tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is it acceptable for people to take methylphenidate to enhance performance? No
Authors: Anjan Chatterjee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A drug that can improve your exam results may sound tempting, and <b>John Harris (</b>doi:10.1136/bmj.b1955) believes that we should embrace its possibilities. <b>Anjan Chatterjee</b>, however, argues that the dangers have been underplayed
Injuries among Female Army Recruits: A Conflict of Legislation
Authors: Lan M M Gemmell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

In the final decade of the 20th century, the British Armed Forces came under intense pressure to open up traditionally male roles to female recruits. For training, women were initially given lower entry and exit standards, but it became apparent that many did not possess the strength necessary for their work. This ‘gender fair’ policy was therefore changed to a ‘gender free’ policy, whereby identical physical fitness tests were used for selection of male and female recruits and the training programme made no allowances for gender differences. To determine the effects of this policy change, data from medical discharges were examined for the periods before and after implementation, with reference to musculoskeletal injuries of the lower limbs. In the first cohort there were 5697 men and 791 women, in the second 6228 men and 592 women. The cross-gender (F/M) odds ratio for discharges because of overuse injury rose from 4.0 (95% CI 2.8 to 5.7) under the gender-fair system to 7.5 (5.8 to 9.7) under the gender-free system (P—0.001). Despite reducing the number of women selected, the gender-free policy led to higher losses from overuse injuries. This study confirms and quantifies the excess risk for women when they undertake the same arduous training as male recruits, and highlights the conflict between health and safety legislation and equal opportunities legislation.
A Phase II Trial of the FLT3 Inhibitor CEP701 as First Line Treatment for Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia Not Considered Fit for Intensive Chemotherapy.
Authors: Steven Knapper, Alan K. Burnett, Jonathan Kell, Raj Chopra, Richard Clark, Jenny Craig, Dominic Culligan, Mark J. Levis, Nigel H. Russell, Donald Small
Journal: Blood (2004)
Hypokalemia
Authors: F. John Gennari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

A low serum potassium concentration is perhaps the most common electrolyte abnormality encountered in clinical practice. When defined as a value of less than 3.6 mmol of potassium per liter, hypokalemia is found in over 20 percent of hospitalized patients.1 The majority of these patients have serum potassium concentrations between 3.0 and 3.5 mmol per liter, but as many as one quarter have values below 3.0 mmol per liter. Comparable data are not available for outpatients, but a low serum potassium concentration has been found in 10 to 40 percent of patients treated with thiazide diuretics.2 Hypokalemia is usually well . . .
Genetic modifiers of hypertension in soluble guanylate cyclase α1–deficient mice
Authors: Emmanuel S. Buys, Michael J. Raher, Andrew Kirby, Mohd Shahid, David M. Baron, Sarah R. Hayton, Laurel T. Tainsh, Patrick Y. Sips, Kristen M. Rauwerdink, Qingshang Yan, Robert E.T. Tainsh, Hannah R. Shakartzi, Christine Stevens, Kelly Decaluwé, Maria da Gloria Rodrigues-Machado, Rajeev Malhotra, Johan Van de Voorde, Tong Wang, Peter Brouckaert, Mark J. Daly, Kenneth D. Bloch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

In Table 4, line 12, for HLA allele A*0201, ORF UL27, the range given for HSV-1 aa was incorrect.
Erratum
Authors: D Crawford, W Anderson, M Brick, A Callaghan, J Chichester, J Urumley, G Falkner, A Fleming, R Hargrave, M Hayden, F Jordan, P Madden, A Monahan, Cutcheon M', C Parr, J Richards, F Robinson, S Warren, L Farndon, L Lond
Journal: BMJ (1892)

