tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editor’s Note
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

At this time, the challenges to clinicians, administrators, and policy makers who seek to improve health care have never been greater.Clinical decision-making is increasingly complex, as options for diagnosis and treatment expand each year.Clinical strategies do not always achieve their promise, often failing in typical practice to produce the results that are promised by clinical trials.Costs are rising and resource allocation is attracting increasing attention.There are inequities in health and medical care, and high-quality services are not equally accessible to all patients.The primacy of the patient perspective is gaining support, but the profession lacks tools to facilitate the participation of patients in decision-making.With much changing in health care, the need for scholarship to guide practice and policy has never been greater.Outcomes research, positioned at the interface of clinical, social, and epidemiological science, as well as statistics and informatics, is an integrative discipline that seeks to generate knowledge that will improve clinical decision-making and healthcare delivery.With a primary focus on the end results of our efforts to care for patients and populations, it is an inherently practical form of research that not only describes gaps in health care but that can also contribute to resolving those gaps.Outcomes research provides a mechanism through which we can reveal the ways to best achieve our full potential in medicine and health care.In the series "Key Issues in Outcomes Research," we present articles that explore contemporary topics in the field.The featured work provides perspectives from experts on key issues and clarifies priorities for future research.The series content is highly representative of the breadth of the field.Topics are centered on the issues related to the effectiveness, efficiency, safety, equity, patient-centeredness, and timeliness of our healthcare system.Our intent is for this series to convey the field of outcomes research to a large audience of providers, including clinicians and traditional scientists.I hope that these articles will inspire readers to engage collaboratively in efforts to resolve the obstacles that impede our ability to deliver optimal care and achieve optimal healthcare outcomes.
Familial galactorrhea in three sisters with oligo-ovulation
Authors: J. A. Wider
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Galactorrhea occurred after use of oral contraceptives in three sisters with oligo-ovulation. Pituitary function was studied by radioimmunoassay determination of plasma growth hormone level after pyrogen stimulation, radioimmunoassay determination of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone during clomiphene citrate stimulation, measurement of plasma cortisol level, and thyroid function studies. Results suggest normal pituitary responsiveness to provocative stimuli and support the concept that the control of ovulation is functionally independent of the control of lactation.
Legacies of Nuremberg
Authors: Michael A. Grodin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The 50th anniversary of the Doctors Trial at Nuremberg provides an important opportunity to reflect on its legacy to both medical ethics and human rights. While many contemporary physicians view medicine's involvement in Nazi Germany as of only historical interest, the articles by Katz,<sup>1</sup>Sidel,<sup>2</sup>Barondess,<sup>3</sup>Faden et al,<sup>4</sup>Harkness,<sup>5</sup>Sonis et al,<sup>6</sup>and Seidelman<sup>7</sup>eloquently demonstrate that there is much we can learn by confronting the crimes committed by the Nazi physicians. After World War II, the Allies prosecuted the major surviving Nazi war criminals in an international military tribunal before judges from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and the former Soviet Union. That trial resulted in making new international law and can properly be seen, together with the promulgation of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as the birth of the international human rights movement. The trial
Abdominal epilepsy. A cause of abdominal pain in adults
Authors: M. A. Peppercorn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Four patients, aged 17 to 47 years, had paroxysmal abdominal pain associated with symptoms suggestive of a CNS disturbance. None had a discernible primary gastrointestinal process, but each had EEG abnormalities and a striking response to anticonvulsant medication. These findings suggest that abdominal epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained paroxysmal abdominal pain. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2450-2451, 1978)
Proton radiation as boost therapy for localized prostatic carcinoma
Authors: W. U. Shipley
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A 160-MeV proton beam has been modified to irradiate patients with localized tumors by using conventional treatment schedules. This proton beam has the physical advantage over megavoltage x-rays of reducing the radiation dose to normal tissues adjacent to the tumor volume. A perineal proton technique used as boost therapy (2,000 to 2,500 rads) was evaluated in the definitive irradiation of 17 patients with localized prostatic carcinoma. This technique allows repeated daily treatment of the carefully defined target volume with a precision of ±2 mm. Total dose to the prostatic tumor, but not to the posterior rectum, has been increased by 500 to 700 rads. After 12 to 27 months of observation, no noteworthy rectal reaction has developed in a patient, easily managed urethral strictures have developed in two patients, and all but one are locally controlled. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1912-1915, 1979)
Economics
Authors: J. M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Last year, both the Clinton administration and those who advocated marketplace reforms to restrain health care costs proposed managed care as the principal way to reorganize the financing and provision of medical services. Advocates of managed care asserted that it would improve the quality of care while reducing costs. Researchers studying both government- and private-sponsored managed care systems have recently published their findings on the capacity of managed care to achieve these goals. Earlier studies of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) had found that 10% to 40% savings could be attained, principally through reduced hospitalizations.<sup>1,2</sup>However, researchers were unable to determine whether these savings resulted from HMOs attracting patients who are likely to have lower health care costs and physicians with more parsimonious practice styles or an effect of managed care itself.<sup>2</sup>In addition, recent changes in the forms and operation of managed care organizations have made these earlier
THE BEGINNINGS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS.
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biochemical alterations of lung structure as predictors of chronic lung disease.
Authors: J A Last
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This presentation reports on newer animal models and techniques that we and others have developed. These models attempt to predict in a reasonable experimental time frame the occurrence of structural changes in the lungs that are the basis of various chronic diseases. Since the major chronic diseases of the lung parenchyma involving what we think of as well-understood structural changes are pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, I will discuss in detail ways of looking at effects of air pollutants on lung collagen and lung elastin metabolism.
Selected Surgical Papers (1876-1914)
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
List No. 77. New names
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-071 Interobserver agreement in assessment of rutgeerts' score of endoscopic recurrence of ileal crohn–s disease
Authors: NA Kennedy, H Ennis, DR Gaya, C Mowat, IDR Arnott, J Satsangi
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Rutgeerts9 score is widely used for the assessment of endoscopic recurrence following ileocaecal (IC) resection for Crohn–s disease (CD). Higher scores have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of clinical recurrence. TOPPIC is a double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trial of mercaptopurine for the prevention of post-operative recurrence after IC resection for CD and includes a secondary endpoint of endoscopic recurrence. Few published data are available on interobserver agreement of Rutgeerts9 score. This study aimed to assess the interobserver agreement of Rutgeerts9 score on images from endoscopies carried out as part of the TOPPIC trial. <h3>Method</h3> Five TOPPIC trial investigators were shown endoscopic images taken from 43 colonoscopies performed in Edinburgh as part of the TOPPIC trial. The investigators were blinded to the original report and were shown only the images with a description of the anatomical location from which each image was taken. Each investigator was independently asked to score each colonoscopy using the Rutgeerts9 score and a custom-designed application. Statistical analysis was performed using R and the psych package. The five scores for each colonoscopy were compared with each other and the score made by the original endoscopist. Shrout and Fleiss9 intraclass correlation and pairwise weighted Cohen–s kappa were calculated. <h3>Results</h3> The original scores for the colonoscopies were spread across the possible scores, with 11 i0, 10 i1, 7 i2, 10 i3 and 5 i4. Intraclass correlation for single ratings (ICC3) was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.88). The weighted Cohen–s kappa when assessed for each possible pair of scorers ranged from 0.72 to 0.86. A graphical representation of the agreement between the original score and the rescores is shown in the Figure 1. When scores were stratified into endoscopic recurrence or not, as defined by a score of i2 or greater, all five scorers agreed with the original score in 34/43 (79%). There was no significant difference in this agreement between those procedures with an original score ≥i2 or <h3>Conclusion</h3> Interobserver agreement for Rutgeerts9 score of endoscopic recurrence was generally good in this cohort of patients. Despite the limitation of using still images, agreement with the score of the original endoscopistwas also good. However, there was some variation in assessment, even when assessing the presence/absence of endoscopic recurrence. These findings are important when considering the reliability of outcome data in multicentre clinical trials. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
Reply:
Authors: Feng Zhou, Jianghua Zhou, Wenxin Wang, Xiao‐Jing Zhang, Yan‐Xiao Ji, Peng Zhang, Zhi‐Gang She, Lihua Zhu, Jingjing Cai, Hongliang Li
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. The burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Asia and China is enormous.1 Our data provided the most up‐to‐date information revealing the alarming status of NAFLD in China from 2008 to 2018 to facilitate effective decision making for controlling NAFLD. We are very grateful for the interest and thorough review Yuankai Wu et al. provided for our article. They raised several issues regarding the methods we used to analyze the prevalence of NAFLD in China. First, we agree that other forms of liver diseases may contribute to liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis as well as the higher incidence of NAFLD; however, it is difficult to distinguish whether these lesions, which occur after other types of liver injury, are attributed to metabolic disturbances, viral infection, alcohol, or a combination. Thus, it is reasonable not to include studies that recruited patients with other liver diseases.2 We politely disagree with the idea to exclude the studies that only recruited males or females from the meta‐analysis. Many published meta‐analyses can be referenced to support this rationale.2 In addition, the data from minority populations are also indispensable when reporting the overall prevalence of NAFLD in China. However, because of a lack of health care resources and research attention, the evidence of prevalence of NAFLD is scant in minorities. Second, there is vast heterogeneity on the duration of the included studies, ranging from a year to several years. Several studies did not clearly provide the information on the year of study. These reasons make it difficult to adjust the prevalence by year of study. Also, using the publication year is accepted in studies for describing prevalence.2 Third, we agree that more sophisticated social‐economic indicators, such as the sociodemographic index, should be considered when analyzing the causal relationship between the economy and growth in prevalence. In the subgroup, however, we only described a pooled prevalence of NAFLD in a different gross domestic product (GDP) region.4 Static GDP was also adopted in studies from other groups. Fourth, we noticed that although the populations included in references 163 and 261 did have overlap, they were not identical. (The population from Tangshan Community was included in ref. 163, while, in ref. 261, Tangqian Community was included.) Both studies meet the criteria for exclusion, and thus we retained them in the final analysis.
Predictors of bleeding during heparin therapy
Authors: A. M. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Among 2,656 patients receiving heparin sodium therapy, bleeding was a dose-related phenomenon that occurred most commonly among women, severely ill patients, and patients who received aspirin during heparin therapy. Except for dose, factors that predisposed patients to bleeding were more strongly associated with major bleeding than with minor bleeding. Heavy alcohol drinkers were at particularly high risk for major bleeding episodes during heparinization. The seven-day cumulative risk for any bleeding was 9.1%. Risk was greatest on the third day of heparin administration. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1209-1212, 1980)
Preventing Prematurity
Authors: Emile Papiernik
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am pleased that Dr Iams<sup>1</sup>wrote an editorial to accompany the article by Yawn and Yawn<sup>2</sup>in a recent issue ofThe Journal. Dr Iams' editorial addresses the fact that some studies are successful in reducing the preterm birth rate and others are not. In my opinion, there is a reasonable explanation for these differences that is not discussed by Dr Iams. Those programs with successful results have been applied to total populations, including women with all levels of risk. This has been true in the French experience,<sup>3</sup>in San Francisco, Calif,<sup>4</sup>in North Carolina,<sup>5</sup>and in Minnesota.<sup>2</sup>In the case of France, the major contribution to the reduction in the rate of preterm delivery was obtained among women who were in the middle-risk category. No improvement could be measured in women who traditionally were categorized as being at high risk.
Augmentin-induced hjepato-renal failure and death Division of Gastroenterology, Allegheny General Hospital/Allegheny Campus, The Medical College of PA and Hahnemann University, Pittsburgh, PA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Bile acids (BAs) are present in follicular fluid (FF) from humans and cattle. This fact has triggered an interest on the role BAs might play in folliculogenesis and their possible association with fertility. To achieve a better understanding about this subject, new methods are needed to provide reliable information about concentrations of the most important BAs in FF. In this context, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) offers high specificity with a relatively simple sample workup. We developed and validated a new assay for the quick profiling of the 9 most abundant BAs in follicular fluid from cattle. The method uses 200 μl of FF and can quantify cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and their glycine (G) and taurine (T) conjugates. Lithocholic acid (LCA), its conjugates GLCA and TLCA, and sulfated forms, were present in some samples, but their concentration was low compared to other BAs (in average, below 60 ng/ml for LCA, GLCA or TLCA and below 20 ng/ml for their corresponding sulfates). Method performance was studied at three quality controls for each compound in consonance with their physiological concentration. Excellent linearity and recovery were found for all compounds at every control level. Intra-day and between-day precisions (%CV) and accuracies (relative errors) were below 15% for all the compounds. Matrix effects were negligible for most of the analytes. Samples undergoing freeze-thaw showed no degradation of their BAs. The method makes use of a fused-core phenyl column coupled to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer to achieve chromatographic separation within 5 min. We quantified BAs grouped in four different follicle sizes (3–5 mm, 6–8 mm, 9–14 mm, >15 mm), obtaining a similar relative BA profile for all the sizes, with CA always in higher concentration, ranging between 1600 and 18000 ng/ml, approximately, followed by its conjugate glycocholic acid, GCA, which ranged between 800 and 9000 ng/ml. The highest concentration in CA, DCA or CDCA was always detected in FF stemming from follicles of 6–8 mm. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which BAs subspecies have been detected and quantified in bovine follicular fluid.
Effect of Alterations of Coronary Blood Flow the Oxygen Consumption of the Working Heart
Authors: John Ross, Francis Klocke, Gerard Kaiser, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The effects of varying coronary blood flow on the MV O O2 of a heart permitted to perform external work at a constant level were determined in 10 experiments. No consistent changes of MV O O2 occurred with alterations of coronary blood flow. These results were in contrast with those previously obtained when coronary blood flow was altered in a heart which performed no external work.
Effects of Inhalation of 100% Oxygen on Pulmonary Blood Volume
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of computed tomography in assessing "operability" of bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: P T Doyle, J Weir, E M Robertson, A V Foote, J S Cockburn
Journal: BMJ (1986)

To try to assess the accuracy of predicting "operability" (as defined by local policy) of bronchial carcinoma 300 patients underwent computed tomography of the thorax in a prospective study. The results of 141 patients showed an agreement between computed tomographic and surgical (including pathological) findings in those patients who had received operations. Most of the other patients had more advanced disease than suggested by the findings of computed tomography. A total of 118 patients did not receive operations: in 47 their disease was considered to be inoperable on the basis of computed tomographic findings alone, and this was accepted by the cardiothoracic surgeons after consultation. Thirty two other patients had further evidence of metastatic disease on other investigations. Computed tomography of the thorax should be performed early in the assessment of operability of patients with bronchial carcinoma and before the start of an extensive search for metastatic disease.