tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chamber of Commerce Cholera Report, New York.—
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action
Authors: R. E. Study
Journal: JAMA (1982)

BENZODIAZEPINES are in common clinical use because they possess a fortunate combination of important therapeutic properties. They are effective in the treatment of two common clinical conditions—anxiety and insomnia—and they are useful in the treatment of seizure disorders and certain kinds of spasticity as well. In addition to these therapeutic actions, these drugs lack significant side effects outside of the CNS and have low toxicity, factors that have contributed to their widespread clinical use. Since the introduction of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium) in 1960, research into the cellular mechanisms of benzodiazepine action has increased in parallel with the use of these agents. In this review, some recent advances in elucidating the mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines in the CNS are described. The principal lines of basic research on benzodiazepines fall into two general categories: biochemical and electrophysiological. Although they will be discussed separately, they represent complementary strategies for achieving a comprehensive
Abstract 269: Epicardial Deletion of Myocardin-related Transcription Factors Prevent Pathological Cardiac Remodeling After Ischemic Injury
Authors: Pearl J Quijada, Michael A Trembley, Lissette Velasquez, Ronald Dirkx, Eric M Small
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Epicardium-derived progenitor cell (EPDC) activation after injury is a cardio-restorative mechanism in the zebrafish heart, but this response is limited in adult mammals. Identification of mechanisms that regulate adult EPDC function is critical to enhance epicardium-mediated cardiac repair. We previously found that myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) regulate EPDC mobilization and coronary vessel maturation during development. Adult mice lacking both MRTF-A and -B in the epicardium (DKO) were evaluated at baseline and after myocardial infarction (MI) in this study. In non-injured DKO hearts, MRTF expression is reduced in epicardium-derived lineages such as fibroblasts and pericytes, but is unchanged in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. DKO mice display increased cellular retention in the epicardium as compared to wildtype mice (WT), consistent with observations during embryonic development. While WT mice demonstrate a decline in cardiac function after MI, ejection fraction is preserved in DKO mice, which also display reduced fibrotic scarring and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In order to determine the expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes in epicardial-derived lineages, we isolated CD31-NG2+PDGFRβ+ (pericytes), CD31-NG2-PDGFRβ- (fibroblasts) and CD31+ (endothelial cells) populations from sham and 7-day post-MI hearts. Postn (11-fold), Col1a1 (4-fold), Col3a1 (4.8-fold) and Acta2 (5-fold) are similarly activated in pericyte and fibroblast populations after MI. Of note, pericytes express abundant levels of fibronectin (38-fold vs. 16-fold in fibroblasts) and pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β (41-fold vs 12-fold in fibroblasts) suggesting that pericytes may also contribute to inflammation and fibrosis after cardiac injury. Indeed, NG2+ pericytes are dramatically reduced in remote (5-fold) and damaged regions (3.3-fold) of DKO hearts compared to WT. From this data, we hypothesize that MRTF deletion alters pro-migratory and fibrotic gene programs and reduces inflammatory signals in EPDCs decreasing the presence of scar and improving cardiac function after ischemic injury.
THE DISINFECTION OF PAPER MONEY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of passive smoking and tobacco exposure through breast milk on sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: H. S. Klonoff-Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and smoking during pregnancy; postnatal tobacco smoke exposure from the mother, father, live-in adults, and day care providers; and postnatal smoke exposure from breast-feeding. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Five counties in Southern California. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 200 white, African-American, Hispanic, and Asian parents of infants who died of SIDS between 1989 and 1992 were compared with 200 control parents who delivered healthy infants. Case infants were matched to control infants on the basis of birth hospital, birth date, gender, and race. All information was obtained from a detailed telephone interview and validated with medical records. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Risk of SIDS associated with passive smoking by the mother, father, live-in adults, and day care providers; smoking in the same room as the infant; total number of cigarettes smoked by all adults; and maternal smoking during the time period of breast-feeding. <h3>Results.</h3> —Conditional logistic regression resulted in overall adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for SIDS associated with passive smoke from the mother of 2.28, the father of 3.46, other live-in adults of 2.18, and all sources of 3.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 6.75), while simultaneously adjusting for birth weight, sleep position, prenatal care, medical conditions at birth, breast-feeding, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. A dose-response effect was noted for SIDS associated with increasing numbers of cigarettes, as well as total number of smokers. Breast-feeding was protective for SIDS among nonsmokers (OR=0.37) but not smokers (OR=1.38), when adjusting for potential confounders. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Passive smoking in the same room as the infant increases the risk for SIDS. Physicians should educate new and prospective parents about the risks of tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy and the first year of the infant's life. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:795-798)
In vivo comparison of levothyroxine preparations
Authors: A. Ramos-Gabatin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Two brands of levothyroxine sodium (Levothroid and Synthroid) were found not to be bioequivalents. Until a more precise standardization for levothyroxine sodium preparation is available, patients should be consistently treated with one brand name preparation. Adjustment of the dosage may be necessary if the treatment is switched from one brand name preparation to another. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:203-205)
PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ALBUMINS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
S122 Outcome After Pulmonary Endarterectomy (pea): Long Term Follow-up Of The Uk National Cohort
Authors: J. Cannon, L. Su, K. Page, A. Ponnaberanam, M. Toshner, D. Taboada, K. Sheares, C. Ng, J. Dunning, S. Tsui, D. Jenkins, J. Pepke-Zaba
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a life threatening condition that historically has a poor outcome with supportive medical treatment. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the treatment of choice and offers the only chance of cure. Data on the predictors of long term survival after PEA are limited. We analysed the long-term data from the UK PEA cohort. <h3>Method</h3> All patients who underwent a PEA for CTEPH at Papworth hospital between January 1997 and December 2012 were included. Pre- and post-operative data on haemodynamics, exercise capacity, functional class and targeted PAH therapies taken were obtained from databases of the UK PH centres. The NHS spine summary care record tracking system was used for survival data and causes of death from the England and Scotland General Register Offices. The causes of death were further classified into 4 groups: 1. Post operative, 2. Right ventricular failure away from operative period, 3. Related to anticoagulation, 4. Unrelated to CTEPH e.g. malignancy. <h3>Results</h3> 880 patients underwent PEA over the 15 year period. The mean age was 57 (range 15–84) and 53% were male. 89% were in WHO functional class 3 or 4 before surgery with an mean mPAP of 47 mmHg and PVR of 830 dynes. Post surgery 84% of patients were in WHO functional class 1 or 2 and there was a reduction in the mean mPAP to 27 ± 9 mmHg and PVR to 286 ± 198 dynes/sec/cm<sup>5</sup> by 12 months (p). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was prolonged haemodynamic improvement but targeted therapy was used in 23% of patients with a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. The 10-year survival was 72% with mortality predominantly in the peri-operative period and later due to causes unrelated to CTEPH.
Occurrence and Methods of Control of Chemical Contaminants in Foods
Authors: C. Jelinek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Contamination of food by chemicals can result from their use on agricultural commodities; accidents or misuse during food handling and processing; nucler weapon testing and operation of nuclear power plants; and disposal of industrial chemicals or by-products with subsequent dispersal into the environment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as the Federal agency mainly responsible for evaluating the hazards of chemical contaminants and enforcing any established tolerance levels for them in foods, has been monitoring pesticides, industrial chemicals, metals, and radionuclides in foods in its nationwide programs for many years. In addition, FDA searches for potential contaminants among the approximately 50,000 industrial chemicals manufactured in the United States and coordinates its efforts with those of other Federal and state agencies in these investigations. The overall results of the FDA surveillance and compliance programs for chemical contaminants in foods, as well as specific examples illustrating the wide range of incidents and types of occurrences, are presented.
AMERICAN MEDICAL AID FOR RUSSIA
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulations of Hepatic g-Glutamyltranspeptidase and N-Hydroxy-N-2-Fluorenylacetamide Sulfotransferase Activities Following Treatment of Rats with a Hepatocarcinogenic Regimen: Effect of Partial Hepatectomy
Authors: Palaniswamy Vijayaraghavan, Danuta Malejka-Giganti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The feasibility of using biochemical assays of ytglutamyltranspeptidase (y-GTP) and N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide sulfotransferase (N-OH-2-FAA ST) activities to monitor the effects of treatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with a two-stage hepatocarcinogenic regimen was investigated.One week after initiation with diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg of bw), the rats were treated with 10 oral doses within 2 weeks of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) at 0.05 mmole/kg or vehicle (corn oil) at 5 ml/kg of body weight.After five doses of 2-FAA or corn oil, half of the rats in each group under- went partial (70%) hepatectomy (PH).Three days after completion of 2-FAA treatment, y-GTP activity increased approximately 8-fold in the livers of both the nonhepatectomized (-PH) and hepatectomized (+PH) groups.After 17 days, the enzyme activity decreased to the control level in the -PH group but increased 3.1-fold above the control level in the +PH group.After 31, 66, and 87 days, ytGTP activity increased only 1.4-to 2.6-fold in the -PH group, whereas that of +PH group increased 15-to 32-fold.N-OH-2-FAA ST activity, determined 3 days after completion of 2-FAA treatment, decreased by approximately 60% in the -PH and +PH groups.After 17 days, the effect of PH became evident in that the losses of N-OH-2-FAA ST activity were smaller (20%) in the -PH than in the +PH group (45.5%).After 31, 66, and 87 days, the respective decreases of 27, 29, and 41 % in the +PH group were significant.Nodules excised from the livers of the +PH group 87 days after treatment with 2-FAA showed 25% of N-OH-2-FAA ST activity of the control livers.The data suggested that early increases in ytGTP and decreases in N-OH-2-FAA ST activities, which were independent of PH, were affected by hepatic metabolism of 2-FAA.After 17 days, the presumed clearance of 2-FAA, the effect of PH was manifested in that it prevented return to control levels of both enzyme activities in 2-FAA-treated rats.The time and PH dependency of the extent of modulations of -t GTP and N-OH-2-FAA ST activities support their assays as markers of the promotion/progression of hepatocarcinogenesis. -
Assessing Potential Health Risks from Microcystin Toxins in Blue-Green Algae Dietary Supplements
Authors: Duncan J. Gilroy, Kenneth W. Kauffman, Ronald A. Hall, Xuan Huang, Fun S. Chu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The presence of blue-green algae (BGA) toxins in surface waters used for drinking water sources and recreation is receiving increasing attention around the world as a public health concern. However, potential risks from exposure to these toxins in contaminated health food products that contain BGA have been largely ignored. BGA products are commonly consumed in the United States, Canada, and Europe for their putative beneficial effects, including increased energy and elevated mood. Many of these products contain Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a BGA that is harvested from Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) in southern Oregon, where the growth of a toxic BGA, Microcystis aeruginosa, is a regular occurrence. M. aeruginosa produces compounds called microcystins, which are potent hepatotoxins and probable tumor promoters. Because M. aeruginosa coexists with A. flos-aquae, it can be collected inadvertently during the harvesting process, resulting in microcystin contamination of BGA products. In fall 1996, the Oregon Health Division learned that UKL was experiencing an extensive M. aeruginosa bloom, and an advisory was issued recommending against water contact. The advisory prompted calls from consumers of BGA products, who expressed concern about possible contamination of these products with microcystins. In response, the Oregon Health Division and the Oregon Department of Agriculture established a regulatory limit of 1 microg/g for microcystins in BGA-containing products and tested BGA products for the presence of microcystins. Microcystins were detected in 85 of 87 samples tested, with 63 samples (72%) containing concentrations > 1 microg/g. HPLC and ELISA tentatively identified microcystin-LR, the most toxic microcystin variant, as the predominant congener.
"FOOD" AND "NUTRITION"
Authors: William R. P. Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with much interest an editorial inThe Journal, February 6, entitled "A Nutritional Outlook." The movement of the editorial is clear until one reaches the last three sentences, in which the writer falls into a common error in confusing the terms "food" and "nutrition." No doubt there has been great improvement during recent years in the quality of food available, in the methods of its preparation and in the food intelligence of consumers. These facts, however, need not necessarily justify the statement made concerning possible "departures from the essentials of good nutrition." Gould's Medical Dictionary, for instance, defines "nutrition" as "the processes involved in the absorption and assimilation of those substances forming living tissue or supporting the processes of life." The French and earlier forms of the word indicate the same emphasis—concern primarily with the processes involved and not merely with the most obvious
Protein electrophoresis of diagnostic peritoneal lavage in penetrating bowel injuries
Authors: D. Bar-Or
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Protein electrophoresis was performed on the lavage effluent of dogs after isolated jejunal (N=7) or transverse colon (N=5) injuries and after sham operations (N=5). The β-globulin fraction was significantly elevated in the bowel-injured dogs as compared with the sham model. Protein electrophoresis may provide a useful diagnostic marker of hollow visceral injury. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:3199-3200)
The fat embolism syndrome
Authors: H. R. Gossling
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The fat embolism syndrome is a symptom complex of acute respiratory failure after long-bone fractures. It is thought to be caused by deposition of embolic fat within the pulmonary capillaries, resulting in a capillary leak within the lung. The source of the embolic fat appears to be marrow fat. Alterations in circulating free fatty acids, increases in fibrin split products, and increases in platelet adhesiveness have been observed to occur in this syndrome and probably play an important part in the production of the pulmonary lesion. The signs and symptoms of the syndrome are hypoxemia, tachypnea, petechiae, fever, altered sensorium, and chest roentgenograms similar to signs of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Early recognition is facilitated by monitoring of arterial blood gas levels for hypoxemia. Treatment is directed at ARDS using graduated oxygen therapy and steroids. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2740-2742, 1979)
Determination of the drug sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: K. H. Rieckmann
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Chloroquine-resistant infections of malaria are prevalent in many areas of Southeast Asia and South America and their importation into the United States will remain a problem during the foreseeable future. The sensitivity of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>to chloroquine and other antimalarial drugs can be determined by a simple in vitro technique. It provides an expedient method for identifying drug-resistant strains and is useful in assessing the blood schizontocidal activity of some antimalarial agents. During studies with the recently solated Vietnam (Marks) strain of<i>P falciparum</i>, parasites showed a marked degree of resistance to chloroquine in vivo and in vitro, but they were significantly more susceptible to amodiaquine. The findings suggest that some<i>P falciparum</i>infections resistant to chloroquine may respond more favorably to treatment with another 4-aminoquinoline.
Affections of the Stomach.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal