tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 047: Trajectories of Maintaining Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity in Young Adulthood and Associations with Abdominal Adiposity in Middle Age: The Cardia Study
Authors: Christina M Shay, Laura Colangelo, Mercedes R Carnethon, Kiang Liu, Norrina B Allen, Cora E Lewis, Jared P Reis, David R Jacobs, J G Terry, J J Carr
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Greater abdominal adiposity is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-related vascular disease. Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with abdominal adiposity yet associations between trends in adherence to PA recommendations through young adulthood and abdominal adiposity in middle age is unclear. Objective: To identify common trajectories of maintaining recommended levels of PA through young adulthood and to examine associations between trajectories and abdominal adiposity at middle age. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. PA was assessed at 8 exams across 25 years of follow-up. PA trajectories were identified by group-based modeling (PROC TRAJ) based on likelihood of maintaining recommended PA levels across exams. Visceral, subcutaneous, and abdominal intermuscular adipose tissue volumes (cm3) were assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43-55 yrs, n=3180). Results: Four major PA trajectories were identified: highly active (27.3%), declining activity (18.2%), modestly active (20.7%) and always sedentary (33.8%). Abdominal adipose tissue volumes by PA trajectory, race, and sex are displayed in Figure 1. Among white men and women, abdominal adiposity was lowest in always active adults and highest in those always sedentary; higher abdominal adiposity was observed with declining activity compared to modest activity. In black women, highest levels of abdominal adiposity were observed with declining activity. Black men exhibited no differences in abdominal adiposity across PA trajectory groups. Conclusions: Maintaining recommended physical activity levels through young adulthood is associated with lower abdominal adiposity at middle age. Highly active adults who exhibit declining physical activity towards middle age exhibit higher abdominal adiposity compared to adults with consistent modest activity throughout adulthood.
Hundert Totalexstirpationen bei Myoma Uteri ohne Todesfall.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Principles and practice of medical genetics (2nd edn) edited by A.E.H. Emery and D.L. Rimoin Churchill Livingstone, 1990. £195.00 (xxi + 938 pages, Vol. 1; xxii + 2079 pages, Vol. 2) ISBN O 443 03583 0
Authors: B Ponder
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1991)
Knees
Authors: J Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Ad Libitum5 December 2000KneesJack Coulehan, MDJack Coulehan, MDSetauket, NY 11733 (Coulehan)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-11-200012050-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An old man rubs his trousersas he mutters his prayersin the pew beside me.An image of my grandfather flickersand bursts into flame—a bald little man in checked pajamaswho died one day at the stroke of dawn,leaving behind hima gnome-like body with its mouth open.For forty years he pushed a broomat a chemical companyin Pittsburgh and gave me glasswareto use in my experiments, one of whichwas creating colorfrom water. Each night he knelt by his rockerto pray before bed. The same kneesabsorbed the afternoon sunfrom the porch of a cottage at Miami Beach,where he had ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Setauket, NY 11733 (Coulehan)Corresponding Author: Jack Coulehan, MD, 4 Townsend Court, Setauket, NY 11733. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 December 2000Volume 133, Issue 11Page: 915KeywordsHeartKneesMouthStroke ePublished: 5 December 2000 Issue Published: 5 December 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Confounding in Air Pollution Epidemiology: When Does Two-Stage Regression Identify the Problem?
Authors: Allan H. Marcus, Scott R. Kegler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A two-stage approach has recently been proposed to assess confounding by copollutants or other variables in time-series epidemiology studies for airborne particulate matter (PM), using independent series from different cities. In the first stage of the proposed method, two regression models are fitted for each city in the analysis. The first relates the health effect to the putative causal variable such as PM without including any copollutant or confounder. The other first-stage model relates a putative confounding variable to PM. In the second stage of the analysis, the estimated city-specific regression slopes for the health-effect-versus-PM model are regressed against the estimated city-specific regression slopes for the confounder-versus-PM model. Under the proposed method, a nonzero intercept estimate in the second-stage regression would be interpreted as indicating a direct pathway from PM to the health effect, and a nonzero slope estimate would be interpreted as indicating at least partial confounding of PM with the putative confounder. A simple counterexample using an additional copollutant variable shows that inferences based on this method could be misleading.
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma in a patient with a burn scar ulcer
Authors: E. Ichikawa, Y. Fujisawa, Y. Tateishi, S. Imakado, F. Otsuka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

A 72‐year‐old woman with a burn scar on the calves of both legs developed an ulcer on her right heel, surrounded by multiple verrucous nodules and plaques. She had experienced similar verrucous lesions on both legs in the burn scar areas. Although the clinical diagnosis was Marjolin's ulcer, histologically the ulcer region showed thick fibrous tissue without any atypical epithelial cells. The verrucous lesions were consistent with the diagnosis of eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA). Moreover, an ESFA‐like growth pattern was seen in the elevated margin of the ulcer. Our findings suggest that these lesions developed as a result of reactive eccrine duct hyperplasia followed by skin tissue remodelling.
Eflapegrastim, a novel and potent long-acting GCSF for reducing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: Integrated results from two phase III trials in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Lee S. Schwartzberg, Gajanan Bhat, Jayaram S. Bharadwaj, Osama Hlalah, Alvaro Restrepo, Inderjit Mehmi, Shanta Chawla, Patrick Wayne Cobb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

539 Background: Eflapegrastim (E) is a novel long-acting GCSF comprised of recombinant human GCSF covalently linked to human IgG4 Fc fragment via a PEG linker (MW, 72 kDa). E showed increased potency vs pegfilgrastim (P) in preclinical and Phase I and II trials. Two identically designed Phase III pivotal trials (NCT02643420, NCT02953340) were conducted globally with a fixed dose of 13.2 mg E containing 3.6 mg GCSF to evaluate E vs P (6 mg) in pts receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Methods: Each open-label trial randomized pts 1:1 to a single subcutaneous dose of E 13.2 mg/0.6 mL or P 6 mg/0.6 mL on Day 2 of each of four 21-day cycles following Day 1 adj/neoadj docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 + cyclophosphamide 600mg/m 2 (TC). The primary endpoint was to demonstrate E non-inferiority (NI) to P as measured by mean duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) in Cycle 1. Results: A total 643 intent-to-treat pts (314 E/329 P) with median age 60 yrs (24–88) were enrolled. Cycle 1 mean (SD) DSN was 0.24 (0.581) vs 0.36 (0.789) days for E and P, confirming NI (p &lt; .0001) and suggesting statistical superiority (p &lt; .029). DSN NI was also shown across cycles 2–4. Among subgroups, including elderly (≥65 yrs) and overweight ( &gt; 75kg) pts, DSN was reduced for E vs P. In Cycle 1, E showed an absolute risk reduction for severe neutropenia of 6.5% vs P (27.1% relative risk reduction, p &lt; .043). Neutropenic complications (hospitalization and/or anti-infective use) were 2.9% and 4.0% for E and P (p = ns). Incidence of FN was low for both E and P, 1.6% vs 1.8% in Cycle 1 and 3.2% vs 3.0% overall. ANC profiles showed sustained increased levels for E vs P in the recovery phase across all cycles. Safety profiles were similar for E and P, including primarily for expected hematologic AEs and for bone pain and other musculoskeletal pain. Conclusions: These integrated pivotal trial results confirm a similar safety profile and non-inferiority in reducing neutropenic risk for E at a lower GCSF dose vs P. The data also suggests the potential for increased potency of E to deliver improved clinical benefit, a possibility that warrants further clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT02643420, NCT02953340.
Two thousand schizophrenia trials, 1948-97---and still much room for improvement
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Terms used to describe trials may have different meanings for patientsLittle is known about patients' perspectives of participation in randomised controlled trials.On p 1177 Featherstone and Donovan explore the understandings of randomisation among middle aged and elderly men participating in a trial of treatments for benign prostatic disease.Most men were able to recall and describe basic aspects of randomisation such as the involvement of chance, but they also developed alternative accounts to help them make sense of their experiences.The use of terms with different meanings for patients and trialists (such as "trial") caused confusion, as did inaccuracies in patient information.Providing clear and accurate patient information is crucial, and patients need to be able to discuss their concerns about concepts such as randomisation if they are to give truly informed consent to participate in randomised controlled trials.
William C. Cruikshank (1745-1800) Surgeon of Leicester Square
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of interferon alfa on the dynamics of hepatitis C virus turnover in vivo
Authors: S Zeuzem
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In about 30% to 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C, treatment with recombinant interferon alfa (r-IFN alpha) causes a decrease of serum aminotransferases and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA. The antiviral mechanism of interferon alfa (IFN alpha) in vivo is unknown. From serial measurements of serum HCV-RNA concentrations following IFN alpha induced perturbation of the balance between virus production and clearance, we obtained kinetic information on the pretreatment steady-state of HCV. In patients with chronic hepatitis C responding to IFN alpha, HCV-RNA declined exponentially with a half life of approximately 2 days. Modeling of the data predicts that in patients with chronic hepatitis C responding to IFN alpha this cytokine predominantly acts as an inhibitor of de novo infection of susceptible cells. HCV is released from infected cells with a mean half life of 2.7 +/- 1.3 days, whereas the clearance rate from serum is faster (mean half life, 0.7 +/- 0.4 days). The minimum virus production and clearance per day in patients with chronic hepatitis C was calculated to be 6.7 x 1010 virions/d (range, 0.2 to 43.8 x 1010 virions/d). These values showed no correlation with the HCV genotype, aminotransferase levels, or the histological activity as assessed before the administration of r-IFN alpha. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of serum aminotransferases as surrogate markers of hepatocyte integrity revealed half lifes for the release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from hepatocytes of 4.7 +/- 3.8 and 3.0 +/- 3.5 days, respectively. The half life data for HCV in chronically infected patients are remarkably similar to recently published data on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggesting that both RNA viruses replicate continuously and highly productive in vivo. The turnover rates explain the rapid generation of viral diversity and the opportunity for viral escape phenomena from the host immune surveillance. (Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):366-71)
Biochem &amp;amp; Biophys Res Commun, New York
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mother's weight predicts adult obesity better than birth weight
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Early neonatal mortality is more likely in infants born at night Analysis of data on over two million spontaneous live births in Sweden showed that infants born at night have a greater risk of infant and neonatal mortality than infants born in the day.A detailed 24 hour analysis showed two "high risk periods"-between 5 pm and 1 am and around 9 am.Luo and Karlberg (p 1327) found that these differences were more obvious for preterm births and for deaths related to asphyxia.The differences have not diminished over the past two decades and were greater in the 1990s, when there was a 30% increase in early neonatal mortality, even with the improvements in medical care and technologies.Staff shift changes and the periods immediately after are high risk periods for early neonatal care, and better vigilance and management of shift changes may improve night time neonatal care.
Textbook of Biochemistry
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of oral contraceptives by women with epilepsy
Authors: Kenneth W. Elkington
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> After reading the excellent article by Mattson et al<sup>1</sup>on oral contraception use in epileptic women, I would like to raise the following points. The authors discuss valproic acid (Depakene) from the standpoint of decreased incidence of breakthrough bleeding, but fail to mention studies linking its use in pregnancy to a 2% risk of neural tube defects. This level of risk has prompted the Centers for Disease Control to establish a regist registry for women receiving valproate during pregnancy.<sup>2</sup>It would seem reasonable that this particular anticonvulsant be avoided and used only as a last resort. While the authors acknowledge the tenuous link between breakthrough bleeding and oral contraceptive efficacy, the relatively high rate of breakthrough bleeding in the patient population discussed makes it a real concern for both clinician and patient. The recommendation to switch from a 30or 40-μg preparation to "50 μg of
Gestational diabetes: panelists set guidelines for detection, control
Authors: T. Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Screening Kjcreening pregnant women for gestational diabetes at 24 to 28 weeks gestation has become routine obstetrical practice worldwide since the First International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes in 1979. Defined as "carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy," this condition appears in 2% to 3% of all pregnant women in the United States. Since that 1979 meeting, however, knowledge about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has greatly increased, says Norbert Freinkel, MD, Kettering Professor of Medicine at Northwestern University Medical School in Chicago and director of Northwestern's Diabetes in Pregnancy Center. Among the most important findings, he adds, is the establishment of gestational diabetes as a phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneous condition and the demonstration of the palpable impact this maternal condition has "on the immediate and long-range fate of the offspring." The 1979 meeting had established the augury that gestational diabetes had "for permanent diabetes mellitus in the mother,"
Highlights from the <i>Circulation</i> Family of Journals
Authors: Yoav Michowitz, Adi Anis-Heusler, Eyal Reinstein, Oholi Tovia-Brodie, Aharon Glick, Bernard Belhassen, Erik Ingelsson, James De Lemos, Kevin Damman, Iris Beldhuis, Koen Streng, Jozine Maaten, Adriaan Voors, Peter Van Der Meer, Patrick Rossignol, John Mcmurray
Journal: Circulation (2017)

BACKGROUND: Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is considered a sporadic disease occurring in ≈22.5 cases per 10 000 in the general population.We define the prevalence and characteristics of familial AVNRT among patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS:Ablation reports of all patients with familial AVNRT (at least 2 first-degree family members) who underwent radiofrequency ablation in our institution and in another hospital were reviewed.There were 1587 patients from our institution, of whom 20 had ≥1 first-degree relatives with AVNRT.This indicates a familial AVNRT prevalence of 127 cases per 10 000 (95% confidence interval, 82-196/10 000).First-degree relatives of patients with AVNRT presented a hazard ratio of at least 3.6 for exhibiting AVNRT compared with the general population.After inclusion of 4 families with familial AVNRT who underwent ablation at another hospital our population study comprised a total of 24 families (50 patients) with AVNRT.Patients at ablation were younger in the familial AVNRT group when compared with the sporadic AVNRT group (44.2±19 versus 54.8±18 years old, P=0.0001).The male/female ratio was similar, with female predominance.The supraventricular tachycardia mechanism was typical slow/fast reentry in most cases in both groups.The most common familial relationship in our 24 families included a parent and a child in 67% of cases and less often 2 siblings (29%).CONCLUSIONS: Familial AVNRT prevalence is higher than previously believed suggesting that this arrhythmia may have a genetic component.Autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance is the most likely mode of inheritance.