tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking in Postgraduate Medical Centres
Authors: Hector Maclennan, D Anderson, Mr Ivar, Mcg Boden, Mr Wilkins, W Captain, H Boyd, T Antoine, H Edwards, A Liley, R Alder, D Barron, G Batchelor, A Bates, H Benny, R Blair, K Bland, M Bloom, Olga Bolitho, C Brown, F Bulwa, A Butcher
Journal: BMJ (1971)

More Cholera, Less Smallpox Last year 42,900 cases of cholera were re- ported from 40 countries to the World Health Organization, with 6,800 deaths.Many more certainly went unreported apart from in- apparent infections, which are usually more numerous in an outbreak than frank cases.This was the worst year since the El Tor outbreak began in 1961, and the most dangerous feature of it was the infection of Africa by the disease.In contrast the 30,000 cases of smallpox reported last year to the W.H.O. were a record low total.A 70% decrease in the number of cases followed the introduction of a world-wide eradication campaign by the W. H.O. in 1967.
Cardiac involvement in a large kindred with myotonic dystrophy. Quantitative assessment and relation to size of CTG repeat expansion
Authors: L. S. Tokgozoglu
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate and quantitate cardiac involvement in myotonic dystrophy and assess whether the size of the trinucleotide (cytosine-thymine-guanine [CTG]) repeat expansion is a significant predictor of cardiac abnormalities. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study of a large kindred with myotonic dystrophy. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Ninety-one bloodline members of the kindred underwent clinical and cardiac evaluation with electrocardiograms, echocardiography (with Doppler in the majority of cases), and genetic and neurologic evaluations. Affected individuals were age-matched to normal family members. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities, wall motion abnormalities, mitral valve prolapse, and global parameters of systolic and diastolic function were determined by an observer blinded to all clinical data and genetic analysis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Compared with age-matched normals, patients with myotonic dystrophy (n=25) were more likely to have conduction abnormality (52% vs 9%), mitral valve prolapse (32% vs 9%), and wall motion abnormality (28% vs 0%) (all<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume were reduced compared with normals matched for age and heart rate (<i>P</i>&lt;.05), whereas Doppler indexes of diastolic function were only marginally altered. Using multivariate analysis, the number of CTG repeats (range, 69 to 1367; normal, ≤37) was the strongest predictor of abnormalities in wall motion and electrocardiographic conduction (odds ratio of 16.5 and 5.07 per 500 repeats, respectively). The relation of mitral valve prolapse to the size of the CTG repeat was of borderline significance. Patients with more extensive neurologic findings (n=12) had a higher incidence of wall motion and/or electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities (83% vs 43%;<i>P</i>=.04). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Cardiac involvement in myotonic dystrophy affects predominantly the conduction system and myocardial function. Alterations in myocardial relaxation and diastolic properties, in contrast to skeletal muscle myotonia, are minor. In this kindred, the number of CTG repeats was a significant predictor of cardiac dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:813-819)
Brain Metastasis
Authors: Kurt A. Jaeckle
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This authoritative volume on diagnosis and treatment of brain metastasis is the second in a series on metastasis and is the product of a workshop at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in September 1978. After an excellent introductory chapter that serves as an "overture," the book is subsequently divided into three sections. The first section deals with the basic pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of brain metastasis and explores current research in such areas as experimental metastasis, modes of spread and the "cascade" process, brain tumor microvasculature and the blood-brain barrier, and principles of chemotherapy and immunology. The second section reviews the currently available clinical and radiological methods used in the diagnosis of brain metastasis and includes a timely chapter on positron-emission tomography. The third section, on treatment, is extensive and current. It begins with an analysis of the benefit of palliative management from an ethical standpoint. This is followed
THE INSANITY OF CONDUCT.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of Hair Dye Use, Benign Breast Disease, and Breast Cancer: Reply
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Relationship of Hair Dye Use, Benign Breast Disease, and Breast Cancer: Reply Get access Philip C. Nasca, Philip C. Nasca 1Cancer Control Bureau New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12237 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles E. Lawrence, Charles E. Lawrence 1Cancer Control Bureau New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12237 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Greenwald, Peter Greenwald 1Cancer Control Bureau New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12237 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sherry Chorost, Sherry Chorost 1Cancer Control Bureau New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12237 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeffrey T. Arbuckle, Jeffrey T. Arbuckle 1Cancer Control Bureau New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12237 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Albert Paulson Albert Paulson 2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12181 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Pages 855–856, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.855-a Published: 01 November 1980
How the oral contraceptives came to be developed
Authors: J. W. Goldzieher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IT IS an appealing and romantic notion to think that great discoveries spring fullblown from the brow of genius, catalyzed by trivial events such as an overflowing bathtub or a falling apple; indeed, some great discoveries may have happened in this way. However, in today's world, with its virtually instant information access and the living presence of nine tenths of all the scientists who ever existed, discoveries are more likely to arise from a coincidence of information, technological advances, intellectual and societal timeliness, and financial support. The development of hormonal contraceptives is one of the epochal events of the 20th century. Its direct and remote effects on moral, social, and other cultural values; on the interaction of population, resources, and environment; and thus on the ultimate state of the human condition remain for future historians to assess. <h3>The Idea</h3> It has been said that every idea has a pedigree. The
Physicians who have lost their malpractice insurance. Their demographic characteristics and the surplus-lines companies that insure them
Authors: W. B. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The present study analyzes demographic data on 920 physicians who lost their coverage and applied to a "surplus-lines" company that insures essentially all applicants. Our analysis reveals that (1) some specialties are heavily overrepresented in the surplus-lines pool, (2) physicians aged 45 to 54 years are also overrepresented, (3) board certification is seen as frequently in the surplus-lines group as in the US physician population, and (4) the percentage of foreign medical graduates in the surplus-lines pool is virtually the same as that in the US physician population. A model of the actuarial process by which claims data can lead to termination of standard coverage suggests that disproportionate representation of high-risk specialties is not simply a function of a high average claims rate. We also show that, in contrast to joint underwriting associations, surpluslines companies impose high premiums, large deductibles, and restrictions on practice, all of which are likely to reduce the frequency of negligent behavior. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1335-1341)
SYPHILIS AND SUICIDE.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Time-Variant Exposure on Toxic Substance Response
Authors: Paul F. Morrison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Sources of time-variant exposure to toxic substances are identified and examined for their effects on the estimation of response. It is shown that only time-averaged target tissue concentrations are required to obtain rigorous risk estimates from the one-hit and multihit models. In contrast, detailed concentration histories need to be retained throughout analyses involving two-event models with intermediate-stage clonal growth advantage (clonal two-stage) and multistage models. Cumulative incidence ratios, based on the exact to time-averaged treatment of concentration time dependencies, are evaluated for substances whose toxic responses exhibit moderate (arsenic) and strong (ethylene dibromide) dependence on time of actual exposure. These ratios reveal that time-averaged dose approximations may lead to several orders of magnitude error in both the multistage and clonal two-stage models if exposure periods are short, and that 3.4-fold (arsenic) and 8-fold (ethylene dibromide) errors still exist even when an actual two-thirds lifetime exposure is averaged over a full lifetime. Finally, the effects of time-variant exposure on risk estimation due to migration and birth-death in an epidemiological setting are examined. A residence time distribution calculation shows that, if these effects are ignored for a population orally exposed to arsenic and characterized by an out-migration rate in excess of 5%/yr, response errors will exceed an order of magnitude.
Transplantation
Authors: Mark A. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The 30000 patients currently awaiting transplantation in the United States include an increasing number of children and elderly adults.<sup>1</sup>Transplantation in these two populations has its own unique characteristics. Experience with 52 neonates requiring cardiac transplantation has demonstrated survival of 86% and 84% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, with more than 90% of patients ultimately receiving maintenance therapy with cyclosporine alone.<sup>2</sup> The use of reduced-size grafts (organ segments or lobes for transplantation) has helped to offset the shortage of pediatric donor organs; reduced-size liver transplants have reduced mortality of infants on waiting lists from 25% to 1%.<sup>3</sup>Recently, a pulmonary lobe from an older donor was transplanted into a 4-week-old infant, resulting in good short-term function.<sup>4</sup> Renal transplantation in elderly patients is increasingly common. A Swedish analysis of renal transplantation has shown that although mortality and morbidity were higher in recipients older than 60 years
Correction: Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Changqing Xie, Austin G. Duffy, Gagandeep Brar, Suzanne Fioravanti, Donna Mabry-Hrones, Melissa Walker, Cecilia Monge Bonilla, Bradford J. Wood, Deborah E. Citrin, Elizabeth M. Gil Ramirez, Freddy E. Escorcia, Bernadette Redd, Jonathan M. Hernandez, Jeremy L. Davis, Billel Gasmi, David Kleiner, Seth M. Steinberg, Jennifer C. Jones, Tim F. Greten
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

In the original version of this article (1), the graph lines were mislabeled in Fig. 2C and D. The graphs have been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors regret this error.
Human Rabies—Mississippi, 2005
Journal: JAMA (2006)

On September 27, 2005, a previously healthy boy aged 10 years in Mississippi died from encephalitis later attributed to rabies. This report summarizes the patient's clinical course and the subsequent epidemiologic investigation, which implicated exposure to bats at the boy's home as the likely source of rabies. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing the risk for rabies from direct contact with bats and seeking prompt medical attention when exposure occurs.
First treatment choice for patients (pts) with advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) presenting with brain metastasis (BM): A preliminary report of a multi-institutional survey
Authors: C. F. Pollera, L. Moscetti, F. Nelli, E. Cortesi, G. D'Auria, A. De Pasquale Ceratti, T. Gamucci, G. Mansueto, A. Ceribelli, A. Felici
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7365 Background: Phase III trials evaluating platinum-based chemotherapy (CT) have recently challenged the standard option of radiotherapy (WBRT) in the treatment of NSCLC pts presenting with brain metastases. Although the current options are often driven by the clinical status (e.g. BM symptoms) and the local practice (e.g. referred specialist and hospital resources), the common approach including WBRT followed by CT could not represent the treatment of choice when BM symptoms are absent or controlled by supportive therapy. To analyze the decision-tree by which the participating Institutions guided the treatment choices and to evaluate the activity of CT as frontline treatment in an unselected patient population presenting with BM at diagnosis, we conducted the present survey. Methods: This preliminary analysis includes a subset of 49 pts fulfilling the following criteria: pathologic proof of NSCLC, stage IV with BM at first diagnosis, age ≤ 80 yrs, ECOG PS ≤ 2, eligibility for platinum-based regimens. Patient characteristics included median age 63 yrs (range 35–77), median PS 1, histology: 32 adeno, 11 squamous, 6 undifferentiated. BMs were the unique site of metastasis in 22% of pts, multiple sites were found in 57% of cases. The first treatment choice included CT in 27 pts and local treatment (WBRT or surgery) followed by CT in 22. Platinum-based CT included gemcitabine in 39 pts. Results: The choice of treatment was mainly guided by BM symptoms with CT selected in 38% vs 74% of pts, whether or not symptoms were present. Regardless of treatment, the overall BM response was 41% (33% vs 50% for CT and local treatment subgroups, respectively). For the general population the overall response, PFS and MST were 36%, 7 and 11 months, respectively. Conclusions: This preliminary analysis emphasizes the worth of clinical presentation in the decision making process. The activity of CT alone in BM control is confirmed also in the current practice. The optimal treatment choice for pts presenting with BM should deserve prospective evaluation. A subset analysis will be presented. (Supported by FORO) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Misleading features of benign spinal cord tumors. Report of three cases
Authors: G. B. Udvarhelyi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Three patients with the clinical features of extramedullary compression of the spinal cord due to meningioma and neurinoma all presented with an incomplete Brown-Séquard syndrome. A striking improvement in gait occurred postoperatively in all three patients. The erroneous diagnosis in one patient was posterolateral sclerosis; in another it was rheumatoid arthritis; and in the third, Parkinson's disease and peripheral neuritis. In these cases, the correct diagnosis was made by careful attention to the neurological findings. In view of the exceptionally good prognosis following surgery in extramedullary tumors of this type, it is imperative that this diagnosis should be seriously considered in all patients with a history of progressive difficulty in walking. The importance of visualizing the entire spinal canal while performing myelographic studies is stressed.
Measles
Authors: C. C. Grayson
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab is effective in treating Sézary syndrome, a leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of pembrolizumab on healthy and malignant T cells in Sézary syndrome and to discover characteristics that predict pembrolizumab response. Samples were analyzed before and after 3 weeks of pembrolizumab treatment by single-cell RNA-sequencing of 118,961 peripheral blood T cells isolated from six Sézary syndrome patients. T-cell receptor clonotyping, bulk RNA-seq signatures, and whole exome data were integrated to classify malignant T-cells and their underlying subclonal heterogeneity. We found that responses to pembrolizumab were associated with lower <i>KIR3DL2</i> expression within Sézary T cells. Pembrolizumab modulated Sézary cell gene expression of T-cell activation associated genes. The CD8 effector populations included clonally expanded populations with a strong cytotoxic profile. Expansions of CD8 terminal effector and CD8 effector memory T-cell populations were observed in responding patients after treatment. We observed intrapatient Sézary cell heterogeneity including subclonal segregation of a coding mutation and copy number variation. Our study reveals differential effects of pembrolizumab in both malignant and healthy T cells. These data support further study of <i>KIR3DL2</i> expression and CD8 immune populations as predictive biomarkers of pembrolizumab response in Sézary syndrome.
Statewide study of chloramphenicol therapy and fatal aplastic anemia
Authors: R. O. Wallerstein
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Fatal aplastic anemia is a rare disorder, occurring in two per million population each year. Death usually follows overwhelming infection or hemorrhage, or both. The course from onset of anemia to death is often only a few months. Fatal aplastic anemia appeared to be 13 times more frequent after the use of chloramphenicol. Anemia may not appear until the second or even third course of chloramphenicol therapy, and it is not related to dosage.
Trauma
Authors: J. Acosta, J. Caturla, C. Muñoz, M. Dalgado, P. Marino, G. Garcia, R. H. Demling, C. Lalondé, L. Picardi, C. Campbell, W. Lingnau, J. Berger, F. Javorsky, Ch. Putensen, R. M. H. Roumen, Th. Hendriks, R. J. A. Goris, M. M. Sayr, W. Furtwaengler, N. J. Mutz
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Physicians in Congress
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal