tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clues to the bedside diagnosis of mild idiopathic subaortic stenosis
Authors: R. Reeve
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE CLINICAL and hemodynamic findings in patients with severe idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) are very well known, but occasionally are not recognized, and mild cases are easily missed. An increase in duration and intensity of the murmur with the Valsalva maneuver, found only in IHSS, has been helpful in identifying mild cases.<sup>1</sup>The absence of this finding, however, does not exclude the diagnosis of IHSS. The following brief case report suggests that the increase in intensity of the murmur may be more sensitive than pressure changes during the Valsalva maneuver in identifying mild cases of IHSS. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This patient, a muscular 37-year-old man, had no family history of heart disease. A murmur was first heard during a high school physical examination and was thought to be "functional." He participated actively in sports until the age of 33, when he had syncope following exercise. He has
Use of Denaturing-Gradient Gel Electrophoresis to Study Chromium-Induced Point Mutations in Human Cells
Authors: Jia Chen, William G. Thilly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A large number of hprtmutants were obtained by treating human lymphoblast cells (TK6) with 5 pM K2Cr2O7 for 5 hr and selecting by growth in 6- thioguanine.A combination of high fidelity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) allowed us to mea- sure mutant frequencies as a function of DNA sequence.Chromium(VI) induced four hotspots in a 104 bp domain of hprt exon 3. Substitutions at G:C base pairs were the predominant mutations.One of the chromium-induced hotspots was located at the same position as previously determined hydrogen peroxide and benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide hotspots.-
Another use for vitamin E?
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer vaccines
Authors: Drew M. Pardoll
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1993)

1993 represents the 100th anniversary of William Coley's first report of tumour regressions induced by immune system activation in response to bacterial toxins. While many subsequent cancer vaccine trials have yielded tantalizing results, active immunotherapy has not yet become an established modality of cancer therapy. Drew Pardoll reviews newer molecular vaccine approaches based on rational immunological principles that have resulted in improved systemic antitumour effects in animal models. Ultimately the genetic definition of tumour-specific antigens will allow the development of targeted antigen-specific vaccines for cancer therapy.
INSURANCE AND MEDICAL DEFENSE.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Extracts from the Milroy Lectures on the Etiology and Prevention of Phthisis
Authors: A. Ransome
Journal: BMJ (1890)

THE BRITISE MEDICAL JOUrNAL.585 case very little blood was lost, not more, in fact, than in any normal labour.In extracting the child I prefer to do so head first rather than by the feet as taught in textbooks, as, the head once removed, the body follows easily when no time is given for the uterus to contract.In the case just reported this procedure was followed, as only eight minutes had elapsed from the first incision in the abdominal wall till the child was extraceted.Owing to the high position oE the head, the presentation being breebch, before rupturing the membranes I carefully turned the child some- what by pressing upon its right shoulder till I got the head im- mediately under the incision, when the membranes were opened and the child speedily extracted.The patient was sterilised by
Reply
Authors: D. Hollander, A. S Tarnawski
Journal: Gut (1987)

Previously, we demonstrated that transection of the fimbria/fornix blocked the excitatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on startle (CRH-enhanced startle), suggesting that the hippocampus and its efferent target areas that communicate via the fimbria may be critically involved in CRH-enhanced startle. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) receives direct projections from the ventral hippocampus via the fimbria/fornix. Therefore, the role of the ventral hippocampus, the BNST, and the amygdala in CRH-enhanced startle was investigated. NMDA lesions of the BNST completely blocked CRH-enhanced startle, whereas chemical lesions of the ventral hippocampus and the amygdala failed to block CRH-enhanced startle. However, the same amygdala-lesioned animals showed a complete blockade of fear-potentiated startle, a conditioned fear response sensitive to manipulations of the amygdala. In contrast, BNST-lesioned rats had normal fear-potentiated startle. This indicates a double dissociation between the BNST and the amygdala in two different paradigms that enhance startle amplitude. Microinfusions of CRH into the BNST, but not into the ventral hippocampus, mimicked intracerebroventricular CRH effects. Furthermore, infusion of a CRH antagonist into the BNST blocked CRH-enhanced startle in a dose-dependent manner. Control studies showed that this blockade did not result from either leakage of the antagonist into the ventricular system or a local anesthetic effect caused by infusion of the antagonist into the BNST. The present studies strongly suggest that CRH in the CSF can activate the BNST, which could lead to activation of brainstem and hypothalamic BNST target areas involved in anxiety and stress responses.
Author index
Authors: P Connelly, G Conte, F Costantini, M Co ˆte ´, C Coudray, C Couillard, C Courtney, P Couture, G Cowan, K Cox, N Cox, D Cozzolino, A Crain, M Criqui, J Critchley, M Cubero, L Cui, G Curatola, J Curb, K Cureton, K Currie, L Cynober, G Kahaly, T Kahara, Y Kajimoto, K Kajita, M Kalia, J Kallio, T Kanaki, K Kanauchi, M Kanauchi, T Kaneko, S.-K Kang, Y Kanoh, A Kanu, J Kasem, S Katayama, K Kato
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Radioactive fallout and cancer
Authors: J. L. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Raring is correct that<i>JAMA</i>erroneously printed "&lt;500 g" in Table 2 instead of "&lt;1,500 g." However, there is no conflict between the Oregon data and that of SIDS researchers. Infants of low birth weight who survive the postneonatal period are more susceptible to SIDS than infants with higher birth weights. The data in the Tables are only concerned with mortality. Once an infant has survived the postneonatal period, long-term survival is the most probable outcome regardless of birth weight. The Oregon data also show a three to ten times increased risk of SIDS among low-birth-weight infants. The lower the birth weight, the greater the risk. The data provided by Capps et al is an interesting expansion of information on this subject. Unfortunately, the small and heterogeneous nonwhite Oregon population precluded meaningful similar stratification by race and age.
Incidence of Pap Test Abnormalities Within 3 Years of a Normal Pap Test—United States, 1991-1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Declines in cervical cancer incidence and mortality reported in the United States since the 1950s have been attributed to early detection and treatment of precancerous and cancerous lesions through the use of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test (1). More than 50 million Pap tests are performed each year (2); however, guidelines about the frequency of testing in women with a history of normal test results are inconsistent (3-5). To determine the incidence of cervical cytologic abnormalities following a normal Pap test, 1991-1998 data from the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) were analyzed for this report (6). The findings indicated that within 3 years of a normal Pap test result, severe cytologic abnormalities were uncommon, and incidence rates were similar among women screened 1, 2, and 3 years following a normal Pap test.
Match March
Authors: Miles K. Crowder
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Golden nicely addresses many aspects of the senior medical students search for first-year residency positions in his COMMENTARY, "Match March." His plea for reform on the part of program directors and increased personal sensitivity is well taken and should be heeded. Golden chooses to cite specifically psychiatry, along with obstetrics and gynecology, for condemnation, indicating that directors of psychiatric residencies operate "contrary to the rules of the NRMP, exert strong pressures for commitments to their programs," and "commit their positions as early as ten or 11 months before the beginning of the internship." He also implies that students are often assured a position as a psychiatric residency only to find themselves "bereft of a program on Match Day in March." I think Golden gets a bit carried away. His criticism of psychiatric programs seems exaggerated, and his analysis suffers from incompleteness. It is true that there is substantial discussion and
Cancer Control Science Associates Program (CCSAP)
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Journal Article Cancer Control Science Associates Program (CCSAP) Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 73, Issue 5, November 1984, Page 1244, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/73.5.1244-b Published: 01 November 1984
Are all significant P values created equal? The analogy between diagnostic tests and clinical research
Authors: W. S. Browner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Just as diagnostic tests are most helpful in light of the clinical presentation, statistical tests are most useful in the context of scientific knowledge. Knowing the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test is necessary, but insufficient: the clinician must also estimate the prior probability of the disease. In the same way, knowing the<i>P</i>value and power, or the confidence interval, for the results of a research study is necessary but insufficient: the reader must estimate the prior probability that the research hypothesis is true. Just as a positive diagnostic test does not mean that a patient has the disease, especially if the clinical picture suggests otherwise, a significant<i>P</i>value does not mean that a research hypothesis is correct, especially if it is inconsistent with current knowledge. Powerful studies are like sensitive tests in that they can be especially useful when the results are negative. Very low<i>P</i>values are like very specific tests; both result in few false-positive results due to chance. This Bayesian approach can clarify much of the confusion surrounding the use and interpretation of statistical tests. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2459-2463)
Ketoconazole for Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial—Correction
Authors: Kenneth Schulz, David Moher, Thomas Chalmers, Douglas Altman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

future CONSORT group discussions to receive feedback from other CONSORT group members.We disagree with Drs Djulbegovic and Clarke, however, that the CONSORT statement should explicitly address ethics.We wrote, "Some items not considered essential may well be highly desirable and should still be included in an RCT report even though they are not included in CONSORT.Such items include approval of an institutional ethical review board . . .." 1 Thus, its omission does not indicate that it is unimportant.Quite the contrary, the self-evident importance of such oversight leads to widespread institutional and journal review.Moreover, international organizations, such as the World Medical Association, and national organizations, such as the Office for Human Research Protections in the United States, provide thorough guidance.The CONSORT statement cannot add much to those extensive efforts.Djulbegovic and Clarke state that "a randomized trial can adhere to all of the CONSORT statement's recommendations and still be biased if the investigators have selected an inferior comparator intervention for their control group."As a point of clarification, they use the term "biased" in an unusual and potentially inappropriate context.Bias usually refers to issues of internal validity. 2In that context, a trial could be methodologically sound thereby producing an unbiased comparison between an intervention group and a placebo/no therapy control group, but that control group could still be ethically inappropriate, or vice versa.Unless we receive clear indications to the contrary from the CONSORT group, we will leave specific ethical issues to the layers of ethical review groups that embody expertise in that area.We have never suggested that the CONSORT statement is all encompassing.It facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs by providing guidance to authors on how to improve the reporting of their trials. 1,2We intend to keep the items addressed to a reasonable number.Nevertheless, the CONSORT statement is an evolving document.We appreciate Djulbegovic and Clarke leading us to reevaluate this topic and encourage such suggestions.Within the constraints of brevity, we will continually appraise potential additions to the statement.
Abstract 1687: Identification of bladder cancer subtypes with different sensitivities to immunotherapy
Authors: In-Sun Chu, Bic-Na Song, Sun-Hee Leem
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) is pathologically categorized as non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive (MIBC) bladder cancers. But its clinical heterogeneity has been suggested that biologically relevant subtypes may exist within and between NMIBC and MIBC. Here we identified that BLCA could be subgrouped into four major classes with distinct molecular characteristics regardless of previously known clinicopathological factors, using a series of unsupervised learning approaches. The predictor to discriminate distinct molecular subgroups of BLCA was constructed in a training cohort and validated in six independent cohorts with a total of 1,992 samples. The predictor showed a prognostic significance of the four subtype of BLCA, especially aggressive clinical behavior of the class 3 subtype. Interestingly, class 3 subtype has distinct biological features associated with potential responsiveness to immunotherapy, such as high somatic mutation rates and alterations of genes involved in DNA damage response and repair (DDR). Analyses of anti-PD-L1-treated BLCA patient tumor samples suggested that class 3 subtype was correlated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our findings have the potential to lead to the improvement of the current molecular classification system of BLCA and the achievement of better clinical outcomes for high-risk patients with BLCA treated with immunotherapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: In-Sun Chu, Bic-Na Song, Sun-Hee Leem. Identification of bladder cancer subtypes with different sensitivities to immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1687.
59P Characterization of PD-L1 expression in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer patients with PTEN IHC as a means for sample quality screening
Authors: X-C. Zhang, C. Sun, Z. Xie, X. Cao, J-J. Guo, J-J. Yang, X-N. Yang, H. Dai, J. Lee, F. Xu, Y-X. Zuo, M. Chen, J. He, A. Kiermaier, D. Shames, G. Cheng, Y-L. Wu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Jesse L. Steinfeld
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We wish to thank Dr. James for his comments and are grateful for the opportunity to expand upon our discussion of the toxic manifestations of cyclophosphamide. In the original version of the manuscript we included a comment on sterile hemorrhagic cystitis along with the references quoted. In order to reduce the review aspects of our manuscript we deleted reference to types of tumors and to forms of toxicity with which we did not have personal experience. We believe that the reason our patients did not develop hemorrhagic cystitis was that we employed vigorous hydration in all patients receiving large intravenous dosages of cyclophosphamide. With vigorous hydration the complication of hemorrhagic cystitis is minimized or does not occur at all. Our original reason for encouraging or forcing fluids was to prevent hyperuricemia and ureteral obstruction if significant tumor lysis occurred. Despite our attempts at hydration the latter complication
New State Medical School Opens
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Women currently reap main benefits of LH-RH research
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
State-Specific Variation in Rates of Twin Births—United States, 1992-1994
Journal: JAMA (1997)

During 1980-1994, the number of twin births in the United States increased by 42%, from 68,339 to 97,064, and the twin birth rate (i.e., the number of twin births to total live births) increased 30%, from 18.9 to 24.6 per 1000 live births. These increases are important because the risks for preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW), long-term disability, and early death are greater for twins than for singletons (1; CDC, unpublished data, 1991). to estimate state-specific rates of twin births, CDC analyzed data from the U.S. certificates of birth for 1992-1994. This report presents the findings of this analysis of these data, which indicate that state-specific rates of twin births varied substantially, and the variations reflect factors other than state-specific differences in maternal age distributions.
Normalization of serum lactic dehydrogenase in β‐thalassemia patients following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Amos Toren, Reuven Or, Joseph Kapelushnik, Gabriel Chividalli, Memet Aku, Shimon Slavin, Arnon Nagler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are mildly elevated in β-thalassemia major due to ineffective erythropoiesis. We reviewed the charts of 15 consecutive thalassemic children who underwent allogeneic, T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in our department during the last 3 years. Eleven patients had successful engraftment and are alive and well without evidence of disease, according to physical examinations, blood counts, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, with a median follow-up of 2 years. Two patients died due to transplantation-related complications, and two rejected the graft and received their backup autologous marrow. The LDH levels in the transplanted patients gradually decreased from an average of 952 ± 155 IU/L 10 days pre-transplant (N = 300–620) to 426 ± 56 IU/L at the day of transplantation, and stayed at approximately the same level post-transplant (489 ± 55 IU/L). By contrast, the LDH levels reverted to the pre-transplant value in those patients who rejected their marrow. The significance of this clinical observation for the pathophysiologic mechanism of intramedullary hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia major is discussed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.