tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction in the incidence of human listeriosis in the United States. Effectiveness of prevention efforts? The Listeriosis Study Group
Authors: J. W. Tappero
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Food-borne transmission is now recognized as a major cause of human listeriosis. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the impact of prevention efforts, listeriosis rates before interventions were initiated in 1989 were compared with more recent rates (1990 through 1993). <h3>Design.</h3> —From 1989 through 1993, multistate, laboratory-based active surveillance was conducted to identify all cases in which<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>was isolated from cultures or ordinarily sterile sites in an aggregate population of more than 19 million. <h3>Setting.</h3> —All laboratories serving acute care hospitals in up to nine surveillance areas in the United States. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —In 1989, a well-publicized case report of listeriosis linked to processed poultry led US regulatory agencies to enforce aggressive food monitoring policies and prompted industry to invest in cleanup efforts. In May 1992, consumer guidelines for listeriosis prevention were disseminated. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Cases of perinatal and nonperinatal listeriosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —The rate of listeriosis decreased in all surveillance areas. Projection of these rates to the US population suggests an estimated 1965 cases and 481 deaths occurred in 1989 compared with an estimated 1092 cases and 248 deaths in 1993, a 44% and 48% reduction in illness and death, respectively. Among adults 50 years of age and older, rates declined from 16.2 per 1 million in 1989 to 10.2 per 1 million in 1993 (<i>P</i>=.02). Perinatal disease decreased from 17.4 cases per 100 000 births in 1989 to 8.6 cases per 100 000 births in 1993 (<i>P</i>=.003). Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of<i>L monocytogenes</i>accounted for more than 96% of cases during each year of the study (1989 through 1993). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The incidence of listeriosis in study areas was substantially lower in 1993 than in 1989. The temporal association of this reduction with industry, regulatory, and educational efforts suggests these measures were effective. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1118-1122)
Emergence of a R-Type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channel (Ca <sub>V</sub> 2.3) Contributes to Cerebral Artery Constriction After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Masanori Ishiguro, Theresa L. Wellman, Akira Honda, Sheila R. Russell, Bruce I. Tranmer, George C. Wellman
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Cerebral aneurysm rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) inflict disability and death on thousands of individuals each year. In addition to vasospasm in large diameter arteries, enhanced constriction of resistance arteries within the cerebral vasculature may contribute to decreased cerebral blood flow and the development of delayed neurological deficits after SAH. In this study, we provide novel evidence that SAH leads to enhanced Ca 2+ entry in myocytes of small diameter cerebral arteries through the emergence of R-type voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCCs) encoded by the gene Ca V 2.3. Using in vitro diameter measurements and patch clamp electrophysiology, we have found that L-type VDCC antagonists abolish cerebral artery constriction and block VDCC currents in cerebral artery myocytes from healthy animals. However, 5 days after the intracisternal injection of blood into rabbits to mimic SAH, cerebral artery constriction and VDCC currents were enhanced and partially resistant to L-type VDCC blockers. Further, SNX-482, a blocker of R-type Ca 2+ channels, reduced constriction and membrane currents in cerebral arteries from SAH animals, but was without effect on cerebral arteries of healthy animals. Consistent with our biophysical and functional data, cerebral arteries from healthy animals were found to express only L-type VDCCs (Ca V 1.2), whereas after SAH, cerebral arteries were found to express both Ca V 1.2 and Ca V 2.3. We propose that R-type VDCCs may contribute to enhanced cerebral artery constriction after SAH and may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of neurological deficits after SAH.
“Lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease: balancing the risk of surgery and diagnostic uncertainty.” Vincent Cottin.<i>Eur Respir J</i>2016; 48: 1274–1277.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

was published with an error in the first sentence of the section entitled "Diagnosing ILD without lung biopsy."The sentence incorrectly specified that 820 patients underwent biopsy, whereas the number stated should have been 2820.The corrected sentence reads as follows:"Further information provided by the study by HUTCHINSON et al. [11] is the relatively low number of surgical lung biopsies performed, with only 2820 patients with a diagnosis of ILD undergoing this procedure in National Health Service hospitals in the UK over a 12-year period."
Female Reproductive Function in Areas Affected by Radiation after the Chernobyl Power Station Accident
Authors: V. I. Kulakov, T. N. Sokur, A. I. Volobuev, I. S. Tzibulskaya, V. A. Malisheva, B. I. Zikin, L. C. Ezova, L. A. Belyaeva, P. D. Bonartzev, N. V. Speranskaya, J. M. Tchesnokova, N. K. Matveeva, E. S. Kaliznuk, L. B. Miturova, N. S. Orlova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)
Sexual Behavior
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breast prostheses
Authors: M. Deanesly
Journal: JAMA (1976)

RECENTLY, public attention has been drawn more than ever to the problem of breast cancer. With Mrs Ford and Mrs Rockefeller both afflicted, more women are attempting self-examination. This surge of early detection and treatment will increase the number of women who will need prosthetic devices for many years of life. Consequently, the sensitive and skilled fitting of a well-accepted prosthetic device after mastectomy is possible and can mean the difference between prompt, cheerful, and total mobilization and long-term personal distress. When a breast surgery patient or her confidant asks you about these cosmetic and prosthetic devices there is much to be said. <h3>Who and Why</h3> Any woman who had protuberant breast tissue prior to surgery and has a unilateral mastectomy will need some device, if only to make her clothing fit properly. The larger the remaining breast, the more vital the need—not only for appearance but for weight. The
International disunity on HIV vaccine efficacy trials
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE WORLD MAY not wait for the United States to test human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines. Phase 3 trials of two experimental HIV vaccines were indefinitely postponed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) this summer. NIAID Director Anthony Fauci, MD, explained at the 10th International Conference on AIDS in Yokohama, Japan, that he made the ruling for two reasons. First is the lack of correlates of protection, or clear markers, to tell when someone is indeed immunized against HIV infection. The second reason is that potential study subjects in the community may not understand that the vaccine is only experimental and instead "assume that they are now protected and so go out and have unsafe sex," resulting in an increased infection rate, the opposite effect of that desired, says Fauci. These concerns were underscored by higher than expected new infection rates among subjects in phase 1
Urea formaldehyde foam insulation may be banned
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There may be a nationwide ban on urea formaldehyde foam building insulation by midsummer. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has voted three to two for such a ban, but there must be formal publication of the proposal in the<i>Federal Register</i>, a 60-day period for public comment, and finally another vote by the commissioners. The earliest the final vote could be taken would be late July. The ban is being proposed because since 1978 the commission has received some 1,600 complaints of acute health problems that are believed to be associated with formaldehyde use in homes and other buildings. Patients have complained of eye, nose, and throat irritation, coughing, dyspnea, dizziness, epistaxis, eczema-like rashes, and headaches, among other things (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1980;243:1697-1703; 1981;245:243-246, 267-268). More than 1,000 complaints concerned urea formaldehyde foam insulation, which is believed to have been installed in more than 500,000 US homes in the
Civil War Surgeons
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of a sedative-hypnotic agent; methaqualone (Quaalude)
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Numbers of Patients Transposed in Text
Authors: Neil Skolnik
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Carles Subirà, MD; Gonzalo Hernández, MD, PhD; Antònia Vázquez, MD, PhD; Raquel Rodríguez-García, MD; Alejandro González-Castro, MD; Carolina García, MD; Olga Rubio, MD, PhD; Lara Ventura, MD; Alexandra López, MD; Maria-Carmen de la Torre, MD, PhD; Elena Keough, MD; Vanesa Arauzo, MD; Cecilia Hermosa, MD; Carmen Sánchez, MD; Ana Tizón, MD; Eva Tenza, MD, PhD; César Laborda, MD; Sara Cabañes, MD; Victoria Lacueva, MD; Maria del Mar Fernández, MD, PhD; Anna Arnau, MSc, PhD; Rafael Fernández, RMD, PhD
Should health policy focus on physical activity rather than obesity? Yes
Authors: R. Weiler, E. Stamatakis, S. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Richard Weiler and colleagues</b> argue that losing weight is not essential to get benefit from physical activity, but <b>Timothy Gill and colleagues</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c2602) believe that tackling all the causes of obesity is essential to improve public health
Compensatory Possibilities for Stabilization of Cardiorespiratory System After Pneumonectomy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Linear limb sinus tract in a child
Authors: J. F. Csicsko
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CHRONIC draining sinus tracts and recurrent abscesses are usually associated with chronic inflammatory disorders (tuberculosis, fungal disorders), neoplasms, inflammatory bowel disease, and the presence of a foreign body. This report describes the case of a child who had recurrent gluteal and thigh abscess, with persistent draining sinus tracts that, in the final analysis, represented a subdermal linear limb sinus tract covering the entire length of the lower extremity. We believe this lesion is of congenital origin; review of the English literature did not reveal a similar case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 5-year-old girl was admitted to the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children on the Indiana University Medical Center campus on April 11, 1972, with the chief complaint of persistent purulent drainage from the right gluteal fold. The draining area had been present for two years and was initially thought to be related to an insect bite. A single
Telephone Reminders to Reduce Non-Attendance Rate for Endoscopy
Authors: C S Lee, P A McCormick
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Non-attendance at clinics and endoscopy units wastes resources and lengthens waiting lists. In a previous study elsewhere, a substantial proportion of patients claimed to have forgotten their appointment. We therefore assessed the value of telephoning patients a week before their booked day-case endoscopy. An observation period of two months was followed by an intervention period of two months in which patients were contacted by phone and asked if they wished to come for their investigation. A maximum of three separate attempts were made to contact each patient. Patients cancelling the appointment were replaced by others on the reserve list. The non-attendance rate was expressed as the percentage of unused beds. During the observation period 56 patients were admitted and 18 beds were unused. During the intervention period it was possible to contact 73 of 88 patients and 8 of these cancelled. 87 beds were available and 83 patients were admitted. When clerical error, overbooking and failure to replace patients were taken into account, the non-attendance rate declined from 23.3% during the observation period to 5.7% during the intervention period (P<0.05). The intervention seemed more effective in reducing non-attendance in outpatients referrals (0/48) than in general practitioner referrals (5/40).
A CONTEMPORARY ADVERTISES ITSELF.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A portrait of Osler by his contemporaries
Authors: S. G. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1969)

I never met Osler, but I feel I know him well. My aim is to bring an impression of Osler to you by describing my friendship and association with many of his contemporaries. Each recollection of these men helps to paint the larger portrait which is Osler as I know him. These contemporaries were life-long friends and remained in close touch with each other. I was George Dock's associate in Pasadena, Calif, for 25 years until his death in 1952. Many of his old associates made prolonged winter visits, and some of them retired in California. This gave me the opportunity of knowing them. I began my study of medicine at Toronto about the time of Osler's death. Many of my professors were close to Osler, and I had the opportunity of learning about Osler's moves from Toronto, to Montreal, to Philadelphia, to Baltimore, and to Oxford. Now, after half
METABOLIC IN VIVO TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION OF REPERFUSED MYOCARDIUM BY POSITRON-CT (PCT) IN A CHRONIC DOG MODEL
Authors: M. Schwaiger, H. W. Hansen, D. J. Ellison, R. Keen, S. Wittmer, L. A. Yeatman, J. R. Barrio, H. R. Schelbert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Schwaiger, M.; Hansen, H. W.; Ellison, D. J.; Keen, R.; Wittmer, S.; Yeatman, L. A.; Barrio, J. R.; Schelbert, H. R. Author Information
Reply:
Authors: Maurizia R. Brunetto
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The suggestion by Wiegend et al. to further investigate new algorithms to improve the prediction of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance through the monitoring of HBsAg levels during antiviral therapy is interesting and appropriate. Indeed, a significant decline of the antigen during interferon-based therapies is the hallmark of treatment effectiveness that modifies the virus-host interplay; a decline below a threshold (100 or 1000 IU/mL) could really mean the achievement of a sustained control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by the host's immune system. Therefore, future studies should be aimed at developing new therapeutic approaches by which the quantitative monitoring of both HBV-DNA and HBsAg serum levels could warrant a more personalized treatment strategy overcoming the current limitations of the stopping rules, which mean treatment discontinuation in nonresponders. This will be particularly useful in chronic hepatitis B, where the availability of two different treatment options (interferons and nucleoside or nucleotide analogues) allows real treatment optimization in the single patient on the basis of the on-treatment response. However, to ensure the most appropriate use of HBsAg in clinical practice, further and larger studies of the antigen kinetics during therapy must be performed according to the major outcomes of treatment and HBV genotypes. In fact, the final goal of interferon-based therapy is not only HBsAg clearance but mainly the off-treatment achievement of an HBsAg-inactive carrier profile, which actually is the first aim of hepatitis B e antigen–negative chronic hepatitis B treatment.1 Finally, genotypes appear, at least in vitro, to influence both HBsAg and HBV-DNA secretions, which are not directly correlated.2 Consistently, preliminary reports have shown that HBsAg serum levels and their declines during therapy are significantly different across genotypes,3-5 and the overall kinetics of HBsAg appears to be genotype-dependent, the slowest decline being experienced by genotype D–infected patients.4, 5 If confirmed, these findings would imply the definition of genotype-specific algorithms. Maurizia R. Brunetto*, * Unità Operativa Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
A 29-Year-Old Woman With Flu-like Symptoms: Review of Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: M. A. Barry
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Peaks of seasonal influenza activity occur annually in many countries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Using the case of Ms R, a 29-year-old woman who presented with acute onset of respiratory symptoms and was evaluated for influenza, considerations regarding symptoms and signs, evaluation, treatment, and prevention of influenza are discussed. Symptoms of influenza can be similar to those of other respiratory viruses, making diagnosis challenging. Laboratory testing should be reserved for patients who are seriously ill or for whom test results may affect management or have public health implications. For most cases of influenza, treatment is supportive and specific antiviral medication is not needed. Annual vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection. Educating patients on practical steps to reduce the spread of influenza in the community is critical.