tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air Pollution and Retained Particles in the Lung
Authors: Michael Brauer, Carmen Avila-Casado, Teresa I. Fortoul, Sverre Vedal, Bonnie Stevens, Andrew Churg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Epidemiologic evidence associates particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations and the relationship between ambient levels and retained particles in the lung remain uncertain. We examined the parenchymal particle content of 11 autopsy lungs from never-smoking female residents of Mexico City, a region with high ambient particle levels [3-year mean PM(10) (particulate matter < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter)= 66 microg/m(3)], and 11 control residents of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a region with relatively low levels (3-year mean PM(10) = 14 microg/m(3). Autopsy lungs were dissolved in bleach and particles were identified and counted by analytical electron microscopy. Total particle concentrations in the Mexico City lungs were significantly higher [geometric mean = 2,055 (geometric SD = 3.9) x 10(6) particles/g dry lung vs. 279 (1.8) x 10(6) particles/g dry lung] than in lungs from Vancouver residents. Lungs from Mexico City contained numerous chain-aggregated masses of ultrafine carbonaceous spheres, some of which contained sulfur, and aggregates of ultrafine aluminum silicate. These aggregates made up an average of 25% of the total particles by count in the lungs from Mexico City, but were only rarely seen in lungs from Vancouver. These observations indicate for the first time that residence in a region with high levels of ambient particles results in pulmonary retention of large quantities of fine and ultrafine particle aggregates, some of which appear to be combustion products.
Hearings focus on cancer prevention among poor
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

BEGINNING NEXT MONTH, the American Cancer Society will conduct seven regional hearings on cancer prevalence among the poor. Then, says the society's president, Harold P. Freeman, MD, the data that are collected will be made public in a mid-July report to Congress, other federal policymakers, and "the staffs of agencies serving the poor." Speaking in Irvine, Calif, at the society's 31st Science Writers' Seminar, Freeman noted that "the chance of getting cancer, and of dying from it, is disproportionately higher among poor Americans, regardless of race." He cited a 1986 report of the society's Subcommittee on Cancer in the Economically Disadvantaged that said nearly 34 million Americans below the poverty level—23 million white, 9.5 million black, and 1.2 million of other races— have a relative survival rate of 10% to 15% below the American overall survival rate. Freeman, who is director of surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, NY, said:
Fever and infection in spinal cord injury patients
Authors: B. Sugarman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fever, infection, or both occurred at some time during hospitalization in 67% of patients on a referral spinal cord injury service. A single cause of fever was generally found, with urinary tract and soft-tissue infections predominating; these responded well to appropriate management. In contrast, spinal cord injury patients on other services seen in consultation by the infectious disease service had far more complicated and advanced disease. Multiple infections were diagnosed in the majority of these patients, with urinary tract and decubitus ulcers predominating. Complicating osteomyelitis was present in more than half of those who had infected decubitus ulcers. In both groups of patients, diagnosis required careful attention to physical and laboratory examination because multiple potentially infected areas could be identified and because usual symptoms were sometimes masked by altered sensation. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:66-70)
Surgical vs Nonsurgical Jaundice
Authors: Robert A. Nordyke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The distinction between surgical and nonsurgical jaundice has been hindered by lack of a reliable test for biliary tract obstruction or patency. To meet this need, a method was devised which uses rose bengal I 131 and external body monitoring to determine whether dye flows through the biliary tract into the intestine. Simultaneously, liver function was estimated by a rose bengal I 131 blood disappearance rate. Among 181 jaundiced patients, three results were nearly diagnostic: the combination of "good" liver function and complete biliary tract obstruction (surgical), "poor" liver function alone (nonsurgical), and a patent biliary tract (nonsurgical). The most useful result was the correct classification of difficult nonsurgical patients by the demonstration of biliary tract patency. Among nonsurgical patients having biochemical tests which were either indeterminate or wrong, 80% were correctly classified by this finding.
