tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive effects after epidural vs general anesthesia in older adults. A randomized trial
Authors: P. Williams-Russo
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the effect of epidural vs general anesthesia on the incidence of long-term cognitive dysfunction after total knee replacement surgery in older adults. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled clinical trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Orthopedic specialty academic hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 262 patients undergoing elective primary total knee replacement with a median age of 69 years; 70% women. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Random assignment to either epidural or general anesthesia. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —A thorough neuropsychological assessment was performed preoperatively and repeated at 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. Cognitive outcome was assessed by within-patient change on 10 tests of memory, psychomotor, and language skills. Prospective standardized surveillance for cardiovascular complications was performed to allow simultaneous assessment of anesthetic effects on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes. <h3>Results.</h3> —The two groups were similar at baseline in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, and cognitive function. There were no significant differences between the epidural and general anesthesia groups in within-subject change from baseline on any of the 10 cognitive test results at either 1 week or 6 months. Overall, 5% of patients showed a long-term clinically significant deterioration in cognitive function. There was no difference between the anesthesia groups in the incidence of major cardiovascular complications (3% overall). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The type of anesthesia, general or epidural, does not affect the magnitude or pattern of postoperative cognitive dysfunction or the incidence of major cardiovascular complications in older adults undergoing elective total knee replacement. This is the largest trial of the effects of general vs regional anesthesia on cerebral function reported to date, with more than 99% power to detect a clinically significant difference on any of the neuropsychological tests. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:44-50)
Influence of current strength during pulmonary vein pacing on intracardiac electrograms in coronary sinus and posteromedial right atrium for pacemapping triggers of atrial fibrillation originating in pulmonary veins Manisha S. Ashar, Ralph J. Verdino, David J. Callans, Henry H. Hsia, Francis E. Marchlinski. University of Pennsylvania Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Understanding the decline in coronary heart disease mortality
Authors: R. J. Havlik
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Over a ten-year period, the United States has experienced a dramatic decline in coronary heart disease mortality, which has resulted in an overall reduction in total mortality and increased life expectancy. In this period between 1968 and 1978, the reduction has been about 25% and has occurred in both sexes, all races, and at all ages. The United States is virtually unique in the world in terms of the magnitude of the decline. Unfortunately, when 1980 age-adjusted rates are compared with 1979 rates, there has been a leveling off of the decline, perhaps as a result of unusually high influenza rates and record-breaking temperatures in many cities.<sup>1</sup>The cause of the decline has been a topic of much speculation. A conference sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in 1978 concluded that both risk-factor reduction and improved medical care contributed to the decline.<sup>2</sup>It has
Depression is common in African Caribbeans in UK inner cities
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nicotine nasal spray with patch is effective in stopping smoking On p 285 Blondal et al evaluate the efficacy of using a nicotine patch for 5 months with a nicotine spray for 1 year in stopping smoking.After 1 year, 27% of participants using the combined treatment were abstinent compared with 11% in the patch only group.Having access to nicotine in the nasal spray probably alleviated smoking urges.Five years after stopping treatment the difference in abstinence rates was double, emphasising the benefits of the combined treatment.
HGCSG1403: Phase I trial of oxaliplatin/irinotecan/S-1 (OX-IRIS) as first-line chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: A. Yoshikawa, Y. Kawamoto, S. Yuki, S. Nakano, K. Sawada, T. Muranaka, H. Nakatsumi, K. Harada, Y. Kobayashi, T. Miyagishima, T. Saiki, A. Ishiguro, R. Saito, N. Ehira, I. Iwanaga, K. Hatanaka, N. Abe, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakata, Y. Komatsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
DINITROPHENOL, A METABOLIC STIMULANT
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"CONSTITUTIONAL INADEQUACY"
Authors: S. K. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In an article on constitutional inadequacy that appeared in a recent issue ofThe Journal, Alvarez has crystallized certain ideas that have appeared in the medical literature from time to time. Essentially the idea put forth is that in this syndrome we are dealing with a whole body that is sick rather than with a single organ and that even if we find a diseased organ and remove it the person does not get well. This idea represents a departure from the older doctrine of Virchow and is bound to have a great effect on medical thinking in the future. In the latter part of the last century at a conference in Rome Virchow said "We do not recognize a body that is diseased in all its parts, but for each disease we must find a seat in some organ of the body." In 1942 Alvarez said
Instantaneous washday amputation. A plea for prevention
Authors: A. A. White
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>Instantaneous amputation of a portion of the upper extremity in two young boys occurred as a result of injury from commercial and domestic laundry machines. These patients are presented for two reasons: (1) to inform the medical profession of the hazard so that this can be communicated to patients and children; and (2) to stimulate interest in developing legal requirements for more effective safety mechanisms. A logical and effective prophylactic measure would be to build all such machines so that it is</i>impossible<i>to open them while the cylinder is rotating</i>.
Tim Chard
Authors: G. Grudzinskas
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A general practitioner and murdererFew doctors have had as great an impact on British medicine as Harold Shipman.When he and his colleagues qualified from Leeds Medical School in 1970, none of them would ever have imagined that his obituary in the BMJ would have opened with such a sentence.But his impact, and his legacy, is incalculable.Few lives can have raised so many questions about how we practise and regulate medicine.Britain's general practitioners are frequently the cornerstone of their community, offering care, compassion, and continuity.In return they are trusted-quite remarkably trusted.Shipman betrayed that trust in the most appalling and distressing way, killing at least 215, and possibly 260, of his patients.Harold Frederick Shipman was born in Nottingham in 1946, the son of a lorry driver.No one in his family had ever been to university.While he was taking his A levels, his mother died from cancer at the age of 42.He met his wife, Primrose Oxtoby, at a bus stop while he was at Leeds University, and they married in 1966.They had four children.Apart from the death of his mother, there was nothing unusual about his early years.At medical school, Fred-the name by which he was known throughout his later life-stood out only by being entirely unremarkable.So far, so normal.Shipman became a general practitioner in Todmorden, West Yorkshire, in 1974.But something had clearly happened to him.By 1976 he was self administering pethidine obtained by fiddled prescriptions.He was taken to court, fined £600 by magistrates, referred to a psychiatric unit near York, and was issued with a warning by the General Medical Council but was not struck off.By 1977 he had joined a group practice in Hyde but his violent mood swings made the partnership untenable and in 1992 he set up in singlehanded practice.No one knows when the killing first started, but from this point it escalated out of control.He killed people by injecting them with opiates, often at home, sometimes in the surgery.In 1998 another general practitioner in Hyde told the coroner of her suspicions, but after a police investigation it was felt that no further action was needed, and the killings continued.
Serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio has a potential as a useful surrogate marker for evaluation of muscle mass volume in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kazufumi Kobayashi, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Hirotaka Oura, Kengo Kanayama, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Keisuke Koroki, Susumu Maruta, Naoya Kanogawa, Soichiro Kiyono, Masato Nakamura, Takayuki Kondo, Tomoko Saito, Eiichiro Suzuki, Yoshihiko Ooka, Shingo Nakamoto, Akinobu Tawada, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Makoto Arai, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Maruyama, Jun Kato, Naoya Kato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
THE PATHOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE OF VASCULAR NEVI.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How women view postepisiotomy pain
Authors: A. Reading
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed operative procedures and yet little information is available on the subjective reactions in the puerperium to this procedure.The present study was designed to furnish information on the attitudes of patients, levels of pain, and of course recovery by studying a consecutive series of 101 Caucasian primiparea who received episiotomies at delivery.Women were interviewed within 24 hours of delivery and then, at three months after delivery, com- pleted a questionnaire.The high level of pain experienced was noteworthy.Labour pain and episiotomy pain were uncorrelated, indicating the importance of distinguishing between them.Several women were experiencing problems at the three-month follow-up, with some attributing these to the episiotomy repair.The data are presented in the framework of providing women in the postpartum period with systematic information on the nature of postepisiotomy pain and subsequent recovery to facilitate their adjustment.
De la Inquietud a la Revolución: Diez años de Rebeldías Universitarias. 1909-1919.
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cecil Hougie
Authors: L. Poller
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare disease, with estimates of prevalence varying considerably across countries due to paucity in data collection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of IPF in Canada using administrative data requiring minimal extrapolation. We used mandatory national administrative data from 2007–2011 to identify IPF cases of all ages with an International Classification of Diseases (Version 10, Canadian) diagnosis code of J84.1. We used a broad definition that excluded cases with subsequent diagnosis of other interstitial lung diseases, and a narrow definition that required further diagnostic testing prior to IPF diagnosis. We explored survival and quality of life. For all ages, the broad prevalence of IPF was 41.8 per 100 000 (14 259 cases) and was higher for men. The incidence rate was 18.7 per 100 000 (6390 cases) and was higher for men. The narrow prevalence was 20.0 per 100 000 (6822 cases) and incidence was 9.0 per 100 000 (3057 cases). The 4-year risk of death was 41.0% and the quality of life with IPF after 2 years was lower than for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using comprehensive national data, the prevalence of IPF in Canada was higher than other national estimates, suggesting that either IPF may be more common in Canada or that data capture may have been previously limited.
The similarity and frequency of proposals to reform US medical education. Constant concerns
Authors: N. A. Christakis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To identify the values and agendas underlying reports advocating the reform of medical education and to account for their similarity and repeated promulgation. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Major reports regarding undergraduate medical education reform published between 1910 and 1993 were identified through a manual bibliographic search. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Nineteen of a total of 24 reports met the two inclusion criteria: they directly addressed undergraduate medical education and contained a coherent body of recommendations. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Content analysis of 19 reports. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —All the reports articulate a specifically social vision of the medical profession, in which medical schools are seen as serving society. The reports are remarkably consistent regarding the objectives of reform and the specific reforms proposed. Core objectives of reform include the following: (1) to better serve the public interest, (2) to address physician workforce needs, (3) to cope with burgeoning medical knowledge, and (4) to increase the emphasis on generalism. Proposed reforms have tended to suggest changes in manner of teaching, content of teaching, faculty development, and organizational factors. Reforms such as increasing generalist training, increasing ambulatory care exposure, providing social science courses, teaching lifelong and self-learning skills, rewarding teaching, clarifying the school mission, and centralizing curriculum control have appeared almost continuously since 1910. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The similarity of the reports' objectives and reforms results not only from a similar body of problems, but also from the reaffirmation of similar values. The reports have two implicit agendas that transcend the reform of medical education: the affirmation of the social nature of the medical profession and self-regulation of the profession. These agendas help account for the reports' similarity and their repeated promulgation. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:706-711)
Abstract 5236: A qualitative change in transcriptome during MDCKII 3D epithelial morphogenesis is linked to intracellular trafficking
Authors: Tianfang Wang, Shaying Zhao, Shi-Yuan Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The majority of human cancers are derived from epithelial tissues. Understanding epithelial morphogenesis is hence important in cancer research. Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells, cultured in 3D and 2D conditions, are used extensively as a model for studying cell polarity, epithelial morphogenesis and carcinogenesis. Like other cell differentiation systems, gene expression plays a key role in MDCKII epithelial morphogenesis. To better understand the change in the transcriptome, we performed a time course RNA-seq analysis of MDCKII 3D cytogenesis, along with fully polarized 2D cells for comparison. Surprisingly, our study reveals that the change is not linear, but rather clearly biphasic. Specifically, about 3,000 genes are significantly up- or down-regulated between 24 hour and day 3 after seeding, when the lumen is forming, compared to &amp;lt; 120 such genes during other time intervals. Because previous studies have shown that Rab11-coordinated intracellular trafficking plays an essential role in MDCKII lumen formation, we hypothesize this qualitative change in the transcriptome is linked to intracellular trafficking. To test this hypothesis, we used knockdown clones of AVL9 and DENND5A, both interacting with Rab11 and participating in trafficking. Knockdown cells have altered cell polarity and defective trafficking, but not as significant changes in transcriptome as wild type cells, supporting our hypothesis. We then focused on β-catenin to better understand the mechanism. Our study reveals that in wild type cells, following the first cell division, β-catenin is depleted from the nucleus and enriched in cell-cell junction. This results in MYC transcriptional silencing (supported by ATAC-seq analysis), which in turn initiated down-regulation of numerous MYC target genes. These observations are however not observed in knockdown cells. Our study supports the qualitative change (“switch on-off”) model, rather than the quantitative (gradual) change model, in transcriptome remodeling during epithelial cell differentiation. Moreover, our work supports that intracellular trafficking likely initiates this quantitative change in transcriptome. Citation Format: Tianfang Wang, Shaying Zhao, Shi-Yuan Cheng. A qualitative change in transcriptome during MDCKII 3D epithelial morphogenesis is linked to intracellular trafficking [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5236.
Caveat emptor tops the eye chart for radial keratotomy candidates
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Since its introduction into this country (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:897-900), radial keratotomy— the ocular surgical procedure that aims to correct myopia by means of 4, 6, 8, or 16 symmetric corneal cuts—has been performed on nearly 150,000 Americans eager to shed their spectacles and contact lenses. According to many speakers at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology in San Francisco, radial keratotomy is an elective operation that people often choose because they see it widely advertised. Results of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study presented at last year's academy meeting (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1985; 253:1103-1104)—and now amended after two years of the National Eye Institute-sponsored investigation (<i>Ophthalmology</i>; in press)—show that, while there are many reported successes, there also are numerous patients who have not been helped. Now, for the first time, there are confirmed reports that some patients have been harmed. Denis M. O'Day, MD,
&lt;TITLE&gt;Understanding allergies&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Mi Hwang, Richard Glass, Jeff Molter
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Diffuse pulmonary disease in a 2 1/2-year-old child
Authors: M. E. Berlow
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 2 1/2 -year-old boy was first seen because of a nonproductive cough of two months' duration. A clinical diagnosis of bronchitis was made and the patient was discharged. Increasing dyspnea and fatigue during the subsequent three months precipitated further evaluation. The physical examination findings and laboratory data were unremarkable except for non-specific changes on auscultation of the chest. A chest roentgenogram was obtained (Figure) that demonstrates mild hyperaeration with predominately interstitial diffuse parenchymal infiltrates. "Cystic" areas are noted at the bases. The family relocated at this time. The child was examined at a distant medical center and treated for<i>Mycoplasma</i>infection without improvement. A radioisotope scan of the liver and spleen, a bone marrow biopsy specimen, and a radiological skeletal survey were normal. No additional physical signs were present. A lung biopsy was then performed. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Primary pulmonary histiocytosis, often referred to as histiocytosis X. Microscopic examination of
EPN-25ACTIVATION OF THE IL6/STAT3 PATHWAY IN CHILDHOOD EPENDYMOMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PRO-INFLAMMATORY TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT AND A POOR PROGNOSIS
Authors: Andrea Griesinger, Rebecca Josephson, Andrew Donson, Jean Mulcahy Levy, Vladimir Amani, Diane Birks, Lindsey Hoffman, Rajeev Vibhakar, Michael Handler, Nicholas Foreman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)