tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in zoster disease burden: a population-based cohort study to identify social determinants using linked data from the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: A. Jain, A.J. van Hoek, J.L. Walker, H.J. Forbes, S.M. Langan, A. Root, L. Smeeth, S.L. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

This study, from a team working at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the UK, investigated a large group of patients aged 65 or over, seeing a GP between 2003 and 2013 who had experienced an attack of shingles (herpes zoster) during this period. The source of the information was an anonymised data base known as the Clinical Practice Research Data link which records information from many general practices in England. The data was obtained before the introduction of the zoster (shingles) vaccine in the UK. Amongst over 37,000 patients with shingles there was a higher rate of infection in those living in care homes, in females and in non‐migrants or in those with white ethnicity as well as those living alone. There were slightly fewer cases of shingles in those living in deprived circumstances. Although patients taking treatments that reduced the overall level of immunity were more likely to develop shingles, diabetic patients were not. The authors suggest that it might be helpful to promote immunization in some of these groups, such as those living in care homes.
The Hospice Movement-Reply
Authors: John P. Callan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Finances, a reality of life and death, were only one area addressed in my editorial. However, it seems more than a coincidence that when the US government announced it was contemplating offering aid to hospices, the number of organizations calling themselves hospices doubled. While it may be argued that Americans are too cost conscious, it is widely held in England that fiscal inadequacy is the reason British hospitals are "overcrowded" and "understaffed." The United States, as noted in my editorial, has no shortage of hospital beds; thus, pressures on the British health care system are different from those pressures on ours, making hospices appear more relevant there than here.
Acute myoglobinuria associated with type A2 (Hong Kong) influenza
Authors: N. M. Simon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 27-year-old man developed acute myoglobinuria with renal failure following an infection of type A2 (Hong Kong) influenza virus, an association not previously reported. Other respiratory infections in the past also appeared to precipitate myoglobinuria of a less severe degree.
Global, regional and national burden of rheumatoid arthritis 1990–2017: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2017
Authors: Saeid Safiri, Ali Asghar Kolahi, Damian Hoy, Emma Smith, Deepti Bettampadi, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Ahad Ashrafi-Asgarabad, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mostafa Qorbani, Gary Collins, Anthony D Woolf, Lyn March, Marita Cross
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

Objectives To provide the level and trends of prevalence, incidence and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017 by age, sex, Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite of sociodemographic factors) and Healthcare Access and Quality (an indicator of health system performance) Index. Methods Data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2017 were used. GBD 2017 modelled the burden of RA for 195 countries from 1990 to 2017, through a systematic analysis of mortality and morbidity data to estimate prevalence, incidence and DALYs. All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population, with uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results Globally, the age-standardised point prevalence and annual incidence rates of RA were 246.6 (95% UI 222.4 to 270.8) and 14.9 (95% UI 13.3 to 16.4) in 2017, which increased by 7.4% (95% UI 5.3 to 9.4) and 8.2% (95% UI 5.9 to 10.5) from 1990, respectively. However, the age-standardised rate of RA DALYs per 100 000 population was 43.3 (95% UI 33.0 to 54.5) in 2017, which was a 3.6% (95% UI −9.7 to 0.3) decrease from the 1990 rate. The age-standardised prevalence and DALY rates increased with age and were higher in females; the rates peaked at 70–74 and 75–79 age groups for females and males, respectively. A non-linear association was found between age-standardised DALY rate and SDI. The global age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 1990 to 2012 but then increased and reached higher than expected levels in the following 5 years to 2017. The UK had the highest age-standardised prevalence rate (471.8 (95% UI 428.9 to 514.9)) and age-standardised incidence rate (27.5 (95% UI 24.7 to 30.0)) in 2017. Canada, Paraguay and Guatemala showed the largest increases in age-standardised prevalence rates (54.7% (95% UI 49.2 to 59.7), 41.8% (95% UI 35.0 to 48.6) and 37.0% (95% UI 30.9 to 43.9), respectively) and age-standardised incidence rates (48.2% (95% UI 41.5 to 55.1), 43.6% (95% UI 36.6 to 50.7) and 36.8% (95% UI 30.4 to 44.3), respectively) between 1990 and 2017. Conclusions RA is a major global public health challenge. The age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates are increasing, especially in countries such as Canada, Paraguay and Guatemala. Early identification and treatment of RA is vital especially among females, in order to reduce the ongoing burden of this condition. The quality of health data needs to be improved for better monitoring of disease burden.
