tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Regulation of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: Pathways of Endocrine Adaptation from Physiology to Pathology
Authors: D. Glinoer
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1997)

Introduction II.The Regulation of Thyroid Function in Normal Pregnancy A. The thyroid hormone transport proteins B. The thyroid hormones 1.Total thyroid hormones 2. Free thyroid hormones 3. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones C. The serum levels of thyroglobulin (TG) D. The metabolism of iodine E. The hypothalamic-pituitary control of thyroid function and the role of hCG 1. Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPTA) 2. Regulation of serum TSH 3. Thyrotropic action of hCG F. A global view of thyroidal economy in pregnancy III.Pathological Alterations of Thyroidal Regulation Associated with Pregnancy A. IDD 1. Consequences of iodine deficiency during pregnancy 2. Assessment of increased thyroidal stimulation 3. Gestational goitrogenesis and its prevention by iodine supplementation 4. Consequences of iodine deficiency for the offspring B. Hypothyroidism and pregnancy 1. Fertility and pregnancy outcome in hypothyroid women 2. Thyroid hormone replacement in the hypothyroid pregnant woman 3. Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy 4. Euthyroid autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) and pregnancy 5. AITD and the risk of miscarriage C. Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy 1. GD in the pregnant woman 2. GTT 3. Hyperemesis gravidarum and hyperthyroidism IV. Conclusions and
Efficacy and safety of balugrastim compared with pegfilgrastim in patients with breast cancer who are receiving chemotherapy.
Authors: Constantin D. Volovat, Oleg Gladkov, Igor Bondarenko, Steven Barash, Anton Buchner, Noa Avisar, Peter Bias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

9125 Background: Patients receiving cancer chemotherapy are at an increased risk of neutropenia. Recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have been developed to stimulate proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils. Pegfilgrastim is a pegylated recombinant G-CSF that allows for once-per-cycle dosing. Balugrastim is a long-acting G-CSF composed of a genetic fusion between recombinant human serum albumin and G-CSF. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of balugrastim and pegfilgrastim in patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed breast cancer who were scheduled to receive doxorubicin and docetaxel. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, active-comparator, noninferiority trial, patients with ≥1.5x10 9 neutrophils/L, and ≥100x10 9 platelets/L were randomly assigned to subcutaneous injections of balugrastim 40 mg (n=153) or pegfilgrastim 6 mg (n=151) with stratifications for weight, prior chemotherapy exposure, and global location. The primary efficacy endpoint was the duration of severe neutropenia (days with an absolute neutrophil count &lt;0.5x10 9 cells/L) during the cycle 1 for the population of patients who did not have major protocol violations. Results: Mean duration of severe neutropenia in cycle 1 was 1.1 days in the balugrastim group and 1.0 days in the pegfilgrastim group (95% CI for difference between groups -0.13 to 0.37). Fifty-eight percent of patients in the balugrastim group and 59% in the pegfilgrastim group had severe neutropenia during cycle 1 (95% CI for difference between groups -11.98% to 10.41%). Two and 4 patients, respectively, had febrile neutropenia during cycle 1; no patients in either group had febrile neutropenia during cycles 2-4. Twenty percent of patients in the balugrastim group and 19% in the pegfilgrastim group had adverse events that the investigator considered to be related to study medication. Six and 7 patients, respectively, had serious adverse events. Conclusions: The results of this study support the noninferiority of balugrastim versus pegfilgrastim, demonstrating that both compounds have comparable efficacy. There were no unexpected safety events.
Progress Toward Elimination of Neonatal Tetanus—Egypt, 1988-1994
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Neonatal tetanus (NT) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality in many parts of the world and, of vaccine-preventable diseases, is second only to measles worldwide as a cause of childhood mortality (1). In Egypt, although tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination for pregnant women was introduced in 1973, a nationwide survey in 1986 estimated that the NT mortality risk was seven per 1000 live births (2); in 1987, only 9% of pregnant women received at least two doses of TT (TT2+) through the routine vaccination program. Consequently, in 1988, the Ministry of Health initiated an aggressive NT elimination program; this program included 1) annual nationwide TT vaccination campaigns during 1988-1993 targeting pregnant women, and 2) supplementary campaigns during 1992-1994 targeting all women of childbearing age in districts where NT rates were highest. This report describes efforts to eliminate NT in Egypt that resulted in an 85% decline in reported cases during 1988-1994.
Canada.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letters to the editor
Authors: W M Sun, A Bergin, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1991)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic virus is consistently evolving with mutations within the receptor binding domain (RBD)<sup>1</sup> being of particular concern<sup>2-4</sup>. To date, there is little research into protection offered following vaccination or infection against RBD mutants in emerging variants of concern (UK<sup>3</sup>, South African<sup>5</sup>, Mink<sup>6</sup> and Southern California<sup>7</sup>). To investigate this, serum and saliva samples were obtained from groups of vaccinated (Pfizer BNT-162b2<sup>8</sup>), infected and uninfected individuals. Antibody responses among groups, including salivary antibody response and antibody binding to RBD mutant strains were examined. The neutralization capacity of the antibody response against a patient-isolated South African variant was tested by viral neutralization tests and further verified by an ACE2 competition assay. We found that humoral responses in vaccinated individuals showed a robust response after the second dose. Interestingly, IgG antibodies were detected in large titers in the saliva of vaccinated subjects. Antibody responses showed considerable differences in binding to RBD mutants in emerging variants of concern. A substantial reduction in RBD binding and neutralization was detected for the South African variant. Taken together our data reinforces the importance of administering the second dose of Pfizer BNT-162b2 to acquire high levels of neutralizing antibodies. High antibody titers in saliva suggest that vaccinated individuals may have reduced transmission potential. Substantially reduced neutralization for the South African variant highlights importance of surveillance strategies to detect new variants and targeting these in future vaccines.
Adjuvant chemotherapy. Eight years later
Authors: M. E. Costanza
Journal: JAMA (1984)

JUST a little over eight years ago I expressed my concerns<sup>1</sup>about the uncritical and premature acceptance of the results of the then recently published adjuvant study by the National Surgical Breast Project (NSABP).<sup>2</sup>The NSABP report detailed early results of a randomized study of patients who had undergone mastectomy with axillary lymph nodes treated either with phenylalanine or placebo. The publication created tremendous excitement and enthusiasm, both in the medical community and in the press. There were those who believed that the cure of cancer was just around the corner,<sup>3</sup>and others who believed that the whole matter was greatly overexaggerated.<sup>4</sup>Now, eight years later, we have seen innumerable reports of studies utilizing adjuvant chemotherapy, principally in the treatment of stage II breast cancer, but also in other tumors, such as gastric, melanoma, and colon cancer. Several things have become obvious over the intervening years. On
Onychectomy
Authors: Eske Windsberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A good many years ago a method for handling the ingrown toenail was presented to me by Dr. Robert Baldridge, which I have followed with excellent results. The procedure is easy to execute, although the actual originator is unknown to me. A wedge of soft tissue is excised on the side of the toe, parallel to the nail. The wedge includes skin and underlying structures almost down to the bone. The resultant elliptical gap is sutured, and bringing these edges together draws the soft tissue abutting the nail away from it, eliminating the pressure on the nail, and allowing prompt healing. Thus the original area of the lesion, the nail, and the nail bed, are never molested.
Update: Outbreak of Acute Febrile Respiratory Illness Among College Students—Acapulco, Mexico, March 2001
Journal: JAMA (2001)

On March 30, CDC was notified by the Pennsylvania Department of Health of an acute febrile respiratory illness characterized by fever, chills, dry cough, chest pain, and headache among college students who traveled to Acapulco during March 2001. Initial laboratory testing indicated that most students had histoplasmosis, an infection caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. While in Acapulco, most ill students had stayed at the Calinda Beach Hotel. This report updates the investigation of the outbreak and presents possible evidence of ongoing transmissions.
Dissecting Aneurysm in Pregnancy Associated with Aortic Insufficiency: Report of a Case with Successful Surgical Repair
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bulk Producers
Authors: Ernst J. Drenick
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An answer to a query regarding "bulk producers" as anorectic agents (230:901, 1974) unintentionally may have generated the impression that these compounds "work" because, in forming a large colloidal mass in the stomach and "by slowing the course of a meal," a sensation of satiety is produced. I believe that this impression should be corrected for two reasons. First, various bulk producers of the methylcellulose family have no proved anorectic effect. Second, the express statement inThe Journalthat these products are effective plays into the hands of promoters of dubious diet schemes who advertise a wide variety of useless pills containing methylcellulose. In such diet regimens, 0.5- to 1.0-gm methylcellulose tablets are to be swallowed with a glass of water one-half hour before meals. We have put this suggestion to a test in several instances. In one representative subject, the x-ray films (Figure) demonstrate that gastric
Annals of Allergy, St. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asiatic Cholera:
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioral Neurology
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Reading this book one gets the `impression that the authors had started off with a particular goal in mind but that in some way it got away from them! There is no question that a book of this type is badly needed. Certainly, the points made in the introduction, such as the fact that the current division between neurologic and psychiatric practice tends to obscure important aspects of behavioral disorders, and that the emphasis of neurology on the "organic" as opposed to psychiatry's concern with the "functional" are counterproductive and artificial to say the least. However, the book does not seem to have truly succeeded in emphasizing the message that the commonalities between neurology and psychiatry are much greater and much more important than the differences. Since the book was developed from a course given to medical students, it suffers, in my opinion, from not having been "reoriented" to a
Uruguay's Military Physicians
Authors: Maxwell Gregg Bloche
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IN THE Eastern Republic of Uruguay, the terror is over. In March 1985, a junta of generals yielded civil authority to an elected president and his party, ending almost a dozen years of near-total military control over political, social, and cultural life.<sup>1</sup>The apparatus of terror that enforced this control—a system of clandestine detention and torture centers that channeled thousands of political detainees via secret military courts to a network of "national security" prisons<sup>2</sup>—has been dismantled. Yet the still-powerful generals have frustrated civilian inquiry into the inner workings of that apparatus. And one of the most alarming claims about it—that health professionals collaborated systematically in its programs of torture—has remained unexplored. This article reports results from the author's investigation into that charge last December in Uruguay on behalf of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. For the first time, top officials of the Uruguayan armed forces
First report: A retrospective trial for evaluating the safety and efficacy of TAS-102 for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: HGCSG1503
Authors: H. Yoshita, S. Yuki, M. Yagisawa, Y. Tsuji, Y. Kobayashi, K. Hatanaka, H. Okuda, M. Dazai, K. Furukawa, K. Ogawa, S. Minami, A. Ishiguro, T. Honda, T. Ohta, K. Eto, T. Kato, J. Nakajima, T. Sasaki, Y. Sakata, Y. Komatsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Idoxifene Inhibits Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Enhances Reendothelialization, and Inhibits Neointimal Formation In Vivo After Vascular Injury
Authors: Tian-Li Yue, Lynne Vickery-Clark, Calvert S. Louden, Juan-Li Gu, Xin L. Ma, Padma K. Narayanan, Xiang Li, Jun Chen, Barbara Storer, Robert Willette, Kent A. Gossett, Eliot H. Ohlstein
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Idoxifene (ID) is a tissue-selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). The pharmacological profile of ID in animal studies suggests that it behaves like an estrogen receptor (ER) agonist in bone and lipid metabolism while having negligible ER activity on the reproductive system. It is unknown whether ID retains the vascular protective effects of estrogen. Methods and Results —In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), ID inhibited platelet-derived growth factor–induced DNA synthesis and mitogenesis with IC 50 values of 20.4 and 27.5 nmol/L, respectively. Treatment with ID resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrest in serum-stimulated VSMCs. ID 1 to 100 nmol/L significantly protected endothelial cells from tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–induced apoptosis in vitro. Virgin Sprague-Dawley rats ovariectomized 1 week before the study were treated with ID (1 mg · kg − 1 · d − 1 ) or vehicle by gavage for 3 days before balloon denudation in carotid artery. The SMC proliferation in injured vessels was determined by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The number of PCNA-positive SMCs was reduced by 69%, 82%, and 86% in the media at days 1, 3 and 7, respectively, and by 78% in the neointima at day 7 after injury in ID- versus vehicle-treated group ( P &lt;0.01). ID significantly enhanced reendothelialization in the injured carotid arteries as determined by Evans blue stain and immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor. In the former assay, the reendothelialized area in injured vessels was 43% in ID-treated group versus 24% in the vehicle group ( P &lt;0.05); in the latter assay, the numbers of von Willebrand factor–positive cells per cross section increased from 24.8 (vehicle) to 60.5 (ID) ( P &lt;0.01) at day 14 after injury. In addition, the production of nitric oxide from excised carotid arteries was significantly higher in ID-treated than the vehicle group (8.5 versus 2.7 nmol/g, P &lt;0.01). Finally, ID treatment reduced neointimal area and the ratio of intima to media by 45% and 40%, respectively ( P &lt;0.01), at day 14 after balloon angioplasty. Conclusions —The results indicate that ID beneficially modulates the balloon denudation–induced vascular injury response. Inhibition of VSMC proliferation and acceleration of endothelial recovery likely mediate this protective effect of ID.
Genomic Analysis Of Notch Mutations In a Case Of Alagille Syndrome With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Simona Bernardi, Paola Tononi, Sergio Marin Vargas, Giulio Bassi, Achille Ambrosetti, Vittorio Meneghini, Luigi Scaffidi, Giovanni Martinelli, Ilaria Iacobucci, Giovanni Pizzolo, Massimo Delledonne, Mauro Krampera
Journal: Blood (2013)
SIGNIFICANCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN MENTAL DISORDERS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal