tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is there a gender specific response of oesophageal mucosa to acid reflux?
Authors: S. Menon, C. Tselepis, M. Anderson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Oesophageal adenocarcinoma has an unexplained male predominance. We hypothesise that male and female oesophageal tissues display differential responses to acid reflux and progression of Barrett9s metaplasia. <h3>Aims</h3> To characterise the gene expression in male and female normal oesophagus and Barrett9s metaplasia, to detect gender-specific differences. <h3>Methods</h3> 12 biopsy samples of normal oesophagus and Barrett9s with intestinal metaplasia were obtained (6 males, 6 females). Gene expression profiles were assessed by tissue microarray analysis to determine differences in upregulated gene expression. Real-time PCR was performed to assess differences in the upregulation of key genes (cdx-1, cdx-2, PCNA). <h3>Results</h3> Using a Venn diagram filter to detect genes that were dysregulated in all three stratification pools (normal vs Barrett9s in males, normal in males vs females, Barrett9s in males vs females), 5 genes were identified: DAZ1, DAZ2, CCL4, RPS4Y1, USP9Y. The expression of DAZ1 is threefold higher in male Barrett9s and is localised to the Y-chromosome. PCR results suggest the upregulation of cdx-2 and PCNA in Barrett9s metaplasia is greater in males. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We provide evidence of gender-specific differences in the reflux-Barrett9s pathway. We have identified a novel set of biomarkers in male Barrett9s specimens. Further analysis of these genetic markers through immunohistochemistry and rt-PCR is planned.
Changes in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from humans in the United States
Authors: K. L. MacDonald
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Changes were examined that occurred in the antimicrobial susceptibility between 1979-1980 and 1984-1985 of<i>Salmonella</i>organisms isolated from humans who resided in a random sample of counties in the United States. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials rose significantly from 16% (82 of 511 isolates) in 1979-1980 to 24% (117 of 485 isolates) in 1984-1985. In addition, statistically significant increases occurred in the proportion of organisms resistant to only one antimicrobial (from 4% to 9%), the rate of resistance of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>(from 14% to 26%), and the rate of resistance to tetracycline. For one commonly occurring serotype,<i>Salmonella heidelberg</i>, the proportion of resistant strains fell significantly from 67% in 1979-1980 to 35% in 1984-1985. When epidemiologic characteristics of patients were examined, previous use of antimicrobials for treatment of other illnesses was a significant risk factor for acquiring clinically important infections with antimicrobial-resistant<i>Salmonella</i>. Changes detected in the antimicrobial resistance of<i>Salmonella</i>during this time will ultimately affect the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy in treating human disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1496-1499)
RÔLE OF THE SKIN IN LEAD POISONING
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antigenic drift as a mechanism for tumor evasion of destruction by cytolytic T lymphocytes
Authors: Xue-Feng Bai, Jinqing Liu, Ou Li, Pan Zheng, Yang Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

It is established that mutations in viral antigenic epitopes, or antigenic drifts, allow viruses to escape recognition by both Ab’s and T lymphocytes. It is unclear, however, whether tumor cells can escape immune recognition via antigenic drift. Here we show that adoptive therapy with both monoclonal and polyclonal transgenic CTLs, specific for a natural tumor antigen, P1A, selects for multiple mutations in the P1A antigenic epitope. These mutations severely diminish T cell recognition of the tumor antigen by a variety of mechanisms, including modulation of MHC:peptide interaction and TCR binding to MHC:peptide complex. These results provide the first evidence for tumor evasion of T cell recognition by antigenic drift, and thus have important implications for the strategy of tumor immunotherapy.
Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy vs open surgery for renal calculi. A comparative study
Authors: G. M. Preminger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To evaluate the impact of the percutaneous removal of renal calculi we compared 41 patients who had undergone open renal surgery to 88 patients who had a one- or two-stage percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for symptomatic urolithiasis. The two groups were similar with regard to stone size, stone location, treatment success, and complication rates. However, for patients with calculi 2.5 cm or smaller in diameter, the percutaneous procedure resulted in lower postoperative morbidity, more rapid convalescence, less hospital cost, and greater patient satisfaction. For patients with calculi larger than 2.5 cm in diameter, the percutaneous approach was slightly more expensive than open surgery but resulted in a markedly shortened convalescent period. In our experience, percutaneous nephrostolithotomy performed in a single stage under assisted local anesthesia was the most efficacious and least expensive of the percutaneous approaches. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1054-1058)
Consultant Contract
Authors: D. W. Bethune, B. B. Milstein, C. D. R. Flower, D. W. Evans, J. M. Collis, P. G. I. Stovin, S. W. B. Newsom, J. E. Stark, R. D. Latimer, L. C. Lum, E. M. Cheffins
Journal: BMJ (1975)
Gastric ulceration. A complication of double-lumen nasogastric tubes
Authors: J. F. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Allegedly, ulceration of the gastric mucosa by sucking nasogastric tubes is prevented by the double-lumen design. However, multiple gastric ulcers have been seen at autopsy in four patients treated with the double-lumen nasogastric tube. The spatial distribution and uniform size of the ulcers accurately reproduced the arrangement and size of the sucking ports on the tube. Double-lumen nasogastric tubes on suction should therefore be used with as much caution as single-lumen tubes.
Efficacy of sorafenib in patients with oligometastatic hepatoceulluar carcinoma (HCC).
Authors: Kiruthikah Thillai, Dimitrios Ziogas, Dionysios Papadatos-Pastos, Ippokratis Korantzis, Mahfuja Hussain Ruhe Chowdhury, Thubeena Manickavasagar, Abid Suddle, John O'Grady, Nigel Heaton, Paul J. Ross, Debashis Sarker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15142 Background: HCC is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Standard treatment for advanced disease is sorafenib, which is associated with modest survival benefits. We hypothesized that patients with oligometastatic disease treated with sorafenib have improved outcomes over those with extensive metastases Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib at a large HCC centre. 190 patients were identified (177 patients with sorafenib alone, 13 treated with combined sorafenib and erlotinib/placebo as part of the SEARCH trial). Disease distribution was defined as intra-hepatic, oligometastatic (3 ≤ extra-hepatic metastases) and extensive ( > 3 ) at the time of starting sorafenib. Overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and toxicities were recorded. Results: The median age for all patients was 66 years (26-87), 157 male and 33 female. Underlying liver disease included hepatitis B (N = 39, 20.4%,) hepatitis C (N = 38, 19.9%), alcoholic liver disease (N = 38, 19.9%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N = 27, 14.1%), unknown aetiology (N = 42, 21.9%) and other (N = 7, 3.6%). 157 patients had Child-Pugh (CP) A status, 33 had CP- B. 113 patients had intra-hepatic disease, 45 = extensive disease and 32 = oligometastatic disease. Median OS for all patients treated with sorafenib was 7.6months(m) and PFS was 4.3m. For patients with oligometastatic disease, OS was significantly longer than the extensive group (10.4m vs. 6.3m p = 0.034) as was PFS (5.9m vs. 2.8m p = 0.028). The ALBI prognostic model was calculated for all patients with oligometastatic disease (ALBI 1 [N = 18], ALBI 2 [N = 12], ALBI 3[N = 2]). OS in the ALBI 1 group was significantly longer compared with ALBI 2 (11.97m vs. 2.9m [p = 0.042]).Toxicities were comparable within the oligometastatic and extensive cohorts. Conclusions: This study suggests that patients with oligometastatic disease have improved survival outcomes compared with patients with extensive disease. Within the oligometastatic group, patients with ALBI score 1 lived longer compared with ALBI score 2, providing validation of this prognostic model in this group of patients. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.
Autoantibodies in Type 2 Diabetes Induce Stress Fiber Formation and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Mark B. Zimering, Zui Pan
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Context:Macular edema contributes to visual impairment, and albuminuria is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These microvascular complications result from increased capillary leakage of plasma proteins whose causation is not completely understood.
FRI0017 Role of prostaglandins in the inflammatory reflex: Impaired vagus-mediated immunosuppression in mice deficient in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (MPGES-1)
Authors: E. Le Maitre, P. Revathikumar, H. Idborg, M. Korotkova, P.-J. Jakobsson, J. Lampa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (i.e. inflammatory reflex) comprises an important neuro-immune link whereby inflammation such as arthritis can be tightly controlled by the autonomic nervous system and the vagus nerve (VN). Prostaglandins are known to mediate central effects in neurotransmission, by modulating glial interaction with neurons. <h3>Objectives</h3> We have investigated the role of prostaglandins, including the major prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> producing enzyme mPGES-1, in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. <h3>Methods</h3> Knock-out mice for the mPGES-1 enzyme (-/-) have been used for the study, with comparison to wild-type (+/+) animals. After VN isolation, we injected intraperitoneally lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 2 mg/kg). We then electrically stimulated the VN for 5 minutes. After a recovery of 6 hours, mice were sacrificed and blood was collected. TNFa, IL-1b and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using the Meso Scale instrument. In addition, we evaluated the effect of PGE<sub>2</sub> on the release of cytokines in vitro, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by LPS for 20 hours. Supernatants were analyzed for TNFa concentration with ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> After Vagus Nerve stimulation (VNS) and analysis of the serum, wild-type animals showed a decrease of the release of TNFa (62.6±8.5 with VNS vs. 90.3±9.1 pg/ml without VNS; p&lt;0.05), IL-1b (70.5±11,0 vs. 114.0±15.6 pg/ml; p&lt;0.05), IL-12p70 (16,521.9±2,014.6 vs. 25,762.4±2,494.6 pg/ml; p&lt;0.01) and IFNg (173.5±38.7 vs. 454.6±111.9; p&lt;0.05). All other cytokines measured with the Meso Scale kit did not differ from the respective controls (i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, KC/GRO). Interestingly, VNS had no effect on any of the cytokines measured on serum from the mPGES-1 knock-out mice. On <i>in vitro</i> studies, incubation with PGE<sub>2</sub> (1 μM) was shown to inhibit the release of TNFa by PBMC after LPS stimulation from 375.1±73.7 to 45.5±22.1 pg/ml (p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data indicate that mice deficient in mPGES-1 do not respond to vagus-mediated immunosuppression. Moreover, we show immunosuppressant effects of PGE<sub>2</sub> on TNF release. These results implicate an involvement of PGE<sub>2</sub> as an important mediator in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and provide support for further investigations regarding the interaction between cholinergic and prostaglandin systems. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Immunostimulation: Synthetic and Biological Modulators of Immunity
Authors: H. Fudenberg
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1984)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occurrence of Arsenic in Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), Nature of Organo-Arsenic Compound Present and Its Excretion by Man
Authors: J. B. Luten, G. Riekwel-Booy, A. Rauchbaar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The arsenic content in 255 samples of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) varied between 3 and 166 mg/kg. About 65% of the samples had an arsenic content above 10 mg/kg. High (low) arsenic concentration in the fillet corresponds with a high (low) concentration in milt or roe. An excretion experiment with eight human volunteers showed that after the consumption of plaice, 69-85% of the ingested arsenic was excreted in the urine within five days. The organo-arsenic compound present in plaice was isolated by means of extraction, ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. Field desorption mass spectrometry of the isolate showed that arsenic was present as arsenobetaine, (CH3)3AsCH2C00-.
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Abel Wakai
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A ten-year clinical series of 219 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax is presented with an average follow-up of 9 years. The vast majority of the patients were young men with a ruptured subpleural bleb. A slight increase in the incidence was noted in the older age groups with tuberculosis and chronic bronchitis as compared with the earlier series from the same hospital. The primary treatment was conservative in 197 and surgical in 22 cases. Recurrence of the pneumothorax occurred in 55 cases (25%). Primary conservative treatment failed in 41 cases, yielding 118 patients to operative approach. None of the patients treated by operation (plication or resection and suture of the bleb) had a later recurrence. Five re-operations were necessary: four because of a prolonged air leak after the first operation and one for bleeding. Two patients died on account of their pneumothorax, which gave a mortality of 1%. On the basis of the experience obtained, intercostal tube drainage is recommended as primary treatment; if it fails, thoracotomy seems to offer a good permanent result.
Stress and the schizophrenias.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In all published work it would appear to be the patient with serious rheumatoid disease which is seropositive and of moderately long duration who is particularly susceptible to infection.These patients may show little fever or leuco- cytosis.But deterioration in their general state, an exacer- bation in only a few joints, a sudden rise in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and particularly the occurrence of rigors should make one suspect infection.In patients on corti- costeroid therapy sudden collapse should never be attributed simply to adrenal insufficiency, or infection will be over- looked.The presence of an open sore should also be re- garded with grave suspicion.There is no known way of preventing these infections, but early suspicion and appropriate action by searching in the chest, urine, blood, joints, and so on will lead to earlier diagnosis, so that suitable antibiotic therapy and other necessary measures can be instituted.
THE NEGATIVE ETHICS OF SURGERY.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SURGERY FOR CRIMINALITY.
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal