tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4320: Enhanced expression of histone methyltransferases increase ERα expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells
Authors: Seungsu Kim, Min-Ho Lee, Mi-Ock Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers depend on ER signaling for growth and progression. Although tamoxifen remains the frontline treatment for such cancers, resistance to this drug limits its clinical efficacy. Nevertheless, the majority of tamoxifen-resistant patients retain ERα expression, providing a rationale for targeting ERα in these patients. Here, we found that the expression of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family proteins are increased in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and patients. Specifically, mixed lineage leukemia 3 (MLL3) and SET domain containing 1A (SET1A) depletion downregulated the expression of ERα protein and mRNA levels in a ER-positive breast cancer cell. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that the knock-down of MLL3 and SET1A reduce the histone H3K4 methylation status in ESR1 promoter regions. We also observed the positive correlation between ERα level and MLL3/SET1A level in breast cancer clinical data sets. Importantly, MLL3 and SET1A depletion downregulated the ERα and its downstream growth-related protein levels, as well as the growth of both ER-positive and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Likewise, MLL3 and SET1A knockdown decreased the proportion of cells entering the cell cycle. Additional fulvestrant treatment resulted in synergistic reduction of ERα levels and growth of the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Thus, enhanced expression of MLL3 and SET1A in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells supported ERα-dependent growth of breast cancer cells, suggesting that MLL3 SET1A might provide an attractive target for overcoming endocrine resistance. Citation Format: Seungsu Kim, Min-Ho Lee, Mi-Ock Lee. Enhanced expression of histone methyltransferases increase ERα expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4320.
Pleurectomy
Authors: John Helwig
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Pleurectomy was used to stimulate systemic-pulmonary anastomoses as a palliative treatment for patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension. To our knowledge, the successful application of this principle, suggested to us by Bernice Wedum, MD, has not heretofore been reported. Patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with a right-to-left shunt within the heart have systemic hypoxia due to the combination of a decreased effective pulmonary blood flow secondary to the mechanical pulmonary-arteriolar block and the effects of the right-to-left shunt itself. As a result of pulmonary arteriolar obliterative changes, the pulmonary resistance is equal to or greater than the systemic resistance. In effect, multiple peripheral "pulmonary stenoses" exist. In 1949, Barrett and Daley<sup>1</sup>described pleurectomy as a method for increasing the pulmonary blood flow in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease with a decreased pulmonary blood flow and<i>low</i>pulmonary-artery pressures. They demonstrated the development of large, effective
用于严重特应性皮炎的氨甲喋呤和硫唑嘌呤:一项为期5年的随机对照试验随访研究
Authors: L.A.A. Gerbens, S.A.S. Hamann, M.W.D. Brouwer, E. Roekevisch, M.M.G. Leeflang, P.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

特应性皮炎(AD)俗称湿疹,是一种可引发剧烈瘙痒和/或疼痛的慢性炎症性皮肤病,可能会影响患者及其家属的睡眠和健康相关的生活质量。该疾病影响了发达国家/地区10–20%左右的人口。AD是全球50大常见疾病之一。全身治疗意味着药物将在体内而非皮肤上发挥疗效,这种治疗方法适用于中度到重度AD患者,以及对其而言局部(敷用在皮肤上)治疗已满足不了治疗需求的患者。大部分全身治疗都缺乏长期证据,用于未标志用途的氨甲喋呤(MTX)和硫唑嘌呤(AZA)处方药(非AD注册药物)的长期证据尤为缺乏。本项在荷兰开展的研究旨在确认MTX和AZA从长期来看是否是一种安全有效的治疗方法。患者参与了一项随机对照试验(一项对用于实际患者的不同治疗方法进行比较的研究)随访研究,在5年研究期间,每3个月将访视患者一次。患者的主治医生可以在必要时增加或减少MTX和AZA的剂量。研究人员使用评分系统比较患者接受治疗5年后的症状与其刚开始接受治疗时的症状,以衡量治疗方法的有效程度。在此案例中,特应性皮炎评分(SCORAD)指数中分数的下降表明,症状和研究者总体评估(IGA)均有所改善。另外还对不良事件(不乐见的副作用)进行了研究。还对药物存活率(即患者持续接受治疗的时长)进行了分析。最初共有43名患者参与了随机对照试验,而后其中35名患者参与了本项随访研究,但只有27名患者完成了为期5年整的随访。在第5年里,SCORAD指数的平均相对下降率与MTX和AZA对照组的相仿。分别为52.8%和53.8%。5年内发生了12起严重不良事件;其中3起不良事件的产生原因可能源于治疗方法。MTX的药物存活率更长,但是5年后,两组的药物存活率都很低(MTX n = 5,AZA n = 1)。基于此项规模相对较小的研究,MTX和AZA对中度到重度AD患者而言,在5年内似乎是一项安全有效的维持性治疗方法。虽然还有少部分患者在继续服用最初分配给他们的药物,但是有些人因为症状已经消除而停止接受了治疗。这种低药物存活率强调了为AD患者采取有效治疗方法的必要性。此外,需要开展更为长期、更为全面的抽样研究。
Diseases of Women. A Clinical Guide to their Diagnosis and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MELANOGENESIS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alternatives to Ileostomy After Colectomy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: B. Taylor
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1985)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Homologous Recombination of Wild TYPE JAK2, A NOVEL EARLY STEP In the DEVELOPMENT of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Mathias Vilaine, Damla Olcaydu, Ashot Harutyunyan, Jonathan Bergeman, Tiab Mourad, Jean-François Ramée, Jian-Min Chen, Robert Kralovics, Sylvie Hermouet
Journal: Blood (2011)
A Correction
Journal: BMJ (1911)

subjects to which special departments of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL are devoted will be found under their respective headings. QUERIBS.FRIGIDUS asks whether treatment by C02 snow has been tried for large haemorrhoids in patients who refuse to have the usual operation or are unsuitable.E. K. asks for information about the poisonous properties of teak.Carpenters and others who handle the wood aver that a slight prick by a splinter causes intense inflammation.PETROL DUTY REBATE.A. C. R. purchases from time to time half a gallon of petrol for his motor cycle, but has been informed by the Excise authorities that he cannot claim repayment for these half- gallons.
PSYCHIC RESEARCH.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Race-specific differences in influenza vaccination levels among Medicare beneficiaries--United States, 1993
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Calcium Content Suggested For Dialysis Bath
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lucky
Authors: Ted McMahon
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Symposium on National and International Standardization of Radiation Dosimetry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Symposium on National and International Standardization of Radiation Dosimetry Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 5, May 1977, Page 1543, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.5.1543-c Published: 01 May 1977
ERRATUM
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2020)

median age of ICU patients was 54 years old while the median age of non-ICU patients was 42 years old (P = .02)." instead of."; the median age of ICU patients was 54 years old while the median age of non-ICU patients was 41 years old (P = .02)."The authors apologize for any confusion regarding this point.
Abstract 3415: Tumor fitness and immune exhaustion: Checkpoint vs endogenous settings
Authors: Adrian Bubie, Nicholas Akers, Augusto Villanueva, Bojan Losic
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Recently proposed tumor fitness measures based on neoepitope profiling and viral epitope similarity have led to treatment efficacy and immune response prediction models in the checkpoint setting for melanoma (SKCM) and small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this work we test if these checkpoint based fitness measures are associated with either tumor-infiltrating T-cell activity or abundance, and also overall patient survival, in the endogenous setting for the SKCM (n=337) and NSCLC (n = 307) TCGA cohorts. We also investigated if epitopes arising from tumor viral co-factors in Hepatitis B liver cancer (HBV+ HCC) drove T cell activity or response compared to neo-epitope burden. We find no statistically significant correlation between immune activity and response (as measured by tumor RNA-seq profiling) and the proposed neo-epitope checkpoint-based fitness measures, and similarly no significant survival effect. Further, we found firm evidence that tumor neoepitopes dominate HBV viral epitopes in putative immunogenicity and drive immune response in TCGA HCC (n = 178), and confirmed this trend in multi-regional data (12 patients, 72 samples). These results suggest that tumor-immune response and recruitment in SKCM and NSCLC, and their interplay with viral-cofactor HBV in HCC, are fundamentally driven by different factors in the endogenous setting. Finally, we propose that tumor fitness may be partially encoded by a simple T-cell exhaustion expression signature, which we demonstrate is a significant predictor of patient survival for SKCM and NSCLC and may translate more widely into other tumor types in the endogenous setting. Citation Format: Adrian Bubie, Nicholas Akers, Augusto Villanueva, Bojan Losic. Tumor fitness and immune exhaustion: Checkpoint vs endogenous settings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3415.
Neurology, Ethics
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Who says it is terminal?
Authors: B. J. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Patients with advanced cancer are subjected to no greater cruelty than when referred to as having "terminal" cancer or being a "terminal cancer patient." It is unjust to continue to use this term, which distorts the truth about cancer in an era when so much can be offered to these patients. Physicians often use the word "terminal" when they want to say that the disease is not curable. For instance, if a malignant neoplasm is not removable by surgery, the patient's condition may be labeled as "terminal." Even dictionaries propagate this misconception: "Terminal: occurring at or contributing to the end of life, as in cancer... terminal cancer." Yet patients with chronic congestive heart failure, severe emphysema, cirrhosis of the liver, advanced diabetes mellitus, and numerous other chronic diseases that result in death rarely have their disease deemed terminal. Patients whose conditions are called terminal undergo severe emotional stress, and decisions
Intracellular Particle Dissolution in Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Wolfgang G. Kreyling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Aerosol particles deposited in the lungs that are not readily soluble in the epithelial lining fluid will be phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AM). Inside the phagolysosomal vacuole, the constituents of the plasma allow dissolution of a variety of compounds at a higher rate than dissolution in extracellular lung fluids. Chelator concentration and a pH value of about 5 were found to control intracellular particle dissolution (IPD). Hence, IPD is the initial step of translocation of dissolved material to blood, which is an important lung clearance mechanism for particles retained long term. IPD rates of uniform test particles determined in human, baboon, and canine AM cultures were similar to initial translocation rates determined in lung clearance studies of the same species after inhalation of the same test particles. IPD rate in cultured AM proved to be a sensitive functional parameter of AM, which was used to identify changes in the clearance mechanism of translocation during different exposure conditions.
Some Recent Results from the Study of Labour by Means of Frozen Sections and Casts
Authors: A. H. F. Barbour
Journal: BMJ (1890)

DURING the past twenty years important light has been thrQwn on the phenomena of labour, through the study of it by means of frozen sections.During the past year there has been placed at my disposal some very valuable material for this line of inquiry, and I propose now to bring it before you.One preparation is unique; it has never been got before, and, as far as one can judge from probabilities, it is not likely to be stumbled on again.I have to thank my assistant, Dr. Webster, for his invaluable aid, without which the investigation
OS7.2 Measuring change in health-related quality of life: the added value of analysis on the individual patient level in glioma patients in clinical decision making
Authors: M Coomans, M J B Taphoorn, N Aaronson, B G Baumert, M van den Bent, A Bottomley, A A Brandes, O Chinot, C Coens, T Gorlia, U Herrlinger, F Keime-Guibert, A Malmström, F Martinelli, R Stupp, A Talacchi, M Weller, W Wick, J C Reijneveld, L Dirven
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is often used as an outcome in glioma research, reflecting the impact of disease and treatment on a patient’s functioning and wellbeing. Data on changes in HRQoL scores may provide important information for clinical decision-making, but different analytical methods may lead to different interpretations of the impact of treatment on HRQoL. This study aimed to examine three different methods to evaluate change in HRQoL, and to study whether these methods result in different interpretations. MATERIAL AND METHODS HRQoL and sociodemographical/clinical data from 15 randomized clinical trials were combined. Change in HRQoL scores was analyzed in three ways: (1) at the group level, comparing mean changes in scale/item scores between treatment arms over time, (2) at the patient level per scale/item by calculating the percentage of patients that deteriorated, improved or remained stable on a scale/item per scale/item, and (3) at the individual patient level combining all scales/items. RESULTS Baseline and first follow-up HRQoL data were available for 3727 patients. At the group scale/item level (method 1), only the item ‘hair loss’ showed a significant and clinically relevant change (i.e. ≥10 points) over time, whereas change scores on the other scales/items showed a statistically significant change only (all p&lt;.001, range in change score: 0.1–6.2). Analyses on the patient level per scale (method 2) indicated that, while a large proportion of patients had stable HRQoL over time (range 27–84%), many patients deteriorated (range: 6–43%) or improved (range: 8–32%) on a specific scale/item. At the individual patient level (method 3), the majority of patients (86%) showed both deterioration and improvement, while only 1% of the patients remained stable on all scales. Clustering on clinical characteristics (WHO performance status, sex, tumor type, type of resection, newly diagnosed versus recurrent tumor and age) did not identify subgroups of patients with a specific pattern of change in their HRQoL score. CONCLUSION Different analytical methods of changes in HRQoL result in distinct interpretations of treatment effects, all of which may be relevant for clinical decision-making. Additional information about the joint impact of treatment on all outcomes, showing that most patients experience both deterioration and improvement, may help patients and physicians to make the best treatment decision.