part, or under the systematic second part.Those structures which are of ontogenic significance, such as the Venae umbilicales, are marked with an asterisk and those structures which are of slight practical importance, such as the individual muscles of the deep layers of the back, are indicated in a manner which helps to give the student a sound idea of the relative im- portance of structures.This book is a valuable addition to the armamentorium of the teaching anatomist.The book, or a similar scheme, deserves to be tried in our schools.It calls for an adequate supply of cadavers and for a group of enthusiastic demonstrators.Those departments which are sufficiently fortunate to possess a good working museum and departmental library will thereby be enabled to give the student familiarity with the form and function of the human
Fragmentation of Immunoglobulin G in Immune Serum Globulin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IT is generally believed that immune serum globulin (ISG),‡ often loosely referred to as "gamma globulin," is very stable. On the basis of antibody assays and physicochemical tests used in the past, opinions have been ventured that its half-life in storage at 4°C. in the powder or liquid form is between seventeen and twenty-five years. However, in 1960 Škvařil1 reported that the immunoelectrophoretic pattern of ISG changes during storage. The gamma-globulin (IgG) band is gradually replaced by 2 bands, suggesting a fragmentation of the immunoglobulin molecule similar to that observed after digestion with papain. Confirmation of this observation has since . . .
Revised ACIP Recommendation for Avoiding Pregnancy After Receiving a Rubella-Containing Vaccine
Journal: JAMA (2002)

On October 18, 2001, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) reviewed data from several sources indicating that no cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) had been identified among infants born to women who were vaccinated inadvertently against rubella within 3 months or early in pregnancy. On the basis of these data, ACIP shortened its recommended period to avoid pregnancy after receipt of rubella-containing vaccine from 3 months to 28 days.
Genetic variants in IL-15 associate with progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, a multi cohort study
Authors: R Knevel, A Krabben, E Brouwer, None Posthumus, A G Wilson, T Saxne, E Lindqvist, D P C de Rooy, N A Daha, M P M van der Linden, G Stoeken-Rijsbergen, L van Toorn, B F C Koeleman, S Tsonaka, A Zhernakova, J J Houwing-Duistermaat, R E M Toes, T W J Huizinga, A H M van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> IL-15 levels are increased in serum, synovium and bone marrow of RA-patients. IL-15 influences both the innate and adaptive immune response; its major role is activation and proliferation of T cells. Data also emerge that IL-15 affects osteoclastogenesis. The authors investigated the association of genetic variants in IL-15 with rate of joint destruction in RA. <h3>Method</h3> 1418 patients with 4885 x-ray sets of both hands and feet of four independent datasets were studied. First, explorative analyses were performed on 600 early RA patients enrolled in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic. Twenty-five SNPs tagging IL-15 were tested. Second, SNPs with significant associations in the explorative phase were genotyped in datasets from Groningen, Sheffield and Lund. In each dataset the relative increase of the progression rate per year in the presence of a genotype was assessed. Subsequently, data were summarised in an inverse weighting meta-analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Five SNPs were significantly associated with rate of joint destruction in phase-1 and typed in the other datasets. Patients homozygous for rs7667746, rs7665842, rs2322182, rs6821171 and rs4371699 had respectively 0.94, 1.04, 1.09, 1.09 and 1.09 fold rate of joint destruction per year compared to other patients (p=4.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>, p=3.8 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, p=5.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup><sub>,</sub> p=5.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and p=9.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup>). Due to insufficient power of the cohorts of phase-2, independent replication was not obtained. Meta-analyses of all datasets combined resulted in significant results for four SNPs (rs7667746, p&lt;0.001; rs7665842, p&lt;0.001; rs4371699 p=0.01; rs6821171, p=0.01). These SNPs were also significant after correction for multiple testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Genetic variants in IL-15 are associated with progression of joint destruction in RA.
Hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic crises
Authors: S. R. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1975)

METABOLIC abnormalities involving glucose metabolism are the most common endocrine dysfunctions seen in internal medicine. We will cover the three most important abnormalities of glucose metabolism that constitute medical emergencies. As a general rule, it is stressed that in all comatose patients where the diagnosis is not known, the blood glucose level should be measured. <h3>Diabetic Ketoacidosis</h3><h3>Clinical Presentation.—</h3> Diabetic ketoacidosis is a state of severe insulin deficiency characterized by hyperglycemia, systemic acidosis, and hyperketonemia. The diabetic patient is unable to incorporate glucose into metabolic pathways because of insulin deficiency. There is also an increased mobilization of fat and protein stores secondary to insulin deficiency. The products of these stores subsequently accumulate in the form of the ketoacids. The resulting systemic acidosis and osmotic diuresis cause severe derangements in electrolyte and acid-base composition as the obligatory renal loss of glucose and ketoacids results in increased cation excretion. The fluid loss
The Process of Leukemogenesis
Authors: Richard D. Irons, Wayne S. Stillman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Leukemias are monoclonal diseases that arise from cells in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment.Consistent with emerging models of carcinogenesis, leukemogenesis is an evolutionary process that involves multiple independent genetic and epigenetic events.Over the last half-century a predominant paradigm has emerged to describe leukemia developing secondary to alkylating drug therapy or exposure to benzene in which progressive dysplastic changes, accompanied by a distinct pattern of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities, give rise to acute myelogenous leukemia.Characterization of these clonal chromosomal aberrations, together with observed alterations in other growth-promoting genes, provides a useful framework for studying chemical leukemogenesis and for use in understanding the origins and development of leukemia in general.
Myxoid Cysts
Authors: Frederick A. J. Kingery
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The digital disturbances pictured are examples of an uncommon cutaneous growth which causes concern either by the production of local discomfort or by disturbance of the normal pattern of nail growth. These cystic lesions occur most commonly on terminal parts of the fingers, but they can also be found on other areas of the hands, or occasionally on the feet. Simple observation is usually all that is necessary for diagnosis of these cutaneous myxoid cysts. In most instances, a firm, single, fluctuant nodule is visible and palpable (Fig 1). Sometimes the cyst itself is not apparent, but the resultant disturbance in nail-forming epithelium can be recognized by a furrow in the nail plate (Fig 2). A clear, thick, syrup-like material can often be expressed from the incised lesion. These lesions were once thought to be cysts which extended from a joint capsule or tendon sheath into the dermis (and therefore