tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guiding Principles for Coining US Adopted Names for Drugs
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patch testing with the European baseline series fragrance markers: a 2016 update
Authors: C.Y. Ung, J.M.L. White, I.R. White, P. Banerjee, J.P. McFadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Fragrance contact allergy is a common cause of allergic skin reactions that can cause eczema. Contact allergy can develop by repeated skin exposure to allergens over time. Fragrance contact allergy is diagnosed by patch testing (applying known allergens to the skin to assess for reactions). In the EU, cosmetic products are regulated to limit the exposure to known allergens. Furthermore, there is a requirement to label cosmetic products that contain any of 26 known individual fragrance allergens to help consumers avoid those allergens to which they are allergic. In most dermatology departments in the UK, instead of patch testing to all 26 individual fragrance allergens, fragrance contact allergy is diagnosed by patch testing to 4 screening markers: Fragrance Mix I, Fragrance Mix II, Myroxylon pereirae and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexane carboxaldehyde. In this study, the authors reviewed 2084 records of patients with eczema who underwent patch testing to all the individual fragrance allergens, as well as the screening markers of fragrance allergy, to find out the proportion of actual fragrance contact allergy detected by testing only to the screening markers. They found that patch testing only to the screening markers detected 40.8% of patients with actual fragrance contact allergy (patients who were diagnosed with fragrance allergy when additionally tested with individual fragrance allergens). They also found that the majority of patients with fragrance contact allergy were not aware that they developed skin reactions upon exposure to fragrances. The authors concluded that the current screening markers used are not sufficient for the diagnosis of fragrance contact allergy.
Abstract 1197: Migration Related Differences in Blood Iron Availability Among Resident Compared With Migrant South Asians are Related to Indices of Atherogenesis
Authors: Jeetesh V Patel, Avni Vyas, John K Cruickshank, Ashan Gunarathne, Julia Chackathayil, Deepak Bhatnagar, Michael I Mackness, Gregory Y Lip, Elizabeth A Hughes, Paul N Durrington
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction. The global burden of coronary heart disease is estimated to be the highest on the Indian subcontinent. The pathophysiology of this increased risk is unclear, and its magnitude increases with migration from India to Britain. We sought to measure the impact of migration and nutritional transition on haematological parameters amongst South Asians, and their relation to indices of atherogenesis - oxidised low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and paraoxonase activity (on HDL). Methods. We studied oxidised LDL and the antioxidant enzyme, paraoxonase (PON1), blood count profiles, dietary intake and iron biochemistry in 230 migrant Indian Gujaratis living in Britain, and 305 of their contemporaries (age and gender matched) still living in villages of origin in India. Results. Haemoglobin levels were associated with established CHD risk factors (including blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and 10 yr CHD risk score) irrespective of site and gender (P&lt;0.001), and highest amongst migrants (P&lt;0.001). Amongst women, migration related differences included a greater red blood cell volume in migrants, and was associated with greater levels of oxidised LDL compared to rural contemporaries (P&lt;0.001). Metabolic and dietary indices of iron were associated with levels of haemoglobin and in turn with oxidised LDL (partial correlation coefficient = 0.18, p&lt;0.001) and paraoxonase activity (0.28, p&lt;0.001), adjusting for the effects of gender and site. Conclusion. Levels of haemoglobin are associated with CHD risk factors and direct indices of atherosclerosis in our culturally matched population of rural and migrant Indians. Accelerated erythropoiesis or higher iron levels may underline an increased susceptibility for the oxidative modification of LDL in this ethnic group.
Electrocardiographic Artifacts
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Granted that recognition of electrical artifacts is imperative in the proper management of cardiac arrhythmias, especially in the setting of a coronary care unit. However, in the letter by Rubenfire and Rosenzweig (220:1130, 1972) there should have been no confusion. No self-respecting nurse in the coronary care unit would confuse those<i>irregular</i>waves with flutter waves; eg, in lead II, intervals varying from 0.14 to 0.20 seconds are seen. A look, and not a glance, is all that is required.
Abuse of pentazocine-naloxone combination
Authors: D. A. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The combination of pentazocine hydrochloride and tripelennamine hydrochloride (T's and blues) has been abused as a heroin substitute. In response to this abuse, the formulation of pentazocine has been changed to include naloxone hydrochloride, a short-acting narcotic antagonist, in the tablet (Talwin Nx). Two cases of abuse of the new pentazocine and naloxone formulation along with tripelennamine are reported. Potential reasons for the failure of naloxone to block the effects of pentazocine are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:2562-2564)
Medical etiquette
Authors: R. M. Tenery
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The rules of conduct which have been considered to be in the domain of medical etiquette or manners will also open the way for the mutual understanding, the sharing of knowledge, and the fellowship which are traditional with our profession. The physician who does not enjoy the good will of his colleagues can expect to have a lonesome, unhappy professional life and would do well to inspect his manners. Medical etiquette is almost unknown to many younger physicians because the suggested guidelines for this facet of professional conduct were not labeled as such when the Principles of Medical Ethics was revised in 1957. The Judicial Council has stated that "the 1957 edition of the Principles was not intended to and does not abrogate any ethical principle expressed in the 1955 edition." The 1957 edition of the Principles succinctly expresses the fundamental ethical concepts embodied in the cumbersome earlier document that
Effects of low dose ramipril on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and raised excretion of urinary albumin: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial (the DIABHYCAR study)
Journal: BMJ (2004)

2][13] In particular there is confusion about whether revalidation is intended to detect poor performance, and if so, whether the process will suffice.Formative appraisal and summative revalidation are seen as uneasy bedfellows. 13 14 For most doctors the process will entail participation in an appraisal system, which must be aligned with the headings in Good Medical Practice and quality assured to the satisfaction of the General Medical Council. 15The Council states that such participation will be "a powerful indicator of a doctor's current fitness to practise," 1 but makes no claim that the process will be sensitive (identify poor performance), specific (identify educational needs), valid (reflect actual clinical practice), or reliable (behave consistently across cohorts of doctors). 16Where there is any doubt doctors will be invited to submit more information and may be subjected to the performance procedures.
Septic endocarditis and indwelling pulmonary artery catheters
Authors: J. F. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A pulmonary artery catheter removed from a mar with idiopathic cardiomyopathy yielded<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in culture, as did blood and sputum. Septic endocarditis of the right side of the heart was found at autopsy. A review of 438 autopsy reports in which an indwelling pulmonary catheter had been used and of another 493 reports preceding its use at our medical center suggests no association betweer the use of indwelling catheters in the right side of the heart and endocarditis in the left, although there is a risk of thrombotic endocardial vegetation formation in the right side of the heart, with possible infection or embolizatior (<i>JAMA</i>233:891-892, 1975)
Chemical Modification of DNA with Muta-Carcinogens. I. 3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3 prime ,2 prime -d]imidazole: Metabolic Activation and Structure of the DNA Adducts
Authors: Yuichi Hashimoto, Koichi Shudo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)
Essential role of the cryptic epitope SLAYGLR within osteopontin in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nobuchika Yamamoto, Fumihiko Sakai, Shigeyuki Kon, Junko Morimoto, Chiemi Kimura, Harumi Yamazaki, Ikuko Okazaki, Nobuo Seki, Takashi Fujii, Toshimitsu Uede
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

It has been shown that osteopontin (OPN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the molecular mechanism of OPN action is yet to be elucidated. Splenic monocytes obtained from arthritic mice exhibited a significant capacity for cell migration toward thrombin-cleaved OPN but not toward full-length OPN. Migratory monocytes expressed α9 and α4 integrins. Since cleavage of OPN by thrombin exposes the cryptic epitope recognized by α9 and α4 integrins, we investigated the role of the cryptic epitope SLAYGLR in a murine RA model by using a specific antibody (M5) reacting to SLAYGLR sequence. The M5 antibody could abrogate monocyte migration toward the thrombin-cleaved form of OPN. Importantly, M5 antibody could inhibit the proliferation of synovium, bone erosion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in arthritic joints. Thus, we demonstrated that a cryptic epitope, the SLAYGLR sequence of murine OPN, is critically involved in the pathogenesis of a murine model of RA.
The final epidemic. Prescriptions for prevention
Authors: H. H. Hiatt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

IN FEBRUARY 1980, the US Physicians for Social Responsibility held its first public meeting on the medical consequences of nuclear war. That meeting emphasized the effects on health of a nuclear exchange and the inability of the medical community to respond in any meaningful way. An analogy was drawn to an epidemic orders of magnitude worse than any ever experienced or even imagined. Since treatment for such a catastrophe is inconceivable, speakers on that occasion and subsequently have emphasized that all efforts must be directed at prevention. At the time of that meeting, some political and military figures were talking about surviving—even winning—a nuclear war. Therefore, we physicians considered it our responsibility to describe in stark terms the medical realities, lest strategic planning be based on mistaken assumptions of medical capabilities. We were aware, of course, that prevention of any disease requires an effective prescription. We also recognized that what
International Medical Annual and Practitioner Index.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Statements from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Artificial Respiration
Authors: Hsiang Fang
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration is accepted as the best first-aid for drowning people or in other instances where resuscitation is needed. It is also accepted that its early use is important in these cases. I think it would be worth while to apply mouth-to-mouth respiration in the water, while the rescuer is trying to save a victim who is struggling for air. When the victim breathes "air" he will calm down, will struggle less, and will get less water in the lungs. For my experiment on persons rebreathing air from a bag, I found that most of them can tolerate 3 minutes.
Biochemistry of Human Cancer
Authors: Henry M. Lemon, Burnham S. Walker, M. Moira Davison Reynolds, Herbert H. Wotiz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Beta glucuronidase. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucuronic acid conjugates of both endogenous and exogenous origin. It is present in all tissues of the body in varying concentrations. Proliferating and embryonic tissues are especially rich in the enzyme.135 Considerable increments have also been noted in primary malignant neoplasms, many times greater than those in adjacent non-neoplastic tissue.119,120 Some benign tumors also showed considerably increased activity.121 Although metastases may also exhibit high glucuronidase activity, no correlation has been demonstrable between the presence or absence of metastatic cancer and blood levels of the enzyme.136 , 137 Ovarian activity or estrogen administration markedly . . .
Abstract P149: Associations Between Perinatal Risk Factors and Childhood Cholesterol and Blood Pressure
Authors: Christa Lilly, Amna Umer, Candice Hamilton, Cris Britton, Collin John, William Neal
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: There is growing evidence that early-life risk factors may influence the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in later life. The goal of this study was to examine the associations between numerous early life exposures and subsequent childhood hypertension and dyslipidemia at 11 years of age to identify the modifiable risk factors. Methods: The study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets in West Virginia (N= 22,136). The outcome variables included pre-hypertension/hypertension defined as ≥ 90th percentile for SBP (&gt;124mmHg) or DBP (&gt;80mmHg) and dyslipidemia defined as LDL ≥130mg/dl and HDL &lt;40 mg/dl. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the two outcomes and an extensive list of perinatal predictors, including sex, race, health insurance status, family history of cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, smoking during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, breastfeeding intention at birth, and birth weight of the infant. Results: The results showed that approximately 21% (4482 of 21817) of the children had hypertension and one fourth had dyslipidemia (24.6%, 4481 of 18184) in fifth grade. Increased odds for childhood hypertension was associated with age of the child in fifth grade, male gender, race (other compared to white), family history of cholesterol, and no maternal intention of exclusively breastfeeding their infant. Increased odds for childhood dyslipidemia was associated with family history of cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular disease, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Notably, two modifiable perinatal risk factors stood out: mothers who did not intend to exclusively breastfeed had children who had significantly higher odds of having hypertension in fifth grade (OR: 1.2, 95%CI: 1.1, 1.3) compared to mothers who intended to exclusively breastfeed. Additionally, mothers who smoked during pregnancy had children who had significantly higher odds of having dyslipidemia in fifth grade compared to mothers who did not smoke (OR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 1.4). Conclusion: Surprisingly few perinatal factors were associated with childhood hypertension and dyslipidemia. The perinatal modifiable factors for hypertension and dyslipidemia included intent to breastfeed and maternal smoking during pregnancy; thus, smoking cessation and exclusive breastfeeding should be encouraged.
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Robert G. Weaver, Marcello Tonelli, Edmund J. Lamb, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

We thank Jehn et al. [1][1] for their interest in our paper[2][2] and their application of our equations to kidney transplant recipients and living donors. Kidney transplant recipients were excluded from our data, and it is plausible that our equations might not be applicable to such patients who,
Polymorphism in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Mannosidase I (MAN1B1) Gene Is Not Associated with Liver Disease in Individuals Homozygous for the Z Variant of the Alpha1-Antitrypsin Protease Inhibitor (PiZZ Individuals)†
Authors: Shujuan Pan, Richard N. Sifers
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We would like to thank Chappel et al. for their genuine interest in our published study. While it is unfortunate that their experimental design failed to confirm our results, several differences between the two studies should be considered as well as an apparent misunderstanding about our central conclusion. It was never our intention to suggest that a polymorphism in the endoplasmic reticulum mannosidase I gene plays a role in the development of liver disease that sometimes occurs in PiZZ patients (individuals who are homozygous for the Z variant of alpha1-antitrypsin protease inhibitor). Rather, our conclusion was that the nucleotide polymorphism functions as a modifier of the disorder by accelerating the onset of the end-stage liver disease, the latter of which is caused by an unknown primary defect.1 In terms of the comparative statistical analyses, unfortunately no consistent definition exists between their designation of "severe liver disease" and our terminology of "end-stage liver disease." Also, both the age range and median age at the time of liver transplantation seem to indicate that severity of liver disease among members of their study population is less dramatic than the patients examined in our study set. As they note, differences in selection criteria and transplant delivery rates between clinics could impact the members of each study population, making an accurate comparison between the two data sets difficult. Chappel et al. correctly point out, as we also noted in our publication,1 that our sample size was necessarily small, rendering the legitimacy of statistical analysis somewhat uncertain. Unfortunately, the population studied by Chappel et al. was of a similar size, which likewise questions the validity of their conclusion. Finally, it is noteworthy that our cognizance of statistical limitations led to the inclusion in our publication1 of complementary functional studies, which are widely perceived as the "gold standard" for candidate single-nucleotide polymorphism validation. Importantly, these results strengthened our conclusion by providing a mechanistic explanation for a key observation that had been made by the members of Dr. David Perlmutter's group.2 The inclusion of functional studies in combination with the enhanced mechanistic insight led to the recent inclusion of our publication in the Editors' Choice column of the journal Science.3 Shujuan Pan*, Richard N. Sifers*, * Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1963)

Of the 139 patients, 93 were males and only 31 were over the age of 19 years.A seasonal variation in the incidence of the disease was demonstrated, more cases than the average occurring in December and January and fewer in July and August.A history of acute rheumatism in relatives was obtained in eleven cases, and 54 of the patients had had a previous attack.The routine treatment was with complete bed rest and sali- cylates in a dosage sufficient to maintain a serum level of about 35 mg. per 100 ml.In addition, 115 patients received penicillin prophylactically.Clinical signs of carditis (a significant murmur, a change in heart size, or evidence of pericarditis) were present in only 25 cases, but electrocardiographic (ECG) changes compatible with rheumatic carditis were present in a further 56; 23 patients already had established rheumatic heart disease and fourteen were thought to have fresh cardiac involvement, four because of a change in murmurs and ten because of ECG changes.In all but two cases, in which corticosteroid therapy was necessary, the symptoms rapidly disappeared, and there were no fatalities.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate became normal within 8 weeks in 124 cases, and the electrocardiogram became normal within 4 weeks in 48 (66 per cent.) of the cases in which it had been abnormal.The disease in this series did not differ significantly in severity or duration from that seen in children during the same period.The authors suggest that a fairly mild form of rheumatic fever is being seen nowadays, but they stress the continued high incidence of cardiac involve- ment.[The significance of the heart damage in this series is difficult to assess from the details given.]