tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spine Ergonomics
Authors: Malcolm H. Pope, Kheng Lim Goh, Marianne L. Magnusson
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2002)

▪ Abstract Occupational low back pain (LBP) is an immense burden for both industry and medicine. Ergonomic and personal risk factors result in LBP, but psychosocial factors can influence LBP disability. Epidemiologic studies clearly indicate the role of mechanical loads on the etiology of occupational LBP. Occupational exposures such as lifting, particularly in awkward postures; heavy lifting; or repetitive lifting are related to LBP. Fixed postures and prolonged seating are also risk factors. LBP is found in both sedentary occupations and in drivers as well as those involved in manual materials handling. Any prolonged posture will lead to static loading of the soft tissues and cause discomfort. Standing and sitting have specific advantages and disadvantages for mobility, exertion of force, energy consumption, circulatory demands, coordination, and motion control. The seated posture leads to inactivity causing an accumulation of metabolites, accelerating disk degeneration and leading to disk herniation. Driver's postures can also lead to musculoskeletal problems. Workers in a driving environment are often subjected to postural stress leading to back, neck, and upper extremity pain. This exacerbates the problems due to the vibration. Prevention is by far the treatment of choice. Improved muscle function can be preventative. Poor coordination and motor control systems are as important as endurance and strength. Fixed postures should be avoided. Seats offering good lumbar support should be used in the office. A suspension seat should be used in vehicles whenever possible. Heavy and awkward lifting should be avoided and lifting aids should be made available. Workers should report LBP as early as possible and seek medical advice if they think occupational exposure is harming them. The combined effects of the medical community, labor, and management are required to cause some impact on this problem.
Correspondence
Authors: Raymond L. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>Sir.—</h3> In regard to the review of<i>Sickle Cell Hemoglobin: Molecule to Man</i>(227:805-806, 1974), let me take issue with Dr. Kraus's statements. He regards the text as "lucid, but rather one-sided." He has failed to recognize that the last five chapters are extensions, inferences, deductions, and clinical applications made from the Murayama hypothesis for the molecular mechanisms of sickling as discussed in the initial three chapters. I know of no other disease where such a continuous, logical linkage of concepts exists between theoretical and experimental molecular information on the one hand and analytically derived diagnostic and therapeutic gains on the other. Surely, this unique medical aspect of the book deserves at least passing acknowledgment. The book apparently appeared "one-sided" to Dr. Kraus because it is not a review of the sickle cell literature, a prodigious project; rather, the authors intended only to show in what ways the Murayama hypothesis could be used to make clinical gains.
CDC Promotes Care Before Conception—Correction
Authors: Frank Palella, Joan Chmiel, Sharon Riddler, Bridget Calhoun, Adrian Dobs, Barbara Visscher, Lawrence Kingsley, Kingsley Dobs, Kingsley Visscher, Calhoun Chmiel, Chmiel Palella, Kingsley Palella
Journal: JAMA (2006)

can be systematically applied to all MACS participants specifically to discern this phenomenon.In addition, retrospective analyses do not allow for precise measurement of time of onset.Comparative evaluation and prospective observation are needed to further characterize this clinical entity.
Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Gaisford G. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The publication of retrospective studies of causes of anesthetic contributory death, "Unexpected Cardiac Arrest During Anesthesia and Surgery," by Taylor, Larson, and Prestwich (236:2758, 1976) draws attention once again to the paucity of sound statistical mortality studies in this field.<sup>1</sup> In supporting the authors' plea for a cardiac arrest registry, I would make a plea that provision be made for assessing the background population of anesthetics from which the data come. Whatever advances are claimed for anesthesia, they can only be regarded as real advances if they result in an increased safety for the patient. Though a measure of this "safety" is difficult, one may postulate that the most fundamental index of the safety of anesthesia for the patient is the incidence with which factors related to the administration of an anesthetic may cause or contribute to a patient's death. Though surveys of this nature are
Herpes simplex labialis history defined. Antiviral drug therapy may help. New tests aid multiple sclerosis diagnosis
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Number of Excluded Patients Reported in the Text and Figure
Authors: Harvey Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Rebecca Vigen, MD, MSCS; Colin I. O’Donnell, MS; Anna E. Barón, PhD; Gary K. Grunwald, PhD; Thomas M. Maddox, MD, MSc; Steven M. Bradley, MD, MPH; Al Barqawi, MD; Glenn Woning, MD; Margaret E. Wierman, MD; Mary E. Plomondon, PhD; John S. Rumsfeld, MD, PhD; P. Michael Ho, MD, PhD
TALAPRO-2: a placebo-controlled phase III study of talazoparib (TALA) plus enzalutamide (ENZA) for patients with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Neeraj Agarwal, Neal D. Shore, Curtis Dunshee, Lawrence Ivan Karsh, Arun Azad, Andre P. Fay, Joan Carles, M. Luisa Paccagnella, Nicola Di Santo, Mohamed Elmeliegy, Xun Lin, Ruben G.W. Quek, Akos Czibere, Karim Fizazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS5598 Background: TALA blocks poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity and traps PARP on single-strand DNA breaks, preventing DNA damage repair (DDR) and causing death of cells with DDR alterations (eg BRCA1/2). a TALA has been approved in multiple countries as monotherapy for germline BRCA1/2-mutated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer. ENZA is an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor and an established therapy for mCRPC. As PARP activity has been shown to support AR function, inhibition of PARP is expected to reduce AR signaling and increase sensitivity to AR-directed therapies. In addition, AR blockade downregulates homologous recombination repair gene transcription which induces ‘ BRCAness ’. Therefore, combining TALA with ENZA in mCRPC may be efficacious regardless of DDR alterations. TALAPRO-2 (NCT03395197) is a Phase III, 2-part study to evaluate efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of TALA combined with ENZA. Methods: Enrollment goal is 1037 patients (19 patients, part 1 dose-finding; 1,018 patients, part 2 placebo-controlled). Key eligibility criteria: age ≥18 years; asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic mCRPC; ECOG performance status ≤1; metastatic disease (no brain metastases); and no prior life-prolonging systemic therapy for nonmetastatic CRPC or mCRPC. Prior therapies (excluding novel AR inhibitors) in the castration-sensitive (CSPC) setting are allowed. ADT must continue throughout the study. The randomized double-blind portion (part 2) will evaluate safety, efficacy, and PROs of TALA (0.5 mg QD) + ENZA (160 mg QD) vs placebo + ENZA (160 mg QD). Patients are stratified by prior novel hormonal therapy or docetaxel for CSPC (yes or no) and DDR alteration status (deficient vs nondeficient/unknown). The primary endpoint is radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), defined as time to progression in soft tissue per RECIST v.1.1 or in bone per PCWG3 criteria by independent review or death. The key secondary endpoint is overall survival. Efficacy will be assessed radiographically every 8 weeks up to Week 25 and every 8–12 weeks thereafter. rPFS will be compared between the two arms by a 1-sided stratified log-rank test. Patient recruitment is ongoing in multiple regions including US, Europe/Eastern Europe, Israel, South America, South Africa, and Asia-Pacific region. a DDR alterations are defined as known/likely pathogenic variants or homozygous deletions. Funding: Pfizer Inc. Clinical trial information: NCT03395197 .
Productive infection of primary cultures of endothelial cells from the cat liver sinusoid with the feline immunodeficiency virus
Authors: A Steffan
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Given the similarities between the two viruses, the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is becoming an interesting animal model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. To explore the still controversial role of the liver in the development of HIV infection, sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) were isolated, and primary cultures were infected with the FIV Villefranche IFFA strain. The isolated cells were characterized by their typical fenestrations, the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWf), and their ability to take up acetylated low-density lipoproteins and denatured collagen. Two weeks after infection, significant amounts of FIV p24 antigen were detected by immunofluorescence in both multinucleated giant and single cells and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture medium. High amounts of viral particles were observed together with different steps of budding at the plasma membrane or at the membrane of intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The released viral particles were shown to be infectious for a permissive cell line. During the first 3 weeks of infection, the only cytopathic effect of FIV was syncytia formation. No noticeable impairment of the pattern of fenestrations and the modulation of their number by a cytoskeleton-mediated process occurred. The productive infection of SEC may contribute to the progression of the infection.
The Enzymes: Chemistry and Mechanism of Action. Volume II, Part 1
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Geoffrey Mitchell
Authors: George Enderby
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A pioneer of hypotensive anaesthesiaHale Enderby is best known for his pioneering work in hypotensive anaesthesia.This is the technique of lowering blood pressure during surgery, making operations safer and more rapid, and enabling more complicated surgery while controlling blood loss from the patient.In 1948-9 the pharmacologists Paton and Zaimis first described a range of new drugs, the methonium compounds, some of which could lower blood pressure.Hale Enderby saw that this fall in blood pressure could be used to lessen bleeding during surgery-the snag was measuring the low blood pressures.Early methods of measurement relied on using a mercury column, but the Korotkov sounds become inaudible below 60 mm Hg systolic.The pulse also becomes impalpable at that pressure.However, this was the level of blood pressure needed to reduce bleeding significantly.Hale Enderby introduced into anaesthesia the oscillometer, an older and largely forgotten method of blood pressure measurement but one that proved capable of measuring accurately these low pressures.He was also responsible for introducing the "anti-trendelenburg" or head-up tilt of the operating table to assist in the lowering of blood pressure.George Edward Hale Enderby was born in Boston, Lincolnshire.At the start of the second world war he joined the emergency medical service after being turned down for active military service because of a duodenal ulcer.He worked initially at Guy's Hospital and then at Pembury Hospital, Kent, to which many of the Guy's facilities were moved after the hospital was bombed at the start of the war.It was there that he was asked to move into anaesthesia.He organised most of his training himself by reading and visiting notable anaesthetists of the day.
Can we see more Outpatients without More Doctors?
Authors: Michelle L Hughes, Stephen J Leslie, Gordon K Mclnnes, Kathleen Mccormac, Norman R Peden
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

A reduction in the number of return patients attending general cardiology clinics, if achievable without harm, would improve access for newly referred patients. Outpatient clinic letters (525) sent to general practitioners over a threemonth period were reviewed. Simultaneously, physicians’ opinions were collected by questionnaire. A subset of 30 clinic patients who attended three local general practitioners were studied to identify how many were assessed in primary care, and how often, in a six-month period. The hospital records of these patients were reviewed to determine whether information about these visits to the general practitioner was documented in the hospital notes. From the outpatient clinics the discharge rates were only 26% and the reason for further clinic review was often not clear. The fact that many patients had no intervention or treatment change performed at the clinic (42%) indicates that patients are reviewed to assess symptom change rather than to receive further interventions. The use of fixed times for review appointment (six months or 1 year) suggests that the intervals are determined by habit rather than clinical indication. A high proportion of patients (28/30) were reviewed at least once in primary care by general practitioners between hospital clinic visits and 20/30 were seen three or more times. There was poor documentation of these consultations in the hospital case notes, and so hospital physicians may be unaware that symptoms are under regular review in primary care. This study suggests that a substantial proportion of current cardiology return outpatients do not require regular outpatient review. However, alternative management demands good communication and exchange of information between secondary and primary care, development of formal written discharge planning in outpatient letters and other forms of follow-up.
Tuberkulose und Umwelt.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatry, Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Henry H. Stonnington
Journal: JAMA (1982)

When I started practicing medicine 30 years ago, the diagnosis of cancer was generally withheld from patients, the exception being businessmen "who needed to make arrangements." Cancer at that time was virtually a death sentence, and the physician was able only to make patients comfortable. To have spoken about rehabilitation would have been ludicrous. There have been dramatic changes since, for instance, in acute lymphocytic leukemia in children. Currently, 90% survive two years, and 70% survive five years.<sup>1</sup> Thus, we have long-term survivors with psychosocial as well as physical handicaps caused both by the disease and the treatment. In those patients who are not cured there is now longer survival, with disabilities ranging from paraplegia to pathological fractures. Those patients and their families have the opportunity not only to receive assistance in coping with death-threatening situations but also the benefit of modern rehabilitative techniques. There are physical methods that
Letter: Tibial shaft fractures.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

spects.It is not always practicable, and it should be remembered that the physical attributes of a husband and wife are not always passed on to their children.It would seem more appropriate to us to match only the broad outlines of physical appearance in terms of height and stature.All of our donors are screened in terms of a series of medical and laboratory tests and are also paid at the rate of £4 for each sample of semen they provide.Most are university students and are thus assumed to be of reasonable intelligence.The couple requiring insemination are asked to make a contribution of between £5 and £10 into a research fund administered by the local treasurer under our control.This is used to pay the donors.Under normal circumstances the payment covers a woman for up to six consecutive monthly inseminations.It is our impression that the fertility potential of frozen semen is less than that of the fresh.Knowledge of the service has quickly spread and we now have a substantial wait- ing list of nearly 200 couples either under- going investigation, waiting for treatment, or having insemination.We note that various authors have reported variable chances of success.The following facts might prove interesting:Total No of couples referred ... ...
Health status and function with zidovudine or zalcitabine as initial therapy for AIDS. A randomized controlled trial. Roche 3300/ACTG 114 Study Group
Authors: S. A. Bozzette
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the functional and health status implications of prescribing zalcitabine or zidovudine for initial therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). <h3>Design.</h3> —A substudy of a randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Private and public clinics and referral centers. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, less than 0.20×10<sup>9</sup>/L (200 μL) CD4<sup>+</sup>cells, and either a history of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia or symptoms of HIV infection. Fifty-eight percent (338/668) of main study enrollees representing 90% of enrollees at participating sites were included in this substudy. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Either zalcitabine at 0.75 mg every 8 hours plus inactive capsules identical in appearance to zidovudine or zidovudine at 200 mg (later 100 mg) every 4 hours plus inactive tablets identical in appearance to zalcitabine. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Results of a periodically completed self-report survey instrument containing specific questions about symptom impact, disability, work, functioning, and utilization as well as nine health and functioning scales adapted from the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). <h3>Results.</h3> —Zalcitabine recipients were twice as likely to undergo an invasive procedure (<i>P</i>=.004) or be admitted to hospital (<i>P</i>=.01). Zalcitabine recipients reported greater than 40% more symptoms that interfered with activity (<i>P</i>=.001) and greater than 50% more disability days (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). They also had a 7% lower employment rate and a 35% lower monthly income. Average observed health status scores were lower in zalcitabine recipients overall, but especially in the early portion of the study. New methods for combining survival and health status data showed that, over 76 weeks of study, a typical zidovudine recipient spent about 4(10%) more weeks with at least the typical health state than did a typical zalcitabine recipient. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Zidovudine has substantial advantages over zalcitabine in initial monotherapy of AIDS in terms of functional outcomes such as symptom impact, disability, work, utilization, and health status. In this case, the differences in functional outcomes presaged differences in physiological and clinical measures. The inclusion of functional outcomes can greatly improve the information available from a clinical trial. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:295-301)