tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diarrheal deaths in the United States, 1979 through 1987. A special problem for the elderly
Authors: J. F. Lew
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.—</h3> Diarrhea is an important cause of death among young children in both developing and developed countries, but little is known about diarrheal deaths among adults. In this study, we examined trends in diarrheal deaths among all age groups in the United States. <h3>Design/Setting/Participants.—</h3> We reviewed national mortality data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Md, which consist of information from all death certificates filed in the United States for the period 1979 through 1987. A death for which diarrhea was listed as an immediate or underlying cause was considered a "diarrheal death" and included in the analysis. <h3>Results.—</h3> We found that 28 538 persons died of diarrhea cited as either an immediate or the underlying cause of death during the 9-year period. A majority of diarrheal deaths occurred among the elderly (older than 74 years of age, 51%), followed by adults 55 to 74 years of age (27%), and young children ( younger than 5 years of age, 11%). For the elderly, adjusted risk factors for dying of diarrhea included being white, female, and residing in a long-term care facility. Only the elderly and young children had clear, distinct winter peaks of diarrheal deaths, suggesting that the diarrhea may, in part, be infectious in origin. <h3>Conclusion.—</h3> For the elderly, more directed studies of those at risk, such as nursing home residents, are needed to determine if oral rehydration therapy, vaccines, or other preventive measures might benefit this population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:3280-3284)
Today the Calf, Tomorrow Man
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
在模拟初级护理实践中用于区分良性和恶性色素病灶的光学传递诊断
Authors: D.L. Swanson, R.V. Venneugues, S.Q. Vicencio, J. Garioch, M. Biryulina, G. Ryzhikov, B. Hamre, L. Zhao, F.S. Castellana, K. Stamnes, J.J. Stamnes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

一种称为黑色素瘤的皮肤癌的发病率正不断增加。黑色素瘤的检测相当困难,尤其对于只经过有限培训(与专门研究皮肤的皮肤科医生相比)的临床医生而言,他们通常难以区分正常的痣与黑色素瘤。无创光学传递诊断(OTD)法旨在帮助筛查可能是黑色素瘤的病灶(例如痣)。这项在美国、英国和挪威开展的研究中,作者利用OTD拍摄了图像并分析了712种色素病灶(可能是痣或黑色素瘤)。专家采用名为皮肤镜的放大镜检查后发现,这其中有415种病灶是无害(即良性)的,其余297种则为疑似病灶。拍摄图像后,专家对所有的疑似痣都进行了活体取样并在显微镜下检查组织样本。在上述疑似病灶中,有80种在活体取样检查中被证实为癌症(其中64种为黑色素瘤,其余16种则为其他皮肤癌)。OTD将80种癌症病灶中的1种误诊为良性。如果在深入研究中得到证实(尤其在实际的初级护理环境中),OTD技术的使用很可能可以帮助医生减少转诊到皮肤科医生、切除术(手术切除病灶)或活体取样检查的次数,同时也降低了成本。后续的深入研究计划筛查初级护理(例如GP)环境中的患者,并将OTD的结果与病理或皮肤镜检查的金标准进行比较。
Reply
Authors: Michelle Martinot-Peignoux, Tarik Asselah, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read, with interest, the letter of Kanda et al. regarding our article.1 As you know, the primary end-point of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is achieving sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable HCV-RNA in serum 24 weeks after stopping antiviral therapy. SVR is equivalent to viral eradication and is associated with a reduction in the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.2 Recently, it has been proposed that a 12-week post-treatment follow-up might be as relevant as 24 weeks to determine the SVR in patients with HCV receiving pegylated-interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin.3 In our study, 573 patients who received combination PEG-IFN and ribavirin and had a virological response at the end of treatment were evaluated. Serum HCV-RNA was measured, using a new assay based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), with a lowest detection limit of 5-10 IU/mL, at week (W)+12 and W+24 after the end of treatment. At the W+24 post-treatment follow-up, 408 (71%) patients had an SVR, 181 (71.2%) were treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2a and ribavirin, and 227 (71.1%) were treated with PEG-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin. At W+12, serum HCV-RNA was undetectable in 409 patients, and 408 patients were SVR (positive predictive value [PPV]: 99.7%; 95% confidence interval: 99.1-100). These results show that the assessment of serum HCV-RNA 12 weeks after the end of treatment, using the highly sensitive TMA assay (PPV: 99.7%), is as relevant as after 24 weeks to predict SVR, suggesting a new definition for SVR.3 Kandas et al. discussed these results, reporting on 2 relapsers at W+24 who were undetectable at W+12.1 However, they used, for HCV-RNA measure, the Cobas TaqMan HCV test assay with a limit of detection of 15 UI/mL (1.2 log). In our study, we used the TMA assay, the most sensitive assay with a limit of detection lower than 5 UI/mL (0.7 log).4-6 Our results were confirmed by an independent group.7 Furthermore, this independent group also observed, during week 12 of follow-up, that HCV-RNA testing, using assays less sensitive, provided reliable estimates of SVR to PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy in naïve patients. In the future, a better understanding of mechanisms of response to PEG-IFN and ribavirin will be mandatory.8 Also, using direct-acting antivirals, earlier knowledge of treatment outcome would be useful.9 Our proposal for a new definition of SVR (i.e., 12-week post-treatment follow-up), studied with PEG-IFN and ribavirin treatment, will have to be assessed with a future treatment regimen. Michelle Martinot-Peignoux*, Tarik Asselah*, Patrick Marcellin*, * Hepatology Department, INSERM U773, CRB3, University of Paris Diderot, AP-HP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France.
Donor pool may rise as screening blood test falls
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THOUSANDS OF NEW volunteer blood donors may be added to increase the dangerously low national pool as soon as blood banks are able to review and put into effect a recent recommendation from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). One screening test for hepatitis B core antigen in the blood of potential donors has outlived its usefulness and should be discontinued, a panel of experts convened by the NIH last month concluded. Use of the alanine transaminase (ALT) test (also known as alanine aminotransferase) as a tool for identifying blood that may transmit posttransfusion non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis began during 1986 and 1987. It was introduced by blood banks acting largely on a recommendation made in 1985 by an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration. Lacking a direct means of detecting NANB hepatitis virus, blood banks used the liver enzyme—measuring test as a surrogate marker for the virus's
4th International Congress The Royal College of Physicians, London, UK. 1st-3rd December 2005
Authors: N Deguchi, T Kawamura, A Shimizu, R Kitamura, M Yanagi, N Shibagaki, H Matsue, S Shimada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article 4th International Congress The Royal College of Physicians, London, UK. 1st–3rd December 2005 Get access British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue s1, 1 May 2006, Pages i–vii, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07279.x Published: 01 May 2006
The Shooting of the President.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why search and research?
Authors: C. D. Leake
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This discussion of why we should and do search and research may appear circuitous, but it is planned. Considering first the neurochemical factors underlying the urge to search, which contribute to the physiological basis of satisfaction, it will then survey the significance of purposes and goals and how verifiable knowledge makes long-range individual and social satisfactions possible. After a brief view of the interrelations of the sciences and the humanities, we may proceed to examine the changing goals of the health endeavor. With these perspectives of the organizational levels of living material and their importance, we can comment on the great potential the Institute for Biomedical Research holds for the American Medical Association, its members, and perhaps for all mankind. Quite an intellectual journey, it is true, but, with tolerance for lack of detail, perhaps a painless and rewarding one. <h3>Neurochemical Factors in Search and Satisfaction</h3> "Why research?" is a
Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer undergoing surgery.
Authors: Helen Perry Knight, Carolyn L. Qian, Emilia R. Kaslow-Zieve, Chinenye C. Azoba, Cristina R. Ferrone, Hiroko Kunitake, Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo, Michael Lanuti, Motaz Qadan, Rocco Ricciardi, Keith D. Lillemoe, Esteban Franco-Garcia, Terrence A. O'Malley, Vicki A. Jackson, Joseph A. Greer, Areej El-Jawahri, Jennifer S. Temel, Ryan David Nipp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e24032 Background: Older adults with GI cancer often experience poor surgical outcomes, yet little is known about their PROs, such as physical function, quality of life (QOL), and physical and psychological symptom burden. Methods: As part of a randomized trial of perioperative geriatric care, we prospectively enrolled older adults with GI cancer planning to undergo surgical resection. We asked patients preoperatively to self-report their physical function (ability to perform activities of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental ADLs [IADLs], higher scores indicate better functioning), QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30, higher scores indicate better QOL), symptom burden (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS], higher scores indicate more severe symptoms, scores &gt; 3 considered moderate/severe [mod/sev]), and depression symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS], higher scores indicate more severe symptoms, scores &gt; 4 represent a positive screen for depression). We used regression models to identify patient characteristics associated with these PROs. We also explored relationships among PROs and surgical outcomes (receiving planned surgery, postoperative readmissions, and survival). Results: We enrolled 160 of 221 (72.4%) patients approached. A minority of patients were independent in all ADLs (5.2%) and IADLs (47.7%). Patients reported an average of 2.56 mod/sev ESAS symptoms, and 27.7% screened positive for depression, with 53.1% reporting at least one comorbidity. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with impaired ADLs (B = -0.63, P &lt; .01) and lower QOL (EORTC: B = -2.74, P = .03). For surgical outcomes, patients with better physical function were more likely to receive their planned surgery (ADLs: OR = 1.21, P = .02; IADLS: OR = 1.30, P = .03). Higher QOL correlated with greater odds of receiving planned surgery (EORTC: OR = 1.03, P = .06), but this did not reach statistical significance. A higher number of mod/sev ESAS symptoms was associated with greater postoperative readmission risk within 90 days of surgery (HR = 1.13, P = .03). Better physical function was associated with better postoperative survival (ADLs: HR = 0.87, P = .02; IADLs: HR = 0.73, P &lt; .01), and higher depression scores correlated with worse survival (GDS: HR = 1.13, P = .02). Conclusions: Older adults with GI cancer often have baseline functional limitations and a high physical and psychological symptom burden, all of which are associated with worse surgical outcomes. Future work should study whether addressing preoperative PROs could improve older patients’ surgical outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT02810652 .
THE RATION OF THE VOLUNTEER SOLDIER.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addiction Medicine
Authors: John E. Franklin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The health care debates of 1993 highlight the need for better knowledge of service utilization patterns, treatment effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of health care. Addiction medicine will be increasingly challenged to provide highquality, cost-effective treatments to maximize the effectiveness of health care expenditures in this area. Updated 1-year prevalence data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program report that specialists in mental and addictive disorders provide treatment for 5.9% of the US population, and only 28.5% of people with mental or addictive disorders seek treatment.<sup>1</sup>Over 30 million persons are uninsured in this country. A significant percentage of alcohol and drug abusers fall into this category. The extent to which addiction treatment services would be available in a climate of managed competition is unclear and concerning. Few studies specifically address cost-effectiveness of treatment. Goodman et al,<sup>2</sup>in an analysis of short-term treatment costs, highlighted the complexity of cost analysis research
Intraocular Pressure, Aqueous Outflow and Glaucoma at Altitude
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Pocket Guide to Medical Life Assurance.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Late traumatic dislocation of the radial head
Authors: O. E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Arthur L. Boland: An 8-year-old boy was seen during consultation for a deformity of the right elbow. Three years earlier, the patient had been treated for a fracture of the midshaft of the right ulna. The forearm, reportedly, was held in a long arm plaster cast for three weeks. Soon after removal of the cast, the parents noted a prominence about the right elbow. It was their impression now that the deformity was becoming worse. The child appeared slender, pleasant, and alert. Normal findings were encountered in the general physical examination. The patient had 25° of cubitus valgus in the right elbow, compared with 10° in the left. Supination of the forearm was limited to 45° on the right. The remaining motions of the upper extremity joints were within normal range. The right radial head appeared to be dislocated anteriorly. There was no impairment of neurological or circulatory function.
The relationship between quality of life and nutritional status in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: S. Williams, D. Gupta, R. D. Levin, C. A. Lammersfeld, S. Hoffman, P. G. Vashi, J. F. Grutsch, T. Wodek, C. G. Lis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3697 Background: Recently, there has been an increasing awareness about the role of Quality of Life (QoL) in advanced cancer. As a result, QoL measurements are increasingly being incorporated into clinical oncology practice. Nutritional intervention has been hypothesized to have a positive impact on QoL in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, however, little is known about the relationship between nutritional status and QoL. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between baseline nutritional status and QoL in advanced colorectal cancer. Methods: We examined a case series of 30 histologically confirmed stages III-IV colorectal cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America® at Midwestern Regional Medical Center between March 2001 and January 2003. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), a validated nutritional assessment tool in clinical oncology. QoL was evaluated using the EORTC QLQ-C30 (EORTC) and the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index (QLI). The mean scores for all QoL domains were compared across the two classes of nutritional status using Analysis of Variance. Results: Twenty-one (70%) patients were identified as well nourished and nine (30%) as moderately malnourished by the SGA. The mean scores in well-nourished patients were higher (suggesting better function) than those in malnourished patients for most QoL functional domains in both EORTC and QLI. The results achieved statistical significance (at p<=0.10) for role and social function (p=0.046 and 0.069 respectively) in EORTC and family function (p=0.023) in QLI. Similarly, the mean scores in malnourished patients were higher (suggesting worse symptoms) than those in well-nourished patients for most symptom scales in EORTC. The results achieved statistical significance for pain (0.079) and appetite loss (0.022). Conclusions: This study suggests that malnutrition in advanced colorectal cancer is associated with poor QoL for some functional and symptom domains. Future studies with larger sample sizes should focus on evaluating the impact of nutritional intervention on the QoL outcomes of these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pyridostigmine used as a nerve agent pretreatment under wartime conditions
Authors: J. R. Keeler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the adverse effects of pretreatment with pyridostigmine bromide for nerve agent exposure during wartime. <h3>Design.</h3> —A retrospective study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Southwest Asia. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Personnel who provided medical support to the XVIII Airborne Corps. These medical officers supplied information pertaining to symptoms and disposition of 41 650 soldiers who received pyridostigmine at the onset of hostilities of Operation Desert Storm. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Pyridostigmine bromide, 30 mg orally, was self-administered every 8 hours while under the threat of nerve agent attack (for 1 to 7 days). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Physiologic changes attributable to pyridostigmine that resulted in need for medical attention, discontinuation of the drug, hospitalization, and/or evacuation from Southwest Asia. <h3>Results.</h3> —About half of the population noted physiologic changes that were not incapacitating, such as increased flatus, abdominal cramps, soft stools, and urinary urgency. Approximately 1% of the soldiers believed they had effects that warranted medical attention, but fewer than 0.1% had effects sufficient to discontinue the drug. Nonincapacitating symptoms often occurred; however, military mission performance was not impaired. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —While under the threat of nerve agent attack, pyridostigmine can be administered to virtually all soldiers. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:693-695)
Erratum
Authors: S. Piantadosi, W. P. McGuire
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Owing to an editing error, studies are cited incorrectly in the text and in legends to Figs. 2 and 3. The authors intended to refer to the studies as they appear in numerical order in Table 1 as 18, 20, and 26. Those studies are annotated in the Torri et al. reference list as references 35, 37, and 43, respectively. The Journal regrets the error.