tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interim Recommendations for the Use of &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;/emph&gt; Type b (Hib) Conjugate Vaccines Related to the Recall of Certain Lots of Hib-Containing Vaccines (PedvaxHIB® and Comvax®)
Journal: JAMA (2008)

LRN, established in 1999, is a network of international, national, reference, and sentinel laboratories that are equipped to respond rapidly to acts of terrorism (biologic or chemical), emerging infectious diseases, and other public health emergencies.Sentinel laboratories (e.g., private clinical or hospital based), using American Society of Microbiology protocols, perform presumptive identification of possible biologic terrorism agents and submit isolates to reference laboratories for confirmatory testing.Additional information is available at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/lrn.†The CDC list of category A, B, or C bioterrorism agents includes organisms considered to be priority agents because they can be easily disseminated or transmitted person-to-person, can cause high rates of morbidity or mortality with the potential for major public health effects, can cause public panic and social disruptions, and require special action for public health preparedness.Four species of Brucella, including B. abortus, are listed as category B bioterrorism agents.
Epidemiology and Complications of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections-Reply
Authors: John M. Kobayashi
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Cimolai for bringing the work contained in his abstract to our attention. We are glad to know that others in the Pacific Northwest are also studying risks related to the development of HUS and TTP associated with<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infections. His data further highlight the need for improved surveillance of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infections advocated in our article, since this pathogen has rapidly emerged to become one of the most common causes of bloody diarrhea in the Pacific Northwest. Dr Cimolai raises valid concerns about the inherent limitations of retrospectively collected data. Our data came from direct patient interviews corroborated, where possible, by physician and hospital records. The number of doses and routes of administration of medications were usually known, but since we do not know what duration of exposure may influence the course of<i>E coli</i>O157:H7 infection, we elected not to use
FRI0426 Immunogenicity, adalimumab levels and clinical response in ankylosing spondylitis patients during 24 weeks of follow-up.
Authors: E. L. Kneepkens, J. C. Wei, M. T. Nurmohamed, C. Y. Chen, K. J. Yeo, I. E. van der Horst-Bruinsma, G. J. Wolbink, C. L. Krieckaert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Immunogenicity influences adalimumab levels and therefore clinical response in patients with rheumatic diseases. <h3>Objectives</h3> To study the relation between clinical response, adalimumab levels and anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Observational cohort study of 115 consecutive AS patients treated with adalimumab in the Netherlands (n=85) and Taiwan (n=30), monitored during a maximum of 24 weeks of follow-up. Adalimumab levels and ADA titres were determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an Antigen Binding Test (ABT), respectively, designed by Sanquin Research, Amsterdam. Response to adalimumab treatment was defined as a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) response (50% improvement or an absolute improvement of 2 points on a BASDAI, scale 0-10) and disease activity was measured using the AS Disease Activity Score, including CRP (ASDAS). <h3>Results</h3> Of 115 patients 78 (67.8%) were male and 95 (82.6%) were HLA-B27 positive. At baseline median BASDAI (IQR) was 6.4 (4.5-7.6) and mean ASDAS (SD) was 3.5 (1.0). After 24 weeks 49 (42.6%) patients were BASDAI responders (last observation carried forward), mean ASDAS (SD) for responders was 1.5 (1.0) vs. 2.6 (1.0) for non-responders (p&lt;0.001). Nine patients dropped out: 8 patients (7.0%) due to treatment failure or adverse events and 1 due to loss of follow-up. Thirty-one (27.0%) patients had detectable ADA. After 24 weeks median adalimumab levels (mg/L) (IQR) were significantly higher for ADA negative patients than for ADA positive patients (12,7 (8.2-18.0) vs. 1.2 (0.0-2.0), p&lt;0.001). General estimate equation analysis demonstrated a significant association between adalimumab levels and ASDAS (p=0.02; RC -1.1; 95% CI -2.0 to -0.2). For BASDAI response no significant association with adalimumab levels was found. Eleven (9.6%) patients had no detectable adalimumab levels and high detectable ADA titres (&gt;100 AU/mL). In these patients CRP remained elevated. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Adalimumab levels are related to clinical response in AS patients and are influenced by ADA detectable with an ABT. Therefore therapeutic drug monitoring should be investigated further as a possible tool to optimise treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Kneepkens: None Declared, J. Wei: None Declared, M. Nurmohamed Grant/research support from: Abbott, Roche, Pfizer, Consultant for: Abbott, Roche, Pfizer, MSD, UCB, SOBI and BMS, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Roche, Pfizer, C. Chen: None Declared, K. Yeo: None Declared, I. van der Horst-Bruinsma: None Declared, G. Wolbink Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Amgen, C. Krieckaert: None Declared
Nephrology
Authors: S. G. Massry
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Research directed at further understanding the factors that contribute to the progression of renal failure dominates the field of nephrology.<sup>1</sup>Major advances have occurred, and it has become well accepted that hypertension in patients with renal insufficiency of any origin is a major risk factor. Strict control of hypertension can delay or prevent the progression of renal insufficiency to endstage renal failure. The role of dietary protein restriction in preventing the progression of renal failure has not yet been established. Although the results of many investigations support a beneficial effect of protein restriction, its wide-scale application should await definite documentation. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases is currently sponsoring a multicenter controlled study of the effects of several dietary protein regimens on the progression of renal failure in patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. The study will be completed in 2 years, and the
Omitted Middle Initial and Incorrect Degree
Authors: Macaulay Amechi, Chukwukadibia Onuigbo, Peyman Benharash
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2016)

To the Editor Whereas classic teaching highlights reduced infection risk, fewer hospitalizations, and lower total costs associated with hemodialysis (HD) that is initiated via arteriovenous fistula (AVF) vs hemodialysis catheter (HC), and whereas the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative 1 first published practice guidelines regarding permanent HD access creation and maintenance in 1997, targeting a 50% or greater incidence rate for AVF, Malas et al 2 have demonstrated in a retrospective analysis of 510 000 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US Renal Data System database that 82.6% of these patients initiated HD via HC, 14.0% via AVF, and 3.4% via arteriovenous graft.Arteriovenous fistula use increased only minimally, from 12.2% in 2006 to 15.0% in 2010. 2 Furthermore, patients initiating HD with AVF had 35% lower mortality than those initiating HD with HC (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.64-0.66;P < .001). 2 As a consequence, survival at 1 year was 78% in the HC group compared with 84% for the arteriovenous graft group and 89% for the AVF group (Wilcoxon P < .001). 2 Arteriovenous fistula use was associated with a 38% lower hazard of cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.61-0.64;P < .001)and with a 44% lower hazard of sepsis-related mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.53-0.59;P < .001). 2 The question therefore arises as to why, despite this evidence in support of AVF use at HD initiation, we in the United States have continued to have very low AVF rates at HD initiation despite the widespread implementation of Fistula-First programs. 1Malas et al 2 had proffered some solutions to this problem, such as targeted pay incentives to enhance early nephrology referrals to surgeons for AVF creation and health insurance policy changes to cover for AVF creation procedures. 2 In 2010, I described, for the first time, the syndrome of rapidonset ESRD. 3 This is an acute-yet-irreversible type of ESRD following episodes of acute kidney injury among patients with chronic kidney disease. 3 Our experience suggests that the syndrome of rapid-onset ESRD could at least partly explain why we are unable to achieve higher AVF rates at HD initiation. 3,4 In a recent 13-year cohort analysis of patients with incident ESRD seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, 149 of 1461 patients with ESRD (10.2%) demonstrated the features of the syndrome of rapid-onset ESRD. 4 Furthermore, of these 149 patients, 147 (98.7%) initiated HD with an HC. 4 Perhaps more "renoprevention" measures to reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury may be another solution to the high use of HCs for the care of patients with ESRD in the United States.
501O_PR Epidemiology, real world treatment and outcomes of 423 patients (pts) with angiosarcoma (AS) in Asia: A report from the Asian Sarcoma Consortium (ASC)
Authors: R. Quek, H.H. Loong, V. Sriuranpong, M. Farid, S.H. Tan, W.L. Goh, S. Mingmalairak, T.W.-W. Chen, C.-C. Chang, A. Pang, S. Teo, M.E. Puhaindran, M.M. Maw, R. Ngan, A.K.C. Leung, J.C. Chan, T. Hirose, M. Endo, A. Kawai
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Subject Index
Authors: J. Eyer, S.V. Kasl, S. Cobb, F. Kittel, M. Kornitzer, M. Dramaix, N. van Dijkhuizen, H. Reiche, T. Theorell, L.J.P van Doornen, David Jenkins, Stephen J. Zyzanski, F. Verhagen, C. Nass, A. Appels, A. van Bastelaer, J. Winnubst, A. Appels, H. van Dijl, N. Nagelkerke
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)
Prognosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma (less than 3 cm) after percutaneous acetic acid injection: Study of 91 cases
Authors: K Ohnishi, F Nomura, S Ito, K Fujiwara
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To assess the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous acetic acid (in concentrations of 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) injection for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) for long-term prognosis, percutaneous acetic acid injection using 15% to 50% acetic acid was performed in 91 patients with one to four HCCs smaller than 3 cm during the past 6.5 years. During the series of treatment sessions for each patient, the same concentration of acetic acid was used. All tumors could be treated successfully with percutaneous acetic acid injection despite the differences in acetic acid concentration used. The number of treatment sessions to treat similar size of tumor was less when the higher concentration of acetic acid was used. No serious complications occurred as a direct sequela to percutaneous acetic acid injection. None of the tumor treated regrew. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates for 91 patients were 95%, 87%, 80%, 63%, and 49%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cancer-free survival rates of these patients were 83%, 54%, 50%, 37%, and 29%, respectively. Both liver function and size of tumor affected both survival rate and cancer-free survival rate significantly, but the number of tumors did not. The concentration of acetic acid did not affect the survival rate. Percutaneous acetic acid using 15% to 50% acetic acid will be effective therapy for small HCCs for long-term prognosis.
Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria Provides Substantial Protection against Malaria in Children Already Protected by an Insecticide-Treated Bednet in Mali: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Alassane Dicko, Abdoulbaki I. Diallo, Intimbeye Tembine, Yahia Dicko, Niawanlou Dara, Youssoufa Sidibe, Gaoussou Santara, Halimatou Diawara, Toumani Conaré, Abdoulaye Djimde, Daniel Chandramohan, Simon Cousens, Paul J. Milligan, Diadier A. Diallo, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Brian Greenwood
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

A randomized trial reported by Alassane Dicko and colleagues shows that intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children who are protected from mosquitoes by insecticide-treated bednets provides substantial protection from malaria.
Pediatrics
Authors: Vincent A. Fulginiti
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Pediatrics is undergoing intense self-examination. The issue is whether the discipline should include primary care within its functions.<sup>1-4</sup>On the one hand, there are those who feel that "ordinary" pediatric care should be delegated to physicians and nonphysicians in other disciplines, most notably family practice and the allied health professions. Proponents of this viewpoint believe that pediatricians should concentrate on secondary (consultation to those providing primary care) and tertiary (specialty consultation) functions. Arguments cited include the need for nonmedical interventions in primary care; the fact that the child lives within a family and is better served by a family-oriented practitioner; the consideration that compensation will focus on payment for "ordinary" services by the least expensive health care provider; the fear that the best students will not care to enter a "mundane" spectrum of practice; and the possibility of overtraining pediatricians for the roles they now perform. Pediatricians who argue
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Given for Several Weeks after Hip Surgery Prevents Deep Venous Thrombosis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients20 November 2001Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Given for Several Weeks after Hip Surgery Prevents Deep Venous ThrombosisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-10-200111200-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?After surgery, some people get blood clots in the deep veins of their legs, a condition known as deep venous thrombosis. Pieces of these clots, called emboli, can break off and travel through the bloodstream, blocking arteries in the lungs. The blood clots and emboli can cause serious symptoms and even death. Surgery to repair or replace hip joints (arthroplasty) has a particularly high risk for causing blood clots in the legs. These increased risks last several weeks after surgery. Patients who have hip surgery routinely receive medications ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Extended Out-of-Hospital Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Prophylaxis against Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients after Elective Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.” It is in the 20 November 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 858–869). The authors are RD Hull, GF Pineo, PD Stein, AF Mah, SM MacIsaac, OE Dahl, M Butcher, RF Brant, WA Ghali, D Bergqvist, and GE Raskob.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoExtended Out-of-Hospital Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Prophylaxis against Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients after Elective Hip Arthroplasty Russell D. Hull , Graham F. Pineo , Paul D. Stein , Andrew F. Mah , Susan M. MacIsaac , Ola E. Dahl , Matthew Butcher , Rollin F. Brant , William A. Ghali , David Bergqvist , and Gary E. Raskob Metrics 20 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 10Page: I-55KeywordsArthroplastyDeep vein thrombosisHematologic testsHeparinHipLow molecular weight heparinLungsSurgeryThrombosisVeins ePublished: 20 November 2001 Issue Published: 20 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The role of gallbladder emptying in gallstone formation during diet-induced rapid weight loss
Authors: R Gebhard
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Obese persons are at risk for cholesterol gallstones because their bile is saturated with cholesterol. The risk increases during rapid weight loss by means of certain very-low-calorie diets or gastric bypass surgery. Gallstone risk factors during rapid weight loss include increased bile cholesterol saturation index and gallbladder stasis. Obese subjects were randomized to one of two low-calorie liquid diets for rapid weight loss: a 520-kcal diet with less than 2 g fat/d, and a 900-kcal diet with 30 g fat/d (including one 10-g fat meal to stimulate maximal gallbladder emptying). Bile and blood lipids, saturation index, leukocyte 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase activity, and ultrasonographic gallbladder emptying were measured repeatedly during dietary treatment. Both diets produced comparable weight loss of 22%. Bile cholesterol saturation index increased during both diets (26%), but fell to 15% below prediet level after weight loss. Compared with subjects' maximal gallbladder emptying fraction of 66%, the 520-kcal diet provided poor gallbladder emptying (35%), whereas the 10-g fat meal of the 900-kcal diet provided maximal emptying. Gallstones developed in four of six 520-kcal subjects and none of seven 900-kcal subjects (P = .021), an unanticipated difference that resulted in premature study termination for ethical reasons. Blood lipids and HMG CoA reductase activity in mononuclear leukocytes fell at week 8 during both diets, but recovered while weight was still being lost. The findings suggest that gallstone risk during rapid weight loss may be reduced by maintenance of gallbladder emptying with a small amount of dietary fat. Ultimately, weight loss reduced bile cholesterol saturation and improved highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
Teaching Biochemistry
Authors: Eugene W. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Samuel Bessman, MD, merits commendations for his "Who Teaches Physiological Chemistry" (<b>197</b>:409, 1966), which brings this critical problem to the attention of the medical community. It is presently necessary to develop<i>both</i>physiologically oriented departments of biochemistry and clinical chemistry laboratories under the direction of physiological chemistry departments of the medical schools. Allow me to cite a recent abstract of a survey report (<i>Clin Chem</i><b>12</b>:548, 1966) undertaken to supply basic data on who in the United States is doing research in clinical chemistry—a question directly related to the issues at hand. The information indicated that the flow of research directly related to clinical chemistry originates from many workers, most of whom individually, however, publish rather infrequently. There is only a small nucleus of research scientists with a reasonably high productivity rate in clinical chemistry. Thus, as stressed in the publications, there must be a
Klinik und Therapie der Vergiftungen.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: A. Tunkel
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

agents of bacterial meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, 100,000 population and an overall mortality rate of 33% (24).Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, The three common meningeal pathogens (H.influenzae, N. were 6.0, 10.3, and 26.3%, respectively, in the United StatesS.pneumonae) accounted for 72% of all from 1978 through 1981 (136).Case fatality rates in a mengtdsadS.puoie)conedfr7% fal from1 h ofh fe s s C a n se fanglt es Cunty a cases and 70% of the deaths.In addition to this unacceptable subsequent study of five states and Los Angeles County mortality, there is a high rate of neurologic sequelae in children and adults who survive their episodes of bacterial * Corresponding author.meningitis (17, 33, 107, 109, 156).This stable but unsatisfac-
Stat Bite: Breast Cancer Incidence in the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

decreases the number of heart attacks and reduces the number of bone fractures in women taking the drug.There was no difference in the number of heart attacks between the tamoxifen and placebo groups, but women taking tamoxifen had fewer bone fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine.Norman Wolmark, M.D., chairperson ofNSABP, said "we do not regard this chemoprevention trial as an isolated study, as an end unto itself, but rather as a continuum of studies that will hopefully lead to improved prevention approaches."The next step for NSABP is a planned trial of tamoxifen versus raloxifene in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer.Postmenopausal women on the placebo arm of the BCPT are being encouraged to enroll in this study, slated to begin as early as this fall.
ANTI-INFECTIOUS ACTION OF CREDE'S COLLARGOL.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal