tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Art, Anatomy, Learning, and Living
Authors: S. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (2002)

played by Cary Grant, is followed everywhere by a large, silent man.The man is with him as he addresses an anatomy class, as he conducts the student orchestra, as he stands over a patient in the operating room.The man speaks only at rare moments, each crucial, coming to Noah's aid as the voice of wisdom, of conscience, or of the past.When Noah is finally challenged by a university tribunal to defend his relationship with the odd man he calls "my friend," the story comes out: the man is a convicted murderer, executed by hanging and sent 20 years earlier to Noah, a medical student who needed "a cadaver of my own."The "cadaver" awakened as soon as Noah stuck a gloved finger in his mouth, and has never since left his side.Early experiences in the anatomy laboratory underpin later practice in ways that are not easy to articulate.The knowledge gained there guides diagnosis, allows us to link phenomena that seem on the body's surface to be unrelated, and gives us fluency in a discourse that lets us to describe what is happening to our patients.Visualizing the structures hidden beneath the skin allows us to identify conditions otherwise beyond our grasp.Although the overwhelming bulk of the knowledge we use to care for patients is learned outside the lab, and the centrality of the experience wanes even by the end of first year, what we learn in anatomy lab is somehow, quietly, always there.In this issue of MSJAMA, literature professor John Bender recounts his season as an outsider in the lab and describes how the process serves as a ritual entry into the medical profession.Beyond the technical knowledge it affords, anatomy lab links us to the past and begins our socialization to future practice.We dissect knowing that we are making the same cuts and seeking the same structures as physicians centuries earlier.But today, we pride ourselves on taking more from the experience, on engaging with the gift that is the donation.Samantha Stewart and Rita Charon describe anatomy study as an initial confrontation with life and death that will follow us throughout our careers, and discuss a way these early lessons might be retrieved.S. Ryan Gregory and Thomas Cole describe the history of dissection across centuries, while Aaron Tward and Hugh Patterson account for the shift from grave robbing to cadaver donation in the United States.Finally, to launch our new creative writing section murmur, Matthew Ehrlich evaluates his cadaver's chief complaint.The first body in our care has neither the needs nor the agency of a patient, and yet for many of us, it is the body we will envision as we examine the intact surface of each patient who comes to us.Whether it is our initiation into "the professional tribe of physicians" (Bender), "the scientific method" (Gregory and Cole), or "the use of affective responses" (Stewart and Charon), anatomy lab is as much a part of how we see as what we know."The trouble with you, Elwell," Noah's ally says to his accuser at the end, "is you've never had a cadaver of your own."
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2019)

Dentist-Prescribed Opioids and Subsequent Abuse 145Schroeder and colleagues completed this cohort study to examine whether opioid prescriptions provided by dental clinicians for pain management of third molar extractions to opioid-naive US adolescents and young adults was associated with subsequent opioid use and abuse.Patients aged 16 to 25 years were identified using the Optum Research Database and received an outpatient opioid prescription after extraction.Measured outcomes included at least 1 additional filled opioid prescription, at least 1 subsequent health care encounter with a diagnosis of opioid abuse, and death.Results demonstrated that a substantial proportion of adolescents and young adults are exposed to opioids through dental clinicians and that use of these prescriptions may be associated with an increased risk of subsequent opioid use and abuse.
Neoplasia, cell biology, immunology
Authors: A Aslam, R Spicer, A Corfield, B Warren, Stomach Kelly, S Neel
Journal: Gut (1996)

Mucin glycoproteins are the major component ofthe colonic mucus gel layer and interact with pathogens performing a protective function.We studied developmental changes in mucin glycoproteins in normal children from birth to the age of 15 years.We used colonic mucosal organ culture with radioactive mucin precursors [35S]-sulphate and [3H]-glucosamine in dual isotope labeling experiments.After 24 hours culture the secreted and cellular mucus fractions were collected.Mucins were purified by gel filtration and the ratio of incorporation ([35S]/[3H1) was measured.The turnover of radioactive precursors was quantified by relating it to the DNA content of the mucosa ([35S] or [3H] per pig DNA).The total mucin in each sample was assessed by reactivity with Wheat germ aggultinin and the turnover of total mucin was quantified.Mucins were tested against 5 anti-mucin antibodies and 2 lectins.Three age groups were used guided by usual weaning and dietary changes, and had mucosal biopsies taken for culture.They were 0-3 months (9 subjects), 3 months-3 years (20), and 3-15 years (12).The ratio of incorporation showed a statistically significant trend of increase with age in both secreted and cellular fractions.The turnover of both [35S] and [3H] and total mucin was significantly higher in the youngest age group in both fractions.This was followed by a sharp drop in turnover in the 3 month-3 year group followed by a gradual rise to a level about halfthat of early infancy in older children.The antibody 91.9H (which detects human sulphated mucin) showed a significant trend towards increasing sulphation in the older age groups and this correlates with the increasing [35S] ratio, especially as the reactivity with the antibody PR3A5 (which detects di-and tri-O-acetylated sialic acids) did not change.The other antibodies also showed no significant differences.This is the first time developmentally regulated changes in the colonic mucus glycoproteins have been identified and characterized.W46
WATER SUPPLY AND PUBLIC HEALTH.
Authors: EDWIN O. JORDAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>CHAPTER VII.</h3><h3>ARTIFICIAL METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION.</h3><h3>(a) House-Filters.</h3> —The purification of water by artificial means as distinguished from natural or so-called self-purification may be accomplished in various ways. The use of domestic or house filters for this purpose has obtained wide extension, especially in countries where public water supplies are known to be impure. Some of the articles styled as filters or purifiers and sold as such have little value, and if they accomplish anything at all merely remove excessive color or turbidity from the water without materially increasing its safety. The principle underlying the operation of all of the better class of house filters is essentially the same, the actual straining out of the bacteria contained in the water. It needs no argument to show that only those filters made of exceedingly compact material can achieve the end desired. Through filters of loose or coarse material bacteria can
Reactive Oxygen Species Produced from Chromate Pigments and Ascorbate
Authors: Yves Lefebvre, Henri Pezerat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The reactions of various chromate pigments and ascorbate were investigated by an ESR spin trapping technique.Production of Cr(V) was detected directly and productions of very electrophilic reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected via the oxidation of formate.We demonstrated previously that both dissolved oxygen and Cr (V) were essential in the production of ROS in this system, and that ROS production was inhibited by catalase.We studied here the effect of solubility of different chromate pigments: sodium, calcium, strontium, basic zinc, basic lead supported on silica, and lead and barium chromates on the production of ROS in buffered medium and cell culture medium (Dublecco's Modified Eagle medium + fetal calf serum).Sodium, calcium, basic zinc, and basic lead chromates were active in the production of ROS in presence of cell culture medium, whereas lead and barium chromates were inactive.-
Erratum
Authors: W London, Gardner Bellamy, E London, Macmuunn James, Mr Jackson, Intermediate.-Tf Anderson, Winifred Austin, C Beatty, T Beaton, B Bernstein, Belfast Berry, Queen's College, G Blake, Gertrude Brooks, A Brown, J Campain, E Chipp, A Clark, Irenen Clough, F Cook, A Courts, W Crowther, M Dick, Ger- Trude Dobrashian, T Edwards, B Eminson, R Farrer, J Foord, W Fowler, Helen Franklin, G Garlick, A Gibson, A Gool, A Hamilton, R Hill, L Houlton, D Jones, C Kerr, C Killpack, P Langton, A Lindsay, W Littlewood, Mary Lucas, R Mallam, Flfh Martyn, E Miller, H Moody, R Moynan, G Mullally, A Newth, A Owen, H Parker, F Parker, Sara Penny, W Pratt, H Rashbrook, §s Ritson, R King's College, F Rowlands, E Sanders, E Saunders, W Schlesinger, E Simpson, L Stanley, L Tasker, St Trevan, A Bartholo- Mew's Hospital, A Underwood, London Walker, ; Hospital, S Whittington, -H Evans, H Henry, F Howell, S Lawrence, E Mapother, H Vandermin, C Viiiing, ).-R Allen, P Cammidge, Helen Chambers, ).-S Johnson, R Turnbull, ).-Ruth Bensusan, S Colyer, E Davies, Sarah Fraser, E Goldie, R Monckton, D Morgan, W Pinniger, E Strange, ).-E Clarke, A Jukes, -S Hi, H Hastings, D.-F Cheese, H Featherstone, A Finlay, W Valentine, -A Calder, N Calder, J Cameron, D Cheyne, C Clyne, E Cruiickshank, E Duncan, C Greeson, Mabel Hector, J Hunter, R Killas, A Mackintosh, E Reid, J Robertson, C Smith, W Smith, -W Cruickshank, N Duncan, J Elder, A Geddes, W Gerrard, H Hargreaves, J M'ar-Thur, J M'pherson, R Merson, A Mitchell, J Rae, A Reid, A Stewart, F Stuart, W Taylor, J Thomson, -C Finai, W Agassiz, W Angus, W Badenoch, J Bain, W Christie, R Davidson, D Flowerdew, S Garden, G Goodbrand, P Hunter, Elizabeth Hunter, W Innes, J Irwin, W M'arthur, F Macrae, B Martin, J Muterer, W Pirie, D Rae, W Rennie, A Robertson, K Ross, A Smith, A Stephen, W Stephen, R Mort, E Walker
