tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-087 Indeterminate And Inconclusive Results Are Common When Using Interferon Gamma Release Assay As Screening For Tb In Patients With Ibd
Authors: I Nasr, R Goel, M Ward, S Fong, K Patel, M Sastrillo, S Anderson, J Sanderson, P Irving
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Anti-TNF treatment is widely used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but has been linked with reactivation of tuberculosis (TB). Screening for active and latent TB prior to initiation of anti-TNF therapy is therefore mandated. ECCO recommends interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) as, unlike tuberculin skin test, positive tests are not caused by previous Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. However, immunosuppressive agents can result in indeterminate or unreportable results[i] and there is no clear guidance on managing them. We quantified the prevalence of indeterminate or unreportable TB IGRA Elispot results in a large tertiary centre cohort of patients with IBD. <h3>Methods</h3> A single centre retrospective study of IGRA tests performed on IBD patients prior to commencement of anti-TNF therapy between Oct 2010 and Oct 2013. <h3>Results</h3> We included 140 patients (median age 34, range 24–86, 50% males). 92% had Crohn’s disease, 4% ulcerative colitis, and 4% IBD-unclassified. At the time of IGRA testing, 115 patients were on immunomodulators and 6 on prednisolone. 3 were positive for latent TB and were referred to infectious disease (ID) department prior to anti-TNF therapy. 3 had indeterminate results; all were on immunosuppressants (2=azathioprine, 1=methotrexate). 2 had a lymphocyte count &lt;1. In 2 cases the IGRA was repeated, one was negative and the second was unreportable on 2 occasions. None had TB risk factors and all were started on anti-TNF. To date, none have developed TB (follow up range 6–18 months). 10 had unreportable results, 9 of whom were on azathioprine. On repeat testing, 4 were negative, and the remainder were still unreportable, one of whom had risk factors for TB and was treated with isoniazid chemoprophylaxis on the advice of the ID team. The remaining 5 patients started anti-TNF based on the absence of risk factors for TB. No patient had reactivation of latent TB at follow up (range 1–18 months). Lymphopaenia was found to be associated with non-reportable cases as compared to the reported cases (median lymphocyte count unreportable = 0.4, reportable = 1.2; p = 0.015). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results demonstrate TB IGRA is a useful test to screen for latent infection before initiating anti-TNF therapy. However, a minority of results are indeterminate or unreportable. In such cases repeat testing can produce definitive results. Low lymphocyte counts in association with immunosuppression may contribute to unreportable and indeterminate results; clinical risk stratification appears to be a safe way of managing such cases in this small cohort. <h3>Reference</h3> Papay P <i>et al</i>. Predictors of indeterminate IFN-γ release assay in screening for latent TB in inflammatory bowel diseases. Eur J Clin Invest. 2011 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
High frequency of chimerism in transplanted livers
Authors: Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Kok-Lung Chan, Wai-Hung Shek, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Daniel Yee-Tak Fong, Chung-Mau Lo, Sheung-Tat Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Recent studies have shown that primitive stem cells can mobilize and differentiate into hepatocytes. We investigated the time and extent in which cells of recipient origins could differentiate into hepatocytes and other cells in human liver allografts. Microsatellite analysis, which can assess quantitatively the proportions of recipient and donor DNA, was performed in posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens from 17 patients at various times. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for Y chromosome and immunofluorescence for different cell types was also performed in 10 of these cases with sex mismatch. Organ chimerism in the transplanted livers was found to be of variable extent, and the recipients' DNA in the posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens (excluding portal tracts) amounted up to 50%. The recipient DNA in the posttransplantation liver biopsy specimens increased after liver transplantation by as early as 1 week, peaked at around 30 to 40 weeks, and could be shown 63 weeks after transplantation. Most (64%-75%) of the recipientderived cells showed macrophage/Kupffer cell differentiation. Only up to 1.6% of the recipient–derived cells in the liver grafts showed hepatocytic differentiation in the liver grafts and made up 0.62% of all hepatocytes of both donor and recipient origins. These livers had mild or minimal injury histologically. In conclusion, our results show that most of the recipient–derived cells in the liver allografts were macrophages/Kupffer cells and only a small proportion of hepatocytes was recipient derived. However, with regard to recipient–derived hepatocytes, our data cannot distinguish between transdifferentiation and cell fusion. (Hepatology 2003;38:989-998).
Correction: Inactivation of Notch1 in immature thymocytes does not perturb CD4 or CD8 T cell development
Authors: Anita Wolfer, Talitha Bakker, Anne Wilson, Michael Nicolas, Vassilios Ioannidis, Dan Littman, Peggy Lee, Christopher Wilson, Werner Held, H Robson Macdonald, Freddy Radtke, P Peggy
Journal: Nature Immunology (2001)
Mothers' Infants' Urine
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Forecasting the effects of health reform on US physician workforce requirement. Evidence from HMO staffing patterns
Authors: J. P. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This article provides an estimate of the effects of health reform on the US physician workforce requirement. Its basic methodology is to extrapolate current patterns of staffing within managed care plans to the reshaped health care system of the year 2000. In this analysis it is assumed that 40% to 65% of Americans will be receiving care from integrated managed care networks in the near future, and that all citizens will be covered by some type of health insurance. On the basis of these assumptions, this article forecasts that in the year 2000, (1) there will be an overall surplus of about 165000 patient care physicians; (2) the requirement and supply of primary care physicians will be in relative balance; and (3) the supply of specialists will outstrip the requirement by more than 60%. In summation, it appears that national health reform—based largely on an expansion of managed care networks—will have significant impact on the US physician workforce. Concerns have been raised by others that health system reform's shift toward more primary and preventive care will be stymied by workforce availability. This study underscores this concern to some degree. However, the evidence presented herein suggests that the issue is not so much a primary care provider shortage as a specialty care surplus. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:222-230)
Effects of Instilled Fibrogenic Particles on the Clonal Growth of Murine Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Yoichi Oghiso, Yutaka Yamada, Yoshimi Shibata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Murine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) form macrophage colonies in vitro with colony-stimulating factors, which stimulate the clonal growth of radioresistant alveolar colony-forming cells (AL-CFC). The toxic effects of fibrogenic mineral dust particles on AL-CFC were investigated after intratracheal instillation into mice. Exposure to either crocidolite asbestos or silica (Min-u-sil) induced a significant depletion of AL-CFC as well as a decrease in PAM recovery compared to either untreated or titanium dioxide-exposed animals. Such effects were also noted with different doses (50-200 micrograms/animal) of instilled particles. The plating efficiency of AL-CFC was depleted in PAM exposed to fibrogenic particles in vitro, but not when exposed to nonfibrogenic titanium dioxide particles. These results indicate the toxic effects of fibrogenic dust particles on the clonal growth of PAM, cells which play a role in the clearance of inhaled particles from the lung and in subsequent pathologic processes.
Studies in Poliomyelitis, 1960-1961, in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Classic Pages
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Inncrvation in etc. 371 briefly a possible hypothesis which unites what I may call the colloidadsorption theory of Macdonald and the " drainage " theories of von Uexlcull mid Macilougall with the synaptic membrane of Sherrington.The doubtful assumption made is the existence of membranes permeable to electrolytes in one direction only.As Overton has pointed out, as a physical structure such a membrane infringes the lawB of thenno-dynamics, Binee it would, by Flo.27.-Diagram of relation* of general vaso-motor reflexes.A. Muscle-cell of arteriole.P. Vaso-dilator nerve-fibre terminating on A, and inhibiting it.C. Vasoconstrictor fibre also ending on A, but exciting it.These fibres arise in dilator centre.K. Pressor fibre of sensory nerve, causiDg rise of arterial pressure by exciting C.C. and inhibiting D.C. a, 6, e, d.The respective synapses of these branches with the efferent neurones.The probable intermediate neurones are, for the sake of simplicity, omitted.creating potential differences, constitute a perpetual motion machine.I may venture to suggest that its existence may be ensured by the continuoussupply of energy from the activity of cell-protoplasm.Macdonald has shown* that the colloids of the axis cylinder, when the nerve is injured, split off electrolytes, which were previously held in a " masked " state, or, as I prefer
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF VOLUME RATIO DETERMINATIONS OF DAY TO NIGHT URINE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1483: The Absence of PI3K γ is Beneficial in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Bernhard J Haubner, Julia Schwaighofer, Florian Huber, Greg Neely, Keiji Kuba, Elisabetta Conci, Markus C Stühlinger, Hannes Alber, Otmar Pachinger, Josef Penninger, Bernhard Metzler
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction - Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is a well-known key enzyme in inflammation pathways. Emerging data demonstrate that PI3Kγ plays a distinct role in cardiomyocytes, but its influence in the setting of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is still an enigma. To clarify these effects we examined the morphology and contractility of PI3Kγ−/−hearts after ischemia and reperfusion. Methods - PI3Kγ knock out (KO) mice and C57 Bl6 wild type (WT) mice were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 3 hours, 1 week and 3 weeks of reperfusion. We therefore reversibly ligated the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in an in vivo model and harvested the myocardium after the defined time of reperfusion. Histological sections were stained with H&amp;E and Masson Trichrome in order to measure the area of infartion and the amount of interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, Troponin T serum levels were determined and transthoracic echocardiography was performed for measuring the differences in myocardial contractiliy. Results - Comparing PI3Kγ KO mice with WT mice, we found a significant decrement of Troponin T serum levels in the transgenic group 3 hours after reperfusion (0.77±0.28 vs. 1.28±0.48 ng/ml, p&lt;0.001). In addition, a distinct reduction of myocardial infarction was observed in the KO group compared to the WT mice (3 hours: 1.18±0.31 vs. 1.78±0.45 mm 2 , p=0.001; 1 week: 0.88±0.32 vs. 1.29±0.34 mm 2 , p=0.001; 3 weeks: 0.62±0.18 vs. 1.87±0.59 mm 2 , p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, we showed a matching smaller quantity of myocardial fibrosis in the transgenic cohort (1 week: score 1.23±0.6 vs. 2.13±0.74, p=0.005; 3 weeks: score 1.08±0.79 vs. 2±0.71, p=0.014). Fractional shortening (FS) analysis determined by echocardiography revealed significantly enhanced myocardial contractility in PI3Kγ lacking mice after ischemia and reperfusion (1 week: 37.85±7.71 vs. 23.75±8.78 %FS, p=0.007; 3 weeks: 30.67±4.87 vs. 23.7±7.47 %FS, p=0.043). Conclusions - Our data provide the first evidence for the crucial role of PI3Kγ signalling in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: PI3Kγ deficient mice show a significantly better outcome concerning infarction area, Troponin T elevation, scar size, fibrosis, and contractility at all stages of reperfusion (3 hours to 3 weeks).
Persistent Tympanic Membrane Perforation From Ventilation Tubes
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Autologous bone marrow transplantation--reassessment
Authors: Nancy B. Esterly
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
First Call for AMA-RPS Annual Meeting
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Implementation of Newborn Hepatitis B Vaccination—Worldwide, 2006
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer and result in an estimated 620,000 deaths annually. In 1992, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a goal for all countries to introduce hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine into national routine infant immunization programs by 1997. In countries where a high percentage of HBV infections are acquired perinatally (where general population prevalence of chronic HBV infection is >/=8%), WHO recommends administering the first HepB vaccine dose <24 hours after birth to prevent perinatal HBV transmission. To assess implementation of newborn HepB vaccination, the most recently available data were examined from the Joint Reporting Form used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) to track worldwide vaccine coverage for WHO-recommended infant immunizations. In 2006, a total of 162 (84%) of 193 countries had introduced HepB vaccine into their national infant immunization schedules. Among the 193 countries, 81 (42%) reported using a schedule with a HepB vaccine birth dose (defined as a dose administered within 24 hours of birth). Worldwide, 27% of newborns received a HepB vaccine birth dose in 2006. In the 87 countries with >/=8% chronic HBV infection prevalence, HepB vaccine birth dose coverage was 36%. These findings highlight the global need to implement this key hepatitis B prevention strategy more widely.
Medicine in the Far East.
Authors: W. S. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Calcutta, India, Dec. 15, 1899. <h3>THE CHINESE AND THE JAPANESE.</h3> One of the first things that strikes the observer on landing in China, from Japan, is the apparent difference in the physical stamina of the inhabitants of these two countries. I found by experience that this difference was not only an apparent, but a real one; for the jinriksha man of the "Flowery Kingdom" would carry me nearly twice as far in a day, without fatigue as his pig-tailed prototype across the Yellow Sea was able to do. After my observation in China, I am inclined to look upon three factors as causative agents in the production of this result: 1. The wide-spread prevalence of malaria, which I found to affect at least one-third of all the sick Chinese I saw in the country. By this term I mean true paludal malaria, and not that false variety that so many
<b>Abstracts.</b> Symposium on Heavy Metals in the Environment
Authors: Sponsored By, Paul Mushak, Jack Weaver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1973)

Quantitative evaluation procedures for the in- organic and organic mercury content of water and biological samples by use of gas-liquid chromato- graphy have been developed and will be described.The chemical basis for the analytical approach resides in the ability of a variety of organometallic and nonmetallic reagents to convert inorganic mercury to an organomercurial under differing experimental con- ditions.Evaluation of mercury involves use of the GLC techniques of Westoo and others for organomer- curials.Sequentially or simultaneously, inorganic mercury is determined along with and distinct from the codetermined organomercurials present in the sample.Biological media investigated include whole blood, serum, urine, whole tissue homogenates, and tissue fractions.Reagents affording good results in this technique include a-bonded alkylcobalt and alkyltin compounds as well as perhalobenzenesulfinate salts.Lower detection limits with the alkyl cobalt and alkyl tin compounds are 10 and 30 ng mercury/ml of media, respectively, while the use of perfluorobbenzenesulfinate furnishes a corresponding value of 20 ng.Best procedural recoveries of added inorganic mercury are achieved with the alkylcobalt system followed by perfluorobenzenesulfinate (recovery range for methyl cobalt: 68.8-81.4%,