tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis control. Back to the future?
Authors: F. Gordin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Specialized facilities for tuberculosis (TB) have all but faded from the American health care system. With the introduction of isoniazid and other effective therapies, patients with TB became part of the mainstream of patients treated in general care hospitals and outpatient settings. This success, however, caused the awareness of TB to decrease among health care providers and the public. This complacency has now come to an abrupt halt with the heavily publicized outbreaks of multidrug-resistant strains of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in New York and Florida.<sup>1</sup>Public awareness and fear of TB has been heightened through media coverage, including a recent cover story in<i>Newsweek</i>entitled "TB: Why It's Back and How We Can Protect Ourselves" (<i>Newsweek</i>. March 16,1992: 52-57). The fear of widespread dissemination of TB to other patients, health care workers, and the general public has prompted interest in reopening special TB facilities. But would these facilities, in fact,
Molecular Epidemiology in Cancer Risk Assessment and Prevention: Recent Progress and Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Gerald N. Wogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Molecular epidemiology is increasingly being applied in studies of cancer risks derived from exposure to environmental carcinogens of both endogenous and exogenous origins. Analytical methods have been developed that are capable of detecting and quantifying levels of covalent adducts of several important classes of carcinogens with cellular DNA and blood proteins. Methods of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect ambient levels of exposure are in current use. These are being used in studies related to tobacco use (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, tobacco-specific nitrosamines); dietary exposures (aflatoxins, N-nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines); medicinal exposures (cisplatin, alkylating agents, 8-methoxypsoralen, ultraviolet photoproducts); occupational exposures (aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxides of ethylene and styrene, and vinyl chloride); and oxidative damage (8-hydroxyguanine, thymine glycol). Methodologic improvements together with their expanded use in feasibility studies continue to produce results that support the validity of this approach for detecting and quantifying exposure to carcinogens. Genetic markers are also being used to detect early biological responses in efforts to link carcinogen exposure to initiating events in the carcinogenesis process. These include, in addition to traditional cytogenetic markers (e.g., chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange, micronuclei), other alterations in chromosomal structure such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms, loss of heterozygosity, and translocation markers. Specific genetic changes have recently been identified as critical molecular events in the initiation and development of many cancers. Important among these are activation of oncogenes, especially those of the ras family, and inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes (e.g., p53 and Rb) by point mutations and/or chromosomal deletions and other structural changes. Although some of these changes are known to occur in chemically induced tumors of experimental animals, the possible role of chemical carcinogens in the induction of genetic abnormalities in human cancers has yet to be determined. Continuing investigations employing the methods of molecular epidemiology promise to provide further evidence concerning these relationships. Future investigations employing newly developed molecular biological methods, in particular those based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA, to identify alterations in DNA and chromosomal structure, combined with methods for characterizing exposure to carcinogens and early effects, have great potential for further elucidating the role of genotoxic agents in the etiology of human cancers and also for the development of strategies for their prevention.
Nephropathology
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PNEUMONIC FEVER.
Authors: EDWARD F. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1889)

EIGHTH PAPER. CAUSATION: PREDISPOSING INFLUENCES. (Concluded from page 53.) Cold has long been recognized as one of the most energetic of the predisposing causes of pneumonic fever, although the proposition has been denied by some. I have myself no doubt regarding the predisposing influence of exposure to cold and wet in the causation of the disease, and it is to this I attribute the preponderance of persons attacked whose habits and occupations lead to such exposure. It was the impression of Laennec that cold, as a cause of pneumonic fever, was much less active when it temporarily followed excessive heat. Thus "the Russian who rolls himself in the snow after coming out of the hot bath, or the baker who goes from his heated oven, almost naked, into an atmosphere below zero, is not liable to attacks of this disease." I may add that I have seen iron and lead
Enhanced low shear stress induced platelet aggregation by Shiga‐like toxin 1 purified from Escherichia coli O157
Authors: Hideo Yagi, Nobuhiro Narita, Masanori Matsumoto, Yoshihiko Sakurai, Hisao Ikari, Akira Yoshioka, Eiji Kita, Yasuo Ikeda, Koiti Titani, Yoshihiro Fujimura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

The effect of Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) produced by Escherichia coli O157 on platelets was studied with an argon laser light-assisted shear-induced platelet aggregometer and with binding assays. Stx1 markedly enhanced the platelet aggregation under low shear stress but did not affect it under high shear stress. Minimal concentration of Stx1 required for the enhancement was 0.25 ng/ml, and almost maximal enhancement was observed at a final concentration of ≥2.5 ng/ml. This enhanced platelet aggregation disappeared after leukocyte depletion from normal platelet-rich plasma with a specific filter. In contrast, a standard platelet aggregometer was unable to detect this enhanced platelet aggregation in either the presence or the absence of ADP. 125I-labeled purified Stx1 did not specifically bind to normal washed platelets depleted of leukocytes, and thin-layer chromatographic analysis of glycolipids extracted from normal platelet lysates also confirmed that leukocyte-depleted normal platelets lack Stx1-specific receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Supernatant from the monocyte suspension stimulated with Stx1 exhibited the enhanced low shear stress induced platelet aggregation, but that from the polymorphonuclear cell suspension did not. Several cytokines produced from monocytes reproduced this event in vitro. Further, plasmas from six out of seven patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) had activity similar to the purified Stx1. This activity was almost totally impaired after treatment of HUS plasmas with Gb3 in accord with reduction of plasma Stx1 levels. Taken together, these results indicate that platelets lack Gb3, and Stx1 appears to modulate platelet aggregation in an indirect fashion, presumably by the release of cytokines or chemical compounds from the target tissues. Am. J. Hematol. 66:105–115, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Neuropsychological Approaches for the Detection and Evaluation of Toxic Symptoms
Authors: Nancy Fiedler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The purpose of this paper is 3-fold: a) to review briefly the neuropsychological tests that have been used to evaluate the effects of neurotoxicants; b) to identify individual factors that may create heightened sensitivity to neurotoxicants; and c) to discuss test parameters that will increase the sensitivity of neuropsychological tests for detecting symptoms in low-level exposure situations.While the body of literature on neurobehavioral toxicology has increased dramatically during the past 10 years, it remains difficult to discern which tests are most effective in detecting behavioral effects even among workers with significant exposures.Few investigators have evaluated the interactions between individual differences, such as gender and psychiatric function, and exposure to neurotoxicants.Detection of behavioral performance decrements among uniquely susceptible populations such as those with sensitivities to low-level exposures (e.g., multiple chemical sensitivities) will require more difficult tests than are frequently used in current neuropsychological test batteries.
Identifying the tuberculous infected. The dual-test technique
Authors: C. E. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

While the tuberculin test has long been a most useful tool for identifying the tuberculous infected in a population, it has the limitation that it may elicit cross-reactions in persons infected with other (nontuberculous) mycobacteria. One approach toward improving the identification of persons with tuberculous infection, is a dual-test technique, using an atypical mycobacterial antigen together with tuberculin. In 1958, the Public Health Service and the US Navy instituted a cooperative program designed to study skin-test sensitivity and related tuberculosis morbidity among navy recruits. Preliminary results from this program provide striking evidence that the use of another mycobacterial purified protein derivative (PPD) in addition to tuberculin significantly improves the identification of the the tuberculous infected in a population.
WILLIAM CHESELDEN (1688-1752) —ANATOMIST, LITHOTOMIST, AND SURGEON
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatry and primary care forge new bonds
Authors: L. Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

"PRIMARY CARE physicians don't care about psychiatric problems." "Psychiatrists don't know much about somatization." Chafing under such stereotypes while conceding there is some truth to them, primary care physicians and psychiatrists alike worked to break down barriers to communication in several sessions at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). "Helping primary care physicians learn our language isn't always enough. We have to learn their language, too," asserted John Urbaitis, MD, chief of psychiatry at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore (Md), and codirector of a course on the role of psychiatrists in primary care. Although psychiatrists may be asked to consult on hospitalized medical patients, people stay in the hospital today only for acute stabilization. While in the hospital, Urbaitis said, they are too sick to do much talking or creative thinking about their psychosocial life. Psychiatrists must do more cooperative evaluations and care of patients in primary care
1993 Lasker Awards Announced
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

1993 Lasker Awards Announced Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 19, 6 October 1993, Page 1553, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.19.1553 Published: 06 October 1993
Notes of Lettsomian Lectures on Certain Points Connected with Diabetes
Authors: F. Wm. Pavy
Journal: BMJ (1859)

Baziut TMzuoui JIoUIAL.source of immediate danger than the lungs.Indeed, this con- dition is very common, apart from phthisis, and produces or attends a state of languor, feebleness, defective appetite, mental depression, and general exhaustion.It may seem out of place to offer a remark as to the best method of relieving the cough in cases of phthisis; but the great success which has attended the small and repeated doses of mnorphia encourages me to mention it.I believe no other substance is so certain and uniform in its action, and so de- serving of confidence.Regarding the cough as sympathetic, when not directly induced by local mischief in the pharynx, I never administer expectorants, but give simply one-sixteenth of a grain of morphia in water, or in two ounces of acacia mix- ture, four to six times in the day and night.It is a dose whichl may be repeated in half an hour without injury.It seldom affects the head or the bowels; and, when repeated, I venture to say, will always allay cough, and give sleep.I use no other remedy for the cough, whether in phthisis or bronchitis, and could adduce some thousands of cases to prove the utility of the plan.6, Queen Anne Street, W.
Progesterone, fluid, and electrolytes in premenstrual syndrome.
Authors: K Dalton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

alcoholic liver disease than in healthy people.Thus dextropropoxyphene is not a recom- mended analgesic for alcoholics.When the drug alone has been taken in excessive doses in other patients saturation of the first-pass metabolism may take place.4The authors further suggest that the dangers of dextropropoxyphene outweigh the anal- gesic activity of the drug.They cite Miller's review of the drug5 in support of their argu- ment.However, in their introduction mention is made of the fact that Distalgesic is by far the most commonly prescribed drug.Recently Dr C I T Cruickshank (7 June, p 1378) suggested that Distalgesic was the drug of first choice for analgesia among his consultant colleagues.To us it would appear clear that the analgesic efficacy of the drug is responsible for its widespread use.Dextropropoxyphene finds its greatest use in musculoskeletal disorders and as an adjunct in rheumatoid arthritis; only a few trials dealing with these are found in Miller's reviews.5 6 Moreover, many of the papers reviewed by Miller were single-dose studies, whereas studies indicate
Response
Authors: S. MARSONI, C. MANGIONI, S. PERCORELLI, G. BOLIS, V. TORRI
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Response Get access SILVIA MARSONI, SILVIA MARSONI Laboratory of Clinical Epidimiology Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriVia Eritrea 62 20157 Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar COSTANTINO MANGIONI, COSTANTINO MANGIONI Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica Università di MilanoMonza, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SERGIO PERCORELLI, SERGIO PERCORELLI Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica Università di BresciaBrescia, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GIORGIO BOLIS, GIORGIO BOLIS III Clinica Ostetrico-Ginecologica Università di MilanoMilan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VALTER TORRI VALTER TORRI Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario NegriMilan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Pages 434–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.434-a Published: 07 March 1990
Response
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Response Get access Journal editors Journal editors Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 8, 15 June 1988, Pages 605–606, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.8.605 Published: 15 June 1988
Maternal Diet during Pregnancy and Wheeze and Eczema in Infants; the Japanese Birth Cohort (T-CHILD) Study
Authors: M. Narita, D. Qiu, M. Hamaguchi, M. Doi, M. Futamura, N. Sakamoto, H. Saito, Y. Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
THE MARAGLIANO LECTURE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The results of the studies of Professor Maragliano, which have been fully reported from time to time inThe Journal,<sup>2</sup>are very fully summarized in the latest Phipps lecture,<sup>3</sup>which was to have been delivered March 28. Its statements in detail will be of interest to American readers, though the facts and views there expressed have been already given in foreign journals. Behring's experiments with vaccination on calves against tuberculosis are well known, but Professor Maragliano has gone further, and he reports the results of attempts to immunize human beings by the use of vaccine material containing no living bacteria. Of course, the test of such immunity against cultures of living bacteria can not be made in our species. Behring's results in calves do not warrant the application of his method to the human.subject, and Maragliano is evidently not the man to engage in dangerous experiments. Still further,
Targeting the LYN/HS1 Signaling Axis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Elisa ten Hacken, Cristina Scielzo, Maria Teresa Sabrina Betilaccio, Lydia Scarfò, Benedetta Apollonio, Maurilio Ponzoni, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Paolo Ghia, Federico Caligaris-Cappio
Journal: Blood (2012)
Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels increase in proportion to the extent of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: N. Nagaya, T. Nishikimi, Y. Okano, M. Uematsu, T. Satoh, S. Kyotani, S. Kuribayashi, K. Kangawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Plastic Surgery
Authors: John O. Kucan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

During the past 2 decades we have witnessed substantial increases in the capability to reconstruct tissue defects. These advances have resulted from improved understanding of patterns of circulation and improved techniques to design and transfer flaps from one location to the other. Despite these advances, there is often a need for a method of reconstruction that results in more accurate anatomic restoration or a less severe donor-site deformity. Recent efforts have focused on going beyond the constraints imposed by naturally available flaps. Thus, techniques to effectively engineer the desired tissue in vivo and in vitro are emerging. For tissue engineering in vivo, custom flap prefabrication is used.<sup>1</sup>In this method, the donor tissue is selected to meet material needs required for optimum reconstruction. If this tissue does not have a blood supply pattern that permits reliable transfer by standard techniques, an artery and vein pair is transferred to lie
Patients’ Understanding of Anticoagulant Therapy in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Sunil Nadar, Nazneen Begum, Bhupinder Kaur, Sukhpreet Sandhu, Gregory Y H Lip
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

To investigate whether knowledge and perceptions of antithrombotic therapy differ between ethnic groups in the UK, we conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of patients attending anticoagulation clinics in three Birmingham teaching hospitals. 180 consecutive patients were recruited—135 white European, 29 Indo-Asian, 16 Afro-Caribbean. The average knowledge score was 5.5 out of 9, with no significant differences between the groups. Indo-Asians were significantly less likely than the other groups to know the name of the anticoagulant they were taking (warfarin) and Afro-Caribbeans to know the condition for which they were being anticoagulated. Few patients of any group were able to specify more than one side-effect of warfarin or the dose they were on. In logistic regression analysis the factors associated with a low score were age &gt;gT 61 years, having been born outside the UK, and the perception of difficulty in comprehension. Nearly half the Indo-Asians felt unable to understand what was said to them in the clinic, and 62% expressed a preference for a doctor of the same ethnic group. Although there were no significant between-group differences, this study points to gaps in the knowledge of patients from ethnic minorities and to deficiencies in the provision of information. In patient education, these groups should receive special attention.
Management and outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in adults notified in England and Wales in 1983. Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit.
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Abstract The management and outcome of treatment were studied, two years or more after notification, in previously untreated adult patients of white and Indian subcontinent (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) ethnic origin with pulmonary tuberculosis notified in England and Wales in the first six months of 1983. Of the 1068 patients, 10% had died, 3% defaulted, and 1% left the UK before completing chemotherapy. Of the 917 patients who completed chemotherapy, 90% were prescribed rifampicin and isoniazid throughout, most having ethambutol in addition either in the initial phase only (72%) or throughout (3%); 18% had pyrazinamide. The outcome of chemotherapy at the time the patient was last seen was reported by the clinician. Of those completing treatment, most were classified as cured after the primary course of chemotherapy (86%) or after modification of chemotherapy because of toxicity (10%) or therapeutic failure (2%). Altogether, 28 patients were classified as therapeutic failures because of a slow response, deterioration, or failure during chemotherapy or relapse after stopping chemotherapy. A further 151 patients, however, failed to complete chemotherapy, some for reasons attributable to a failure of the routine clinical services. This should prompt continued efforts to maximise the efficiency of the services for tuberculosis. The main differences between the findings of this survey and those of the previous Medical Research Council survey (of patients starting chemotherapy in 1978-9) were an increased use of pyrazinamide and a reduction in the duration of the chemotherapy prescribed.