tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF SEVERE HISTOPLASMOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isoniazid Toxicity
Authors: James W. Mosley
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kester's letter on "Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity: Fact or Fantasy" (<b>217</b>:699, 1971) leaves the impression that isoniazid hepatitis is a fantasy, and that administration of the drug can be safely continued despite the supervention of icteric disease. Recognition of isoniazid hepatitis was delayed because other drugs with greater hepatotoxic potential (such as aminosalicylic acid) are often administered concomitantly. Use of isoniazid alone for "prophylaxis" in quiescent tuberculosis, however, has resulted in a number of reported cases despite the absence of any monitoring for this complication. Furthermore, serial transaminase assays among patients receiving isoniazid indicate that some 12% of such individuals have enzyme elevations within the first two months.<sup>1</sup> The "Capitol Hill incident" with its 17 cases and two deaths<sup>2</sup>probably represented an unusual event with regard to isoniazid toxicity. Under ordinary circumstances, the incidence of overt hepatitis induced by this drug does not appear to be
Screening the Children, Brothers, and Sisters of Persons with Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients15 February 2000Screening the Children, Brothers, and Sisters of Persons with Hereditary HemochromatosisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00029 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?In hereditary hemochromatosis, a genetic disease, iron is deposited in the tissues, which can lead to serious liver damage (cirrhosis), diabetes, heart failure, arthritis, and bronze discoloration in the skin. Most people do not know they have hemochromatosis until organ damage has occurred, but damage can be prevented (by removing iron-rich blood) if the iron overload is detected early. Several screening tests, including blood tests for iron, biopsies, and CT scans of the liver, are available that permit early diagnosis and treatment. More recently, a test for the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Screening for Hereditary Hemochromatosis in Siblings and Children of Affected Patients. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.” It is in the 15 February 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 261-269). The authors are H.B. El-Serag, J.M. Inadomi, and K.V. Kowdley.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Hereditary Hemochromatosis in Siblings and Children of Affected Patients: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Hashem B. El-Serag , John M. Inadomi , and Kris V. Kowdley Metrics 15 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 4Page: 261KeywordsChildrenComputersGenetic diseasesGeneticsHeart failureHematologic testsHemochromatosisLiverPatientsSimulation and modeling ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism
Authors: G. C. Cotzias
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Today's account will indicate first that levodopa (L-dopa) differs from previous drugs in that it may be slowing the progressive deterioration in some patients with parkinsonism. We will then discuss some difficulties encountered by others which have been rare with us. We will consider some questions raised by our own continuous administration of first DL-dopa, and then levodopa. Scientific scrutiny of these questions includes testing of experimental animals so that we can formulate further clinical investigations. We will finally indicate that we do not know the mechanisms of action of levodopa and will propose a hypothesis which may perhaps be testable. <h3>Clinical Considerations</h3> Our clinical experience with levodopa covers to date 48 patients with parkinsonism, as follows: 12 with chronic manganese poisoning including two with muscular dystonia, seven with spontaneous dystonias, one with a dystonia following cyanide poisoning, one hemiplegic, and 20 neurologically normal persons. Most of the latter were
Incorrect Number of Patients in a Figure
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Najib M. Rahman, DPhil; Justin Pepperell, MD; Sunita Rehal, MSc; Tarek Saba, MD; Augustine Tang, FRCS(C-Th); Nabeel Ali, MD; Alex West, MRCP; Gihan Hettiarachchi, MRCP; Dipak Mukherjee, FRCP; Johnson Samuel, FRCP; Andrew Bentley, MD; Lee Dowson, MRCP; Jonathan Miles, MRCP; C. Frank Ryan, FRCPC; Ken Y. Yoneda, MD; Anoop Chauhan, MD; John P. Corcoran, MRCP; Ioannis Psallidas, PhD; John M. Wrightson, DPhil; Rob Hallifax, MRCP; Helen E. Davies, MD; Y. C. Gary Lee, PhD; Melissa Dobson, BSc; Emma L. Hedley, RGN; Douglas Seaton, MD; Nicky Russell, RGN; Margaret Chapman, RGN; Bethan M. McFadyen, RN; Rachel A. Shaw, BA; Robert J. O. Davies, MD; Nick A. Maskell, DM; Andrew J. Nunn, MSc; Robert F. Miller, FRCP
LncRNA PFL contributes to cardiac fibrosis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of let-7d: Erratum
Authors: Haihai Liang, Zhenwei Pan, Xiaoguang Zhao, Li Liu, Jian Sun, Xiaomin Su, Chaoqian Xu, Yuhong Zhou, Dandan Zhao, Bozhi Xu, Xuelian Li, Baofeng Yang, Yanjie Lu, Hongli Shan
Journal: Theranostics (2021)
Abstracts of papers given at annual meeting
Authors: Sam Yanari, J Mccullough, P Maley, ~&wvu& David Malish, Michael Kaplan, James Easton, Arthur Mclean, Los Angeles, Brian Dantzler, W Tipton, Harold Nelson, Phil O'barr, S Hendrix, C Zeiss, I Suszko, P Lieberman, R Mcqueen, M Miller, R Patterson, C Reed, J Yunginger, E Zimmermann, G Gleich, E Bardana, J Gabourel, C Anderson, G Davies, 8ure~ Welsh, S Dougl8s, M Dahl, M Blumenthal, D Skirball, E Chester, H Schwartz, T Tuthill, T Prestel, J Barancik, T Bozich, J Giraldez, C Feldman, P Hicks, B Feldman, W Davis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1980)
BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Family Medicine
Authors: Marjorie A. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The practice of medicine advanced in several areas of particular importance to family physicians, including health promotion, disease prevention, women's health care, and the care of children. The important role of family physicians in providing primary medical care critical in any health system reform has been enhanced and supported by these and other medical developments. The value of screening for colorectal carcinoma with either flexible sigmoidoscopy or fecal occult blood testing has been emphasized and more clearly defined. The risk of death due to carcinoma of the colon among patients undergoing at least one sigmoidoscopic examination was shown to be reduced by 80% compared with that among those not undergoing such an examination.<sup>1</sup>A study of rigid sigmoidoscopy showed a roughly equal reduction in mortality, approximately 60%, with the benefit confined to carcinomas within the reach of the sigmoidoscope.<sup>2</sup>Flexible sigmoidoscopy, used more frequently by family physicians, would
"EFFECTIVENESS OF INFANT WELFARE CLINICS FROM A MEDICAL POINT OF VIEW"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Invasive Interventions
Authors: Stephen G. Pauker, Richard I. Kopelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

A 37-year-old man came to the emergency room complaining of chest heaviness “similar to having somebody standing on his chest.” The pain had begun while he was changing clothes in the locker room at work. It radiated to both arms and was associated with diaphoresis and shortness of breath. He rated the pain as 10 on a scale of 1 to 10. The episode lasted for 10 minutes.A cardiac origin of this pain would be rather unusual in a young man unless he had been using cocaine. This does not sound like an anxiety reaction, but the . . .
Mercy killing and the law
Authors: M Ahmed-Taha, T Akhtar, F S S Al-Ani, A Al-Atraqchi, F Ai-Azawi, K Al-Baghdadi, A Al-Chalabi, El-K Ali, A Al-Kaabi, Q Alrahim, Layla Al-Roomi, J Andrews, A Arnold, J Aryasingha, A Ategbole, G Atherstone, R Barber, A Barnouti, A Batchelor, Susan Bayley, Judith Beardshaw, Judith Behrens, A Bird, Ann Blackburn, D Blake, A Bodger, D Borsey, R Boyle, Elizabeth Braidwood, S Breathnach, R Brettle, A Briggs, A Brown, M Brown, J Bullen, J Burness, S Callaghan, A Carless, J Carnie, Dianne Carter, Y Chan, M-C Chan, Y-M Che, K-O Cheung, P-N-S Chitson, S Chiu, G Choi Kin, C Chua, C Clark, Vicky Clement-Jones, I Cobden, J Cohen, M Conway, S Cook, R Coppen, J Couriel, Elizabeth Cowden, F Cunningham, M Cushley, Mollie Dada, M Dancy, J David, G Davidson, S De Silva, R Doghmi, Kathryn Donmall, G Dowey, P Duckett, Elizabeth Dufton, M Dunn, Alison Dutt, M Earley, A Hag, S El-Hag, El-H Elidrissy, D Elliman, J Elliott, J Ellis, M Elrawadi, R Epstein, J Fitzpatrick, R Fletcher, J Fordham, J Forster, J Freeman, J Garnett, J Gatus, L Gerlis, A Girdwood, R Goldberg, S Goyal, Vanessa Graham, W Gray, S Greene, A Grieve, R Grieve, K Gupta, J Halsey, M Hamad, P Harrison, E Haworth, Jacqueline Hayden, S Hegde, T Henderson, J Hewitt, J Hirst, F Hiwaizi, Irene Hodsman, P Horrocks, C Howard, S Hughes, P Ind, E Iwuagwu, D De, S Jayasinghe, D Jeffs, P Jenkins, F Jenkins, D Jones, M Jones, H Kaldas, D Kar, A Karnik, M Karthigasu, J Kelly, J Kelnar, J Kendra, J Kenicer, D Kennedy, J Kiernan, Jennifer Kilvert, Angela Kirby, G Kopelman, M Lall, Doreen Latt, Ann Lawson, F Leahy, T Lee, W Lenney, J Leopold, J Lips, D Lloyd, J Long, D Ludwin, J Mccallum, M Mccarthy, D Macintyre, J Mckenna, R Mckenzie, A Macnair, A Mcninch, R Mcwilliam, J Mahood, M Malla, A Manhire, I Manifold, M Masser, G Mastaglia, P Mathew, M Mathew, Meenakshi Sundaram, C Middleton, J Miller, K Misch, Dorothy Mitchell, J Mitchell, A Mitra, R Mohiuddin, M Molloy, G Morgan, J Morris, J Muir, M Murphy, M Nazer, R Nesbit, A Newland, Catherine Ng, Mui Nam, Helen Nutbeam, Anne Nutter, A Oakhill, J Connell, P O'malley, J Owen, E Parker, G Patterson, J Patton, A Peacock, Jennifer Pearce, R Peppiatt, E Phillips, G Pickering, T Pierscianowski, Y Pok, Linda Pololi, K Popat, D Raper, K Rassam, B Rassam, M Reynolds, A Riley, K Roberts, J Roberts-Thomson, G Rogers, Elizabeth Rowse, Elizabeth Ruffell, J Ryan, A Salih, N Samarasiri, J Sampson, S Sankarapandian, M Sankoh, D Scott, G Sekoni, Z Siddiqi, G S Q Silva, C Sirinavin, B Skidmore, R Slade, A Smith, Mary Smith, Elizabeth Smith, G Spence, G Spencer-Jones, N Sreeharan, T Staunton, C Steer, P Stephens, Georgina Stewart, S Sullivan, S Sundaralingham, R Suri, C Tait, Adele Tan, Guat Kean, Tan Har, The Hon, R Tedder, T Thamotharampillai, Joan Thomas, A Timmis, Hoon Chin, Gladys Tinker, B Tomlinson, A Torode, Catherine Trewby, J Verster-Cohen, D Wade, J Wade, G Walford, Angela Walker, P Warren, A Weindling, R Wijenayake, L Wijesuriya, M Wijesuriya, A Williams, R Williams, H Williams, T Wilmshurst, J Wilson, D Wilson, R Winter, M Wong, I Wood, Victoria Wood
Journal: BMJ (1976)

the month was 1113.
Moses
Authors: Eric Goralnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor18 January 2011MosesEric Goralnick, MDEric Goralnick, MDFrom Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-2-201101180-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail “I'd like you to see someone,” the social worker's voice crackled over my cheap Motorola cell phone. “His name is Moses.”“I'll be right there.”I was working at John F. Kennedy Memorial Medical Center, the largest hospital in Liberia, a nation ravaged by waves of bloodshed for more than 20 years. Liberia has been at war for so long, its people do not seem to remember any other form of existence.Before the war, JFK Hospital was a shining example of medical care in Western Africa, its facilities state-of-the-art and its staff highly trained. But after the 1980 coup, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.Corresponding Author: Eric Goralnick, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Neville House, Boston, MA 02115; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 January 2011Volume 154, Issue 2Page: 135-136KeywordsEmergency departmentHeartHospital medicineMalariaMemorySleepTouchTriageTuberculosisWalking ePublished: 18 January 2011 Issue Published: 18 January 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Lives of a Cell
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

WE are told that the trouble with Modern Man is that he has been trying to detach himself from nature. He sits in the topmost tiers of polymer, glass and steel, dangling his pulsing legs, surveying at a distance the writhing life of the planet. In this scenario, Man comes on as a stupendous lethal force, and the earth is pictured as something delicate, like rising bubbles at the surface of a country pond, or flights of fragile birds.But it is illusion to think that there is anything fragile about the life of the earth; surely this is the . . .
Relation of DDE and PBB Serum Levels in Farm Residents, Consumers, and Michigan Chemical Corporation Employees
Authors: Mary S. Wolff, Bertrand Aubrey, Frances Camper, Neil Haymes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Results of serum PBB determinations on 524 Michigan diary farm residents and consumers of products from the farms, 55 chemical workers, and 56 Wisconsin farm residents are reported. Mean and median values were highest for the chemical workers, followed by consumers from and residents of quarantined and nonquarantined farms. Serum DDE was higher among chemical workers, but was similar for all other groups. Statistical analysis of serum of PPB and serum DDE levels was done with respect to quarantine status, age, sex, and obesity. The most significant correlate with PBB was quarantine status. Serum DDE, age, sex, or obesity were not consistently correlated with serum PBB. For DDE, age was invariably the most significant correlate. Both serum PBB and DDE were higher in males than females in husband-wife pairs in most cases, although the differences occurred less frequently among older age groups. These results support the hypothesis that PBB exposure was a recent interim exposure whereas DDE exposure has been cumulative throughout a person's lifetime. Higher PBB and DDE mean concentrations in serum of Michigan Chemical workers suggests an occupational exposure to these chemicals.
Abstract 833: Anti-tumor efficacy of BA3021, a novel Conditionally Active Biologic (CAB) anti-ROR2 ADC
Authors: Leslie L. Sharp, Cathy Chang, Gerhard Frey, Jing Wang, Haizhen Liu, Charles Xing, Safak Yalcin, Marlena Walls, Yong Ben, William J. Boyle, Jay M. Short
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract ROR2 is a developmentally regulated member of the receptor tyrosine kinase orphan receptor (ROR) family and is a non-canonical receptor for selected Wnt family members. Many of the activities associated with ROR2 in development have also been implicated in cancer including cell migration and invasion. In many cancer types, expression of ROR2 correlates with advanced disease or poor prognosis. The high level of expression on the cancer cell surface has made it an attractive target for antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC). The Conditionally Active Biologics (CAB) technology is a patented, proprietary platform that selects antibodies that reversibly bind to target antigen in the context of diseased tissues, but not normal tissues, by taking advantage of the unique cancer microenvironment that is produced largely as a result of the Warburg effect. Using our CAB technology, we have identified anti-ROR2 selective Abs that reversibly bind to recombinant ROR2 and ROR2 expressing cells under conditions that are present in the tumor microenvironment, but not in normal tissues. BA3021 is a CAB-ROR2-ADC. The pharmacological properties of BA3021 were characterized in a number of in vitro and in vivo pharmacology studies. BA3021 binds selectively to human and cyno ROR2 in conditions reflective of the tumor microenvironment, but has reduced binding under normal tissue conditions. BA3021 demonstrated ability to induce cytotoxicity of cell lines expressing ROR2 in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in LCLC-103H (lung), MDA-MB-436 (breast), HT1080 (sarcoma) and SK-MEL-5 (melanoma) human tumor xenografts and in selected sarcoma cancer patient derived xenograft models in vivo. In conclusion, our data is consistent with our work on CAB-EGFR-ADC, CAB-AXL-ADC, CAB-PD-1 and other CAB programs and suggests that ADCs generated using the CAB technology provide biologics with increased therapeutic index. Specifically, the CAB-ROR2-ADC is an excellent candidate for evaluation as a treatment for human cancers that are ROR2 positive. Citation Format: Leslie L. Sharp, Cathy Chang, Gerhard Frey, Jing Wang, Haizhen Liu, Charles Xing, Safak Yalcin, Marlena Walls, Yong Ben, William J. Boyle, Jay M. Short. Anti-tumor efficacy of BA3021, a novel Conditionally Active Biologic (CAB) anti-ROR2 ADC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 833.
Stability of Specialty Preferences Among Medical School Graduates
Authors: Peter A. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent article Babbott et al<sup>1</sup>document that almost 37% of students who entered medical school in 1983 planned careers in family practice but that when these same students graduated only 14% entered family practice residencies. Though causes for this shift away from family practice are many, the influence of the medical school environment is critically important. Clinical teaching faculty exercise a strong role modeling effect throughout medical school.<sup>2</sup>At most medical schools generalists have a limited role in medical education. As a result, trainees are unduly influenced by subspecialists to believe that specialization is advantageous and has higher status. Family practice residents perceive this influence as detrimental to choosing family practice.<sup>3</sup> University presidents and medical school deans must recognize that medical education has a powerful effect on medical students' specialty choices. Petersdorf<sup>4</sup>believes that too many students in medical training go
Local Anaesthesia for Venous Cannulation and Arterial Blood Gas Sampling: Are Doctors Using It?
Authors: Daniel M Sado, Charles D Deakin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

The pain of venous cannulation and arterial puncture can be greatly lessened by local anaesthesia. We sought information about the use of local anaesthesia for these procedures by doctors working in medicine, surgery and anaesthetics. A questionnaire was hand-delivered to 178 doctors in eight hospitals, all of whom responded. For insertion of large-bore cannulae, local anaesthesia was used by all the anaesthetists but less than half the medical and surgical doctors. For arterial blood sampling it was used by 60% of anaesthetists and 2% of ward doctors. Previous recommendations to use local anaesthesia seem to have been ignored, and in many instances these procedures are more painful than necessary.