tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: A criminal approach to abortion.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

It could have reasonably been expected that both discussion and debate regarding abortion might diminish after the exhaustive Lane inquiry of 1967 which showed that there were considerably more positive than negative gains from the British Abortion Act. A year later a select committee of the House of Commons is having another inquiry after a 2nd reading of an Abortion (Amendment) Bill. The amendment, if law, would effect abortion in the following ways; 1) it would allow abortion only in a situation of grave risk to the life or physical or mental health of a woman or any of her living children; 2) it would make it illegal for a doctor to advise a minor, under the age of 16, concerning abortion without a parent or guardian present or to advise concerning abortion without a discussion of available alternatives; and 3) a doctor charged with a violation of the amended Act, would be required to prove his innocence rather than the usual requirement of the state to prove guilt. These provisions undermine a doctor's professional freedom and hinder provision of the best of patient care. The intent of the Bill's sponsors is to limit the number of abortions by creating a legally threatening procedure, particularly for minors. The Lane inquiry expected this reaction, and stressed that abortion laws should be liberalized, for attempts to change a woman's decision to have an abortion were both inhuman and ineffective. Certainly repressive legislation is not the answer. In fact, it is the deficiencies in the care provided by the National Health Service that have led to women seeking abortions privately and have subsequently led to the most notorious abuses. The National Health Service failed to respond to the recommendations of the Lane inquiry which called for an analysis of service delivery to women seeking abortions and improvement of the services by increasing medical personnel or developing new departments if necessary, but the Department of Health must respond now and must provide the necessary care so women will not be forced to seek the assistance of racketeers.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Prevalence of High Total Cholesterol* Among Adults Aged ≥20 Years,† by Age Group and Sex — National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018
Authors: Craig Hales
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

Both sexesMen Women Percentage ≥20 yrs 20-39 yrs 40-59 yrs ≥60 yrs Sex * Defined as serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL.† Estimates for the category of persons aged ≥20 years were age-adjusted by the direct method to the year 2000 U.S. Census population using the age groups 20-39, 40-59 and ≥60 years.Estimates are presented with 95% confidence intervals indicated by error bars.During 2015-2018, the prevalence of high total cholesterol among adults aged ≥20 years was 11.4%, with no significant difference between men (10.5%) and women (12.1%).Prevalence was highest among adults aged 40-59 years (15.7%),followed by those aged ≥60 years (11.4%), and lowest among those aged 20-39 years (7.5%).Among men, the prevalence was highest among those aged 40-59 years (14.5%),followed by those aged 20-39 years (9.5%), and lowest among those aged ≥60 years (6.0%).Among women, the pattern was different, with women aged 20-39 years (5.5%) having a lower prevalence than either women aged 40-59 years (16.9%) or women aged ≥60 years (15.9%).Prevalence among women aged 20-39 years was lower than that among men in this age group, but prevalence was higher among women aged ≥60 years than it was among men of that age group.There was no significant difference between men and women for adults aged 40-59 years.
Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and MAPK/ERK kinase 1/2 differentially regulate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human malignant astrocytoma cells
Authors: Stacy A. Woods, C. Jane McGlade, Abhijit Guha
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2002)

Neuro-Oncology n O CT O B E R 2 0 0 2 Neuro-Oncology nant astrocytoma cell lines, and their effects on VEGF expression were determined.Northern blot analysis of VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) from cells treated with inhibitors demonstrated cell line-speci c responses.The PI3-kinase pathway regulated both the normoxic expression and hypoxic induction of VEGF in 2 cell lines, whereas MEK1/2 regulated only the normoxic expression in the same 2 lines.The third cell line showed no change in VEGF mRNA with inhibition of either of these 2 pathways.This study suggests that modulation of signaling pathways implicated in proliferation of astrocytoma cell lines may have varying effects in vivo depending on the role these pathways play in regulating tumor angiogenesis.
Pre-existing risk factor profiles in users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy: prospective cohort study in Gothenburg, Sweden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Objective To assess whether risk factor profiles for cardiovascular disease differed, before starting treatment, between women who would subsequently use hormone replacement therapy and those who would remain untreated.Design Prospective population study, initiated in 1968-9, with follow ups in 1974, 1980, and 1992.Setting Gothenburg, Sweden.Participants 1201 women born in 1918, 1922, and 1930, representative of women of the same age in the general population.Main outcome measures Hormone replacement therapy as a function of initial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist and hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides, smoking status, education, leisure time activity, and socioeconomic group.Results 179 of the 1202 women (14.9%) used hormone replacement therapy sometime during the 24 year follow up period.Multivariate models indicated that these women had significantly lower blood pressure, had less obesity, and belonged to a higher social group before the start of treatment than women who would remain untreated.Conclusion Women who would subsequently use hormone replacement therapy were already at lower cardiovascular risk before the start of treatment than women who would remain untreated.Some of the claimed beneficial effects of treatment may thus be explained by women who would use hormone replacement therapy representing a healthier cohort than women who would remain untreated.
Suprasternal Ultrasonography
Authors: Barry B. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Ultrasound has been used to measure the diameters of the aortic arch, right pulmonary artery, and left atrium. This new method is described in detail. The transducer is placed in the suprasternal region and the ultrasonic beam is directed caudad. Cadaver and clinical experiments have confirmed the reliability of the ultrasonic results. Suprasternal ultrasonic readings were obtained on 100 patients, including 52 normals, 18 with hypertensive cardiovascular disease, 24 with rheumatic heart disease, and 6 with congenital heart disease. Excellent correlation between the ultrasonic and angiographic lumen measurements in both healthy and diseased subjects was shown.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, September 1 to October 1, 1964
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, September 1 to October 1, 1964 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 5, November 1964, Pages 905–906, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.5.905-b Published: 01 November 1964
Costly Trend
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dermatology
Authors: J. S. Dover
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This Contempo discussion will review human papillomavirus infection, dysplastic nevi as a precursor of melanoma, and extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Warts, epidermal proliferations caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), have an estimated incidence in young adults of 1.0%.<sup>1</sup>In the United States from 1966 to 1981, there was a sevenfold increase in the number of reported genital wart infections. At least 66 types of HPV have been reported to date; individual HPV types have different clinical manifestations and implications, but HPV type cannot be reproducibly predicted by morphologic criteria.<sup>2</sup>Human papillomavirus transmission usually occurs through skin contact, and warts can occur on any skin site, most commonly on the hands, feet, and genital skin. Genital warts, perhaps the most common sexually transmitted disease (if clinical, subclinical, and latent infections are considered), have at least a 50% chance of transmission of infection in a single sexual contact. Human papillomavirus types 16,18,
IOWA CENTRAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 324: Genetically Mediated Increases in Myocyte Contractility after Myocardial Infarction Exacerbate Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Hongyu Zhang, Xiongwen Chen, Erhe Gao, David Harris, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Xiaoying Zhang, scott Macdonnell, Andrea Eckhart, Walter Koch, Jeffery Molkentin, steven Houser
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Myocyte death induced by ischemia or infarction can lead to depressed cardiac pump function and + inotropic drugs are often employed as therapy. The increased myocyte [Ca 2+ ] required to increase myocyte contractility can also induce cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias and cell death. Our hypothesis is that + inotropic therapies after MI, while they will increase myocyte contractility, will ultimately exacerbate pump dysfunction by increasing myocyte death. METHODS : Double transgenic (TG) mouse lines with inducible (Tet-off system; tTA-TG) and cardiac myocyte specific (αMHC promoter) overexpression of the β2a subunit of the L-type Ca 2+ channel (Cav1.2 β2a (β2a-TG)) were used. Littermates having only one or none trangene (only β2a or tTA or WT) served as controls (CTR). Myocardial infarction (MI) was produced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) was produced by ligating the LAD for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 3 hours (I/R) and then animals were sacrificed. In-vivo cardiac function was measured with the Visual Sonics Velvo 770 system. RESULTS : Myocytes isolated from β2a-TG mice had increased Ca 2+ current (CTR: 13.7 ± 0.7pA/pF, n = 6 vs. TG: 24.3 ± 2.6pA/pF, n = 6; p &lt; 0.05) and contractility (CTR vs. TG VM: 8.0 ± 0.5%, n = 16 vs. 11.9 ± 1.1%, n = 11). Acute I/R resulted into greater Infarct size (the infarcted area vs. total area) in β2a-TG with I/R (62.4 ± 8.4%) than in CTR mice (49.2 ± 2.5%; p &lt; 0.05). Before MI, β2a-TG mice had greater ejection fraction (EF) (73.8 ± 1.2%) than CTRs (68.9 ± 1.3%; p &lt; 0.05). EF was decreased after MI in all mice (β2a-TG: 42.2 ± 7.5% vs. control: 45.2 ± 5.8%, p &lt; ns). However, in β2a-TG mice, EF continued to decrease (27.8 ± 8.0%) at 6 weeks post MI but remained stable in CTRs (40.3 ± 2.9%; p &lt; 0.05). The 6-week post MI survival rate was significantly lower in β2a-TG mice (16.6%) than in CTRs (50.0%; p &lt; 0.05). Infarct size 6 weeks after MI was smaller than in acute I/R, but was still greater in β2a-DTG (45.8 ± 11.8%) than in CTRs (21.7 ± 9.8%; p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION : These results suggest that increasing the contractility of myocytes after MI contributes to infarct expansion and CHF progression, possibly by increasing Ca 2+ -mediated myocyte death.
QT variability has better predictive value than standard methods in identifying arrhythmic events in post-myocardial infarction patients Massimo Iacoviello, Domenica De Laura, Pietro Guida, Brian Rizzon, Filippo Mastropasqua, Paolo Rizzon, Maria V. Pitzalis. Institute of Cardiology-University of Bari, Bari, Italy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Efficacy of lubiprostone in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: N. C. Suares, A. C. Ford
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) is a functional disorder of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract which often leads to persistent symptoms despite treatment. Lubiprostone is a new orally active prostone, which activates type-2 chloride channels in the GI tract, stimulating intestinal fluid secretion and accelerating transit as a result. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy in CIC. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised control trials (RCTs) comparing lubiprostone with placebo in adults with CIC were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference proceedings up to September 2010. Trials were required to use at least 1 week of therapy. CIC was defined using a physician9s opinion, clinical symptoms, or the Rome criteria. Included studies reported dichotomous data assessing patients9 response to therapy. Data were extracted by two investigators independently, using an intention-to-treat analysis, with drop-outs assumed to be treatment failures. Where reported, adverse events data were extracted. Data were pooled using a random effects model, and efficacy of lubiprostone in CIC was reported as a relative risk (RR) of failure to respond to therapy, and a number needed to treat (NNT), with 95% CI. <h3>Results</h3> The search strategy identified 316 citations. Six were retrieved for further evaluation, and three RCTs, containing a total of 610 patients, fulfilled inclusion criteria and yielded extractable data. Duration of therapy was 3 or 4 weeks. Lubiprostone was more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of CIC, with 151 (45.1%) of 335 patients failing to respond to therapy with lubiprostone compared with 184 (66.9%) of 275 taking placebo. The RR of failing to respond to therapy was 0.67 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.80), with an NNT of 5 (95% CI 3 to 7). All three trials used a dose of 24 micrograms of lubiprostone twice daily. When only this dose was considered in the analysis the treatment effect remained very similar (RR 0.64; 95%CI 0.55 to 0.76). Adverse events were reported by 200 patients (59.7%) taking lubiprostone, but only 94 patients (34.2%) taking placebo (RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.65). Diarrhoea and nausea were significantly more common among those assigned to lubiprostone. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Lubiprostone is more efficacious than placebo in the treatment of CIC, though patients receiving active treatment reported a significantly higher rate of adverse events, particularly GI symptoms, and this may limit tolerability.
One or two routine neonatal examinations?
Journal: BMJ (1991)

routinely vetted before acceptance.Thirdly, the health visitors' records of all newly transferred children are scanned on receipt so that the correct immunisation data can be entered on to the computer.Similarly, general practice staff are encouraged to elicit details of immunisation when new patients are registered.Drs Abu Arafeh and Carmichael state that "In that year [1985] the uptake of whooping cough vaccine in the Grampian region was 85%, and it continued unchanged through to 1989-90."They are mistaken on two counts.At the end of 1985 in Grampian the pertussis immunisation rate was 67 81%, and this rose steadily throughout 1986-90, mirroring national trends,' to 93-8% at the end of March 1991.Of the 412 children who were not immunised (cohort size 6638), 98 were described as defaulters, 102 as having medical contraindi- cations, 192 as "parental refusals," and 20 as "reason unknown."Although the rise in the pertussis immunisation rate is encouraging, many children remain un- protected because of possibly false medical contraindications to immunisation and lack of parental understanding.Both factors need to be tackled; the former by scrutiny of listed contraindications with appropriate feedback advice, and the latter by renewed efforts and by closing loopholes in the new general practitioner contract that discourage late immunisation.'
Bee Venom Therapy: Bee Venom, Its Nature, and Its Effect on Arthritic and Rheumatoid Conditions
Journal: JAMA (1935)

This book fails in its purpose of advancing the use of bee venom because most of the evidence is uncritical. The use of bees in medicine is traced from the time of Hippocrates to the present day. The author feels that bee stings are not accepted therapy because of the professional attitude toward lay remedies (as in the case of quinine), the seasonal and rural availability of bees (commercial vemon eliminates this factor), and the difficulty of using the procedure. The low incidence of arthritis in bee keepers and the tolerance of patients with arthritis to bee stings are noted. The venom is claimed to be effective through the increased oxidation (circulation) of the affected part. It is recommended in acute rheumatic fever and endocarditis, arthritis deformans, muscular rheumatism, myalgia, neuritis, migraine and many other conditions. It is stated to be contraindicated in tuberculosis, diabetes, gonorrhea and the "endocrine arthritides."
Hypertension and Low Plasma Renin Activity: Presumptive Evidence for Mineralocorticoid Excess.
Authors: Richard F. Spark
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Hypertension and Low Plasma Renin Activity: Presumptive Evidence for Mineralocorticoid Excess.Richard F. Spark, M.D., James C. Melby, F.A.C.P.Richard F. Spark, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James C. Melby, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-833_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPersistently hyporesponsive plasma renin activity is characteristic of primary aldosteronism and other forms of primary mineralocorticoid excess. Twenty percent of patients with essential hypertension have low renin responsiveness, yet secretion of known mineralocorticoids is normal or low in these patients. If mineralocorticoid excess is the cause of the hyporesponsive renin activity and is contributing to the hypertension in these patients, then spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid antagonist, should reverse the hypertension in these selected cases. Eight hypertensive study patients (blood pressure, 178/116 mm Hg) with low plasma renin activity and low aldosterone secretory rate were studied with a comparison group of 15... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySynthesis of two new hydroxylated derivatives of spironolactone by microbial transformation 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 833-833KeywordsAldosteroneBlood pressureHypertensionMineralocorticoidsPlasma renin activity Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Translocation renal cell carcinomas: An evolving entity.
Authors: Richard Martin Bambury, Claire Brady, Aoife McCarthy, Stewart Fleming, Nicholas J. Mayer, Derek Gerard Power
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

472 Background: Translocation renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are a novel, rare and distinct clinicopathological entity. The term refers to RCCs with overexpression of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) due to translocation involving the Xp11 locus or less commonly with overexpression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) due to a t(6:11) translocation. In children it is estimated that these tumours account for 40% of RCCs but in adults this proportion is estimated to be 1-4%. As these neoplasms are only recently recognised, outcome data are premature. We report 2 cases of translocation RCC in an Irish regional cancer centre and describe clinicopathological characteristics and early outcome. Methods: In our recent practice, 2 renal cell carcinomas were suspected to be translocation tumours based on morphology and immunohistochemical features (RCC+/CK7-/EMA-). Using immunohistochemistry we tested for expression of TFE3 and TFEB. Results: Both tumours were translocation RCCs. The first case was a 74 year old lady who presented with right upper quadrant pain and had a 9cm right renal mass with no metastatic disease on CT imaging. Radical nephrectomy was performed and histology revealed a pT3aN2, Fuhrman grade 4 renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture and eosinophillic hyaline nodules within many of the papillae. Staining for TFE3 showed focal nuclear positivity consistent with an Xp11 translocation RCC. She remains disease free 6 months post surgery. The second case was a 46 year old man with an incidental finding of a right renal mass on ultrasound abdomen performed after a new diagnosis of haemochromatosis. Staging CT imaging revealed no metastatic disease and he underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy. Histology revealed a pT1aNx, Fuhrman grade 3 renal cell carcinoma with predominantly alveolar architecture and focal papillary and microcystic areas. Staining for TFEB was positive consistent with a t6:11 translocation RCC. He remains disease free 5 months post surgery. Conclusions: We report 2 new cases of this rare subset of RCC. The therapeutic implications for patients with these mutations are as yet unclear. We plan to update with ongoing follow-up and identification of new cases to determine the clinical behaviour of these rare cancers in the Irish setting.