tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention of basal cell carcinoma: reply from authors
Authors: I. Hoorens, L. Brochez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

DEAR EDITOR, The recent review discussing the value of early detection and treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) 1 does not acknowledge the potential of emerging oral chemoprophylactic agents for reducing tumour burden in patients with multiple BCCs and other forms of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).A recent phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) proposed that nicotinamide (500 mg twice daily), a vitamin B3 derivative, could reduce the incidence of NMSC in high-risk patients (those with a recent history of two or more NMSCs), with a relative reduction in the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of 30%, BCC of 20% and actinic keratoses of 13% at 12 months. 2Any benefit obtained appeared to be reversed after discontinuing the medication.Nicotinamide appeared to be well tolerated, with few side-effects reported.Celecoxib is a frequently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that inhibits cyclooxygenase 2. A RCT in which patients with 10-40 actinic keratoses (an index of photodamage) were administered celecoxib 200 mg twice daily or placebo suggested reduced incidence of NMSC in the celecoxib arm after 9 months, with relative risk of BCC of 0Á42 and SCC of 0Á40, and similar adverse event profile between the two arms. 3Omega-3 fatty acids are also purported to reduce NMSC incidence in animal models by inhibition of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced carcinogen expression, and in humans appears to abrogate UVR-induced immunosuppression and protects against UVR-induced genotoxicity. 4 When considering costeffective methods for treating BCCs, among other NMSCs, clinicians should be mindful of the possibility of using some of these seemingly less toxic, better tolerated, widely available chemoprophylatic agents in future, particularly if screening programmes were to be more widely adopted.
Meet the First Authors
Authors: Jane Mitchell, Debapriya Basu
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Vane (Nobel Laureate), who discovered prostacyclin and the mechanism of action of aspirin, and her postdoctoral training with Dr Ferid Murad (Nobel Laureate), who defined the role of soluble guanylate cyclase as the "receptor" of NO in the cardiovascular system.Since then, she has led her own research group at Imperial College London dedicated to understanding how vasoactive pathways regulate cardiovascular health and disease and retains a central interest in endothelial cells, prostacyclin, and NO.As a child, she studied plants alongside her grandfather, a coal miner and amateur botanist, who inspired her early research aspirations.Growing up in a blue-collar coal-mining town, she saw many early deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which motivated her to enter biomedical research with a specific interest in hearts, blood vessels, and lungs.As a Full Professor since age 38, and a mother of 4 children, her experiences in the highly competitive environment of world-leading academic institutions provide a strong platform for her mentoring roles as both scientific supervisor and academic advisor.
Canadian Medical Association Journal, Toronto
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do Age, Fitness and Concomitant Medications Influence Management and Outcomes of CLL Patients Treated with Ibrutinib?
Authors: Alessandra Tedeschi, Anna Maria Frustaci, Francesca Romana Mauro, Annalisa Chiarenza, Marta Coscia, Stefania Ciolli, Gianluigi Reda, Luca Laurenti, Marzia Varettoni, Roberta Murru, Claudia Baratè, Paolo Sportoletti, Antonino Greco, Chiara Borella, Valentina Rossi, Marina Deodato, Annalisa Biagi, Angelo Curto Pelle, Gianfranco Lapietra, Candida Vitale, Francesca Morelli, Ramona Cassin, Alberto Fresa, Elena Flospergher, Massimiliano Postorino, Alessio Di Prima, Roberto Cairoli, Francesco Di Raimondo, Marco Montillo, Giovanni Del Poeta
Journal: Blood (2020)
Adverse effects of amiodarone
Authors: L. E. Alves
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the opportunity of responding to Dr Alves and colleagues regarding adverse reactions during amiodarone therapy. The striking difference between their findings and ours merits clarification. Amiodarone is a compound with unique electrophysiological and pharmacokinetic properties. Its side effects develop slowly and are a function of dose as well as duration of therapy; therefore, they will ultimately develop in every patient given a fixed dose (except the smallest). The fact that the drug elimination half-life is extremely variable (16 to 65 days) in different patients makes the correlation of dose with efficacy or side effects difficult, if not impossible, to determine if duration of therapy and, hence, drug accumulation are not taken into account.<sup>1,2</sup>For this reason, the variations in efficacy and side-effect profile of the drug among different investigators is understandable. However, we are intrigued and surprised by the 57% incidence of chemical and clinical
ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CANCER*
Authors: DANIEL LASZLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 September 1950ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CANCERPart IDANIEL LASZLO, M.D., MALCOLM L. COLMER, M.D., GERSHON B. SILVER, M.D., SAMUEL STANDARD, M.D.DANIEL LASZLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MALCOLM L. COLMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERSHON B. SILVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAMUEL STANDARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-33-3-670 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis paper deals with errors in diagnosis and management of patients over varying periods of time in several hospital services. The correct diagnosis was finally achieved through the exercise of the viewpoint that nothing should be taken for granted. In reviewing these cases it became increasingly clear that the original error was one easily made, but that the continuation of that error was due to an acceptance of the original data without exploring their verity and completeness. Such errors can be avoided only by constant vigilance.The educational aspects of these cases lie in the case histories themselves. It is... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication September 21, 1949.From the Divisions of Neoplastic Diseases and Surgery of Montefiore Hospital, New York City.Work done under the Jacob H. Schiff Centennial Fund in Montefiore Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCytostaticaTHREE CALCIUM TOLERANCE TEST IN SENILE OSTEOPOROSIS*,†Medical Problems in the Management of Cancer 1 September 1950Volume 33, Issue 3Page: 670-689KeywordsExerciseSurgery Issue Published: 1 September 1950 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3733: Combined targeting of estrogen receptor alpha and nuclear transport pathways remodel metabolic pathways to induce autophagy and overcome endocrine resistance
Authors: Zeynep Madak Erdogan, Eylem Cotul-Kulkoyluoglu, Kinga Wrobel, Sunati Sahoo, Barbara Haley, Yosef Landesman
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Majority of breast cancer specific deaths in women with ERα (+) tumor occur due to metastases that are resistant to endocrine therapy. There is a critical need for novel therapeutic approaches to resensitize recurrent ERα (+) tumors to endocrine therapies. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of improved effectiveness of combined targeting of ERα and XPO1, a nuclear transport protein in overcoming endocrine resistance. Selinexor (SXR), an XPO1 antagonist, has been evaluated in multiple later stage clinical trials in patients with relapsed and /or refractory hematological and solid tumor malignancies. Using Cignalfinder to profile kinase signaling pathways, we found that 4-OH-Tam, SXR or their combination induced differential Akt phosphorylation profiles, changing the localization and activity of the kinase. Since we observed dramatic changes in Akt activity we hypothesized that metabolic profile of breast cancer cells would change in the presence of 4-OH-Tam and SXR. Using Seahorse metabolic profiler and cell viability experiments in limited media conditions we showed that tamoxifen resistant cells were more dependent on mitochondria for energy production. Their glucose and fatty acid dependency decreased in the presence of SXR and cells were more dependent on glutamine as the mitochondrial fuel source. In order to examine metabolic pathways that might result in the observed phenotype we performed transcriptomics and GC/MS whole metabolite profiling and identified aminoacid metabolism pathways to be upregulated when cells were treated with SXR+4-OH-Tam. We demonstrated that combined targeting of XPO1 and ERα rewires metabolic pathways and shuts down both glycolytic and mitochondrial pathways that would eventually lead to autophagy. Remodelling metabolic pathways to regenerate new vulnerabilities in endocrine resistant breast tumors is novel, and given the need for better strategies for improving therapy response of relapsed ERα(+) tumors, our findings show great promise for uncovering the role ERα-XPO1 crosstalk plays in reducing cancer recurrences. Citation Format: Zeynep Madak Erdogan, Eylem Cotul-Kulkoyluoglu, Kinga Wrobel, Sunati Sahoo, Barbara Haley, Yosef Landesman. Combined targeting of estrogen receptor alpha and nuclear transport pathways remodel metabolic pathways to induce autophagy and overcome endocrine resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3733.
Cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: A. H. Harken
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The most common sustained cardiac rhythm, other than sinus rhythm, is atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation results in both hemodynamic compromise and an increased risk of thromboembolism. Cox and associates<sup>1</sup>have pioneered a surgical procedure that is capable of interrupting all the potential macroreentrant circuits that could occur in the atrium. Surgical incisions are placed in such a way that it is impossible for an electrical impulse to emanate from any point in the atrium and return to the same point without crossing a suture line, which functions to interrupt conduction. Of critical importance is that the procedure provides a route by which an impulse generated by the sinoatrial node can access the atrioventricular node to drive the ventricles. Several blind alleys along this main conduction route are also created to synchronously activate the atria, thus preserving atrial transport function. The procedure, termed the maze procedure, creates a single entrance
PNEUMONIC FEVER-ITS SYMPTOMATOLOGY.
Authors: EDWARD F. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1893)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. The characteristics of the pulse in pneumonic fever are so striking that they could not escape the attention of the earliest medical observers, and we find them mentioned by Hippocrates, Aretæus, Cœlins Aurelianus, and others down to the time of Razes who made a special study of the subject. To be sure the deductions to be drawn from the phenomena observed previous to the time of Harvey must have been largely overdrawn, yet many of the facts were clearly and tersely stated. At the beginning of the attack the pulse is usually somewhat, and occasionally greatly accelerated, although in rare instances it remains normal, or even may be diminished in frequency. When the disease is once fully established, however, the almost invariable rule is for the pulse to be accelerated, ranging usually from 90 to 120 per minute. At this stage of the disease it is rare to
PTU-078 A prospective evaluation of adalimumab drug levels and anti-drug antibodies using two commercial elisa and the influence of 6-thioguanine nucleotides amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease:
Authors: EL Johnston, MG Ward, BD Warner, PM Irving
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Some,<sup>1,2</sup>but not all<sup>3</sup>studies have demonstrated a relationship between therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of adalimumab (ADA) and outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the utility of TDM of ADA in patients with CD using two commercially available ELISA. <h3>Method</h3> ADA drug levels (DL) and anti-drug antibodies (ADAb) were measured in CD patients (n = 80) from 2 tertiary referral centres, between November 13 and February 14 using the Lisa-Tracker Duo ((LT) Theradiag, France) and Immundiagnostik ELISA ((IM) Germany). Faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP &lt;5 mg/L remission) and clinical activity (Harvey Bradshaw Index,(HBI) &lt;5 remission) were also recorded. LT kits were provided by Theradiag at no cost. <h3>Results</h3> Neither assay showed a significant difference in ADA DL between remission and active disease (See table). No significant differences in DL were observed in TDM performed at trough (day 13/14, n = 13) or at any other time in the treatment cycle, nor amongst those receiving ADA every other week compared to weekly. Thiopurine metabolites (TGN) were performed in 51/52 patients taking thiopurines,(median 302, IQR 242–411 pmol/8×10<sup>8</sup>). There was no significant difference between DL and TGN according to TGN quartiles. ADAb were detected in 1 (1.3%) patient using LT and 4 (5%) using IM. Concomitant immunomodulation or a therapeutic TGN (&gt;235) did not significantly influence median DL or the detection of ADAb with either assay. IM ADA showed proportional positive bias (79.6%) against LT kit (Passing Bablok regression IM = 1.74 LT–0.06). <h3>Conclusion</h3> No optimal cut-off could be identified that predicted clinical or biochemical remission or FC. Concomitant immunomodulation and TGN concentration was not associated with higher ADA DL. ADAb development was very rare whether measuring free (LT) or total (IM) ADAb. Further studies are needed to establish the cause of DL variation and understand differences in ADA pharmacokinetics in patients with CD. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> E. Johnston: None Declared, M. Ward: None Declared, B. Warner: None Declared, P. Irving Speaker Bureau of: AbbVie, MSD, Takeda, Warner Chilcott, Shire, Ferring and Tillotts Pharma. <h3>References</h3> Mazor Y, <i>et al</i>. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40:620–628 Roblin X, <i>et al</i>. Clin Gastro Hepatol. 2014;12:80–84 Chiu Y, <i>et al</i>. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013;19:1112–1122
HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS AT THE PORTLAND SESSION.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glaucoma and ocular pigment
Authors: K. W. Olander
Journal: JAMA (1988)

An increased deposition of ocular pigment characterizes a variety of conditions, including exfoliation syndrome; pigment dispersion syndrome; forms of uveitis, melanosis, and melanoma; and cysts of the iris and ciliary body, among others.<sup>1</sup>Exfoliation syndrome and pigment dispersion syndrome, in particular, represent abnormal accumulations of pigment in the eye that may presage the development of openangle glaucoma in two very diverse populations.<sup>2</sup>Unfortunately, these types of secondary glaucoma are often refractory to medical treatment and may necessitate a surgical solution, such as trabeculoplasty. Early diagnosis and subsequent observation, therefore, can benefit such patients before intraocular pressures elevate, especially in those with pigment dispersion syndrome, who may suffer rapid-onset glaucoma. Both syndromes may exhibit similar deposits of pigment involving the width of the trabecular meshwork<sup>1</sup>; the peripheral cornea (Sampaolesi's line)<sup>2</sup>; and the anterior surface of the iris (Fig 1), lens, ciliary body, and vitreous.<sup>1</sup> Typical patients
Transforming growth factor-?1 regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor ? subunit in human liver fat-storing cells*1, *2
Authors: M PINZANI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Activated liver fat-storing cells (FSC) are known to play a key role in the development of liver fibrosis. An important element in FSC activation process is the increased expression of receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent mitogen for FSC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression PDGF-receptor alpha and beta subunits in cultured human FSC and their regulation induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β), a cytokine potentially involved in an autocrine loop. TGF-β induced a significant increase of the mitogenic effect of PDGF-BB and did not affect the mitogenicity of PDGF-AA and PDGF-AB, suggesting a selective action of the PDGF-receptor-β subunit. This hypothesis was confirmed by regulation experiments showing selective and time-dependent upregulation of the messenger (m)RNA encoding for the PDGF-receptor-β subunit and the relative protein induced by TGF-β. In addition, binding studies showed a parallel increase of PDGF-BB binding sites after incubation of human FSC with TGF-β. These studies provide evidence for an additional mechanism leading to the perpetuation of FSC activation and proliferation and contribute to a better understanding of the role of TGF-β and PDGF in the development of liver fibrosis.
Early-Life Milk and Late-Life Fracture
Authors: Robert P. Heaney
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Starch
Journal: BMJ (1940)

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Information technologies in US medical schools. Clinical practices outpace academic applications
Authors: J. D. Rootenberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

STUDIES of medical education reform have underscored the importance of students' acquiring an understanding of the information sciences.<sup>1-3</sup>To ascertain how computer-based technologies are being taught in US medical schools, I completed telephone interviews with faculty identified by their dean's office as overseeing the use of computers in medical education at 92 (73%) of the 126 US medical schools. During the interview, participants were asked to respond to five questions: Is the use of computers a formally required part of the undergraduate medical curriculum? If so, in which classes is it required? Who oversees the development and implementation of classes that use computer technology? Does the medical school have an official long-term plan or an articulated vision concerning the use of computers within the future curriculum? Are any of the medical school faculty or staff currently developing software or other computer-based materials that will be used to teach students
Examinations for the Medical Department of the U. S. Army
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal