tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catecholamines
Authors: Richard J. Wurtman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

CATECHOLAMINES are low-molecular-weight substances that contain a catechol nucleus and an amine group (Fig. 1 ). Two such compounds, norepinephrine and epinephrine, are synthesized and secreted by mammalian tissues and serve important functions in neural and endocrine integration, the first primarily as a neurohumor and the second as a hormone. A third catecholamine, dopamine, is highly localized in certain organs, and may have physiologic functions in addition to its role as the immediate precursor of norepinephrine. Catecholamines are synthesized in the brain and in the sympathetic nerve endings and chromaffin cells of peripheral tissues. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted into the . . .
Primary thrombophilia in Mexico. II. Factor V G1691A (Leiden), prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism in thrombophilic Mexican mestizos
Authors: Guillermo J. Ruiz‐Argüelles, Javier Garcés‐Eisele, Virginia Reyes‐Núñez, Francisco J. Ramírez‐Cisneros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

We have shown that in Mexican mestizo patients with clinical features of primary thrombophilia, 39% have activated protein C resistance phenotype, 5% protein C deficiency, and 2% protein S deficiency. In the present study, in a group of 37 thrombophilic Mexicans and 50 normal controls, we assessed the factor V G1691A (Leiden), the prothrombin G20210A, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphisms. Four patients were found to be heterozygous for factor V Leiden, 5 heterozygous for the prothrombin 20210, 16 heterozygous, and 6 homozygous for the MTHFR 677. There were four individuals with co-segregation of alleles: two heterozygotes for the factor V Leiden/prothrombin 20210, one heterozygote for prothrombin 20210/MTHFR 677, and one heterozygote for prothrombin 20210/homozygote for MTHFR 677. For factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210, and MTHFR 677 mutations, the allele frequencies were respectively 1% (±0.2%, α = 0.05), <1% and 51% (±5%, α = 0.05), with calculated relative risks for thrombosis of 5.94 (P = 0.08), >7.66 (P < 0.05), and 0.44 (P NS), respectively. In Mexican mestizo thrombophilic patients, the low prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation (10.8%) and the high prevalence of the prothrombin 20210 mutation (13.5%) contrast with those identified in Caucasian thrombophilic patients (21% and 6%, respectively; P < 0.01). On the other hand, the high prevalence of the MTHFR 677 mutation gene both in normal controls (78%) and thrombophilic patients (61%) does not support a role of this mutation in the thrombogenesis of Mexican mestizo patients. Am. J. Hematol. 66:28–31, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Authors' response
Authors: John K Field, David Baldwin, Kate Brain, Anand Devaraj, Tim Eisen, Stephen W Duffy, David M Hansell, Keith Kerr, Richard Page, Mahash Parmar, David Weller, David Whynes, Paula Williamson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The UKLS Position Statement focused on the recent NLST trial publication in the New England Journal of Medicine 3 and was not an overview of all of the primary and secondary outcomes of the pilot UKLS trial.Further details of these outcomes have been given in our first paper on the UKLS trial, which focused on the basic design of the trial including radiology protocol and nodule management. 4All four points raised by Dutt et al are aspects we will study within the screening trial.The UKLS is specifically designed to select high risk individuals as these are the very group who will benefit the most from such a CT screening trial.Apart from demonstrating a mortality advantage with CT screening, cost effectiveness will be a major issue in determining whether lung cancer screening is considered a feasible option for early lung cancer detection in the UK.Once CT screening has been demonstrated to be an effective early detection measure within the NHS for high risk individuals, then will be the time to consider modelling for high risk within ethnic communities.
About CD45−/CD31+/CD105+ Circulating Cells in Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies—Letter
Authors: Francesco Bertolini, Patrizia Mancuso, John V. Heymach
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

We read with interest the article by Yu and colleagues (1) about CD45−/CD31+/CD105+ circulating cells in the blood of patients with gynecologic malignancies. Several technical and biologic details, in our opinion, deserve further comment.First, the Ficoll procedure used in the study is likely to significantly reduce the number of DNA+CD45−CD31+CD146+ circulating endothelial cells (CEC), which are in most cases apoptotic and removed by this type of cell processing. Second, we believe that, using flow cytometry, analyzing 100,000 cells is not adequate to detect and enumerate rare events such as DNA+CD45−CD31+CD146+ CECs that are usually <30 per mL of blood (2, 3).In their study, Yu and colleagues (1) have found that anucleated CD45−CD31+ events are large platelets. This underlines the need for stringent detection of DNA staining during CEC enumeration by flow cytometry as we have previously reported (2, 3), a step that was missed in the flow cytometry procedure described by Yu and colleagues (1). Moreover, detection of apoptotic/necrotic cells using a viability dye is highly recommended to exclude from analysis unspecific binding of monoclonal antibodies, such as isotype controls (2, 3).Finally, we would like to comment on the statement that CD45−CD31+CD105+ cells found to be increased in the blood of patients with ovarian cancer are monocytes and not endothelial cells. As reported in the article, these cells express some monocyte markers such as CD14 and CD68, but lack the pan-hematopoietic marker CD45 (to our knowledge, also a hallmark of monocytes) and express the endothelial-restricted (2, 3) antigen CD144.In one of our previous studies (4), we found VEGFR2 expressed on 50% of CD45−CD146+ CECs; in another (2), we found Weibel–Palade bodies and high levels of CD144 gene expression in sorted CD45−CD146+ CECs. All these data support the endothelial origin of these cells.We believe that electron microscopy and RNA transcriptome data should be added to the phenotypic investigation of Yu and colleagues (1) to elucidate whether these cells are (i) monocytes lacking CD45 expression and transdifferentiating toward an endothelial (CD144+) phenotype and (possibly) function; or (ii) endothelial CD45−CD31+CD144+ cells aberrantly expressing myeloid markers; or (iii) cells derived from the fusion of hematopoietic and endothelial cells as we have described in other cancer types (5); or (iv) a novel, still unrecognized type of cell.See the Response, p. 1394J.V. Heymach is a consultant/advisory board member of AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Excelixis, and Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed by the other authors.
SERUM NEURITIS
Authors: I FISCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Case Reports1 October 1951SERUM NEURITISISIDORE FISCHER, M.D.ISIDORE FISCHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-35-4-922 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerum sickness has been estimated to follow the injection of various sera in about 15 per cent of all cases in which they are used.1There is no known method of preventing it, nor is there any way of identifying the persons likely to develop it. The whole subject, in fact, remains in need of clarification. It was originally attributed to the presence of antibodies in the serum, but that assumption, as Doyle2notes, was promptly disposed of when Johannessen demonstrated that the reaction also occurred following the injection of horse serum alone. Although the exact cause is still to...Bibliography1. Mishkin JA: Unusual reactions to tetanus antitoxin, New York State J. Med. 49: 292-293, 1949. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Doyle JB: Neurologic complications of serum sickness, Am. J. M. Sc. 185: 484-492, 1933. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Bennett AE: Horse serum neuritis. With a report of five cases, J. A. M. A. 112: 590-596, 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. VincentRichet CC (fils): Forme atypique de la malade du sérum; accidents tardifs et graves, Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris 32: 670-681, 1911. Google Scholar5. Richardson WW: Tetanus, with secondary multiple neuritis. Report of a case with recovery, J. A. M. A. 68: 1611-1612, 1917. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Dyke SC: Peripheral nerve lesions after antitetanic serum, Lancet 1: 570, 1918. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. Kennedy F: Certain nervous complications following the use of therapeutic and prophylactic sera, Am. J. M. Sc. 177: 555-559, 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. ThompsonTombleson ARJB: Some neurological complications of serum therapy, Brit. M. J. 1: 1015-1016, 1940. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication May 6, 1950.From the Bronx Hospital, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAn Analysis of Tetanus Prophylaxis in 3,455 CasesBrachial plexus paralysis following administration of tetanus antitoxinSera und VakzinenSERUM-SICKNESS AND LOCAL REACTIONS IN TETANUS PROPHYLAXISPeripheral neuritis from tetanus antitoxin 1 October 1951Volume 35, Issue 4Page: 922-926KeywordsAntibodies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
QUARANTINE IN CANADA.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: P B Boulos, R G Faber, P F Whitfield, J V Parkin, M Hobsley
Journal: Gut (1983)

<h3></h3> Data from 44 pooled clinical practice studies were compared for epilepsy patients with focal-onset and/or generalised-onset seizures treated with perampanel (PER) as early (n=632) versus late add-on therapy (n=1900). Retention was assessed after 3, 6 and 12 months of PER treatment. Effectiveness assess- ments comprised responder rate (≥50% seizure frequency reduction), seizure freedom rate and rate of unchanged or worsening seizure frequency. Adverse events (AEs) and discontinuation due to AEs were evaluated. Retention was significantly higher with early versus late add-on therapy at all timepoints. At last visit, seizure freedom rate was significantly higher with early versus late add-on therapy (40.1% vs. 8.7%; p&lt;0.001), as was responder rate (73.0% vs. 36.4%; p&lt;0.001); and the proportion of patients with unchanged seizure frequency was significantly lower in the early versus late add-on group (10.2% vs. 31.8%; p&lt;0.001), as was worsening seizure frequency (6.1% vs. 13.6%; p&lt;0.001). Patients treated with early versus late add-on therapy had a significantly lower incidence of AEs (41.8% vs. 54.5%; p&lt;0.001), psychi- atric AEs (18.3% vs. 22.2%; p=0.046), and discontinuation rates due to AEs at 12 months (15.0% vs.18.7%; p=0.045). In conclusion, PER was significantly more effective and better-tolerated as early add-on therapy in everyday clinical practice. Supported by Eisai.
Racial inequalities in the use of procedures for patients with ischemic heart disease in Massachusetts
Authors: M. B. Wenneker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To examine interracial differences in the utilization of coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass grafting, and coronary angioplasty for white and black patients, we examined all admissions for circulatory diseases or chest pain to Massachusetts hospitals in 1985. After controlling for age, sex, payer, income, primary diagnoses, and the number of secondary diagnoses, whites underwent significantly more angiography and coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Whites also underwent more angioplasty procedures, but the difference was not statistically significant. Although utilization differences may reflect patient preference or different levels of disease severity and socioeconomic status not adequately accounted for, this study suggests that substantial racial inequalities exist in the use of procedures for patients hospitalized with coronary heart disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:253-257)
Medical Genetics
Authors: C. Thomas Caskey
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preventing Transmission of Zika Virus in Labor and Delivery Settings Through Implementation of Standard Precautions — United States, 2016
Authors: Christine K. Olson, Martha Iwamoto, Kiran M. Perkins, Kara N.D. Polen, Jeffrey Hageman, Dana Meaney-Delman, Irogue I. Igbinosa, Sumaiya Khan, Margaret A. Honein, Michael Bell, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Denise J. Jamieson
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses—United States, 2004
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Data collected through a National Electronic Injury Surveillance System occupational supplement (NEISS-Work) provide information on persons treated for nonfatal work-related injuries and illnesses in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs). CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health uses these data to monitor injury trends and aid prevention activities. This report summarizes 2004 NEISS-Work injury and illness surveillance data. In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million nonfatal ED-treated injuries and illnesses occurred among workers of all ages, with a rate of 2.5 cases per 100 full-time equivalent (FTE) workers aged > or =15 years. Workers aged <25 years had the highest injury/illness rates. More than three fourths of all nonfatal workplace injuries/illnesses were attributed to contact with objects or equipment (e.g., being struck by a falling tool or caught in machinery), bodily reaction or exertion (e.g., a sprain or strain), and falls. No substantial reduction was observed in the overall number and rate of ED-treated occupational injuries/illnesses during 1996-2004. To reduce occupational injuries/illnesses, interventions should continue to target workers at highest risk and reduce exposure to those workplace hazards with the greatest potential for causing severe injury or death. More emphasis should be placed on prevention-effectiveness studies and dissemination of successful interventions to reduce work-related injuries and illnesses.
Relationship between alternate-day corticosteroid therapy and behavioral abnormalities
Authors: S. S. Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Three patients with inflammatory or immunologically mediated disease manifested striking behavioral abnormalities in association with long-term alternate-day prednisone regimens. Of particular note was the fact that differences in the abnormalities depended on the day that the patients received their drug: the symptoms that appeared on a treatment day were opposite those present on a day of no therapy. These symptoms were reminiscent of rapid mood cycling in some patients with manic-depressive affective disorder. The phenomenon was dose related and markedly diminished in two patients as the dosage of corticosteroid was decreased, despite the fact that the alternate-day regimen was continued. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2987-2989)
Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council
Authors: M Trevisan, V Krogh, J Freudenheim, A Blake, P Muti, S Panico, E Farinaro, M Mancini, A Menotti, G Ricci
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The cross-sectional association between consumption of various fats (eg, butter, olive oil, and vegetable oil) and risk factors for coronary heart disease was analyzed in a sample of 4903 Italian men and women 20 to 59 years of age. The intake of fats was ascertained by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Increased consumption of butter was associated with significantly higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol and glucose levels for men; in women only the association with glucose reached statistical significance. In both sexes consumption of olive oil and vegetable oil was inversely associated with serum cholesterol and glucose levels and systolic blood pressure. These findings were adjusted for confounding effects of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These cross-sectional findings from a large population sample suggest that consumption of butter may detrimentally affect coronary risk factors, while polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats may be associated with a lower coronary risk profile.
Transport and Fate of Gaseous Pollutants Associated with the National Energy Program
Authors: A. P. Altshuller, Warren B. Johnson, John S. Nader, Brand L. Niemann, D. Bruce Turner, William E. Wilson, Gregory D'Alessio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The experimental evidence related to the long-range transport and transformations of sulfates has been critically reviewed. It has been concluded that sulfate emissions from various sources can be superimposed on each other during long-range transport to create episodes far from the contributing sources. Sulfates are important contributors to degrading visibility through the United States including relatively pristine areas in the western United States. Acid sulfate components, along with nitric acid, may increase the problem of acidity in precipitation on soils, vegetation, and lakes in certain areas of the eastern United States. Improvements in monitoring of these pollutants are required to follow changes in air quality caused by long-range transport.
Dominant-negative diabetes insipidus and other endocrinopathies
Authors: J. A. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) in humans is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a variety of mutations in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) precursor. A new report demonstrates how heterozygosity for an AVP mutation causes FNDI (see the related article beginning on page 1697). Using an AVP knock-in mutation in mice, the study shows that FNDI is caused by retention of AVP precursors and progressive loss of AVP-producing neurons.
MEDICAL EDUCATION AND THE STATE.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dysfunctional Prefrontal Regional Specialization and Compensation in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hao-Yang Tan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: It has been suggested that in healthy persons higher-order cognitive processing engaged by incremental working memory load hierarchically employs more dorsal than ventral prefrontal resources in healthy individuals. Given that working memory performance is impaired in schizophrenia, especially at higher executive loads, the authors investigated how this prefrontal functional organization might be altered in disease, independent of performance deficits. Method: Using N-back working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, the authors studied 15 patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy comparison subjects. Subgroups based on median performance accuracy at 2-back were analyzed; high performers included eight schizophrenia patients and 14 comparison subjects, and low performers included seven patients and 12 comparison subjects. Results: High-performing but not low-performing comparison subjects responded to incremental working memory executive load with disproportionately greater dorsal but not ventral prefrontal cortex activation, which also predicted performance accuracy. In the high- and low-performing patient groups, incremental working memory load caused a disproportionate increase in ventral but not dorsal prefrontal cortex activation relative to the respective comparison group, which also correlated with accuracy. Functional connectivity between the ventral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex was relatively greater in patients, whereas comparison subjects had greater functional connectivity between the dorsal prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. Conclusions: The hierarchical organization of the prefrontal cortex may be compromised in schizophrenia, resulting in loss of functional specialization and integration at the dorsal prefrontal cortex and in compensatory activation from the ventral prefrontal cortex, which may ultimately affect working memory and executive cognition.