Incorrect Wording in Results Section and Data in Tables 3 and 4
Authors: A Washington
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Roger Zemek, MD; Nick Barrowman, PhD; Stephen B. Freedman, MDCM, MSc; Jocelyn Gravel, MD; Isabelle Gagnon, PhD; Candice McGahern, BA; Mary Aglipay, MSc; Gurinder Sangha, MD; Kathy Boutis, MD; Darcy Beer, MD; William Craig, MDCM; Emma Burns, MD; Ken J. Farion, MD; Angelo Mikrogianakis, MD; Karen Barlow, MD; Alexander S. Dubrovsky, MDCM, MSc; Willem Meeuwisse, MD, PhD; Gerard Gioia, PhD; William P. Meehan III, MD; Miriam H. Beauchamp, PhD; Yael Kamil, BSc; Anne M. Grool, MD, PhD, MSc; Blaine Hoshizaki, PhD; Peter Anderson, PhD; Brian L. Brooks, PhD; Keith Owen Yeates, PhD; Michael Vassilyadi, MDCM, MSc; Terry Klassen, MD; Michelle Keightley, PhD; Lawrence Richer, MD; Carol DeMatteo, MSc; Martin H. Osmond, MDCM; for the Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Concussion Team
Combined Effects of Obesity and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Dyspnea and Exercise Tolerance
Authors: J. Ora, P. Laveneziana, D. Ofir, A. Deesomchok, K. A. Webb, D. E. O'Donnell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Severity of lung hyperinflation is known to influence the extent of dyspnea and exercise intolerance among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with similar degrees of airway obstruction. Lung volume components are consistently affected by body mass index (BMI) in health and in disease.Objectives: To explore the complex interactions between obesity, lung hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise performance in COPD.Methods: We compared dyspnea intensity ratings and ventilatory responses (breathing pattern, operating lung volumes, and gas exchange) during symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise in well-characterized groups of 18 obese (mean BMI ± SD, 35 ± 4 kg/m2) and 18 normal-weight (mean BMI ± SD, 22 ± 2 kg/m2) patients with moderate to severe COPD.Measurements and Main Results: Groups were well matched for FEV1 (mean 49% predicted) and diffusing capacity (means >70% predicted), but resting lung hyperinflation (end-expiratory lung volume [EELV]) was significantly reduced in association with increasing BMI (P < 0.005). In the obese patients, peak symptom-limited oxygen uptake was increased (P < 0.01) and dyspnea ratings at a standardized ventilation were decreased (P < 0.01) compared with normal-weight patients. Ratings of dyspnea intensity at a standardized ventilation during exercise correlated well with the concurrent dynamic EELV/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (r = 0.68; P < 0.00001) and with the resting EELV/TLC (r = 0.67; P < 0.00001).Conclusions: The combined mechanical effects of obesity and COPD reduced operating lung volumes at rest and throughout exercise with favorable influences on dyspnea perception and peak oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry.
Impact of Missed Opportunities to Vaccinate Preschool-Aged Children on Vaccination Coverage Levels—Selected U.S. Sites, 1991-1992
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of New Nonrandom Translocations in Multiple Myeloma With Multicolor Spectral Karyotyping
Authors: Jeffrey R. Sawyer, Janet L. Lukacs, Nikhil Munshi, K. Raman Desikan, Seema Singhal, Jayesh Mehta, David Siegel, John Shaughnessy, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (1998)
Rhododendrons, mountain laurel, and mad honey
Authors: K. F. Lampe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

One of the earliest reports of poisoning was the mass intoxication that resulted from the ingestion of honey produced from the nectar of<i>Rhododendron ponticum</i>, which was described by Xenophon in the anabasis during the expedition of Cyrus in 401BC near Trebizond (today's Trabzon): The number of bee hives was extraordinary, and all of the soldiers that ate of the honey combs lost their senses, vomited, and were affected with purging, and none of them was able to stand upright; such as had eaten only a little were like men greatly intoxicated, and such as had eaten much were like mad men and some like persons at the point of death. They lay upon the ground, in consequence, in great numbers, as if there had been a defeat; and there was general dejection. The next day, no one of them was found dead; and they recovered their senses about the
Orals
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

B-cell repopulation postrituximab can be considered a forerunner of clinical relapse.Immunologically guided dosing will obviate the need of top-up dosing at fixed time points and thus may be more cost-effective and safer.Moreover, ultralow-dose rituximab (200 mg) has been found to be effective in other diseases, but has not so far been studied in pemphigus.This study aimed to compare the overall efficacy and cost-effectiveness of low-dose rituximab with immunologically guided ultra-low-dose top-up infusions and conventional rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protocol with repeat infusion upon clinical relapse in patients with severe pemphigus over a 1year period.This was a randomized, noninferiority trial, with 20 patients with severe pemphigus [Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) > 25] randomized into two groups.Group A received rituximab as per the RA protocol, while group B received a low-dose regimen (two doses of 500 mg injection, 2 weeks apart).All patients received short-term oral corticosteroids tapered over 3-6 months.They were followed clinically and immunologically for 1 year, with a 3-monthly assessment of five different B-cell subtypes.Patients in group A received a repeat dose of 500 mg rituximab upon clinical relapse, while those in group B received an ultra-low dose of 200 mg upon B-cell repopulation with the intention to prevent clinical relapse.The primary endpoints were time to achieve clinical remission off therapy (CROT) and time to relapse.Total cumulative dose and duration of corticosteroids, and overall direct cost of therapy (rituximab cost, investigation cost, hospital admission charges) were also compared.We recruited 18 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and two with pemphigus foliaceus.Baseline demographic profile, PDAI scores (P = 0.4) and CD19 levels (P = 0.09) were comparable between the groups.In group A, seven of 10 patients had complete remission, two had partial remission and one died owing to secondary sepsis.In group B, all patients achieved complete remission.Time to CROT [group A: 6.1 AE 0.7 months; group B: 5.8 AE 0.6 months (P = 0.1)] were comparable.Eight of 10 (80%) patients in group B showed immunological relapse indicated by CD19 + B-cell repopulation at 8 AE 2.5 months, in whom a single ultra-low dose of 200 mg rituximab could successfully prevent clinical relapse.Three of 10 (30%) patients in group A had a clinical relapse at 9.8 AE 2months.The side-effect profile and total cumulative dose and duration of steroids were comparable [group A: 2918 AE 1040 mg for 4.8 AE 0.8 months; group B: 2486 AE 1413.8mg for 4.6 AE 1.8 months (P = 0.3)].Overall cost of treatment was 30% lower in group B. Thus, low-dose immunologically guided protocol of rituximab is a noninferior, safer and cheaper alternative to the conventional RA dose in PV.Even an ultra-low dose of 200 mg, administered at immunological relapse in the low-dose group, can effectively deplete B cells and prevent clinical relapse.
City of Chicago Second Annual Report of the Civil Service Commission to His Honor, the Mayor, for the year ending Dec. 31, 1896.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PARAGUAY TEA.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Thomas H. Hostetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

"Is there any point to which you would wish to draw my attention?""To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time.""The dog did nothing in the night-time.""That was the curious incident," remarked Sherlock Holmes."Silver Blaze" by A. Conan DoyleRelating structure to function is a central project of studies in physiology and pathophysiology. In early insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, such a relation has been reassuringly present. The glomerular filtration rate is elevated, and the kidney size is increased. This same agreement obtains in patients with other hyperfiltering states, such as pregnant women and persons with a . . .
Quantitative liver function tests as surrogate markers for end-points in controlled clinical trials: A retrospective feasibility study
Authors: E Lotterer
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Quantitative liver function tests such as the determination of galactose elimination capacity (GEC) or the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) may have the potential to serve as refined entry criteria and surrogate markers for end-points in controlled clinical trials. The magnitude of a statistically detectable difference in test results and the period of observation required to document such a difference must be known to properly design such trials. Therefore, we explored retrospectively the time course of changes in GEC and ABT and their reproducibility from a cohort of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis followed for 12 to 42 months, with a median of 34 months. In 15 patients who stopped drinking, GEC improved significantly by 0.64 mg/min/kg within 1 year (mean; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42; 0.86). In contrast, it deteriorated by 0.53 mg/min/kg within 1 year (95% CI: 0.32; 0.74) in another 17 patients who continued to drink (P < .01). The residual standard deviation of the changes in GEC with respect to the patients' initial values was 0.43 mg/min/kg (95% CI: 0.32; 0.52). In addition, ABT improved significantly by 0.14% dose · kg/mmol CO2 (95% CI: 0.09; 0.18) in the abstinent group, and deteriorated by 0.09% dose · kg/mmol CO2 (95% CI: 0.06; 0.13) in the nonabstinent group (P < .01). The residual standard deviation in the above sense for ABT was 0.08% dose · kg/mmol CO2 (95% CI: 0.06; 0.10). These data indicate that clinical trials with a sample size of n = 20 in each group must achieve absolute differences (ADs) in GEC of 0.6 mg/min/kg and of 0.7 mg/min/kg to reach statistical significance at the 5% and 1% level, respectively. In the present study, a period of 11 and 12 months was necessary to observe such differences. The corresponding results for the ABT are 0.11% dose · kg/mmol CO2 (9 months of follow- up; 5% level) and 0.13% dose · kg/mmol CO2 (11 months of observation; 1% level), respectively. Provided that patients with liver diseases treated with drugs are similar to the abstinent and nonabstinent patients with alcoholic liver disease investigated in this study, such numbers could serve for the planning of controlled clinical trials, in which the control group is likely to deteriorate and the treated group is expected to improve. Trials based on GEC or ABT would require only 37 or 30 patient years of observation compared with a median of 444 patient years (range, 50-2,100 patient years) reported for various published controlled clinical trials using survival analysis.
Physostigmine reversal of cimetidine--induced mental confusion
Authors: S. R. Mogelnicki
Journal: JAMA (1979)

CIMETIDINE, a specific histamine H<sub>2</sub>receptor antagonist, is gaining a prominent role in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the prevention of stress ulceration in critically ill patients. Except for reversible depression of renal function, minimal adverse effects have been associated with its use. However, several recent reports linking mental confusion and cimetidine therapy have appeared.<sup>1,2</sup>Use of physostigmine salicylate to reverse this confusion has not been reported. The following is a description of two patients, critically ill after open heart surgery, who became increasingly obtunded during cimetidine therapy. After treatment with physostigmine or withdrawal of cimetidine, their alertness returned. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 58-year-old, 60-kg man had an acute myocardial infarction, ruptured ventricular septum, congestive heart failure, and severe pulmonary edema. His other medical problems included prerenal azotemia, hepatomegaly, and history of peptic ulcer disease. After two weeks of intensive medical therapy, including intraaortic
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, March 1 to April 1, 1968
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, March 1 to April 1, 1968 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 40, Issue 5, May 1968, Pages 1133–1134, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/40.5.1133-a Published: 01 May 1968
Interferons
Authors: Monto Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Kinetic Consideration of Interferon ActionIn addition to looking at the site at which inferieron acts in the intracellular cycle of infection, and the effect of interferon on the metabolism of cells, one can study the relations between degree of inhibition and the concentration of interferon used to treat cells, as well as the duration of treatment. Some consideration of such dose–response relations is essential to any effective definition of a measure or titer of interferon, and a more detailed examination may yield information concerning the kinetics of cell-interferon interaction. The concepts of interferon titers and then the kinetic relations . . .
TULAREMIA
Authors: Samuel O. Freedlander
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The four cases reported here are the first to be reported from this vicinity. Two of the cases emphasize the fact that the patient may first present himself to the physician long after the acute febrile stage, complaining only of tender swellings along the course of the lymphatics or in the lymph glands. All the cases were verified by agglutination tests done at the Hygienic Laboratory, Washington, D. C. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —E. D., a white man, aged 40, employed as a market man, handled, among other things, wild rabbits, which he dressed himself. The patient complained of not feeling well, Dec. 7, 1925, and went to bed the next day. At this time he had fever, chills and sweats, headache, and severe pains in the back. There was pain in both axillae. Prostration was fairly marked. The temperature was 103 F.; the pulse, 84. The throat was moderately injected,