tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determination of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum using the polymerase chain reaction: Clinical significance and correlation with serological and biochemical markers
Authors: B Baker
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Sera from 98 patients with various stages of chronic hepatitis B virus infection were studied to determine the clinical significance of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Patients were divided into three groups according to their HBsAg and HBeAg status. Group I (n = 31) had detectable HBsAg and HBeAg, group II (n = 46) had HBsAg but not HBeAg and group III (n = 21) consisted of patients who were once chronic hepatitis B virus carriers but had lost HBsAg during follow-up. Group I patients usually had significant liver disease (raised serum aminotransferases), had higher titers of HBsAg and had been infected with hepatitis B virus for a shorter period than patients in the other two groups. All patients in group I had hepatitis B virus DNA detectable by polymerase chain reaction and 94% had sufficient hepatitis B virus DNA present for detection by dot-blot hybridization. Group II patients had lower mean serum aminotransferase activities and titers of HBsAg than those in group I. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA was detectable by polymerase chain reaction in 78% but in only 30% of group II patients by dot-blot hybridization. Group II patients who did not have hepatitis B virus DNA detectable by polymerase chain reaction had mean serum aminotransferase levels within the normal range and had a younger mean age than those with hepatitis B virus DNA. Group III patients generally had no evidence of active liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detection of heaptitis-associated antigen and anti-HAA. Comparison of radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Authors: E. J. Hacker
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) is compared to counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CEP) in detection of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) and antibody in healthy adults, volunteer blood donors, and patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Three hundred twentysix sera were screened. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis failed to demonstrate HAA in any of the 100 control subjects and 105 volunteer donors, whereas RIA revealed a 1% and 2% incidence, respectively. In the same two groups, RIA demonstrated a 10% and 21% incidence of anti-HAA; only one of these subjects had anti-HAA by CEP. Radioimmunoassay approximately doubled the rate of detection of antigen in parenterally transmitted, sporadic, and chronic active hepatitis. Hepatitis-associated antigen, when found in chronic persistent hepatitis, was present in large amounts and detectable by both techniques.
Practical Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Palliative irradiation
Authors: L. W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During the last decade, advances in radiotherapy have extended the possibilities of treatment of carcinoma of the bladder. Supervoltage and megavoltage modalities now offer means to deal with more advanced tumors with radiation dosages that could not ordinarily be delivered by orthovoltage techniques. These improved methods of treatment allow better dosage distribution within the volume being irradiated with reduction in the severity of the immediate reactions. Patients with locally advanced cancers of the bladder limited to the pelvis (stage D1) deserve a careful attempt at definitive or curative radiation therapy. The best candidates are those patients who are in good general condition, whose bladder capacity is greater than 100 ml, or whose bladder function is not seriously impaired and who have no urethral obstruction. Treatment should be carried out with proper attention to local bladder anesthetics and control of urinary frequency and dysuria which might interfere with sleep and systemic
Swine influenza surveillance, Wisconsin agricultural fairs, 1989 and 1990
Authors: L. Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We disagree with Dr Goldstein's interpretation of our report regarding plasma cholesterol and mortality in the Whitehall Study.<sup>1</sup>As we discussed, the increased noncardiovascular disease mortality among the men with low plasma cholesterol levels is likely to be due to two factors: (1) the illness existing at the time of screening is associated with low plasma cholesterol, and (2) the sociodemographic correlates of low plasma cholesterol are themselves associated with elevated mortality risk. A recent analysis of coronary heart disease primary prevention trials<sup>2</sup>suggests that drug, but not dietary, lowering of plasma cholesterol is associated with increased noncardiovascular disease mortality. Thus, the cholesterol lowering itself is unlikely to be the culprit. Considerably more attention should be paid to the possibility that cholesterol-lowering drugs increase noncardiovascular disease mortality, however.
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Background:</b> The provision of nutritional support for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) varies widely both within and between institutions. We tested the hypothesis that evidence-based algorithms to improve nutritional support in the ICU would improve patient outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> A cluster-randomized controlled trial was performed in the ICUs of 11 community and 3 teaching hospitals between October 1997 and September 1998. Hospital ICUs were stratified by hospital type and randomized to the intervention or control arm. Patients at least 16 years of age with an expected ICU stay of at least 48 hours were enrolled in the study (<i>n</i> = 499). Evidence-based recommendations were introduced in the 7 intervention hospitals by means of in-service education sessions, reminders (local dietitian, posters) and academic detailing that stressed early institution of nutritional support, preferably enteral. <b>Results:</b> Two hospitals crossed over and were excluded from the primary analysis. Compared with the patients in the control hospitals (<i>n</i> = 214), the patients in the intervention hospitals (<i>n</i> = 248) received significantly more days of enteral nutrition (6.7 v. 5.4 per 10 patient-days; <i>p</i> = 0.042), had a significantly shorter mean stay in hospital (25 v. 35 days; <i>p</i> = 0.003) and showed a trend toward reduced mortality (27% v. 37%; <i>p</i> = 0.058). The mean stay in the ICU did not differ between the control and intervention groups (10.9 v. 11.8 days; <i>p</i> = 0.7). <b>Interpretation:</b> Implementation of evidence-based recommendations improved the provision of nutritional support and was associated with improved clinical outcomes.
Overdiagnosing hypertension.
Authors: E. O'Brien, K. O'Malley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Overdiagnosing hypertension. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Does ciprofloxacin alter survival and hepatic regeneration in the D-galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) model? . Liver Diseases Unit, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

How different cell death modes and cell survival pathways cross talk remains elusive. We determined the interrelation of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/actinomycin D (ActD) and lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. We found that TNF-α/ActD-induced apoptosis was completely blocked by a general caspase inhibitor ZVAD-fmk at 24 hours but hepatocytes still died by necrosis at 48 hours. Inhibition of caspases also protected mice against lipopolysaccharide/GalN-induced apoptosis and liver injury at the early time point, but this protection was diminished after prolonged treatment by switching apoptosis to necrosis. Inhibition of receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP)1 by necrostatin 1 partially inhibited TNF-α/ZVAD-induced necrosis in primary hepatocytes. Pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy or genetic deletion of Atg5 in hepatocytes did not protect against TNF-α/ActD/ZVAD-induced necrosis. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of RIP1 or genetic deletion of RIP3 failed to protect and even exacerbated liver injury after mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide/GalN and a pan-caspase inhibitor. In conclusion, our results suggest that different cell death mode and cell survival pathways are closely integrated during TNF-α–induced liver injury when both caspases and NF-κB are blocked. Moreover, results from our study also raised concerns about the safety of currently ongoing clinical trials that use caspase inhibitors.
Reassessment of Antithyroid Drug Therapy of Graves' Disease
Authors: U Feldt-Rasmussen
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Bioavailability of Soil-Adsorbed Cadmium in Orally Exposed Male Rats
Authors: Pauline A. E. L. Schilderman, Edwin J. C. Moonen, Pascal Kempkers, Jos C. S. Kleinjans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

During the last few decades, the industrial production and use of Cd resulted in the release of significant quantities of Cd into the environment. Concern about health risks of human exposure to this toxic metal, which may be contained in soil and other environmental compartments, has increased significantly in recent years. Soil ingestion is a potentially important pathway of exposure to soil-absorbed environmental contaminants, especially for young children exhibiting hand-to-mouth behavior. Health risk assessments are usually based on unchanged bioavailability of soil-absorbed pollutants, e.g., heavy metals, neglecting interactions of metals with the soil matrix, which may lead to relatively lower bioavailability. This study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cd absorbed to soil in rats. Eight-week-old male Lewis rats were given either a soil polluted with CdCl2 (150 micrograms Cd/rat) dissolved in 5% gun acacia or an equal amount of Cd as CdCl2 dissolved in saline. Control rats were gavaged with isotonic saline. Cd concentrations in liver, kidney, brain, heart, and blood, as well as Cd content of urine and feces were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Tissue Cd concentrations in soil-treated animals were significantly lower than the tissue concentrations in the Cd-saline group; in the liver and kidneys of the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups, 4 and 2.7% respectively, of the original doses were recovered. Relative bioavailability, calculated on the basis of blood Cd levels for the Cd-soil group as compared to the Cd-saline group, appeared to be 43%. No differences in the excretion pattern of Cd into feces were observed between the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups. After 6 days, over 91% of the original dose was recovered in the feces of both Cd-treated groups. Cd excretion via urine was very low, but in the Cd-soil group a significant increase in urinary Cd was observed as compared to the control group. However, the amount of Cd excreted into urine of the Cd-soil group during the experimental period corresponded to only 0.01% of the original dose. In the Cd-saline group, no additional Cd was excreted into urine as compared to the control group. These results indicate that the soil matrix significantly reduced the absorption of Cd in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, exposure assessment models, assuming an unaffected bioavailability of soil-absorbed Cd, overestimate the internal dose and thereby overestimate health risks associated with direct ingestion of soil particles.
HURLER-HUNTER PHENOTYPES
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Method for the Analysis of Cohort Studies: Implications of the Multistage Theory of Carcinogenesis Applied to Occupational Arsenic Exposure
Authors: Charles C. Brown, Kenneth C. Chu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Implications of the multistage theory of carcinogenesis for evaluating the effect of exposure to carcinogens in the workplace are described. This theory predicts different patterns of excess risk related to duration of exposure, age at initial exposure, and follow-up time since exposure stopped, depending upon which stage of the carcinogenic process is affected by the carcinogen, i.e., action at an early stage or a late stage. New statistical methodologies are proposed to examine these patterns and are applied to the lung cancer mortality experience from a cohort study of smelter workers exposed to arsenic. Under this multistage hypothesis, the results indicate that arsenic exerts a definite late stage effect though an additional effect at the initial stage cannot be ruled out. The possibilities of biased conclusions resulting from incomplete exposure histories and lack of smoking information are also discussed as well as implications of these results to experimental animal studies.
Characteristics of Sabin Type I Poliovirus After Gastrointestinal Passage in Newborn Infants: I. Monkey Neurovirulence and Temperature Marker Findings
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinicopathologic features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an <i>NTRK</i> gene fusion.
Authors: Anna F. Farago, Martin S Taylor, Robert Charles Doebele, Alexander I. Spira, Theresa A Boyle, Eric B. Haura, Roxana S. Azimi, Alice Tsang Shaw, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Alexander E. Drilon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

11580 Background: Gene fusions involving NTRK1/2/3 can generate oncoproteins containing the kinase domains of TRKA/B/C, respectively. Inhibition of TRK signaling has led to dramatic responses across tumor types with NTRK fusions. An estimated 0.1 – 1% of NSCLCs harbor NTRK fusions. To date, clinical and radiographic responses to TRK inhibitors have been reported for 2 NTRK fusion-positive NSCLCs (Farago et al., 2015; Hong et al., 2016). Despite the potential benefit of identifying these fusions, the clinicopathologic features of NTRK fusion NSCLCs are not well characterized. Methods: Physicians across multiple institutions contributed deidentified cases to an NTRK fusion NSCLC database. A central pathologist (M.M.) reviewed tumor histology in cases with available tissue. Results: 10 NSCLC cases with NTRK gene fusions were identified. Of these, TRK kinase domain-containing potentially activating fusions were verified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 7, forming the study cohort. Fusions involved NTRK1 (6) and NTRK3 (1) with 6 different partners. Four (57%) patients were male. Median age at diagnosis was 47.6 years (range 27.9 – 86.0). The average smoking pack year history was 8.9 (range 0 to 30). Five (71%) presented with metastatic disease. No concurrent alterations in KRAS, EGFR, ALK, ROS1, or other known drivers were identified in the study cohort cases. On pathologic review of 4 cases, all were adenocarcinoma, including 2 invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas and 1 adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine features. Of the 3 remaining non-study cohort cases, 1 was a non-kinase domain-containing NTRK1 fusion with a concurrent KRAS G12C mutation, 1 was an NTRK2 intragenic deletion disrupting the exon 18 3’ splice site, and 1 was an NTRK1 alteration detected by FISH but not verified by NGS and with a concurrent HER2 L755P mutation. Conclusions: NTRK fusions occur in both men and women across wide ranges in age and smoking history. We therefore suggest that all NSCLC adenocarcinomas without other oncogenic driver alterations be screened for NTRK fusions. Notably, not all NTRK alterations are activating, requiring validation of the specific position of the fusion.
VITAMINS—GOOD OR BAD
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ROENTGEN RAYS IN THERAPEUTICS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Short Notes of the Opinions and Practice of the Late John Pearson, Esq., F.R.S., on Syphilitic Disease
Authors: W. S. Oke
Journal: BMJ (1848)

NOTES 0 SYPHILlC DISEAES.into, fthough they were " mAtteks immediately and nearly doncerninD humau health, human happiness, and human life."We can but feel astonishment tbat infant homeopathy should be so gently dealt with, while aged practical medicine is laden with all the errors and infirmities, and ignorance, and thoughtless- ness of many of its professors.We do think that it would have been far kinder in Dr. Forbes, had be endeavoured to treat the disorders of his brethren allopathitally, and not exposed them to the cruel gaze and scorn of niankind.Our author appears to rely much upon the reports of certain hospitals with regard to homneopathic treat- ment.We must confess our want of reliance upon statisticaltables at any time; we are well aware that by a- little clever tact in this confection, and by arranging one disease under the name of another, and by first taking up a prejudiced opinion, which the tables are to support by their results, statistical tables may be made to speak anything, and therefore must be considered more in the light of an exponent of the opinions of the investigator, than as a sure record of facts, and can only be valued in this scale.And if so, their value will be very small, when we consider the tendency of the human mind to imbibe prejudice, and its love of success, and its strong selfish desire to support its own riews, that however much we may feel inclined to allow the principle that every system must be judged by its practical efficiency, we cannot admit the still furtherconclusion that statistical tables are an exponent