tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Challenge
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

MEDICAL practice is in the middle of a profound transition. Most physicians can remember the day when, armed with a degree, a mission, and confidence, they could set forth to heal the sick. Like Solomon, physicians could receive patients, hear their complaints, and determine the best course of action. While not every patient could be cured, everyone could be confident that whatever was done was the best possible. Most important, each physician was free, trusted, and left alone to determine what was in the best interest of each patient. All of that is changing. In retrospect, the first changes seem minor—some increased paperwork, "tissue" committees, a few more meetings. These activities were designed to affect the presumably small fraction of physicians who, in fact, deserved to be scrutinized, and the scrutiny was an internal process performed by physicians themselves. But today's activities are aimed at all physicians, are much more
Manual of Physical Diagnosis for the Use of Students and Physicians.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progressive Medicine, Vol. 1, March. 1907. A Quarterly Digest of Advances, Discoveries and Improvements in the Medical Sciences.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pitfalls in the care of patients with tuberculosis. Common errors and their association with the acquisition of drug resistance
Authors: A. Mahmoudi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine, among a group of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, whether there had been management practices that deviated from established guidelines, and whether these decisions were associated with the acquisition of multidrug resistance and adverse medical sequelae. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Referral center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine in 1989 through 1990. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —The records of all patients referred to this institution for the treatment of tuberculosis in 1989 through 1990 were reviewed to ascertain the nature of management decisions that might have been associated with the acquisition of drug resistance. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Standards of practice as defined by the American Thoracic Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American College of Chest Physicians were compared with these management decisions to determine whether "errors" had been made, resulting in treatment failure and the development of acquired drug resistance. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among the 35 study patients, errors were detected in the Management decisions in 28; there was an average of 3.93 errors per patient. The most common errors were the addition of a single drug to a failing regimen, failure to identify preexisting or acquired drug resistance, initiation of an inadequate primary regimen, failure to identify and address noncompliance, and inappropriate isoniazid preventive therapy. The multidrug resistance acquired through the errors resulted in prolonged hospitalizations, treatment with more toxic drugs, and high-risk resectional surgery. The costs for this "salvage therapy" were extraordinary, averaging $180000 per patient. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Aggressive professional education, tighter control on the provisions of care for tuberculosis patients, and the committing of additional resources to tuberculosis control programs are vital in improving the care of tuberculosis patients and limiting the development of acquired drug resistance. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:65-68)
Heterogeneous Selection on LEGCYC Paralogs in Relation to Flower Morphology and the Phylogeny of Lupinus (Leguminosae)
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

The third sentence of the abstract of this article should have read ''Within Lupinus, L. densiflorus is unusual in having flowers with a proportionally smaller standard (upright adaxial petal) and larger wings (lateral petals) than other lupin species.''The authors regret the error.
PHYLOGENETIC IMMUNOLOGIC RECAPITULATION?
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The use of facoor VIII and factor IX concentrates during surgery
Authors: J. N. George
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Patients with classic hemophilia and Christmas disease can be effectively treated with human coagulation factor concentrates to allow required surgical procedures without undue risk. The results of such treatment of ten patients with hemophilia and four patients with Christmas disease who were either undergoing exploratory surgery of the abdomen, corrective orthopedic surgery, or dental extractions are reported. Factor VIII plasma levels were 30 to 80 units/100 ml at the time of operation and maintained at 20 to 60 units/100 ml for two to five days postoperatively. Factor IX plasma levels were 20 to 70 units/100 ml during surgery and maintained at 10 to 70 units/100 ml for up to five days postoperatively. These brief treatment periods are described to emphasize that prolonged therapy may not be essential in the surgical management of patients with hemorrhagic disorders.
Abstract 17022: The Gap Between Indicated and Prescribed Stroke Prevention Therapies in A High-risk Geriatric Population in Ontario
Authors: Mohammed Shurrab, Eugene Crystal, Denis O'Donnell, Hrishikesh Navare, Paula Neves, Ilan Lashevsky, David Newman
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia, with estimated risk of about 25% by 80 years of age. The use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in the elderly population treated in long term care (LTC) facilities is inconsistent and poorly studied. Hypothesis: We performed a retrospective analysis to assess the magnitude and sources of the gap between indicated and prescribed use of OAC in the elderly with AF along with the prevalence of different therapies. Methods: We retrospectively scanned 25 LTC facilities in Ontario, Canada. The diagnosis of AF was drawn from electronic medical records. This was merged with a pharmacy database, which was the sole provider of all medications for each resident. Attributable risk factors for possible failure to prescribe use of OAC were: Advanced directives for no hospitalization, Do-Not-Resuscitate order, Dementia, Cognitive Performance Scale, Activities of Daily Living Self Performance Hierarchy scale and Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms Scale. Results: In total 3378 active residents were examined in 25 LTC facilities. All patients were ≥ 65 years old with mean age 85 ± 8 years and 2449 (72%) were female. We identified 433 (13%) AF patients with mean age 87 ± 7 years and mean CHADS2 score 3 ± 1; all qualify for OAC therapy. Out of all AF patients, 273 (63%) patients were on OAC therapy. Patients were mostly treated with Vitamin K antagonists (N= 114 (42%)), rivaroxaban (N= 71 (26%)) or apixaban (N= 62 (23%)) followed by dabigatran (N= 26 (10%)). Antiplatelet drugs as the only stroke prevention therapy were used in 88 (20%) patients and 28 (6%) patients were on dual therapy (anticoagulation and antiplatelet drugs). Seventy-two (17%) patients were not on any antiplatelet or antithrombotic therapy. None of the attributable risks identified consistently correlated with the failure to prescribe indicated therapy. Conclusions: This real world data set suggests that 37% of eligible elderly LTC patients fail to receive recommended stroke prevention therapies. Vitamin K antagonists are the most common OAC therapy used in elderly patients in LTC facilities. Lack of use of indicated therapy appears to be idiosyncratic.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
Authors: Lauri E. Markowitz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Data from the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, Professional Activities Study were used to estimate the incidence and geographic distribution of hospitalized patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in the United States in 1981 and 1982. There were 1004 discharges with a diagnosis of TSS from hospitals participating in the study. These discharges could not be validated using clinical criteria. Using these data, the projected incidences for the United States were 0.78/100 000 and 0.84/100 000 total population in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Female patients, 15 to 19 years of age, had the highest age-specific incidence (4.8/100 000). Race, sex, and geographic distributions of cases reported to the national surveillance system were similar to those of patients discharged with a diagnosis of TSS from hospitals participating in the study. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:75-78)
Investigations of West Nile Virus Infections in Recipients of Blood Transfusions
Journal: JAMA (2002)

CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), in collaboration with blood collection agencies and state and local health departments, continue to investigate West Nile virus (WNV) infections in recipients of blood transfusions. During August 28-October 26, CDC received reports of 47 persons with possible transfusion-related WNV infection. Investigations showed that 14 of these persons either did not have WNV infection or did not acquire WNV infection through transfusion. The remaining 33 cases, reported from 17 states, occurred among persons who had confirmed or probable WNV infection and had received blood components in the month before illness onset. To date, evidence that WNV can be transmitted through blood transfusion has been found in six of the 33 cases; investigations are ongoing for the other 27 cases.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Older Patients With Comorbid Diseases—Reply
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ARGYLL ROBERTSON (1837-1909)
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rhazes
Authors: Abbas M. Behbehani
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE ANNOUNCEMENT on Dec 9, 1979, by the World Health Organization of the global eradication of smallpox has inspired a number of publications to commemorate this unique and phenomenal achievement.<sup>1-4</sup>Both physicians and nonphysicians have been responsible for milestones in the long history of this disease, described by Lord Macaulay (1800-1859) as "the most terrible of all ministers of death." Although smallpox has existed since antiquity, as testified by the mummy of Pharaoh Ramses V, who died in 1157 BC, the first graphic description of smallpox and its differentiation from measles was written circa 910 AD by the Persian physician Rhazes. This original classic monograph, written in Arabic and entitled<i>A Treatise on Smallpox and Measles</i>, has been known to the West through various translations since the 15th century and constituted the main source of information on this disease for hundreds of years. The author of this treatise and
Children's Exposure Assessment: A Review of Factors Influencing Children's Exposure, and the Data Available to Characterize and Assess That Exposure
Authors: Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Linda S. Sheldon, Janet M. Burke, Thomas R. McCurdy, Maurice R. Berry, Marc L. Rigas, Valerie G. Zartarian, Natalie C.G. Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Atopy is a major risk factor for the development of asthma.Immune processes that lead to the development of antigen-specific IgE are essential to the development of atopy.This review examines the immune processes that are candidate targets for modulation by environmental agents; environmental and lifestyle factors that have been suggested as modulators of the development of atopy; and the impact of known environmental agents on atopic processes in the airway.The most important periods of immune development with regard to expression of atopy are likely during gestation and early childhood.A better understanding of which environmental agents are important, as well as the period of life during which these agents may exert an important effect, is essential to devising rational environmental avoidance strategies for at-risk populations.
This Month’s Highlights
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

### 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D Amplifies Type A Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Activity in Target Cells #### Kidneys and the Heart Working Together: Role of Vitamin D. ![Figure][1]</img> Cardiovascular risk has recently garnered attention in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with
Putative Inhibitory Effects of Chrysotile, Crocidolite, and Amosite Mineral Fibers on the More Complex Surface Membrane Glycolipids and Glycoproteins
Authors: Howard A. I. Newman, Yeheskel A. Saat, Ronald W. Hart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

Syrian hamster embryo cells were treated with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride at pH 7.4. The labeling patterns of galactosyl and N-acetyl galactosaminyl residues on the cell surface were altered in comparing scraped vs. unscraped and buffer vs. media-soaked cells treated with galactose oxidase. From these preliminary studies, the procedure to be used in most of the asbestos treatment studies was to treat cells in situ, in buffer with galactose oxidase, and then to label treated scraped cells with NaB3H4. After 20 hr interaction between chrysotile asbestos and Syrian hamster cell cultures, an alteration in surface labeling of glycolipids and glycoproteins was observed. Tritiated disialogangliosides (GDla) and the higher molecular weight labeled glycoproteins were significantly reduced by asbestos treatment. Similar chrysotile asbestos-treated cultures were grown in monolayers in MEM (Eagles) with 10% fetal bovine serum for 2, 24, 48, and 72 hr and then surface-labeled with galactose oxidase–. NaB3H4 in phosphate buffer. Little or no difference was observed between surface-labeled lipid or protein distribution in untreated cells and those treated with asbestos for 2 hr. Asbestos-induced polar and neutral glycolipid pattern changes were observed at 24, 48, and 72 hr. Disialo- and trisialogangliosides (the more complex gangliosides) were decreased 85%, whereas globoside GL-4 was decreased by 60% at 72 hr. An overall decrease of labeled glycoproteins was observed at 24-48 hr. By 72 hr there was a complete loss of labeled protein bands with 80,000 dalton molecular mass. Since the changes in glycoproteins and glycolipids occur only after extended exposure of the cells to asbestos, the present studies support the concept that a metabolic rather than immediate masking effect is involved. Comparisons of treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with various asbestos fibers for 48 hr in the order of decreasing reduction in complex gangliosides were crocidolite&gt;chrysotile (intermediate)&gt;amosite. Effects of the above fibers on high molecular weight glycoproteins labeling followed the same order. The labeling pattern is reminiscent of the increased simplification of glycolipids and glycoproteins found in transformed cells. In the case of asbestos which appears to have no independent mutagenic capability, it is more likely that the membrane changes induced by asbestos serve to allow other mutagens to pass into the cell so as to act on the nuclear structure.
History
Authors: James Colgrove
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chinese burn.
Authors: B S Milner
Journal: BMJ (1972)

suspected until a few months before death when increased pain necessitated surgery.All these patients had severe anaemia (Hb 55-60%) at diagnosis.All had a longstanding history of duodenal ulcer and were then found to have gastric cancer.It seems, therefore, that such cases need very careful examination if they come to operation for a duodenal ulcer.Tragically, all were late diagnoses chiefly because dyspeptic symp- toms were wrongly interpreted in the 16-12 months before laparotomy.It is said that duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer only rarely coexist,' and a report from the Birmingham Regional Cancer Registry and the United Birmingham Hos- pitals stated that no association was found between cancer and peptic ulcer.2-Iam, etc.,