tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
3A: When and who to give anti-H. pylori treatment
Authors: G Manes1, J Dominguez-Munoz, G Uomo', T Gigliotti, H Malaty, J Kim, D Graham, D Graham, L S0ndergard, A Lassen, O Schaffalitzky De Muckadell
Journal: Gut (1996)

Long term inhibition of gastric acid secretion for ulcer disease is still a frequent therapeutical approach, even after a successful H. pylori eradication, in patients who still report dyspeptic symptoms.Aim of the study was to analyze whether this therapy influences the rate of H. pylori reinfection and ulcer recurrence after successful eradication.Patients and methods: 66 pa- tients with duodenal ulcer and H. pylori associated gastritis were randomly assigned to a 12 months maintenance treatment with ranitidine 150 mg daily (group A) and no treatment (group B), after successful eradication (amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. and omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. for 14 days).Follow-up consisted of clinical and endoscopic controls with biopsies (histology for antrum and corpus, rapid urease test for antrum) every 4 months for 1 year or more often if indicated by symptoms.Results: 6 patients, 3 for each group, were lost at follow up.H. pylori reinfection occurred in 9 patients of group A (30%) (in 6 after 8 months and 3 after 12 months) and in 2 patients of group B (7%, p < 0.05) (after 8 and 12 months respectively).Duodenal ulcer recurred in one patients of group A (3%) and in 2 of group B (7%, n.s.), all three patients showing a H. pylori reinfection.Erosive duodenitis was observed in further two cases of group A. In all reinfected patients of group A but in none of B we observed a corpus predominant gastritis in term of activity and chronicity scores.Conclusion: Long term treatment with ranitidine enhances H. pylori reinfection after successful eradication.These data support the hypotesis that gastric acidity not only influences the pattern of H. pylori localization in gastric mucosa, but also play a role in preventing gastric infection and/or in completing H. pylori elimination after an antimicrobial treatment.
Discord among proponents of rival allergy desensitization techniques
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of Water Use for Estimating Exposure to Tap Water Contaminants
Authors: Gayle H. Shimokura, David A. Savitz, Elaine Symanski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Epidemiological studies examining the association between exposure to tap water contaminants (such as chlorination by-products) and disease outcomes (such as cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes) have been limited by inaccurate exposure assessment. Failure to take into account the variation in beverage and tap water consumption and exposure to volatile contaminants through inhalation and dermal absorption can introduce misclassification in assessing the association between exposure to tap water contaminants and health. To refine exposure assessment of tap water contaminants, we describe in detail the tap water consumption, showering, and bathing habits of pregnant women and their male partners as assessed by a questionnaire and a 3-day water diary. We found good agreement between questionnaire and 3-day water diary values for drinking water intake (Pearson's r = 0.78) and for time spent showering(r = 0.68) and bathing (r = 0.78). Half of the participants consumed tap water on a regular basis with an overall mean +/- 1 standard deviation (SD) of 0. 78 +/- 0.51 l/day. Our results further suggest that full-time employees, compared to women working part-time or less, have more heterogeneous consumption patterns over time. Seventy-nine percent of women and 94% of men took showers for an average of 11.6 +/-4.0 min and 10.4 +/- 4.8 min, respectively. Baths were taken more frequently by women than men (21% vs. 3%) for an average of 22.9 +/-10.1 min and 21.3 +/- 12.4 min, respectively. Thus, these patterns of tap water use should be considered in the design and interpretation of environmental epidemiology studies.
Mortality in an insured population with atrial fibrillation
Authors: J. Gajewski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In a cooperative study of 3,099 life insurance applicants with atrial fibrillation (AF), 71 deaths over an average duration of 3.3 years were observed and compared with deaths expected and derived from standard insurance mortality tables. A normal mortality was observed in cases of paroxysmal AF with no other identified cardiovascular impairment. Paroxysmal AF with associated mitral stenosis or coronary disease was found to have a significantly increased mortality. Chronic AF with or without other impairments entails a much higher risk than paroxysmal AF, those cases associated with mitral stenosis showing very high excess mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1540-1544)
Mindful Practice
Authors: R M Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Mindful practitioners attend in a nonjudgmental way to their own physical and mental processes during ordinary, everyday tasks. This critical self-reflection enables physicians to listen attentively to patients' distress, recognize their own errors, refine their technical skills, make evidence-based decisions, and clarify their values so that they can act with compassion, technical competence, presence, and insight. Mindfulness informs all types of professionally relevant knowledge, including propositional facts, personal experiences, processes, and know-how, each of which may be tacit or explicit. Explicit knowledge is readily taught, accessible to awareness, quantifiable and easily translated into evidence-based guidelines. Tacit knowledge is usually learned during observation and practice, includes prior experiences, theories-in-action, and deeply held values, and is usually applied more inductively. Mindful practitioners use a variety of means to enhance their ability to engage in moment-to-moment self-monitoring, bring to consciousness their tacit personal knowledge and deeply held values, use peripheral vision and subsidiary awareness to become aware of new information and perspectives, and adopt curiosity in both ordinary and novel situations. In contrast, mindlessness may account for some deviations from professionalism and errors in judgment and technique. Although mindfulness cannot be taught explicitly, it can be modeled by mentors and cultivated in learners. As a link between relationship-centered care and evidence-based medicine, mindfulness should be considered a characteristic of good clinical practice.
Benefits of danazol treatment in patients with hemophilia A (classic hemophilia)
Authors: H. R. Gralnick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Danazol, an attenuated androgen, was given intermittently to three patients with hemophilia A. The rise in factor VIII activity with danazol treatment was associated with a fivefold decrease in hemorrhagic episodes and plasma concentrate product utilization when compared with similar periods without the drug. Four other patients with moderate hemophilia A who received danazol for 14 days had an increase of 400% to 850% in their factor VIII levels. Of four patients without detectable levels of factor VIII who were treated with danazol, two had elevations of the factor VIII level, to 3% and 4%, respectively. Danazol appears to be an effective treatment for patients with hemophilia A. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:1151-1153)
FOLFIRINOX in the real world setting: The multicentric experience of six Canadian institutions.
Authors: Carl Amireault, Jean-Pierre M. Ayoub, Julie Beaudet, Guylaine Gaudet, Richard Letourneau, Rasmy Loungnarath, Nicolas Raymond, Mustapha Ali Tehfe, Francine Aubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e15232 Background: FOLFIRINOX is a new standard for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer with good performance status. Non-randomized studies also support this regimen in locally advanced disease. This regimen is however associated with significant toxicity. The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy and toxicity outside of a clinical trial, including community hospitals. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received FOLFIRINOX between January 2011 and December 2013 in six institutions in the province of Quebec, Canada. Patients' characteristics, objective response, survival and toxicities were collected from chart review. Results: Fifty-five patients were included (30 metastatic and 25 locally advanced). Median age was 59 years. Tumor was localized at the head of pancreas in 65% of patients and 44% had a biliary stent. 85% of patients received full doses at the first cycle. Median overall survival was 14,0 months and survival at one year was 65% for metastatic patients. For locally advanced patients, median overall survival was 21,5 months and survival at one year was 89%. No one with locally advanced tumor became candidate for curative surgery after FOLFIRINOX. Hospitalization rate was 64% with sepsis being the leading cause. There were three treatment-related deaths (5%). One of them was ECOG 2 and two of them occurred after the first cycle. Neutropenia grade ≥ 3 was observed in 31% of patients and four had febrile neutropenia (7%) with 64% of patients receiving colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) for primary prophylaxis. Six patients had cholangitis (11%) and 18% had diarrhea grade ≥ 3. Conclusions: Survival for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer in our cohort is comparable with data reported by Conroy et al. The good outcome for the subgroup of patients with locally advanced pancreatic tumors also supports the use of this regimen in this population. It was however associated with a high hospitalization rate and treatment-related deaths. Our population had a higher proportion of pancreatic head tumors and could partly explain higher toxicities. These data highlight the importance of patient selection and support the universal use of G-CSF.
DIABETIC RETINITIS
Authors: Herbert Pollack
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The statement has been made that in 80 to 100 per cent of diabetic persons retinitis develops within the first twenty-five years of the onset of the hyperglycemia. The thought should be expressed that these current statistics may have little validity from the point of view of future prognosis. It must be recalled that during this past twenty-five year period we have gone through three major changes in therapy. First, no insulin, then only the unmodified insulin, and, lastly, for the past approximately ten years the protamine zinc and other long-acting insulins were available. It must further be remembered that the general public distribution of these insulins post-dates their availability. The results of therapy with protamine zinc insulin cannot as yet be tabulated, as we must await a full twenty years after its introduction. Only patients whose hyperglycemia and glycosuria have precipitated after the introduction of protamine
An Adherent Cell Perifusion Technique to Study the Overall and Sequential Response of Rat Alveolar Macrophages to Toxic Substances
Authors: Gilles Forget, Marie-Josee Lacroix, Alain Cadieux, Raymond Calvert, John H. Grose, Pierre Sirois
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Essentially pure (97%) alveolar macrophages were isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage of rats with warm (37 degrees C) PBS solution. These cells were allowed to adhere to the inside walls of open-ended glass cylinders which were closed off at each end by three-way stopcocks. The adhering cells were perifused with RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum for 18 hr at the rate of 1 mL/hr, and the effluent medium was collected automatically in 2-mL aliquots. Cell recoveries and viabilities did not differ from those found for Petri cultures treated similarly, indicating that the perifusion method under study offered an adequate milieu for short-term primary cultures. The alveolar macrophages in culture were subjected to the presence of particulate (chrysotile asbestos) and soluble (phorbol myristate) toxicants, and their response was monitored in the effluent medium by measuring the release of prostaglandins (PGE) by radioimmunoassay. A significant increase in the sequential release of PGE was observed in the presence of asbestos (100 micrograms/mL) or phorbol myristate (200 ng/mL). Treatment of the cells with indomethacin (20 microM) completely abolished the release of PGE stimulated with phorbol myristate. A cumulative response to the toxicants was also observed when cells were harvested manually from the chambers: asbestos caused a 2-fold increase in cell mortality relative to control, while phorbol myristate brought about a 3-fold increase in the number of dead cells. This effect was not prevented by the presence of indomethacin. Cell aggregation was also observed when cells were perifused in the presence of phorbol myristate, whether indomethacin was present or absent. Our results indicate that the cell perifusion system combines the advantages of conventional adherent cell cultures (viability, aggregation) with those of perifusion techniques (sequential metabolism studies).
THE FREQUENCY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN MAN
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DS02: External referrals for Mohs micrographic surgery: reject, endorse or enforce ‘in‐house review’ of histology slides?
Authors: R Abbott, R Matin, A Martin-Clavijo, A Wernham, S Ziaj, M Wootton, N Kirby, B Lloyd, E Thomas-Jones, R Cannings-John
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

The role of perioperative antibiotics in preventing surgicalsite infection (SSI) remains controversial.Ulceration is a recognized risk factor for SSI; however, the true proportion of patients who develop a SSI after excision of an ulcerated skin cancer is unknown.We undertook a prospective, multicentre, observational study with the primary aim of determining the proportion of participants with a SSI identified by a validated Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) questionnaire 4 weeks after surgery (Bluebell Study Group.Validation of the Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire for assessment of surgical-site infection in closed primary wounds after hospital discharge.BJS 2019; 106: 226-35).Secondary aims included feasibility outcomes to inform the design of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the role of perioperative antibiotics in preventing a SSI in ulcerated tumours.Participants from three dermatology skin cancer clinics were recruited before surgical excision of ulcerated skin cancers.Surface swabs of the ulcerated tumours recruited from University Hospital of Wales were undertaken to determine organism growth.Participants were invited to send electronic photographs of suspected wound infections ('wound selfies') to the study group or to attend their local dermatology department for medical photography.Four weeks after surgery, participants were emailed or posted a WHQ to determine whether they had a SSI.Between March 2019 and March 2020, 148 participants were recruited [105 males; mean (SD) age 77Á1 (12Á3) years].One hundred and six tumours were located on the head and neck; eight on the arm; 16 on the trunk; four on the upper leg; and 14 on the lower leg.The mean (SD) size of the tumours was 15Á68 (7Á30) mm and the mean size of tumoral ulceration was 9Á8 (6Á32) mm.In total, 101 surface swabs were analysed: 72 contained Gram-positive species, with 40 containing Staphylococcus aureus and 26 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; 38 swabs contained Gram-negative species, either alone or in combination with Gram-positive species; and 11 swabs showed no growth.Only three of 148 (2Á0%) had photographs taken of their wounds.Completed WHQs were returned by 116 patients (78Á4%) and 45 of these (38Á8%; 95% confidence interval 30Á4-47Á9) were identified to have
Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, United States Army.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Methadone
Authors: Vernon D. Patch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

There is much misunderstanding in this country about the use of methadone in the treatment of heroin addiction. The lay public and far too many physicians accept as fact popular newspaper accounts of "methadone madness," methadone-treated patients as "zombies" or "robots," and methadone-treatment programs as "irresponsible." Rapid changes in the use of methadone in the treatment of heroin addiction have taken place in the last few years, and the confusion seems to stem from a failure to understand or to distinguish between the old treatment, using methadone for inpatient detoxification, and the new treatments, using methadone for ambulatory detoxification, for . . .
Highlights from this issue
Authors: The Triumvirate
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The TriumvirateThe UK prime minister, Boris Johnson, has described the UK approach to local flare-ups of COVID-19 as "whack-amole".The game of "whack-a-mole", which originated in Japan, involves the player scoring points for hitting electronic moles with a virtual mallet.Each time a mole is hit, another appears, and so the game has become a byword for a futile, repetitious task where recurrence may be inevitable.In this month's issue, we play research "whack-a-mole" with repeated intervention and repetition -though hopefully without futility.
Dissecting Aneurysms in the Neck and Head
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Jean‐François Dufour
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

Dufour (Milk) Shaking the Transmission of Hepatitis EWorldwide, hepatitis E is the most frequent cause of acute viral hepatitis.In recent years, hepatitis E virus seroprevalence has been discovered to be surprisingly high: above 20% in places like the United States, France, and The Netherlands.Genotype 3, which is predominant in these regions, is found in swine, and zoonotic transmission by undercooked meat has been suggested.Huang at al. add a complete new dimension to this debate.These researchers report that 37% of Holsteins cows, which were farmed with other domestic animals, were positive for hepatitis E virus.Of greater concern, they found that fresh milk and even pasteurized milk from these cows can transmit hepatitis E virus to rhesus macaques.These findings, if confirmed, have major implications for the control of hepatitis E virus transmission.