tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Frequency of germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes in malignant mesothelioma.
Authors: Vasiliki Panou, Meghana Gadiraju, Arthur Wolin, Caroline M. Weipert, Emily Skarda, Aliya N. Husain, Jyoti D. Patel, Buerkley Rose, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Amy Knight Johnson, Maria Helgeson, David Fischer, Nanna Sulai, Kiran Turaga, Dezheng Huo, Jeremy Segal, Sabah Kadri, Zejuan Li, Hedy L. Kindler, Jane E. Churpek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

8564 Background: Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is thought to be largely due to asbestos exposure, but the prevalence and the causative role of germline cancer susceptibility gene mutations in MM is unknown. Methods: Targeted genomic capture and next generation sequencing of 85 cancer susceptibility genes was performed on DNA extracted from peripheral blood or saliva from 198 patients with pleural, peritoneal, or tunica vaginalis MM presenting to The University of Chicago Mesothelioma Clinic. Results: The patient population fit usual MM demographics: the majority were male (n = 136, 69%), had pleural disease (n = 148, 75%), epithelioid histology (n = 157, 79%), and a history of occupational asbestos exposure (n = 129, 65%). The median age at MM diagnosis was 67 years (range 24-88). We identified 24 pathogenic germline mutations in 13 genes in 23/198 (12%) MM patients. BAP1 mutations were the most common (n = 6, 25%). The remaining were in genes involved in cell cycle and DNA repair (n = 14), oxygen sensing (n = 2), endosome trafficking (n = 1), and cell growth (n = 1). Pleural site (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.10-0.58), asbestos exposure (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.11-0.72), and older age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99) were associated with decreased odds of carrying a germline mutation while having a second cancer diagnosis (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.22-9.07) significantly increased the odds. The odds of carrying a mutation in BAP1 (OR 1658; 95% CI 199-76224), BRCA2 (OR 5; 95% CI 1.0-14.7), CDKN2A (OR 53; 95% CI 6-249), TMEM127 (OR 88; 95% CI 1.7-1105), and VHL (OR 50; 95% CI 1.1-453) were significantly higher in MM cases than in a non-cancer control population. Tumor sequencing identified mutations in a homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway gene in 52% (n = 29/54), including BAP1 (n = 27), FANCA (n = 2), ATM (n = 1), ATR (n = 1), BRCA2 (n = 1), and CHEK2 (n = 1). Conclusions: A significant proportion of MM patients carry germline pathogenic mutations in cancer susceptibility genes, especially those with peritoneal MM, minimal asbestos exposure, young age, and a second cancer diagnosis. These data support clinical germline genetic testing for MM patients and provide rationale for a further investigation of the HR pathway in MM.
Trends in Sexual Risk Behavior Among High School Students—United States, 1990, 1991, and 1993
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Since the early 1980s, adolescents in the United States have experienced high rates of unintended pregnancies (1) and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (2), including HIV infection (3). Since 1990, CDC's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System has enabled measurement of priority health-risk behaviors among high school students at the national, state, and local levels (4). This report examines data from the 1990, 1991, and 1993 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)* to describe trends in selected self-reported sexual risk behaviors among U.S. high school students.
Comment: carcinoma of the anus
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FORTUNATELY, tumors of the anus are uncommon; they constitute less than 5% of rectal carcinomas. The major sex differentiation is that the lesions are more likely to arise on the anal verge in men, and in the anal canal in women. The age range for peak incidence is from the fourth to sixth decades. This tumor is often mistaken for a benign lesion since pruritus is the most common symptom; an association with hemorrhoids, fissures, leukoplakia, or condyloma is not unusual. Even rectal bleeding may be attributed to accompanying and more common benign states. It is only with complaints of tenesmus resulting from a mass, recurring pain in the perineum, or repeated rectal hemorrhages that the patient becomes concerned and seeks medical attention. Incontinence and stricture are late findings; the former suggests deep invasion into muscle, rendering the sphincteric control incompetent; stricture decreases stool caliber. Lymphogranuloma venereum should be added
An Open, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) With Glibenclamide as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled on Metformin
Authors: Balavenkatesh Kanna, Heidi Abreu-Pacheco
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

the most common location (4).Acral lentiginous melanoma is the most common melanoma type that presents on the plantar aspect of the foot (3).This type of melanoma is commonly amelanotic, frequently ulcerates (5), and does not exhibit the classic signs of malignant melanoma associated with the mnemonic aid "ABCD" (asymmetry, border, color, diameter).In a review (6) of 53 lower extremity melanomas, 11 of 18 (61%) misdiagnosed cases were on the plantar foot.All misdiagnosed lesions were histopathologically acral lenginous melanomas.Initial misdiagnoses included nonhealing ulcer, wart, tinea pedis, and onychomycosis.Another retrospective review (7) of palmoplantar melanoma found that misdiagnosis led to a median delay of treatment for 12 months and was associated with increased tumor thickness (5.0 vs. 1.5 mm) and a lower 5-year survival rate (15.4 vs. 68.9%).We are not supposing that plantar melanoma occurs more frequently in individuals with diabetes.However, we believe there is a greater chance of misdiagnosis given this population's predilection toward plantar ulceration.An individual with peripheral sensory neuropathy is more likely to unknowingly ambulate on a plantar foot lesion, and this increased pressure and trauma can cause a lesion to initially resemble a diabetic foot ulcer.This case and short review emphasizes the importance of performing biopsies on chronic and atypical wounds early in the treatment algorithm of diabetic foot ulcers.
Medical profession should give more decisive leadership
Authors: J. Last
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Contemplating a one child worldFundamental rethinking is needed EDITOR,-A one child world' may just be possible in China, a country of coercion, abortion, and neglect of orphans; it may also be achievable soon in Catholic Italy and Ireland.For most countries, though, the switch from demographic transition (average families of 2-1 children) to ecological transition (a one child world) is at least a generation away, and in countries threatened by or already experiencing demographic entrapment this will take much longer.The resurgence of nationalism also complicates this objective, as many ethnic groups will insist that a one child family should not apply to them.If human survival on a global level is possible, families urgently need to adopt not only a one child world but one in which the destructive ecological effect of each person is as small as possible.2'The issues of demographic and ecological entrapment must become central to the debate over scientific and public health policy; the taboos that hamper this must be dropped.Fundamental rethinking is needed.This is especially true in the industrialised countries in the North, where the ecological effect of one person easily outweighs that of 50 in the non-industrialised South.Improved surveillance of, and response to, the catastrophic public health threats that the North now faces is not an adequate solution.4The explosion of the consumption bomb threatens populations in both the North and the South.5To defuse it, fundamental rethinking is needed; along with the nuclear and population bombs this is the greatest threat to public health that we currently face.
Ribbon development
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Mutants of human superoxide dismutase-1 (hSOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and mitochondria are thought to be primary targets of the cytotoxic action. The high expression rates of hSOD1s in transgenic ALS models give high levels of the stable mutants G93A and D90A as well as the wild-type human enzyme, significant proportions of which lack Cu and the intrasubunit disulfide bond. The endogenous murine SOD1 (mSOD1) also lacks Cu and is disulfide reduced but is active and oxidized in mice expressing the low-level unstable mutants G85R and G127insTGGG. The possibility that the molecular alterations may cause artificial loading of the stable hSOD1s into mitochondria was explored. Approximately 10% of these hSOD1s were localized to mitochondria, reaching levels 100-fold higher than those of mSOD1 in control mice. There was no difference between brain and spinal cord and between stable mutants and the wild-type hSOD1. mSOD1 was increased fourfold in mitochondria from high-level hSOD1 mice but was normal in those with low levels, suggesting that the Cu deficiency and disulfide reduction cause mitochondrial overloading. The levels of G85R and G127insTGGG mutant hSOD1s in mitochondria were 100- and 1000-fold lower than those of stable mutants. Spinal cords from symptomatic mice contained hSOD1 aggregates covering the entire density gradient, which could contaminate isolated organelle fractions. Thus, high hSOD1 expression rates can cause artificial loading of mitochondria. Unstable low-level hSOD1s are excluded from mitochondria, indicating other primary locations of injury. Such models may be preferable for studies of ALS pathogenesis.
Nicotine and addiction. The Brown and Williamson documents
Authors: J. Slade
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To learn how nicotine has been regarded by a major tobacco company. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Documents from Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation (B&amp;W), the British American Tobacco Company (BAT), and other tobacco interests provided by an anonymous source, obtained from Congress, and received from the private papers of a former BAT officer. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All available materials, including confidential reports regarding research and internal memoranda exchanged between tobacco industry lawyers. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —During a period of 22 years (1962 to 1984), employees of B&amp;W and BAT conducted research and commented on the pharmacology of nicotine. They consistently regarded nicotine as the pharmacological agent that explained tobacco use. In the early part of the period under study, officials of the companies wrote about nicotine addiction explicitly. Inhalation of cigarette smoke by the consumer was recognized throughout the period as necessary for the normal function of a cigarette. The documents contain little indication that research was conducted on either the taste or the flavor of nicotine. The documents reveal an intention on the part of B&amp;W and its corporate parent to affect the function of the body with nicotine. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:225-233)
Carcinogenicity Evaluations and Ongoing Studies: The IARC Databases
Authors: Harri Vainio, Michel Coleman, Julian Wilbourn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Many thousands of chemicals are produced industrially and many more occur naturally. Information on the toxicology of these chemicals is often minimal or absent. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has published evaluations of the carcinogenic risk to humans of over 700 chemicals, groups of chemicals, and complex mixtures as a regular series of monographs. A database has been created containing summaries of all the relevant epidemiological, animal carcinogenicity, and other relevant biological data for each chemical or mixture evaluated. Additional databases have been created for ongoing epidemiological studies of cancer in humans and for long-term carcinogenicity studies in rodents, as well as a database containing information on genotoxic and related effects of chemicals. Some of these databases have been published in print form. IARC now plans to publish them electronically, together with other databases, in the form of a CDROM (compact disk, read-only memory). The objective will be to make the entire IARC database of cancer information as widely available as possible in an integrated format conducive to efficient and combined exploitation of all the component databases.
Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: H K Koh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

CUTANEOUS melanoma has become a common form of cancer.1 Decades of steady increases in the incidence and mortality rates of cutaneous malignant melanoma have sparked global interest in the nature of this cancer.2 3 4 5 6 Recent research has advanced our understanding of cutaneous melanoma and its biology, natural history, and treatment.7 This article reviews the current state of knowledge of melanoma and outlines approaches to treatment and control.EpidemiologyThe incidence of melanoma continues to rise throughout the world (Table 1). In the United States, the incidence of melanoma has almost tripled in the past four decades, growing faster than that of . . .
NETHERLANDS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperprescribers Feel Pain of Legal Prosecution in Spain
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cyclic sciatica of endometriosis
Authors: J. S. Forrest
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two cases of cyclic sciatica were caused by endometriosis. Both patients gave histories of progressive sciatic pain aggravated at the onset of menses and lasting for several days following menses, but only one had palpable evidence of pelvic endometriosis. The "pocket sign" present in both of these cases appeared pathognomonic for the disease process. A complete menstrual history and its relation to sciatic pain in all premenopausal women is mandatory. The relative paucity of cases reported might not reflect the true incidence of this disease. The treatment of choice is considered bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Axin1 deficiency in human and mouse hepatocytes induces hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of beta-catenin activation
Authors: A. Shirley, C. Coulouarn, R. Bruno, S. Mathilde, P. Bossard, S. Romain, J. Calderaro, J. Zucman-Rossi, J. Pierre-Alexandre, C. Perret, Héléne Gilgenkrantz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Sperm Shape Abnormalities in Carbaryl-Exposed Employees
Authors: A. J. Wyrobek, G. Watchmaker, L. Gordon, K. Wong, D. Moore, D. Whorton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Semen was collected from 50 men occupationally exposed to carbaryl (1-naphthyl methyl carbamate) in a produciton plant for durations of 1 to 18 years and compared to semen from a control group of 34 unexposed, newly-hired workers. Employment, fertility, health, personal data, and blood samples were collected for each individual. Semen samples were analyzed for changes in sperm count, morphology, and frequency of sperm carrying double flourescent bodies (YFF). As a group, the exposed workers showed a significantly higher proportion of sperm with abnormal head shapes than did the control group (p &lt; 0.005). Age, smoking habits, and medical problems did not appear to affect this result. This finding appears to be limited to men working in the carbaryl production area at the time of sampling. Sperm count and YFF did not show similar differences, which may be because they are known to be statistically less sensitive to small changes. Formerly exposed workers (away from carbaryl for an average of 6.3 years) showed a marginally significant elevation in sperm abnormalities compared to controls (p &lt; .05, one-tailed statistical analyses) suggesting that the increase in abnormal morphology may not be reversible. However, the question of reversibility is sensitive to confounding factors and small sample sizes and, therefore, requires further study. With these data a definitive link between carbaryl exposure and human seminal defects cannot be established. Although a distinct effect on sperm morphology was seen in the exposed group, the increases in sperm shape abnormalities were not related to exposure dose (estimated by number of years on the job or job classification during the year prior to semen collection). Inexplicably, the increases in sperm abnormalities were seen primarily in currently exposed men who had worked with carbaryl for less than approximately 6 years. These findings suggest the need for further study since other workplace-related factor(s) may be responsible for the elevated sperm abnormalities seen in this study.
Some Common Trends in British and American Mental Hospital Psychiatry
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment failures with whole-body extract therapy of insect sting allergy
Authors: D. B. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Whole-body extracts (WBEs) remain in widespread use for therapy of insect sting anaphylaxis two years after the approval of Hymenoptera venoms. We have reviewed our experience with WBEs in our patient population. Of 250 patients who received WBE, 115 had subsequent stings. Systemic allergic reactions occurred in 65%, large local reactions in 23%, and no reaction in 12%. There was no consistent change in the severity of systemic reactions during WBE treatment. Systemic reactions occurred less commonly in younger persons or after at least two years of WBE treatment. We conclude that WBE is not effective for the prevention of allergic insect sting reactions. The natural history of the disease may account for its apparent efficacy in young people or those having prolonged WBE therapy. Venom immunotherapy is safe and rapidly effective and is the only protective treatment recommended. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2460-2463)
Contents
Authors: Anath Shalev, Noelle Patterson, Boaz Hirshberg, Kristina Rother, David Harlan, Dongmei Jia, Mitsuyoshi Yamamoto, Munenori Otani, Makoto Otsuki, Kwame Osei, Scott Rhinesmith, Trudy Gaillard, Dara Schuster, Bo Zhang, Huai Bai, Rui Liu, Koichiro Kumagai, Hiroyuki Itabe, Tatsuya Takano, Keijiro Saku, G Valsamakis, P Mcternan, R Chetty, N Al Daghri, A Field, W Hanif, A Barnett, S Kumar, Giulio Marchesini, Nazario Melchionda, Giovanni Apolone, Massimo Cuzzolaro, Edoardo Mannucci, Ramin Alemzadeh, Christian Fledelius, Thora Bodvarsdottir, Jeppe Sturis, Toshio Ogura, Kazuharu Matsuura, Yosuke Matsumoto, Yukari Mimura, Masayuki Kishida, Fumio Otsuka, Kazuo Tobe, Ann Petro, Juliann Cotter, Dale Cooper, John Peters, Sarah Surwit, Richard Surwit, Coleen Damcott, Eleanor Feingold, Susan Moffett, M Barmada, Julie Marshall, Richard Hamman, Robert Ferrell, John Morrison, Ralph Gruppo, Charles Glueck, Davis Stroop, Robert Fontaine, Ping Wang, Kathleen Smith, Zuzana Vlasa ´kova ´, Terezie Pelika ´nova ´, Karasova Ludmila, Jelena Skibova, Takuya Watanabe, Shinji Koba, Mitsuharu Kawamura, Masashi Itokawa, Tsunenori Idei, Yukiko Nakagawa, Takashi Iguchi, Takashi Katagiri, Kaspar Berneis, David Shames, Patricia Blanche, La Belle, Manfredi Rizzo, Ronald Krauss, Hitoshi Ishida, Makoto Takizawa, Sachihiko Ozawa, Yoko Nakamichi, Shinya Yamaguchi, Hidenori Katsuta, Toshiaki Tanaka, Masahiro Maruyama, Hiroshi Katahira, Katsuhiko Yoshimoto, Eiji Itagaki, Shinya Nagamatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2004)