Wording and Data Errors in the Text and Table
Authors: J Powell
Journal: JAMA (2015)

The edoxaban analysis cited 3 does not rule out the possibility that therapeutic drug monitoring could further improve efficacy and safety over current dosing recommendations using demographic characteristics.Furthermore, unlike the analyses performed by Boehringer Ingelheim for dabigatran 1 and the FDA for edoxaban, 4 the analysis of drug concentration effect includes neither renal function nor age as a covariate.This is a significant deficiency.Dosing guidelines need to be constructed for patients with a variety of characteristics (eg, large and small, younger and older, with high or low glomerular filtration rate, with or without interacting drugs, or with any combination of these characteristics) so that DOACs can be optimally safe and effective for all patients.
THE MANAGEMENT OF FRACTURES INVOLVING THE PARANASAL SINUSES
Authors: JOHN J. SHEA
Journal: JAMA (1942)

When a fracture of the facial bones extends into the paranasal sinuses, its management is similar to the surgical procedure followed in radical sinus surgery. In fact the most common complication of these fractures is sinusitis. The basis of treatment is the drainage of the injured sinus and the replacement of the bony fragments to correct the facial deformities, thus obtaining a symmetrical orbit and a satisfactory bite. The ever increasing speed at which man now travels has multiplied the number of instances of fractures of the face, and whenever a paranasal sinus is entered the rhinologist should share the responsibility of its management. These fractures are seldom single and frequently are associated with cranial insults. The general condition of the patient determines the correct time to reduce these fractures. When the injured sinus wall forms a part of the cranial vault, the presence of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is of importance.
Marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: methotrexate alone compared with a combination of methotrexate and cyclosporine for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: R Storb, HJ Deeg, V Farewell, K Doney, F Appelbaum, P Beatty, W Bensinger, CD Buckner, R Clift, J Hansen
Journal: Blood (1986)
Conservative management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ectopic gastrin production by an ovarian cystadenoma
Authors: T. T. Long
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Techniques for evaluating ectopic gastrin production associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are described. The site of gastrin production in this example was a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary confirmed by immunoperoxidase localization of gastrin within the ovarian tumor cells and by radioimmunoassay of the tumor's gastrin content. These methods, localizing the source of ectopic gastrin, permitted conservative management of the ulcer diathesis with surgical resection of the mucinous cystadenoma. After oophorectomy the patient's serum gastrin level returned to normal, and the ulcer diathesis ceased. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1837-1839, 1980)
'User Friendly' Reporting of Problems with Medications and Medical Devices
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Decision Making: Broadening the Responsibilities of Practitioners
Authors: Steven E. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was saddened to read the article entitled "Broadening the Responsibilities of Practitioners: The Team Approach" in the April 14,1993,<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>I would have been amused if this had been presented for April 1, but considering that it appears not to be a joke, my dismay would only be heightened if "DME" (David M. Eddy) were replaced with "Big Brother." The ability of the author to twist logic and truth with emotion to distort reality is amazing; I would refer readers to<i>The Children's Story</i>by James Clavell for a further elucidation of this process.<sup>2</sup> The radiologist is correct in trusting his gut feeling, he's just not sure why. The fallacy here is that in using HOCAs, 40 patients who otherwise would not be subject to "severe nonfatal reactions" will be harmed by the system. These are the equivalent of medical hostages, sacrificed so that
Estradiol-Type Activity of Coumestrol in Mature and Immature Ovariectomized Rat Uterotrophic Assays
Authors: Helen Tinwell, Anthony R. Soames, John R. Foster, John Ashby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Makaverich et al. [Environ Health Perspect 103:574-581 (1995)] reported that the uterotrophic activity of the phytoestrogen coumestrol in the immature ovariectomized rat was atypical in that it was not associated with increased uterine hyperplasia and DNA content. We previously reported that coumestrol gave a typical estradiol-type uterotrophic response in the immature intact rat, yielding increases in uterine epithelial cell height, glandular formation, cell labeling, and DNA content. These papers did not answer the question of whether there is a basic difference between the ovariectomized and the intact rat uterotrophic assays. In this paper, we report that coumestrol gives a typical estradiol-type uterotrophic response in uterotrophic assays using immature intact, immature ovariectomized, and mature ovariectomized rats. We concluded that the uterotrophic activity of coumestrol is typical of the natural estrogen estradiol.
A randomized phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy with oral fluoropyrimidine inhibitory for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase for low rectal cancer: An interim report.
Authors: M. Nishioka, M. Shimada, T. Utsunomiya, N. Kurita, T. Iwata, S. Morimoto, K. Yoshikawa, J. Higashijima, T. Miyatani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14063 Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been widely used to improve local control of disease and to preserve anal sphincter in the treatment of rectal cancer. However, the response to CRT differs among individual tumors. In 2008 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, we reported that the patients with up-regulation of 17 genes were suggested to be good responder of CRT. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of CRT using UFT versus S-1 and explore biomarkers for response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: Fifty patients who received preoperative CRT (40Gy radiotherapy) were randomly assigned to either UFT or S-1. UFT and S-1 were administered during the radiotherapy course. S-1 was a novel oral fluoropyrimidine inhibitory for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and had potent radiosensitizing property. Biopsy specimens were obtained from rectal cancer before preoperative CRT and were analyzed by focused DNA microarray (132 genes). Response to CRT was determined by RECIST and histopathologic examination (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) of surgically resected specimens and classified as responders (CR, PR and grade 2, 3) or nonresponders (SD, PD and grade 0, 1). Results: UFT group (n = 25) and S-1 group (n = 25) were enrolled. Response rate (grade 2 or 3) to CRT determined by histopathologic examination of surgically resected specimens was 58% in the UFT group and was 75% in the S-1 group. Response rate evaluated by RECIST criteria was 62% in the UFT group and was 77% in the S-1 group. National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade 2 or 3 toxicity was observed in 8% of the patients in the UFT group and 23% of patients in the S-1 group. Grade 2 or 3 toxicity in the UFT group was neutropenia and was diarrhea, neutropenia and dermatitis in the S-1 group. In ASCO 2010, we will report each candidate biomarker genes for response to CRT in the UFT and S-1 group. Conclusions: The results have suggested that CRT using UFT or S-1 is feasible and effective for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prostaglandins Evoke a Whole Variety of Responses in the Lung
Authors: Philip J. Kadowitz, Ernst W. Spannhake, Albert L. Hyman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Rapid intravenous (IV) injections of the prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid (AA) increase pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in a variety of species. It has recently been reported that infusions of AA decrease PAP. The purpose of this report is to contrast responses to bolus injections and infusions of AA in the anesthetized dog. In all experiments rapid IV injections of AA increased PAP and PVR; however, infusions of 68 to 680 microgram/min produced variable responses. In 10 of 19 animals, AA infusion decreased PAP and PVR, and this response was enhanced when pulmonary vascular tone was actively increased by vasoconstrictor agents or alveolar hypoxia. In the other nine animals, the predominant response was an increase in PAP and PVR. In all experiments infusions of larger amounts of AA (1.4 to 3.4 mg/min) increased PAP. Both pressor and depressor responses to AA were inhibited to meclofenamate. This study shows that infusion of small amounts of AA dilates or constricts the pulmonary vascular bed. In contrast, infusion of larger amounts of AA always causes vasoconstriction. These data suggest that at low infusion rate, PGI2, which is a vasodilator, is the predominant metabolite formed from AA in some animals. However, at higher concentrations, the production of constrictor products predominates. These experiments also suggest that the products formed and the response observed may be dependent on a number of factors including the amount of tone present in the pulmonary vascular bed.
Clinical Calculations
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The thyroid cork. Obstruction of the thoracic inlet due to retroclavicular goiter
Authors: M. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Obstruction of the thoracic inlet may be caused by retroclavicular entrapment of a large benign goiter. Flexion of the neck or elevation of the arms may wedge the goiter, much as a cork is inserted into the neck of a bottle, and lead to facial plethora, bulging neck veins, hoarseness, and respiratory embarrassment. Graves disease, autonomous adenoma, Hashimoto thyroiditis, endemic goiter, nodular goiter, or hemorrhage may be responsible. Hyperextending the neck and lowering the arms may offer temporary relief, but surgery may be required to reestablish a patent airway.
TROPICAL AUSTRALIA
Authors: J. W. Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1928)

TMEDICAL JTt _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~M DCLJUAl insuranice scheme are represented.Persons who are niot meiiibers of the scheme, so far as accomm6dation permiiits, miiay be received as prii-ate war(d patients at a clharge of £4 a wcek; this does nlot ineluidte medical attendal(ce which will be arranged by the patienits themselves, bu-t its cost miiust niot exceed fifte'en guineas.Tlhe admisission of non-miembers is suibject to the coniditionls regardinig income limits and preliminary conisultationi whiehl apply to nmembers.Simultaneously with the inauguration of the
Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in Korean breast cancer patients and the in vitro growth inhibitory effect of celecoxib in breast cancer cells
Authors: S.-A. Im, D. Y. Kim, E. Nam, Y.-H. Joo, K. E. Lee, B.-I. Moon, S. H. Sung, H.-Y. Park, S. N. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9715 Background: Epidemiologic studies indicated that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs can reduce the risk of breast cancer, possibly via cyclooxygenase(COX) inhibition. The growth factor-inducible COX-2, which is overexpressed in neoplastic tissue, is attractive target of cancer treatment. Methods: We evaluated the relationships between COX-2 overexpression, Her-2/neu overexpression, and clinicopathological features in 112 Korean breast cancer patients. Protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemical stain in paraffin embedded tissues using monoclonal antibody for COX-2 and Her-2/neu. To explore the role of selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and humanized anti-Her-2/neu monoclonal antibody trastuzumab in vitro, MTT assay of the breast cancer cells which have different expression levels of the COX-2 and Her-2/neu protein (MCF 7, COX-2 -, Her-2/neu -; MCF 7/H18, COX-2 -, Her-2/neu +; SKBR-3, COX-2 weak +, Her-2/neu +) were studied and a cell cycle analysis was performed. Results: Increased COX-2 expression was observed in 78.6% of breast cancer tissues. Increased COX-2 expression correlated positively with lymph node metastasis (p=0.001) and Her-2/neu overexpression (p=0.001). Celecoxib induced a G1 arrest and reduced cell survival independent of whether or not the cells expressed COX-2. Apoptosis was increased in the tumor cells in response to celecoxib. Celecoxib and trastuzumab showed additive effect in growth inhibition of Her-2/neu overexpressed SKBR-3. Conclusions: Taken together, COX-2 overexpression occurs frequently in breast cancer patients and increased COX-2 expression is related with cancer progression. Furthermore, in vitro data indicate that the growth inhibitory effects of celecoxib probably are mediated through COX-2 independent mechanisms. Our results open up the possibility to consider COX-2 as an therapeutic target in breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Making peer review more productive
Authors: H. M. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

PEER REVIEW is the time-honored approach to the assurance of quality medical care. As pressure for the accountability of the medical profession has increased, participation in peer-review activities has often been characterized by physicians and hospital managers as a burden and a time commitment that is less than productive. However, it is a time commitment that physicians and hospitals will most likely be unable to avoid regardless of legislative or other changes. More importantly, effective peer review requires systematic clinical judgments that only physicians can provide. Insights drawn from information system theory might improve the peer-review process, thereby using the time invested more effectively. The burdensome aspects of peer review are the result of two forces. The first is the medical profession's tradition of autonomy and confidentiality in peer review. This tradition has resulted in private committee discussions and frequent recommendations for actions to department chairmen or medical boards. The
Journal of Trauma, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
For "Could," Read "Cannot."
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal