tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extrapolation of Animal Carcinogenicity Data: Limitations and Pitfalls
Authors: M. D. Hogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Laboratory-generated animal bioassay data often serve as the basis for estimating potential human cancer risk. However, there is no single procedure that has been universally accepted as the method of choice for extrapolating experimentally observed results to the low exposure levels that are generally of public health concern. All of the models proposed to date suffer from various limitations. Therefore, the most prudent approach may be to rely primarily on the more conservative procedures such as linear extrapolation until a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the process of carcinogenesis is attained. In addition to the choice of an extrapolation model, there are a variety of other factors, such as the incorporation of background cancer rates, the potential for synergistic reactions, differential pharmacokinetic effects and differences in exposure regimen, that can have a significant bearing on the extrapolation of animal carcinogenicity data to man.
The authors reply
Authors: T. Sato, M. Arita
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article The authors reply Get access Toshiaki Sato, Toshiaki Sato Department of Physiology, Oita Medical University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Makoto Arita Makoto Arita Department of Physiology, Oita Medical University, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 11, November 1992, Page 1158, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.11.1158 Published: 01 November 1992
Black's Medical Cyclopedia.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
State medical association's role in the continuing education of the practicing physician
Authors: D. W. Petit
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A state medical association can have a strong role in continuing medical education if it represents the physician, bears the responsibility and privilege for continuing education of its members, and recognizes today's needs and inadequacies in this field. It can act as a catalyst between its members and medical educators; it can coordinate educational activities of other organizations and can provide leadership in developing evaluation programs; it can serve in accreditation activities; it can help in motivating the physician to participate in continuing medical education; it can strengthen the relationship between medical schools, medical societies, and hospitals; it can provide a statewide forum for exchange of ideas and problems in continuing medical education. I suggest that the American Medical Association provide an annual national forum for all state medical associations to accomplish the same goals together.
I have just returned to work as a flexible paediatric specialist registrar (SpR) in a new trust after 12 months' maternity leave after the birth of my first child. I am now pregnant again and considering a career break after the birth because our family circumstances make it difficult to obtain appropriate child care. I am concerned about the implications for my progression to a certificate of completion of specialist training (CCST); I am year three. Would I be able to retain my national …
Authors: Anne Hastie
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
Randomized phase II study of weekly versus every 3 week ixabepilone plus bevacizumab (ixa/bev) versus paclitaxel plus bev (pac/bev) as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Final results.
Authors: H. S. Rugo, M. Campone, D. Amadori, A. M. Wardley, D. Aldrighetti, P. F. Conte, D. Liu, B. Mudenda, M. B. McHenry, X. B. Pivot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

1040 Background: Pac/bev is superior to pac alone as first-line therapy for MBC. Ixa/bev has greater preclinical activity than pac/bev in human tumor models. The primary objective of this trial was to evaluate objective response rates (ORR) of ixa/bev given weekly or every 3 weeks relative to pac/bev as first-line therapy for women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: Women with measurable HER2-negative tumors and no prior chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer were randomized in a 3:3:2 ratio to Arm A (ixa 16 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 q28 days/ bev 10 mg/kg IV q 2 wks), Arm B (ixa 40 mg/m2 IV q3 wks /bev 15 mg/kg IV q 3 wks) or Arm C (pac 90 mg/m2 IV, schedule/bev as in Arm A). Treatment was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: Final efficacy and safety results of all randomized/treated subjects are presented here. Baseline characteristics were balanced between arms except for hormone receptor status, liver metastasis, and time from diagnosis to randomization, which favored arm C. Exposure to chemotherapy in each arm was comparable; median cycles for bev received was 6.0 for Arm A and 10.5 for arms B and C. Conclusions: Ixa/bev given weekly or q 3 wks demonstrated encouraging clinical activity relative to pac/bev, although observed efficacy was better in the q 3 wks arm. Safety profile was manageable and similar to pac/bev in first-line treatment of MBC. These results support ongoing clinical trials of ixa in first-line MBC, and in combination with bev. Ixa (weekly)+ bev Ixa (q3wks) + bev Pac + bev Arm A (N=46)* Arm B (N=45) Arm C (N=32) Baseline characteristics (%) ER+/PR+ 70 58 75 ER+/PR- 9 20 9 Triple-negative 17 20 16 Liver metastasis 48 47 28 Median time from initial diagnosis to randomization (wks) 39 38 55 Efficacy ORR, % (95% CI) 48 (32.9- 63.1) 71 (55.7-83.6) 63 (43.7-78.9) Median PFS (mo) (95% CI) 9.6 (6.1-11.7) 11.9 (8.7-14.7) 13.5 (10.0- 18.2) Safety, % Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy 18 24 25 Grade 3/4 neutropenia 16 60 22 Febrile neutropenia 0 2 0 * N > 45 treated subjects. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche, sanofi-aventis Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech
Abstract 139: Transcriptional Regulation By Infliximab Therapy In Kawasaki Disease Patients With Immunoglobulin Resistance
Authors: Yoshihito Ogihara, Shohei Ogata, Takasuke Ebato, Manabu Takanashi, Takashi Honda, Sumito Kimura, Masahiro Ishii
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Infliximab (IFX) is a known monoclonal antibody against TNF-α that is used to treat Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance. The transcriptional modulation of inflammation following IFX therapy has not been reported in KD patients. Methods: We investigated the transcript abundance profiles in whole blood obtained from eight IVIG-resistant KD subjects treated with IFX therapy using microarray platforms and compared them to those in initially IVIG-responsive subjects. A pathway analysis was performed using WikiPathways to search for the biological pathways of the transcript profiles. Four transcripts changed by IFX therapy were subsequently validated using RT-PCR. Results: The pathway analysis showed the reduced abundance of transcripts in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, matrix metalloproteinase, and inflammatory cytokines pathways and the increased abundance of transcripts in the T cell receptor, apoptosis, TGF-β, and IL-2 pathways. Additionally, the levels of four transcripts (peptidase inhibitor-3, matrix metalloproteinase-8, chemokine receptor-2, pentraxin-3) related to KD vasculitis and IVIG resistance decreased after IFX therapy. Conclusions: The administration of IFX was associated with both the signaling pathways of KD inflammation and several transcripts related to IVIG resistance factors. These findings provide strong theoretical support for the use of IFX in KD patients with IVIG resistance.
Lupus Erythematosus, DNA, and Sunshine
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the authors
Authors: A. Vazir, M. J. Morrell, A. K. Simonds
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

We greatly appreciate the comments made by S. Teramoto and co-workers.In our study [1] we suggested that spectral analysis of heart rate in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure could be of value in ruling out severe sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and its use could reduce the burden on sleep laboratories screening for SDB in the heart failure population.However, we stressed that further prospective validation was required and discussed in depth the limitations of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) as a rule-out test for SDB in heart failure.The key limitation is that it cannot be applied to heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), or those with extensive pacing or excessive ventricular ectopy.Therefore, these groups of patients were excluded for analysis of HRV in our study.Thus, we agree with S. Teramoto and coworkers that a more precise conclusion would be: ''spectral analysis of heart rate variation is useful as a rule-out test for SDB in patients with heart failure without significant arrhythmia''.
THE CURDLING OF MILK
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Early is Early Surgery in the Management of Strabismus?
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neoexpression of Lewis Y antigen is a sensitive phenotypic change of the damaged intrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: M Sasaki
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We examined the expression of Lewis antigens, particularly Lewis Y, on the intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells in normal livers and various hepatobiliary diseases with immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic methods. In normal livers, Lewis Y was consistently and generally negative in the bile ductules and small bile ducts, respectively. This antigen was frequently and strongly expressed on these ducts and ductules showing variable pathological changes such as necroinflammation and proliferation in a majority of hepatobiliary diseases independent on their etiology, whereas a majority of normal-appearing bile ducts and ductules in these pathological conditions were negative. Immunoelectron microscopically, gold particles suggesting the presence of Lewis Y were demonstrated on microvilli facing the biliary lumen, lateral cell membranes, secretory granules and Golgi apparatus of abnormal biliary epithelial cells in various hepatobiliary diseases. These data suggest that neoexpression of Lewis Y antigen is a highly sensitive, nonspecific phenotypic change of carbohydrate residues occurring in the abnormal biliary epithelial cells in various hepatobiliary diseases. (Hepatology 1994;19:138–144).
Drugs Evaluated by the Council on Drugs During 1960
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Is a Nation's Health Level Measured?
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The congressional Office of Technology Assessment
Authors: R. C. Herdman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Legislative policy-making in complex modern societies inevitably requires reliable, expert, and unbiased scientific and technological information. To provide such information on current issues and to foresee future problems, the US Congress, in 1972, established a support agency, the congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Since that time, the OTA has grown to include about 100 professionals in a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines. The OTA may be asked by Congress to study any of the entire range of technological issues that come before the Congress and has served as a model for providing technical input to the policy-making process for a number of foreign governments. This issue ofThe Journalinaugurates occasional reports originating in the Health Program and Biological Applications Program of the OTA on subject matter in health care and biomedical science that various congressional committees have deemed of sufficient interest to require formal study. The OTA is
Corrigendum
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Replace"ment of Car M. P." bought a car in May, 1931, for £172, and used it professionally from July, 1932.He sold it in November, 1935, for £25, and bought another car for £160.No depreciation has been claimed.Five-sixths of the use of the car is " professional."*,* After fourteen months' use the written-down value of the car on a 20 per cent.depreciation basis would be £133, and that is the sum to be regarded as the cost of the car as at the date it was taken over for professional use.As the cost of the new car exceeded that amount the replacement claim will be £133 -£25 =) £108, less the one-sixth for professional use-that is, £108 -£18, or £90.This will affect the income tax assessment for 1936-7; we advise our correspondent to claim " depreciation allow- ance" from 1937-8 onwards.Partner becomes Locumtenent LocuM " resigned his partnership as from April 1st, 1935, and during 1935-6 did locumtenent work and post-graduate study, his income being derived from (1) instalments of book debt payments from his late partnership, (2) taxed dividends, and (3) locumtenent fees.
Calcium channel blockers may increase risk of suicide
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ultrasound treatment relieves pain in carpal tunnel syndromeNo effective conservative treatment exists for carpal tunnel syndrome, and surgical decompression is often performed.In a randomised, "sham" controlled study of an intensive schedule of 20 sessions of ultrasound treatment, Ebenbichler et al (p 731) found that treatment led to short and medium term relief of pain and neurological symptoms in patients with mild to moderate forms of the syndrome.Optimal schedules of ultrasound treatment used alone or in combination with other medical treatments await elucidation.Long term efficacy is yet to be determined.
Risks and benefits of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in a real world setting: cohort study in primary care
Journal: BMJ (2018)

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations between direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and risks of bleeding, ischaemic stroke, venous thromboembolism, and all cause mortality compared with warfarin. DesignProspective open cohort study.setting UK general practices contributing to QResearch or Clinical Practice Research Datalink.ParticiPants 132 231 warfarin, 7744 dabigatran, 37 863 rivaroxaban, and 18 223 apixaban users without anticoagulant prescriptions for 12 months before study entry, subgrouped into 103 270 patients with atrial fibrillation and 92 791 without atrial fibrillation between 2011 and 2016. Main OutcOMe MeasuresMajor bleeding leading to hospital admission or death.Specific sites of bleeding and all cause mortality were also studied. resultsIn patients with atrial fibrillation, compared with warfarin, apixaban was associated with a decreased risk of major bleeding (adjusted hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.54 to 0.79) and intracranial bleeding (0.40, 0.25 to 0.64); dabigatran was associated with a decreased risk of intracranial bleeding (0.45, 0.26 to 0.77).An increased risk of all cause mortality was observed in patients taking rivaroxaban (1.19, 1.09 to 1.29) or on lower doses of apixaban (1.27, 1.12 to 1.45).In patients without atrial fibrillation, compared with warfarin, apixaban was associated with a decreased risk of major bleeding (0.60, 0.46 to 0.79), any gastrointestinal bleeding (0.55, 0.37 to 0.83), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (0.55, 0.36 to 0.83); rivaroxaban was associated with a decreased risk of intracranial bleeding (0.54, 0.35 to 0.82).Increased risk of all cause mortality was observed in patients taking rivaroxaban (1.51, 1.38 to 1.66) and those on lower doses of apixaban (1.34, 1.13 to 1.58).cOnclusiOns Overall, apixaban was found to be the safest drug, with reduced risks of major, intracranial, and gastrointestinal bleeding compared with warfarin.Rivaroxaban and low dose apixaban were, however, associated with increased risks of all cause mortality compared with warfarin.