tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor ?1-induced cell death in preneoplastic foci of rat liver and sensitization by the antiestrogen tamoxifen
Authors: L Mullauer, B Grasl-Kraupp, W Bursch, R Schulte-Hermann
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Previous studies have shown 5- to 10-fold higher rates of apoptosis in prestages of liver cancer (putative preneoplastic cell foci [PPF]) than in unaltered liver; fasting or withdrawal of tumor promoters enhanced apoptosis even further. We studied whether transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1 ), an inducer of apoptosis in normal liver, might be involved in induction of apoptosis in PPF. PPF were produced in 7-week- old female Sprague-Dawley rats with a single oral dose of the genotoxic carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At 24 weeks of age, TGF-β 1 was injected into animals (40 micro g/kg intravenously) either once and they were killed 4 hours later (single-dose experiment) or eight times at 24-hour intervals and they were killed 24 hours after the last administration (multiple-dose experiment). Further subgroups received daily subcutaneous injections of tamoxifen (TAM) (8 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive weeks before TGF-β 1 treatment. In normal liver, the apoptosis incidence was low in solvent- and TAM-only-treated animals, in the single- as well as the multiple-dose experiment. TGF-β 1 , increased the apoptosis incidence severalfold, and the combined administration of TGF-β 1 with TAM caused a further strong increase. The already-elevated basal apoptotic incidence in PPF was further increased by TGF-β 1 , and particularly by TGF-β 1 plus TAM treatments, which resulted in a reduction of foci number and size. In summary, these results show that TGF-β 1 can induce apoptosis in PPF. This apoptosis-inducing activity is strongly enhanced by the additional treatment with the antiestrogen TAM, which by itself does not have any cell death-inducing effect in the liver or PPF. The elevated apoptotic activity of PPF in response to TGF-β 1 can lead to a selective reduction of the liver load with preneoplastic cells.
The Sphygmometer: Its Value in Practical Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgical Memoranda
Journal: BMJ (1878)

formation, I will also append the latest analysis of the Bath Mineral Waters by Captain Heriot, Royal Marines.(Table Im.)In concluding the foregoing remarks and observations, I may be pardoned if I repeat that which I have already wished to convey to my readers, namely, that it is with no intention of dictating to them, least of all with any assumption of superior knowledge.I have ven- tured to say that which many others would have said much better had they the same opportunity or desire to do so, but "Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum", which in the present instance, if freely translated, means, "It is not every professional brother who visits Bath"; though I trust that by the end of this year the number of non- visitants in the profession will be but very small indeed.To those of my readers who are already well acquainted with the uses as well as the abuses of the Bath Mineral Waters, I will address the following quotation, with which I will now conclude." Si quid novisti rectius istis,
Correction: A new synthetic antimycotic
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Low-dose ContraceptivesThe Committee on Safety of Drugs has advised all doctors (see p. 744) that in women taking oral contraceptives the risk of thromboembolic side-effects is lower among those taking preparations which contain not more than 50 jig.oestrogen than among those on higher dosage.There is no evidence that such combined preparations are less effective as contraceptives.[Note.-Among combined preparations which are " low dose " are Anovlar 21, Gynovlar 21, Minovlar and Minovlar ED, Norinyl-l, Norlestrin 21, Orlest 28, and Volidan and Volidan 21.Sequential prep- arations marketed in Britain have a dose higher than 50 ug. of oestrogen.Preparations without any oestrogen are not such effective contraceptives as combined preparations.]
Effects of the Workplace on Fertility and Related Reproductive Outcomes
Authors: Boguslaw Baranski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

This report reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of occupational factors on fertility and related reproductive outcomes.Few studies fulfill the criteria of good study design because of small sample size, insensitive measures of effect, selection, recall, and observation bias, weak if any control of confounding factors, bad definition of exposure, inability to analyze a dose-response relationship, and inadequate statistical analysis.The high prevalence of unsuccessful reproductive outcomes in the general population makes the design of human fertility studies difficult.Although a number of publications indicate that certain occupational factors and settings adversely affect both male and female fertility, it is virtually impossible to estimate the proportion of infertility due to occupational factors in the general population.The collected data suggest that the exposure to the following substances or occupational settings may affect a function of male genital system, leading to sperm abnormalities, hyperestrogenism, impotence, infertility, and/or increased spontaneous abortion rate in wives of exposed workers: alkylmercury, antimonide, anesthetic gases, boron, carbon disulfide, chlorodecone, chloroprene, some carbamates (carbaryl), diaminostilbene, 1,2-dibromo-3chloropropane, ethylene glycol ethers, ethylene dibromide, inorganic lead, manganese, methyl chloride, organic solvents, synthetic estrogens and progestins, tetraethyllead, combined exposure to styrene and acetone, welding operations, and heat.The majority of reviewed papers on female fertility concerns the alterations of menstrual cycle and pregnancy complications rather than occupational exposure-induced female infertility.The literature supports the hypothesis that, in general, working women have a tendency of higher risk of unsuccessful reproductive outcomes, although the existing data are not sufficient.
Medical Education, Registration and hospital Service
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metastatic melanoma in the breast masquerading as fibroadenoma
Authors: P. R. Jochimsen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

OCCASIONALLY the radiologic appearance of a common benign lesion is indistinguishable from a metastatic tumor within the same organ. A case in point is malignant melanoma, metastatic to the breast, which may be identical in appearance to a benign fibroadenoma of the breast. The two following cases demonstrate the impossibility of differentiating these lesions using only physical examination and xerographic confirmation. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 27-year-old woman went to her local physician complaining of a tender lump in the right axilla. After examination, which showed only an axillary mass and two discrete, freely movable "adenomas of the breast," she was referred to a surgeon who felt she probably had a lymphoma. The patient underwent lymph node biopsy of the solitary axillary lymph node, which measured 2×2 cm. The pathologic diagnosis was anaplastic adenocarcinoma, metastatic to the axillary node. The patient was referred to University of Iowa Hospitals and
The Heart
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Fifteenth in a series initiated in 1959 by the International Academy of Pathology,<i>The Heart</i>is a collection of monographs, described in its foreword as "a compilation of expanded lectures and illustrative material born of the Academy's Annual Long Course." A title more accurately proclaiming its contents might be something like "Selected Topics in Cardiac Pathology." This would, in fact, cover all but chapter 3, Ronan's concise and well-written "Hemodynamics of the Central Circulation," the only purely functional (and nonpathologic) monograph. The remaining 16 chapters are outstanding discussions of what might be termed "dynamic pathology" by top-level authorities holding teaching appointments in pathology, in pediatrics, or in both. The consistent high quality maintained throughout the book will be apparent to anyone familiar with modern cardiovascular pathology and the distinguished editors. The subjects presented hardly cover an exhaustive range of cardiac pathologic and pathophysiologic derangement, but they do deal in considerable
TCT-420 Safety and Performance of the Next Generation EnligHTN Renal Denervation System in Patients with Drug-resistant Hypertension: 12-Month Results From a First-in-Human Multicenter Study
Authors: Stephen G. Worthley, Mark W. Webster, Joseph Montarello, Paul Antonis, Robert J. Whitbourn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical Value of Iodine-123-Alpha-Methyl-L-Tyrosine Single-Photon Emission Tomography in the Differential Diagnosis of Recurrent Brain Tumor in Patients Pretreated for Glioma at Follow-Up
Authors: S. Samnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical potential of iodine-123-alpha-methyl-l-tyrosine (IMT) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) in the differential diagnosis of recurrences in patients pretreated for gliomas at follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight patients were examined after primary therapy over 36 months. Histopathologic diagnoses of all patients was known at first treatment; magnetic resonance and/or computed tomography examination was performed in addition to IMT-SPET. Cerebral SPET images were acquired 20 minutes after intravenous application of 190 ± 10 MBq of IMT. SPET images were classified as positive or negative for recurrent tumor visually and by calculating the ratios between tracer accumulation in the lesion and the unaffected contralateral regions of reference using region of interest. Final diagnoses were based on prospective clinicopathologic findings obtained independently of IMT-SPET. RESULTS: IMT-SPET detected all high-grade recurrent gliomas (grade 4; sensitivity, 100%). A difference could be demonstrated in grade 2 and 3 recurrences (sensitivity, 84% and 92%, respectively). Moreover, benign posttherapeutic lesions (postoperative scars, radiation necrosis) were correctly diagnosed as negative for tumor recurrence. In general, IMT uptake in grade 2 (1.45 ± 0.24) was significantly lower than that in grades 3 (1.70 ± 0.41) and 4 (1.88 ± 0.32). However, it was difficult to evaluate tumor grade only from the IMT accumulation in individual cases. CONCLUSION: IMT-SPET seems highly useful for detecting and delineating recurrent gliomas and differentiating between benign posttherapeutic lesions and malignant tumor tissue. It may be a valuable clinical tool to diagnose recurrences in patients pretreated for gliomas at follow-up. However, it showed limitations in determining histologic tumor grade.
THE INCREASING STERILITY OF AMERICAN WOMEN.
Authors: GEORGE J. ENGELMANN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In my recent paper on<i>Sterility</i><sup>1</sup>I have introduced the subject of<i>divorce</i>as one of the factors correlated with sterility and parallel with it in a general way. In reviewing the article at my leisure I find some very palpable statistical errors in my discussion of this subject. and whilst the result remains the same and the subject is in itself of no especial interest to the profession, these errors must be promptly remedied lest they lead to farther mistakes and entanglements. Divorce records are believed by statisticians to fall far short of scientific accuracy, and in collating these uncertain data I have repeatedly placed incompatible figures side by side (Table 4 of this paper) comparing the ratio of<i>"divorces to marriages" with that of "divorced to the married;"</i>the relative proportion in the different states and countries is practically the same, but this is incidental and the
Gastric Candidiasis
Authors: P. Cech
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Candida are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract. Among healthy adults, 30% have<i>Candida</i>in the oral pharynx and 65% in the feces. However, intestinal infections are rare, and gastric infections are even more exceptional. These are related to the alteration in the ratio of bacterial to fungal flora, the increase of glucose concentration in the tissues, and the host's defense mechanisms. The human organism consists essentially of three defense systems against fungi. The first is the natural skin and mucosal barrier. The second is the T-cell-dependent system, and the third is due to antibody-complement-mediated phagocytosis by circulating and fixed phagocytes. Piken et al (240:2181, 1978) described the first reported case of gastric candidosis in a stitch ulcer. The authors presumed that local irritation by the suture material and a low acid output were predisposing causes. A second similar case was reported later (241:791, 1979). Removal of the
With Feathers
Authors: Dianne L. Silvestri
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
MISCHIEF-MAKING JOURNALISM.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OUR VANISHING SHORE-BIRDS
Authors: Henry Henshaw, W Mcatee
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pediatrics, Springfield, Illinois
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

In the United States, cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden and risk factors (RFs) at the state level have not been consistently assessed.The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Collaboration evaluated trends in RFs and lost health due to CVD.From 1990 to 2016, agestandardized CVD disability-adjusted life-years for all states decreased but the rate of decline varied widely, and CVD burden increased for several states in recent years.Prominent RFs driving these trends were dietary risk, hypertension, overweight/obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, tobacco, and low physical activity levels, with probable unmeasured risk beyond these traditional factors.In an Editorial, Rosamond notes the importance of these benchmarks of persisting disparities in CVD burden, largely attributable to modifiable RFs.
<i>PIK3CA</i> Mutation Predicts Resistance to Breast Cancer Therapy
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Women with HER2-postive, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and one or more mutations in PIK3CA were less likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapies than those without a mutation, according to study results presented on December 12 at the 2013 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium in Texas.
Ethical Implications of Rejecting Patients for Clinical Trials-Reply
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I hope and believe that the woolly-mindedness of which Dr Bone accuses me applies to my inability to communicate an idea rather than to any corruption of the scientific process, which would be just the opposite of what I am trying to accomplish. Let me try again to make myself clear. The main point of my editorial was to emphasize the apparent existence of an ethical double standard, illustrated by the actions of the authors of the article in question and by the Food and Drug Administration. If it was considered unethical randomly to assign patients to a control group because of a prior belief about the efficacy of the proposed therapy, why was it not equally unethical to exclude available patients from an uncontrolled trial because their inclusion might make it more difficult to demonstrate efficacy? I carried that idea further by admitting that the same principle
Sampling of exhaled nitric oxide in children: end-expiratory plateau, balloon and tidal breathing methods compared
Authors: Q. Jöbsis, S.L. Schellekens, A. Kroesbergen, W.C.J. Hop, J.C. de Jongste
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Nitrogen dioxide is known as a deep lung irritant. The aim of this study was to find out whether the relatively low ambient air NO2 concentrations in the northern city of Helsinki had an impact on the respiratory health of children. The association between personal exposure to ambient air NO2 and respiratory health was investigated in a 13-week follow-up study among 163 preschool children aged 3-6 yrs. Personal weekly average exposure to NO2 was measured by passive diffusion samplers attached to the outer garments. Symptoms were recorded daily in a diary by the parents. Among 53 children, peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured at home in the mornings and evenings. The association between NO2 exposure and respiratory symptoms was examined with Poisson regression. The median personal NO2 exposure was 21.1 microg x m(-3) (range 4-99 microg x m(-3)). An increased risk of cough was associated with increasing NO2 exposure (risk ratio = 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.31). There was no such association between personal weekly NO2 exposure and nasal symptoms, but a nonsignificant negative association was found between the exposure and the weekly average deviation in PEF. In conclusion, even low ambient air NO2 concentrations can increase the risk of respiratory symptoms among preschool children.