tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European Perspectives
Journal: Circulation (2006)

T he collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe in 1989 was momentous, says Dr Widimsky.It not only liberated nations from central Soviet control, but also enabled the free flow of information, personnel, and capital from West to East and vice versa.But despite the significant political change and a general economic upturn postcommunism, Dr Widimsky recognises clear differences that remain in medical practice between Eastern and Western Europe.Dr Widimsky, who was appointed professor of medicine by Czech President Václav Havel, is at the head of the busiest cardiology centre in the Czech Republic in terms of admissions.It receives 6000 to 7000 patients per year and is staffed by 65 physicians, including 18 cardiologists and 4 cardiac surgeons.The differences that exist between the old Eastern bloc and the West are entirely down to funding, according to Dr Widimsky.He says, "There is a clear East-to-West gradient.But the boundary of what is now 'East' is shifting -15 years ago it was Czechoslovakia, but today the Czech Republic and a few other countries like Slovenia have already reached Western standards in medicine.Thus the underdeveloped East is shrinking."In 1989, says Dr Widimsky, the differences in cardiology practices between East and West were "huge."For example, cheap drugs such as long-acting nitrates were sometimes difficult to come by, and in the late 1980s, streptokinase, a cheap drug manufactured in East Germany, was available for only a few patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Only a handful of people (around 25 cases per hospital per year) benefited from procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.
Message from the Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Patrick Y. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Neuro-Oncology remains the leading journal in the field with a readership in over 170 countries and submissions from over 50 countries.This year the impact factor rose to 7.371, the highest ever.We are grateful to all the authors who submitted the outstanding papers that made this possible.Our submissions have increased by approximately 15% this year and are on target to reach well over 800 articles, and the number of online downloads have again increased significantly over the past 12 months by 40%.In previous years approximately 20% of original papers were accepted.This decreased slightly over the past year and will continue to decline to about 15% in the future.As in the previous year, approximately 40-50% of papers that are unlikely to be accepted are declined without review.Many of these papers are of interest, but this policy allows authors to submit to other journals without unnecessary delay.The average time to first decision overall is currently 15.6 days, and the average time to first decision for papers sent out for review is approximately 4 weeks.We are continuing to work to try to eventually reduce this time to our goal of 3 weeks.
Medical information bureau
Authors: P. S. Entmacher
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The Medical Information Bureau (MIB) is a nonprofit trade association with approximately 700 life insurance companies as members in the United States and Canada. A computer bank that contains primarily medical information is maintained by the MIB. Safeguards are taken to assure confidentiality, and there is no linkage with other computer banks. Information is submitted to the MIB only after the individuals involved give authorization, and they have access to their records and can make corrections if necessary. Dissemination of computer information is made only to member companies when they have a bona fide application or claim and then only with the consent of the person involved. Medical directors of member companies have the primary responsibility for maintaining integrity and seeing that their companies adhere to the rules of the MIB. (<i>JAMA</i>233:1370-1372, 1975)
Reply
Authors: Alan S. Perelson, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Jennifer E. Layden-Almer, Thomas J. Layden
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Lake-Bakaar and Frost state it might be preferable to characterize viral kinetics using statistical rather than dynamic models based on biological assumptions.The model-driven approach using idealized assumptions has been enormously successful in physics.Similarly, our approach to HCV dynamics, while idealized, has successfully been used to understand basic biological processes that occur during HCV 1-7 and other infections. 8he models to date are based on the basic idea that a population of target cells exist, which are infected by HCV at constant rate ␤.We assume infected cells produce virus at constant rate, p, die at constant rate ␦ per cell, and that free virions are cleared at constant rate c per virion. 1 Analyzing the effects of daily high-dose interferon (IFN) on HCV RNA levels led us to postulate that IFN reduces the rate of virion production in a dose-dependent manner.We thus introduced a parameter, ⑀, the effectiveness of therapy in reducing virion production.
RADIOBIOLOGY
Authors: M. Artesi, J. Kroonen, M. Deprez, M. Bredel, A. Chakravarti, C. Poulet, T. Seute, B. Rogister, V. Bours, P. Robe, S.-C. Liu, S. Chernikova, M. Merchant, T. Jang, S. Zollner, A. Kruschinski, G.-o. Ahn, L. Recht, M. Brown, E. C.-J. Moyal, C. Delmas, M. Taurand, S. Mazoyer, M. Farge, C. Toulas, S. Rao, C. Thompson, J. Cheng, A. Haimovitz-Friedman, Z. Fuks, R. Kolesnick, Q. Wen, L. Jalilian, E. Essock-Burns, Y. Li, S. Cha, S. Chang, M. Prados, N. Butowski, S. Nelson, C. Ke, K. Tran, A. T. Di Donato, N. Ru, M. E. Linskey, C. Limoli, Y.-H. Zhou
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Connexins appear as key players in the control of tumor cell proliferation.Normal astrocytes express the transmembrane protein connexin30, but we report here that a Cx30 gene (GJB6) deletion occurs in approximately 30% of human glioblastomas and that Cx30 protein expression is lost in approximately one third of the tumors in a personal cohort of 230 glioblastoma samples.Restoration of Cx30 in U87 glioma cell lines and in glioma primary cultures, effectively retards cell proliferation in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.This correlates with a decrease in TCF, CK2 and NFkappaB activity and reduced expression of cell cycle control proteins such as cyclin D1, P27, P21 and c-myc.In patient biopsies, Cx30 expression was found in tumor regions displaying a lower Ki-67 proliferative index.In contrast however, in our cohort of malignant glioma patients as well as in a second, independent cohort, Cx30 expression inversely correlated with survival.Here, we demonstrate its role in mediating cell survival and a hypermetabolic state after radiation treatment in human glioma cells.Mechanistically, a HSP90-dependent translocation of Cx30 into mitochondria occurs after radiation treatment.The inhibition of the HSP90 molecular chaperone with geldamycin inhibits the radiation-induced translocation of Cx30 into mitochondria, decreasing the hypermetabolic state and restoring radiation sensitivity in those cells.These results demonstrate dual regulatory role of connexin30 in the biology of human gliomas, as a suppressor of tumor growth and a radioresistance protein, and single it out as a potential target for therapeutic interventions against these tumors.
Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with HIV
Authors: S. A. Raphael
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In its recent "Guidelines for Prophylaxis Against<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia [PCP] for Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV]," the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Working Group on PCP Prophylaxis in Children<sup>1</sup>mentions that, "Some patients with documented adverse reactions to TMPSMX [trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole] have been successfully desensitized," but makes no recommendation regarding its possible use for prophylaxis before considering one of the "alternative regimens." The group recommended that readministration of the drug not be attempted if "life-threatening toxicity (anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or hypotension) occurs." Since a life-threatening toxic reaction is rare,<sup>2</sup>even if the drug is continued after appearance of early symptoms<sup>3,4</sup>and none of the alternative regimens for PCP prophylaxis are proven to be as effective as TMP-SMX, we believe that, at least in children, hyposensitization deserves consideration as the recommended first approach in cases of TMPSMX hypersensitivity. Although there has been no
Pocketbooks
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fourth Tissue Culture Association Decennial Review—Cell and Tissue Culture International Conference on Molecular Mechanisms in the Regulation of Cell Behavior
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Fourth Tissue Culture Association Decennial Review—Cell and Tissue Culture International Conference on Molecular Mechanisms in the Regulation of Cell Behavior Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 6, June 1986, Page 1339, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.6.1339-b Published: 01 June 1986
American Review of Respiratory Diseases, New York
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suprapubic catheterisation.
Authors: P Hilton, S L Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The 2012 Royal College of Physicians report <i>Hospitals on the edge</i> is clear that ‘decisions about service redesign must be clinically led and clinicians must be prepared to challenge the way services – including their own service – are organised’. This paper describes a service redesign in which we have gained learning and experience in two areas. Firstly, a description of measured improvement by the innovation of redesigning the traditional hospital-based assessment of frail older patients’ home support needs (assess to discharge) into their own home and meeting those needs in real time (discharge to assess). In combination with the formation of a collaborative health and social care community team to deliver this new process, there has been a reduction in the length of stay from completion of acute hospital care to getting home (from 5.5 days to 1.2 days for those patients that require support at home). Secondly, the methodology through which this has been achieved. We describe our translation of a Toyota methodology used for the design of complex cars to use for engaging staff and patients in the design of a healthcare process.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1960)

ANY QUESTIONS?sign which is helpful and reliable in confirming a diagnosis suggested by other clinical features.Absence of nystagmus does not indicate the absence of alcoholic intoxication.Goldberg' states that lateral nystagmus occurs at blood- alcohol concentrations of 80 to 100 mg. per 100 ml., and disappears at concentrations of over 300 mg. per 100 ml.
STITES' SURGICAL CRITERION FOR CANCER.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for infections in cancer patients
Authors: W. E. Grose
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (Bactrim) was given orally to 35 cancer patients with infections. Thirty-two patients did not respond to an initial antibiotic regimen that consisted primarily of carbenicillin disodium and an aminoglycoside. There were 18 single-organism, Gramnegative infections. The overall cure rate was 54%. The most common infection was pneumonia (47% responded to treatment). Eighty percent of the cases of septicemia were cured. The most common infecting organism was<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>(45% with this infection responded). Eight cases of infection of unknown origin occurred (63% responded to treatment). Overall, 47% of the patients whose neutrophil count remained unchanged or decreased responded, while 61% of those whose neutrophil count remained unchanged or increased responded. There was no close correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the clinical responses. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim orally is a well tolerated and effective form of antimicrobial therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>237:352-354, 1977)
Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity
Authors: Paul Cohen, Connie Zhao, Xiaoli Cai, Jason M. Montez, S. Christy Rohani, Paul Feinstein, Peter Mombaerts, Jeffrey M. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Animals with mutations in the leptin receptor (ObR) exhibit an obese phenotype that is indistinguishable from that of leptin deficient ob/ob mice. ObR is expressed in many tissues, including brain, and the relative importance of leptin’s effects on central versus peripheral sites has not been resolved. To address this, we generated mice with neuron-specific (ObRSynIKO) and hepatocyte-specific (ObRAlbKO) disruption of ObR. Among the ObRSynIKO mice, the extent of obesity was negatively correlated with the level of ObR in hypothalamus and those animals with the lowest levels of ObR exhibited an obese phenotype. The obese mice with low levels of hypothalamic ObR also show elevated plasma levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, and corticosterone. The hypothalamic levels of agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y RNA are increased in these mice. These data indicate that leptin has direct effects on neurons and that a significant proportion, or perhaps the majority, of its weight-reducing effects are the result of its actions on brain. To explore possible direct effects of leptin on a peripheral tissue, we also characterized ObRAlbKO mice. These mice weigh the same as controls and have no alterations in body composition. Moreover, while db/db mice and ObRSynIKO mice have enlarged fatty livers, ObRAlbKO mice do not. In summary, these data suggest that the brain is a direct target for the weight-reducing and neuroendocrine effects of leptin and that the liver abnormalities of db/db mice are secondary to defective leptin signaling in the brain.
A controlled clinical trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. The XOMA Sepsis Study Group
Authors: R. L. Greenman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the efficacy of adjunctive monoclonal antibody antiendotoxin immunotherapy in patients with gram-negative sepsis. <h3>Design.</h3> —Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Thirty-three university-affiliated centers, including Veterans Affairs, community, and municipal hospitals. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Hospitalized adults with signs of gram-negative infection and a systemic septic response. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Patients were assigned to receive either 2 mg/kg of a murine monoclonal antibody directed against gram-negative endotoxin (E5) or placebo. A second infusion was administered 24 hours later. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Mortality over the 30-day study period, resolution of organ failures, and safety. <h3>Results.</h3> —Four hundred eighty-six patients were enrolled. Three hundred sixteen had confirmed gram-negative sepsis (54% bacteremic, 46% nonbacteremic). The survival difference was not statistically significant for all patients. Among patients with gram-negative sepsis who were not in shock at study entry (n = 137), E5 treatment resulted in significantly greater survival (relative risk, 2.3;<i>P</i>=.01). Resolution of individual organ failures was more frequent among these patients, occurring in 19 (54%) of 35 patients in the E5 group vs eight (30%) of 27 in the placebo group (<i>P</i>=.05). Four reversible allergic reactions occurred among 247 patients (1.6%) receiving E5. No other toxicity was identified. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Treatment with E5 antiendotoxin antibody appears safe. It reduces mortality and enhances the resolution of organ failure among patients with gram-negative sepsis who are not in shock when treated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:1097-1102)
Nuclear medicine
Authors: H. N. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In vivo chemistry has become a major focus of nuclear medicine. By means of positron- and γ-emittingradioactive tracers, the regional chemistry of body organs can now be measured with the same sensitivity as hormones in body fluids by radioimmunoassay. Nuclear medicine focuses on molecules, as well as cells, as a basic unit of study. Many new nuclear medicine procedures are still at the interface between research and clinical practice, but it is becoming increasingly clear that positron emission tomography (PET) examinations can help care for patients with epilepsy, cancer, dementia, and heart disease. It is somewhat unfortunate that technological advances such as PET and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), have occurred when cost containment is a major focus of medical practice. However, knowledge about a patient can help decrease the overall cost of medical care. For example, detection of occult coronary heart disease in a patient being considered for
Development of a new oncology quality metric: The rate of evidence-based adherence.
Authors: Kerin B. Adelson, Randall F. Holcombe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6624 Background: The degree to which electronic health records enhance the quality of patient care depends on how the system is used to monitor and improve practice. In planning the transition to Epic’s electronic chemotherapy ordering platform, we saw an opportunity to increase evidence-based practice. Methods: Our Chemotherapy Council vetted more than 600 electronic protocols based entirely on published clinical trials and NCCN guidelines; modifications made to these protocols represent a divergence from clinical evidence. We examined the number of times the chemotherapy section of a protocol was modified before the first cycle to avoid counting dose modifications made for toxicities. To get the rate for the cancer center we calculated the # of discrete times all protocols were used (denominator) and the number of times all protocols were modified (numerator). We subtracted the ratio from 1 to reflect the proportion of protocols that were not modified. This ratio serves as a new quality metric – the Rate of Evidence-Based Adherence (REBA). REBA institution= 1 - Total # of modifications prior to first cycle for each protocol / Total # of uses of all protocols. Additionally, REBA can be used to examine disease group rates (REBA group), individual provider rates (REBA provider) and rates for individual protocols (REBA protocol). Institutions that have implemented evidence-based clinical pathways have strived for 80% (.80) adherence. We set this as our REBA benchmark. Results: The REBA institution was .86, higher than our pre-defined goal (p<0.001). There was wide variation in the REBA group (range 0.50-0.95). The REBA protocol identified two protocols (rates of .33 and .42 respectively) that were dose reduced the majority of the time. In the example of our Breast Group, the REBA provider, ranged from (.78 to .97) reflecting differing practice among 4 physicians. Conclusions: The REBA can identify faculty and disease groups who underutilize clinical evidence, facilitating feedback for quality improvement. The REBA protocol is a useful tool to identify specific chemotherapy templates that may need modification. The REBA is a powerful electronic tool, which can be utilized to monitor and enhance the rate of evidence-based practice in oncology.