tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Stroke Prevalence in the United States Population Age 25-74, 1971-1994.
Authors: Paul Muntner, Michael J Klag, Josef Coresh
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P58 Mortality from stroke in the United States (US) has declined since 1900. Primary prevention was credited for much of this decline through the 1970s; however, observational studies have indicated that stroke incidence did not decline during the 1980s. In contrast, improvement in stroke survival has been noted in the 1970s and 1980s. The effect of these secular trends on the prevalence and number of stroke survivors in the US has not been determined. The prevalence and number of non-institutionalized stroke survivors in the US was estimated through self-report for three time periods, 1971-1975, 1976-1980, and 1988-1994, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I, II, and III, respectively. Prevalence and number of stroke survivors were analyzed for the overall US population and by age (25-59, 60-74), race (White and African-American), and sex. Estimates were limited to the US population age 25-74 years old because NHANES I and II did not interview persons 75 years of age and older. The age, race, and sex adjusted prevalence of stroke increased from 1.41 to1.69 to 1.87; an average increase of 7.5% (95% confidence interval, CI: -2%, 18%) for each 5-year period between NHANES I, II, and III. Additionally, the number of stroke survivors increased from 1.5 to 2.4 million across this same time period. The prevalence of stroke among the US population age 60-74 years of age increased from 4.2% to 5.0% to 5.2% from NHANES I to III; an average increase of 6.4% for each 5 years (95% CI: -3%, +17%) during the period analyzed. In contrast, among persons age 25-59 the prevalence of stroke was less than 1% in all three-time periods and a secular trend was not present. Although stroke prevalence increased 28% for each 5-year period among African-American females (95% CI: +3%, +56%) and +12% among White males (95% CI: -2%, +29%) it did not change among African-American males or White females. In contrast, the number of stroke survivors increased among all age, race and sex sub-groups. Despite the absence of strong trends in stroke prevalence, the number of non-institutionalized stroke survivors under age 75 years of age increased substantially.
Immunoregulatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Pre- and posttreatment with interferon alfa
Authors: T Cacciarelli
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

T lymphocytes and immunoregulatory cytokines may be important in the host response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2, interferon gamma [IFN-gamma]) are required for host antiviral immune responses, including cytotoxic T-cell generation and natural killer cell activation, while T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4,IL-10) can inhibit the development of these effector mechanisms. In this study, the serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients (n = 23) infected with HCV were measured and compared with biochemical (alanine transaminase [ALT]) and viral (HCV RNA) indicators of infection. Serial cytokine levels were measured in a subset of 11 patients at 1 and 12 weeks during and at 1 week after interferon alfa (IFN-α) therapy (n = 33 samples). Levels of circulating IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in HCV patients versus normal controls (128 vs. 25 pg/mL, 3,045 vs. 29 pg/mL, 2,949 vs. 18 pg/mL, and 307 vs. 24 pg/mL respectively; P < .01). Treatment with IFN-α decreased the levels of IL-4 (321 ± 224 pg/mL), and IL-10 (1,011 ± 344 pg/mL), which paralleled a decrease in HCV RNA (114 ± 27 vs. 25 ± 20 Eq/ml X 105, pre- vs. post-IFN-α [12 weeks];P <.05). These findings indicate that an activated T-cell response, as manifest by increased circulating immunoregulatory cytokines, is present in patients with HCV liver disease. Furthermore, treatment with HCV liver disease. Furthermore, treatment with IFN-α diminishes the Th2 cytokine response. Thus, modulation of T-cell function and cytokine production may be one mechanism whereby IFN-α therapy results in reduced viral burden.
Response
Authors: RITVA R. BUTRUM
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Response Get access RITVA R. BUTRUM RITVA R. BUTRUM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Page 1071, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1071 Published: 20 June 1990
Pulse
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pediculus typographici.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Troubled past of 'invisible' profession
Authors: E. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NURSING in the United States is a paradox. It is the most populous profession in health care, with 2.1 million registered nurses alone; yet it has undergone repeated cycles of shortage and oversupply, with shortage the current order of the day. The development of trained nurses helped make possible the rise of both the modern hospital and modern medicine, yet nursing has been a relatively powerless part of health care. Ninety-seven percent of nurses are female and 91% are non-Hispanic whites, yet nursing has been divided internally from the beginning. Often its members have spent more time fighting each other than any outside enemy. And although it is critical to most patient care, nursing's profile is quite low. In the summer 1987 issue of<i>Inquiry</i>, Claire Fagin, PhD, dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, wrote: "As patient needs become greater, requiring more and better-educated nurses, the
Pulmonary artery flow-guided catheters in the perioperative period. Indications and complications
Authors: J. D. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The risk factor of pulmonary artery catheterization was assessed in 392 critically ill patients. Major indications for catheterization in the operating room were marginal cardiovascular reserve, anticipated large fluid and blood loss, and hypotensive anesthesia. Immediate complications included cardiac arrhythmia, carotid artery puncture, and pneumothorax. Long-term complications included positive bacterial cultures, pulmonary infarction, and neuropathy. None of the complications were directly responsible for the deaths in this series. Pulmonary artery monitoring in critically ill persons is a relatively safe procedure. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2832-2834, 1977)
Impact of Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Conditions on the Health-Care System—United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are the leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting approximately 43 million persons and costing $65 billion in 1992. By 2020, these numbers will increase as the population ages. This report examines several measures of the impact of arthritis on the U.S. health-care system; the findings indicate that arthritis and other rheumatic conditions have a large impact on hospitalizations, ambulatory-care visits, and home health care, with women accounting for most of this impact and all persons aged <65 years accounting for a substantial portion.
Delinquents and Criminals: Their Making and Unmaking. Studies in Two American Cities.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACTH and Adrenocorticosteroids as Therapeutic Adjuncts in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Wesley W. Spink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

TuberculosisIn contrast to most of the infectious diseases discussed above, tuberculosis is a more chronic disease, characterized by a granulomatous and caseating type of inflammation involving many different organs and tissues. The inflammatory reaction of the tissues in tuberculosis is also related, in part, to the acquired hypersensitivity of the host to components of the tubercle bacilli. In view of the chronicity and debilitating nature of tuberculosis, with its slow response to chemotherapy, it appeared quite logical to explore the influence of ACTH and the adrenal steroids on the course of the disease, both in experimentally infected animals and . . .
Clinical Experience with Cytologic Examination of Sputum Obtained by Heated Aerosol
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Foot Ulcers
Authors: B E Sumpio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Ulcers result from breaks in the dermal barrier, with subsequent erosion of underlying subcutaneous tissue. In severe cases, the breach may extend to muscle and bone. Primary care providers are often the first to evaluate nonhealing pedal ulcers. Early recognition of the cause and prompt management of ulcers are essential for a good functional outcome. In many cases, successful salvage of an extremity depends on a multidisciplinary team of specialists, and timely consultation is warranted.CausesWalking consists of a complex series of biomechanical events involving triplanar movements of the foot and ankle (Figure 1A).2 A variety of external and . . .
Klinicheskaia Meditsina, Moscow
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine for Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Cancer—Reply
Authors: Helmut Oettle
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indications for diversion of the urinary stream
Authors: A. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Diversion of the urinary stream is required when the bladder has to be removed, usually for cancer, or is unable to function as an adequate urinary reservoir. The lesions which call for diversion fall into three categories: Malignant Disease.—Total cystectomy for bladder cancer necessitates urinary diversion. Diversion may also prove a useful palliative for patients with advanced inoperable bladder cancer suffering intolerable frequency and strangury. Other indications are as follows: when cystectomy is needed because of severe and persistent bladder hemorrhage after x-ray therapy and when uncontrollable irradiation cystitis follows x-ray therapy to the uterine cervix, for carcinoma of the female urethra prior to irradiation or surgical extirpation, as a palliative for malignant rectovesicovaginal fistula, and for ureteric obstruction due to pelvic malignancy Congenital Anomalies.—Ectopic vesicae continue to be dominant indications for urinary diversion, as plastic procedures have so far yielded only minimum success in providing
Nutrition During and After Cancer Treatment: A Guide for Informed Choices by Cancer Survivors
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

COMMON SYMPTOMS1. Are there foods that will help with dry mouth and swallowing problems?Sugarless gums, especially those that are citrus flavored, can improve saliva formation.Frequent sipping of water and mouth sprays can also help.Select foods high in moisture, or add sauces, gravies, or oils.High-calorie shakes and blenderized drinks can also help.Canned nutritional supplement beverages can be useful, but there are many alternatives.Any food can be pureed, mashed, blended, or mixed to be softer and easier to swallow.Adding liquids to foods, and using foods such as eggs, custards, dairy products, cheese, fruits, soft-cooked vegetables, and soft meats, can help with swallowing problems.2. Are there foods that will help with my loss of appetite and nausea?Loss of appetite and nausea are commonly experienced after cancer treatment.Taste perceptions often change during treatment.Adding or increasing spices and condiments to meals might be needed temporarily to increase food appeal.Experiment with spices and flavorings often, as tastes may change.Try to eat small, more frequent meals and snacks.In some instances, medications can be very helpful to reduce nausea.There are also medications that can help to stimulate appetite.Ask your health care provider if those might be good for you. What can I do to reduce fatigue?Fatigue can be reduced by nutrition and physical activity.Often, cancer survivors become fatigued because they do not eat enough, do not drink enough fluids, or do not exercise enough.Starting slowly with an exercise regimen, even if only for a few minutes a day, can help to restore energy.The frequency and duration of a simple activity like walking can be steadily increased.Do not hesitate to tell your health care providers about your fatigue.There may be specific medical treatments that can help.
Educational implications of a National Health Service Corps
Authors: C. H. Avery
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In the past decade America has experienced a rediscovery of poverty, and a growing consensus that health care is a right, not a privilege. Many politicians and leaders of the medical profession have felt compelled to speak of a healthcare crisis in the United States, a crisis in which health services have not been accessible to segments of our urban and rural populations. The Urban Coalition has estimated that in the United States today, approximately 2 million people receive no medical care, about 20 million receive part of the care they need, and nearly 20 million more people living in the ghettos receive less than adequate care (unpublished report distributed at Health Manpower Conference, August 1969). The realization that tens of millions of individuals are not receiving adequate health care has generated many proposals to address the problem; a National Health Service Corps is one. In the past two to
Nephrectomy for Fibroid—Successful.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Road to euthanasia or right to refuse care?
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Dr Sprung<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial by Dr Carton<sup>2</sup>provide measured expositions of two viewpoints on termination of life-sustaining treatment. Dr Sprung fears that by stopping life support in an increasing number of situations we have started on a path that will lead inexorably to devaluing human life. Dr Carton makes the point that the danger of active involuntary euthanasia does not justify the opposite extreme of automatically sustaining nonsentient molecular life under all circumstances. An important issue that neither viewpoint raises is our current deficiency in providing adequate palliative care for people at the end of life, whether or not life support is provided. Physicians may have become more at ease with stopping life support in certain circumstances, but they still do little to relieve the pain and emotional suffering of dying people. The article by Dr Sprung suggests that
The American public and the critical choices for health system reform
Authors: R. J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1994)

AN ARTICLE published 2 years ago inThe JOURNALidentified the seven critical choices that are necessary to craft any national health plan.<sup>1</sup>Every proposal for reforming the health care system must, at a minimum, address these critical issues: (1) Should everyone be guaranteed health insurance? (2) How should universal coverage be provided? (3) How should universal coverage be paid for? (4) Should Medicaid be retained? (5) What health benefits should be included in a national plan? (6) How should health care costs be controlled? and (7) Who should administer a national health plan? During the subsequent period, public opinion has been an important participant in the debate over health system reform. Almost every week newspapers report the latest poll results on health system reform. These survey findings are continuously cited by proponents of various reform proposals to buttress their particular positions. In this article we undertake a comprehensive