tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brainwave to brilliant innovation
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Geoff Watts enthuses about the work of Medical Futures Lens-free ophthalmoscope It was in the 1950s that Roger Armour, then a medical student in Lahore, began thinking about ophthalmoscopes. Why, he wondered, were they so complicated and so expensive? Couldn't these useful instruments be simpler and cheaper? Fast forward half a century and the answer is “yes.” A Cambridge company, Ophthalmos (www.ophthalmos.co.uk), now makes a pocket sized, lens-free ophthalmoscope that sells for half the price of a conventional instrument. It's a direct descendant of Armour's original idea (box 1)-and the man himself, now in his 70s, is one of the company's directors. ### Box 1: Lens-free ophthalmoscopy Roger Armour's first thoughts about trying to develop a simpler ophthalmoscope were short lived. “I didn't think it was possible for someone like me without any engineering knowledge. But the idea stayed with me during my time in the NHS.” The son of an English mother and a Pakistani father, Armour moved to the UK and worked as a general and vascular surgeon, retiring from Stevenage's Lister Hospital when he was 62. It was then that a conversation with an ophthalmologist friend who'd been to Africa prompted him to get serious about the idea of a lens-free ophthalmoscope. “It took me six months to work out what to do. I then got some material from an art shop and made one. It looked such a mess I was certain it wouldn't work.” But he tried it anyway-first on his wife. “To my amazement I could see the retinal vessels in her fundus. And then I examined the cat.” To achieve maximum simplicity and cheapness Armour has dispensed with all the non-essential parts, including the rotating set of lenses. If the user or the patient has a refractive error that might blur the image, one or other (or both) … RETURN TO TEXT
Correction
Authors: B M Scirica, E Braunwald, I Raz, M A Cavender, D A Morrow, P Jarolim, J A Udell, O Mosenzon, K Im, A A Umez-Eronini, P S Pollack, B Hirshberg, R Frederich, B S Lewis, D K McGuire, J Davidson, P G Steg, D L Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Levels of Seven Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in a Human Reference Population
Authors: Benjamin C. Blount, Manori J. Silva, Samuel P. Caudill, Larry L. Needham, Jim L. Pirkle, Eric J. Sampson, George W. Lucier, Richard J. Jackson, John W. Brock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Using a novel and highly selective technique, we measured monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in urine samples from a reference population of 289 adult humans. This analytical approach allowed us to directly measure the individual phthalate metabolites responsible for the animal reproductive and developmental toxicity while avoiding contamination from the ubiquitous parent compounds. The monoesters with the highest urinary levels found were monoethyl phthalate (95th percentile, 3,750 ppb, 2,610 microg/g creatinine), monobutyl phthalate (95th percentile, 294 ppb, 162 microg/g creatinine), and monobenzyl phthalate (95th percentile, 137 ppb, 92 microg/g creatinine), reflecting exposure to diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and benzyl butyl phthalate. Women of reproductive age (20-40 years) were found to have significantly higher levels of monobutyl phthalate, a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rodents, than other age/gender groups (p < 0.005). Current scientific and regulatory attention on phthalates has focused almost exclusively on health risks from exposure to only two phthalates, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-isononyl phthalate. Our findings strongly suggest that health-risk assessments for phthalate exposure in humans should include diethyl, dibutyl, and benzyl butyl phthalates.
Oculomotor palsy as initial manifestation of myeloma
Authors: N. Sundaresan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

OF THE various tumors that may cause third nerve palsy, the most common are metastatic deposits at the base of the skull, parasellar meningiomas, chromophobe adenomas, clival chordomas, and nasopharyngeal carcinomas.<sup>1</sup>Since plasmacytomas and multiple myelomas presenting initially with third nerve palsy have not, to our knowledge, been reported before, we present a case of plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old man noticed the sudden onset of horizontal diplopia that worsened over the next two days. This was followed by progressive drooping of the left eyelid, dull bifrontal headaches, and left retroorbital pain. Numbness over the forehead and left cheek were then noted. Initial physical examination showed no abnormal findings. Notable neurologic findings were limited to the cranial nerves. There was an exotropia of the left eye in the primary position of gaze, and diplopia most severe on horizontal gaze to the right. Some
Paint and grease gun injuries of the hand
Authors: R. J. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PENETRATING high-velocity injection wounds of the hand caused by grease and paint are common. They are surgical emergencies and require immediate decompression. To treat these wounds by expectant observation can cause catastrophic results with eventual amputation of digits. A review of the literature shows 73 pressure gun injuries of the hand.<sup>1-3</sup>There were 30 grease gun injuries of which 12 resulted in amputation. There were 23 paint gun injuries of which ten required amputation. The nozzles of paint and grease guns emit a fine jet stream from 600 to 7,000 pounds per square inch.<sup>4</sup>This is like the muzzle velocity of a rifle. Paint or grease fired at these velocities through small nozzles drives the jet stream through the skin and then it spreads along fascial planes, tendon sheaths, and even neurovascular bundles. After entering the finger, the paint or grease may be found in the palm, wrist,
AML1/RUNX1 Mutations in 470 Adult Patients with De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prognostic Implication and Interaction with Other Gene Alterations.
Authors: Hsin An Hou, Jih-Luh Tang, Liang-In Lin, Chien-Yuan Chen, Wen-Chien Chou, Mei-Hsuan Tseng, Chi-Fei Huang, Fen-Yu Lee, Ming-Chih Liu, Ming Yao, Shang-Yi Huang, Bo-Sheng Ko, Szu-Chun Hsu, Shang-Ju Wu, Woei Tsai, Yao-Chang Chen, Hwei-Fang Tien
Journal: Blood (2009)
Tissue burdens of toxic pollutants
Authors: D. W. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An article in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2112) presents new information on the tissue burden of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) of Michigan residents and relates this to the tissue burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,2′-<i>bis</i>-(<i>p</i>-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT). The finding that 70% of a random sample of the population have detectable levels of PBB in serum and 9796 have PBB in adipose tissue is a dramatic one. It is another reminder of our vulnerability to the increasing number and volume of potentially toxic chemicals used in manufacturing, agriculture, pest control, and food processing. The concomitant tissue burdens of PCB, PBB, and DDE may have greater biologic significance than each considered separately. The nature and extent of environmental contamination by the three chemicals vary greatly. The oldest is PCB, which was introduced in the United States in 1930. Its use in manufacturing
Medical uses of radiation
Authors: L. A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

During this past year, as public concern regarding harmful effects of environmental pollutants has intensified, particular attention has been directed toward exposures to ionizing radiations, especially from nuclear power reactors. Standards regulating radiation exposures, from which medical procedures are exempted, have also been criticized as too permissive. Radiation protection standards for all federal agencies, including the Atomic Energy Commission, are issued as guidance by the President, based on recommendations of the Federal Radiation Council. The independently derived recommendations of the FRC for radiation protection are compatible with those of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Levels of exposure permitted by these standards have specifically and consistently excluded medical exposures as being best determined on a benefit-risk basis for each patient by his personal physician. From review of current population exposures, it is clear that the exposures from all industrial sources,
Phase I study of sorafenib and RAD001 for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: J. E. Rosenberg, V. K. Weinberg, C. Claros, C. Ryan, A. M. Lin, L. Fong, D. Brocks, E. J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5109 Background: Both RAD001 and sorafenib have activity against advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Simultaneous angiogenesis and mTOR inhibition may lead to improved outcomes. A phase I trial combining sorafenib and RAD001 was undertaken. Methods: Cohorts of 3 or 6 patients with ccRCC and good organ function were treated with a 7 day run-in period of sorafenib 400 mg PO BID continuously followed by RAD001 (dose level I: 2.5 mg; dose level II: 5 mg) PO QD and sorafenib 400 mg PO BID continuously. Pharmacokinetic sampling of sorafenib was obtained on day -1, and of both RAD001 and sorafenib at day 15 of combination therapy. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as occurring within the first 28 days of therapy. Results: Eleven patients (8 male, 3 female; 3 good and 7 intermediate MSKCC risk) with a median age of 64 (range 51–75) were enrolled. One patient was noncompliant with therapy and was not evaluable for response or dose limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation. None of the 6 patients in dose level 1 experienced a DLT. Two of 4 evaluable patients treated at dose level II experienced protocol-defined DLT’s (grade 4 uric acid, and grade 3 lipase with grade 2 pancreatitis). Other grade 3 or greater toxicities over all cycles related to therapy included lymphopenia, syncope, and hypophosphatemia for dose level 1, and hypophosphatemia, diarrhea, edema, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, dental infection, and photosensitivity for dose level 2. Grade 2 rash was observed in 6 patients, and grade 2 hypertension was observed in 4 patients. Independently-reviewed best objective responses in 10 evaluable patients include 3 confirmed partial responses, 2 stable disease (6+ and 9 months), and 5 progressive disease. Steady state dosing of RAD001 demonstrated dose-proportional increases in AUC between dose levels, and no evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between RAD001 and sorafenib. Conclusions: Combination therapy of sorafenib 400 mg BID is safe and feasible in combination with RAD001 2.5 mg daily. Additional patients are being accrued to dose level II to further explore toxicity. No clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interaction was observed. Activity of the combination was observed, and deserves further evaluation in a phase II study. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Novartis
Another Battle Royal—But Elsewhere—Taking Place Between Physicians and Government
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

PHYSICIANS in the United States who have so much in common with their British colleagues might be amazed to realize that an apparent majority of them, and virtually all of organized medicine in the United Kingdom, is united in seeking to preserve socialized medicine—the National Health Service (NHS)—from partial privatization by the Conservative government. Elsewhere in this issue, Michael F. Loudon, BM, BCh, details the situation from the scene. It seems that almost anywhere one looks these days (be it the First, Second, or Third Worlds), there is great unhappiness with the health care delivery system. Many countries are grasping for the right mix of public and private medicine that is personal, caring, and compassionate while being competitive and efficient, engendering respect and trust, encouraging recruitment and professionalism, and distributing the fruits of new knowledge and technology quickly without excess cost, waste, or profiteering. Anthony J. Byrne, a pharmacist and
Diagnostic electromyography
Authors: L. F. Bender
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Electromyography enables the physician to detect and characterize small changes within a patient's neuromyal system. The results of this objective examination can provide useful information about a patient showing any degree of weakness from damage to elements of the motor unit. Sometimes abnormal sensations, such as pain, numbness, or paresthesia, obscure the underlying motor involvement; in these cases, electromyographic studies may clarify the problem. <h3>Indications</h3> Electromyography assists in differentiating lower motor-neuron disease from primary muscle disease; it also facilitates differentiation of any one type of lower motor-neuron disease or any one myopathy from others in the same disease category. The technique is particularly helpful in localizing lower motor-neuron lesions to the distribution of a peripheral nerve, a portion of a peripheral nerve, a plexus in whole or in part, a motor nerve root, or generalized involvement. In many instances the processes of peripheral-nerve degeneration and regeneration can be monitored electromyographically
多基因风险评分和皮肤癌
Authors: M.R. Roberts, M.M. Asgari, A.E. Toland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

黑色素瘤、皮肤鳞状细胞癌 (cSCC) 和基底细胞癌 (BCC) 是白皮肤个体中最常见的皮肤癌类型。发生癌症的风险部分是由于遗传因素, 意味着遗传某些 DNA 变异的个体对癌症的易感性增加。 常使用全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 确定疾病相关变异, 在此研究中评估数以百万计变体对疾病风险的影响。尽管个体变体通常不能预测风险,但将很多变体的影响整合成为一个多基因风险评分 (PRS) 可能有助于确定皮肤癌风险增高的个体。 来自美国麻省总医院和俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员通过搜索两个科学出版物数据库回顾了已发表的皮肤癌风险遗传学研究。 鉴定出了针对皮肤癌的 21 项 GWAS 和 11 项 PRS 研究,这些研究显示与肤色相关的基因影响这 3 种癌症类型,且一些风险变体在这 3 种类型之间重叠。不同 PRS 与大约 2‐3 倍的黑色素瘤、cSCC 和 BCC 发生风险增高相关。 对于黑色素瘤,在 PRS 基础上添加非遗传学风险因素导致风险预测能力改善 2‐7%。对于 cSCC 和 BCC,在将 PRS 与其他非遗传学因素联合使用时,观察到大约 2% 的小幅预测能力改善。 作者们得出结论,尽管现有数据显示 PRS 可能轻微改善准确预测黑色素瘤、cSCC 或 BCC 发生风险的能力,需要其他研究澄清它们在皮肤癌风险评估中的临床用途。
Cystic Brain Tumors and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II study of pembrolizumab-based therapy in previously treated extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas: Results of Part A (pembrolizumab alone).
Authors: Claire Mulvey, Nitya Prabhakar Raj, Jennifer A. Chan, Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Pelin Cinar, Thomas A Hope, Kanti Kolli, Li Zhang, Susan Calabrese, Jennifer Ann Grabowsky, Lila Modarresi, Virginia Kelly, Danielle Stonely, Pamela N. Munster, Diane Lauren Reidy, Lawrence Fong, Emily K. Bergsland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

363 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) efficacy has not been established in extrapulmonary poorly-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (EP-PDNECs). In small cell lung cancer, promising antitumor activity of CPI led to accelerated approval of nivolumab in 8/2018. We investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab (PEM)-based therapy in biomarker-unselected EP-PDNECs. Methods: Open label, multicenter, phase 2 study of PEM-based therapy in patients (pts) with EP-PDNECs, excluding Merkel cell carcinoma and well differentiated grade 3 NET, with progression on first-line systemic therapy, ECOG 0-1, and adequate hepatic and renal function. Enrollment via an adaptive Simon’s 2-stage design. Plan for 14 pts treated with PEM alone (Part A Stage 1) 200 mg IV every 3 weeks. If &gt; 2 of 14 pts respond by week 18, then 21 additional pts enroll in Part A Stage 2, corresponding to H 0 10% vs. H 1 26% response rate (RR) at type I error 0.05 with power 80%. Otherwise study proceeds to Part B: PEM plus chemotherapy (dealer's choice of weekly irinotecan or paclitaxel). Primary endpoint is objective RR (ORR) by RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints include safety, overall survival, and progression-free survival (PFS). Serial blood samples and baseline tumor biopsies required in all pts for future biomarker studies. Results: Preliminary data from Part A Stage 1 are available. Of 14 pts enrolled, male/female 9/5; median age 63; 1 large cell, 11 small cell, 2 NOS. Primary site of disease: GI 43%, GU 29%, and other 29%. Median Ki67 80% (available for 9 pts). Best response: CR (1), PR (0), SD (2), PD (10), unevaluable (1; early death from sepsis) for ORR 7%. Median PFS was 58 days. Six (43%) pts went off study for early PD or clinical deterioration before first scheduled scan at 9 weeks. PEM was well tolerated with no grade 3-5 AEs attributed to therapy. At last follow up, 9 (64%) pts were alive with 1 pt still on treatment after 19 cycles. Conclusions: PEM monotherapy was not effective in this pretreated, biomarker-unselected population of EP-PDNECs arising in different organs. Part B (PEM plus chemotherapy) enrollment is ongoing. Biomarker studies are planned (Parts A/B). Clinical trial information: NCT03136055.
The Role of Genetic Factors in Autoimmune Disease: Implications for Environmental Research
Authors: Glinda S. Cooper, Frederick W. Miller, Janardan P. Pandey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Studies in both humans and in animal models of specific disorders suggest that polymorphisms of multiple genes are involved in conferring either a predisposition to or protection from autoimmune diseases.Genes encoding polymorphic proteins that regulate immune responses or the rates and extent of metabolism of certain chemical structures have been the focus of much of the research regarding genetic susceptibility.We examine the type and strength of evidence concerning genetic factors and disease etiology, drawing examples from a number of autoimmune diseases.Twin studies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type diabetes, and multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate that disease concordance in monozygotic twins is 4 or more times higher than in dizygotic twins.Strong familial associations (odds ratio ranging from 5-10) are seen in studies of MS, type diabetes, Graves disease, discoid lupus, and SLE.Familial association studies have also reported an increased risk of several systemic autoimmune diseases among relatives of patients with a systemic autoimmune disease.This association may reflect a common etiologic pathway with shared genetic or environmental influences among these diseases.Recent genomewide searches in RA, SLE, and MS provide evidence for multiple susceptibility genes involving major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC loci; there is also evidence that many autoimmune diseases share a common set of susceptibility genes.The multifactorial nature of the genetic risk factors and the low penetrance of disease underscore the potential influence of environmental factors and gene-environment interactions on the etiology of autoimmune diseases.
DRUG FIENDS AND JURIES.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BOOK RECEIVED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 48, Issue 5 p. 280-280 BOOK RECEIVED First published: May 1936 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10345.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Nouvelle Pratique Dermatologique. Edited by Darier, Sabouraud, Gougerot, Milian, Pautrier, Ravaut, Sézary, Clémekt Simon. Volume48, Issue5May 1936Pages 280-280 RelatedInformation
Diazepam-induced amnesia for cardioversion
Authors: R. L. Kahler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

DURING the past several years the treatment of various cardiac arrhythmias by synchronized directcurrent countershock (cardioversion) has become well established.<sup>1</sup>Although cardioversion has been performed in patients while they were awake,<sup>2</sup>this method has not become widely accepted because of the discomfort experienced. In most instances, general anesthesia induced by a short-acting barbiturate has been used for the procedure. Since this usually requires the presence of an anesthesiologist, and since respiratory depression requiring assisted respiration may sometimes occur, other means of producing amnesia and analgesia have been sought. In a brief report,<sup>3</sup>Nutter and Massumi described the intravenous use of diazepam (Valium) in 15 patients undergoing cardioversion, and reported that amnesia and analgesia for the procedure occurred in 14 cases. The present report describes the results of this approach in 35 patients. <h3>Procedure</h3> All patients undergoing emergency or elective cardioversion at the Yale-New Haven Hospital between January