tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MAPHY and the Two Arms of HAPPHY
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Heart Attack Primary Prevention in Hypertension (HAPPHY) Trial started in 1976 and results were published in 1987.<sup>1</sup>The main objective of the HAPPHY Trial was to determine whether antihypertensive treatment with β-blockers(atenolol, metoprolol, or propranolol) differed from thiazide diuretic (bendroflumethiazide [bendrofluazide] or hydrochlorothiazide) treatment with respect to the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, mortality from coronary heart disease, and total mortality in men with mild to moderate hypertension. No significant difference between β-blockers and diuretics regarding the above-mentioned end points was found. The Steering Committee decided early on that any comparison of the effect of the β-blockers against each other should not be performed, owing to the fact that there was no randomization between centers choosing different alternatives. This militated against a valid comparison of the β-blockers or of the diuretics used in the trial. Furthermore, too few patients and end points were expected
JAMA Reference directories. Organizations of medical interest
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improvement in Lipid and Glycated Hemoglobin Control Among Black Adults With Diabetes—Raleigh and Greensboro, North Carolina, 1997-2004
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Previous studies have indicated that, in the United States, black persons with diabetes have lower levels of glycemic and lipid control and are at increased risk for diabetes-related complications than white persons with the disease. Clinical trials have demonstrated that glycemic and lipid control can reduce the risk for microvascular and macrovascular complications among adults. In addition, recent studies of national survey data have indicated a secular trend of gradual improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and smoking rates among U.S. persons with diabetes. These studies have demonstrated an increase in the proportion of persons who meet recommended levels for blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and cholesterol. Whether black persons in the United States have benefited from these overall improvements is unclear. Surveys conducted among black adults in Raleigh and Greensboro, North Carolina, as part of Project DIRECT (Diabetes Intervention Reaching and Educating Communities Together), provided an opportunity to examine trends in diabetes control and risk for complications. Project DIRECT is a community-based intervention aimed at improving self-care, access to care, and quality of care for residents with diabetes. The analyses described in this report examined whether glycemic and lipid control improved in both communities from 1997 to 2004, a period of rapid advances in clinical understanding of how to control diabetes and its complications. This report summarizes the results of those analyses, which indicated improvements in the proportion of black adults with diabetes who reported that they were meeting recommended levels of HbA1c, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. However, a substantial number of these persons smoked and were above recommended glycemic and lipid levels at follow-up. Therefore, continued education of the public is important in improving quality of care and reducing risk factors for persons at high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Symptomatic mid-esophageal webs
Authors: M. L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

WEBS of the mid esophagus are unusual, their cause is obscure, and information regarding the results of treatment is scarce. The purpose of this report is to document the clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and intraluminal manometric findings in a man with dysphagia secondary to such constrictions and to discuss appropriate management of this entity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 46-year-old white, married, business executive (SMH 60-60-41) was examined on April 30, 1965, because of intermittent sticking of food in the esophagus since 1945. The episodes of dysphagia, at first, were infrequent but in the past several years had occurred at almost every meal. Food seemed to lodge at a point just inferior to the suprasternal notch and remained there for several minutes to two hours. The bolus would "go through" spontaneously on some occasions but frequently had to be regurgitated by forced gagging. Steak, chicken, grapes, and bread were the major
Interim Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INTERNAL SECRETION OF THE TESTICLE.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personality disorders. Current perspectives
Authors: J. M. Oldham
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Personality disorders are estimated to occur in at least 10% of the population. They can be major sources of long-term disability, and they frequently exist in conjunction with other major psychiatric disorders or with general medical conditions. Not infrequently, patients with personality disorders seek help from primary care physicians for physical complaints, rather than seeking psychiatric help. When a personality disorder is present, treatment of other coexisting psychiatric or medical conditions is frequently more complicated, lengthier, or less successful, a pattern that may at times be due to lack of recognition of the personality disorder. When a personality disorder is diagnosed, more effective treatment may be prescribed, particularly in light of improved treatment strategies for these conditions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1770-1776)
Emergency admission as a route for oesophagogastric cancer diagnosis: a marker of poor outcome and a candidate quality indicator for local services
Authors: M. Shawihdi, N. Stern, E. Thompson, R. Sturgess, N. Kapoor, M. G. Pearson, K. Bodger
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The <b>UK National Cancer Plan</b> (2000) introduced a ‘two week’ waiting time standard for suspected malignancy and guidance to encourage early diagnosis. Improved access to elective (<b>ELECT</b>) investigation should reduce the need for emergency (<b>EMERG</b>) admission. This study examined route of diagnosis and outcomes for oesophagogastric cancer (<b>OGC</b>), both locally and nationally. <h3>Methods</h3> Local OGC cases were audited for 2-year periods before (‘<b>Pre’</b>: July 97–June 99) and after (‘<b>Post’</b>: Jan 01-Dec 02) service re-design, collecting details of demographics, tumour type, stage, dates of referral, diagnosis, treatment and survival. Within a project funded by the NHS Information Centre, we developed novel linkage algorithms to analyse Hospital Episode Statistics for England (2006–2008) and methods to track OGC care chronologically, selecting only incident cases with a valid pathway of coded diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. External linkage to death registry established date of death and 2-year survival. <h3>Results</h3> <b>LOCAL DATA</b>: n = 333 cases (<b>Pre</b>, n = 152; <b>Post</b>, n = 181). No change in % of patients diagnosed via <b>EMERG</b> route after service re-design (<b>Pre</b>: 30.9% vs <b>Post</b>: 31.5%; p = 0.981), nor any change in age, symptom or tumour profile of <b>EMERG</b> cases. Local <b>EMERG</b> cases were older than <b>ELEC</b> (75 vs 68 years; p &lt; 0.0001), less likely to have potentially curative treatment (13.5% vs 40%; p &lt; 0.0001) and had poorer 3-year survival (10.6% vs 22.2%, p = 0.013). <b>EMERG</b> cases with dysphagia and/or weight loss had lower 3 year survival than those with other presenting features (p = 0.035). <b>NATIONAL DATA</b> We identified 33,115 patients with OGC, of whom 26,097 (79%) met study criteria. Of these, 7082 (27%) were <b>EMERG</b> and 19,015 <b>ELEC</b> (73%). <b>EMERG</b> cases were older (74 years vs 70 years; p &lt; 0.001), less likely to undergo surgery (516 [2%] vs 3780 [14.5%], p &lt; 0.001) and had poorer 2-year survival (19.6% vs 32.9%, p &lt; 0.001). The % of <b>EMERG</b> cases varied widely between cancer networks (22% to 40%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Findings are consistent with a recent report by the National Cancer Intelligence Network (Nov 2010) suggesting that a quarter of major cancers are diagnosed via the <b>EMERG</b> route. Our national linkage study suggests 27% of new OGC cases in England are diagnosed as <b>EMERG</b> and this mode of presentation predicts a poor outcome, confirmed by detailed local audit. Although <b>EMERG</b> admission is unavoidable for some cases, the observed variation across the country suggests possible unresolved inequalities in patient access. Monitoring of this candidate indicator could assess the impact of new initiatives to promote earlier elective diagnosis.
Minors' Access to Tobacco—Missouri and Texas
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Approximately 75% of adults who have regularly smoked cigarettes tried their first cigarette before their 18th birthday, and about half became regular smokers by age 18 years. Despite the importance of reducing smoking among adolescents, the prevalence of smoking among high school seniors has not decreased substantially from 1981 through 1991. National health objectives for the year 2000 have targeted substantial reductions in smoking among persons aged < 20 years, and reducing access to cigarettes through laws or statutes is an important strategy in reaching this goal. This report describes the results of efforts in two states--Missouri and Texas--to characterize access of minors to cigarettes and other tobacco products.
NERVOUS DISEASE IN EARLY SYPHILIS.
Authors: G. FRANK LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>ANALYSIS OF CASES.</h3> The cases of early nerve syphilis which have been related can hardly be classified arbitrarily, but may with fairness be divided into: 1, cases in which toxin poisoning was the chief factor; 2, cases in which organic cell deposit existed and was the main element; 3, mixed cases in which both factors were probably well marked. That these conditions are often absolutely independent of each other during the active period is hardly credible. I wish in this connection to again direct attention to the fact that the probability of the presence of organic cell deposit is in direct proportion to the duration of the case. Some of the very early nerve phenomena are distinctly toxemic; a little later we have a mixture of both, although either may greatly predominate; later still, the toxic factor is of secondary importance. Nerve phenomena associated with a simple typical roseola may
Role of Prostaglandin-H Synthase in Mediating Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Effects of Estrogens
Authors: Gisela H. Degen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been found to be oxidized in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells by prostaglandin-H synthase (PGH synthase). It is hypothesized that PGH synthase mediates adverse effects of DES and other carcinogenic estrogens such as induction of neoplastic transformation and genotoxicity. Interest in PGH synthase-catalyzed reactions focuses on two aspects: oxidation and metabolic activation of stilbene and steroid estrogens by PGH synthase, and modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis via effects of these compounds on PGH synthase. Studies of the former aspect of PGH synthase-catalyzed in vitro metabolism have revealed that cooxidation of DES, DES analogues, and steroid estrogens gives rise to reactive intermediates; DES and DES analogues known to transform SHE cells are metabolized by PGH synthase in vitro; PGH synthase catalyzes both the formation and oxidation of catechol metabolites from steroid estrogens, and reactive intermediates from DES and from steroid estrogens are stable enough to bind both to the catalytic enzyme PGH synthase and to other proteins. The data support the contention that PGH synthase-catalyzed metabolic activation plays a role in the induction of neoplastic transformation by stilbene and steroid estrogens but is not conclusive evidence for a cause-effect relationship. More recently, two closely related DES indanyl analogues have been found to differ in their interaction with PGH synthase: indenestrol A is cooxidized and activated like DES, whereas indenestrol B inhibits the enzyme. They provide useful tools to test the above hypothesis from a new perspective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mandatory Anesthesia
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Laboratory request forms (menus) that guide and teach
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

On page 3076 in this issue, Wong and colleagues present stunning data to show that by merely changing the hospital laboratory test request form, it was possible to diminish orders for triiodothyronine (radioimmunoassay) and thyroid-stimulating hormone tests by approximately two thirds and one third, respectively. This change followed unsuccessful educational efforts by the authors to guide physicians to use these tests appropriately. Over the same time frame, a control group with creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme tests showed no significant difference in ordering frequencies. The laboratory request slip is analogous to a restaurant menu. Patrons at a restaurant almost always order from the menu. Only the rare customer will order something that is not on the menu. Likewise, physicians order laboratory tests that are on the menu and only rarely order tests that are not so listed. Furthermore, they order tests with the names and in the groupings that
Offering Advance Directives
Authors: Lawrence J. Schneiderman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Offering Advance DirectivesLawrence J. Schneiderman, MD, Richard Kronick, MD, and Robert M. Kaplan, MDLawrence J. Schneiderman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Richard Kronick, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Robert M. Kaplan, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:To Drs. Hardin and Loo, we point out that our study did not measure the effect of the advance directive but only the effect of offering the advance directive. We are now studying the possible effect this document has on doctor-patient discussions. Contacts between investigators and patients in the control arm and intervention arm were identical, consisting of periodic interviews to elicit the data described. There was scrupulous attention to avoid influencing patient attitudes and treatment decisions. All patients who asked medical questions were advised to contact their physicians. We are unable to assess the differences in the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 573-574KeywordsOutpatient clinicsPatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hope for New, Cheaper, Plasma-Derived Vaccine: End Hepatitis B Transmission in Developing Nations
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-risk 'heart' families: a genealogical look
Authors: T. Hager
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Preliminary results from a three-pronged study now under way at the University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, indicate that probably half of all early heart attacks (before age 55 in men and age 60 in women) occur on the basis of a strong genetic predisposition clustered in only 5% of the families studied. But a look at the pedigrees of these high-risk families shows also that environment must have a strong modifying influence. In one of the largest population-based heart disease studies ever undertaken, Roger R. Williams, MD, of the Cardiology Division of the Department of Internal Medicine, and co-workers are gauging the extent to which heart disease aggregates in families. Also, they are attempting to pin down some of the specific biochemical and physiological factors that lead to this high risk. Stage 3 involves using this information to develop a more effective prevention strategy. <h3>Role of Genetics</h3>
Abstract P5-17-02: Molecular response in breast cancer tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab: Results from NeoAva - a randomized phase II study.
Authors: Olav Engebraaten, Laxmi Silwal-Pandit, Thomas Fleischer, Elin Borgen, Øystein Garred, Anne Fangberget, Marit M Holmen, Ellen Schlichting, Helle Skjerven, Steinar Lundgren, Ingrid S Gribbestad, Marit Krohn, Hege Edvardsen, Vessela N Kristensen, Gordon Mills, Erik Wist, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Withdrawn by Author Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-02.