tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide Instead of Carbon Monoxide.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heterologous immunity provides a potent barrier to transplantation tolerance
Authors: Andrew B. Adams, Matthew A. Williams, Thomas R. Jones, Nozomu Shirasugi, Megan M. Durham, Susan M. Kaech, E. John Wherry, Thandi Onami, J. Gibson Lanier, Kenneth E. Kokko, Thomas C. Pearson, Rafi Ahmed, Christian P. Larsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Many strategies have been proposed to induce tolerance to transplanted tissue in rodents; however, few if any have shown equal efficacy when tested in nonhuman primate transplant models. We hypothesized that a critical distinction between specific pathogen-free mice and nonhuman primates or human patients is their acquired immune history. Here, we show that a heterologous immune response — specifically, virally induced alloreactive memory — is a potent barrier to tolerance induction. A critical threshold of memory T cells is needed to promote rejection, and CD8+ “central” memory T cells are primarily responsible. Finally, treatment with deoxyspergualin, an inhibitor of NF-κB translocation, together with costimulation blockade, synergistically impairs memory T cell activation and promotes antigen-specific tolerance of memory. These data offer a potential explanation for the difficulty encountered when inducing tolerance in nonhuman primates and human patients and provide insight into the signaling pathways essential for memory T cell activation and function.
Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: S Cascinu, L Cordella, E Del Ferro, M Fronzoni, G Catalano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1995)

PURPOSE We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glutathione (GSH) in the prevention of cisplatin (CDDP)-induced neurotoxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with a weekly CDDP-based regimen were included in this study. In patients randomized to receive GSH, GSH was given at a dose of 1.5 g/m2 in 100 mL of normal saline solution over a 15-minute period immediately before CDDP administration, and at a dose of 600 mg by intramuscular injection on days 2 to 5. Normal saline solution was administered to placebo-randomized patients. Clinical neurologic evaluation and electrophysiologic investigations have been performed at baseline and after 9 (CDDP dose, 360 mg/m2) and 15 (CDDP dose, 600 mg/m2) weeks of treatment. RESULTS At the 9th week, no patients showed clinically evident neuropathy in the GSH arm, whereas 16 patients in the placebo arm did. After the 15th week, four of 24 assessable patients in the GSH arm suffered from neurotoxicity versus 16 of 18 in the placebo arm (P = .0001). In confirmation of this neuroprotective effect, the neurophisiologic investigations, based on the evaluation of the median, ulnar, and sural sensory nerve conduction, showed a statistically significant reduction of these values in the placebo arm but not in the GSH arm, above all considering potential amplitude. In this trial, GSH also reduced hemotransfusion requirements (32 v 62 hemotransfusions) and treatment delay (55 v 94 weeks). The response rate was 76% (20% complete response) in the GSH group and 52% (12% complete response) in the placebo arm, confirming preliminary reports about the lack of reduction in activity of cytotoxic drugs induced by GSH. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that GSH is a promising and effective new drug for the prevention of CDDP-induced neuropathy, and that it does not reduce the clinical activity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
Hand Surgery
Authors: John L. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This volume contains a unique collection of articles on surgery of the hand and upper extremity. There are 64 contributions from 58 authors. Among the contributors, 34 are from the roster of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, including five honorary members from overseas. Although most of the book is devoted to treatment of clinical entities, there are several articles on experimental studies and laboratory aids to diagnosis. In the foreword, Sumner L. Koch renders a comprehensive summary and critical analysis of the contents. As with many books by multiple authors, there is a lack of uniformity in style and differences in the quality of the compositions and illustrative material. There are also gross inconsistencies in the assignment of space for the various subjects. Although most of the articles contain a list of references, a few have none. Some contributions emphasize general principles and omit technical detail; others
Outlook in Rh-haemolytic disease.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDICALHJOURNAL 659,and its frequency is unknown.The circulatory dysfunction resulting from alveolar hypoventilation may go undetected clinically for many years.Accurate recognition is dependent on analysis of arterial blood gases ; hypercapnia is invariable,4 though hypoxia is the main factor causing pulmonary vaso- constriction.'4Whether or not the pulmonary vascular resistance can be restored to normal depends on the extent of secondary changes in the pulmonary vessels and the degree to which the cause of the vasoconstriction can be relieved.When the vasoconstricting stimulus is hypoxia secondary changes are uncommon.Pulmonary hypertension in subjects born at high altitudes has been shown to disappear after residence at sea level,'5 and pulmonary hypertension resulting from alveolar hypoventilation in hyaline membrane disease may prove temporarily reversible by treatment.'6Pulmonary hypertension resulting from obstructive lesions in the upper respiratory tract can almost always be cured by surgery.Alveolar hypoventilation has many causes in children.'Lower respiratory tract infections,'7 18 asthma,'9 and other respiratory disorders20 can all cause hypoxia and hyper- capnia.Airways obstruction with respiratory acidosis develops in the majority of infants in heart failure,2' and wheezy respirations are still insufficiently appreciated as one of the features of left ventricular failure in infancy.22Stridor *with recurrent tracheitis and bronchitis from birth are common features of constrictive vascular rings.It is therefore surprising that there is no documentary evidence of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children in whom the trachea is constricted by anomalies of the aorta,23 24 or by the less common anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the right pulmonary artery.25 26 Some of these factors may have been partially responsible for the pulmonary hypertension in Levy's patient.5 His findings emphasize the need for more information on the frequency with which airways obstruction is responsible for haemodynamic changes in children.The clinical signs of *stridor or wheezing should suggest the possibility of this syndrome.More widespread use of arterial blood gas analysis and cardiac catheterization may show that alveolar hypo- ventilation is a factor in pulmonary hypertension and heart failure in childhood more often than has been appreciated.Recognition is important, because treatment may be simple and effective.
Suspension of Gag for Tonsillectomy
Authors: P. H. Beales
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Putting is a crucial stroke to determine winning in golf. Putting is more delicate than any other strokes in golf. To keep better putting stroke, psychological factors as well as physical factors are important for golfers. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in kinematic and psychological variables between winner and loser of three skilled levels during competitive golf putting tournament. The participants consisted of 3 groups based on their skill levels: PG (8 professional golfers), RG (8 recreational golfers) and NG (8 novice golfers). Each group performed 8 tournaments by attempting 2.1 m putting from the hole. 3D motion analysis system with 6 high speed cameras and BIOPAC ECG module were used to acquire kinematic data and ECG. To compare differences between winner and loser for each group, time phase of putting stroke, smoothness by jerk cost function (JC), heart rate (HR), ratio of low and high frequency component (LF/HF) in heart rate variability and CSAI-2 scores (competitive state anxiety inventory 2) were used. There was a significant difference in back-swing phase time ratio between PG and other groups and in JC at the putter toe between NG and other groups. There was a significant difference in LF/HF and self-confidence score of CSAI-2 between winner and loser within PG. While PG and RG showed similar kinematic performance, they showed different LF/HF. The tonic states derived from cardiac activity indicated that a higher skilled level was associated with increased LF. Increased LF is associated with increased automaticity and decreased attention demands, which means that increased mental workload reduces LF. For PG, it may reveal that psychological factor is one of the important factors for the better performance during competition. Further studies are necessary to clarify psychological factors of putting by using different measurement techniques such as galvanic skin response.
FRANCIS GLISSON (1597-1677)
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blinking and blepharospasm. Mechanism, diagnosis, and management
Authors: J. Jankovic
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This review discusses the mechanisms of spontaneous blinking and the differential diagnosis and treatment of blepharospasm. Blinking rate is altered in various extrapyramidal disorders, suggesting an important role of the basal ganglia in generation and control of blinking. Focal dystonia is responsible for essential blepharospasm, Meige's syndrome, and tardive facial dystonia, but other biochemical, reflex, and neuromuscular mechanisms may be involved in this common and often disabling symptom. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:3160-3164)
Reply:
Authors: Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Luca Valenti, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We thank Dr. Yilmaz et al. for comments on our article.1 The results of the pilot study Yilmaz and colleagues conducted in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels confirm our finding that the severity of insulin resistance is an independent predictor of liver damage in these patients, and suggest that serum levels of M30, a neoepitope of cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) released during the early phases of apoptosis, may prove useful to discriminate patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from those with simple steatosis. There is growing interest in evaluating apoptosis markers as potential predictors of liver damage in NAFLD, and preliminary studies in patients with increased ALT levels have provided encouraging results.2 Recent data showed that cytokeratin CK-18 (M65 antigen) and caspase-cleaved CK-18 (M30 antigen), two soluble forms of extracellular cytokeratin 18, have both a good sensitivity and specificity, with M65 having a higher predictive value to diagnose NASH.3 Larger prospective cooperative studies are needed to test the performance of these new apoptosis markers in discriminating patients with NASH and potentially progressive liver disease from those with benign disease, even before severe fibrosis ensues, and to compare these tests with other noninvasive risk scores.4 Based on the present results, and the preliminary data reported by Yilmaz, we think that future research should evaluate the combined role of genetic, apoptotic, and serological markers of insulin resistance in the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH including patients with or without increased ALT. Anna Ludovica Fracanzani*, Luca Valenti*, Silvia Fargion*, * Dipartimento Medicina Interna, Centro Studio Ecura Malattie Meta Boliche, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Assessment of Street Outreach for HIV Prevention—Selected Sites, 1991-1993
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Street outreach programs for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention are designed to deliver HIV prevention messages, materials, and referral services to high-risk persons outside of traditional health-care and drug-treatment clinics. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Evaluation of Street Outreach Projects (AESOP) is an eight-site study designed by CDC in collaboration with researchers in each of the sites to better understand client characteristics, service delivery, and the impact of street outreach programs on the risk behaviors of high-risk populations. The populations studied are injecting-drug users (IDUs) in five of the eight sites and youth in high-risk situations (YHRS) (i.e., youths aged 12-23 years who are homeless or runaway or who support themselves through the "street economy" of drugs, prostitution, pan-handling, and crime) in three sites. This report summarizes information collected during the first 2 years of the project.
Southpaws--somewhat scrawnier
Authors: S. Coren
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The viewpoint expressed in "Peace Through Mind/Brain Science"1 is based on three serious misconceptions: it equates mind with brain, it equates group aggression with individual aggression, and it assumes that cultural problems are amenable to technological fixes. It is only in the past century that western science has moved beyond a simplistic mind/body dualism. Dr Wagner proposes that we adopt an equally simplistic mind/body monism. Although understanding the functioning of the brain is necessary to the understanding of the functioning of the mind, it is not, and never will be, sufficient to that understanding.<i>Homo sapiens'</i>single most distinguishing feature, our capacity for self-reflective linguistic thinking, is entirely dependent on cultural forces for its expression. Whether we wage war will depend on the nature of the cultural forces that determine how our minds function, not on the physiological forces that determine how our brains function. Individual aggression
Frozen pre-embryos
Authors: Joseph H. Davis, Dirck W. Brown, Reuben Pannor
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were very disturbed by the Board of Trustees report "Frozen Pre-Embryos,"<sup>1</sup>in that the report showed an almost complete disregard for the psychological impact on the child so conceived. Donating the frozen pre-embryos to other parties is like treating the end product (the child) as a commodity that can be bartered at will. In vitro fertilization of the ovum and the sperm of a couple who otherwise would be unable to produce an offspring is a marvelous technical achievement. However, if for any reason the couple is unable or unwilling to utilize their "child-to-be," we do not believe that the pre-embryo should be "put up for grabs" and offered to a third party who is anxious to have a child. We abhor the practice reported to occur in some countries of selling or giving away children, and we believe that this is exactly what would
Children and Parents
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatal Bacterial Infections Associated With Platelet Transfusions—United States, 2004
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Each year, approximately 9 million platelet-unit concentrates are transfused in the United States; an estimated one in 1,000-3,000 platelet units are contaminated with bacteria, resulting in transfusion-associated sepsis in many recipients. To reduce this risk, AABB (formerly the American Association of Blood Banks) adopted a new standard on March 1, 2004, that requires member blood banks and transfusion services to implement measures to detect and limit bacterial contamination in all platelet components. This report summarizes two fatal cases of transfusion-associated sepsis in platelet recipients in 2004 and describes results of a 2004 survey of infectious-disease consultants regarding their knowledge of transfusion-associated bacterial infections and the new AABB standard. Health-care providers should be aware of the new standard and the need for bacterial testing of platelets to improve transfusion safety. However, health-care providers also should be able to diagnose transfusion-associated infections, because even when testing complies with the new standard, false negatives can occur and fatal bacterial sepsis can result.
Role of hepatitis B core-related antigen and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen level in the natural history of chronic HBV infection
Authors: G.P. Caviglia, A. Olivero, A. Ciancio, F. Tandoi, G. Troshina, C. Bosco, L. Boglione, M. Rizzetto, R. Romagnoli, G.M. Saracco, A. Smedile
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Reviewers.
Authors: H. M. Bracken
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Minneapolis, Jan. 22, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me to thank you for your editorial on " The Reviewing of Medical Publications" in the Jan. 16, 1897, number of theJournal. It is not long ago that I put upon the market a text-book (Outlines of Materia Medica and Pharmacology). It had its weak points and no one would recognize these facts sooner than the author. One reviewer dwelt upon a typographic error in the spelling of one word, that was, however, properly spelled in many places throughout the book. In this same review the book was severely criticised because of its weakness in therapeutics when the preface distinctly stated that it was<i>not</i>a work on therapeutics. Another reviewer who signed himself "R. W. W." and who is the American editor of an English work on materia medica, made the most vicious criticisms. At the same time they displayed
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission on Medical Education. The sciences of medical practice, summary report
Authors: R. Q. Marston
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission on Medical Education began its study in February 1990, in response to the perception of many medical educators that medical student education needed fundamental change. Results of a Louis Harris survey of US medical educators in 1989 clearly indicated that "deans, department chairmen, and clinical faculty overwhelmingly endorsed the need for 'fundamental changes' or 'thorough reform' in medical student education."<sup>1</sup>Faculty, students, and practicing physicians share concern about the science education students receive in medical school and the fact that they are too often not engaged by the science components of their education. At the same time, US medical schools have assembled the richest source of scientific talent in history; their scientists play a leading role in the evolution of a new biology created by advances in molecular medicine that cross all departmental and disciplinary lines and require a renewed emphasis on understanding