tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Information for Readers
Authors: David A. Blandino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 October 1995Information for ReadersDavid A. Blandino, MDDavid A. Blandino, MDShadyside Hospital; Pittsburgh, PA 15232Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-7-199510010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The interest in improving the Instructions for Authors section of Annals [1] should be matched by the same interest in developing an Instructions for Readers section. Compared with authors and editors, practicing physicians and other consumers of the medical literature have an even greater need for clarity and efficient guidance [2].The Instructions for Readers section would not only contain the list of criteria for a quality clinical trial [1] but would also contain a description of a clinical trial grading system analogous to those used by organizations that make evidence-based recommendations. These existing grading systems assess ...References1. Working Group on Recommendations for Reporting of Clinical Trials in the Biomedical Literature. Calls for comments on a proposal to improve reporting of clinical trials in the biomedical literature. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:894-5. Google Scholar2. Haynes RB, McKibbon KA, Fitzgerald D, Guyatt GH, Wuller CJ, Sackett DL. How to keep up with the medical literature: I. Why try to keep up and how to get started. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 105:149-53. Google Scholar3. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of 169 Interventions. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1989. Google Scholar4. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, Cook DJ, for the Evidence-Based Working Group. Users' guide to the medical literature, II: How to use an article about therapy or prevention, A: Are the results of the study valid? JAMA. 1993; 270:2598-601. Google Scholar5. Moser M, Blaufox MD, Freis E, Gifford RW, Kirkendall W, Langford H, et al. Who really determines your patients' prescriptions? JAMA. 1991; 265:498-500. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Shadyside Hospital; Pittsburgh, PA 15232 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 7Page: 553-554KeywordsBehaviorClinical trials Issue Published: 1 October 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
LETTER FROM WASHINGTON.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AAML0523: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group On the Efficacy of Clofarabine in Combination with Cytarabine in Pediatric Patients with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Todd Cooper, Todd A. Alonzo, Robert B. Gerbing, John Perentesis, James A. Whitlock, Jeffrey W. Taub, Terzah M. Horton, Alan S. Gamis, Bassem I. Razzouk
Journal: Blood (2012)
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Elicits an Angiogenic Phenotype in Human Ectopic Endometrial Cells and Triggers the Production of Major Angiogenic Factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Véronique Veillat, Cédric Carli, Christine N. Metz, Yousef Al-Abed, Paul H. Naccache, Ali Akoum
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

An active angiogenesis is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Our previous studies led to the identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is markedly elevated in active, vascularized, and early-stage endometriotic lesions, as a potent mitogenic factor for endothelial cells. Our objective was to study the mechanisms by which MIF may stimulate angiogenesis in ectopic endometrial implantation sites. Primary cultures of ectopic endometrial cells were exposed to MIF, and the release of major angiogenic factors with targeted disruption of MIF signaling pathways was assessed. Patients were women found to have endometriosis during laparoscopy. The study was conducted at a hospital and reproduction research laboratory. Biopsies were removed from endometriotic lesions. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels and expression and small interfering RNA silencing of MIF CD74/CD44 receptor complex and phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs were evaluated. MIF markedly up-regulated VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 expression in endometriotic cells. Such an effect was abolished by (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), a specific inhibitor of MIF, and significantly down-regulated after specific small interfering RNA silencing of CD44 or CD74. MIF treatment strongly activated ERK and p38 MAPKs, and specific inhibitors of both pathways completely blocked basal and MIF-induced VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 synthesis. These results show for the first time that MIF exerts a potent indirect angiogenic effect by interacting with ectopic endometrial cells and inducing the secretion of major angiogenic factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK signaling pathways and provide evidence for a possible new mechanism underlying endometriosis development and pathophysiology.
Abstract 5104: Pan-cancer classification on gene expression data by neural network
Authors: Kijin Yu, Bong-Hyun Kim, Peter Chang Whan Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cancer classification based on molecular signatures such as gene expression profiles has been provided insights on causes of the disease or provided guidance for selecting patient’s treatment regimen. We developed a cancer classifier that can identify 13 different types of cancers or a normal tissue based on bulk RNA-seq data as well as single cell RNA-seq data. Training was performed with 6,483 samples from 13 cancer tissues and 640 samples from tumor-adjacent normal tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas based on 300 most significant genes for the binary classification of each cancer. Then, we compared Neural network, Support vector machine, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest methods. Neural network performed consistently better than other methods, even it took shorter time to train. We further applied our approach to bulked single cell data that is generated from single cell RNA-seq and found our model successfully classified cancer types and normal samples. Gene set enrichment analysis comparing cancer types found genes in cell cycle-related pathways, which highlights the differences between cancer types might be in their abilities to grow in different conditions. We also found genes that expressed in multiple cancers that can be novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Kijin Yu, Bong-Hyun Kim, Peter Chang Whan Lee. Pan-cancer classification on gene expression data by neural network [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5104.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization Remodels the Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System in a Chronic Setting
Authors: R.C. Arora, G.M. Hirsch, K. Hirsch, J.A. Armour
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Prospective trials have demonstrated that transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) imparts symptomatic relief to patients with refractory angina. Because peak clinical effectiveness of TMLR is usually delayed by several months, it has been proposed that ventricular denervation is one mechanism whereby TMLR imparts symptomatic relief. We have demonstrated that TMLR does not denervate the heart in the acute setting, nor does it modify the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) in the acute setting. However, the long-term effects of TMLR on the ICNS remain unknown. Methods and Results A holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser created 20 channels through the anterolateral left ventricular free wall of 10 dogs. Four weeks later, the function of cardiac sensory inputs to the ICNS was studied by applying veratridine (7.5 μmol/L) to ventricular sensory fields. Chronotropic and inotropic responses elicited by cardiac sympathetic or parasympathetic efferent neurons stimulated electrically (10 Hz, 4 V, 4 ms) or chemically (nicotine 5 to 20 μg/kg IV) were also assessed. Chemical activation of epicardial sensory neurites with veratridine elicited expected ICNS excitatory responses. Electrical stimulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent neurons induced expected altered cardiac responses. In contrast, the responsiveness of the ICNS to systemically administered nicotine was obtunded. Conclusions Although chronic TMLR does not affect cardiac afferent or extracardiac efferent neuronal function, it does “remodel” the ICNS so that its responsiveness to a known potent chemical agonist (ie, nicotine) becomes obtunded. Remodeling of the ICNS may account in part for the delayed symptomatic relief that TMLR imparts to patients with refractory angina.
A phase II trial of temsirolimus in men with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer.
Authors: Andrew J. Armstrong, Tong Shen, Susan Halabi, Gabor Kemeny, Rhonda Lynn Bitting, Patricia Kartcheske, Elizabeth Embree, Karla Morris, Carolyn Winters, Tracy Jaffe, Mark T. Fleming, Daniel J. George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

105 Background: PTEN loss is common in advanced prostate cancer, leading to constitutive activation of the PI3 Kinase pathway. Temsirolimus blocks mTOR/TORC1, a key signaling node in this pathway; its activity in men with advanced castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer is unknown. Methods: We conducted a single arm trial of weekly IV temsirolimus in men with chemorefractory metastatic CRPC who had &gt;=5 circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at baseline (Cellsearch). The primary endpoint was change in CTCs at 8 weeks; secondary endpoints were composite progression-free survival (excluding PSA), PSA and radiographic response rates, safety, and survival. At PSA/CTC progression, an anti-androgen could be added while continuing temsirolimus. Results: Eleven patients were accrued out of a planned 20; the trial was stopped prematurely due to lack of efficacy/feasibility. Median age was 61, with 55% African-Americans and 36% Caucasians. Median baseline PSA was 390 ng/dl, median baseline CTC was 14 cells, 50% had significant pain, and 63% had &gt;2 prior chemotherapy regimens. The median decline in CTC enumeration at week 8 was 48% and three patients experienced a decline in CTCs to &lt;5. However, 73% of men had persistently unfavorable CTCs (&gt;=5) over time and only 1 patient had a &gt;=30% PSA decline. Median PFS was 1.9 months (95% CI 0.9-3.1) and median OS was 8.8 months (95% CI 3.1-15.6). Toxicities included grade 4 hypophosphatemia and grade 4 CNS hemorrhage, and frequent grade 3 fatigue, anemia, stomatitis, hypokalemia, weakness, and hyperglycemia. Persistently high N-cadherin expression on longitudinal CTC analysis was observed as a marker of epithelial plasticity and treatment resistance. Conclusions: Temsirolimus lacked sufficient clinical activity in men with metastatic CRPC, despite transient CTC improvements in some men. Future studies should focus on combination approaches or novel PI3K pathway inhibitors. Clinical trial information: NCT00887640.
Hemorrhagic gastritis from nonabsorbable sutures
Authors: F. Shuster
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A case of hemorrhagic gastritis, thought to be due to silk suture material protruding from a gastrectomy anastomosis, was diagnosed gastroscopically and treated surgically. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On Jan 12, 1970, a 50-year-old housewife had a two-thirds subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II gastrojejunostomy for chronic duodenal ulcer disease manifested by intractable abdominal pain, vomiting, roentgenographic duodenal bulb deformity, and peribulbar adhesions. All layers of the anastomosis were closed with silk sutures. During the ensuing 11 months four episodes of tarry stools were associated with epigastric and bilateral flank pains and recurring iron deficiency anemia. There was no history of associated salicylate or alcoholic beverage ingestion, and antacids gave no relief. On Dec 1, 1971, she had a two-day history of vomiting and tarry stools, and several weeks of abdominal pain; there was epigastric tenderness and guaiac "flash" positive tarry stool appeared on rectal digital examination. The
Should the NHS strive to eradicate all unexplained variation? No
Authors: R. J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Variation exists in all aspects of health care. <b>Stephen Richards</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4811) argues that it is damaging to both quality of care and finances, but <b>Richard Lilford </b>believes that imposing uniformity risks stifling medical progress
Objective assessment of aerophagia during meals in normal controls and patients with post-prandial bloating and belching
Authors: P. Woodland, R. S. Gill, J. Jafari, I. Bravi, R. Shimono, A. Fikree, J. Hayat, E. Yazaki, A. J. Bredenoord, D. Sifrim
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Many patients attending GI physiology units for assessment of dysphagia and GORD also complain of postprandial bloating and/or belching. Excessive fasting aerophagia has been recently described in patients with severe continuous bloating and belching. Exaggerated air swallowing <i>during meals</i> might be more relevant for postprandial symptoms but, thus far, objective assessment of prandial aerophagia and normal values are lacking. Oesophageal impedance can detect air swallowing. We aimed to quantify aerophagia during meals in asymptomatic subjects and patients with postprandial bloating and belching. <h3>Methods</h3> We assessed aerophagia during meals using ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring in 39 healthy, asymptomatic controls (from the US-Belgian MII-pH Normal value study, Shay <i>et al</i>. 2004; mean age in original study 39, range 22–62) to establish normal 95% confidence intervals. We identified 38 patients (mean age 43, range 17–74) with postprandial bloating and/or belching who attended the GI physiology unit for assessment of dysphagia or GORD as primary symptoms. Mealtime air swallows were visually identified when swallows were associated with antegrade flow and fast impedance increase (at least 3000 Ω from baseline) in the most distal recording segment. A score of air swallows/10 min mealtime was calculated for each subject. In patients with mealtime exaggerated air swallowing (above 95th percentile of normal values) we examined for evidence of concomitant fasting aerophagia. <h3>Results</h3> The 95% percentile range of mealtime aerophagia in normal subjects was 6.8 to 9.4 episodes/10 min, mean 8.1. Patients had significantly higher mealtime air swallowing rates than controls (mean 11.8 episodes/10 min, SEM 1.0, p = <i>0.003</i>). There was no significant difference between predominant bloating and belching subgroups. Only 4 of 23 patients with exaggerated mealtime air swallowing had concomitant fasting aerophagia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We established normal values of mealtime air swallowing using oesophageal impedance. Patients with postprandial bloating and/or belching exhibit increased aerophagia during meals. Most of these patients do not have fasting aerophagia. Exaggerated air swallowing during meals can now be objectively detected and biofeedback techniques can be attempted to modify such behaviour as a potential therapeutic strategy for these patients with functional GI symptoms.
Dermatology
Authors: J. Graham Smith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a supplemental issue of the<i>Journal for Investigative Dermatology</i>, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) contract-supported analysis of research needs and priorities in dermatology has been published.<sup>1</sup>The work was edited by Kenneth K. Kraning and George F. Odland of the University of Washington, Seattle, with the aid of a coordinating committee. More than 100 investigators in 12 study groups critically evaluated areas of major importance in skin disease. The current status of knowledge concerning prevalence, morbidity, costs, pathogenesis, and therapy of cutaneous disorders was reviewed. <h3>Major Problems</h3> What are some of the major problems? At least 60 million Americans show objective evidence of skin disease serious enough to warrant consultation by a physician. Based on the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES-1) of a sample of 20,749 Americans aged 1 to 74 years, the activity of an estimated 2 million people in the United States is limited by
肥大细胞类糜蛋白酶降解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白
Authors: T. Lipitsä, H. Siiskonen, A. Naukkarinen, I.T. Harvima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

皮肤免疫复合物血管炎是一种相对罕见的炎性疾病,其影响皮肤的小血管,导致血管壁损坏。该疾病可引起紫癜,后者是指皮肤上出现紫斑,其在施压时不会变白。紫斑是因皮肤下出血导致的。其有时伴随皮肤坏死(组织死亡)。纤维蛋白是一种与凝血相关的物质,血管炎患者血管壁上会出现纤维蛋白沉积。当组织损坏导致出血时,纤维蛋白原(肝脏分泌的一种蛋白,见于血浆中)通过酶的作用在伤口处转变为纤维蛋白。一种名为肥大细胞的细胞与皮肤血管炎的出现相关。这类细胞含有肝素,这是一种抗凝物,有助于阻止血凝块形成。肥大细胞还含有强力酶,包括类糜蛋白酶,其可影响凝血(血凝块)并降解各种皮肤结构。因此,受雇于芬兰库奥皮奥大学医院和东芬兰大学的本研究的研究人员研究了类糜蛋白酶在凝血和纤维蛋白溶解中的作用,酶通过该过程分解血凝块中的纤维蛋白。纤维蛋白原是一个特殊目标,因为这种血液蛋白在纤维蛋白的形成中(含血凝块)至关重要。研究人员发现含有类糜蛋白酶的肥大细胞与血管炎患者含有纤维蛋白的血管密切接触。血管炎样本以一种名为“重组人(rh)‐类糜蛋白酶”的类糜蛋白酶治疗后导致血管壁中的纤维蛋白消失,肝素可增强此作用。在进一步的试验中发现rh‐类糜蛋白酶可降解(分解)纤维蛋白原的某些链,而且降解可通过肝素调节。所以,在用rh‐类糜蛋白酶处理纤维蛋白原后,纤维蛋白原溶液的凝结时间显著延长。作者得出结论,肥大细胞类糜蛋白酶可帮助清除血管炎患者血管壁中的纤维蛋白。
Propranolol
Authors: HOWARD F. MORRELLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

In the 5 years since propranolol was introduced in the United States, the indications for its use stated in the package insert have remained virtually unchanged. During this period no studies have appeared that rigorously establish the relative role of propranolol for these indications by comparing it with other forms of therapy. In addition, at least 34 other uses for propranolol therapy have been reported; of these, there is substantial evidence for efficacy only in the management of hypertension, angina pectoris, and thyrotoxicosis. The package insert does not list these new uses or other "uses" for propranolol that have appeared in the medical literature. The physician in practice may experiment with an approved drug for an unapproved use, but the patient should give informed consent to the experiment, and the experiment should be reported to the FDA. The current package insert for propranolol is not adequate as the sole source of drug information for optimal drug selection.
T Cell Responses to Pre-Erythrocytic Stages of Malaria: Role in Protection and Vaccine Development vs. Pre-Erythrocytic Stages
Authors: R. Nussenzweig
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Lehrbuch des Stoffwechsels und der Stoffwechselkrankheiten.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Severe envenomation from “harmless” pet snake
Authors: Graham Spearing, Ian Fraser, Gillian Turner, Geoffrey Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Details of treatment and outcome of pregnancyCase Time Duration of treatment Complication of No Parity Reason for treatment started Dosage of heparin (weeks) treatment Fetus (weeks) 1Recent work5 suggests that warfarin is no longer contraindicated in breast-feeding women.
Molecular Manipulation Of Drug Compounds
Authors: A. C. Tone
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Largely due to the Food and Drug Administration's reluctance to approve new drugs, we have entered an era of molecular manipulation of existing compounds, The most recent example of this trend was the introduction of hetacillin. Hetacillin, a compound of ampicillin and acetone, has no inherent antibacterial activity, but is converted to ampicillin in the body. For some reason, the drug is marketed in the dosage forms of 225 mg and 450 mg of ampicillin activity, which is 10% less than the usual 250 mg and 500 mg of conventional ampicillin. If this trend continues, we can see in the future the possibility of the following letter being sent to physicians: <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> The Ostrich Pharmaceutical Company is extremely proud to announce the introduction of a new product, HETAPRIN. Each tablet contains the equivalent of 292.5 mg of aspirin. Aspirin is the most widely used drug in
Effect of Corticosteroids on Intraocular Pressure and Fluid Dynamics II. Effect of Dexamethasone in the Glaucomatous Eye
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal