tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Sociology
Authors: Lawrence L. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Until rather recently physicians looked on their medical activities only from the point of view of "process." Because of the enormous pressures to care for patients, to be aware of developments in research, and to solve baffling problems, we can readily understand that—at the end of a ten- to 14-hour workday—there is little time and less inclination to philosophize or otherwise deal with the sociology of medicine. Nevertheless, some physicians and many sociologists have developed a subdiscipline, dealing with the way physicians constitute a system and the impact that system has on society. Mechanic has produced a bewildering combination of excellent information interwoven with flagrant editorial comment. Even in those sections describing widely accepted concepts, the author does not refrain from espousing his cause. Subtleness is dropped, and, crescendo-like, the theme becomes clear and strong in the final sections: there must be rationing of medical care, and by nonphysicians. The
MEDICAL HISTORY CLUBS
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influenza
Authors: Timothy M. Uyeki
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory disease that affects persons of all ages and is associated with millions of medical visits, hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations, and thousands of deaths during annual winter epidemics of variable severity in the United States. Elderly persons have the highest influenza-associated hospitalization and mortality rates. The primary method of prevention is annual vaccination. Early antiviral treatment has the greatest clinical benefit; otherwise, management includes adherence to recommended infection prevention and control measures as well as supportive care of complications.
Corrections
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

In the article on glioblastoma-founding human neural precursors in the October 1, 2004 issue of Cancer Research (1), the e-mail address of R. Galli should have been included in the requests for reprints section. Dr. Galli’s e-mail address is galli.rossella@hsr.it1. Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S, Fiocco R, Foroni C, Dimeco F, Vescovi A. Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2004;64:7011–21
Hematology
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Treating Parents for Tobacco Use in the Pediatric Setting 931Nabi-Burza and colleagues conducted a cluster randomized clinical trial of parental tobacco treatment in pediatric primary care settings.After the initial intervention implementation, 44% of parents received cessation assistance in intervention practices compared with fewer than 1% in control practices.Over the 2-year study period, intervention practices had a 2.7% decrease in the smoking rate in parents compared with a 1.1% increase in control practices.Editorial 914 Maternal Fluoride Exposure and IQ Scores in Offspring 940Green and colleagues conducted a prospective birth cohort study of fluoride exposure during pregnancy and found that it was associated with lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4 years.
Surgical repair of ventricular septal rupture and ventricular aneurysm
Authors: G. R. Daicoff
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A successful surgical repair of a ruptured ventricular septum and resection of a left-ventricular aneurysm secondary to myocardial infarction was performed on a 76-year-old man. A review of the literature reveals that eight other patients with ventricular septal rupture and ventricular aneurysm underwent surgical treatment. Longer survival and better results correlated somewhat with younger age, higher systemic cardiac output, higher pulmonary artery pressure, concomitant aneurysmectomy, and an interval of three months or more between septal rupture and its repair. However, notable exceptions to each situation exist. The data suggest that patients with these complications undergo surgical treatment when nonoperative treatment is no longer effective; otherwise, elective repair should be carried out three months after the rupture. In either case, concomitant aneurysmectomy is advised.
Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laser Angioplasty
Authors: Melvin L. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The March 15 issue ofThe Journalcarried in the MEDICAL NEWS section a description of laser angioplasty. A finding by Dr Daniel S. J. Choy that laser-recanalized coronary arteries closed again within months by intimal hyperplasia is to be expected. Long ago, it was shown
Cost effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors: A. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1992)

severity of health problems and the variety of It seems inappropriate for conclusions about the resonance imaging (produced since our paper was options for care and care settings.impact of radiological investigations on patients' submitted) concludes that further work is needed Secondly, concern about the use of QALYs still quality of life to be drawn from an audit of this to measure the effects of magnetic resonance focuses on doubts about their adequacy as measures nature.imaging on patients' quality of life "but that such of health gain' and on the technical validity of L JABERNETHY data may be difficult to obtain."' Our experience comparisons of costs per QALY.' Though these Department of Radiology, supports-this.problems may be overcome, we believe that the Royal Children's Hosspsital, A K SZCZEPURA authors' conclusions are mistaken, even when Meborne
Hypothyroxinemia in critically ill patients as a predictor of high mortality
Authors: M. F. Slag
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Thyroid function was measured in 86 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit. Two patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism and were excluded from the study. Hypothyroxinemia with normal thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels was found in 22% of the patients and was associated with a high mortality (thyroxine [T<sub>4</sub>] levels less than 3.0 μg/DL, 84% mortality; T<sub>4</sub>levels of 3.0 to 5.0 γg/DL, 50% mortality; and T<sub>4</sub>levels greater than 5.0 γg/DL, 15% mortality). There was a high correlation between low T<sub>4</sub>levels and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:43-45)
Clinical and immunological features of pemphigus relapse
Authors: I. Ujiie, H. Ujiie, H. Iwata, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

Pemphigus is a potentially fatal blistering skin disease. It is an autoimmune disease, meaning that the body's immune system, which normally fights off disease, in this case attacks healthy cells. The main treatments for pemphigus are with drugs called corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. The goal of treatment is to reach remission, a point where there are no new lesions (affected areas of skin) with minimal or no therapy (medication). However, many patients experience several relapses, meaning that after a period of improvement, the disease then worsens again, and it is often difficult for them to achieve remission. This study, from Japan, aimed to learn more about the risk factors and clinical features (signs) of pemphigus relapse. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 42 pemphigus patients. 61.9% of cases experienced relapse, usually when a medicine called oral prednisolone was tapered to around 0.1mg/kg. In a type of pemphigus called mucocutaneous pemphigus vulgaris (mcPV), the initial doses of prednisolone were lower in cases with relapse than without relapse. At relapse, mcPV shifted to subtypes (phenotypes) called mucosal dominant PV (mPV, which mainly affects the mouth and not the skin) (40%), pemphigus foliaceus (PF, affecting the skin) (20%) or others (20%). In contrast, the relapsing mPV and PF had the same clinical phenotypes as the initial phenotypes. Looking at antibodies, which are produced by the immune system to help fight off disease, patients with both anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 antibodies to begin with, had recurrence with anti‐Dsg3 antibodies alone (40%), with both anti‐Dsg1 and Dsg3 antibodies (30%) or with anti‐Dsg1 antibody alone (20%). In conclusion, when a patient with mcPV relapses, there can be changes in the phenotype of their disease, and the antibodies being produced. At least 1mg/kg/day of prednisolone, especially for mcPV cases, and prudent tapering around 0.1mg/kg may lead to better outcomes.
Understanding and Promoting Smoking Cessation: Overview and Guidelines for Physician Intervention
Authors: C. Orleans
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

This chapter outlines requirements for quitting smoking successfully, and for effective treatments. It presents practical guidelines for physicians and allied health care providers with specific recommendations for how to motivate and help patients quit “on their own” and how to select more intensive backup treatment if needed. Useful guides, references, and resources are suggested, with recommendations concerning optimal use of nicotine chewing gum.
Abstract 2526: Measuring DNA quantity, FFPE degradation, and genomic DNA contamination of ccfDNA in a single assay
Authors: Trista L. Schagat, Jennifer Mook, Leta Steffen, Doug Wieczorek, Curtis Knox
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract FFPE tumor biopsies are being increasingly used as a source of DNA for translational research in pursuit of personalized medicine. In addition, circulating cell-free DNA in liquid biopsy fractions shows promise as a means of tracking tumor burden, tumor regression, and/or cancer relapse. However, both sources come with significant DNA quality risks related to sample preparation that can result in downstream sequencing failures or false negatives. For FFPE samples, chemical fixation of the tissue crosslinks DNA, resulting in DNA fragmentation and damage that cannot be completely reversed. For liquid biopsy samples, contamination with genomic DNA can reduce sensitivity for detecting the tumor-specific fraction of ccfDNA. The ProNex® DNA QC Assay is a multiplex qPCR assay that provides both quantification and quality control for small or fragmented DNA samples. ProNex® DNA QC Assay includes a 75bp, 150bp, and 300bp target as well as an internal positive control. Unlike absorption, fluorescent DNA binding dyes, and electrophoresis-based methods, qPCR can be used to quantify specifically amplifiable DNA able to participate in downstream PCR or sequencing applications. The ratio of amplification at 75bp and 300bp sizes can be used to assess fragmentation of FFPE samples, which is correlated with improved coverage uniformity in NGS applications. With ccfDNA, the ratio can also be used to determine the degree of genomic DNA contamination and indicate when further clean-up is necessary prior to sequencing. Citation Format: Trista L. Schagat, Jennifer Mook, Leta Steffen, Doug Wieczorek, Curtis Knox. Measuring DNA quantity, FFPE degradation, and genomic DNA contamination of ccfDNA in a single assay [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2526.
The training of the internist: today and tomorrow
Authors: J. V. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1966)

If one out of six of our medical-school graduates were unable to pass his state board examination, there would be great alarm. The fact that almost this many young physicians, having completed acceptable training in internal medicine, are unable, even after several attempts, to pass the examination by the American Board of Internal Medicine should be cause for concern. This fact in itself may have several possible explanations, but I bring it up as only one of the reasons why we should take a fresh, new look at training in internal medicine. In the changing scene of medicine I believe that it is high time we review our methods and goals. With the decline in general practice in the classic and broad sense, there has been a reciprocal rise in specialism in the United States (Fig 1). To me the most impressive fact is the rapid increase in the number
Phacoanaphylactic Endophthalmitis
Authors: G Kaufer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of comatose patients at high risk for death or severe disability. SUPPORT Investigators. Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments
Authors: M. B. Hamel
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop and validate a simple prognostic scoring system to identify patients in nontraumatic coma at high risk for poor outcomes using data available early in the hospital course. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Five geographically diverse academic medical centers. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 596 patients in nontraumatic coma enrolled in the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT), including 247 in the model derivation set and 349 in the model validation set. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Death and severe disability by 2 months. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —For the 596 patients studied (median age, 67 years; 52% female), the primary cause of coma was cardiac arrest in 31% and cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage in 36%. At 2 months 69% had died, 20% had survived with known severe disability, 8% were known to have survived without severe disability, and 3% survived with unknown functional status. Five clinical variables available on day 3 after enrollment were associated independently with 2-month mortality: abnormal brain stem response (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 8.1), absent verbal response (OR=4.6; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.7), absent withdrawal response to pain (OR=4.3; 95% CI, 1.7 to 10.8), creatinine level greater than or equal to 132.6 μmol/L (1.5 mg/dL) (OR=4.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.0), and age of 70 years or older (OR=5.1; 95% CI, 2.2 to 12.2). Mortality at 2 months for patients with four or five of these risk factors was 97% (58/60; 95% CI, 88% to 100%) in the validation set. Brain stem and motor responses best predicted death or severe disability by 2 months. For patients with either an abnormal brain stem response or absent motor response to pain, the rate of death or severe disability at 2 months was 96% (185/193; 95% CI, 92% to 98%) in the validation set. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Five readily available clinical variables identify a large subgroup of patients in nontraumatic coma at high risk for poor outcomes. This risk stratification approach offers physicians, patients, and patients' families information that may prove useful in patient care decisions and resource allocation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1842-1848)
Cerebellar Infarction
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What the educators are saying
Authors: M. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The BEME (Best Evidence Medical Education) collaboration is aiming to do for medical education what the Cochrane Collaboration has done for medical treatments. But with few information sources dedicated to medical education, searching for evidence to define best practice is daunting. To help the quest, a study in Medical Teacher sets out a vast array of key information resources, although it warns that cast iron answers are hard to obtain. One BEME group found that the percentage of known citations retrieved (sensitivity) ranged between 6.5% and 19.6%, and the percentage of search results that were relevant to the query (specificity) was a disappointing 17.5%. Medical Teacher 2003;25: 352-63
Effect of insulin and plasma amino acid concentration on leucine metabolism in cirrhosis
Authors: A Petrides
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Clinically stable patients with cirrhosis demonstrate insulin resistance with regard to glucose metabolism. However, much less is known about the two major factors, insulin and plasma amino acid concentration, that regulate protein metabolism in cirrhotic patients. To examine this question, we performed paired euglycemic insulin clamp studies in combination with 14Cleucine and indirect calorimetry. In the first study insulin alone was infused, and the plasma amino acid concentration was allowed to decline, During the second study a balanced amino acid solution was infused with insulin to increase the total plasma amino acid concentration approximately twofold. Insulinmediated glucose disposal (4.68 vs. 6.45 mg/kg-min, p < 0.01) was significantly impaired by 30% in cirrhotic patients during both insulin clamp studies. In the postabsorptive state, cirrhotic patients manifested low plasma leucine (76 vs. 102 μmol/L) and α-ketoisocaproate (19 vs. 30 μmol/L) concentrations, but all parameters of leucine turnover were normal. When insulin alone was infused, the endogenous leucine flux (an index of protein degradation) declined similarly in cirrhotic patients (30.8 μmol/m2-min) and control (26.9) subjects, and this was accompanied by a similar decrease in plasma leucine concentration (31% vs. 33%). The decline in circulating leucine concentration was accompanied by a parallel decline in leucine oxidation (5.1 vs. 4.6 μmol/m2-min) and nonoxidative (28.9 vs. 26.0 μmol/m2-min) leucine disposal, which were of similar magnitude in cirrhotic patients and control subjects, respectively. In both cirrhotic patients and control subjects, combined hyperinsulinemia/hyperaminoacidemia elicited a similar stimulation of nonoxidative leucine disposal (an index of protein synthesis) and leucine oxidation while causing a greater suppression of endogenous leucine flux than observed with insulin alone. Thus the suppressive effect of insulin on protein degradation and the stimulatory effect of insulin/amino acid infusion on protein synthesis are not impaired in cirrhotic patients, demonstrating a clear-cut dissociation between the effects of insulin on protein and glucose metabolism.