tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5166: Extracellular matrix protein tenascin C increases phagocytosis mediated by CD47 loss-of-function in glioblastoma
Authors: Ding Ma, Senquan Liu, Bachchu Lal, John Laterra, Mary Ann Wilson, Shuli Xia
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly infiltrated by myeloid-derived innate immune cells that contribute to an immunosuppressive nature of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). CD47 has been shown to mediate immune evasion as the CD47-SIRPα axis prevents phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages and other myeloid cells. In this study, we established CD47 homozygous deletion (CD47-/-) in human and mouse GBM cells by genome editing to investigate the impact of eliminating the “don’t eat me” signal on tumor growth and tumor-TME interactions. CD47 knockout (KO) did not significantly alter tumor cell proliferation in vitro, but significantly increased phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages in co-cultures. Compared with CD47 wild type xenografts, orthotopic xenografts derived from CD47-/- tumor cells grew much slower with enhanced tumor cell phagocytosis and increased recruitment of M2-like tumor associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs). CD47 KO increased tumor-associated extracellular matrix protein tenascin C (TNC) in xenografts, which was further examined in vitro. CD47 loss-of-function upregulated TNC expression in tumor cells via a Notch pathway mediated mechanism. ShRNA-based TNC knockdown in tumor cells enhanced the growth of CD47-/-xenografts in vivo, and decrease the number of TAMs. TNC knockdown inhibited phagocytosis of CD47-/- tumor cells in co-cultures. Furthermore, TNC stimulated release of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α via a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and STAT3-dependent mechanism in human macrophage cells. These results reveal a vital immunomodulation role of TNC in brain tumor biology and demonstrate the prominence of the TME extracellular matrix in affecting the anti-tumor function of brain innate immune cells. Citation Format: Ding Ma, Senquan Liu, Bachchu Lal, John Laterra, Mary Ann Wilson, Shuli Xia. Extracellular matrix protein tenascin C increases phagocytosis mediated by CD47 loss-of-function in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5166.
General Surgery
Authors: Patrick Twomey
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Innovations in the broad field of general surgery are dominated today by advances in "minimally invasive surgery," ie, laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, and similar procedures. Using modifications of earlier gynecologic and endoscopic techniques, these developments are revolutionizing major aspects of general surgery (and many subspecialties) at a rate that defies up-to-date cataloging. Examples beyond cholecystectomy and appendectomy include colectomy, gastrectomy, nephrectomy, splenectomy, pulmonary resections, and even total esophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). A nagging question remains: Granting that these techniques are feasible, how does one know they are better than those previously used? The touchstone of prospective, randomized trials has not yet been applied. In some cases such rigor is moot. For example, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been found to be equally effective, generally safe, and much better tolerated than the open procedure. Outpatient or 1-day-stay procedures are common, and with a suitably experienced team, complications are similar to or less than those
Mycobacterium fortuitum abscess at injection site
Authors: W. E. Clapper
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cruz<sup>1</sup>first described<i>Mycobacterium fortuitum</i>in 1938. It was isolated from an abscess in a patient who had received subcutaneous injections of a vitamin preparation. Brock et al<sup>2</sup>reported a group IV<i>Mycobacterium</i>species (which includes<i>M fortuitum</i>) to have been the cause of a cutaneous infection. Since these appear to be the only reports of this type of infection, a recent isolation of the bacterium from the site of an inoculation of penicillin is unusual enough to be of interest. <h3>Report of Case:—</h3> While vacationing in Mexico during March 1967, a 59-year-old man contracted enteritis and for treatment received an injection of penicillin into the left buttock. He recalled that the sterile technique was minimal. Deep tenderness followed the injection and was present for the subsequent three months. When he saw his local urologist because of an obstinate genitourinary tract infection which had not
Nitroprusside Therapy
Authors: Dipak Mukherjee
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Five hypertensive patients with acute myocardial infarction and persistent postinfarction hypertension who experienced severe and recurrent resting chest pain, ST elevations, and severe ventricular arrhythmias refractory to conventional treatment with bed rest, sedation, oxygen inhalation, nitrates, and antiarrhythmic agents received sodium nitroprusside by continuous intravenous infusion, titrated to reduce systolic blood pressure to 100 to 110 mm Hg. Treatment resulted in noticeable improvement in symptoms, reduction in ST elevations, and abolition of ventricular arrhythmias in all five patients. In four patients, cessation of nitroprusside infusion after 48 hours resulted in prompt recurrence of hypertension, chest pain, ST-segment elevations, and ventricular arrhythmias. These were all rapidly reversed following reinstitution of the nitroprusside therapy for seven to eight days, strongly suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. Nitroprusside infusion in these patients suggests a potentially important use for such therapy in this clinical setting. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2406-2409, 1976)
What is intradiscal therapy, anyway?
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The patient has clear-cut lumbar disk protrusion. His lower back and leg pain is unremitting. He cannot carry out his everyday activities, and four weeks of bed rest, analgesics, and physiotherapy have not helped. This patient, among the estimated 1% of adult Americans who will have a herniated disk at some time in their lives, could be considered for intradiscal therapy with chymopapain. However, emphasize the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), joint sponsors of a number of one-day courses in the procedure: "Ideal candidates for chymopapain injection are also the ideal candidates for surgery." If chymopapain chemonucleolysis is chosen, it is performed either in the operating room or in a radiology department's special-procedures room equipped for sterile surgical techniques. The anesthetized patient (either local or general anesthesia is used) usually is taped to the special operating table on the left side,
Noncoding RNA danger motifs bridge innate and adaptive immunity and are potent adjuvants for vaccination
Authors: Lilin Wang, Dan Smith, Simona Bot, Luis Dellamary, Amy Bloom, Adrian Bot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The adaptive immune response is triggered by recognition of T and B cell epitopes and is influenced by “danger” motifs that act via innate immune receptors. This study shows that motifs associated with noncoding RNA are essential features in the immune response reminiscent of viral infection, mediating rapid induction of proinflammatory chemokine expression, recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells, modulation of regulatory cytokines, subsequent differentiation of Th1 cells, isotype switching, and stimulation of cross-priming. The heterogeneity of RNA-associated motifs results in differential binding to cellular receptors, and specifically impacts the immune profile. Naturally occurring double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggered activation of dendritic cells and enhancement of specific immunity, similar to selected synthetic dsRNA motifs. Based on the ability of specific RNA motifs to block tolerance induction and effectively organize the immune defense during viral infection, we conclude that such RNA species are potent danger motifs. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using selected RNA motifs as adjuvants in the context of novel aerosol carriers for optimizing the immune response to subunit vaccines. In conclusion, RNA-associated motifs produced during viral infection bridge the early response with the late adaptive phase, regulating the activation and differentiation of antigen-specific B and T cells, in addition to a short-term impact on innate immunity.
ABSTRACTS
Authors: Theodore Spaet, John Bateman, N Beutler, Jozef Jerzy, T Bothwell, T Brittingham, J Chatterjea, A Grafli, U Heine, I Helmcke, D Bierwoif, Z Kurat- Owska, B Lewartowski, E Michalak, C Matson, Jane Swanson, Tazolamide Hoffman, S Zimmerman, J Reese
Journal: Blood (1960)
Vestibular migraine
Authors: Vivien Li, Helen McArdle, S Anand Trip
Journal: BMJ (2019)

### What you need to know A 63 year old woman presented to her general practitioner with episodes of severe dizziness, nausea, and vomiting associated with photophobia. On the first attack, symptoms were so severe she was admitted to hospital and underwent neuroimaging to exclude a stroke. Following recurrent episodes, she was given various diagnoses including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Ménière's disease. She had a history of occasional episodic migraine but did not experience episodes of headache with dizziness. Eventually, a diagnosis of vestibular migraine was reached. After commencing topiramate, she has experienced no further attacks. Vestibular migraine (also known as migrainous vertigo) is considered a migraine variant, characterised by a combination of vertigo, dizziness, or balance disturbance with migrainous features. It is a relatively newly defined entity. In 2012, the Barany Society and International Headache Society released a consensus document on the diagnostic criteria, which has recently been included in the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) (box 1). It is currently listed as an appendix, indicating the need for further validation with high level evidence, which may lead to its formal acceptance in future revisions.1 Despite this, we believe it is an important condition to be aware of and recognise, due to its high prevalence (see box 2) and the availability of effective treatments. Box 1 ### International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (ICHD-3) diagnostic criteria for vestibular migraine1 1. At … RETURN TO TEXT
Bacterial Tracheitis
Authors: Roger Jones
Journal: JAMA (1979)

During a 14-month period, eight infants and children were observed with an acute, infectious, upper airway obstructive disease with features common to both croup and epiglottitis. We have termed this distinct entity "bacterial tracheitis." All patients failed to respond to treatment for croup, including racemic epinephrine delivered by intermittent positive-pressure breathing. Direct laryngoscopy consistently revealed a normal epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds but marked subglottic mucosal edema. Tracheal suctioning yielded copius mucopus below the subglottic swelling. Gram stain of this material corroborated subsequent cultures:<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, six; group A<i>Streptococcus</i>, one; and<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>(not typed), one. All patients required periodic tracheal suctioning for relief of upper airway obstruction. Six patients required endotracheal intubation; one required a tracheostomy. Bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young child with a croup-like illness that is refractory to conventional therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:721-726, 1979)
Modern English Usage
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The natural history of myocardial disease in dialysis patients.
Authors: P S Parfrey, J D Harnett, P E Barre
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

Among dialysis patients, only 23% have a normal echocardiogram, about 10% have recurrent or chronic congestive heart failure, and 17% have asymptomatic ischemic heart disease. The predisposing factors for congestive heart failure are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic hyperkinetic disease, and ischemic heart disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy, a disorder of systolic function, includes among its risk factors age, hyperparathyroidism, and smoking. Hypertrophic disease results in diastolic dysfunction, and its predictors include age, hypertension, aluminum accumulation, anemia, and, perhaps, hyperparathyroidism. Ischemic heart disease is due to the presence of coronary artery disease and also to nonatherosclerotic disease caused by the reduction in coronary vasodilator reserve and altered myocardial oxygen delivery and use. The clinical outcome of congestive heart failure is comparable to that of nonrenal patients with medically refractory heart failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an important independent determinant of survival. A subset have hyperkinetic disease with severe hypertrophy and have a bad survival, as low as 43% have a 2-yr survival after the first admission to hospital with cardiac failure. The prognosis for those with dilated cardiomyopathy is less severe but is worse than those with normal echocardiogram. The survival of patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease was little different from that of patients without symptoms, suggesting that the underlying cardiomyopathies had an adverse impact on survival independent of ischemic disease. Much research needs to be undertaken on the risk factors, natural history, and therapy of the various types of cardiac disease prevalent in dialysis patients.
Eponyms
Authors: N. Paul Rosman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Robertson's plea for the preservation of medical eponyms (221:1278, 1972) is well taken, but alas there are potential dangers. He comments: I couldn't believe it, but in Magalini's<i>Dictionary of Medical Syndromes</i>I found the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, otherwise known as the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome. Although Smith and Opitz co-authored a report of this syndrome, they did so with Dr. Inhorn, not with Dr. Lemli (<i>J Pediatr</i>67:617, 1965). Also, their report was the second; the original report had been documented by Drs. Bowen, Lee, Zellweger, and Lindenberg (<i>Johns Hopkins Med J</i>114:402, 1964). Further, with passage of time, the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome has taken on the eponymic designation Zellweger's syndrome, which to this reader seems a bit unjust. All of this suggests that it is possible to have a syndrome named and misnamed after you if your name is Smith, and this may well be easier than if
Light- and electron-microscopical study of a case of gold salt—induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: G Fleischner
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

A 56-yr-old woman with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis exhibited jaundice, pruritus and abdominal discomfort after 8 yr of periodic gold sodium thiomalate injections amounting to a cumulative dose in excess of 2.5 gm. Histopathological examination of the liver biopsy specimen showed submassive loss of parenchyma, collapse of reticulin and mixed cellular inflammatory infiltrates. Macrophages contained dark granules, which displayed the characteristics of aurosomes when examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis. It is likely that hepatocellular injury occurred when the lysosomal storage capacity for gold was exceeded.
Physical and Biological Studies of Coal and Oil Fly Ash
Authors: Gerald L. Fisher, Karen L. McNeill, Bruce A. Prentice, Andrew R. McFarland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Studies were performed to compare the physical and chemical characteristics and the in vitro macrophage cytotoxicity of oil and coal fly ash. Sampling methodology was developed to collect size-fractionated particulate matter from the smokestack of either a coal-fired or an oil-fired power plant. Morphological studies demonstrated particle heterogeneity, although most coal fly ash particles appeared to be spherical. Oil fly ash contained two major morphologies; nonopaque amorphous particles and opaque amorphous particles. Elemental analysis indicates that the coal ash is predominantly composed of aluminosilicate particles, while the oil ash is predominantly inorganic sulfates and carbonaceous particles. In vitro macrophage assays demonstrate that the finest coal fly ash particles are the most cytotoxic; the cytotoxicity is significantly less than that of alpha-quartz, the positive control particle. In contrast, the oil fly ash particles are more cytotoxic than quartz. The cytotoxicity of oil fly ash is due to soluble components, possibly vanadium salts.
Doctors in Congress
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Referral of patients with myocardial infarction and low ejection fraction to arrhythmia specialists
Authors: D. C. Goff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —<i>Pernkopf Anatomy</i>is published by Urban &amp; Schwarzenberg, our German subsidiary. We regard very seriously the issues raised in these letters and support the recommendation from Drs Israel and Seidelman for an expert inquiry into the Pernkopf anatomy atlas. In a letter to Seidelman (August 29, 1996), we suggested that such an inquiry should be conducted by the University of Vienna Faculty of Medicine where Pernkopf was dean and head of the Department of Anatomy before and during World War II. We are also prepared to provide financial support. We continue to publish<i>Pernkopf Anatomy</i>because of its scientific merit and the fact that, to date, no concrete evidence exists to substantiate Pernkopf's use of cadavers originating from Nazi concentration camp victims. We pursued our own inquiry including, but not limited to, conversations with authors and illustrators who worked on the atlas after Pernkopf died in 1956, letters from present
The Letter
Authors: Mary L. Varterasian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Ad Libitum2 January 2007The LetterMary L. Varterasian, MDMary L. Varterasian, MDFrom Ann Arbor, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I found the letter tucked far back in a dresser drawer with some other personal effects. It was a note that had been typed on a single sheet of blue paper, folded in half twice, and addressed to my mother, then a young wife and mother residing in Detroit, Michigan. It was sent by airmail with sixpence postage from Manchester, England, on 15 February 1966. After a brief introduction, the letter read: “You will appreciate that it is impossible for me to discuss your problem except in very general terms. The idea that Hodgkin's disease is inevitably fatal was one ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Ann Arbor, Michigan.Current Author Address: Mary L. Varterasian, MD, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 January 2007Volume 146, Issue 1Page: 71KeywordsHodgkin lymphoma ePublished: 2 January 2007 Issue Published: 2 January 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Error in Data Presentation in Figure and Text
Authors: Aaron Geller, Paul Guillod
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

thesized review of 26 randomized clinical trials involving 1728 participants reported safe withdrawal lasting 1 to 2 weeks in most studies. 2 Other clinicians advise that when opioids are determined to not be necessary or when the identified dangers exceed benefits, dosage should be decreased up to 50% per day. 3 In a case report by Sakamoto and colleagues, 4 a patient's opioid needs were precipitously diminished after nerve block such that oxycodone dosage was reduced from 240 mg daily to 160 mg and then to 80 mg daily within 2 days. 4The abrupt taper resulted only in nausea as the sole withdrawal symptom.Symptoms of opioid withdrawal, including nausea, diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia, myalgias, and hypertension can be readily mitigated with safe nonnarcotics in patients without malignancies with clonidine or tizanidine, which are efficacious by diminishing compensatory sympathomimetic cardiovascular withdrawal from opioids.Proactive presymptomatic treatment of nausea may facilitate safe rapid opioid withdrawal. 5 Just as Guillod and colleagues 1 noted that ventilatory tolerance is not ubiquitous, so too must clinicians appreciate that withdrawal is also not 100% pervasive.People who misuse or abuse their prescribed opioids through early consumption often do not call the practitioner complaining of withdrawal symptomatology.Clinicians are encouraged to recall that opioid withdrawal is characterized by nonlethal symptoms, and rather than overprescribing opioids through long, gradual tapers, rapid opioid taper may save lives.