tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 806: Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) signals Tissue Factor (TF)-dependent Fibrin formation in vivo
Authors: Marie-Luise von Bruehl, Lenka Grahl, Ildiko Konrad, Michael Lorenz, Christian Schulz, Christoph Reinhardt, Davit Manukyan, Berid Altmann, Silke Dlugai, Nigel Mackman, Bernd Engelmann, Steffen Massberg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Pathological fibrin formation is a predominant cause for arterial thrombosis, triggering myocardial infarction and stroke. Tissue factor (TF), which is expressed by vascular endothelium and cell-derived microparticles, is a central trigger of intravascular fibrin generation. In intact blood vessels, TF is only minimally active, and the coagulation system is down-regulated. In contrast, TF is rapidly stimulated following endothelial disruption. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger fibrin formation via regulation of TF activation are largely undefined. Methods and Results: Here, we have identified a novel pathway that leads to TF activation in vitro and contributes to intravascular coagulation in vivo. We show that the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) induces disulfide formation of the Cys186/Cys209 pair located in the extracellular domain of TF. In vitro, PDI-mediated disulfide formation led to profound activation of TF. In vivo, we found that PDI is not present in the intact vessel wall, but becomes abundantly expressed following vessel damage. We show that injured smooth muscle cells and adherent/activated platelets are the major cellular sources of PDI at sites of vascular injury. We then assessed fibrin formation following injury of the common carotid artery using intravital microscopy. We observed that PDI-blockade strongly reduced fibrin formation by approximately 45– 60%. Likewise, intravenous infusion of PDI significantly enhanced TF-dependent fibrin formation. Together, this implies that PDI initiates coagulation in vitro and also during arterial thrombosis in vivo. Notably, PDI did not act on platelets to trigger intravascular coagulation. Correspondingly, PDI blockade also inhibited fibrin formation, when platelet adhesion was prevented using a function-blocking anti-GPVI antibody. Conclusion: These findings reveal for the first time in vivo that the thiol isomerase PDI is a major molecular trigger of blood coagulation, which is exposed after vessel injury and converts TF into its functionally active form. Hence, PDI represents a promising novel target for the treatment of pathologic fibrin formation in patients with thrombotic disorders.
Epithelial Papillomas of the Nose and Paranasal Sinus
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recombinant interferon-α in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: C Lai
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of interferon-α in hepatocellular carcinoma, 71 adult Chinese patients with histologically proven inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma were randomized to receive recombinant interferon-α2a (50 × 106 IU/m2) intramuscularly three times a week (n = 35) or no antitumor therapy (n = 36). The survival of interferon-α–treated patients was significantly better than that of patients who received no antitumor therapy (p = 0.0471); median lengths of survival were 14.5 and 7.5 wk, respectively. Objective tumor regression greater than 50% was observed in 31.4% (11 of 35) of patients receiving interferon-α. Interferon-α induced tumor regression greater than 50% in 11(31.4%) patients. Compared with the group receiving no antitumor therapy, the interferon-α therapy group had more tumor regression (p < 0.0001) and less tumor progression (p = 0.001). This high-dose interferon-α therapy was relatively well tolerated; only 34.3% of patients required reduction of dosage by one third or one half because of persistent fatigue. Two patients with diabetes mellitus (one also had tabes dorsalis) exhibited mental deterioration that might have been partially attributable to interferon-α therapy. We conclude that interferon-α is useful in a proportion of Chinese patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma, both in prolonging survival and in inducing tumor regression. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:389–394.)
COPPER SULPHATE INSUFFICIENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION.
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Karim Fizazi, Charles G. Drake, Tomasz M. Beer, et al. Final Analysis of the Ipilimumab Versus Placebo Following Radiotherapy Phase III Trial in Postdocetaxel Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Identifies an Excess of Long-term Survivors. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.032
Authors: Ethan B. Ludmir, Zachary R. McCaw, Lee-Jen Wei
Journal: European Urology (2020)
All change
Authors: Sandeep Kumar Goyal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

towards inspiring medical students and residents.So would making residency programmes the focus of the first waves of clinical transformation.Training programmes could become laboratories for change, producing new doctors who expect to work in high performance settings.The US also needs to explore changes in residency training that offer students more flexibility and focused training opportunities within primary care. 29Currently, the generalist specialties, accrediting bodies for training programmes, and certifying boards operate semi-autonomously; however there is sufficient reason for them to consider collaborating to promote innovation.Such change may be essential to ensure the next generation of capable primary care doctors. Time for experimentationBy some measures of sufficiency, the primary care workforce in the US has never been more capable of caring for people.Is it just in time to witness its demise, or just in time to retool and transform its clinical models and role in the healthcare system?The problems and possibilities may be coming into adequate alignment to permit a previously unthinkable period of experimentation.Such experiments could include how primary care is financed, how it may be protected from financial cannibalism by secondary and tertiary care, how it is organised, and how it is taught.Innovation and experimentation will be essential such that when, not if, the US healthcare economic engine finally overheats, tested options will be available for building a sustainable system built on primary care.
Continuous positive airway pressure for sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome: usefulness of a 2 week trial to identify factors associated with long term use
Authors: G Popescu, M Latham, V Allgar, M W Elliott
Journal: Thorax (2001)

BACKGROUND The sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) is common and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective. However, not all patients can cope with the demands of using mask positive pressure. Compliance can be improved with an intensive educational programme and patient support, but this is not practical in most centres given the large numbers of patients coming forward for treatment. Several studies have evaluated correlations between various parameters at diagnosis in order to anticipate patients' behaviour and to avoid the social and health implications of undertreated SAHS. We have evaluated the use of additional data derived during a 2 week home CPAP trial to identify factors associated with longer term use of CPAP and compliance. METHODS Following a diagnostic study, 209 patients were offered a CPAP machine for a 2 week home trial. After completing the trial, patients were reassessed and scored their overall satisfaction with CPAP treatment on a five point scale ranging from “much worse” to “much better” and an Epworth score relating to the loan period. Machine run time was recorded from the integral clock. These data were added to those available at diagnosis to construct models indicative of continuing CPAP and average nightly use at 1 year. RESULTS 209 patients were offered the 2 week loan at least a year before June 1999 (90.9% men, mean (SD) age 51.0 (10.6) years, body mass index (BMI) 34.6 (7.7) kg/m 2 , Epworth score 15 (IQR 11–18), apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) 38.1 (22.9) events/h). 153 patients (73.2%) opted to continue CPAP and 56 declined. One year later data were available for 187 patients; 128 (68.5% on an intention to treat analysis) continued to use the machine with a mean use of 5.0 (2.4) hours/night. A logistic regression model indicated that mean CPAP use during the loan period and the overall satisfaction score accurately defined continuing CPAP and “satisfactory” CPAP use at 1 year. For patients with low machine use and no symptomatic improvement during the loan period, the addition of baseline AHI, baseline Epworth score, and the Epworth score at the end of the loan to the equation identifying factors associated with “satisfactory” CPAP use (mean &gt;2 hours/night) improved the value of the model. CONCLUSION Data derived from a 2 week CPAP trial are useful in identifying patients who will comply with CPAP treatment to 1 year. It can be used to identify patients with significant symptomatic disease who will struggle with CPAP and may benefit from additional education and support. High mean hourly use and a high degree of overall satisfaction during the loan period identified patients likely to use CPAP and be compliant with it at 1 year.
Is survivorship care plan discussion important to patients?
Authors: Amy Eiko Leatherwood, Charles R. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e276 Background: The 2015 Commission on Cancer standard requires that cancer survivors receive a personalized survivorship care plan (SCP). There are variations on how this plan is delivered, depending on time and available staff. These can include mailing the SCP, delivering the SCP at the conclusion of a visit, and fully discussing the SCP at a survivorship visit. There is a need to evaluate the growth in patient satisfaction with not only receipt of SCP, but also personalized care and education regarding the SCP and follow up. Methods: A simple, anonymous questionnaire was routinely given, for quality assurance purposes, to cancer patients who had completed treatment in a radiation oncology setting. Patients were given the questionnaire at the conclusion of a survivorship visit, during which they had received an SCP with full discussion and explanation by the nurse practitioner. The questionnaire asks two questions: 1) Did you find the survivorship visit helpful and/or educational? 2) Was it more helpful to have the survivorship summary explained to you in person? These questions could be answered with a “yes” or “no” answer. Results: This data collection is at a preliminary stage. We received 19 completed questionnaires from patients. Of these 19 questionnaires, 18/19 or 95% of responses were “yes” for question 1. For question 2, 18/19 or 95% of responses were “yes.” Conclusions: This information on patient-perceived value of survivorship visits and SCPs is at an early stage, and more responses will be needed to confirm its validity in the future; however, preliminary data show that the majority of patients are finding survivorship summaries to be helpful and educational to them. Patients are also indicating that visits “in person,” with face-to-face explanation of survivorship summaries, are more helpful than receiving a summary without verbal involvement or explanation.
Urgent need to increase folic acid consumption
Authors: G. P. Oakley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Many Americans do not consume enough of folic acid, a B vitamin. In the last 5 years, it has been shown that increasing folate consumption with folic acid supplements will prevent some birth defects and may reduce the risk of occlusive vascular disease.<sup>1-3</sup>Consumption of supplemental folic acid in addition to folates contained in the usual diet can prevent half to three quarters of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA), two of the most common and severe birth defects. Furthermore, for many people increased consumption of folic acid substantially lowers the plasma concentration of homocysteine, an emerging risk factor for occlusive cardiovascular disease. See also p 1698. Folates are a class of compounds with the vitamin properties of folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid). Folic acid is a folate that is used in vitamin supplements, and a number of other folate compounds occur naturally in foods, such as green vegetables.
An exploratory study to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of radiation therapy in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with renal cell cancer.
Authors: Jianqing Lin, Jean H. Hoffman-Censits, William Kevin Kelly, Madalina Tuluc, Colette Shaw, Sherin Philipose, Benjamin E. Leiby, Jennifer Louie, Larry Harshyne, Rhonda Kean, Voichita Bar-Ad, Robert Benjamin Den, Mark Hurwitz, Jennifer Maria Johnson, Christine Hubert, Sandeep Deshmukh, Adam Dicker, D. Craig Hooper, Bo Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e16058 Background: Preclinical data suggest there are synergistic effects of radiation therapy (RT) and check point inhibitors in anticancer immunity. The primary objective of this study was to explore the immunomodulatory activity of RT alone or in combination with Pembrolizumab (pembro) in solid tumors including renal cell cancer (RCC) patients (pts). Methods: RCC pts who progressed after at least one front-line therapy were eligible. Pts were treated with either RT (8Gy x 1 or 4Gy x 5) followed by (f/b)pembro or 1 dose pembro f/b RT f/b pembro. Pre- and post RT tumor biopsy was obtained to evaluate PD-L1 expression (assay by QualTeck). Immune markers from peripheral blood before, during, and after treatment were analyzed using flow cytometry. Treatment response was measured based on modified RECIST criteria. Results: Twelve RCC patients were enrolled including 2 with non-clear cell subtype. One pt was not evaluable since pt quickly deteriorated and was taken off study. As of January 13, 2017, 2 pts are still on active treatment. Two pts had partial response (18%) and were on study for at 54 and 63 weeks. One responder was treated with 8 Gy f/b pembro while 1 was treated with 1 dose pembro f/b RT f/b pembro. Five pts had stable disease of 18 to 45 weeks and 4 pts (36%, non-responders) had progression in 9 weeks. For adverse events, 1 pt developed grade 3 pneumonitis after 10 cycles of pembro (RT to adrenal mets). Grade 3 AEs include Fatigue, Nausea, Hyperglycemia, Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and AST elevation (post RT for liver mets). PDL1 expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes presence after RT showed various patterns. Preliminary flow cytometry showed persistent higher numbers of monocytes in non-responders comparing with responders. CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells and other markers are under analyzed and the results will be presented. Conclusions: The combination of RT (8Gy or 20Gy) with pembro is feasible and tolerated, and demonstrates clinical activity. The AE profile is similar to single agent pembro. Monocytes, T and NK cell kinetics are being examined. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02318771) Clinical trial information: NCT02318771.
Manual of Military Urology Including Venereal Diseases, Skin Diseases and Wounds of the Genito-Urinary Organs.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RADICAL OR SIMPLE MASTECTOMY?
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modeling Organic Chemical Fate in Aquatic Systems: Significance of Bioaccumulation and Relevant Time-Space Scales
Authors: Robert V. Thomann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The importance of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contributing to human dose is derived.It is shown that for chemicals with log octanol water partition coefficients greater than about 3, the role of food chain transfer to fish consumed by humans becomes the more dominant route over drinking water.Modeling of aquatic food chain bioaccumulation then becomes necessary to accurately estimate dose of such chemicals to humans.The relevant time and space scales for groundwater and surface water also indicate a division of organic chemicals at a log octanol water partition coefficient of about 3. For chemicals greater than that level, groundwater transport is minimal, while for chemicals with log octanol water coefficients of less than about 3, detention times are long relative to surface water and biodegradation processes become more significant.An illustration is given of modeling the groundwater transport of two organic chemicals (BCEE and benzene) and a metal (chromium) at a Superfund site.The model indicates that after 10 years only a relatively small fraction of the chemicals had traveled in the groundwater about 300 m to the point of release from the site to surface water.On the other hand, steady state in the adjacent stream and lake is reached rapidly over a distance of 2000 m, illustrating the difference in spatial and temporal scales for the groundwater and surface water.
Workforce Planning: Estimating Emergency Physicians and Uncovering Primary Care
Authors: Loren A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his article,<sup>1</sup>Dr Kindig cites master file data from the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) to count generalist physicians and list ratios of these per 100 000 population. In the category of emergency medical services, these data appear to be seriously flawed. Kindig lists the total number of emergency physicians as 14 334, for a ratio of 5.6 per 100 000 population. However, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) has estimated the number of practicing emergency physicians to be in the area of 27 000, or nearly double the number cited by Kindig (census data from climate surveys, ACEP). Membership data from the California chapter of the ACEP demonstrates that there are well over 3000 practicing physicians in California alone, which would yield a ratio close to 10 per 100 000. This apparent discrepancy in the case of emergency
A physiological approach to the surgical treatment of the dumping syndrome
Authors: E. A. Stemmer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One of the most perplexing complications of otherwise successful gastric surgery is the development of a complex of gastrointestinal and vasomotor symptoms commonly referred to as the dumping syndrome. Although not fatal, the severity of symptoms may be so great that the patient cannot lead a normal life and in some instances may be unable to continue his usual occupation. The reported incidence of the dumping syndrome following gastrectomy ranges as high as 70% or 80% in various series but is ordinarily significant in only 5% to 12% of patients. The voluminous work on the subject since its first description by Denechau in 1907 attests to its importance and the difficulty of adequate explanation of the symptom complex. Attempts to treat such patients are frustrating for the physician and discouraging to the patient who sometimes thinks that he has traded a benign disease with a specific treatment for a disabling