tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
薄黑色素瘤的哪些特征使其更有可能导致死亡
Authors: M. Claeson, P. Baade, S. Brown, H.P. Soyer, B.M. Smithers, A.C. Green, D.C. Whiteman, K. Khosrotehrani
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

皮肤癌是西方人群中最常见的癌症。黑色素瘤是该病中最危险的一种。如果不及时治疗,黑色素瘤倾向于在“厚度”(侵入皮肤的深度)层面生长,较厚的肿瘤被认为比较薄的肿瘤更晚期,更难治疗。 然而,在澳大利亚昆士兰,约四分之一的黑色素瘤死亡是由薄肿瘤引起的,肿瘤侵入皮肤表面厚度为 1 mm 或以下(≤1.00 mm)。 这项研究旨在寻找一些在诊断时可以确定最终死于薄黑色素瘤的患者因素。对来自昆士兰癌症登记处的数据进行了分析,以比较导致患者死亡的 424 例薄黑色素瘤与未导致死亡的 1189 例薄黑色素瘤的特征。 位于头皮上的薄黑色素瘤与背部的薄黑色素瘤相比,导致患者死亡的可能性高至 6 倍。此外,较厚的薄黑色素瘤(穿透皮肤厚度为 0.80‐1.00 mm)导致死亡的可能性是厚度小于 0.30 mm 的微创(较薄)肿瘤的 6 倍。 这项研究表明,在诊断时,根据肿瘤发生在身体的哪个部位以及厚度不断增加,可以在薄黑色素瘤中识别出更危险的肿瘤类型。具有这些特征的黑色素瘤患者在诊断和治疗后可能需要更密切的随访。 本摘要涉及研究:与薄 (≤1.00 mm) 黑色素瘤死亡相关的临床病理因素
Abstract 1586: ADAM32 is amplified in a wide range of malignancy
Authors: Aditya Rajan, Vijay Tonk, Kishore Bhende, Sharda Singh, Sahil Tonk, Sanjay Awasthi
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cytogenetic analysis using karyotyping and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has been the method of choice for identifying chromosomal abnormalities in cancer and other diseases. FISH is a powerful tool enabling detection the amplification or deletion of specific genes of interest using specific fluorescent labelled DNA probes. It has high sensitivity and specificity and enables detection of chromosomal abnormalities present in many genetic disorders. Unfortunately, FISH is labor intensive, gives information only regarding chromosomal changes specifically designated by the nucleotide sequence of the probes. Recently, DNA microarray techniques have allowed the simultaneous detection of vast number of chromosomal abnormalities including deletions, amplifications and translocations. These assays are suitable for large scale screening to discovery previously unknown associations of chromosomal lesions with many types of cancer. In present studies, we performed a retrospective analyses on anonymized data from the Constitutional v3 Array from the Texas Tech University Cytogenetics Lab (Children’s Oncology Group reference lab) on 198 sequential patients to determine the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and their disease associations. The patient population included children and adults. The majority of patients had malignancy, but some had pancytopenia or immune deficiency. We found chromosomal rearrangements, amplifications or deletions at 794 loci. The most commonly affected loci were 8p11.21-8p11.22, 15q11.1-15q11.2, 14q11.2, 14q32.33, 9p24 and 9p13. The 8p11.2 locus was amplified in 81 cases and deleted in 17 cases, an amplification/deletion ratio greater than any other locus. At this locus, the KAT6A, ADAM32 and TACC1 genes are known to associate with cancer, while no associations of GPAT4 and TM2D2 have been reported. The ADAM32 gene amplification, previously identified only in breast cancer, was also found in hepatocellular carcinoma, T-cell Lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, Wilm’s Tumor, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibromatosis, chondroblastoma, enchondroma, and giant cell tumor of the bone. An oncogenic role of ADAM32 should be investigated in a broad spectrum of pediatric and adult malignancy. Citation Format: Aditya Rajan, Vijay Tonk, Kishore Bhende, Sharda Singh, Sahil Tonk, Sanjay Awasthi. ADAM32 is amplified in a wide range of malignancy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1586.
AUGUSTUS DESIRE WALLER (1856-1922) ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHER
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thorotrast
Authors: Richard H. Carrigan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article "Polyhydramnios in Anencephaly," by John Nichols, MD, and Rosemary Schrepfer, MD (<b>197</b>:549, 1966) the following appeared: "Tidal respiration may possibly be deficient in anencephalics. This could be detected by injection of thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) into the amnion." Thorotrast is not available for human use at this time, and when it does become available on approval from the Food and Drug Administration, it will not be approved for use as indicated in this article.
And more about receptors
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1977)

"If you're not into receptors, you may as well pack up and go home." The whispered remark, overheard at an assembly of endocrinologists, could have just as easily been passed at a gathering of immunologists, oncologists or—as the preceding editorial by Bell and Malick clearly illustrates—of clinical pharmacologists. Receptors are the "in" thing in medicine of the 1970's. It is not too long since "receptors" were hypothetical constructs in Ehrlich "side-chain" theory of immunity (1885). They were conceived as a part of a cell that combines with and anchors a haptophore group of a toxin, which is neutralized when the receptor-containing side-chain is cast off into the circulation. No longer linked to the outdated theory and no longer hypothetical—many have been characterized, identified, and isolated —receptors have been frequently shown to be more than mere passive recipients of exogenous or endogenous substances. The process is often that of interaction with
PROCAINE IN ATHLETIC INJURIES
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research Program
Authors: Sarbajit Mukherjee, Karen Hicks
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

This is an open-label, multicenter, phase II study of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) administered with oxaliplatin before chemoradiation in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).Patients meeting inclusion criteria will receive 3 cycles of FTD/TPI (35 mg/m 2 twice daily) and oxaliplatin (85 mg/m 2 ) before undergoing concurrent chemoradiation (standard-of-care radiation dose of 5,040 cGy will be used at all participating study sites) with carboplatin (area under the curve 2) and paclitaxel (50 mg/m 2 ) for 6 weeks, followed by surgery.FTD/TPI will be self-administered (in tablet form) twice daily by study participants and documented in the provided drug diary.In this study, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels will be collected at 5 different time points: at diagnosis, after completion of induction chemotherapy, after completion of chemoradiation, after surgery, and at the time of disease recurrence, if this occurs.The aim is to correlate the ctDNA level with disease recurrence and metabolic response on PET/CT.Accrual is expected to take 24 months (N545) with an additional 12 months of follow-up on study.After completion of 1 year of on-study follow-up, patients will be followed (monitored for survival status) as per standard of care: year 1 through year 2, every 3 to 6 months, every 6 to 12 months for 3 to 5 years, and then annually until disease progression or death, whichever occurs first.Estimated time frame for analysis of the primary endpoint is approximately 3 years after study commencement.
Hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic crises
Authors: S. R. Newmark
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE crisis of acute hypercalcemia constitutes one of the more common endocrine emergencies. Within the past few years, new therapeutic modalities have become available for the medical management of this entity. We review these modalities and suggest a regimen for the rational treatment of the hypercalcemic patient. In addition, a system of medical management will be presented for the treatment of the patient with acute hypocalcemia. <h3>Hypercalcemic Crisis</h3><h3>Diagnosis.—</h3> Acute hypercalcemia can have a variety of manifestations.<sup>1</sup>Common symptoms include nausea and vomiting (with subsequent dehydration), anorexia, constipation, and polyuria. Severe abdominal pain is common and frequently is related to an associated peptic ulcer or pancreatitis. Other symptoms include weakness ranging from mild fatigue to neuromuscular paralysis, fever, and coma. Objective signs include ectopic calcification, such as band keratopathy, nephrocalcinosis, arterial calcification, and skin calcification. A decreased Q-T interval is seen on the electrocardiogram. The most common causes of
Depression
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Depression Aperson who feels sad all the time, has unexplained crying spells, or loses interest in usual activities may have major depression, a serious medical illness that should be distinguished from normal temporary feelings of sadness after a loss, such as the death of a relative or friend.The November 12, 2008, issue of JAMA includes an article about depression in heart patients.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the May 28, 2008, issue of JAMA.
P222 A retrospective study of disease recurrence post thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: J. Naqvi, N. Navani, S. Saeed, M. Shastry, A. Groves, P. Shaw, D. Lawrence, S. Kolvekar, M. Hayward, S. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Surgery is the treatment of choice for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, curative intent is commonly not achieved due to inaccurate clinical staging and disease recurrence. <h3>Aim</h3> We aimed to determine the incidence of futile thoracotomies (FT) in patients with NSCLC following surgery with curative intent. In addition, we wished to identify prognostic factors that predicted FT. <h3>Methods</h3> In this analytical retrospective cohort study, thoracotomy cases between October 2003 and September 2008 at a single institution were identified. Confirmed cases of primary NSCLC only were included. A thoracotomy was deemed futile if any one of the following criteria were met: pathologically confirmed N2, N3, or M1 disease, an exploratory thoracotomy, or a thoracotomy in a patient who developed recurrent disease or died within 1 year of surgery. When a PET scan was performed, the SUVmax of the primary tumour was reported by a radiologist blinded to the clinical information. Case notes and hospital systems were interrogated for evidence of recurrence and survival. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA version 10 for Windows. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 171 consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent lung resection with curative intent. 105 (61%) were male and mean age at the time of surgery was 66 years. 134 (78%) had lobectomy, 8 bi-lobectomy, 19 pneumonectomy and 10 sub-lobar resection (segmentectomy or wedge resection). Overall 46 (27%) underwent FT. Nine patients (5.2%) had clinically unsuspected N2 disease at pathological staging. An SUVmax of the primary tumour greater than 8 was associated with an increased risk of FT (RR 2.35 (p=0.03)) (Abstract P222 Table 1). The presence of lymphovascular invasion was also associated with a increased risk of FT (RR 1.71 (p=0.04)). Those with a primary tumour greater than or equal to 3 cm in size had a RR of 1.91 (p=0.02) of FT. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Between 2003 and 2008, 27% of patients at our cardiothoracic centre for lung cancer underwent a futile thoracotomy. High SUVmax, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and tumour size ≥3 cm are predictors of FT. Future, prospective studies employing adjuvant chemotherapy in these patient groups are warranted.
Cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies to gram-negative endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis in ICU patients
Authors: D. B. Chalfin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the fiscal impact and the cost-effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies against gram-negative endotoxin (MAbGNE) in the treatment of presumed gram-negative sepsis. <h3>Design.</h3> —A decision analysis model was developed from (1) data from two phase III trials that studied the E5 or HA-1A MAbGNE, and (2) financial data from 1405 septic patients who required intensive care at a large tertiary hospital. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with presumed gram-negative sepsis. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The E5 trial evaluated 468 patients, and the HA-1A study enrolled 543 patients with presumed gram-negative sepsis. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —The addition of MAbGNE to standard regimens or standard regimens alone. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Total expected charges and the expected probability of survival were determined for each option. Cost-effectiveness and marginal cost-effectiveness ratios were also derived. Multiple sensitivity and Monte Carlo analyses were performed to test the underlying assumptions. <h3>Results.</h3> —MAbGNE therapy always resulted in higher expected charges; however, these differences were less than its acquisition cost by $870. The cost-effectiveness ratio for MAbGNE, for $2000 and $4000 acquisition costs, was $71 674 and $74 900 per probability of survival, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that cost-effectiveness was most affected by diagnostic accuracy, patient selection, and acquisition cost. Monte Carlo analysis showed that MAbGNE was more costly for 71% of simulations, yet the most efficacious option for 79% of simulations. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —From the perspective of acute care institutions, MAbGNE is expensive and cannot be justified on a cost-saving basis. However, it may be cost-effective throughout a reasonable range of assumptions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:249-254)
Circulating immune-profile as predictor of outcome in advanced NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab
Authors: M. Tiseo, F. Facchinetti, F. Gelsomino, S. Buti, M. Veneziani, A. Squadrilli, P. Bordi, M. Bersanelli, A. Cosenza, L. Ferri, E. Rapacchi, G. Mazzaschi, F. Leonardi, F. Quaini, A. Ardizzoni, G. Missale
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Relation of disease activity during chronic hepatitis C infection to complexity of hypervariable region 1 quasispecies
Authors: N Yuki
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We studied the heterogeneity in the E2/NS1 hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome in relation to the natural course after infection. The subjects were composed of 38 chronic hepatitis C carriers who had been followed for 9 to 218 months after the onset of non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis, being tested monthly for serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The complexity of the sequence heterogeneity was assessed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. The quasispecies complexity had no relation to the route of infection, the time from infection and the duration of aminotransferase elevation after the onset. However, it had a significant relationship with the degree of aminotransferase elevation in the course of the disease. The quasispecies complexity was directly correlated with the first peak of serum aminotransferase at the onset (r = .48, P < .01) and the mean aminotransferase levels during the period of persistent aminotransferase elevation (r = .58, P < .01). Twenty-three of the 38 patients were further followed for 24 months with biweekly alanine transaminase (ALT) tests. Their aminotransferase levels remained within the normal range during follow-up, and no significant change was seen in the quasispecies complexity after this asymptomatic period. However among the 23 patients, the quasispecies complexity increased in six cases (26%) and decreased in five (22%). A significant direct relation was seen between changes in the quasispecies complexity and the mean aminotransferase levels during the asymptomatic period (r = .55, P = .01). These findings suggest that the development of the HCV quasispecies nature may be related to the severity of the hepatitis in the course of infection.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

In the US aging population, there is an unmet need for dermatologic care.In this study, using county-level data from the Area Health Resources File, Feng et al report that from 1995 to 2013, dermatologist density increased the most in rural areas, but the gap between metropolitan and other areas also widened.The findings suggest that substantial disparities exist in the geographic distribution of dermatologists, potentially affecting patient care.
Abstract 5585: RealTVac - a novel strategy to treat advanced, late-stage tumors with real-time tumor vaccination
Authors: Piotr Jachimczak, Andreas Mitsch, Achim Aigner
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Novel anti-cancer immune therapeutic strategies, like various new antibody formats and/or tumor vaccines, show promising results in patients. However, due to the “immune-escape phenomenon” driven by tumor-secreted Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta), the host immune system of cancer bearing patients frequently fails to control tumor re-growth. Real-Time Tumor Vaccincation (RealTVac) approach aims at avoiding this “immune-escape phenomenon” by intratumoral inhibition of active TGF-beta isotypes while simultanously and synergistically inducing an efficient immune response by a highly potent combination of immune stimulating factors. The synergistic effects of the proposed combination of a TGF-beta inhibitor with immunostimulating cytokines upon human immune cell activation are demonstrated in in-vitro experiments. Both, immune cell proliferation and tumor cell cytotoxicity were significantly enhanced. Initial experiments in a syngenic B16 melanoma xenograft model in immunocompetent mice indicate that Real-Time Tumor Vaccination of established subcutaneous B16 tumor xenografts reduced local tumor growth compared to untreated controls. To summarize, the goal of the local application of RealTVac is to allow the host immune system to scan in real-time all Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) being currently expressed by those tumor cells that are exposed to sufficient TGF-beta inhibition. The repetitive administration of the RealTVac approach is furthermore expected to provide a continuous update of the immune response, reflecting the changing pattern of currently expressed TAAs related to the dynamic intratumoral heterogeneity in malignant tumors. Thus, intratumoral immunization as applied for RealTVac may create a new paradigm for cancer therapy in the future. Citation Format: Piotr Jachimczak, Andreas Mitsch, Achim Aigner. RealTVac - a novel strategy to treat advanced, late-stage tumors with real-time tumor vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5585.
Comforters
Authors: A. L. Cowan
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Objective</h3> The comparative safety of immunosuppressive drugs, biologicals and glucocorticoids (GC) for patients with SLE remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the specific side effects of the available SLE drugs in this population of patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Electronic databases were systematically searched through September 2017 for randomised trials in patients with SLE. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and withdrawal related to adverse events (AEs). We performed a random-effects network meta-analysis to obtain estimates for primary and secondary outcomes and presented these estimates as ORs with 95% CIs. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-four studies comprising 9898 participants were included in the network meta-analysis. No drug regimen was considered to be safer for reducing all-cause mortality. However, compared with cyclophosphamide, azathioprine (OR 3.04, 95% CI (1.44 to 6.42)) and cyclosporine (OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.04 to 10.35)) were significantly less safety in AE-related withdrawals, and GC was ranked lowest and led to higher withdrawal rates. Tacrolimus (TAC) was ranked high and showed a benefit in many outcomes. Biologicals and chloroquine also showed good safety in all of the available outcomes, while the beneficial effects of other immunosuppressive drugs were not substantial in different types of serious adverse events. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TAC is the safest strategy for patients with SLE. Biologicals and chloroquine are also fairly safe for patients with SLE. The use of other immunosuppressive drugs and GC needs to be balanced against the potential harms of different types of AEs, and the practical safety of drug combinations still requires further trials to evaluate.
Leads from the MMWR. Operational criteria for determining suicide
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal