tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disease Reports: Deaths from Lung Cancer—United States, 1986
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple cases of leukemia associated with one house
Authors: P. McPhedran
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Leukemia occurred in four persons associated with a single house in a small town between 1950 and 1967. Three of these persons had acute leukemia and one had chronic granulocytic leukemia progressing to acute leukemia. Three were occupants of the house and the fourth was a frequent visitor. No other occupants of the house have suffered from malignant neoplasm. Radiation surveys of the house and its surroundings revealed no abnormalities. Other town residents with leukemia did not live near the index house and were not clustered in other houses. A survey of 917 cases of leukemia in metropolitan Atlanta revealed only four addresses shared by more than one person with leukemia. All four were addresses of multiple family dwellings. The occurrence of multiple cases of leukemia in a single house is clearly a rare event. While at present their significance is hard to assess, the possible importance of such events warrants their close investigation whenever they are detected.
Control of cotton dust exposure
Authors: D. C. Christiani
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is possible that Professor Thisted missed the statement in our article that duration of the episode before entry is statistically significantly associated with the composite treatment score, the antidepressant dose level, neuroleptic drugs, and minor tranquilizers. Table 6 indicates these associations and their descriptive levels of significance, together with the statistical tests. On page 1853, first column, we state: "Duration of the episode before entry, severity, GAS score... were strongly associated with two or more treatment modalities." The beginning sentence of that section refers to Table 6. Those are the statistical facts that we reported. It is also possible that we may have inadvertently misled Professor Thisted in the following way. On page 1852, we state that "even selecting a group of patients whose depression began at least three or six months before entry does not lead to a substantial increase in treatment intensity." Our intent, apparently
History
Authors: A. Mark Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis B and C viruses and their interaction in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: E. Kaklamani
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Serum taken from patients in a case-control study in Athens, Greece, was used to examine the interactive roles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An enzyme immunoassay for anti-HCV was used to test serum taken from 185 cases with HCC, 35 cases with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 432 hospital controls. Weakly positive anti-HCV results were more strongly related to MLC than to HCC, implying that these anti-HCV results are false positive. By contrast, strongly positive anti-HCV results were significantly related to HCC (relative risk [RR], 6.3), whereas no significant association was evident for MLC (RR, 0.6). The association of anti-HCV with HCC was substantially higher among subjects whose radioimmunoassay was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (RR, 20.0) than among those whose radioimmunoassay was negative for this marker (RR, 4.8). These findings indicate that HCV infection has an interactive role in the origin of HCC. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1974-1976)
Chemotherapy with or without maintenance sunitinib for untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A randomized, placebo controlled phase II study CALGB 30504 (ALLIANCE).
Authors: Neal Ready, Herbert Pang, Lin Gu, Gregory Alan Otterson, Sachdev P. Thomas, Antonius Arthur Miller, Maria Quintos Baggstrom, Gregory A. Masters, Stephen L. Graziano, Jeffrey Crawford, Jeffrey Bogart, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

7506 Background: Sunitinib (S) inhibits small cell lung cancer (SCLC) targets VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, and KIT. We tested whether giving S after chemotherapy (C) for extensive stage SCLC improves progression free survival (PFS). Methods: CALGB 30504 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo (P) controlled phase II study for untreated SCLC, performance status 0-2, adequate organ function, and no S risk factors: bleeding, hypertension, or brain metastases. Enrollment was prior to C: cisplatin 80 mg/m 2 or carboplatin AUC5 day 1 plus etoposide 100 mg/m 2 days 1-3 every 21 days 4-6 cycles. Patients without progression after C were stratified cisplatin vs carboplatin, and 4-5 vs 6 cycles C, and randomized 1:1 to P or S 37.5 mg daily until progression assessed every 6 weeks. Prophylactic cranial irradiation was offered to responders (CR or PR) to start about 4-6 weeks after C. S was held during radiation. Crossover from P to S was allowed at progression. Primary endpoint was PFS (from time of randomization) for maintenance (M) P vs S using a 1-sided log rank test with a=0.15; 80 randomized and treated patients provide »89% power to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.67. Results: Between 5/09 and 12/11, 144 enrolled and 138 received C. Ninety five were randomized to P vs S; 10 did not receive M due to progression, refusal, and AE (5 each arm). Eighty five received M, 41 P and 44 S. Demographics were balanced. M toxicities grade &gt; 3 and incidence &gt; 5% included (%): grade 3 (S: fatigue 19, neutrophils 10, leukocytes 7, platelets 7) (P: fatigue 5); grade 4 (S: 1case GI hemorrhage, 1case lipase) P zero; grade 5 zero both arms. Efficacy (90% CI): PFS on maintenance after C was P 2.3 mo (CI: 1.7-2.6) and S 3.8 mo (2.7-4.4) (HR=1.54, CI 1.03-2.32, p=0.04). Overall survival (OS) was P 6.7 mo (5.5-9.5) and S 8.8 mo (8.0-9.8) (HR=1.10, CI 0.71-1.70, p=0.36). At progression on P, 17 received S and among 14 evaluable 10 (71%) had stable disease receiving 2-9 cycles S. Conclusions: The primary objective was met showing improved PFS for maintenance S. There was a non-significant trend toward improved OS despite crossover design. S was well tolerated. Further study of sunitinib after chemotherapy for SCLC is justified. Clinical trial information: NCT00453154.
Amputation of the ischaemic limb.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Are all the forms of polycystic kidney disease really due to developmental abnormalities ?Previously even the adult type has been attributed to abnormal fetal development12; but experimentally, diphenylamine,13 14 long-acting adrenal corti- costeroids,1' and potassium depletion16 can all produce cystic disease of the kidneys.Possibly adults who develop polycystic disease have inherited simply a metabolic defect that leads to secondary changes in the kidneys with the formation of cysts.'7
A New Oral Penicillin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COLD PANNICULITIS IN CHILDREN
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reversible impairment of neonatal hepatobiliary function by maternal cholestasis
Authors: M Monte
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The effect of total blockage of maternal biliary excretion during the last third of the pregnancy on the maturation of hepatobiliary function was investigated in neonatal rats. Extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct on day 14 of pregnancy induced a marked enhancement in serum bilirubin–mainly conjugated bilirubin–and bile acid concentrations as compared with sham-operated pregnant rats. Excretion of bile acids by the kidney was significantly increased, whereas fecal elimination of these compounds was almost abolished. Most of the cholestatic mothers (CMs) (77%) were able to carry pregnancy to term and lactation until weaning (21 days after birth). The body and liver weights of their offspring were lower than for offspring of control healthy mothers in all postnatal periods considered. Serum bile acid concentrations were higher in the fetuses and neonates of CMs. This difference was evident up to 1 week after weaning and disappeared in young adult animals (8 weeks old). When the bile secretion rate was investigated in these animals at 4 or 8 weeks of age, no significant difference was found as far as nonstimulated bile flow and bile acid output was concerned. However, the biliary response to stepwise sodium taurocholate (TC) intravenous infusion showed that 4-week-old neonates of CMs had impaired bile acid secretion. Moreover, the maximal secretion rate (SRmax) for TC was significantly reduced (-30%), whereas the choleretic ability of taurocholate was not modified. This alteration was not selective for bile acids. The SRmax for bromosulfophthalein (BSP) was also significantly lowered (-40%). These dysfunctions were overcome during subsequent development. No impaired biliary response to either TC or BSP infusion was observed at 8 weeks of age. Morphological abnormalities in the canaliculi were found in animals with impaired biliary function. In summary, these results indicate that maternal cholestasis may profoundly but transiently impair the normal liver maturation. The importance of the implications derived from these findings both in the nutrition and management of human neonates demands further evaluation of the hepatobiliary function of babies born after alterations of fetal-maternal bile acid homeostasis, such as in maternal obstetric cholestasis.
Comparison of molecular (BluePrint and MammaPrint) and pathological subtypes for breast cancer among the first 800 patients from the EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04 (MINDACT) trial.
Authors: Giuseppe Viale, Leen Slaets, Femke De Snoo, Laura J. van 't Veer, Emiel J. Rutgers, Jan Bogaerts, Lisette Stork-Sloots, Kristel Engelen, Leila Russo, Patrizia Dell'Orto, Fatima Cardoso, Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

32 Background: Biology has become the main driver of breast cancer therapy. Intrinsic biological subtypes by gene expression profiling have been identified. Pathology can be used to define surrogates of these subtypes but these are not always concordant, which may lead to different treatment plans. We investigated the concordance between BluePrint (BP) + MammaPrint (MP) (micro array based) breast cancer subtypes and pathological surrogates (based on ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67). Contrary to the Perou gene set (evolved into PAM50), BluePrint was trained using pathological data. Methods: Using available data (centrally assessed pathology and genomic) from the MINDACT pilot phase (Rutgers et al 2011) 621 tumors were analyzed. Two pathology classifications were used: one with 4 categories and one with 5 categories (Goldhirsch et al 2011). Based on BP 3 subtypes are formed: Luminal, HER2 and Basal. The Luminal subtype is further split into Luminal A (MP low risk) and Luminal B (MP high risk). Results: See table. Conclusions: All pathological Basal cases are BP Basal, apart from 1 BP HER2 case. Of the BP Basal cases, 15 are not pathological Basal: 1 is Luminal A, 11 are Luminal B (of which 8 are IHC ER/PR borderline (≥1% and &lt; 10%)) and 3 are HER2. All pathological Luminal (A &amp; B) that are BP HER2 are HER2- by TargetPrint. 25 of the 26 pathological HER2+ that are BP Luminal A are ER+. Most discordant cases are seen within the Luminal subtype, indicating that Ki67 discriminates Luminal A vs. B differently than MammaPrint does. The observed subtype discrepancies reveal potential important impact for treatment-decision making. MINDACT will provide important information. [Table: see text]
Total circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer prior to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy
Authors: J. Hamfjord, T. Guren, O. Dajani, B. Glimelius, H. Sorbye, P. Pfeiffer, T. Christoffersen, O. Lingjærde, K. Tveit, E. Kure, N. Pallisgaard, K. Spindler
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Small fragments of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be detected in blood from cancer patients. Previous studies have shown a prognostic value mainly prior to second and subsequent lines of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of total plasma cfDNA in a patient population prior to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for non-resectable mCRC in the NORDIC-VII study. Methods: A total of 547 patients had blood samples available for pre-treatment quantification of total cfDNA. Plasma samples were used for DNA purification and quantification of total cfDNA by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (measuring beta-2-microglobulin DNA concentration) with controls for contamination from normal lymphocytes. Clinical endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: Total cfDNA levels were successfully quantified in plasma from 499 patients, 48 samples were excluded mainly due to lymphocyte contamination. The median level was 7,833 alleles per mL plasma (range 1,050 – 1,645,000). High total cfDNA levels were associated with poor performance status, intact primary tumor and presence of liver metastases. There was no significant difference in cfDNA levels according to treatment arms. When dividing patients into groups of cfDNA quartiles, worse survival was seen with increasing pre-treatment levels of total cfDNA ( p < 0.001). Patients with total cfDNA above median levels (n = 250) had an OS of 16.1 months (95% CI 14.4 – 17.8) compared to patients with below median levels (n = 249) with an OS of 25.1 months (95% CI 22.4 –27.8, p < 0.001). In a Cox regression multivariate analysis (n = 496), total cfDNA level remained an independent prognostic marker ( p = 0.001) after adjusting for performance status, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Conclusion: The level of total cfDNA in plasma has prognostic value in patients with mCRC prior to first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
Bacterial endotoxin may be culprit in 'Monday fever'
Authors: C. Macek
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Byssinosis, the chronic lung disorder that is said to affect thousands of cotton mill workers, has been recognized as a serious occupational health risk for several decades. However, although debate continues about causative agents and appropriate ways to eliminate them from the workplace, the good news is that the risk of contracting byssinosis is now considered to be substantially reduced. This is the result of a cotton dust standard implemented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1978. Byssinotic patients exhibit a characteristic "Monday syndrome"—coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and decreased ventilatory capacity—that is most marked early in the work week or after a vacation. With continued exposure, the symptoms extend further into the work week and eventually lung function is permanently impaired even in the absence of dust exposure. Cotton fibers seemed at first to be the obvious culprit as early epidemiologic studies found a
FRI0162 The link between angiogenesis and osteogenesis in spondyloarthritis
Authors: M.H. Kaaij, J.P. van Hamburg, G. Kollias, D.L.P. Baeten, L.M. van Duivenvoorde, S.W. Tas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Spondyloarthritis is characterised by inflammation, extensive angiogenesis and pathological osteogenesis. Transmembrane (tm)TNF transgenic (tg) mice<sup><sup>1</sup></sup> that overexpress tmTNF exhibit features of SpA, including chronic inflammation and pathological osteogenesis. tmTNF ligation to TNF receptor 2 in endothelial cells (ECs) can induce signal transduction pathways, that may promote these processes. Of note, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled by EC differentiation towards a type H (CD31<sup>hi</sup>endomucin<sup>hi</sup>) phenotype.<sup><sup>2</sup></sup> <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the link between pathological angiogenesis and osteogenesis in tmTNF tg mice. <h3>Methods</h3> Vertebrae and ankles from 6 and 12 weeks and 8 months old tmTNF tg mice or sex-matched non-tg littermates (n=18) were prepared by cutting 60 µm thick cryosections for confocal imaging. <h3>Results</h3> tmTNF tg mice exhibited ectopic osteogenesis which was not observed in non-tg littermates. The provided image demonstrates an ectopic lesion at the white arrow. Immunostainings showed that type H vessels are in the vicinity of the ectopic osteogenesis and osterix<sup>+</sup> osteoprogenitors. At six weeks of age, osterix<sup>+</sup> cells are located throughout the ectopic lesion, while at eight months, osterix<sup>+</sup> cells are only present at the border of the lesion. Furthermore, there is increased osteogenesis and a different vessel architecture within the vertebrae of tmTNF tg mice compared to non-tg littermates that progresses with age. Non-tg littermate vertebrae only have physiological osteogenesis, which is in the metaphysis and periosteum. In addition, tmTNF tg mice also exhibit altered bone marrow (BM) architecture containing extensive lymphoid aggregates, which predominantly consisted of B220<sup>+</sup> B cells. <h3>Conclusions</h3> tmTNF overexpression in mice leads to development of type H vessels associated with ectopic osteogenesis. In addition, extensive lymphoid aggregates develop in the BM. Current studies are aimed at identification of signalling pathways in ECs that contribute to these processes. <h3>References</h3> [1] Alexopoulou L, et al. Eur J Immunol1997;27(10):2588–92. [2] Kusumbe AP, et al. Nature2014;507(7492):323–328. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract 1721: Moving beyond <i>in vitro</i> models and addressing the challenges of pooled RNAi screens in mouse xenografts
Authors: Paul Diehl, Donato Tedesco, Kyle Bonneau, Mikhail Makhanov, Debbie Deng, Peiqing Sun, Alex Chenchik
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract RNAi loss-of-function screening with pooled shRNA expression libraries has proven to be a useful tool to identify essential cancer genes and drug resistance mechanisms in numerous cell lines in vitro. The effects of knocking down large numbers of genes on cancer cell growth and viability can be measured simultaneously using this approach. Now there is considerable interest to adapt RNAi viability screens to ex vivo xenograft mouse models. However, small take rates, growth rate variance of cells, and differing cell microenvironments in these more complex tumor models impose significant challenges to this sort of assay. We have developed a novel approach based on the use of pooled shRNA libraries with clonal barcodes that enables proliferation measurements of clonal populations produced by the individual shRNA-expressing founder cells that produce the tumor. This RNAi clonal analysis provides a basis to separate, across large cell populations, the external parameters that strongly influence cell growth rates from shRNA-induced growth inhibition in these systems. We will present in vivo RNAi screening validation data for several cancer models. Citation Format: Paul Diehl, Donato Tedesco, Kyle Bonneau, Mikhail Makhanov, Debbie Deng, Peiqing Sun, Alex Chenchik. Moving beyond in vitro models and addressing the challenges of pooled RNAi screens in mouse xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1721