tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Acarbose in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Julio Rosenstock, Ann Brown, Jerome Fischer, Adesh Jain, Thomas Littlejohn, Dan Nadeau, Allen Sussman, Terry Taylor, Alice Krol, James Magner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of acarbosecompared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequatelycontrolled with diet and metformin (2,000 or 2,500 mg/day in divideddoses). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study had a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group comparison design. The trial lasted 31 weeks and consisted of a 1-week screening period, a 6-week placebo pretreatment period, and a 24-week period of acarbose or placebo, with a forced titration from 25–50 mg t.i.d. and a titration of 50–100 mg tid that was based on glucose control. The primary efficacy variable wasthe mean change from baseline in HbAlc. Secondary efficacy variables included mean changes from baseline in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, serum insulin, and triglyceride levels. RESULTS The addition of acarbose to patients on background metformin and diet therapy showed a statistically significant reduction in mean HbAlc of 0.65%. There were statistically significant reductions in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin levels compared with placebo. Gastrointestinal side effects were more frequently reported in the acarbose-treated patients. No significant differences in liver transaminase elevations were observed between patients treated with acarbose and those treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that the addition of acarbose to patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin and diet is safe and generally well tolerated and that it significantly lowers HbAlc and fasting and postprandial glucoseand insulin levels.
BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CANCER OF THE TONGUE: A PREVENTABLE DISEASE
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chest pain in patients seen in emergency clinics
Authors: R. E. Kleiger
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CAUSES of chest pain are diverse and numerous. The chest contains many structures. Not only can disease of any of these structures produce pain in the chest, but also pain originating elsewhere in the body, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may be referred to the chest. Longlasting pain or brief episodes of chest discomfort are the two patterns of pain that usually cause emergency clinic visits. Either pattern may be caused by benign or life-threatening conditions, but persistent severe pain, particularly if associated with objective evidence of disease, such as fever, tachycardia, or the appearance of shock, points toward a serious organic condition. Much more important than the duration of the pain or even its quality are its mode of onset and factors that incite, affect, or relieve it. Although radiation of the pain to the left arm is frequently considered by both patient and physician as particularly ominous and
Silicones May Aid Future Plastic Surgery
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes recommended in use of human diploid cell rabies vaccine
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In June 1980, a new rabies vaccine, using a virus cultivated on human cells, was licensed. Now, five years later, some changes have been recommended in how it is used. At the time of its licensing at the beginning of the decade, the new vaccine was hailed as a major advance. This opinion was based principally on the heightened immunogenicity of the vaccine, which made it possible to reduce the number of doses for both pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment, compared with the then-available rabies vaccine. The latter employed virus cultivated on duck embryo tissues. Since then, about 400,000 doses of the newer human diploid cell vaccine have been given to about 100,000 persons in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta. But recently, a problem with the new vaccine has emerged. Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in some individuals, mostly among those given routine
Abstract 17252: High Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels are Common Among High-risk Patients One Year After Initiating Statin Therapy: Results of a Large Canadian Cohort Study
Authors: Dominic Mitchell, Mohdhar Habib, Louisa Pericleous, Robert J Petrella
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor for CVD, yet studies show that dyslipidemia is undertreated in Canada. To evaluate the management of dyslipidemia in patients at high risk for CVD (including heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia [HeFH] and statin intolerant [SI]), we assessed lipid lowering treatment patterns, LDL-C target achievement, prevalence of CV risk factors, and the incidence of CV events, in a large Canadian cohort. Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from an open cohort of patients initiating statin therapy between 2004 and 2012 using the Southwestern Ontario primary care practice database. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of dyslipidemia, ≥ 1 statin prescription, and ≥ 2 years statin-free baseline data. Patients were stratified into 3 CV risk levels. Here, we report the results of the high-risk patient group. Results: In a cohort of 41 733 patients who initiated statin therapy, we identified 14 607 (35%) high-risk patients. At baseline, the mean (SD) age was 54 (7) years, 51% were male, and LDL-C was 3.07 (0.41) mmol/L. On average, patients had 3 CV risk factors. Age (66% male &gt; 45 y; 90% female &gt; 55 y), obesity (36%, BMI &gt; 27 kg/m 2 ), high-risk hypertension (31%), and diabetes (17%) were identified as the most important risk factors. After 1-year follow-up, 25% (n=3652) of patients who initiated statin therapy failed to reach target LDL-C. Among high-risk patients with SI (n=1294), 84% (n=1089) discontinued therapy or had a dose decrease. Six months after SI diagnosis, 51% (n=656) did not meet the LDL-C target; 74% (n=484) of these patients had their statin dose decreased or stopped or were treated with a non-statin. In the prevalent cohort (new and follow-up patients in 2012), 52% (n=64) of HeFH patients were treated for secondary prevention (ie, had experienced a prior CV event) and had LDL-C &gt; 2.59 mmol/L, and among high-risk SI patients with LDL-C &gt; 2.59 mmol/L, 65% (n=2304) were diagnosed with coronary heart disease and 32% (n=1132) were treated for secondary prevention. Conclusions: Despite widespread statin use, a significant therapeutic need remains for CV high-risk patients who fail to reach the recommended LDL-C target.
Author's reply
Authors: L. C. Claridge
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The 70th Annual Meeting of The Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) was held at the Fairmont Chateau Frontenac, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, February 4–7, 2015. The program consisted of presentations covering original research, symposia, awards, and lectures. Highlights of the meeting include 2015 Award Winners: Distinguished Rheumatologist Award: Carter Thorne; Distinguished Investigator Award: Hani El-Gabalawy; Teacher-Educator Award: Andrew E. Thompson; Young Investigator Award: Sindhu Johnson; Summer Studentship Mentor Award: Lori Albert; Innovation in Education Award: Henry Averns; Best Abstract for Basic Science Research by a Trainee: Sina Rusta-Sallehy; Best Abstract for Research by an Undergraduate Student: Tristan Kerr; Best Abstract for Research by a Rheumatology Resident: Claire Barber; Best Poster by a Medical Student: Dennis Wong; Best Poster by a Post-Graduate Resident: Zainab Alabdurubalnabi; CRA/ARF Best Epidemiology/Health Services Research Award: Evelyn Vinet; CRA/ARF Best Clinical Research Award: Glen Hazelwood; CRA/ARF Best Basic Science Research Award: Carolina Landolt-Marticorena; Ian Watson Award for Best Abstract for SLE Research by a Trainee: Ripneet Puar; Phil Rosen Award for Best Abstract for Clinical or Epidemiology Research by a Trainee: Liam O’Neil. Lectures and more: The 2015 Dunlop Dottridge Lecture: HLA-B27, the Microbiome, and the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis, by James Rosenbaum; Preventing Rheumatoid Arthritis: What We’ll Need to Know Before We Start Navigating this Uncharted Territory, by Distinguished Investigator Awardee Hani El-Gabalawy; and the 2015 State of the Art Lectures: A Genomic Approach to Understanding Rheumatic Disease, by Dr. Virginia Pascual, and Modifiable Risk Factors in RA: You Can Lead a Horse to Water but …, by Michael Vallis. The Great Debate: Treat Pre-RA vs Not Treat Pre-RA. Arguing for: Volodko Bakowsky and Derek Haaland; Against: Hani El-Gabalawy and Rob McDougall. The contributions presented at the meeting are reflected in the abstracts, which we are pleased to publish in this issue.
Tuberculosis: Its Nature, Prevention, and Treatment, with Reference to the Open-Air Treatment of Phthisis.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Basis for Effects of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals on Inducible Gene Expression
Authors: Joshua W. Hamilton, Ronald C. Kaltreider, Olga V. Bajenova, Michael A. Ihnat, Jennifer McCaffrey, Bruce W. Turpie, Erin E. Rowell, Jannet Oh, Michael J. Nemeth, Carrie A. Pesce, Jean P. Lariviere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Certain forms of the heavy metals arsenic and chromium are considered human carcinogens, although they are believed to act through very different mechanisms.Chromium(VI) is believed to act as a classic genotoxic and mutagenic agent, and DNANchromatin appears to be the principal target for its effects.In contrast, arsenic(lll) is considered nongenotoxic, but is able to target specific cellular proteins, principally through sulfhydryl interactions.We had previously shown that various genotoxic chemical carcinogens, including chromium(VI), preferentially altered expression of several inducible genes but had little or no effect on constitutive gene expression.We were therefore interested in whether these carcinogenic heavy metals might target specific but distinct sites within cells, leading to alterations in gene expression that might contribute to the carcinogenic process.Arsenic(lll) and chromium(V1) each significantly altered both basal and hormone-inducible expression of a model inducible gene, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), at nonovertly toxic doses in the chick embryo in vivo and rat hepatoma H411E cells in culture.We have recently developed two parallel cell culture approaches for examining the molecular basis for these effects.First, we are examining the effects of heavy metals on expression and activation of specific transcription factors known to be involved in regulation of susceptible inducible genes, and have recently observed significant but different effects of arsenic(lll) and chromium(Vl) on nuclear transcription factor binding.Second, we have developed cell lines with stably integrated PEPCK promoter-luciferase reporter gene constructs to examine effects of heavy metals on promoter function, and have also recently seen profound effects induced by both chromium(V1) and arsenic(lil) in this system.These model systems should enable us to be able to identify the critical cis (DNA) and trans (protein) cellular targets of heavy metal exposure leading to alterations in expression of specific susceptible genes.It is anticipated that such information will provide valuable insight into the mechanistic basis for these effects as well as provide sensitive molecular biomarkers for evaluating human exposure.
NCCN NewsCancer Care in an Election Year, Palliative Care Challenges, Incorporating Patient Values, and Guidelines Updates Featured at the NCCN Annual ConferenceNCCN Publishes New Patient Education Resources for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Hodgkin Lymphoma—a Rare, Yet Curable, CancerNCCN, in Collaboration with Pfizer, Awards 10 Grants for Provider Performance and Quality in Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer Initiatives
Authors: Toby Campbell, Maria Dans
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

at The Diplomat in Hollywood, Florida.Approximately 1,700 physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other oncology stakeholders and representatives of the business sector are expected to attend.Two roundtable discussions will look at the impact the election and a new administration could have on cancer and health policy, as well as palliative care and end-of-life issues from a patient and provider perspective.A host of other sessions will tackle topics such as strategies for safe and effective opioid prescribing, sexual function in cancer survivors, and controversies in breast cancer screening strategies."The NCCN 21st Annual Conference is a true illustration of the remarkable impact that our organization and its esteemed Member Institutions have had in the treatment of people with cancer, as well as the relevancy of and demand for the library of NCCN Guidelines," said Robert W. Carlson, MD, Chief Executive Officer, NCCN."This year's conference not only features milestones and advancements in cancer therapy, screening, and supportive care, but also brings together renowned experts to tackle key challenges in the US health care system, as well as issues surrounding integrating personal values into treatment planning."
SPONTANEOUS UMBILICAL HÆMORRHAGE IN NEWLY-BORN INFANTS.Read before the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, February 4, 1891.
Authors: J. WESLEY BOVEE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

(Concluded from page 547.) <i>Diagnosis</i>.—The diagnosis of this condition is usually not difficult. The appearance of blood on the dressings about the navel usually leads to examination of it and of the cord if still attached. The bleeding will be noticed in nearly every case. When it occurs from the end of the cord it may be mistaken for bleeding due to defective ligation. It may occur at various intervals and in small quantities, thus escaping detection. Especially will this be the case if the blood be very hydræmic or if containing much bile. If the bleeding of this nature be from the end of the cord successive ligation will probably prove futile and the true nature of the malady will be recognized. There will be evidences of a constitutional affection, denoted by purpuric spots, hæmorrhage from other parts of the body, jaundice and other unmistakable symptoms. <i>Treatment</i>.—The treatment of
How free care reduced hypertension in the health insurance experiment
Authors: E. B. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In a controlled trial of the effects of medical insurance on spending and health status, we previously reported lower average (0.8 mm Hg) diastolic blood pressures with free care than with cost-sharing plans. We show herein that for clinically defined hypertensives, blood pressures with free care were significantly lower (1.9 mm Hg) than with cost-sharing plans, with a larger difference for low-income hypertensives than for high-income hypertensives (3.5 vs 1.1 mm Hg), but similar differences for blacks and whites. The cause of the difference was the additional contact with physicians under free care; this led to better detection and treatment of hypertensives not under care at the start of the study. Free care also led to higher compliance by hypertensives with diet and smoking recommendations and higher use of medication by those who needed it. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1926-1931)
Evaluation of Some Roentgenographic Signs in Sickle Cell Anemia and Its Variants
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thioridazine toxicity. Agranulocytosis and hepatitis with encephalopathy
Authors: P. L. Weiden
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 54-year-old man developed agranulocytosis and hepatitis seven weeks following institution of thioridazine therapy. Agranulocytosis resolved after 14 days without specific therapy, but the hepatitis resulted in deterioration of liver function, hepatic encephalopathy, and cardiac arrest. Following resuscitation and recovery, myasthenia gravis was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of the simultaneous occurrence of agranulocytosis and hepatitis during thioridazine therapy, and of hepatic coma related to the use of this phenothiazine.
Mammography screening in women under age 50 years
Authors: Laszlo Tabar, Nicholas E. Day, Peter B. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Eddy et al<sup>1</sup>about the value of mammographic screening for women aged 40 to 49 years. We agree that current data permit only an estimate of the quantitative benefits (ie, reduction in breast cancer mortality), with a wide range of uncertainty in this age group, but we feel that the problem of determining the usefulness of mammography is compounded by the continual improvements in this technique. Mammography as carried out in the Health Insurance Plan study, on which Eddy et al base most of their conclusions, has little relevance to present-day practice and should not form the basis of future policy. Compared with the Health Insurance Plan study, the two-county Swedish study, based essentially on single-view mammography as practiced in the late 1970s, achieved both a higher sensitivity of mammography and approximately twice the lead time.<sup>2,3</sup>The earlier