tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL OPERATIONS IN THE DAILY PAPERS.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutagenesis Testing Program
Authors: Lawrence R. Valcovic
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed study in which substances were tested blind using a standardized protocol. Also, little attention has been placed on reproducibility and variability within and between laboratories. These aspects are currently under investigation in microbial systems by NCI but the results will not be available 1-2 years. In the NIEHS testing program a large number of substances will be tested in a blind study. At present we suggest use of a short-term testing system consisting of microbial tests plus mammalian activation systems (Tier 1), two different Drosophila systems (Tier 2) and four different whole animal systems (Tier 3). The compounds will initially be screened for mutagenicity in Tier 1, and the results obtained in Tier 1 together with what is known about the compound otherwise will dictate the decision whether to continue the test of the compound in Tier 2 and Tier 3.
Needle Biopsy
Authors: Martin R. Rush
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With reference to Dr Tamoney's letter on parotid biopsy (235:375, 1976), I believe that surgical biopsy is not necessarily the minimum procedure for the diagnosis of any palpable nodule, including the parotid. In addition, before needle biopsy is condemned as a valid procedure, there should be a definition of what type of needle we are talking about. Crile and Hazard<sup>1</sup>reported a case of needle-tract dissemination in 1951 when a Vim-Silverman needle was used to aspirate thyroid. I believe that today, Dr Crile does in fact endorse the fine-needle aspiration technique (personalal communication, November 1975). Other reports in the literature of needle-tract dissemination did not mention the type of needle used. Berg and Robbins<sup>2</sup>in 1962 reported that long-term survival rates of two controlled groups were essentially the same, regardless of whether or not needle aspiration for breast cancer was done. Eneroth et al<sup>3</sup>
Drugs in Today's Society
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II evaluation of liposomal doxorubicin combined with docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: T. Uldrick, K. Crew, A. Tiersten, L. Braffman, K. Blozie, D. Hershman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

907 Background: The combination of anthracyclines and taxanes are effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Liposomal doxorubicin has been shown to be as effective as doxorubicin with less toxicity, however its efficacy in combination with docetaxel has yet to be determined. Methods: Monthly liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil 30 mg/m2) in combination with weekly docetaxel (30 mg/m2) was evaluated in women with metastatic breast cancer. Cycles were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Radiologic assessment was performed every 2 months. The primary outcome was time to progression. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate, median survival and toxicity. Results: Between 12/2002 and 6/2004, 8 women were enrolled. Seven were available for evaluation, 4 with recurrent disease and 3 with a new diagnosis. The mean age was 48 (33–60) years. Three (43%) tumors were ER/PR negative, and 5 (71%) over-expressed her-2/neu. ECOG performance status 0:1:2 was 1:5:1. The median number of cycles was 4 (2–10). Four women stopped due to intolerable toxicity and 3 due to progressive disease. After 2 cycles, 5 (71%) had a partial response, and 2 (29%) had stable disease. The median time to progression was 12 (4.5- 19) months. Once off-study, all women received additional therapy. With a median 14.5 (4–23) month follow-up, there have been no deaths. All patients had Grade 3/4 toxicities, including: stomatitis 4 (57%), neutropenia 3 (43%), infections 3 (43%), and nausea/vomiting 3 (43%). Conclusions: Monthly liposomal doxorubicin plus weekly docetaxel in woman with metastatic breast cancer resulted in an encouraging response, but was poorly tolerated. Further evaluation of this combination with improved supportive care may be warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Confusing Names for Diseases `Hinder' Progress
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3446: STRAP is involved in mutated Apc-induced stemness and tumorigenesis in colon cancer
Authors: Trung Vu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Inactivation of the Apc gene is a critical early event in the development of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Loss of its normal function leads to constitutive activation of β-catenin/T-cell factor 4 signaling and hence transcription of Wnt target genes. The signaling scaffold protein STRAP is upregulated in several cancers, where it promotes tumorigenicity and stemness. Here, we tested the effect of conditional deletion of Strap on intestinal tumor formation and growth by crossing ApcMin/+ mice with mice that are null for Strap in the intestinal epithelium, Strapfl/fl;Vil-Cre mice (StrapIEKO). We observed a dramatic decrease in the number of intestinal polyps in the ApcMin/+;Strapfl/fl;Vil-Cre mice (called StrapIEKO;ApcMin/+) compared to mice with intact Strap (Strapfl/fl;ApcMin/+). In an attempt to understand the mechanism of function of STRAP, we have observed that colon tumors from StrapIEKO;ApcMin/+ mice displayed a decrease in β-catenin nuclear localization and downregulation of Wnt targets such as c-Myc, AXIN2, and CCND1. Enteroids prepared from StrapIEKO;ApcMin/+ mice exhibited more budding compared to the ApcMin/+ enteroids, indicating the role of STRAP in stemness. STRAP knockdown in human CRC cells significantly diminished β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity. Specifically, STRAP knockdown impaired the assembly of β-catenin/TCF4 complex and recruitment of the complex to the promoters of β-catenin target genes. Functional proteomic analyses of crypt cells from different genetic mice suggested that the MEK/ERK signaling pathway is suppressed in StrapIEKO;ApcMin/+ mice that is required for the effect of STRAP on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We have shown that STRAP associates with MEK1/2 and promotes binding between MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 and subsequently induces the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Given that MEK/ERK signaling is found to promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling, our results suggest that STRAP indirectly induce Wnt/β-catenin signaling through activating MEK/ERK pathway. Importantly, STRAP is found to be a novel target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as ChIP assays determined putative binding sites of β-catenin/TCF4 complex on Strap promoter. Finally, we showed that forced expression of STRAP in colon cancer organoids derived from patients with colon cancer can induce the growth of colon tumor organoids through promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Altogether, these results suggest that STRAP is involved in mutated APC-induced tumor initiation through a novel feed-forward STRAP/MEK-ERK/β-catenin/STRAP regulatory axis. Citation Format: Trung Vu. STRAP is involved in mutated Apc-induced stemness and tumorigenesis in colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3446.
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: J. ERIC AHLSKOG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Pseudotumor cerebri, a disorder of intracranial pressure regulation, is characterized by elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressures. The symptoms and signs are those of elevated intracranial pressure alone. Extensive endocrine studies in patients with the primary disease have generally been normal. The major threat to the patient with pseudotumor cerebri is loss of vision; severe deficits occur in 4% to 12% of patients. The causative mechanism is not known. There are no controlled studies of treatment and interpretation of uncontrolled studies is limited by the high rate of spontaneous remission. A short course of steroid therapy is recommended for the patient with significant symptoms that have not remitted after 7 to 10 days of observation and serial lumbar punctures. Shunting is considered in refractory patients or when loss of vision is threatened.
Sanitation, spirits, and medicine: health care in the African bush
Authors: G. S. Ferenchick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Liberia, situated on the western bulge of Africa, is that continent's oldest independent black republic. Located 480 km north of the equator and bordered by Sierra Leone, the Ivory Coast, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean, Liberia is nearly the size of Ohio, with an estimated population of 2 million. Most Liberians belong to 1 of 16 distinct ethnic groups, each with a separate culture and language. Two thirds of the population is rural and 50% of the population is under 15 years of age. The estimated adult illiteracy rate is 76%.<sup>1</sup> The village of Zorzor lies in a tropical rain forest in the foothills of the Wologizi mountain range, which extends from northeast Liberia into Guinea. Zorzor, a rural village, has an estimated population of 5000 to 10 000 and is 220 km from Monrovia, the Liberian capital (Figure). Subsistence rice farming is the primary local occupation of the
From the Centers for Disease Control. State tobacco prevention, control activities: results of 1989-1990 Association of State, Territorial Health Officials Survey-Final Report
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A review of Inuit oncology patients treated at The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre
Authors: J. McGhie, D. J. Jonker, W. A. MacDonald, C. Cripps, G. Goss, T. R. Asmis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

6610 Background: Nunavut, Canada's largest territory (1.9 million kms2), is roughly 3 times the size of Texas, but is sparsely populated with only 27,000 residents. Its demographics are unique, with a median age of 22, 85% are Inuit, and 85% speak Inuktitut. No oncology services are available within the territory. Residents must travel to cancer centers in Ottawa, Winnipeg, or Edmonton. The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre (TOHCC) is responsible for all oncology consultations for the Baffin region of Nunavut (distance 2,100-2,700km), where half of Nunavut's population reside (population 14,000). Methods: Consecutive Nunavut patients seen in consultation at TOHCC from January 2002 to August 2007 were identified. Chart review was undertaken; extracting demographic information, ethnicity, diagnosis, stage, treatment, outcome, complications of care, and use of translation services. Results: 113 cancer patients of Inuit descent were identified. The average age at diagnosis was 57 years, (50%M, 50%F). Fifty-four percent were actively smoking at the time of diagnosis. Previous tuberculosis (TB) infection was reported by 40%, while only 1 case of TB reactivation while on therapy was identified. An Inuktitut/English interpreter was required by 73%. Oncologic services at TOHCC included surgery (39%), radiation (64%), and chemotherapy (58%). Lung cancer was the most common (n=55), with the following histological distribution: squamous (n=25), small cell (n=7), adenocarcinoma (n=3), and unspecified non-small cell (n=20). A rare case of Kaposi's sarcoma was identified in an HIV negative patient. No cases of prostate cancer were identified. The incidences of specific cancers among Inuit patients as compared to the Canadian population are as listed in the table. Conclusions: Cancer in the Inuit population differs radically from the rest of the Canadian population. Causes for the variation may include high incidence of smoking, young population, high parity and breastfeeding rates. A comparison of incidence rates for specific cancers Cancer Type Incidence in this Inuit population (n=113) Incidence in a Canadian Population*(n=150,000) Lung 55 (49%) 15% Colorectal 24 (21%) 14% Breast 10 (8.8%) 15% Nasopharyngeal 9 (8.0%) 0 Cervical 5 (4.4%) 1% Prostate 0 15% Other types 10 (9%) - * Canadian Cancer Statistics 2007, Toronto, Canada (ISSN 0835–2976) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A pleiotropic effect of the <i>APOE</i> gene: association of <i>APOE</i> polymorphisms with multibacillary leprosy in Han Chinese from Southwest China
Authors: D. Wang, D.-F. Zhang, G.-D. Li, R. Bi, Y. Fan, Y. Wu, X.-F. Yu, H. Long, Y.-Y. Li, Y.-G. Yao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Summary This is a study by investigators from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dermatology departments based in Yunnan province in China. Basing their research on a previous observation that patients with leprosy have a lower frequency of dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease than patients without, they investigated whether there was any link between the occurrence of leprosy and the human genes involved in the formation and breakdown of different lipids or fats, processes that are key steps in the development of both Alzheimer's disease as well as the invasion of skin and nerves in leprosy. They searched for a link between a gene called Apolipoprotein E (APOE) which is known to be involved in Alzheimer's and found that certain mutations in the gene were more common in patients with leprosy. They suggested that this might lead to an increase in a lipid binding protein found in blood plasma and that this in turn would aid the survival of the bacteria that cause leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, thus allowing it to spread and the disease to develop.
BLOOD-LETTING AND BLISTERING IN THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.*
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P16.14 * BRAIN LOCATIONS INVOLVED IN COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS AFTER RESECTIVE BRAIN SURGERY IDENTIFIED BY RESECTION PROBABILITY MAPS
Authors: E. J. Hendriks, E. J. Habets, M. Klein, F. Barkhof, W. P. Vandertop, M. J. Taphoorn, P. C. d. W. Hamer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Cognition is at risk in patients with brain tumors. Cognitive alterations, improvement or decline, may result from brain tumor surgery, as well as from other factors such as direct tumor effects, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, anti-epileptic drugs, and steroids. In this study, cognitive alterations after brain tumor surgery are quantified and correlated with brain location using resection probability maps, which is a new approach. METHODS: Adult patients were included, who had (1) a brain tumor, (2) resective surgery between 2006 and 2011, (3) baseline and postoperative (9-12 months) neuropsychological assessment in seven cognitive domains, and (4) pre- and postoperative MRI available. Resective surgery was performed with intraoperative stimulation mapping until functional boundaries were met. Resection probability maps quantify the likelihood of resection throughout the brain in 3D at 1 mm resolution in standard brain space. We compared resection probability maps of patients with and without cognitive alterations. Considerations for spatial dependence and multiple comparisons were taken into account. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were so far included. The cognitive domains with most frequent and most extensive alterations after surgery were attentional function and working memory capacity. Results on the correlation between these cognitive changes and brain location are pending, but will be available in October 2014. CONCLUSION: Brain locations involved in cognitive improvement as well as decline in relation to resective surgery can be identified using resection probability maps. Brain tumors which are located in regions to be identified are associated with alterations in attention and verbal working memory.
Psychiatry
Authors: Daniel X. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Pharmacotherapies that are at least partially specific and research that delineates diagnostic subgroups instill a new purpose into careful diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Today's psychiatrist must not only perfect psychotherapeutic skills, but also must exercise vigilance in differential diagnosis and be able to use not one or two but several therapies. <h3>Diagnostic Precision</h3> From the mid-1930s to its peak in the mid-1950s, the trend in American psychiatry, except for a few centers, was to overlook the diagnosis of manic-depressive disease and to overdiagnose schizophrenia; the diagnosis of schizophrenia was made eightfold more here than in Great Britain.<sup>1</sup>Historical, cross-national, and contemporary research predict that admissions for rigorously and reliably diagnosed schizophrenia and affective disorders should be close to a 1:1 ratio. Even now there may be 100,000 people classified as chronic schizophrenics who, with systematic and rigorous rediagnosis, would be reclassified as having affective disorders. Perhaps an overdiagnosis of
<i>QuickStats</i>: Age-Adjusted Percentages* of Current Smokers† Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin§ — National Health Interview Survey, 2016¶
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

In 2016, men aged ≥18 years were more likely to be current smokers than women (17.5% compared with 13.6%). Non-Hispanic black men (20.1%) and non-Hispanic white men (18.4%) were more likely to be current smokers than Hispanic men (13.8%). Non-Hispanic white women (16.2%) were more likely to be current smokers than non-Hispanic black women (13.2%) and Hispanic women (6.9%).