Bartholomew's Hospital.Ten candidates were referred
Bladder Cancer, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Thomas W. Flaig, Philippe E. Spiess, Neeraj Agarwal, Rick Bangs, Stephen A. Boorjian, Mark K. Buyyounouski, Sam Chang, Tracy M. Downs, Jason A. Efstathiou, Terence Friedlander, Richard E. Greenberg, Khurshid A. Guru, Thomas Guzzo, Harry W. Herr, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Christopher Hoimes, Brant A. Inman, Masahito Jimbo, A. Karim Kader, Subodh M. Lele, Jeff Michalski, Jeffrey S. Montgomery, Lakshminarayanan Nandagopal, Lance C. Pagliaro, Sumanta K. Pal, Anthony Patterson, Elizabeth R. Plimack, Kamal S. Pohar, Mark A. Preston, Wade J. Sexton, Arlene O. Siefker-Radtke, Jonathan Tward, Jonathan L. Wright, Lisa A. Gurski, Alyse Johnson-Chilla
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2020)

This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Bladder Cancer focuses on the clinical presentation and workup of suspected bladder cancer, treatment of non–muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer, and treatment of metastatic urothelial bladder cancer because important updates have recently been made to these sections. Some important updates include recommendations for optimal treatment of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the event of a bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage and details about biomarker testing for advanced or metastatic disease. The systemic therapy recommendations for second-line or subsequent therapies have also been revised. Treatment and management of muscle-invasive, nonmetastatic disease is covered in the complete version of the NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer available at NCCN.org . Additional topics covered in the complete version include treatment of nonurothelial histologies and recommendations for nonbladder urinary tract cancers such as upper tract urothelial carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma of the prostate, and primary carcinoma of the urethra.
Regulations of the Royal College of Surgeons, London
Journal: BMJ (1841)

MlIembers' List.THE Council of the College, desirous of fur- nishing to the public a correct list of their mem- bers, request that each member wvill be pleased to transmit to the Secretary, between the 1st of June and 1st of July in every year, by letter, a state- ment containing his name at full length, address, and date of diploma, in his own handwriting,
HIV and AIDS—United States, 1981-2000
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has had a substantial impact on the health and economy of many nations. Since the first AIDS cases were reported in the United States in June 1981, the number of cases and deaths among persons with AIDS increased rapidly during the 1980s followed by substantial declines in new cases and deaths in the late 1990s. This report describes the changes in the characteristics of persons with AIDS since 1981. The greatest impact of the epidemic is among men who have sex with men (MSM) and among racial/ethnic minorities, with increases in the number of cases among women and of cases attributed to heterosexual transmission. The number of persons living with AIDS has increased as deaths have declined. Controlling the epidemic requires sustained prevention programs in all of these affected communities, particularly programs targeting MSM, women, and injection drug users.
On the biology of creativity
Authors: H. Hoagland
Journal: JAMA (1965)

I would like to comment on some biologic aspects of creativity. The higher forms of animals, including ourselves, have been extensively studied by behavioral psychologists from the point of view of their drives and motivations. In recent years, it has been discovered that one fundamental motivation for animal behavior seems to be curiosity—the drive to explore without reference to any particular end in view of food or reward. This is a biologic characteristic of animals ranging from cockroaches to man. For example, Robert Butler found that monkeys enclosed in a dimly lighted box would press a lever to open an opaque window for a few seconds. The window then closed automatically and could be opened again only by pressing a lever. A monkey would open and reopen the window for hours on end for no reward other than an opportunity to look out and see what was on the other
Trauma
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The third edition of this standard work appears some eight years after the second, prompted by new information. More than half the chapters have new first authors and four fresh chapters have been added. The new volume is a big (1280 pages and 67 chapters), heavy (about 9 lb), multiauthored (121 contributors) reference work containing six major sections: "Overview," "General Approaches," "Specific Injuries," "Special Problems," "Complications After Trauma," and "Medicolegal and Legislative Issues." Obviously such a work defies detailed review, but a few observations may help the first-time purchaser and the reader of previous editions. Being a comprehensive treatment of the entire field of surgical trauma, the volume contains so much information that it hardly serves as a quick guide for the harassed surgeon in the middle of the night, but rather as reading for morning-after study, reflection, and planning for the current and future injured patient. For instance, the
Serotonin syndrome
Authors: N. A. Buckley, A. H. Dawson, G. K. Isbister
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially fatal and largely avoidable adverse drug reaction caused by serotonergic drugs. The steady increase in use of such drugs means all doctors need to be aware of what drugs increase serotonin and how to promptly recognise the syndrome and determine if it is potentially life threatening.
Epidemiology of Asbestos-Related Diseases
Authors: R. A. Lemen, J. M. Dement, J. K. Wagoner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

This paper is intended to give the reader an overview of the epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases and is restricted to primarily occupational exposure studies. However, some mention of nonoccupational exposures are made because of their direct relationship to a worker or to a secondary occupational source. Over 100 epidemiological studies are reviewed, dating back to the first case of asbestos-associated disease reported by Montague Murray in 1906. The studies are divided by specific fiber type and by specific disease outcomes and the interaction of asbestos and cigarette smoking is discussed in great detail.
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS PRODUCED BY GALVANIC ACTION BETWEEN DISSIMILAR METALS IN THE CARE OF TEETH.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
WHAT IS THE CYCLASTER SCARLATINALIS OF MALLORY?
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase I Study of Rituximab-Cyclophosphamide (R-CY) Stem Cell Mobilization and Rituximab-BEAM HDC with ASCT in Patients with Relapsed, Refractory or High Risk Intermediate Grade Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
Authors: Eileen Scigliano, Celia L. Grosskreutz, Steven M. Fruchtman, Janice L. Gabrilove, John P. Mandeli, Luis M. Isola
Journal: Blood (2004)
Failure of renal transplantation in primary oxalosis
Authors: J. Klauwers
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Severe renal insufficiency developed in a young man ill for many years with primary oxalosis. We felt that a renal transplant might reverse the enzymatic deficiency of glyoxylate transamination and prevent the deposition of oxalate crystals in the kidney. However, the transplant did not help, and the patient died with evidence of deposits of oxalate in the transplanted kidney and throughout his tissues. We believe that transplants should not be performed in primary oxalosis, but methods should be developed where glyoxylate would be converted to glycine instead of insoluble oxalate. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 22-year-old white man entered the Stanford University Medical Center because of renal failure and for a possible kidney transplant. When the patient was 3 years old, oxalate nephrolithiasis developed with removal of a right ureteral calculus. Since then, many renal calculi and pyelonephritis developed. In October 1967, he experienced extreme weakness and dyspnea, had a
Diagnose der Simulation nervöser Symptome auf Grund einer Differentialdiagnostischen Bearbeitung der einzelnen Phänomene. Ein Lehrbuch für den Praktiker.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical Diagnosis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2787: Artificial intelligence approach identifies IL2RB as a common prognostic and potential predictive biomarker associated with immune checkpoints in colorectal cancer
Authors: Matthew Alderdice, Stephanie Craig, Matt Humphries, Alan Gilmore, Victoria Bingham, Nicole Johnston, Stephen McQuaid, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Mark Lawler, Darragh G. McArt
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Identifying robust predictive biomarkers to enable stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, based on their response to immune checkpoint therapy, is an area of unmet clinical need. Genetic algorithms represent an exciting branch of artificial intelligence which can be used to extract meaningful associations from ‘big data’ now emerging more frequently in oncological research. We have employed Atlas Correlation Explorer (ACE), a user-friendly workbench that utilises a genetic algorithm to mine data deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our aim was to establish common intersections between gene expression analyses in ACE using nine well established immune checkpoint markers (CD274, PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TIM3, TIGIT, ICOS, IDO1 and BTLA). We observed IL2RB to be the common gene associated with immune checkpoints in both microarray and RNA sequencing data from the TCGA (7/9 gene lists). Assessment of IL2RB indicates that it is highly expressed on CD56+ natural killer cells and is associated with an increased infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and a decreased infiltration of fibroblasts. It is also significantly enriched in the immune consensus molecular subtype group CMS1. We next demonstrated that patients with high IL2RB gene expression have better relapse free survival in the TCGA CRC cohort (n = 322, log-rank p = 0.011) and an all stage CRC validation cohort GSE39582 (n = 519, log-rank p = 0.006). It is also an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (p = 0.01). We next observed strong correlations between IL2RB gene expression in CRC and previously published predictive gene signatures for anti-PD1 therapies in other solid tumours (Pearson correlation, R = 0.88). Finally, we optimised assessment of IL2RB immunohistochemistry in a large CRC cohort (n=661) using a digital pathology approach with the open-source QuPath software. To conclude, we have validated IL2RB as prognostic biomarker and have provided evidence to demonstrate that IL2RB expression could be used for CRC patient stratification in future immunotherapy based clinical trials. Citation Format: Matthew Alderdice, Stephanie Craig, Matt Humphries, Alan Gilmore, Victoria Bingham, Nicole Johnston, Stephen McQuaid, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Mark Lawler, Darragh G. McArt. Artificial intelligence approach identifies IL2RB as a common prognostic and potential predictive biomarker associated with immune checkpoints in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2787.
The order of authorship: who's on first?
Authors: D. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The authorship of medical articles is under scrutiny as never before. Fraudulent work appears, then may enjoy citation in the literature long after retraction.<sup>1</sup>In academia, most appointment and promotion committees tally the number of publications of a candidate, a recent proposal for some limit notwithstanding.<sup>2</sup>Names of prominent, senior scientists appear in bylines, so-called honorary authorship, as a means of impressing editors and reviewers and to acknowledge moral or financial support.<sup>3</sup> Perhaps the responsibilities of authorship come into clearest focus when investigators decide on the order in which their names will be listed on their manuscript. The designation of first author and the sequence of listing are important for several reasons. Some landmark studies are known by the name of their first author, lending support to the impression that, being listed first, he or she played a pivotal role in performing the work and writing the
All other Clinical Studies
Authors: C Olson, R Debartolo, J Hippensteel, B Jaup, J Lee, J Wyeth, R Sercombe, J Pounder, Lee Pasi, P Veldhuvzen Van Zanten, H Pollak, P Kapoor
Journal: Gut (1995)

Clarithromycin (CL) was administered in combination with omeprazole (OM) in four large, well-controlled studies (two European and two U.S.) to assess the safety and efficacy of this combination in the eradication of H. pylori from the gastric mucosa and prevenffon of duodenal ulcer recurrence.A total of 346 patients received CL 500 mg TID and OM 40 mg OD for the first 14 days, followed by OM 40 mg QD (in one study) or 20 mg QD (in three studies) for an additional 14 days.Most Frequently Reported Adverse Events* (Excluding Taste Perversion) All Adverse Excluding Concurrent COSTARTTerm Eie Consion Nausea 18 (5%) 1 1 (3%) Headache 16 (5%) 6 (2%) Diarrhea 15 (4%) 12 (3%) Vomiting 12 (3%) 5 (1%) Abdominal Pain 11 (3%) 8 (2%) Infection 9 (3%) 1 (<1%/0) Total@ 142 (41%) 74 (21%) Number of patients reporting each adverse event.@ Number of patents experienced at least one adverse event.Taste perversion, an adverse event commonly observed throughout the development of CL, was reported by 54 of the 346 patients (15%).The percentage of CL+OM treated patients reportng adverse events in the U.S. studies (49%, 81/164) and European studies (41%, 75/182) were similar, (p=0.131).Twelve (3%) of the 346 patients were prematurely terminated from study drug therapy due to adverse events.For each lboratory parameter, less than one percent (<i %) of the patients had laboratory values considered possibly clinically significant per criteria developed by Abbott Laboratories.Overall, cladthromycin 500 mg TID in combination with omeprazole 40 mg QD is safe and well tolerated.
Flaws documented, reforms debated at congress on journal peer review
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

RESEARCH is revealing much room for improvement in the long-concealed world of medical journal peer review. A host of shortcomings, from bias and error to poor readability and a lack of clear standards, were documented in studies presented at the Second International Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication, held in Chicago, Ill. See also p 2856. The meeting, sponsored by the American Medical Association, was designed "to stimulate research, not rehash editorial opinion," says congress director Drummond Rennie, MD, Deputy Editor (West),<i>JAMA</i>, Chicago, Ill. "We are looking closely for information we can put into practice" to improve "and, if necessary, reinvent" medical journals, says George D. Lundberg, MD, Editor,<i>JAMA</i>. <h3>Need for Standards</h3> Despite Rennie's call to focus on research, calls for establishing standards peppered the meeting. Speakers cited a need for clear statements of the types of reasons papers are rejected, what is expected from reviewers, how