tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin Embolism to the Lung
Authors: Albert E. Hirst
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Many forms of matter, including solids, liquids, and gases, have traveled through the circulation to become impacted as emboli at some more distant site. The most frequently encountered varieties include thrombi, fat, air, bacteria, and bone marrow, but atheromata, amniotic fluid, starch, cotton fibers, mercury, oil, silicone, catheters, bile, and even bullets have produced embolism. An excellent review of the subject has recently been published by Mehta and Rubenstone.<sup>1</sup> We have been able to find only one previous published case of skin embolism, that reported by Berdnikoff and Couillard.<sup>2</sup>In this instance, death of a newborn infant was attributed to a paradoxical skin embolus to a coronary artery, presumably introduced into the circulation during surgical treatment of a large omphalocele one hour after birth. The authors postulated that the embolus had passed through a patent ductus to reach the left side of the heart where
Hormone Replacement Therapy May Reduce the Return of Endogenous Lead from Bone to the Circulation
Authors: Colin E. Webber, David R. Chettle, Robert J. Bowins, Lesley F. Beaumont, Christopher L. Gordon, Xinni Song, Jennifer M. Blake, Robert H. McNutt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women suppresses the increase in bone resorption expected as circulating levels of endogenous estrogen decline. We tested the hypothesis that bone lead content might remain elevated in women on HRT. Fifty six women who at recruitment were on average 35 years postmenopausal were placed on calcium supplementation. Six months later 33 of these women were prescribed either low dose or moderate dose hormone replacement in addition to the calcium supplementation. After approximately 4 years of hormone replacement, lead content was measured at the tibia and calcaneus by in vivo fluorescence excitation, and lead concentrations were measured in serum, whole blood, and urine. Women not taking hormones had significantly lower lead concentrations in cortical bone compared to all women on HRT (p = 0.007). Tibia lead content (mean +/- SD) for women on calcium only was 11.13 +/- 6.22 microgram/g bone mineral. For women on HRT, tibia bone lead was 19.37 +/- 8.62 micrograms/g bone mineral on low-dose HRT and 16.87 +/- 11.68 micrograms/g bone mineral on moderate-dose HRT. There were no differences between groups for lead concentrations measured in trabecular bone, whole blood, serum or urine. Hormone replacement maintains cortical bone lead content. In women not on HRT, there will be a perimenopausal release of lead from bone.
Businesses, federal government move to pick up AIDS gauntlet
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

RESPONSE TO SOME challenges posed by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to appear a little more attainable after two meetings in Chicago in October, AIDS Awareness Month. One was an unprecedented nationwide effort to direct private sector initiatives toward managing a public health problem. The other heralded a long-awaited, broadbased approach to disease containment via information and education ordered by Washington. <h3>AIDS: Corporate America Responds:</h3> What's good for General Motors may help this country cope more effectively with AIDS. That's the feeling engendered by the two-day gathering, called "AIDS: Corporate America Responds," sponsored by Allstate Insurance Company, Northbrook, Ill. Senior executives from more than 125 Fortune 500 companies appeared not to flinch when Mervyn F. Silverman, MD, MPH, president of the American Foundation for AIDS Research, greeted them with: "Welcome to the war." The purpose of the forum was to develop policy guidelines for dealing with AIDS in the workplace—only
Sleep Medicine
Authors: Dennis Rosen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ESTIMATION OF VITAMIN C
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poland Revisited
Authors: Thomas G. Webster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

AT the invitation of Polish colleagues and with the approval of the Polish Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, I returned to Poland for 11 days in June 1982, one year after a longer visit in 1981 and six months after the establishment of martial law. Poland was one of several countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa that I had visited during 1980–1981.I was particularly interested in revisiting Poland to follow up on recent changes, again concentrating on issues of health policy and care, manpower distribution, and education, particularly in psychiatry and primary health care. Moreover, I considered it . . .
Incarcerated inguinal hernia in infants.
Authors: A L Sparnon, E M Kiely, L Spitz
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Inguinal hernia is the most common condition requiring surgery in childhood, occurring in 1-2% of live male births.' 2 Incarcerationthat is, entrapment of bowel without the vascular compromise of strangulation-complicates 7-30% of these hernias and occurs most often during the first six months of life.34Some 95% of incarcerated hernias may be reduced successfully by non-operative manoeuvres, though gentle taxis under sedation may be necessary.4Routine inguinal herniotomy is performed after 24-48 hours when the oedema of the sac and tissues has subsided.This management plan is widely practised and there are few reports of complications.We describe three cases in which this approach was altered because of life threatening complications. Case historiesCase I-A 17 day old boy was admitted with abdominal distension, vomiting, and a small, easily reducible right inguinal hernia associated with an undescended testicle.He had been born at 32 weeks with a birth weight of 2200 g.Abdominal radiography after reduction showed distended air filled loops of small and large intestine.The features were interpreted as being consistent with early necrotising enterocolitis and treatment consisting of nil by mouth, nasogastric aspiration, intravenous ampicillin, gentamicin, and metronidazole begun.He gradually deteriorated and a bolus of plasma (15 ml/kg) was required to establish a satisfactory condition.Repeat examination confirmed that the hernia remained reduced, but the abdominal distension persisted and the overall general deterioration continued.At laparotomy 12 hours after the initial reduction a Richter hernia was found affecting a knuckle of terminal ileum incarcerated at the right deep inguinal ring.The bowel wall was severely congested but was viable.A routine inguinal herniotomy was performed through a separate incision in the right groin.The postoperative course was uneventful.Case 2-A 16 month old boy weighing 10-7 kg was admitted to a local hospital with a history of distressing cough and vomiting for 48 hours.Six weeks previously he had been diagnosed as suffering from whooping cough.He had undergone repair of a right inguinal hernia at the age of 11 months.On examination a left inguinal hernia was found, which was easily reduced.Over the next 48 hours his general condition deteriorated with progressively worsening vomiting, absent bowel actions, and increasing abdominal distension.Abdominal radiography showed dilated loops of small intestine with fluid levels and he was therefore referred for management of a suspected intestinal obstruction.On admission he was shocked and required a bolus of plasma (30 mI/kg) for resuscitation.Examination confirmed general distension of the abdomen with no evidence of a hernia.At laparotomy a dilated and obstructed small bowel was found proximal to a Richter hernia of distal ileum at the left deep inguinal ring.The bowel was oedematous and dusky but was viable.Routine left inguinal herniotomy was performed through a separate groin incision.Recovery was uneventful.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Yoga for Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson Disease 755Between 40% and 50% of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) experience anxiety and depression.While clinical practice guidelines support exercises for PD rehabilitation, existing evidence of yoga for stress and symptom management is scarce.In this randomized clinical trial of 138 patients with PD, half were randomized to mindfulness yoga and half to a stretching and resistance training exercise plan.Kwok and coauthors found that patients in both groups experienced improved mobility, and patients in the mindfulness yoga program showed additional benefits on measures of psychological distress, spiritual wellbeing, and health-related quality of life, with comparable benefits related to motor dysfunction and mobility.Yoga that teaches mindfulness along with physical activity may be well suited for stress and symptom management in patients with PD.
Trimethoprim Therapy for Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin, William A. Craig, David T. Uehling
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE COMBINATION of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole has been reported by several groups to be effective for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections in otherwise healthy women.<sup>1,2</sup>Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that therapeutically adequate concentrations of trimethoprim can be achieved in the urine of patients with renal failure provided the creatinine clearance is not below 10 ml/min.<sup>3</sup>Trimethoprim is not currently available as a single agent in this country, but can be obtained for investigative purposes. We were asked to care for a patient with severe renal failure, due to chronic pyelonephritis and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, who was suffering from recurrent episodes of urinary infection associated with<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. The patient was allergic to sulfonamides and had adverse reactions to drugs commonly used to treat urinary tract infections; she had no known adverse reaction to trimethoprim. Trimethoprim was administered to the patient after she was informed of its
Delayed diagnosis of infants with abnormal neonatal screens
Authors: R. Listernick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify infants who were diagnosed clinically with a condition that previously had been detected by a state neonatal screening program, but who had failed to receive medical attention in a timely fashion. <h3>Design.</h3> —A descriptive case series of infants over a 2-year period from 1989 to 1991. <h3>Setting.</h3> —An academically affiliated tertiary care pediatric hospital, a major referral center for children with abnormal results on state neonatal screening tests. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients who (1) had a diagnosis suspected clinically, (2) had confirmation of disease, and (3) were subsequently found to have had abnormal screening results. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Age at clinical diagnosis, morbidity due to delay in diagnosis, and postnatal medical follow-up. <h3>Results.</h3> —Ten children were identified, three with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and seven with a hemoglobinopathy. In each case, the screening program had clear documentation that the office of the physician of record had received prompt telephone communication of the abnormal result. The mean age at clinical diagnosis was 32 days for the children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 215 days for those with sickle cell anemia, substantially longer than is mandated by proper neonatal screening practice. Potentially life-threatening complications of the underlying disease were present in six children. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A significant number of neonates who have metabolic disorders appropriately identified by a neonatal screening test may fail to receive timely treatment. Consideration should be given to implementing a system of directly contacting the parents of all presumptive positive cases by the state screening program. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1095-1099)
Research Governance: Where did it Come From, What Does it Mean?
Authors: Sara Shaw, Petra M Boynton, Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

For a variety of historical and social reasons, research has become increasingly formalized and regulated. This change has potential benefits (reduction in fraud and misconduct, protection of vulnerable groups, financial probity) but also disadvantages (increased paperwork, time delays, constraints on research freedom). The terms 'research' and 'governance' mean different things in different contexts. Even with explicit guidance, ambiguities must be resolved by human judgement. Variation in the nature and outcome of approval decisions is therefore a fact of life. The type of approval needed for a research study depends on the official remit of the approval body, the question to be addressed; the methods to be used; the context in which the work will take place; the level of analysis and interpretation; and the plans for how the findings will be presented and used.
Basic science
Authors: Ajstanlv Ehforrest, A Paadooulou, A Mcdonald, P Darbyshire, I Booth, ' Sa, Watson 'pa, J Varro
Journal: Gut (1996)

Cirrhotic patients have a characteristic hyperdynamic systemic circulation and evidence of renal vasoconstriction and tubular dysfunction, maximal in patients with ascites.These renal abnormalities are reproduced by stimulation of adenosine (ADO)-1 receptors in the kidney.Aim: To assess the systemic and renal effects of a novel ADO-1 antagonist (FK352) in cirrhotic patients with ascites.Patients: Eight cirrhotic patients (4 males) were studied (mean age 52.3 years (3.3), mean CPS 8.1 (0.5)).None were taking vasoactive medications and diuretics were stopped 1 week prior to the study.Methods: Urine and plasma were collected at half hourly intervals for 2 hours before and 2 hours after administration of 10mg (first 4 patients) or 25mg FK352 (next 4 patients) to measure absolute sodium excretion (Ur.Na), free water clearance (H20 Cl.) and estimate GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) using inulin and PAH clearance methods.Unilateral renal vein flow (RBF) (thermodilution method), cardiac index (CI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were measured prior to and following drug administration.Results: Pre and post dru administration results are summarised:Ur. Na Ur. volume H20 Cl RBF (umol) (ml)(mVmin) mmin) Pre- 209.7(106.5)207.8(53.3)3.8(1.2) 451.7 (146.5)Post- 549.0(159.5)392.5(84.3)7.9(2.2) 589.0 (154.3)p value p<0.01 p=0.02 p=0.05 p<0.05No changes were seen in CI or SVRI.Clearance results are awaited.Conclusion: ADO appears to have a role in the renal impairment seen in cirrhosis, acting via ADO-1 receptors.ADO-1 specific antagonism offers a new therapeutic approach to the management of cirrhotic ascites and the associated renal dysfunction.
Prevalence of untreated asthma in a population sample of 6000 older adults in Bristol, UK
Authors: L Dow, L Fowler, L Phelps, K Waters, D Coggon, A L Kinmonth, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (2001)

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of untreated asthma in older adults. METHODS A cross sectional population based survey of 6000 men and women aged 65 years and over was performed in 21 general practices in north Bristol, south west England. The main outcome measure was untreated asthma as defined by a two stage process comprising a respiratory questionnaire (symptoms suggestive of asthma or doctor diagnosed asthma not receiving respiratory treatment) followed by lung function tests (significant reversibility following bronchodilators or corticosteroids and/or significant within day variability in peak expiratory flow). RESULTS 4792 of the 6000 participants (80%) completed the respiratory questionnaire and, of those not receiving respiratory treatment, 55 reported a previous doctor diagnosis of asthma and a further 696 had symptoms suggestive of asthma. Lung function testing in 280 of 501 randomly selected individuals from these groups resulted in 38 being defined as having asthma and an estimated population prevalence for untreated asthma of 2.4% (95% CI 1.6% to 3.6%) in men and 1.2% (95% CI 0.7% to 2.1%) in women. Most subjects (84%) with untreated asthma had moderate or severe disease. Untreated asthma was most common in individuals with doctor diagnosed asthma (21%) and those with breathlessness or wheeze (13–20%). CONCLUSION Untreated asthma in the elderly is a common and important problem. Opportunistic use of appropriate lung function tests in older people with a history of doctor diagnosed asthma or wheeze or breathlessness at rest could identify untreated asthmatics who might benefit from treatment.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 10 to September 1, 1964
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1964)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 10 to September 1, 1964 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 33, Issue 4, October 1964, Page 751, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/33.4.751 Published: 01 October 1964
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE2) for severe hepatic dysfunction (SEHD) following orthotopic liver transplantation Liver Support Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The increasing gap between the number of patients who could benefit from liver transplantation and the number of available donors has fueled efforts to maximize the donor pool using marginal grafts that usually were discarded for transplantation. This study included data of all patients who received decreased donor liver grafts between January 2004 and January 2013 (n = 218) with the use of a prospectively collected database. Patients with acute liver failure, retransplantation, pediatric transplantation, and split liver transplantation were excluded. Donors were classified as standard donor (SD), extended criteria donor (ECD), and overextended criteria donor (OECD). The primary endpoints of the study were early allograft primary dysfunction (PDF), primary nonfunction (PNF), and patient survival (PS), whereas incidence of major postoperative complications was the secondary endpoint. In our series we demonstrated that OECD have similar outcome in terms of survival and incidence of complication after liver transplantation as ideal grafts.
Academic Sanction
Authors: Sylvain Fribourg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Dr Crawshaw<sup>1</sup>seems to lean away from academic sanction based on sociopolitical grounds. However, there may be a difference between countries that exercise repugnant behavior within their borders and countries that do so beyond their borders and contrary to accepted rules of international law. More specifically, Iran comes to mind in that the actions of this country and its citizens have gone well beyond the pale, starting with violation of the internationally accepted and practiced extraterritorial rights and privileges of embassies and embassy personnel worldwide when the American embassy and Americans were held hostage and terrorized. Dr Crawshaw's consideration of this matter would be appreciated by myself and perhaps by others among your readership.
Isolated deficiencies of anterior pituitary hormones. Symptoms and diagnosis
Authors: W. D. Odell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the past ten years, as more refined techniques for evaluation of hormone secretion have evolved, a number of patients suffering from a deficiency of a single anterior pituitary hormone have been described. Although symptoms and physical findings of patients suffering from panhypopituitarism are contained in most textbooks of endocrinology, this is often not true for patients with isolated deficiencies of pituitary hormones. The purpose of this paper is to present and clarify some aspects of the symptomatology, physical findings, and diagnosis of isolated pituitary hormone defects. Isolated deficiencies of adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, somatotropin, and gonadotropins have been described. Each of these will be discussed and exemplary case histories presented. <h3>The Isolated Deficiency of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)</h3> At least ten patients with hypoadrenotropism or the isolated deficiency of ACTH have been described in the literature. The first was probably that of Steinberg et al<sup>1</sup>who reported a deeply pigmented woman
Cystic fibrosis and heterozygote fitness
Authors: R. B. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Drs Wilfond and Fost<sup>1</sup>on the cystic fibrosis gene confines itself to the medical and social implications for heterozygote detection. The reliable detection of heterozygotes has important theoretical implications for the science of medical genetics: it will allow the testing of the hypothesis of increased heterozygote fitness for common lethal autosomal recessive diseases. Presumably, the commonness of certain genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by the increased reproductive fitness of heterozygotes over that of noncarriers. The increased resistance of sickle cell heterozygotes to malaria is the paradigm for such balanced polymorphisms. About one in 21 whites is a carrier for the genetically lethal disease of CF. If we assume that the fitness of heterozygotes over that of noncarriers is small, then only when selective pressures are great (like that of falciparum malaria in tropical Africa) could