tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME OF THE MORE REMEDIABLE CASES OF DEAFNESS
Authors: C. Holthouse
Journal: BMJ (1855)

Txx following cases will serve to illustrate some further pathological changes to which the ear is liable, while at the mne time they bear evidence of the amount of improve- ment of which the function of the organ is susceptible, under careful and persevering treatment.CAsB v. Acute Infammation of tJie Tympanum and Heatue of the Left Ear, followed by Discharge; Catarrhal Inflammation of the Tympanum of the Right Ear; a high degree of Deafna8, and constant Tinnitus; Treatment by Expectorants and Diaphoretics; Hearing of the ltiqht Ear completely restored, that of the left much improved.William Lyes, aged 28, came under my care at the dispensary, Jan. 21st, 1850, for deafness, and constant tinnitus of a sawing character, which was most troublesome at night.le stated that he had always heard well, and was not subject to deaf- ness or earache, but recollected having had an attack of the latter about nine years ago.The present affection came on three weeks previously with violent earache on the left side, which was relieved on a discharge breaking out about a week afterwards; it returned, however, in a less violent degree for a short time, and then left him, nor had it since returned, though the tinnitus continued violent.He had a
Randomized phase 2 study of the safety, efficacy, and immune response of GVAX pancreas (with cyclophosphamide) and CRS-207 with or without nivolumab in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (STELLAR).
Authors: Dung T. Le, Todd S. Crocenzi, Jennifer N. Uram, Eric R. Lutz, Daniel A. Laheru, Elizabeth A. Sugar, Robert H. Vonderheide, George A. Fisher, Andrew H. Ko, Aimee Murphy, Katherine McDougall, Sandy Ferber, Dirk G. Brockstedt, Elizabeth M. Jaffee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TPS4153 Background: A heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy using GVAX pancreas and CRS-207 is showing promise in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) (Le, JCO 2015). Furthermore, blockade of the immune checkpoint programmed death-1 (PD-1) is active in some cancers. Combinatorial strategies aimed at priming tumor antigen-specific T cells while simultaneously blocking negative checkpoints may be necessary to improve outcomes in PDA. GVAX is composed of allogeneic pancreatic cancer cells modified to express GM-CSF and induces a broad response against multiple tumor antigens. GVAX is given with low-dose cyclophosphamide (CY) to inhibit regulatory T cells. CRS-207 is live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes engineered to express the tumor-associated antigen mesothelin. CRS-207 boosts responses against mesothelin and is unique in its capacity to stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity by activating T cells and NK cells. Nivolumab is an antibody against PD-1. Methods: This is a phase 2 study comparing CY/GVAX and CRS-207 with or without nivolumab in subjects with PDA who failed only one chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. Subjects are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 2 doses of CY/nivolumab/GVAX and 4 doses of nivolumab/CRS-207 (Arm A) or 2 doses of CY/GVAX and 4 doses of CRS-207 (Arm B). The primary objective is to compare OS between Arms A and B. Secondary/exploratory objectives include: assessment of safety and clinical responses (tumor assessments and CA19-9 levels) and correlation of Lm- and mesothelin-specific T cell and other immunological responses with OS, progression-free survival and best overall response. Clinical trial information: NCT02243371.
The success of outreach hepatitis C screening among a Belgian population of drug users in a rural and urban setting
Authors: Dana Busschots, Rob Bielen, Özgür Koc, Eefje Dercon, Tessa Windelinckx, Griet Maertens, Stefan Bourgeois, Rita Verrando, Catharina Matheï, Geert Robaeys
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
US mass incarceration damages health and shortens lives
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2019)

The USA has a problem with incarceration. Since 1970, the number of people incarcerated has climbed from less than 500 000 to 2·3 million. Despite only 5% of the world's population living in the country, the USA imprisons nearly 25% of all incarcerated people globally; the highest rate of imprisonment in the world. The sheer scale of imprisonment in the USA and its unequal burden on people from minority and poor backgrounds raises concerns about its impact on the health and wellbeing of the national population.
Tungiasis in travelers from tropical Africa
Authors: L. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TUNGIASIS is an inflammatory condition of the skin produced by the invasion of the pregnant female sand flea<i>Tunga penetrans</i>.<sup>1</sup>With the increased tourist trade to Africa, attention of travelers should be called to the existence of this parasite and the need for early therapy to prevent sepsis. We report five patients with tungiasis. <h3>Report of Cases</h3> An opportunity was presented recently to study a tour party of 19 women traveling to Africa to review native arts and crafts. The tour director mentioned the possibility of tungiasis in her general discussion of the health aspects of the trip. No one of the party gave a history of walking barefoot or even walking outside in the sand or dirt. The tour director informed the people that sheets hung outside and touching the ground were able to permit the brown sand fleas to spread into the bedrooms. Five of the 19
Placebos
Authors: THOMAS A. PRESTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1982PlacebosTHOMAS A. PRESTON, M.D.THOMAS A. PRESTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-5-781 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Brody (1) on placebos is timely and informative, and should be read by all clinicians. I wish to add four points.The placebo effect usually is not recognized (2). Most treatments work because of a placebo effect, and not because of biological efficacy. All treatments, including surgery and potent drugs, have placebo effects. Most physicians do not recognize this, but attribute patient responses to direct biological effects of treatments in which the physicians believe. When physicians first dispensed drugs for the relief of angina pectoris, they did not recognize the placebo nature of their...References1. BRODY H. The lie that heals: the ethics of giving placebos. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:112-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PRESTON T. The Clay Pedestal. Seattle, Washington: Madrona Publishers; 1981: 152-69. Google Scholar3. BENSON H and MCCALLIE D. Angina pectoris and the placebo effect. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1424-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BRODY H. The lie that heals: the ethics of giving placebos. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:112-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LESLIE A. Ethics and practice of placebo therapy. Am J Med. 1954;16:854-62. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: THOMAS A. PRESTON, M.D.Affiliations: Seattle Public Health Hospital Seattle, WA 98114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPlacebo effect: its role in adherence, treatment effectiveness and patient outcomesThe placebo effect real or imaginary?Delayed hypersensitivity to oral cimetidine 1 November 1982Volume 97, Issue 5Page: 781-781KeywordsAnginaDrugsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
POSTURE AND KIDNEY FUNCTION
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2631: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation and Recovery Of Myocardial Function After Low Flow Reperfusion In The Whole Heart
Authors: Sverre E Aune, Thomas L Clanton, Mark G Angelos
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We hypothesize that some levels of CPR generated low-flow may in fact worsen myocardial recovery compared with no-flow of similar duration. To test this hypothesis we determined the effect of low-flow reperfusion simulating CPR, on myocardial ROS production, cellular redox changes and recovery of contractile function in the whole heart. Methods: Isolated perfused male Sprague Dawley rat hearts were subjected to either 20 minutes of global ischemia followed by full reperfusion with 85 mm Hg perfusion (Control) or 3 minutes of global ischemia followed by 17 minutes of low-flow with perfusion pressure of 20 mm Hg before full reperfusion at 20 minutes (CPR model). Full reperfusion was for 30 minutes in all hearts. A fiberoptic spectrometer measured fluorescence on the left ventricular wall. Hearts were preloaded with 2 probes, dihydrofluorescein (an intracellular probe) and amplex red (an extracellular probe), both of which are oxidized and fluoresce in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). NADH autofluorescence, a measure of cellular redox state, and LV contractile function were continuously measured. Changes in fluorescence and function were normalized to baseline and compared between groups using ANOVA. Results: At the end of the 30 minute reperfusion period, rate pressure product (RPP in mmHg/min) was significantly reduced in CPR modeled hearts (RPP = 6,733 ± 3,720) (p&lt;0.01) as compared to Control (RPP = 17,000 ± 1,873). CPR type low-flow resulted in a significant decrease in [NADH] compared with control (p&lt;0.05). In CPR modeled hearts, a reduction in the intracellular ROS burst (fluorescein signal), but an increase in the extracellular ROS burst (amplex red signal) was seen at the onset of full reperfusion (20 minutes) compared with Control (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: It is well understood that under CPR conditions, the level of low-flow can be quite variable. However, at some level of low-flow, recovery of myocardial function may be worse than recovery following a similar duration of no-flow. This depressed myocardial function may be ROS mediated, as this level of low-flow alters the compartmentalizded ROS burst seen at full reperfusion.
Malabsorption Induced by Small Doses of Neomycin Sulphate
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognosis of patients with "chest pain ?cause".
Journal: BMJ (1981)

All 662 patients admitted to the two coronary care units in Nottingham during 12 consecutive months were followed up prospectively for one year.At the time of discharge from hospital they were categorised according to set criteria into the following diagnostic groups: definite, probable, or possible myocardial infarction; ischaemic heart disease without infarction; chest pain ?cause; and other diagnoses.Eighty-nine patients (13% of admissions) were categorised as having chest pain ?cause.No deaths occurred among these patients during the observation period, although two were readmitted with myocardial infarction.Patients with chest pain ?cause had few problems during the year after admission, and at the end of that time 75% were in their original employment.Patients admitted with ischaemic heart disease had a similar death rate (between six weeks and one year after admission) to those with myocardial infarction, and only 36% were in their original employ- ment one year after admission.Chest pain ?cause is a clinically useful diagnostic category to which patients may be allocated after only simple investigations.
Blood-brain barrier permeability is markedly decreased in cholestasis in the rat
Authors: J Wahler
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The blood-brain-barrier plays an essential role in regulating the entrance of substances into the brain. To date, permeability of the blood-brain barrier has not been studied in models of cholestatic liver injury, although levels of substances known to enhance vascular permeability (bile acids, substance P, histamine) are elevated in cholestasis. Two rat models of cholestasis were studied: bile duct resection (5 days after surgery) and α-naphthylhisothiocyanate treatment (45 mg/kg/day for 7 days). The mean value for whole brain blood-to-brain transfer constant in bile duct resection rats was about 50% less than corresponding values in sham-operated and unoperated control rats (p ± 0.05, respectively). Reductions in blood-to-brain transfer constant of similar magnitude were found in the caudate nuclei, cortexes and hippocampi of bile duct-resected rats. Blood-to-brain transfer constant values in α-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated rats were also about 50% less in whole brain and specific brain regions than corresponding control values. A precedent for a decrease in blood-to-brain transfer constant is the dexamethasone-treated rat, in which the phenomenon has been attributed to a decrease in cerebral capillary endothelial cell membrane fluidity. We confirmed that blood-to-brain transfer constant values are reduced by about 50% in dexamethasone-treated rats. A decrease in membrane fluidity affords a rational explanation for a decrease in blood-to-brain transfer constant in cholestasis as a consequence of the dynamic equilibrium between elevated plasma levels of cholesterol in cholestasis and cell membranes exposed to the circulation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:1103–1108.)
Undifferentiated cell transplant techniques appear effective in treating leg ulcers, vitiligo
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WHEN IT comes to growing skin cells, Miriam M. Brysk, PhD, appears to have a green thumb. Brysk, who is director of the Dermatology Research Laboratory at The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, and coworkers have developed techniques for growing and transplanting undifferentiated skin cells that may help heal the wounds of burn victims and patients with persistent skin ulcers. The skin cell culturing and transplant techniques Brysk and colleagues developed may also provide a way to treat patients with disfiguring vitiligo, as well as providing cancer researchers with the first system for culturing human basal cell carcinoma. A variety of culture methods have been developed for growing skin cells for autografts and allografts for treating stasis ulcers and burn wounds. However, their use has been limited by a number of problems including severe shrinkage of the grafts and fragility of the epidermal sheets that makes transfer from culture
10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Medical decision making in situations that offer multiple alternatives
Authors: D. A. Redelmeier
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether situations involving multiple options can paradoxically influence people to choose an option that would have been declined if fewer options were available. <h3>Design.</h3> —Mailed survey containing medical scenarios formulated in one of two versions. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Two groups of physicians: members of the Ontario College of Family Physicians (response rate=77%; n=287) and neurologists and neurosurgeons affiliated with the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (response rate=84%; n=352). One group of legislators belonging to the Ontario Provincial Parliament (response rate=32%; n=41). <h3>Intervention.</h3> —The basic version of each scenario presented a choice between two options. The expanded version presented three options: the original two plus a third. The two versions otherwise contained identical information and were randomly assigned. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Participants' treatment recommendations. <h3>Results.</h3> —In one scenario involving a patient with osteoarthritis, family physicians were less likely to prescribe a medication when deciding between two medications than when deciding about only one medication (53% vs 72%;<i>P</i>&lt;.005). Apparently, the difficulty in deciding between the two medications led some physicians to recommend not starting either. Similar discrepancies were found in decisions made by neurologists and neurosurgeons concerning carotid artery surgery and by legislators concerning hospital closures. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The introduction of additional options can increase decision difficulty and, hence, the tendency to choose a distinctive option or maintain the status quo. Awareness of this cognitive bias may lead to improved decision making in complex medical situations. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:302-305)
Management of perinatal loss of a twin.
Authors: E. Lewis, E. M. Bryan
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The death of a twin during pregnancy or around birth gives rise to a bewildering confusion of thoughts and feelings that can impede mourning and disturb the bereaved mother9s care of a surviving twin. Every effort should be made to give the parents and siblings an experience of the dead baby. Photographs especially can reduce confusion and assist reality testing and thus facilitate the grieving process and improve the care of the surviving twin.
The Academic Medical Center and the Health of the Public-Reply
Authors: Jonathan Showstack
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Drs Gellert and Wittig for their comments and agree with much of what they say. Their letters highlight two areas that academic health centers have not addressed adequately: the discontinuity between the programs in academic health centers and the needs of local populations and the disincentives toward primary care training and practice. Incentives toward high cost, tertiary, hospital-based treatment, and training at the expense of care of persons in the community are a general problem; Health of the Public focuses on academic health centers because of their pivotal role in influencing the attitudes and careers of future health professionals, and because their prestige and authority could serve as a potent ally in the struggle for community health. Dr Gellert asks for specifics and "operationally implementable recommendations." The objectives proposed in our article are general tenets that address the current imbalance in the education, patient care, and
Error in Quote
Authors: Nicholas Downing, Joseph Ross
Journal: JAMA (2014)

individuals elected to purchase the test prior to its withdrawal 1 ) speaks to the desire of patients to empower themselves to understand their potential health risks.Furthermore, in the United States, the PGS is regulated as a diagnostic test, and thereby as a medical device, meaning that proof of clinical utility is generally not required for approval.In fact, the clinical utility of some diagnostic tests that are used widely today still remains uncertain.For instance, 2 recent reviews 2,3 attempted to determine the clinical utility of mammography for breast cancer screening, weighing the potential benefits and risks for women.Physicians, payers, and comparative effectiveness organizations can play an important role in limiting the use of diagnostic tests with low clinical utility, which will in turn limit overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and unnecessary medical costs. 4 Physicians routinely contextualize uncertainty about the benefits and risks of various medical interventions in an effort to promote informed decision making.Reintroducing the PGS, and allowing its use only in conjunction with a physician after its analytical validity has been established, would fit with today's regulatory standards.In addition, this would not only empower patients to explore their potential health risks, but also provide an important opportunity for physicians to contextualize the significant uncertainty about the product's clinical utility.
A Text-Book of Histology.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal