tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurologic Function among Termiticide Applicators Exposed to Chlorpyrifos
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Robert B. Dick, Ronald J. Howell, David W. Chrislip, Cynthia J. Hines, Thomas M. Reid, Everett Lehman, Patty Laber, Edward F. Krieg, Charles Knott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Chlorpyrifos is a moderately toxic organophosphate pesticide. Houses and lawns in the United States receive a total of approximately 20 million annual chlorpyrifos treatments, and 82% of U.S. adults have detectable levels of a chlorpyrifos metabolite (3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCP) in the urine. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that there are 5,000 yearly reported cases of accidental chlorpyrifos poisoning, and approximately one-fourth of these cases exhibit symptoms. Organophosphates affect the nervous system, but there are few epidemiologic data on chlorpyrifos neurotoxicity. We studied neurologic function in 191 current and former termiticide applicators who had an average of 2.4 years applying chlorpyrifos and 2.5 years applying other pesticides, and we compared them to 189 nonexposed controls. The average urinary TCP level for 65 recently exposed applicators was 629.5 microg/L, as compared to 4.5 microg/L for the general U.S. population. The exposed group did not differ significantly from the nonexposed group for any test in the clinical examination. Few significant differences were found in nerve conduction velocity, arm/hand tremor, vibrotactile sensitivity, vision, smell, visual/motor skills, or neurobehavioral skills. The exposed group did not perform as well as the nonexposed group in pegboard turning tests and some postural sway tests. The exposed subjects also reported significantly more symptoms, including memory problems, emotional states, fatigue, and loss of muscle strength; our more quantitative tests may not have been adequate to detect these symptoms. Eight men who reported past chlorpyrifos poisoning had a pattern of low performance on a number of tests, which is consistent with prior reports of chronic effects of organophosphate poisoning. Overall, the lack of exposure effects on the clinical examination was reassuring. The findings for self-reported symptoms raise some concern, as does the finding of low performance for those reporting prior poisoning. Although this was a relatively large study based on a well-defined target population, the workers we studied may not be representative of all exposed workers, and caution should be exercised in generalizing our results.
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol. 66, No. 18
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In the report "State HCV Incidence and Policies Related to HCV Preventive and Treatment Services for Persons Who Inject Drugs - United States, 2015-2016," on page 466, the second sentence of the second paragraph should have read "HCV incidence rates increased by 167% nationally from 0.3 cases per 100,000 U.S. population in 2010 to 0.8 in 2015 (4)."
Role of the Heart in the Pathogenesis of Renal Hypertension
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial Board
Authors: Donald Leung, Stanley Szefler, Colo Associate, Cezmi Akdis, Davos Switzerland, Andrea Apter, Pedro Philadelphia, Chicago Avila, Bruce Bochner, Joshua Boyce, Robert Bush, Fred Finkelman, Cincinnati Ohio, Dennis Ledford, Tampa Fla, Deborah Meyers, Luigi Notarangelo, David Peden, Chapel Hill, Marc Rothenberg, William Shearer, Scott Sicherer, New York, Donata Vercelli, Erika Von Mutius, Germany Munich, Vernon Statistics Editor, Hershey Chinchilli, John Atkinson, St Louis, A Burks, Mitchell Grayson, Milwaukee Wis, Simon Hogan, Hirohisa Saito, Talal Chatila, Los Angeles, Elizabeth Matsui, Thomas Platts-Mills, Gordon Bloomberg, Larry Borish, Angela Haczku, Jordan Orange, Darryl Zeldin, Leonard Bacharier, Sten Dreborg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
探索在亚洲人肢端黑色素瘤中发现了哪些基因变异
Authors: Y.‐S. Sheen, K.‐T. Tan, K.‐P. Tse, Y.‐H. Liao, M.‐H. Lin, J.‐S. Chen, J.‐Y. Liau, Y.‐J. Tseng, C.‐H. Lee, C.‐H. Hong, J.‐B. Liao, H.‐T. Chang, C.‐Y. Chu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

黑色素瘤是一种危及生命的皮肤癌。2015 年,全世界约 351,800 人患有该疾病。肢端黑色素瘤发生于无毛肢端皮肤(手掌、脚底和甲床),而且与紫外线辐射(如阳光)无关,这与其他黑色素瘤类型(非肢端黑色素瘤)不同。 这项研究由中国台湾的研究人员完成,旨在查明亚洲人某些基因中的哪些突变(异常)导致肢端黑色素瘤和非肢端黑色素瘤。这称为“基因组分析”,其让科学家了解与个人或细胞类型相关的遗传信息以及基因相互作用的方式。这种分析可使用一种称为下一代测序的基因检测进行。 作者在 66 例黑色素瘤中对 409 个癌症相关的基因进行了全面基因组测序(包括 45 例肢端黑色素瘤和 21 例非肢端黑色素瘤)。 作者发现,非肢端黑色素瘤显示 BRAF 突变频率显著高于肢端黑色素瘤。同时,其他改变的频率(NRAS/KRAS 突变、细胞周期畸变、抗细胞凋亡通路改变和受体酪氨酸激酶基因增益)在肢端黑色素瘤中显著更高。 研究发现在肢端黑色素瘤和具有细胞周期畸变和受体酪氨酸激酶基因增益的非肢端黑色素瘤中,溃疡(黑色素瘤表面皮肤损坏)的发生率显著更高。值得注意的是,在所有 66 例黑色素瘤患者中,细胞周期畸变和抗细胞凋亡通路改变均与更低的生存率相关,尤其是 45 例肢端黑色素瘤患者。 本研究加强了我们对亚洲人肢端和非肢端黑色素瘤基因突变模式和影响的了解。研究表明,除了称为免疫疗法的治疗外,肢端黑色素瘤患者可能受益于 NRAS/KRAS 突变、细胞周期畸变、受体酪氨酸激酶基因增益和抗细胞凋亡通路靶向治疗,这种可能性在未来需要研究。 本摘要涉及研究:在台湾原发性黑色素瘤中的基因变异。
Error in the Figure
Authors: Daniel Spratt, Samir Hanash, Ziding Feng, Ayumu Taguchi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Sarah S. Jackson, PhD; Ruth M. Pfeiffer, PhD; Zhiwei Liu, PhD; Lesley A. Anderson, PhD; Huei-Ting Tsai, PhD; Shahinaz M. Gadalla, MD, PhD; Jill Koshiol, PhD
IS LEFTHANDEDNESS A SIGN OF INFERIORITY?
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antivivisection Rides Again
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Noneosinophilic asthma
Authors: S. Mukherjee, S. Baksi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

between the alveoli and the mouth.Therefore, in EBC samples, not only volatiles, but also several other mediators with no volatile characteristics can be found and have been reported, including adenosine, different interleukins (-4, -5, -8), interferon-c, etc. [3-5].Regarding markers of lipid peroxidation, EBC contains isoprostanes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [2].The authors are right in saying that there are methodological limitations to this type of sampling.However, this is mainly due to the limited understanding of solute formation and dilution of samples, and the accuracy of some of the currently available methods for measuring mediators in EBC.I agree that ambient air may influence the levels of exhaled biomarkers in EBC and this is shown for hydrogen peroxide [6].Volatility may be a problem when measuring mediators from EBC, not because the sampling relies on this characteristic, but because if a molecule is volatile it is very hard to figure out the result of its equilibration between the gas and the fluid phase while breath condensation is ongoing.A good example is the ammonia measurement [7,8].Despite the misinterpretation of exhaled breath condensate, I believe that this review is a valuable source of knowledge and references on lipid peroxidation, with detailed information on the limitations and advantages of the current measuring methods.
Five Years' Experience with Diuretic Agents
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Goulstonian Lectures on Pharmacology and its Relation to Therapeutics
Authors: T. L. Brunton
Journal: BMJ (1877)

are thus produced?However, these questions I leave to you, who are so much more capable of answering these questions.I am afraid you may think that I have occupied too much time on these subjects; but so much of every-day practice is made up of attend- ing to affections of this kind, such a large amount of distress is depend- ent on them, that this must be my apology.
Abstract 3470: Deletion of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α (GKS-3α) Causes a Glycogen Storage Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jibin Zhou, Risto Kerkela, David Harris, Katrina MacAulay, Lisa Kocheritz, Bradley W Doble, Timothy Schneider, Kathleen Woulfe, Erhe Gao, Yonghong Lei, James R Woodgett, Gordon S Huggins, Thomas L Force
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: GSK-3 and its targets play critical roles in a wide array of processes including development and cancer. In mammalian cells there are two isoforms, α and β. GSK-3β is purported to be a negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, but this is based solely on over-expression approaches, and virtually nothing is known of the functions of GSK-3α. Methods: We generated mice deleted for GSK-3α. Heart development, as well as postnatal cardiac growth, glycogen metabolism, morphology, physiology, and ECG conduction invervals were examined. Age-matched wild type (WT) mice served as controls. Results: Heart development was normal, consistent with full compensation by GSK-3β for loss of GSK-3α during development. However, echocardiographic LV mass (in mg) was significantly increased in the KO compared to WT: 187.95 ± 35.05 vs 143.52 ± 23.94*. Heart weight (HW, mg) and HW/body weight ratio were also significantly increased in the KO: 186.73 ± 15.3* and 4.96 ± 0.38* for KO (n = 19); 146.33 ± 14.92 and 4.12 ± 0.27 for WT (n = 10). Thus deletion of GSK-3α leads to significant cardiac hypertrophy with aging. The underlying mechanism appears to be marked glycogen deposition seen with both Periodic acid-Schiff staining and transmission electron microscopy. Although LV function as assessed by echocardiography was normal at 4 months of age, invasive hemodynamic evaluation demonstrated a depressed response to isoproterenol infusion. ECG revealed a significantly shortened PR interval without pre-excitation. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time a striking isoform-specific role for GSK-3α in the heart, and that role is as a critical regulator of glycogen metabolism. Deletion of GSK-3α leads to a glycogen storage cardiomyopathy, sharing some features with that seen with mutations in AMP-activated protein kinase. These data suggest the possibility that mutations in, or alterations in activity of, GSK-3α could account for some cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (*, P &lt; 0.01, KO vs. WT)
EPITHELIOMA AS A SEQUEL OF PSORIASIS, AND THE PROBABILITY OF ITS ARSENICAL ORIGIN.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heilbrigdisskyrslur (Public Health in Iceland), 1921-1925. Samdar eftir skyrslum hjeradslækna ad tilhlutun heilbrigdisstjórnarinnar.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measles vaccination in infants
Authors: P. H. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> On May 15, 1981, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported an outbreak of measles among the children of migrant farm workers in Texas. Among these were 42 infants younger than 15 months. The CDC and the Office of Migrant Health recommended that "infants ages 6 months through 14 months be vaccinated."<sup>1</sup> In June of this year a message was sent by the CDC to migrant health clinics throughout the country: "Infants, six to 11 months of age, up to first birthday, should receive one dose of single antigen measles vaccine. These infants must be revaccinated at 15 months with trivalent measles, mumps, [and] rubella vaccine to assure continued protection, since some children vaccinated prior to their first birthday will not be effectively immunized." This was a poor recommendation for nationwide distribution. Any physician participating in immunization programs should be aware that immunization against measles at
Imatinib with cisplatin in recurrent and/or metastatic salivary adenoidcystic carcinoma – response assessed by FDG-PET scanning
Authors: N. J. Slevin, K. L. Mais, I. Bruce, T. Ward, B. Carrington, P. Hulse, S. Banerjee, P. Julyan, A. Sykes, J. Homer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5604 Background: Adenoidcystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands is characterised by slow growth, systemic metastases and poor response to conventional chemotherapy. 80 – 90% of ACC demonstrate c-kit positivity such that treatment with imatinib is conceptually attractive. Patient experience reported on the ACC website suggests that imatinib may stabilise disease. 3-dimensional synergy analysis has been performed at this centre for both ACC primary cultures and squamous carcinoma cell lines. Mild synergy between cisplatin and imatinib was found in 2 of 3 cell lines as well as in ACC culture. Consequently we chose imatinib with cisplatin for phase II study in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic ACC. Methods: 14 patients (aged 29 - 77) with ACC have entered the study. Imatinib was used alone in an initial dose of 800mg daily for 2 months with response assessed using both FDG-PET and conventional imaging. Patients then received the combination of daily imatinib (in a reduced dose) with cisplatin 80mg/m2 at monthly intervals. Depending on responses and toxicity, patients then continued on maintenance imatinib. Results: Of 12 evaluable patients, 2 developed progressive disease on imatinib alone and left the study. 5 of 10 receiving the combination of imatinib and cisplatin have shown reductions in tumour size with 1 of these 5 constituting a partial response. The remaining 5 patients have stable disease, albeit with short follow-up. FDG-PET was useful in assessing response and discriminating between imatinib and cisplatin in terms of their relative contribution to clinical outcome. Toxicity from the imatinib-cisplatin combination (median 5 cycles) included one grade 4 thrombocytopenia, one grade 3 anaemia and three grade 3 neutropenia. Non-haematological toxicities included one grade 3 hyponatremia, two grade 3 fatigue and one grade 3 oedema. Conclusions: The combination of imatinib (400mg daily) and cisplatin (80mg/m2) shows useful activity in ACC, Because of slow growth and response characteristics as well as a tendency to cystic degeneration as a response within ‘stable’ disease, FDG-PET is helpful in assessing response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The American Year Book of Anesthesia and Analgesia.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dispersal of Bacteria on Desquamated Skin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal