tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic hypogeusia with dysgeusia, hyposmia, and dysosmia. A new syndrome
Authors: R. I. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Thirty-five patients with decreased taste acuity (hypogeusia) and decreased olfactory acuity (hyposmia) with or without perverted taste (dysgeusia) and perverted smell (dysosmia) had elevated median detection and recognition thresholds for the taste of salt, sweet, sour, and bitter, and abnormal forced scaling of taste qualities. Electron micrographs of taste receptors showed pathological changes in the taste buds of these patients. No apparent cause could be found for this disturbing and unpleasant symptom complex. These abnormalities appear to comprise a new syndrome which we have termed idiopathic hypogeusia with dysgeusia, hyposmia, and dysosmia.
Primary Sjögren syndrome
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sjögren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease causing secretory gland dysfunction.This leads to dryness of the main mucosal surfaces such as the mouth, eyes, nose, pharynx, larynx, and vagina. 1 Sjögren syndrome may be a serious disease, with excess mortality caused by haematological cancer. 2The cause of Sjögren syndrome is unknown, but factors postulated to play a role are both genetic and environmental. 1 The disease overwhelmingly affects middle aged women but may also affect children, men, and elderly people.When sicca symptoms appear in a previously healthy person, the syndrome is classified as primary Sjögren syndrome.Sjögren syndrome associated with another underlying systemic autoimmune disorder, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma is known as secondary or, increasingly, associated Sjögren syndrome.Sicca symptoms (dry mouth and eyes) are among the most common oral and ocular complaints seen by general practitioners, but even so the disease is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. 3 4Although incidence data in primary care are scarce, preliminary reports suggest it may be around two per 1000 patients per year, 5 with an overall prevalence in Europe of nearly 0.1%. 6 7Patients with Sjögren syndrome require a health spend double that of the mean for primary care patients and similar to that for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Indian Child Rearing
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lead Content of Foodstuffs
Authors: Douglas G. Mitchell, Kenneth M. Aldous
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The lead content of a number of foodstuffs, particularly baby fruit juices and milk, is reported. Samples were analyzed in quadruplicate by using an automated Delves cup atomic absorption procedure. A large proportion of the products examined contained significant amounts of lead. Of 256 metal can examined, the contents of 62% contained a lead level of 100 μg/l. or more, 37% contained 200 μg/l. or more and 12% contained 400 μg/l. lead or more. Of products in glass and aluminum containers, only 1% had lead levels in excess of 200 μg/l. Lead levels of contents also correlate with the seam length/volume ratio of the leaded seam can. A survey of bulk milk showed a mean lead level of 40 μg/l. for 270 samples; for canned evaporated milk the mean level was 202 μg/l. These data indicate a potential health hazard.
Progressive Myelopathy
Authors: Walter L. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Chintapalli<sup>1</sup>reports a single example of a spectrum of disorders of the spinal canal that can create both progressive myelopathy, as well as progressive radiculopathy. It calls attention to the biconvex<sup>2</sup>"trefoil" narrowing of the spinal canal space as one of the mechanisms of acquired spinal stenosis. Figure 4 of Dr Chintapalli's report<sup>1</sup>demonstrates a mild degree of such osteophytic hypertrophy with mild trefoil alteration of the spinal canal space. Others have demonstrated that such spinal canal stenoses can occur at thoracic, as well as cervical and lumbar levels.<sup>2,3</sup>Verbiest<sup>3</sup>points out that hypertrophy of the facets is an important additional cause of this trefoil alteration in spinal canal space. Furthermore as Verbiest<sup>3</sup>has demonstrated, triangular excrescences near the facets may not only be calcified ligamentum flavum but actual excrescences of the facet itself. He also discusses calcification of ligamentum
Genome-wide association analysis in host genetic characteristics of progression to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or higher for women with human papillomavirus infection and normal cytology.
Authors: Chyong-Huey Lai, Su-Wei Chang, Lan-Yan Yang, Shuen-Iu Hung, Chiao-Yun Lin, Angel Chao, Yun-Shien Lee, Huei-Jean Huang, Ren-Chin Wu, Ting-Chang Chang, Chee-Jen Chang, Cathy S. J. Fann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

6033 Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is widely used for cervical cancer screening. The hazard ratio of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) in HPV-positive/ normal cytology women is 20–34 fold as compared to those with HPV-negative/normal cytology. HPV-positivity would cause substantial anxiety. Apart from viral factors such as high-risk (hr) types, it is important to identify host characteristics for predicting outcome. Methods: An initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by Affymetrix Axiom™ Genome-Wide Human Arrays was conducted on 505 cases with histological diagnosis of CIN2+ (group D1) versus 920 female controls. An additional set of 2315 female controls from the Taiwan Biobank genotype array were added in the discovery stage. The identified 29 CIN2+ -associated SNPs from GWAS (p &lt; 5 x 10 −6 ) were verified in an independent cohort (group D2 [n = 306] versus group N [n = 600]). Group N were HPV-negative/normal cytology women from a population-based cervical cytology and HPV co-test study. A cohort with HPV-positive/normal cytology (group P, n = 755) underwent follow-up and was served as the prediction set. The predictive validity was analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Thirty-three individuals of the group P progressed to CIN2+ (median follow-up: 23.7 months, range 4.0–122.1). A risk-predictive panel of 8 SNPs rs3097662, rs35979982, rs7763822, rs4282438, rs3128927, rs7759943, rs213194, rs17835649 which were significant in the replication (p &lt; 0.05) was used to train models for disease risk prediction using the combination of GWAS and verification sets. Two prediction models were finalized and determined using 7 SNPs for hr- and low-risk (lr) HPV groups respectively (sensitivity 0.72 and 0.75, specificity 0.651 and 0.884, area under the ROC curve 0.703 and 0.701). Among group P with hr-HPV, those carried &lt; 6 risk-alleles had significantly decreased hazard (log-rank p &lt; 0·001) of progression to CIN2+ than those with ≧6 risk-alleles, while among group P with lr-HPV, those with predictive probability of ≥ 0·095 had a cumulative risk of progression of 10% at 3 years. Conclusions: Two risk-predictive SNP panels including 7 SNPs with hr- or lr-HPV groups can assist risk stratification among HPV-positive/ normal cytology women. These panels could be further tested in other ethnic populations.
Mammography: a radiologist's view
Authors: J. N. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Mammography has had a very difficult time gaining general acceptance. Rival groups have engaged in an emotional interchange as to how it should be done, with what, and by whom. First, surgeons had to be convinced of its worth. They were dubious, often stating, "If there is a cancer in the breast, I can feel it." Only time and accumulation of cases of occult carcinoma have convinced them of its worth. Next, the opponents of mammography argued that the discovery of the small, nonpalpable breast cancer was an exercise in futility. They postulated that breast cancer developed over a long span of time and that radiologists finding the disease a little earlier really did not affect the course of the disease. However, the Health Insurance Plan (HIP) study has shown that early diagnosis does indeed lead to prolonged survival.<sup>1</sup> The argument continues, but under a slightly different heading. The
StatBite Smoking Rates in the UK
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

In the UK, smoking prevalence fell rapidly from 1975 until the mid-1990s.Since then, the rate has slowly fallen, with 22% of men (aged 16 and over) reported as cigarette smokers in 2007, whereas the percentage of women who smoke decreased to 20%.The rate has stabilized for men with only a slight increase in occurrence for women in 2008.The trends in lung cancer incidence reflect the trends in smoking prevalence in past years in the UK.
A randomized trial of chemoradiation using mitomycin or cisplatin, with or without maintenance cisplatin/5FU in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II)
Authors: R. James, S. Wan, R. Glynne-Jones, D. Sebag-Montefiore, L. Kadalayil, J. Northover, D. Cunningham, H. Meadows, J. Ledermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

LBA4009 Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC) is standard treatment for anal cancer. This trial addresses two questions: whether (i) replacing MMC with cisplatin (CDDP) improves the complete response (CR) rate, and (ii) two cycles of maintenance chemotherapy after CRT reduces recurrence. Methods: Between 2001 and 2008, 940 patients (pts) were recruited to a multicenter, randomized factorial trial. Pts received 5-FU (1,000mg/m 2 /day on d1–4 and 29–32), radiotherapy (RT) (50.4Gy in 28 fractions), and either MMC (12mg/m 2 , d1; n=471) or CDDP (60mg/m 2 on d1 and 29; n=469). Pts were also randomized to receive maintenance therapy (n=448) 4 weeks after CRT (two cycles of CDDP and 5-FU weeks 11 and 14) or no maintenance (n=446). Maintenance randomization was not considered appropriate in 46 pts. Statistical power was ≥80% to detect a difference in the CR rate of 5% (CDDP vs MMC), and 30% reduction in recurrence (maintenance vs no maintenance). Results: Median age 58 yrs; 62% male, 38% female; tumor site - canal (81%), margin (15%); stage T1-T2 (50%), T3-T4 (43%); node negative (62%), positive (30%). Median follow-up was 3 yrs. The CR rate was 94% MMC and 95% CDDP (p=0.53). MMC pts had more acute grade 3/4 haematological toxicities (25 vs 13%, p&lt;0.001) but this did not result in an increase in neutropaenic sepsis (3.1 vs 3.2%, p=0.93). Non-haematologic grade 3/4 toxicities were similar (61 vs 65%, p=0.22). Preliminary analysis shows no statistically significant difference in recurrence free survival (RFS) (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68, 1.18; p=0.42) or overall survival (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.56,1.12; p=0.19) for the maintenance comparison. The number of pre-treatment colostomies not reversed were similar between treatments (18 MMC vs 14 CDDP, p=0.65, Maint/No maint, p=0.23) and only 9 disease-free pts had colostomies performed (5 MMC, 4 CDDP). Conclusions: ACT II is the largest trial conducted in anal cancer. High CR (95%) and RFS (75% at 3 yrs) rates were achieved with this CRT. This excellent outcome may have been influenced by the absence of a gap in the RT schedule. There was no difference in CR rates between MMC and CDDP or in RFS rates with or without maintenance chemotherapy. 5-FU, MMC with RT remains the standard of care. [Table: see text]
MEDEX
Authors: R. A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The state of Washington, like many other states in this nation, is faced with a severe manpower shortage in the medical profession. Much of the shortage can be explained by distribution patterns; that is, there are certain population segments in the state which have difficulty obtaining adequate medical care when and where they need it. In some areas, this difficulty is due primarily to a lack of physician manpower. According to the Washington State Medical Education and Research Foundation, this fact is true especially in the rural parts of the state where the physician-patient ratio is constantly decreasing due to the urban migration of physicians and replacement failures. In addition, the age of general practitioners in these rural areas is steadily increasing.<sup>1</sup>Thus efforts are needed to be directed to increasing the capacity of practitioners already in the areas, as well as making general practice more attractive to physicians
Crystal deposition in hyperparathyroidism.
Authors: R Grahame, M B Mitchiner, J Sutor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Articular calcification is well known to occur in hyperparathyroidism and an association has been reported between hyperparathyroidism and hyperuricaemia and gout.Yet the literature concerning the pathology of the joints with special referenc% to articular crystal deposition in this condition is scanty.
Differential Effect of Wall Tension on Matrix Metalloproteinase Promoter Activation in the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Jean Marie Ruddy
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract 1102 Jean Marie Ruddy, Jeffrey A Jones, Rupak Mukherjee, Francis G Spinale, John S Ikonomidis, MUSC, Charleston, SC Jean Marie Ruddy, 2008 Finalist and Presenting Author
Four New Mutations in the Erythroid-Specific 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase (ALAS2) Gene Causing X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia: Increased Pyridoxine Responsiveness After Removal of Iron Overload by Phlebotomy and Coinheritance of Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Authors: Philip D. Cotter, Alison May, Liping Li, A.I. Al-Sabah, Edward J. Fitzsimons, Mario Cazzola, David F. Bishop
Journal: Blood (1999)
Massive theophylline overdose. Survival without hemoperfusion
Authors: L. S. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ANOREXIA, nausea, vomiting, irritability, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and intractable fatal seizure activity are all well-known signs of toxic reactions to theophylline. In cases reported by Zwillich et al,<sup>1</sup>seizure activity was associated with a mean theophylline level of 53 ±4.8 μg/mL (range, 25 to 70 μg/mL). Mortality after the onset of seizures is extremely high, ranging from 50%<sup>1</sup>to 100%,<sup>2</sup>with substantial morbidity reported in survivors.<sup>3</sup> The high mortality and morbidity associated with toxic theophylline levels, especially when associated with seizure activity, have prompted investigation into methods to improve removal of the drug from the body. A number of reports in the literature have described removal of the drug using hemoperfusion with charcoal.<sup>3,4</sup>However, as Weinberger and Hendeles<sup>5</sup>have pointed out, rapid removal has not universally been associated with good outcome in the reported cases. We wish to report a case of massive theophylline
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in emergency department patients. Epidemiology, clinical presentations, and risk to health care workers: the Johns Hopkins experience
Authors: G. D. Kelen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In a study to assess the impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on The Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Department, we found 152 (6.0%) of 2544 consecutive patients to have human immunodeficiency virus infection, an absolute increase of 0.8% from the previous year. Of the 57 patients with a known history of infection, 49.1% had no insurance vs 36.0% of seronegative patients. Infected patients were three times more likely to be admitted as seronegative patients. Overall, health providers followed universal precautions during 44.0% of interventions. In patients with profuse bleeding, adherence fell to 19.5%. The most common reasons given by providers for not following precautions were insufficient time to put on protective attire and interference with procedural skills. We conclude that the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic has a major impact on emergency services and that strategies need to be developed for appropriate use of emergency resources and also for maximizing provider protection. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:516-522)
Vincristine Sulfate in Treatment of Children With Metastatic Wilms' Tumor
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Izenstein Instead of Eisenstein
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Visual Attention Circuitry in Schizophrenia Investigated With Oddball Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Raquel Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Schizophrenia patients have problems directing attention. Sustained attention requires ensuring that brain resources are focused on a selected target (top-down task) while ignoring irrelevant distractors (bottom-up interference). Whether patients have too little ability to focus or too much interference from distraction has not been clarified. The oddball paradigm embeds infrequent targets and distractors into the stimulus train, and schizophrenia deficits have been linked to diminished responses to both. Cerebral activity underlying abnormal attention can be examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. Method: A visual oddball task was presented to 22 patients with schizophrenia and 28 comparison subjects. Statistical probability maps reflecting blood-oxygenation-level-dependent changes were generated for infrequent targets and novel distractors relative to frequent standard stimuli. Activation was related to performance and symptoms. Results: Activation specific to targets and distractors was associated with faster performance. For targets, patients had diminished activation in superior temporal and frontal gyri, cingulate, thalamus, and basal ganglia. They had increased activation in right insula, mid-frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, and left inferior parietal lobule. For distractors, patients showed less activation in occipital regions and left inferior parietal lobule but increased activation in parietal-occipital, right mid-frontal, and left inferior frontal gyri. Abnormal activation correlated with positive and negative symptoms. Conclusions: Abnormal activation in schizophrenia in response to attentional demands reflects both insufficient recruitment of brain systems required for target detection and overcommitment of resources for processing irrelevant distractors. Schizophrenia patients appear to have an inability both to focus on targets and ignore distraction.
Health system reform. A different approach
Authors: V. R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Early in his administration, President Clinton placed health system reform at the top of the nation's domestic policy agenda. Since then proposals from all parts of the political spectrum have proliferated. Many of these proposals are embodied in specific legislation now under consideration by Congress. Unfortunately, none of the proposed plans will finance coverage efficiently and equitably and slow the rate of growth of health care spending while providing the flexibility, freedom of choice, and improvement in quality that is desirable and feasible. In my judgment, a different approach is needed to achieve these objectives. I believe we must develop a national financial plan to cover basic care for all, accelerate the present trend toward integrated health care systems, attack directly the major causes of increased health care spending, and completely change the nation's policy regarding malpractice. The approach outlined herein consists of five interrelated components. <h3>A Value-Added Tax Earmarked</h3>
STAT-3 and the liver: A new STATion on our way to understand diabetes?
Authors: Marcin T. Kortylewski, Andreas Barthel
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) contributes to various physiological processes. Here we show that mice with liver-specific deficiency in STAT-3, achieved using the Cre-loxP system, show insulin resistance associated with increased hepatic expression of gluconeogenic genes. Restoration of hepatic STAT-3 expression in these mice, using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, corrected the metabolic abnormalities and the alterations in hepatic expression of gluconeogenic genes. Overexpression of STAT-3 in cultured hepatocytes inhibited gluconeogenic gene expression independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), an upstream regulator of gluconeogenic genes. Liver-specific expression of a constitutively active form of STAT-3, achieved by infection with an adenovirus vector, markedly reduced blood glucose, plasma insulin concentrations and hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression in diabetic mice. Hepatic STAT-3 signaling is thus essential for normal glucose homeostasis and may provide new therapeutic targets for diabetes mellitus.