tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analytic Approaches to Observational Studies With Treatment Selection Bias
Authors: Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chronic hepatitis and hepatic failure in a 14-year-old girl
Authors: J LUDWIG
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The patient was born in October 1977 to a gravida-5, para-3, abortion-2, 3 1-year-old, healthy African-American woman.The pregnancy was uncomplicated.The patient's father and two older stepbrothers have no known liver disease, and the parents are not consanguineous.At the time of birth, the patient weighed 3.3 kg.She went home 2 days later.During the following 13 years, she was admitted repeatedly to the hospital.Table 1 shows in chronological order the reasons for the admissions as well as pertinent clinical diagnoses and laboratory findings.As shown in Table 1, rickets and unexplained hepatomegaly were diagnosed when she was 7 months old.She was treated with dihydrotachysterol, and some improvement of the rickets was observed.In 1979, she was admitted because of a severe Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.She was found to be hyperbilirubinemic and had a bleeding disorder that responded to vitamin K.After the infection had been treated, the bilirubin values returned to normal, and therefore, they were thought to be linked t o the urinary tract disease.Liver biopsy was postponed because of the bleeding.Because of the liver disease, dihydrotachysterol was replaced by calcitriol.In the summer of 1979, the hepatomegaly had disappeared.The viral pneumonia for which she was treated in April 1980 responded quickly and without sequelae to supportive care.Records stated specifically that no hepatomegaly was observed, and as it turned out, none was observed until much later.A few months later, her medication was again changed to dihydrotachysterol.During all this time, she was stated to be a happy, active child with good appetite.On most occasions when she visited her pediatrician, she was pleasant and cooperative.
INFECTION BY TELEPHONE.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polybrominated Biphenyls in Model and Environmentally Contaminated Human Blood: Protein Binding and Immunotoxicological Studies
Authors: John Roboz, John Greaves, J. George Bekesi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A review and summary is given of analytical, biochemical, and immunological studies made following an immunodiagnostic investigation which revealed significant decreases in the numbers, and changes in the functional integrity, of both T-and B-lymphocytes in a group of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) which had been inadvertently introduced into the food chain in 1973. A quantification technique based on selected ion monitoring of bromine anions, obtained in negative chemical ionization, permitted determination of 10-35 pg of individual PBB congener per mL serum, a 20-fold improvement over electron capture gas chromatography. An in vitro spiked system was established and shown to be a representative model of environmentally contaminated blood. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric quantification determined that the distribution of PBB among plasma, erythrocytes, mononucleocytes and polymorphonucleocytes was 89:9:less than 1:less than 1. In plasma 80% of the PBB was bound to apolipoproteins B and A in a 3:1 ratio. No preferential absorption of PBB congeners was found in the blood compartments suggesting that changes in the relative abundances of PBB congeners observed in longitudinal studies on Michigan subjects reflect differences in excretion rates or metabolism. A repeat in 1981 of the immunodiagnostic tests conducted in 1976 revealed a virtually complete persistence of the immune dysfunctions in the Michigan farmers exposed to PBB a decade ago.
Data Error in Table in: Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Inga Koerte, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Maximilian Reiser, Ross Zafonte, Martha Do
Journal: JAMA (2012)

The etiology of the findings, however, is not clear.One explanation may be the effect of frequent subconcussive brain trauma, although differences in head injury rates, sudden accelerations, or even lifestyle could contribute.Additionally, soccer players showed increased axial diffusivity in the absence of increased radial diffusivity limited to the corpus callosum, possibly resulting from specialized training or neuroinflammation.Limitations of the study include small sample size, single cross-sectional evaluation, and lack of information regarding functional outcomes.Future studies are needed to confirm the results and elucidate the etiology and effects of white matter alterations in soccer players.
Smile A While
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CHIROPRACTIC, NOT A NUXATED, VICTORY
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characterization of a Developmental Toxicity Dose-Response Model
Authors: Elaine M. Faustman, Dorothy G. Wellington, William P. Smith, Carole A. Kimmel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The Rai and Van Ryzin dose-response model proposed for teratology experiments has been characterized for its appropriateness and applicability in modeling the dichotomous response data from developmental toxicity studies. Modifications were made in the initial probability statements to reflect more accurately biological events underlying developmental toxicity. Data sets used for the evaluation were obtained from the National Toxicology Program and U.S. EPA laboratories. The studies included developmental evaluations of ethylene glycol, diethylhexyl phthalate, di- and triethylene glycol dimethyl ethers, and nitrofen in rats, mice, or rabbits. Graphic examination and statistical evaluation demonstrate that this model is sensitive to the data when compared to directly measured experimental outcomes. The model was used to interpolate to low-risk dose levels, and comparisons were made between the values obtained and the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) divided by an uncertainty factor. Our investigation suggests that the Rai and Van Ryzin model is sensitive to the developmental toxicity end points, prenatal deaths, and malformations, and appears to model closely their relationship to dose.
Nitroprusside therapy for a patient with a pheochromocytoma
Authors: A. Lipson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

WE DESCRIBE a patient in hypertensive crisis from a pheochromocytoma, in whom sodium nitroprusside was used without adrenergic blockers, and subsequently was administered for a one-week period in conjunction with blockers to achieve preoperative and ultimately intraoperative blood pressure control. We believe this represents the most extensive experience with this drug in one patient with this condition. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old woman was transferred to the George Washington University Hospital Intensive Care Unit from another hospital, with uncontrolled hypertension six hours after cesarean section. The patient had a history of labile hypertension and diet-controlled diabetes. She was hypertensive during her first pregnancy, miscarrying at six months. During the current pregnancy, blood pressure became 140/90 mm Hg, and occasional flushing, pedal edema, and proteinuria occurred. At 32 weeks, she was admitted with a blood pressure of 220/140 mm Hg, unchanged by diazepam and bed rest. Despite methyldopa therapy, 500
Australia 1972
Authors: BRYAN T. EMMERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Abroad1 March 1972Australia 1972BRYAN T. EMMERSON, M.D.BRYAN T. EMMERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-508 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo most people in the United States, Australia is a new frontier of excitement, adventure, and opportunity that retains the virtues of a less complicated society. Newspaper headlines read "Americans head for the good life Down Under," and the problems of life in Australia certainly seem to be of lesser magnitude than those of the United States. Perhaps these differences are illusory, however, and really reflect the fact that many problems seem smaller in a country with a smaller population.To most Australians, the United States (or America, as it is usually called) is the land of prosperity and opulence,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1972Volume 76, Issue 3Page: 508-509 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Standardization in detection of abnormal hemoglobins. Solubility tests for hemoglobin S
Authors: R. M. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Seven commercial hemoglobin (Hb) S solubility tests were evaluated to ascertain their specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision when used to determine the presence of S hemoglobin. Two hundred blood specimens, including 97 samples expected to give a positive test (samples containing either Hb S or Hb C<sub>Harlem</sub>), were tested. Additionally, a machine to semiautomate the reading of the solubility test was evaluated. Labeling and package insert information was found to be incomplete and often inaccurate. Accuracy of commercial solubility test kits varies greatly, and frequent incorrect diagnoses can be expected.
Risk Screening for Exposure to Groundwater Pollution in a Wastewater Irrigation District of the Mexico City Region
Authors: Timothy J. Downs, Enrique Cifuentes-Garcia, Irwin Mel Suffet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Untreated wastewater from the Mexico City basin has been used for decades to irrigate cropland in the Mezquital Valley, State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Excess irrigation water recharges the near-surface aquifer that is used as a domestic water supply source. We assessed the groundwater quality of three key groundwater sources of domestic water by analyzing for 24 trace metals, 67 target base/neutral/acid (BNA) organic compounds, nontarget BNA organics, 23 chlorinated pesticides, 20 polychlorinated biphenyls, and nitrate, as well as microbiological contaminants--coliforms, Vibrio cholerae, and Salmonella. Study participants answered a questionnaire that estimated ingestion and dermal exposure to groundwater; 10% of the sample reported frequent diarrhea and 9% reported persistent skin irritations. Detection of V. cholerae non-01 in surface waters at all sites suggested a potential risk (surrogate indicator present) of diarrheal disease for canal and river bathers by accidental ingestion, as well as potential Vibrio contamination of near-surface groundwater and potential cholera risk, magnified by lapses in disinfection. High total coliform levels in surface water and lower levels in groundwater at all sites indicated fecal contamination and a potential risk of gastrointestinal disease in populations exposed to inadequately disinfected groundwater. Using chemical criteria, no significant risk from ingestion or dermal contact was identified at the method detection limits at any site, except from nitrate exposure: infants and young children are at risk from methemoglobinemia at all sites. Results suggest that pathogen risk interventions are a priority, whereas nitrate risk needs further characterization to determine if formal treatment is needed. The risks exist inside and outside the irrigation district. The method was highly cost-effective.
Bisphenol A Exposure during Adulthood Causes Augmentation of Follicular Atresia and Luteal Regression by Decreasing 17β-Estradiol Synthesis via Downregulation of Aromatase in Rat Ovary
Authors: Seung Gee Lee, Ji Young Kim, Jin-Yong Chung, Yoon-Jae Kim, Ji-Eun Park, Seunghoon Oh, Yong-Dal Yoon, Ki Soo Yoo, Young Hyun Yoo, Jong-Min Kim
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been detected in human body fluids, such as serum and ovarian follicular fluids. Several reports indicated that BPA exposure is associated with the occurrence of several female reproductive diseases resulting from the disruption of steroid hormone biosynthesis in the adult ovary.Objective: We hypothesized that long-term exposure to low concentrations of BPA disrupts 17β-estradiol (E2) production in granulosa cells via an alteration of steroidogenic proteins in ovarian cells.Methods: Adult female rats received BPA for 90 days by daily gavage at doses of 0, 0.001, or 0.1 mg/kg body weight. We determined serum levels of E2, testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). We also analyzed the expressions of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerase (3β-HSD), and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the ovary.Results: Exposure to BPA significantly decreased E2 serum concentration, which was accompanied by augmented follicular atresia and luteal regression via increase of caspase-3–associated apoptosis in ovarian cells. After BPA exposure, P450arom and StAR protein levels were significantly decreased in granulosa cells and theca-interstitial (T-I) cells, respectively. However, P450scc and 3β-HSD protein levels remained unchanged. The increase in LH levels appeared to be associated with the decreased synthesis of T in T-I cells after BPA exposure via homeostatic positive feedback regulation.Conclusions: BPA exposure during adulthood can disturb the maintenance of normal ovarian functions by reducing E2. The steroidogenic proteins StAR and P450arom appear to be targeted by BPA.
MEHP/DEHP: Gonadal Toxicity and Effects on Rodent Accessory Sex Organs
Authors: John A. Thomas, Karen A. Curto, Michael J. Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The phthalate acid esters (PAEs), and, in particular, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its monoester, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), can adversely affect rodent testes but only at high doses. Rat gonadal zinc levels can be decreased by the injection of DEHP, but not MEHP. The rat prostate gland seems to be particularly sensitive to PAE-induced zinc depletion. PAE-induced changes in male reproductive organs were more evident in the rat than in the mouse. Some of the effects of MEHP can be demonstrated in vitro since it can alter the uptake of 65Zn in rodent gonads and accessory sex organs.
General References
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase I/II trial of iodine-131–tositumomab (anti-CD20), etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Oliver W. Press, Janet F. Eary, Ted Gooley, Ajay K. Gopal, Stephen Liu, Joseph G. Rajendran, David G. Maloney, Stephen Petersdorf, Sharon A. Bush, Lawrence D. Durack, Paul J. Martin, Darrell R. Fisher, Brent Wood, James W. Borrow, Bruce Porter, Justin P. Smith, Dana C. Matthews, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: Blood (2000)
Endothelin-1 and -3 plasma concentrations in patients with cirrhosis: Role of splanchnic and renal passage and liver function*1, *2
Authors: A GERBES
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Increased as well as decreased plasma concentrations of the endothelins, endogenous vasoactive peptides, have been reported in cirrhosis. This might be caused by alterations of hepatic or renal clearance or release. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of splanchnic and renal passage and of liver function on plasma concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) in patients with cirrhosis compared with controls. Eighteen patients with cirrhosis and 8 normotensive controls of similar age were investigated. Arterial and venous plasma samples were obtained simultaneously, and ET-1 and ET-3 concentrations were determined in extracted plasma by two separate radioimmunoassays. Arterial as well as hepatic and renal venous concentrations of ET-1 in cirrhosis (17.8 ± 0.8 pg/mL, 19.1 ± 0.9 pg/mL, and 16.8 ± 0.8 pg/mL) were significantly (P < .001) higher than in controls (9.2 ± 1.7 pg/mL, 9.0 ± 2.0 pg/mL, and 8.4 ± 1.9 pg/mL, respectively). The same held true for the corresponding ET-3 plasma concentrations in cirrhosis (19.3 ± 1.6 pg/mL, 20.5 ± 1.5 pg/mL, and 18.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL, respectively) compared with controls (11.1 ± 1.8 pg/mL, 11.3 ± 1.5 pg/mL, and 10.1 ± 1.7 pg/mL, respectively; P < .01). There was a significant (P < .05) renal net extraction of ET-1 and ET-3 in cirrhosis. In contrast, a significant (P < .05) net release of ET-1 and ET-3 (2.40 ± 0.80 ng/min and 1.75 ± 1.16 ng/ min) during splanchnic passage was observed in cirrhosis, but not in controls (−0.24 ± 0.51 ng/min, and −0.46 ± 0.64 ng/min). Plasma concentrations of ET-3 in cirrhosis were correlated to the Child-Turcotte score (r = .66, P < .01) and inversely to the functional liver cell mass, determined by the galactose elimination capacity (r = −.72, P < .01). Hepatic venous ET-1 concentrations correlated to the hepatic blood flow assessed by the indocyanine green clearance (r = .48; P < .05). Net splanchnic release may contribute to elevated ET-1 and ET-3 plasma concentrations in patients with cirrhosis. Splanchnic ET-1 and ET-3 handling in cirrhosis may be influenced by different mechanisms.
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma in acromegaly
Authors: P. Milloy
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Hyperglycemic, hyperosmolar, nonketotic coma developed in a 70-year-old acromegalic woman during progesterone therapy. Although recent reports of this syndrome stress low levels of plasma growth hormone, this patient had abnormally high levels. There may be a relationship between excess growth hormone and the hyperosmolar state. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded instance of this syndrome in acromegaly.