tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death from respiratory system disease among Seventh-Day Adventist men
Authors: F. R. Lemon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

There were 850 deaths among 11,071 Seventh-Day Adventist (SDA) men from 1958 to 1962. The group was similar to other men in California except for occupation, an older age distribution, and much less tobacco exposure. The total number of deaths observed and death from respiratory disease were approximately one half and one fourth, respectively, of that expected at comparable ages for California men. In the SDA group, the 28 deaths contributed to by emphysema or lung cancer were concentrated in a minority with a history of heavy tobacco usage; only one such death occurred among 3,913 (35%) SDA "lifetime" members who had never smoked. The findings from this study are consistent with previous epidemiologic studies and predictions of a large reduction in lung cancer and other mortality in any nonsmoking US population. The findings support the causal relationship of cigarette smoking to lung cancer but discount the "selection or constitutional" theory.
I will be completing my first year general practice vocational training scheme (GPVTS) in August 2006. Would I be able to get an interdeanery transfer from Scotland to England because my husband works in England; I live with my two children in Scotland and it is very difficult to stay without him. Could you advise me who to contact about this? I do not mind completing the hospital posts in Scotland and then doing a GP registrar post in England
Authors: Rodger Charlton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
Analysis of HCV genotype inblood donors from Paris, France . Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium, *CTS and **Virology, Piti�-Salp�tri�re, Paris, France, and ***University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Background/Aims: The pathway through which iron contributes to liver cell damage and cirrhosis in genetic hemochromatosis is not clear. The objective of the present study was to describe the ultrastructural changes in liver biopsies of patients in various stages of this condition and to correlate these with clinical, histopathological and biochemical data.Methods: Liver biopsies from 20 patients with genetic hemochromatosis were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The use of unstained thin (60 nm) sections facilitated the identification and localization of the electron-opaque compounds of ferritin and hemosiderin in various liver cells. Stained thin sections permitted evaluation of the concomitant subcellular damage and collagen deposition. The ultrastructural observations were corroborated with the histopathological findings and biochemical data.Results: All patients had liver iron overload, which was classified as mild, moderate or severe. In the stage of mild overload (hepatic iron concentration HIC 93.5±23.3 μmol/g and hepatic iron index HII 2.3±0.7), cytosolic ferritin and scarce pericanalicular lysosomes (siderosomes) were seen in periportal hepatocytes (acinar zone 1), without evidence of organelle damage, and in the absence of sinusoidal cell siderosis. In moderate overload (HIC 190.8± 41.5 μmol/g and HII 4.3±1.9), ferritin was identified in hepatocytes of all acinar zones, and the pericanalicular siderosomes were abundant, especially in acinar zone 1. Single hepatocytes showed organelle damage and occasional sinusoidal cells showed siderosis. In severe overload (HIC 308±49.0 μmol/g and HII 7.5±1.7), hepatocytes of all acinar zones were-filled with large, hemosiderin-containing siderosomes, and changes in mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei were conspicuous. Marked sinusoidal cell siderosis and collagen deposition were observed predominantly in this stage.Conclusions: Electron microscopy has shown that during the long, latent stage of “compensated” genetic hemochromatosis, hepatocytes display only minimal subcellular changes, other than iron overload. “Decompensated” overload, characterized by extensive subcellular pathology and focal necrosis, is reached when 1) the hepatocytic siderosis is generalized (i.e. beyond pericanalicular polarization of siderosomes in hepatocytes, and beyond zone 1 in the acinus); and 2) there is evidence of massive siderosis of sinusoidal cells. These findings support the concept of a critical level of hepatic iron concentration beyond which organelle damage is conspicuous and liver cell injury may become irreversible.
Role of consolidative radiation therapy after surgery in patients with stage IV rectal cancer
Authors: T. Mehmood
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are known to effectively palliate many symptoms of patients with metastatic rectal cancer (mRC). However, whether RT would provide survival benefit to mRC after surgery remains unclear. Methods: Results Program (SEER) database. Patient demographics between the RT and no-RT groups were compared using Pearson Chi-Square tests. Propensity score (PS) matching and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic power of variables on cause-specific survival (CSS). Results: A total of 5520 mRC patients who have received surgery were identified in SEER database. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that RT was a protective factor of mRC patients after surgery in mRC patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.654, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.607-0.704, p < 0.001). PS matching produced 3887 mRC patients and univariable Cox regression analyses indicated that RT was associated with a significant improvement of CSS in mRC patients after surgery (HR = 0.455, 95%CI=0.422-0.491). Conclusion: Using SEER database, we have identified that RT was associated with a significant survival advantage in the setting of mRC patients after surgery. This study strongly supports the use of RT after surgery for patients with mRC. In order to accurately define the role of RT in the comprehensive treatment for mRC patients, more prospective studies are clearly needed to be conducted.
Psychiatry
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A number of important developments highlighted the continued evolution of psychiatry as a hypothesis-based scientific discipline in both its psychosocial and biological aspects. Indeed, one of the most exciting developments has been the emergence of the interaction between these areas. In 1994, the fourth edition of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)</i>was published.<sup>1</sup>This revision of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R)</i>(1987) was undertaken to examine the clinical utility, descriptive validity, and reliability of specific psychiatric diagnoses and to assess the psychometric properties of individual diagnostic criteria. On the whole, criteria for most psychiatric disorders are similar to those published in<i>DSM-III-R</i>. Perhaps the most significant conceptual shift was the elimination of the rubric<i>organic mental disorders</i>, which had suggested improperly that most other psychiatric disorders had no organic basis, and the substitution of the new terms<i>delirium,</i>
Specialty Practice
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SPECIALISTS are a by-product of the science of medicine. As medicine has advanced, the opportunities offered for investigation of disease and methods of treatment have increased, and the knowledge gained in the various special fields has become so unlimited that specialization or special technics have become necessary. That this logical and necessary trend should progress to the present state of almost complete fragmentation of the human body into systems or anatomic areas could hardly have been anticipated. How far specialization has developed and how absurd it may appear is well illustrated by an incident that occurred recently in a well . . .
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: J. A. Milne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article HYPOTHYROIDISM Get access J. A. Milne J. A. Milne Department of Dermatology University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 12, 1 December 1969, Pages 937–938, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15976.x Published: 01 December 1969
Soil Is an Important Pathway of Human Lead Exposure
Authors: Howard W. Mielke, Patrick L. Reagan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This review shows the equal or greater importance of leaded gasoline-contaminated dust compared to lead-based paint to the child lead problem, and that soil lead, resulting from leaded gasoline and pulverized lead-based paint, is at least or more important than lead-based paint (intact and not pulverized) as a pathway of human lead exposure.Because lead-based paint is a high-dose source, the biologically relevant dosage is similar to lead in soil.Both lead-based paint and soil lead are associated with severe lead poisoning.Leaded gasoline and lead in food, but not lead-based paint, are strongly associated with population blood lead levels in both young children and adults.Soil lead and house dust, but not lead-based paint, are associated with population blood lead levels in children.Most soil lead and house dust are associated with leaded gasoline.Lead-based paint dust is associated with cases of renovation of either exterior or interior environments in which the paint was pulverized.Based upon the limited data to date, abatement of soil lead is more effective than abatement of lead-based paint in reducing blood lead levels of young children.About equal numbers of children under 7 years of age are exposed to soil lead and lead-based paint.Seasonality studies point to soil lead as the main source of population blood lead levels.Soil lead is a greater risk factor than lead-based paint to children engaged in hand-to-mouth and pica behavior.In summary, soil lead is important for addressing the population of children at risk of lead poisoning.When soil lead is acknowledged by regulators and the public health community as an important pathway of human lead exposure, then more effective opportunities for improving primary lead prevention can become a reality.
Left-Side Gallbladder and Liver Without Situs Inversus
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 18300: Association Between a Genetic Risk Score for Clinical CAD and Early Stage Lesions in the Coronary and Aorta Provides Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Elias L SALFATI, David M Herrington, Themistocles L Assimes
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Autopsy studies suggest that the fatty streak is the earliest identifiable lesion of atherosclerosis. However, not all fatty streaks progress to more advanced lesions of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the correlation between the extent of fatty streaks in younger persons and the extent of more advanced lesions in older persons as well as the community rates of CAD is substantially lower for the aorta compared to the coronaries. These observations suggest that the pathophysiologic processes leading to the formation of fatty streaks and raised atherosclerotic lesions may differ between the two vascular beds. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed genetic data from 564 white participants of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth study between the age of 15 and 34 at the time of accidental death. We ranked subjects by the percent surface area of involvement of fatty streaks and raised lesions in their right coronary artery, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta, respectively, on post-mortem examination. We then defined cases within each lesion type and artery location as subjects with a sex specific ranking that was in the top quartile. We found a genetic risk score (GRS) composed of high-risk alleles at 32 loci for clinical CAD operating independent of traditional risk factors to be robustly associated with the probability of being a case for both fatty streaks and raised atherosclerotic lesions in the right coronary artery (Table). In contrast, the same GRS exhibited no association with case status for fatty streaks in the aorta and only a weak trend for association with case status for raised lesions in the aorta. Our findings support the notion that not all fatty streaks are equivalent in their predisposition to atherosclerosis and suggest that some atherosclerosis susceptibility loci uncovered through GWAS studies of clinical CAD may only be active in the coronary tree.
Studying the effects of the DRG-based prospective payment system on quality of care. Design, sampling, and fieldwork
Authors: D. Draper
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We have conducted a nationally representative before-after study of the effects of the diagnosis related groups—based prospective payment system (PPS) on quality of in-hospital care for aged Medicare patients. We used a pre-post design with multiple time points in both the pre-PPS (calendar years 1981 and 1982) and post-PPS (July 1985 through June 1986) periods. We gathered clinically detailed data from medical records of patients with one of six diseases and supplemented these data with postdischarge information from Health Care Financing Administration files. We used a stratified multistage cluster sampling design with data gathered on 16 758 patients chosen from 297 hospitals in 30 areas in five states. Our hospital participation rate was 97%; we successfully accessed 96% of the medical records we requested; and our mean item-level reliability score was 0.80. Our sample matches the nation closely on hospital urbanicity, size, teaching status, ownership, and percentages of Medicare and Medicaid patients, and patient demographics and mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1956-1961)
Medical Legislation.
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oncogenic Effect of Methylcholanthrene in Newborn Germfree Mice
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leads from the MMWR. Self-reported behavioral changes among homosexual and bisexual men--San Francisco
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Nickel Chloride on Primary Antibody Production in the Spleen
Authors: Judith A. Graham, Donald E. Gardner, Frederick J. Miller, Mary J. Daniels, David L. Coffin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Mice immunized intraperitoneally with sheep erythrocytes were treated with nickel chloride, a common particulate air pollutant. Primary antibody production in the spleen was examined using a hemolytic plaque technique. A negative linear dose-response relationship (p is less than 0.05) was observed between the logarithm of (plaques/10(6) cells) and the nickel concentration administered. Mice injected with 3.09 mug Ni2+/g body weight displayed lymphocyte function similar to that of control mice. However, injection of 9.26-12.34 mug Ni2+/g caused significant immunosupression (p is less than 0.05).
Costs and benefits of lead screening
Authors: R. H. Pantell
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with the suggestion of Pantell et al that information on the effectiveness and cost of measures to prevent morbidity should be used in formulating recommendations. However, we feel that their discussion of screening for childhood lead poisoning ignores some important facets of this complex issue. The cursory cost-effectiveness analysis by Pantell et al has a number of limitations. First, they imply that $3396 would be too much to spend to find a lead-poisoned child, given the size of the effect of lead on IQ. In fact, on the basis of the effect of lead exposure on IQ and educational attainment, it has been estimated that preventing an increase of 0.48 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) in a child's blood lead level would produce an average increase of $11470 in the net present value of that child's expected lifetime earnings.<sup>1</sup>Pantell et al also exclude the costs of
Psychiatry
Authors: B. H. Guze
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The past decade has seen the continued growth of solid psychiatric epidemiologic studies that are relevant to disease prevalence, to disease varitions (patterns of symptoms and impairment encountered in the community), and to health care use. For the range of depressive and anxiety disorders, a small proportion of patients are seen in the specialty sector, far more in general medical settings, and a large proportion—even with the recent availability of an enlarged array of treatment options<sup>1</sup>—remain untreated. Evidence mounts for the increased medical morbidity and impairment of social performance and physical functions generated by these disorders. Continued research is needed to differentiate mood disorders and symptoms, a problem analogous to determining when a measurement of elevated blood pressure becomes a syndrome or disorder. These issues are highlighted by the initial reports from the large Medical Outcomes Study conducted by The RAND Corporation. Tarlov and associates<sup>2</sup>deliberately included
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

The authors briefly describe their experience with phenylbutazone in the treatment of 26 cases of rheumatic fever seen at the Legouest Military Hospital, Metz, all the patients being soldiers of 20 years of age.The drug was given intramuscularly in doses of 500 to 1,000 mg.daily during the first 3 to 6 days, this dosage being gradually reduced thereafter and the drug given by mouth as the general condition improved.Treat- ment was continued until the erythrocyte sedimentation rate had returned to normal or nearly so; this occurred on the average after about 3 weeks.No adverse sideeffects were noted.The authors comment on the rapid subsidence of articular pain, sometimes within a few hours of the first injection, and on the sense of well-being produced by the drug.The temperature usually fell rapidly during the first 24 hours of treatment.The erythrocyte sedimenta- tion rate and blood fibrinogen level returned to normal in 2 to 3 weeks.In three cases with cardiac involvement the heart condition was restored to normal, but no specific action of the drug is claimed in view of the small number of cases.In no case was there involvement of the endocardium.All these cases would have been considered suitable for salicylate therapy [see following Abstract].H. F. Reichenfeld.
Nanostars Amplify Ability to Image Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

A new nanoparticle design may make cancer detection possible without the use of molecular markers of tumor cells. The star-shaped probe detected five different cancers in mouse models, according to a new study. By using nanostars to boost surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering signals, the technique highlighted tumor margins, microscopic metastases, and even precancerous cells with high precision.