tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) levels are enhanced in fetal liver by in utero ethanol exposure: Role of low HNE catabolism in fetal liver . Univ TX Hlth Sci Ctr/SA, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7878
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated catecholamine overflow were examined. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The first group received a chronic liquid diet containing ethanol (37%) for 3 weeks. The second group was pair-fed a liquid diet with dextrin substituted for ethanol isocalorically. The third group received Purina rat lab chow and water ad libitum. N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated [3H]catecholamine overflow from brain tissue slices was determined. N-methyl-d-aspartate (50–2000 μM) produced a concentration-dependent increase in [3H]norepinephrine overflow from cortical and hippocampal slices with no significant alteration of the response following chronic ethanol treatment. [3H]Dopamine overflow from striatal slices of the chronic ethanol group was significantly different at 1000 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate. The response of the chronic ethanol-treated group at the 1000 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate concentration was 30% and 40% lower than the pair-fed and ad libitum controls, respectively. Ethanol when added in vitro (30–200 mM) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (150 μM) stimulated efflux in all brain regions, and chronic ethanol treatment did not alter the inhibitory response. These results indicate an apparant lack of adaptation in N-methyl-d-aspartate-stimulated transmitter release following chronic ethanol treatment in this particular paradigm.
Prostatectomies
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypoactive delirium
Authors: Christian Hosker, David Ward
Journal: BMJ (2017)

#### What you need to know Hypoactive delirium tends to capture less clinical attention than hyperactive delirium. Like all delirium, it can occur in a variety of patients and settings and will consequently be encountered by many groups of doctors. It can be more difficult to recognise, and is associated with worse outcomes, than hyperactive delirium. This article outlines when to suspect, assess, and appropriately manage patients with hypoactive delirium. Hypoactive delirium is dominated by symptoms of drowsiness and inactivity, whereas hyperactive delirium is characterised by restlessness and agitation (see infographic).1 Some people experience a mix of these subtypes.2 All forms of delirium are a syndrome characterised by acute changes from baseline in a patient's ability to maintain attention and awareness, accompanied by other disturbances in cognition that develop over a short period of time (hours to days) and tend to fluctuate in severity over the course of a day (see box 1).3 It can arise as a physiological consequence of a medical condition, substance withdrawal or intoxication state, exposure to toxins, or a combination of these. #### Box 1: DSM 5 classification of delirium and techniques for diagnosis3 In order for a patient to be diagnosed with delirium they must display all of the following: 1. Disturbance in attention (reduced ability to direct, focus, sustain, and shift attention) and awareness (reduced orientation to the environment).
Proc National Acad Sciences USA, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dimensions of Personality Pathology: An Alternative to the Five-Factor Model
Authors: J. Shedler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Researchers have advocated replacing the DSM-IV classification of personality disorders with an alternative diagnostic system based on the five-factor model. This study evaluates the clinical comprehensiveness of the five-factor model and addresses the broader question of how many factors, and which factors, are necessary to understand personality pathology. METHOD: A national sample of 530 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists used the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) to provide detailed psychological descriptions of patients with personality disorder diagnoses. The SWAP-200 is a 200-item instrument designed to capture the richness and complexity of clinical observations while also providing quantifiable data for research. We used factor analysis to identify dimensions of personality relevant to understanding personality pathology. RESULTS: The five-factor structure replicated in a content-restricted subset of 60 SWAP-200 items. However, factor analysis of the full SWAP-200 yielded a conceptually richer factor solution that did not resemble the five-factor model. The analysis identified 12 clinically relevant personality dimensions labeled psychological health, psychopathy, hostility, narcissism, emotional dysregulation, dysphoria, schizoid orientation, obsessionality, thought disorder, oedipal conflict (histrionic sexualization), dissociation, and sexual conflict. CONCLUSIONS: The five-factor model represents a sound distillation of the personality constructs used by laypersons. However, it omits key clinical constructs and may not capture the complexity of personality syndromes seen in clinical practice. The SWAP-200 factors may provide a framework for studying personality pathology that is both empirically grounded and clinically relevant.
Fifth World Congress of Cryosurgery
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

Journal Article Fifth World Congress of Cryosurgery Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 70, Issue 5, May 1983, Page 988, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/70.5.988 Published: 01 May 1983
The Rockefeller Foundation, International Health Division, Annual Report 1940
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Free-Radical Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke and Its Toxicological Implications
Authors: Daniel F. Church, William A. Pryor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Cigarette smoke contains two very different populations of free radicals, one in the tar and one in the gas phase. The tar phase contains several relatively stable free radicals; we have identified the principal radical as a quinone/hydroquinone (Q/QH2) complex held in the tarry matrix. We suggest that this Q/QH2 polymer is an active redox system that is capable of reducing molecular oxygen to produce superoxide, eventually leading to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, we have shown that the principal radical in tar reacts with DNA in vitro, possibly by covalent binding. The gas phase of cigarette smoke contains small oxygen- and carbon-centered radicals that are much more reactive than are the tar-phase radicals. These gas-phase radicals do not arise in the flame, but rather are produced in a steady state by the oxidation of NO to NO2, which then reacts with reactive species in smoke such as isoprene. We suggest that these radicals and the metastable products derived from these radical reactions may be responsible for the inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by fresh smoke. Cigarette smoke oxidizes thiols to disulfides; we suggest the active oxidants are NO and NO2. The effects of smoke on lipid peroxidation are complex, and this is discussed. We also discuss the toxicological implications for the radicals in smoke in terms of a number of radical-mediated disease processes, including emphysema and cancer.
Manuale Pratico dell' Igienista, Per uso degli ufficiali sanitari, degli aspiranti ad uffici nella amministrazione sanitaria dello stato e dei comuni, degli allievi dei corsi complementari di igiene e degli studenti di medicina, farmacia e veterinaria.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transactions of the American Gynecological Society, for the year 1894.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HONESTY IN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholera
Authors: J. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1849)

MEDICINE, on the Pathology and Treatment of TROPICAL FEVEIHS, the relation between the algide stage of their intermitting and remitting forms, and that of Cholera, was briefly noticed.The analogy of the phenomena ac- companying the reaction and hot stages of these fevers, with the febrile or consecutive stage of Cholera, was also brought under consideration, and stated to be referable to an increased flow of blood through the spinal marrow and its dependent nerves, similar to that which seems to oe associated with the symptoms of the hot stage in both diseases.The extraordinary general similarity also of symptoms claracterizing the different stages of Cholera, to those attending certain modifications of fever, could scarcely pass unobserved, by any one who had opportunity, within the tropics, of becoming familiar with such affections; nor could the striking fact remain uniheeded, that attacks of endemic Cholera happened, like intermittents, most commonly at the changes of the moon, and prevailed, along with these fevers, in the same locality.Such manifest resemblances could not fail n impressing the mind with a belief, that if the relation of these diseases be not constant, it at least arises from the same extemal atmospheric influences which change the human organism from a state of health to disease.So forciblv had fiats brought this conviction to my mind, that in my Cholera reports, on the disease at Kaira, in 1819, addressed to Dr. S. Meek, then super- intending surgeon of the Gujerat division, I pointed out the apparently intnate connexion of the two; stating, that several cases had come under my observation, where Cholera and intermittent fever alternated with each other.In 1820, when again reporting to Dr. Jukes, I brought to his notice, that the greater number of Cholera attacks among the prisoners in the jail of Kairm, happened at the lunar periods; and VOL. 1.
Solar urticaria
Authors: H. BAART FAILLE, P. B. ROTTIER, E. H. BAART FAILLE-KUYPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case of solar urticaria is described showing: (1) Action spectra for late erythema (MED), late swelling and wealing with one peak of sensitivity for erythema and wealing at 405 nm. (2) No signs of porphyria. (3) Possibly increased skin mast ceils. (4) Short-lived post-irradiation fibrin deposition. (5) Haemolysis. (6) Apparent suppression of urticaria with the antihistamine Incidal.
Nutrition, small bowel, pancreas, biliary tract
Authors: R Tgeerts, E Rauws, E Solleder, M Richards, Deeks Jj
Journal: Gut (1996)

A pros ective, randomized and stratified study was performed in 13 Centr s in 9 European countries.Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria ( Icer hemorrhage with spurting, oozing or a non-bleeding visible v ssel) were randomly allocated after pretreatment with epinephir e to receive single injection therapy with fibrin glue (FG), repeated herapy with FG or single sclerotherapy with Polidocanol 1% as a ontrol group.A daily repeat endoscopic control was performe until the ulcer base presented hematin covered or clean (Forrest 1I or ll).A per pr tocol analysis was performed on 737 patients with a minimum servation period of 5 days and a safety follow-up of one month.Primary efficacy criterion was rebleeding after initial hemostasis efined as bleeding from the same source, visually verified at e doscopy or laparotomy.The reblee ing rate for FG repeated injection was 12,1%, FG single injecti 17,2% and for Polidocanol 21,3%, statistically different fro the FG repeat group (p =0,01, two-sided).Half of the rebleeds o curred within 24 hours after initial hemostasis, before the sch duled repeat endoscopy.Safety analysis as well as evaluation o laboratory parameters and clinical variables revealed no spe *fic risk for either treatment group.Conclusion: Re eat injections of FG significantly reduce re- bleeding.Early re at endoscopy with profylactic re-treatment might be beneficia
The 'new' AMA. A rededication to excellence
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is a<i>JAMA</i>theme issue on quality. It stems from our overriding current professional concern with preserving the quality of care for the sick. The issue was inspired by the tenor and achievements of the June 1986 Annual Meeting of the AMA, which reflect clearly the extraordinary active directions now being taken by organized medicine in the United States. The tone of the meeting was struck early by outgoing President Harrison Rogers, MD, who, in a characteristically straight-to-the-point speech, summarized the intense activity of his year as official spokesman and listener for the Association. Urging the highest standards of quality of care, President Rogers has frequently emphasized that the golden age of medicine is ahead, not behind. He maintained that there is no longer any one best way to practice medicine but that competent, conscientious, and effective physicians practice equally well in many settings and in many practice arrangements.
Effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on FOLFOX and XELOX regimens in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Authors: Grace Wong, Vincent Ha, Michael Patvin Chu, Deonne Dersch-Mills, Sunita Ghosh, Carole Chambers, Michael B. Sawyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

3614 Background: First-line adjuvant chemotherapy options for stage II-III CRC include XELOX (capecitabine (cape), oxaliplatin) and FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin, 5FU). Cape is an oral 5FU prodrug, and recent studies suggested that PPIs may detrimentally affect cape efficacy. Conversely, some literature posits that PPIs may negatively impact CRC itself. Our primary objective was to compare 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates between XELOX-treated PPI-users and non-PPI users, and FOLFOX-treated PPI users and non-PPI users. Our main secondary objective was to compare overall survival (OS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 389 stage II-III CRC patients (pts) who received adjuvant XELOX or FOLFOX from a tertiary cancer center in Alberta, Canada between 2004-2013. Information regarding PPI use, cancer treatment, and pt outcomes were gathered and analyzed from pharmacy databases. Results: 23.4% of XELOX-treated pts and 28.0% of FOLFOX -treated pts used PPIs concurrently with treatment. 3-year RFS was significantly lower in XELOX-treated PPI pts than non-PPI pts (69.5 vs. 82.6%, P= 0.029). Unadjusted analysis showed that XELOX-treated PPI pts were twice as likely to experience cancer recurrence or death as XELOX-treated non-PPI pts (HR 2.03, P= 0.033). FOLFOX-treated PPI pts had a non-significant increase in three-year RFS versus non-PPI pts (82.9 vs. 61.7%, P= 0.066), and no significant difference in recurrence or death (HR 0.51, P= 0.071). No significant differences were seen in OS. Conclusions: Our results suggest that PPIs negatively impacted RFS in early-stage XELOX-treated CRC pts, and yielded no significant effect amongst FOLFOX-treated patients. Further studies are required to corroborate our findings. RFS in stage II-III CRC. Chemotherapy Overlapping PPI use 3-year RFS (%) P value FOLFOX Yes (n = 49) 82.9 0.066 No (n = 126) 61.7 XELOX Yes (n = 50) 69.5 0.029 No (n = 164) 82.6 Cox Proportional Hazards Model: RFS Analysis Patients analyzed HR P value XELOX PPI vs. no PPI 2.03 0.033 FOLFOX PPI vs. no PPI 0.51 0.071 PPI XELOX vs. FOLFOX 1.93 0.161 No PPI XELOX vs. FOLFOX 0.41 < 0.001
ABSTRACTS
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Small microphones were inserted in the heart muscles of dogs and four simultaneous phonoca-rdiograms were recorded.The recordings dem- onstrated that components having frequencies between 20 and 40 c.p.s.originated at the base of the heart and traveled from there to the apex, whereas components having frequencies higher than 40 c.p.s.could not be followed during the progression over the heart.In the range of 20 to 160 c.p.s., the mitral sounds recorded above and below the mitral valve were of opposite phase, suggesting that the mitral valve was the main elas- tic component responsible for the mitral sound.The author 4concluded that the mitral sound is con- ducted through the ventricle in the form of a transverse vibration analogous to the way pulse waves are conducted in the arteries because of the low velocity of conduction., the structural similarity between the heart and the arteries, and the synchronism in the oscillations of transmural pressure and circumferential tension.