tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction
Journal: Gut (1989)

Correction CorrectionWe regret that in the article by Swash et al (Gut 1988; 29: 1692-8) Figures 1 and6 were duplicated and the correct Figure 1 is printed below.im.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4 Fig. 1 Internal anal sphincter muscle in aged control subject.Lobular arrangement ofsmooth muscle cells is present, but there are increased amounts ofcollagen in the interstitial spaces.There is marked variability in size and electron density of the smooth muscle cells.Bar JO Sm.
Genetic Monitoring of Human Polymorphic Cancer Susceptibility Genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Application to Glutathione Transferase m
Authors: Douglas A. Bell, Claudia L. Thompson, Jack Taylor, Chris R. Miller, Frederica Perera, Ling L. Hsieh, George W. Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Several genes involved in the metabolism of carcinogens have been found to be polymorphic in human populations and are associated with increased risk of cancer at some sites.This study focuses on the polymorphic enzyme glutathione transferase u (GT pu).Smokers with low lymphocyte GT p. activity are at an approximately 2-fold higher risk for lung cancer and an approximately 3-fold higher risk for stomach and colon adenocarcinomas.Recent cloning and sequencing of the GSTI gene has allowed the development of convenient genotyping methods based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) or the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The GSTI polymorphism has been shown to be a deletion of the gene locus.To detect the presence or absence of the gene we amplified exons 4-5 and/or exons 6-7 of the GSTI gene by PCR.PCR amplification produced bands of 215-bp or 273-bp from individuals with one or two copies of the GSTI allele and no band ifthe individual was homozygously deleted (0/0).In the exon 6-7 PCR, we co-amplified a 268- bp portion of the P-globin gene as an internal reference standard for quantitative analysis of product yield.This allowed homozygote individuals ( + / + ) to be distinguished from heterozygotes ( + /0).We have compared the GSTI genotype to lymphocyte GT p. activity measured on trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) in the lymphocytes of 45 individuals.Low GT p. activity (< 67 pmole/min/107 cells) was strongly associated (24/24) with the GSTI 0/0 genotype.With the exception of one individual, activities greater than 67 pmole/ min/107 were associated with the presence of the GSTI allele (20/21).Individuals with the highest GT-TSO activity were found to be homozygous for GSTI ( + / + ), while heterozygotes ( + /0) generally had lower activity, suggesting a gene dosage effect in lymphocytes.The allele distribution among four sampled populations varied considerably.In a North Carolina population, 51% (65/127) were GSTI 0/0, and this finding is consistent with those of other studies based on phenotypic analysis.In three smaller cohorts, the GSTI 0/0 genotype was observed to occur in: 30% (14/47) of Finnish foundry workers, 33% (18/54) of Georgia dye workers, and 62% (74/120) of Thiwanese placental samples.In the future, we shall investigate the mechanistic link between polymorphisms in carcinogen metabolism genes and interindividual variation in measures of DNA damage, such as DNA adducts and hprt mutation frequency.
Aspirin Poisoning
Authors: Noel Wright
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We should like to comment on the report "Death Following Self-Poisoning with Aspirin" by Ferguson and Boutros (<b>213:</b>1186, 1970). It is stated: "minimal signs and moderate elevation of serum salicylate concentration several hours following ingestion of the drug led to underestimation of the seriousness of poisoning." The serum salicylate level was, however, 46.5 mg/100 ml, and it is usually accepted that at least moderate if not severe salicylate poisoning can occur at levels of 50 mg/100 ml or higher.<sup>1</sup>It is inevitable that following even the most effective gastric lavage two to three hours after ingestion the salicylate level will rise by about 10 mg/100 ml, hence at 46.5 mg/100 ml it should have been anticipated that forced diuresis was required immediately following the gastric lavage. The appearance of the symptoms mentioned "during the night" indicated absorptions of large quantities of salicylate despite gastric lavage.
Production of Oxygen-Centered Radicals by Neutrophils and Macrophages as Studied by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
Authors: Joe V. Bannister, William H. Bannister
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Neutrophils and macrophages undergo a respiratory burst and an increase in the activity of the hexose monophosphate pathway in response to particulate or soluble agents. The increase in oxygen consumption was found to be associated with the production of oxygen-centered radicals. The ESR technique of spin trapping showed that besides a superoxide spin adduct, a hydroxyl spin adduct is also produced. ESR is considered to be the least ambiguous technique for the detection of free radicals. The spin-trapping agents used for oxygen-centered radical detection are usually nitrones. The most commonly used nitrone is 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), which reacts with O2-. to form 5,5-dimethyl-2-hydroperoxypyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO-OOH) and with OH. to form 5,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxypyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO-OH). Although spin-adduct formation is considered to be the most direct technique for the detection of free radicals, some disadvantages are encountered. There has been considerable interest in the isolation of the O2-. generating activity from phagocytic cells. The enzyme can be extracted with deoxycholate and gel filtration indicates that it is a high molecular weight complex. Maximum activity was between pH 7.0 and pH 7.5. The Km value was 15.8 microM for NADPH and 434 micron for NADH, indicating that NADPH is the preferred substrate.
Some Aspects of Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sidney Pell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Several facets of hypertension in diabetes mellitus were studied in 662 employed diabetics and an equal number of matched controls, all of whom received periodic health examinations at work. The prevalence of hypertension was 54% greater among the diabetics. Hypertension was also more common in the diabetics before the onset of the clinical stage of the disease. The increased prevalence of hypertension among the diabetics occurred independently of overweight. Diabetics taking 50 or more units of insulin per day had a lower prevalence of hypertension than the other diabetics. Among hypertensive subjects, the prevalence of arteriosclerotic heart disease was twice as great in the diabetics as in the controls, but among normotensive subjects there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Typhlitis
Authors: Bruce H. Pokorney
Journal: JAMA (1980)

UNEXPLAINED febrile episodes and recurrent septicemia from unidentified sources occur in neutropenic patients. Patients with leukemias and lymphomas commonly are found to have gastrointestinal tract lesions at postmortem examination.<sup>1,2</sup>These lesions may serve as portals of entry for bacteria. Typhlitis, ie, inflammation of the cecum, has been reported by Wagner et al<sup>3</sup>to be present in approximately 10% of patients with leukemia at postmortem examination. Varki et al<sup>4</sup>recently reported successful outcome of typhlitis treated in a patient with acute leukemia. The following case report suggests that recurrent bacteremia with different organisms may be a sign of early typhlitis, and, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported antemortem diagnosis of typhlitis in a patient with aplastic anemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A previously healthy, 28-year old woman was admitted to The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pa, in August 1976 for evaluation of
Assaying Estrogenicity by Quantitating the Expression Levels of Endogenous Estrogen-Regulated Genes
Authors: Marianne Jørgensen, Brian Vendelbo, Niels E. Skakkebæk, Henrik Leffers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Scientific edence suggests that humans and wildlife speces may experience adverse health conse- quences from exposure to environmental chemicals that interact with the endocrine system.Reliable short-term assays are needed to identifr hormone-dismpting chemicals.In this study we demonstrate that the estrogenic activity of a chemical can be evaluated by assaying induction or repression of endogenous estrogen-regulated 'marker genes" in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.We induded four marker genes in the assay -pS2, transforming growth factor P3 (TGa933), monoamine oxidase A, and ecl-antichymotrypsin-and we evaluated estrogeniic acivity for 17P- estradiol (E2), diethylstilbestrol, ci-zearalanol, nonylphenol, genistein, methoxychlor, endosul- phan, o,p-DDE, bisphenol A, dibutylphthalate, 4-hydoxy tamoxifn, and ICI 182.780.All four marker genes responded strongly to the three high-potency estrogens (E29diethylstilbestol, and -earalanol), whereas the potency of the other chemicals was 103-to 106-fold lower than that of E2.There were some maker gene-dependent differences in the relative potencies of the tested chemicals.TG$P3 was equally sensitive to the three high-potency estrogens, whereas the sensitiv- ity to oc-zearalanol was approximately 10-fold lower than the sensitivity to E2 and diethyistilbe- strol when assayed with the other three marker genes.TIhe potency of nonylphenol was equal to that of genistein when assayed with pS2 and TG1f3, but 10-to 100-fold higherilower with monoamine oxidase A and al-antichymotypsin, respectively.The results are in agreement with results obtained by other methods and suggest that an assay based on endogenous gene expression may offer an attractive alternative to other E-SCREEN methods.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF INCIPIENT TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RADIOLOGY &amp;amp; RADIOISOTOPES
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pivotal role of the renin/prorenin receptor in angiotensin II production and cellular responses to renin
Authors: Genevieve Nguyen, Françoise Delarue, Céline Burcklé, Latifa Bouzhir, Thomas Giller, Jean-Daniel Sraer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Renin is an aspartyl protease essential for the control of blood pressure and was long suspected to have cellular receptors. We report the expression cloning of the human renin receptor complementary DNA encoding a 350–amino acid protein with a single transmembrane domain and no homology with any known membrane protein. Transfected cells stably expressing the receptor showed renin- and prorenin-specific binding. The binding of renin induced a fourfold increase of the catalytic efficiency of angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I and induced an intracellular signal with phosphorylation of serine and tyrosine residues associated to an activation of MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2. High levels of the receptor mRNA are detected in the heart, brain, placenta, and lower levels in the kidney and liver. By confocal microscopy the receptor is localized in the mesangium of glomeruli and in the subendothelium of coronary and kidney artery, associated to smooth muscle cells and colocalized with renin. The renin receptor is the first described for an aspartyl protease. This discovery emphasizes the role of the cell surface in angiotensin II generation and opens new perspectives on the tissue renin-angiotensin system and on renin effects independent of angiotensin II.
Epidemiology of Measles—United States, 1998
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Measles is a highly infectious, acute viral illness that can cause severe pneumonia, diarrhea, encephalitis, and death. To characterize the epidemiology of measles in the United States during 2001-2003, CDC analyzed data reported by state and local health departments. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that no endemic measles virus is circulating in the United States; however, imported measles cases continue to occur and can result in limited indigenous transmission. Maintaining immunity through high vaccination coverage levels is essential to limit the spread of measles from imported cases and prevent measles from becoming endemic.
Molecular Basis of the Inhibition of Human Aromatase (Estrogen Synthetase) by Flavone and Isoflavone Phytoestrogens: A Site-Directed Mutagenesis Study
Authors: Yeh-Chih Kao, Changbao Zhou, Mark Sherman, Charles A. Laughton, Shiuan Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen; therefore, these plant chemicals are thought to be capable of modifying the estrogen level in women. In this study, the inhibition profiles of four flavones [chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone), 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), and galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone)], two isoflavones [genistein (4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) and biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavone)], one flavanone [naringenin (4, 5,7-trihydroxyflavanone)], and one naphthoflavone (alpha-naphthoflavone) on the wild-type and six human aromatase mutants (I133Y, P308F, D309A, T310S, I395F, and I474Y) were determined. In combination with computer modeling, the binding characteristics and the structure requirement for flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens to inhibit human aromatase were obtained. These compounds were found to bind to the active site of aromatase in an orientation in which rings A and C mimic rings D and C of the androgen substrate, respectively. This study also provides a molecular basis as to why isoflavones are significantly poorer inhibitors of aromatase than flavones.
Antipsychotic drugs, neurotransmitters, and schizophrenia
Authors: A Carlsson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

Inhibition of central dopamine functions appears to be a common basic property of antipsychotic drugs. The mesolimbic and nigrostriatal portions of the dopaminergic system are probably the main targets for the mental and the extrapyramidal actions, respectively, of these drugs. The fact that dopaminergic hyperfunction induced by amphetamines or dopa may lead to a disturbance mimicking paranoid schizophrenia lends further support for a key role of dopamine in mental functions. Although a primary disturbance in dopamine function in schizophrenia cannot be ruled out, the intimate relationship between dopaminergic and other neuronal systems must be emphasized. The possible involvement of other amine, amino acid, or peptide transmitters in schizophrenia cannot be disregarded.
Incorrect Figure
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Carlos A. Morillo, MD, FRCPC; Atul Verma, MD, FRCPC; Stuart J. Connolly, MD, FRCPC; Karl H. Kuck, MD, FHRS; Girish M. Nair, MBBS, FRCPC; Jean Champagne, MD, FRCPC; Laurence D. Sterns, MD, FRCPC; Heather Beresh, MSc; Jeffrey S. Healey, MD, MSc, FRCPC; Andrea Natale, MD; RAAFT-2 Investigators
Section A. BIOCHEMISTRY
Authors: R Johnson, Fl Ulmeanu, C Neacu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

Exercise causes major changes in metabolism and one of the indications of this is the rise in the concentration of blood ketone-bodies after severe exercise: "post-exercise ketosis".Trained athletes, running a marathon (42 km) in 21% - 3 hrs.did not develop ketonuria whereas ketonuria occurred in unfit hill walkers after walking 20 km. in 3 -5 hrs.One explanation may be that the degree of post-exercise ketosis depends on the extent of athletic training.Athletes and untrained subjects have been investigated during and after running 1P hours and striking differences were observed in metabolite concentrations between the two groups.The untrained group developed post-exercise ketosis, associated with high free-fatty-acid (F.F.A.) concentration in plasma whereas the changes in the athletes were much less marked.This could be due to differences in ketone-body utilisation or production and acetoacetate tolerance tests have been performed before, during and after exercise.In unfit subjects ketone-body production continues after exercise to a much greater extent than in athletes.During the phase of post-exercise ketosis oral glucose causes a fall in blood ketone-body and F.F.A. concentrations indicating that part of the cause of post-exercise ketosis is a shortage of carbohydrate.Metabolic studies during exercise by patients with growth hormone deficiency showed that fat mobilisation can occur during exercise in the absence of growth hormone and the hormonal controlling mechanisms are, therefore, being investigated further.part in a Road-Runners Club Marathon meeting (Pugh, Corbett & Johnson, 1967); the second group were long distance hill walkers who were conventionally fit but not in athletic training.The runners gave a negative test for acetoacetate in the urine ('Ketostix' method) after competing in a race (42 km.) whereas the hill walkers, after carrying out the less strenuous exercise of walking for 3-5 hours, gave a positive test.Absence of ketonuria has also been observed in competitors after an 85 km.ski race (Astrand, Hallback, Hedman and Saltin, 1963).These observations suggested that post-exercise ketosis, first reported by Courtice and Douglas (1936), might depend upon the athletic training of the exercised subject.
Congenital syphilis and necrotizing funisitis
Authors: R. M. Fojaco
Journal: JAMA (1989)

During the past 5 years we encountered 16 cases of necrotizing funisitis, a deeply seated inflammatory process within the matrix of the umbilical cord, and established that all of them were associated with maternal and congenital syphilis. During that time necrotizing funisitis was not found to be associated with any other infection. The relationship was unexpected on the basis of current knowledge of the condition, but we found the older medical literature documents syphilis as the virtually specific cause of deep funisitis with angiophlebitis. Necrotizing funisitis has a characteristic macroscopic appearance, the "barberpole" cord, that permits the presumptive diagnosis of congenital syphilis at the time of birth. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1788-1790)
Correction: Regular Review: Echocardiography
Authors: Michael Silverman
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the outcome,we must consider not only the benefits.Because infants may temain positive for tuberculin for several years" the tuberculia test is devalued as a diagnostic aid, which may lead to an increased need for chemoprophylaxis.Doctors still have a large responsibility for diagnosing the dwindling condition of ;hildhood tuberculosis and for ensuring that tracing of contacts is carried out assiduously.
Young disabled and sick in hospital.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

PointersCerebral Angiomas: Occurrence of fatal haemorrhage unpredictable and conservative treatment is justified in majority of cases.Bleeding from small angiomas is dangerous in children, but haemorrhage from large ones is more common in later life after years of pro- gressive cerebral disability.(p. 571).Coxsackie B5 Virus: Increased number of infections reported in summer of 1965, especially among children (p.575).Leader at p. 570.Subelinical Tropical Sprue: Nonspecific jejunal abnormalities are not evidence of this condition, according to results of tests on forty asymptomatic Thai subjects (p. 578).
Effects of liver transplantation on bile formation and biliary lipid secretion in the Sprague-Dawley rat
Authors: Francis K. L. Chan, Yikun Zhang, Francis R. Sutherland, Eldon A. Shaffer
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Altered hepatic secretory function after orthotopic liver transplantation constitutes a major perioperative clinical problem. Cholestasis and cholesterol gallstone formation are among the most frequent complications reported. Such changes in the allograft secretory function can be secondary to many factors like graft injury due to preservation and marked rejection, surgical complications, immunosuppressive therapy, and sepsis. The effects of liver transplantation per se on bile formation and biliary lipid secretion are unknown. The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation was used to characterize better the true effect of transplantation without the influence of these confounding variables. Twentyfour-hour bile collections were performed on nine transplanted versus nine liver-denervated (sham) rats 4 weeks after surgery, and nine normal Sprague-Dawley rats. The liver allografts showed mild lymphocytic infiltration in portal tracts and the serum alanine transaminase levels were not significantly elevated. Bile flow and the secretion of bile salts and bilirubin under basal conditions were unchanged. Bile salt pool size, synthesis rate, and bile acid composition did not differ among the three groups. However, cholesterol secretion was dramatically reduced (50%) in the transplanted rats and decreased 31% in the liver-denervated rats (P < .001 and .01, respectively), resulting in a more favorable cholesterol saturation index (CSI = 0.29 for transplanted and 0.32 for sham versus 0.45 for normal controls; P < .01). Thus, liver transplantation with its attendant denervation did not impair hepatic secretory function, but rather improved biliary lipid composition despite mild rejection. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 22:1254–1258.).