tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal Morbidity
Authors: K. Vaughan
Journal: BMJ (1932)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Women are under-represented in the surgical disciplines and gender bias is believed to play a factor. We aimed to understand the gender distribution of membership, leadership opportunities, and scientific contributions to annual trauma professional meetings as a case study of gender issues in trauma surgery. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective collection of membership, leadership, presentation and publication data from 2016 to 2018 Trauma/Acute Care Surgery/Surgical Critical Care (TACSCC) Annual Meetings. Gender was assigned based on self-identification in demographic information, established relationships, or public sources. <h3>Results</h3> Women remain under-represented with only 28.1% of those ascertaining American Board of Surgery certification in critical care self-identifying as female. The proportion of female members in Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) was comparable (29.4%), slightly lower for Western Trauma Association (WTA) (19.0%), and lowest for American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) (12.8%, p&lt;0.05). In contrast, AAST had the highest proportion of female participants in executive leadership (AAST 32.5%, WTA 19.0%, EAST 18.8%) and WTA the highest for committee chairs (WTA 33.3%, AAST 27.8%, EAST 20.5%). AAST had the most significant increase in executive leadership during the last 3 years (AAST 28.6% to 41.6%). Invited lectureships, masters, panelists and senior author scientific contributions demonstrated the largest gap of academic representation of female TACSCC surgeons. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fewer women than men pursue careers in the trauma field. Continuing to provide mentorship, leadership, and scientific recognition will increase gender diversity in TACSCC. We must continue to promote, sponsor, recognize, invite, and elect ‘her’. <h3>Level of evidence</h3> III, Epidemiology.
THE NEW PHARMACOPEIA
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Women use more oral steroids for asthma than men
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Tobacco will kill a third of the young men in China China now consumes a third of the world's cigarettes, and on pp 1411 and 1423 Liu et al and Niu et al report large nationwide retrospective and prospective studies of the hazards of tobacco, with closely concordant results.The pattern of disease caused by smoking varies widely from one part of China to another, and between China and the West, but the overall risk is substantial and growing.In Britain and America about half of all persistent cigarette smokers are eventually killed by tobacco, and about the same overall risks will be seen in China.Two thirds of the young men become persistent smokers, so about 100 million of the 0.3 billion Chinese men now aged 0-29 will be killed by tobacco in middle or old age.
Vitellogenesis as a Biomarker for Estrogenic Contamination of the Aquatic Environment
Authors: John P. Sumpter, Susan Jobling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A rapidly increasing number of chemicals, or their degradation products, are being recognized as possessing estrogenic activity, albeit usually weak.We have found that effluent from sewage treatment works contains a chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that induces vitellogenin synthesis in male fish maintained in the effluent, thus indicating that the effluent is estrogenic.The effect was extremely pronounced and occurred at all sewage treatment works tested.The nature of the chemical or chemicals causing the effect is presently not known.However, we have tested a number of chemicals known to be estrogenic to mammals and have shown that they are also estrogenic to fish; that is, no species specificity was apparent.Many of these weakly estrogenic chemicals are known to be present in effluents.Further, a mixture of different estrogenic chemicals was considerably more potent than each of the chemicals when tested individually, suggesting that enhanced effects could occur when fish are exposed simultaneously to various estrogenic chemicals (as is likely to occur in rivers receiving effluent).Subsequent work should determine whether exposure to these chemicals at the concentrations present in the environment leads to any deleterious physiological effects.-
Ureteral dilatation following use of oral contraceptives
Authors: S. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

IN RECENT YEARS, methods of birth control have proliferated rapidly to meet the demands of couples interested in family planning. The aim has been to develop a simple method that is completely safe, effective, and inexpensive. Thus far, the oral contraceptive, which usually contains an estrogen and a progestogen, most nearly meets these criteria and has been widely used. Two cases are presented which strongly suggest that ureteral dilatation has resulted from the use of such an oral contraceptive. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 26-year-old nulliparous woman, who had been receiving 10-mg tablets of norethindrone with mestranol (Ortho-Novum) for 14 months, had recurrent, seemingly "postcoital" cystitis, which responded readily each time to sulfonamide therapy. No tenderness at the costovertebral angle, abnormal abdominal or pelvic masses, abdominal tenderness, nor visceral enlargement was found on physical examination. Excretory urography revealed gross bilateral ureteral dilatation (Fig 1,<i>left</i>). The urine was free
Bernhard Naunyn (1839-1925) Clinician, Teacher, Scientist
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopy
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

EsophagoscopyPhysiologySanchez, Kramer and Ingelfinger78 have studied motor phenomena of the esophagus with pressure-recording apparatus and simultaneous fluoroscopy. In the upper seven eighths of the esophagus the swallowing complex consists of two major components: an immediate, slight elevation of pressure, corresponding to the injection of oral contents into the esophagus, and a later, higher pressure wave produced by peristaltic contraction of the esophageal lumen. During repeated swallowing, the peristaltic pressure wave is inhibited until after the last swallow. In the distal esophagus two different types of swallowing complexes are found. These occur in the anatomic regions labeled by Lerche . . .
International Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pollen Tetrads in the Detection of Environmental Mutagenesis
Authors: David L. Mulcahy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Although pollen viability promises to be a very sensitive indicator of environmental mutagenesis, its utility in this regard is confounded by the fact that it is influenced also by nonmutagenic environmental stress. However, with appropriately homozygous material, we may discriminate between mutagenic and nonmutagenic influences on pollen viability. Pollen inviability resulting from mutagenesis will exhibit a strong tendency to segregate, whereas stress induced inviability will not. When pollen grains are shed individually, evidence for genetic segregation is often lost, but with pollen in tetrads, this evidence, a specific indicator of environmentally induced mutation, is preserved. A further advantage of pollen in tetrads is that, again because evidence for genetic segregation is preserved, tetrads allow us to distinguish between pre- and postpachytene mutations. This capability eliminates the problem of mutant sectors whereby a single mutational event may give rise to a large number of mutant cells. Methods of examining pollen tetrads are discussed.
AUTHOR'S REPLY
Authors: G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Letters to the Editor surprisingly, reduced values were found in 11 out of 30 women, though these would have been considered normal if compared with normal ranges for female patients.We therefore find it hard to agree that diaphragmatic myopathy is the cause of the shrinking lung syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus.Dr Gibson quotes two papers which appear to suggest that patients with isolated bilateral diaphragm weakness or paralysis can develop hypercapnia or hypoventilation, but we do not believe that these contradict our paper, in which we found no evidence of chronic hypercapnia or nocturnal hypoventilation in six patients with longstanding bilateral dia- phragm paralysis who had otherwise normal lungs, respiratory muscles, and chest wall.3Most of the patients reported in Newsom Davis's original paper4 had diffuse weakness of the respiratory muscles as well as the diaphragm.The two papers quoted by Dr Gibson are case reports: in the first the patient was nursed supine but recovered fully when allowed to adopt a more upright posture.'In the second the patient had under- gone a recent thoracotomy, which is likely to have impaired rib cage and chest wall movements.6By contrast we described patients with proved bilateral diaphragm weakness who have remained otherwise well for up to 10 years.
AGAIN THE BICYCLE.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Studies with Vincristine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pleuropericardial reaction to treatment with dantrolene
Authors: M. L. Petusevsky
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Chronic pleural effusion occurred in three patients, one of whom also developed acute pericarditis. A fourth patient developed both pleural and pericardial effusions. All patients had been receiving dantrolene sodium for at least two months. The pleural fluid was a sterile exudate with pleural and peripheral blood eosinophilia in all patients. No pulmonary parenchymal involvement was apparent. Pleural biopsy specimens showed nonspecific inflammation. Resolution of the pleural process was prolonged after dantrolene therapy was discontinued. Although a causal relationship between dantrolene and serosal inflammation remains unproved, this association in four patients warrants careful observation of others receiving long-term dantrolene therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2772-2774, 1979)
Infectious Mononucleosis and its Relationship to EB Virus Antibody: A JOINT INVESTIGATION BY UNIVERSITY HEALTH PHYSICIANS AND P.H.L.S. LABORATORIES
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In October 1969 tests made on 1,457 students entering English universities and colleges showed that 57% already possessed antibody to EB virus. The students without antibody in these initial tests were retested seven months later and by then 12% had acquired antibody. In about one-third of them the acquisition of antibody was not associated with any illness. In about 20% respiratory and other illness had occurred, but these symptoms were almost equally frequent in students who had not acquired antibody. Nearly half had developed infectious mononucleosis. In students in whom the acquisition of EB virus antibody was associated with the clinical and haematological manifestations of infectious mononucleosis the Paul-Bunnell test was almost invariably positive. In contrast, when these manifestations were not associated with the acquisition of EB virus antibody the Paul-Bunnell test was always negative.Tests for cytomegalovirus antibody were also made on the students at entry. The proportion of students with this antibody was much less (30%) and only a small proportion (1.4%) of those without antibody had acquired cytomegalovirus antibody seven months later. In the only patient in whom the acquisition of cytomegalovirus antibody alone was associated with the clinical and haematological features of infectious mononucleosis the Paul-Bunnell test was negative.
Reply to Ethan B. Ludmir, Zachary R. McCaw, and Lee-Jen Wei's Letter to the Editor re: Karim Fizazi, Charles G. Drake, Tomasz M. Beer, et al. Final Analysis of the Ipilimumab Versus Placebo Following Radiotherapy Phase III Trial in Postdocetaxel Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Identifies an Excess of Long-term Survivors. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.032. Interpreting the Effect of Ipilimumab following Radiotherapy for Patients with Postdocetaxel …
Authors: M. Brent McHenry, Charles G. Drake, Karim Fizazi
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Interstitial lung disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clinical-pathological evaluation and response to treatment.
Authors: D Deheinzelin, V L Capelozzi, R A Kairalla, J V Barbas Filho, P H Saldiva, C R de Carvalho
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Interstitial disease is a recognized form of lung involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome in which frequency and severity have not yet been established. We studied 20 patients 61.2 +/- 36.4 mo after the first symptoms of the syndrome that fulfilled criteria for both xerostomia and xerophtalmia. Eighteen patients exhibited pulmonary symptoms; nine presented a restrictive functional pattern. The chest roentgenogram disclosed interstitial involvement in nine patients. Gallium-67 lung scan presented hypercaptation in 15 of 19 patients studied. Thirteen patients who submitted to bronchoalveolar lavage presented higher cell counts with increases of lymphocytes and/or polymorphonuclear cells. All patients had abnormal results in at least one of the above. Lung biopsy, undertaken in 12 patients, showed a whole spectrum of interstitial disease, from a follicular bronchiolitis to a lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and finally fibrosis with honeycombing. One patient presented with associated sarcoid granulomas. We treated 11 patients with an azathioprine-based regimen and found a significant improvement in the forced vital capacity (p < 0.05) after at least 6 mo when compared with nontreated patients. We conclude that the frequency of interstitial lung disease is high in Sjögren's syndrome and that an azathioprine-based treatment can favorably change the outcome in this population.
More on International Cancer Congress
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A follow-up study of the community near the McColl waste disposal site.
Authors: J A Lipscomb, L R Goldman, K P Satin, D F Smith, W A Vance, R R Neutra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

To assess the effect of interim clean-up measures on the current health of a community, we conducted a follow-up survey of 193 residents living near the McColl waste disposal site and a comparison area located approximately 5 miles from the site. Results from this survey were compared with results from a similar survey conducted 7 years earlier. Odors were detected at least once per week by 32.7% of "high-exposed" respondents in 1988 compared with 68.5% in 1981, but prevalence odds ratios (PORs) comparing symptom reporting between "high-exposed" and comparison-area respondents were greater than that of the 1981 survey for 89% of symptoms. PORs comparing symptom reporting between these two areas were greater than 2.0 for 64% of symptoms assessed in the current survey. Symptoms reported in excess did not represent a single organ system or suggest a mechanism of response. PORs comparing respondents who were very worried about the environment and those reporting no worry were greater than 2.0 for 86% of symptoms. These finding, along with environmental data from the area, suggest that living near the waste disposal site and being very worried about the environment, rather than a toxicologic effect of chemical from the site, explain excess symptom reporting found in this follow-up study.
Electrical Self-Stimulation of the Brain: A Model for the Behavioral Evaluation of Toxic Agents
Authors: Zoltan Annau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Rats implanted chronically with electrodes in the posterior lateral hypothalamus were trained to press levers in order to stimulate the brain electrically. Brief exposures to low oxygen concentrations reduced the lever pressing rate proportionately with the reduction in inspired oxygen. Similar reductions in self-stimulation rates could be observed in animals exposed to carbon monoxide or the organic solvent, trichloroethylene. Prolonged exposures of animals to hypoxia in chambers where self-stimulation rates as well as food and water intake via lever pressing were monitored, indicated that as oxygen concentration declined self-stimulation rates showed a marked increase for 12 hr followed by a decline. Food and water intake were depressed. This increase in self-stimulation was only observed at low (20 degrees C) ambient temperatures and was accompanied by central depletion of norepinephine. At high (30 degrees C) ambient temperatures, self-stimulation was depressed by hypoxia. The data show the importance of comparing acute with chronic exposure to toxic agents, as well as the influence of environmental temperature in influencing behavioral events. In addition, the data indicate that the self-stimulation technique offers unique advantages over behavior maintained by food or water reinforcers in evaluating toxic compounds.