tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are fibre supplements really necessary in diverticular disease of the colon?
Journal: BMJ (1981)

globulin have a strong but not exclusive influence.' Changes in albumin have only a minor effect, but paraproteins2 and lipoproteins3 also increase plasma and serum viscosity.For these reasons estimations of plasma fibrinogen from the difference of plasma and serum viscosity are unreliable and can be wrong by as much as 100",.
Abstract 2913: Persistently Increased Serum Concentrations Of Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein Predict Adverse Outcomes In Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Takeshi Niizeki, Yasuchika Takeishi, Yo Koyama, Tatsuro Kitahara, Satoshi Suzuki, Isao Kubota
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: H-FABP is a small cytosolic protein and released into the circulation when the myocardium is injured. We previously demonstrated that H-FABP level at admission was a novel marker for myocardial cell injury and prognosis in CHF patients. In this study we examined whether serial measurements of H-FABP levels provide additional prognostic information. Methods: We measured serum H-FABP levels at both admission and discharge in 112 CHF patients, and patients were followed up (mean 686 days) to register cardiac events. Cut off value for H-FABP was determined from ROC curve in previous studies. Results: The median H-FABP level was 7.4 ng/ml at admission and 4.9 ng/ml at discharge. The following 3 patterns of changes in H-FABP levels were identified. In 41 patients, H-FABP levels (&lt; 4.3 ng/ml) at both admission and discharge were normal (Group 1). The remaining 71 patients had high initial H-FABP levels (≥ 4.3 ng/ml) at admission. In 20 of these 71 patients (28%), H-FABP decreased to normal range at discharge (Group 2), whereas 51 had persistently high H-FABP levels despite improvement in symptoms and signs of CHF (Group 3). There were 32 cardiac events (29%) during a follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that Group 3 had significantly higher cardiac event rates than Groups 1 and 2 (Figure A ). A stepwise Cox regression analysis also demonstrated that Group 3 was associated with the highest cardiac event risk among 3 groups (hazard ratio 5.68, P = 0.012) (Figure B ). Conclusion: These results suggest that serial measurements of H-FABP levels are a new monitoring tool, which provides helpful information to guide optimal therapy and manage CHF patients. [A] Comparison of cardiac event rates among 3 groups [B] Hazard ratio of cardiac events among 3 groups
Seeking a balanced physician workforce for the 21st century
Authors: R. A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE HALLS of academia and the chambers of Congress echo with a call for more primary care physicians. Much of this stems from the need that managed care systems have for more primary care providers.<sup>1-4</sup>In addition, many believe that more primary care physicians would improve access to care in rural towns and inner cities.<sup>5-7</sup>There also is a perception that we have too many specialists and that the care they provide is too expensive,<sup>3,8-14</sup>and there is alarm that the proportion of physicians training in primary care is decreasing.<sup>4,7-9,14-20</sup> A consensus has developed that better balance in the proportion of primary care physicians and specialists must be achieved, and this consensus has been translated into a specific proposal: that the percentage of medical graduates entering the primary care disciplines of family medicine, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics be increased from the recent levels of
Aging, Health Risks, and Cumulative Disability
Authors: Anthony J. Vita, Richard B. Terry, Helen B. Hubert, James F. Fries
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Persons with lower health risks tend to live longer than those with higher health risks, but there has been concern that greater longevity may bring with it greater disability. We performed a longitudinal study to determine whether persons with lower potentially modifiable health risks have more or less cumulative disability.
Cryopreservation of Rat Aortic Valves Results in Increased Structural Failure
Authors: Jean Francois Legare, Timothy D. G. Lee, David B. Ross
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The cause of valve allograft failure is most likely multifactorial and may include mechanical, immunological, and other factors. Cryopreservation of these valves is often used to extend storage times. However, there has been considerable confusion as to the effects of cryopreservation on valve durability. Our objective was to determine the effects of cryopreservation on histopathological changes in rat aortic valve grafts. Methods and Results —Syngeneic rat aortic valve grafts (Lewis to Lewis; n=24) and allogeneic rat aortic valve grafts (Brown Norway to Lewis; n=24) were implanted infrarenally, either fresh or after cryopreservation. At 7, 14, and 28 days, the valves were explanted, and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed in a blinded fashion. Fresh syngeneic graft leaflets retained their normal structure for the 28-day period of observation. Cryopreserved syngeneic grafts showed retrovalvar thrombus formation, with leaflet destruction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Fresh allogeneic graft leaflets showed significant leaflet thickening and progressive destruction at 14 and 28 days. Cryopreserved allogeneic grafts had evidence of retrovalvar thrombus formation with leaflet destruction at 7, 14, and 28 days. Cryopreserved syngeneic grafts resulted in significant infiltration of mononuclear (ED1 + ) cells not seen with fresh syngeneic grafts but similar to fresh allogeneic grafts. All allogeneic grafts resulted in significant infiltration of T-lymphocytes (CD3 + , CD8 + , CD43 + ). Conclusions —Cryopreservation appears to predispose syngeneic and allogeneic rat aortic valve leaflets to accelerated injury and destruction. This mode of failure resembles that of fresh allogeneic valve grafts.
The 5' flanking polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene is associated with coronary artery disease susceptibility in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia Hideaki Kaneda, Junichi Taguchi, Tadanori Aizawa, Minoru Ohno. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
A3.07 How well do acpa discriminate and predict ra in the general population -– a study based on 12,590 population-representative swedish twins
Authors: AH Hensvold, T Frisell, PKE Magnusson, R Holmdahl, J Askling, AI Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and Objective</h3> Anti citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the diagnostic accuracy of ACPA in the general population has not been thoroughly assessed. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ACPAfor RA in the general population and to further characterise the ACPA repertoires. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> Serum samples from alarge population-representative twin cohort consisting of 12,590 individuals were analyzedfor the presence of ACPA using anti-CCP2 ELISA. All ACPA-positive samples (n = 350) were further tested on ELISAs for four peptide-specific ACPAs (alpha-enolase: aa5–21; collagen type II: aa359–369; fibrinogen: aa563–583 and vimentin: aa60–75). RA cases were identified by linkage to the Swedish National Patient Register at inclusion and after a median follow up of 37 months (IQR 31–49). <h3>Results</h3> Three hundred fifty out of 12590 individuals had a positive anti-CCP2 test, measuring ACPA. Of these, 103 had an RA diagnosis at the time of blood donation and inclusion. During a median follow-up of 3 years, an additional 21 of the remaining 247 ACPA-positive individuals developed RA. Overall, anti-CCP2 test and high titers (&gt;3x cut off) of anti-CCP2had sensitivity of 66%and 62% respectively (specificity of 98% and 99% respectively) for prevalent RA. Anti-CCP2 test had a positive predictive value of 29% for prevalent RA at inclusion (negative predictive value of 99.6%) in this population-representative cohort. High titers (&gt;3x cut off) of anti-CCP2 increased the positive predictive value to 48% (negative predictive value of 99.5%). ACPA-positive individuals without RA had lower anti-CCP2 titers and fewer peptide-specific ACPAs than ACPA-positive patients with RA, and higher C-reactive protein levels than anti-CCP2-negative individuals without RA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Presence of ACPA and especially high titers of anti-CCP2 have a high diagnostic accuracy for an RA diagnosis in a population setting.
Phase 1 study of the PSMA-targeted tubulysin small-molecule drug conjugate EC1169 in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Michael J. Morris, Daniel Peter Petrylak, A. Oliver Sartor, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Michael Groaning, Samuel Ejadi, Anthony W. Tolcher, Hani M. Babiker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

2586 Background: EC1169 is a small molecule drug conjugate designed to bind to prostate cancer (PCa) cells via prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and, following endocytosis, to then release tubulysin B hydrazide (potent antimitotic). EC1169 administration to mice bearing PSMA-positive LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b xenografts has resulted in complete remissions and cures. EC0652, a novel tracer composed of a technetium-99m chelator and a PSMA-targeting moiety, is being developed to characterize whole body PSMA expression in real time. Rapid PSMA-specific uptake of 99mTc-EC0652 into tumor tissue and rapid clearance from normal tissue results in enhanced tumor-to-background ratios to localize PSMA expressing tissue on SPECT imaging. Methods: Key inclusion criteria are ECOG PS 0-1, adequate organ function, and a diagnosis of mCRPC. Patients (pts) undergo 99mTc-EC0652 SPECT scan prior to therapy. EC1169 is administered intravenously on 1 of 2 schedules every 21 days: 3 times weekly with 1 week off (TIW regimen), or once a week for 2 weeks with 1 week off (QW regimen). Dose escalation is based upon the “3+3” method. Study objectives include determination of EC1169’s maximal tolerated dose, safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity. 99mTc-EC0652 safety will be characterized. Results: Twenty-one pts are evaluable for cycle 1 toxicity (TIW: 5 pts; QW: 16 pts). All pts are Caucasian. Median age is 69.0 (range: 53-82). Median time on study is 6.7 weeks (range: 0.1-33.1). Median number (range) of administered EC1169 cycles is 4 (3-4) for TIW pts, and 2 (1-11) for QW pts. 9 of 21 pts have had drug-related (DR) adverse events (AE’s). No DRAE has occurred in > 1 TIW pt. Vomiting and fatigue were the only DRAE’s reported in ≥ 2 QW pts. There have been no on-study deaths, DR Grade 3-4 toxicity or serious adverse events, or dose limiting toxicity. 3 pts have demonstrated stable disease lasting more than 4 cycles. To date, no patient has demonstrated a 50% decrease in PSA. Dose proportionate increases in both Cmax and AUC for EC1169 have been observed. Conclusions: Both EC1169 and 99mTc-EC0652 appear to be well tolerated in mCRPC pts. Dose escalation and PK analyses are ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02202447.
Cutaneous Rhizopus infection. Occurrence as a postoperative complication associated with an elasticized adhesive dressing
Authors: J. H. Mead
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A 29-year-old woman in good health except for scoliosis suffered severe sequelae during the postoperative course for placement of a Harrington rod. A cutaneous<i>Rhizopus</i>infection in and about the incision site was attributed to the use of a contaminated elasticized adhesive (Elastoplast) dressing. The contamination was established as a nosocomial problem, which is extremely difficult to control. The extent of the infection, subsequent long recovery course, and remarkable sequelae make this case unusual. (<i>JAMA</i>242:272-274, 1979)
Lincomycin and clindamycin colitis.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In most patients thorough treatment with alkalies will suffice, provided it is accompanied by advice aimed at reducing reflux.3Weight reduction and attempts to improve general muscle tone should strengthen the oesophageal sphincter.Other details of diet need emphasizing, such as avoidance of fats, cutting down sugar, and limitation of tea and coffee drinking.Patients should be warned against stooping, sitting hunched up, especially after meals, and the tendency to slip down from a propped-up position in bed at night.Tight garments and straining, which cause undue rises in intra- abdominal pressure, would be expected to put a strain on the sphincter.Smoking should be discouraged because it lowers sphincter pressure,4 probably by releasing P-adrenergic trans- mitters.So does atropine, and anticholinergic drugs should not be given.A small number of patients will require additional drug treatment.Theoretically, cholinergic drugs should increase oesophageal motility and enhance sphincter tone, and a recent double-blind trial of oral bethanecol supports this.5The drug was given to 20 patients with chronic heartburn in a dose of 25 mg four times a day.There was considerable symptomatic improvement and the need for antacids was reduced in most patients during an eight months' period of observation.Metoclopramide, in a dose of 10 mg three times a day, may be a useful alternative, though it acts differently by sensitizing oesophageal smooth muscle.A promising line for the future will be to explore the place of polypeptides.Analogues of prostaglandins, for example, might improve sphincter tone.These and other drugs should be evaluated by using physio- logical techniques for measuring the oesophageal response.
Potentially Carcinogenic Species Emitted to the Atmosphere by Fossil-Fueled Power Plants
Authors: D. F. S. Natusch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The identities and physicochemical characteristics of potentially carcinogenic species emitted to the atmosphere by fossil-fueled power plants are presented and discussed. It is pointed out that many so-called carcinogens are preferentially concentrated on the surface of respirable fly ash particles thus enabling them to come into intimate contact with lung tissues when inhaled. Relatively little information is available about the identities of particulate polycyclic organic compounds whose emission from coal fired power plants may well be substantially greater than hitherto supposed. The importance of chemical changes, which several species may undergo following emission (but prior to inhalation) in determining their potential carcinogenic impact, is stressed.
Growing Up. The Story of How We Become Alive, Are Born and Grow Up.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High content screening of patient-derived cell lines highlights the potential of non-standard chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Jessica Taylor, Kenny Yu, Omar Pathmanaban, Deniz Beyit, Joanna Dutko-Gwozdz, Rod Benson, Gareth Griffiths, Catherine McBain, Ian Peers, Peter Ceuppens, Ian Kamaly-asl, Brian Bigger
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults, yet survival outcomes remain poor. First line treatment is well established but with disease recurrence almost inevitable, improving prognosis is challenging. With the aim of personalising therapy at recurrence we have established a high content screening (HCS) platform to analyse the sensitivity profile of seven patient-derived cancer stem cell lines to 82 FDA-approved chemotherapy drugs, with and without irradiation. Seven cancer stem cell lines were derived from patients with GBM, or GBM variants. Along with the established cell line U87-MG, each patient-derived line was cultured in tandem in serum-free conditions as adherent monolayers and three-dimensional neurospheres. Chemotherapeutics were screened at multiple concentrations and cells double-stained to observe their effect on both cell death and proliferation. Sensitivity was classified using high-throughput algorithmic image analysis. Cell line specific drug responses were observed across the seven patient-derived cell lines. Few agents were seen to have radio-sensitising effects, yet some drug classes showed a marked difference in efficacy between monolayers and neurospheres. In vivo validation of six drugs indicated that cell death readout in a three-dimensional culture scenario is a more physiologically relevant screening model, and can be used effectively to assess the chemosensitivity of patient-derived GBM lines. The study puts forward a number of non-standard chemotherapeutics that could be useful in the treatment of recurrent GBM, whilst demonstrating the potential of HCS to be used for personalised treatment based on the chemosensitivity profile of patient tumour cells.
A physician in 1776
Authors: G. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In 1775 a Virginia physician penned the following certificate<sup>1</sup>: These Presents will Inform All whom are Concern<sup>d</sup>that M<sup>r</sup>Cary Henry Hampton of the County of P<sup>r</sup>William in the Colony of Virginia hath Compleat<sup>d</sup>his Apprentisship to my Instruction in the Arts &amp; Scienes [sic] of Anatomy, Chirurgery, Physic &amp; Midwifery to all of which for the space of four years he hath been Studious &amp; Diligent. He is well grounded in the teachings of Cheseldens Anatomy, Heisters Surgery, Cullens Materia Medica, Smellies Midwifery, the Works of our Masters Sydenham &amp; Hippocrates which he hath read in the Latin tongue, as well as many other books of our Proffession and in the Instruction I have give to him at the beds of my Patients &amp; elsewhere. So I repose my Confidence in his Knowledge &amp; Reccommend him to all those who require his Skill &amp;
The effects of red blood cell infusion on 10-km race time
Authors: A. J. Brien
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of infusion of 400 mL of red blood cells (RBCs) on 10-km track race time, submaximal heart rate, hematocrit, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and partial pressure of oxygen at 50% hemoglobin saturation. Six highly trained, male, distance runners twice donated a unit of RBCs, which was frozen for subsequent reinfusion. Eleven weeks after the second donation, they undertook a series of three competitive 10-km races on a standard 400-m track: before infusion, after 100 mL of saline solution, and after 400 mL of autologous, previously frozen deglycerolized RBCs. All subjects took all trials in this double-blind, placebo, crossover, experimental design. Running time was recorded at each 400-m split, and blood was collected prior to each trial. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Results following the RBC infusion showed a significantly higher hematocrit concentration, a significantly faster 10-km run, a nonsignificant decrease in submaximal heart rate (10 beats per minute), and no significant changes in either 2,3-diphosphoglycerate or partial pressure of oxygen at 50% hemoglobin saturation. Erythrocythemia induced by the infusion of 400 mL of autologous packed RBCs effectively increased performance capacity in a 10-km track race, probably due to an increase in oxygen delivery to the working muscles. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2761-2765)
THE TREATMENT OF ACNE.
Authors: HENRY WM. BLANC
Journal: JAMA (1890)

When we consider what a common affection is acne, it is rather remarkable that so little attention is given to it by the general practi tioner. If a youth between the ages of thirteen and twenty-five years asks the advice of his family physician about a face broken out with pimples, he is not infrequently given a large amount of advice and a small amount of arsenic, and told that he will soon outgrow the disease, or<i>out live</i>it, at any rate. If a young girl is afflicted with the trouble she gets similar advice, but the arsenic is now mixed with a little iron, or some emmenagogue; and she, too, is sent on her way to await the pre dicted disappearance. But does this spontaneous cure come to confirm this advice? In a few instances I have seen involution take place in about two or three years, leaving
Current concepts in brain resuscitation
Authors: M. C. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHILE the initial impetus for intensive care 20 years ago grew out of major advances in cardiac and pulmonary care, the last decade has seen a tremendous interest in neurological intensive care. Several factors have combined to stimulate this interest. First, as intensivists provided better care to sicker patients with cardiac and pulmonary disease, critically ill patients survived more often and a review of their longterm complications noted a significant frequency of neurological problems. Next, as an outgrowth of the Vietnam War, techniques for rapid evacuation of casualties were used to improve treatment for traffic accident victims in the United States. The result was large numbers of hospitalized patients with head injury. Neurosurgical techniques designed to treat head-injured patients, including intracranial pressure monitoring, became commonplace in tertiary care hospitals. Pharmacologic and physiological treatment for cerebral edema, developed for patients with head injury, was used in medical patients with conditions ranging
Expanding AIDS drug availability
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A FOOD AND DRUG Administration (FDA) committee has endorsed in principle the concept of expanding the availability of drugs at an early stage of testing to treat acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The driving forces behind this move include AIDS activist groups and support from such medical leaders as Anthony Fauci, MD, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. In accepting the principle, the FDA committee nevertheless grappled with a long list of potential issues that had to be left for later resolution. The committee recommended that these issues be resolved by another group that will be mandated to oversee the process of getting the idea off the ground. Among these issues are the following: Even though drugs may be made available during phase I testing, it is necessary to ensure that properly controlled clinical trials to determine efficacy will not be compromised. Some evidence must exist that
Does psychoanalysis have a valuable place in modern mental health services? No
Authors: P. Salkovskis, L. Wolpert
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Peter Fonagy </b>and<b> Alessandra Lemma</b> say that the psychoanalytical approach can provide a useful and unique contribution to modern healthcare (doi:10.1136/bmj.e1211), but <b>Paul Salkovskis </b>and<b> Lewis Wolpert</b> argue that it may have no place there at all