Journal: BMJ (1908)

magistrate to have " bound the defendants over," instead of acquitting them, even though the criminal neglect was not apparent.-Iam, etc.,
Effects of Dibutyl Phthalate as an Environmental Endocrine Disruptor on Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Genetic Males of the Frog Rana rugosa
Authors: Hiromi Ohtani, Ikuo Miura, Youko Ichikawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

To examine the effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on gonadal sex differentiation, genetically male tadpoles of Rana rugosa were exposed to dilute solutions of DBP at concentrations of 0.1, 1, or 10 microM during days 19-23 after fertilization, which is the critical period of gonadal sex differentiation in R. rugosa. Tadpoles were necropsied on day 40. The genetically male tadpoles were produced from crossings between males (ZZ) of one local population, in which females are the heterogametic sex, and females (XX) of another local population, in which males are the heterogametic sex. As positive control groups, tadpoles were exposed to dilute solutions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) at concentrations of 0. 01, 0.1, or 1 microM during the same period. The internal structure of the gonads was histologically examined in a total of 30 control tadpoles, 86 E(2)-treated tadpoles, and 90 DBP-treated tadpoles. The gonads of the control tadpoles all showed the typical structure of testes. In contrast, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microM E(2) treatments caused the undifferentiated gonads of 18, 63, and 100% of the tadpoles, respectively, to develop into gonads of complete or partial ovarian structure. After 0.1, 1, and 10 microM DBP treatment, 0, 7, and 17% of tadpoles, respectively, were similarly affected. These findings suggest that DBP was about 1,000-fold less potent than E(2). Nevertheless, DBP is an environmentally dangerous hormone that disrupts the pathways of testicular differentiation in genetically male animals.
Teen Smokers Turn to Flavored Cigars
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lung Cancer Mortality and Residential Proximity to Industry
Authors: Marise S. Gottlieb, Charles L. Shear, Daniel B. Seale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A potential causal relationship has been suggested by other studies between air pollution and lung cancer. To attempt to define the risk of lung cancer associated with residential proximity to industry by type in Louisiana, lung cancer deaths occurring between 1960 and 1975 in residents of 20 parishes were compared to controls matched on age, sex, year of death and parish of residence. The comparisons were limited to cases (N = 1418) and controls (N = 1429) with known length of exposure to and residing within 0.99 mile (exposed and 1.0 to 3.0 miles (unexposed) radius of an industry type. Of the 13 industry types evaluated, the petroleum and chemical industries showed the highest consistent elevations in risk associated with closeness of residence to industry, whereas possible risks shown for food, grain, canning, and paper industries are less defined. For the petroleum industry, the risk was demonstrated in the group with 10 or more years of residential exposure to the industry in question. For the chemical industry, the residential risk was found in people employed in low risk occupations, who were exposed to large individual industries and was independent of length of exposure as determined for less or more than ten years, (RR = 4.5). The results suggest that residential proximity to petrochemical industries may make a contribution to the lung cancer mortality in Louisiana.
THE SAN FRANCISCO PLAGUE SITUATION.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ROENTGENOLOGIC SURVEYS FOR GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1485: Ischemic Postconditioning’s Protection Is Lost In Aged And Stat3-deficient Mice
Authors: Kerstin Boengler, Astrid Buechert, Yvonne Heinen, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, Gerd Heusch, Rainer Schulz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning is lost in aged wildtype (WT) mice and in STAT3-deficient mice (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3). The aim of the present study was to analyze whether or not ischemic postconditioning (iPo) is effective in aged WT mice hearts, and whether or not it is dependent on the presence of STAT3. Young (3 months) and aged (&gt;13 months) C57Bl6/J female mice underwent 30 min of ischemia and 2 h reperfusion (I/R) without or with iPo (3 cycles of 10 s ischemia and 10 s reperfusion (iPo3) or 5 cycles of 5 s ischemia and 5 s reperfusion (iPo5) at the beginning of reperfusion). In young mice hearts, iPo3 and iPo5 reduced the infarct size (IS, % of the area at risk) to a similar extent from 65.8±2.8 (n=11) to 50.7±2.8 (3×10, n=10, p&lt;0.05) and to 49.8±3.8 (5×5, n=10, p&lt;0.05). In contrast, in aged WT hearts IS was similar following I/R and iPo3 (60.1±3.2, n=10 vs. 66.4±3.0, n=7), but was reduced by iPo5 (46.5±4.2, n=7, p&lt;0.05). Western blot analysis on right ventricular protein extracts from aged WT mice hearts indicated a reduction of phosphorylated STAT3 (Ser727) to 72.0±7.6% (n=19, p&lt;0.05) and of total STAT3 to 72.1±5.5% (n=27, p&lt;0.05) of that in young WT mice, which was set as 100% (n=18). In young mice (3 months) with a cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of STAT3 (STAT3-KO) only iPo3 failed to reduce IS compared to I/R (62.2±3.5, n=5 vs. 64.4±3.1, n=8), whereas the stronger stimulus iPo5 once again significantly reduced IS (55.0±2.8, n=9, p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, lower efficiency of iPO protection against I/R in aged mice hearts was associated with a reduced cardiac expression of STAT3. In line with a crucial role of STAT3 for iPO protection in I/R, STAT3-KO mice displayed also an attenuated susceptibility for iPO mediated protection in I/R. Thus age mediated reduction of cardiac STAT3 expression may contribute to the age-related reduced efficienty of iPo to protect from I/R injury.
Neuropharmacology Of Phencyclidine: Basic Mechanisms And Therapeutic Potential
Authors: K. Johnson
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Controlled Prescribing
Authors: M. J. C. Povey
Journal: BMJ (1970)

ing studies, as yet unpublished, have shown no further fall in titre.These data suggest that vaccine induced immunity may not differ from the life-long immunity thought to follow natural rubella.It is hard to justify delay in the use of an effective prophylactic, awaiting long term evidence of perhaps 20 years, when undoubted benefit can be derived from its use now.By analogy with the experience of polio vaccines, a similar situation existed regarding the duration of immunity, but this did not deter those involved from initiating early vaccination programmes.A national programme of rubella vaccination now would undoubtedly reduce the pool of infec- tion and may well prevent many pregnant women from contracting rubella and bearing abnormal children.-Iam, etc.,
Medicare case underlines importance of physician compliance with all rules when claims are filed
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THIS NEW YEAR begins with yet another cautionary message for physicians. It accompanies news of what is held to be the largest settlement ever in a Medicare fraud case—$111.4 million— just reached with a plea of guilty by National Health Laboratories, Inc, La Jolla, Calif, one of the major medical laboratory chains in the country, to charges of improper claims involving clinical testing procedures and the Medicare program. The settlement includes a fine of $1 million and $10.4 million in payments to state Medicaid programs as well as $100 million in repayments to Medicare, Medicaid, and the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services. The president and chief executive officer of National Health, Robert E. Draper, also pleaded guilty to two counts of fraud and resigned from the company. He faces a possible maximum 10 years in prison and a $500 000 fine. <h3>Two Tests</h3> The case initially
<i>Nervous and Mental Diseases.</i> By Archibald Church, M. D., Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases and Head of Neurological Department, Northwestern University Medical School; and Frederick Peterson, M. D., Chief of Clinic, Department of Nervous and Mental Diseases, and Clinical Lecturer on Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Octavo, 870 pages, with 322 illustrations. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders and Co., 1901. Cloth, $…
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1903)
Physicians on aeromedical teams
Authors: Colin F. Mackenzie, Baekhyo Shin, M. Jane Matjasko
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Baxt and Moody<sup>1</sup>report the survival of eight more patients with blunt trauma who were transported by helicopter with a flight nurse and physician than survived following transport with a flight nurse and paramedic. We think their conclusion that a flight physician influences patient outcome is premature because of the small number of fatalities in their patient population. They provide infor mation about treatment and errors, but there is little data identifying the actual injuries received and there is no autopsy information on patients that died to confirm or refute the clinical determination of injury and errors in management. <h3>Study.—</h3> We examined autopsy data from 300 (98.3%) of 305 patients who died within 24 hours of injury among a population of 2579 patients injured in road traffic accidents who were transported by helicopter with emergency medical technicians.<sup>2</sup>We identified from the autopsy and clinical findings