tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Race and the poor prognosis basal breast tumor (BBT) phenotype in the population-based Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS)
Authors: L. A. Carey, C. M. Perou, L. G. Dressler, C. A. Livasy, J. Geradts, D. Cowan, C.-K. Tse, R. C. Millikan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9510 Background: Gene expression arrays reveal several breast cancer (BrCa) subtypes, with the basal-like subtype (BBT) carrying a poor prognosis (Sorlie T, PNAS 2003). Multiple BrCa microarray datasets (Sorlie et al PNAS 2003; van't Veer et al, Nature 2002; Sotiriou et al, PNAS 2003) suggest that 90% of BBT are ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER-2 nonamplified (Perou C, unpublished). Thus, this "triple negative" phenotype may be used to identify and determine the frequency of BBT. Methods: Data were obtained from the CBCS, a population-based case-control study of BrCa causation among African-American (AA) and non-African American (nonAA) women. The CBCS oversampled AA and women under the age of 50. HER-2 was determined by UNC Lineberger Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Core. We determined the proportion of triple negative BrCa by race (AA vs. non-AA) and by stage, mitotic index (>10 vs. ≤10) nuclear grade and histologic grade (grade 3 vs. 1–2). Results: 657 incident BrCa were evaluated from Phase I of the CBCS, including 260 AA and 397 nonAA women. 26.2% of all BrCa were triple negative, however this phenotype was significantly more frequent in AA (33.9% vs. 21.2%, p=0.0003), premenopausal women (30.3% vs. 21.9%, p=0.02), mitotic index > 10 (45.8% vs. 11.3%, p<0.0001), and nuclear or histologic grade 3 tumors (p=0.0001). The highest prevalence of triple negative BrCa occurred among premenopausal AA women (44.3%) compared with postmenopausal AA women (24.6%) (p=0.0008). In multivariate models combining all factors, the significant predictors of the triple negative phenotype were high mitotic index (p<0.0001), high nuclear or histologic grade (p<0.0001 both), and race (p=0.03). Conclusions: The poor-prognosis BBT subtype is strongly associated with high proliferative capacity (mitotic index > 10) and nuclear pleomorphism. In a large population-based study, the triple negative phenotype characteristic of BBT is markedly more common in AA women, particularly premenopausal AA women. The high proportion of BBT likely plays a role in the poor prognosis experienced by AA women with BrCa. (supported by NCI (SPORE CA58223), NIH (GCRC MO1RR00046). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Relative Importance of Various Tissues in Joint Stiffness
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Activation of the fibrinolytic system in patients with fulminant liver failure
Authors: J Pernambuco
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Abnormalities of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis are a major part of fulminant liver failure. In this study, the key components of the fibrinolytic system were determined in 42 patients with this condition. Admission levels of plasma plasminogen activity were low (9.1% of normal), as to a lesser extent were the activities of its inhibitors α2-antiplasmin (20.5% of normal) and C1 inhibitor (64% of normal). Tissue plasminogen activator activity was found at normal levels, whereas the level of its fast inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, was greatly increased compared with that of controls (24.3 U/ml and 7.4 U/ml, respectively), indicating a shift toward inhibition of fibrinolysis in these patients. Thrombin-antithrombin complex levels in plasma were significantly increased in fulminant liver failure compared with those in controls (33.5 μg/L vs. 2.5 μg/L, p < 0.001), indicating activation of coagulation in these patients. High plasma levels of D-dimer, a fragment of cross-linked fibrin, were also found (1,510 μg/L vs. 33 μg/L in controls, p < 0.001); this finding correlated with the increased level of thrombin-antithrombin complex (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), consistent with activation of fibrinolysis resulting from intravascular coagulation. In conclusion, there are gross abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system in fulminant liver failure, but because inhibitory activity appears to be present in adequate quantities, this limits the incidence of bleeding due to fibrinolysis. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1350–1356.)
Expression of epithelial cadherin and ?- and ?-catenins in nontumoral livers and hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: A Ihara, H Koizumi, R Hashizume, T Uchikoshi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Expression of the cell adhesion molecule, epithelial cadherin (E–CD) and its binding proteins, α– and β–catenins, in normal liver, chronic liver diseases, and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) was investigated immunohistologically. In normal liver, weak immunostaining of E–CD and catenins was observed at the lateral membranes of the hepatocytes, whereas at the interlobular bile duct epithelia, they stained strongly. No immunoreactions were seen in sinusoidal Kupffer cells. Similar results were observed in the majority of livers from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis sufferers; however, hepatocytes undergoing regeneration and rosette formation, as well as Hering canals and proliferating ductules, showed markedly increased molecular expression. Analysis of 66 HCC lesions revealed that the majority (64.3–96.6%) of thin trabecular– and pseudoglandular–type tumors preserved or overexpressed E–CD and catenins, whereas thick trabecular–type HCCs frequently showed low E–CD and α–catenin expression (56.5–65.2% reduction), suggesting that the thick trabecular histology represented diffuse tumor cell growth. Likewise, the E–CD and catenin expression levels correlated with the HCC cell differentiation grades. These collective results indicate that intercellular adhesion mediated by the E–CD–catenin system plays a role in morphological changes in nonmalignant and malignant hepatic diseases.
Book Review Lovett's Lateral Curvature of the Spine and Round Shoulders . Fifth Edition, Revised and Edited by Frank R. Ober, M.D., Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard University; member American Orthopaedic Association and A. H. Brewster, M.D., Instructor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard University; member American Orthopaedic Association; With two hundred and one illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son &amp; Co., Inc. Price $3.50.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1931)
Abstract MP071: A Healthy Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profile is Associated With Lower Incidence of End-stage Renal Disease Among US Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Paul Muntner, Suzanne E Judd, Liyan Gao, Orlando Gutierrez, Dana Rizk, William McClellan, Mary Cushman, David G Warnock
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Simple 7 measure of cardiovascular health includes biological and behavioral factors (cigarette smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose). We determined the association of health factors in the AHA Life’s Simple 7 metric with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence among participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) from the population-based REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=30,239). Each of the AHA Life’s Simple 7 components was assessed at baseline and categorized as poor (1 point), intermediate (2 points) or ideal (3 points). At baseline, 3,093 participants had CKD. The mean age of the study sample was 72.2 years, 42% were African American and 45% were men. Amongst this group, 162 participants developed ESRD over a median 4 years of follow-up. For each Life’s Simple 7 component except cholesterol, a graded association was present with a lower incidence of ESRD among participants with better health factor levels. After adjustment for age, race, sex, geographic region of residence, income, and education and compared to individuals with 0 or 1 ideal health factors, the hazard ratios for ESRD among those with 2, 3, and 4 ideal health factors were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43 - 0.89), 0.54 (95% CI: 0.35 - 0.83), and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.24 - 0.88), respectively. No cases of ESRD occurred among participants with 5-7 ideal health factors. On a scale from 7 (all 7 factors poor) to 21 (all 7 factors ideal), each one point higher Life’s Simple 7 score was associated with a 22% lower ESRD risk (hazard ratio 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72 - 0.85). When biologic and behavioral health factors were evaluated separately, similar patterns of lower ESRD risk with better risk factor profiles were present. In the current study, a strong, graded association was present between a better cardiovascular risk factor profile and lower ESRD risk.
Hemobilia
Authors: Henri Bismuth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

WHEN, as a result of trauma or disease, a communication becomes established between blood vessels and the biliary tract so that blood enters the duodenum along with the bile the condition is called hemobilia, a term introduced by Sandblom1 in 1948. Blood reaches the common bile duct by way of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Hemorrhage originating in and confined to the gallbladder is not hemobilia, but hemocholecyst. The term hemobilia does not apply when hemorrhage starts in the gallbladder and blood enters the alimentary canal through a cholecystointestinal fistula, or when it originates from the intestinal end of . . .
Results of a phase I/II clinical trial of BPX-101, a novel drug-activated dendritic cell (DC) vaccine for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: G. Sonpavde, J. D. McMannis, Y. Bai, M. Seethammagari, J. M. Bull, V. Hawkins, T. Dancsak, N. Lapteva, D. M. Spencer, K. M. Slawin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

132 Background: We report results of a phase I/II clinical trial of BPX-101, a drug- activated autologous DC vaccine targeting PSMA. Methods: Men with progressive mCRPC following up to one prior chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in a 3+3 dose escalation trial evaluating BPX-101 and CD40 activating agent AP1903. BPX-101 was administered intradermally every 2 weeks for 6 doses, during the induction phase, and for nonprogressing patients, every 8 weeks for up to 5 doses during the maintenance phase. AP1903 (0.4 mg/kg) was infused 24 hours after each BPX-101 dose. Radiologic evaluation was performed every 12 weeks. Results: Planned enrollment of 12 subjects has been completed, including 3 each at 4 × 10 6 and 12.5 × 10 6 cells/dose, and 6 at 25 × 10 6 cells/dose. All vaccine products were releasable. Median Halabi- predicted survival was 13.8 months. Two subjects went off protocol prior to the end of induction due to progression, 8 reached end of induction, and 2 are nearing completion of induction. Toxicities (e.g. injection site reactions) were generally mild. One high dose subject experienced a single acute cytokine reaction during infusion of AP1903 at the second vaccination, but continued induction without further drug-related adverse events. Notably, one post- docetaxel subject in the low dose cohort achieved a RECIST PR, and one chemo-naive subject in the mid-dose cohort with extensive visceral, nodal, and bone metastases experienced a RECIST CR with docetaxel-based chemotherapy after induction and maintains an undetectable ultrasensitive PSA (0.009 ng/mL) 10 months after enrollment. A third subject, in the high-dose cohort, experienced near complete elimination of multiple lung metastases with otherwise stable disease by the end of induction. Robust immune responses were seen in all three. Conclusions: BPX-101 can be reliably manufactured and safely administered, followed by AP1903, at doses of at least 25 × 10 6 cells. Contrary to the observation that cancer vaccine therapy improves survival without short-term response, BPX-101-treated patients have experienced measurable disease responses, including near elimination of poor-risk visceral disease. [Table: see text]
Highlights from this issue
Authors: The Triumvirate
Journal: Thorax (2021)

The TriumvirateAs we write this edition of Airwaves, many countries throughout the world are struggling to contain the delta variant of COVID-19.The switch to naming new variants of the coronavirus after Greek letters, rather than the geographical area where the variant was first identified, is understandable but a little hard on the Greeks.By way of recompense we devote this issue of Airwaves to the rich literature of Greek myths and legends.
SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTU-114 Expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and -4 in the intestinal crypt epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Authors: M R L Brown, A Robins, Y R Mahida
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> TLRs are pattern recognition receptors which detect conserved molecular patterns on commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Studies in mice have shown that TLR signalling protects against the development of colitis but may exacerbate established colitis. Epithelial stem cells and their progeny are located in crypts of the small and large intestine. We have investigated TLR2 and TLR4 expression in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn9s disease (CD) crypt intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). <h3>Methods</h3> Ileal and colonic mucosal samples were obtained from operation resection specimens and were histologically normal (&gt;5 cm from cancer; normal controls) or inflamed (CD or UC). Additionally, paired samples from histologically normal (proximal colon) and inflamed (distal colon) mucosa were obtained from five colectomy specimens with isolated left-sided UC. Crypt IECs were isolated using EDTA and pancreatin. Expression of mRNA transcripts was studied by conventional and real-time RT-PCR. Cell surface TLR protein was studied by flow cytometry (expressed as median fluorescent intensity, MFI). TLR expression was also studied by immunofluorescent (IF) staining of tissue sections. Data are expressed as median (IQR). <h3>Results</h3> Relative to normal controls, TLR2 mRNA expression in IEC was significantly elevated in inflamed colonic UC [3.18-fold (1.03–10.40), p=0.003] and inflamed colonic CD [3.45 (0.80–5.40), p=0.012]. TLR4 mRNA was significantly elevated in normal colonic UC [1.90 (1.69–4.31], p=0.017), inflamed colonic UC [2.33 (1.15–4.45), p=0.024], inflamed colonic CD [1.71 (1.00–4.32), p=0.042] and inflamed ileal CD [1.84 (1.43–4.66), p=0.03]. In paired analyses, IEC TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression was not significantly different in normal UC mucosa compared to inflamed UC mucosa. Compared to IEC from normal control colon, IEC from colonic CD showed significantly greater expression of cell surface TLR2 protein [MFI 10.1 (2.4–29.0) vs 33.1 (17.7–107.5), p=0.05] and TLR4 protein [MFI 12.1 (4.9–25.3) vs 40.9 (23.2–103.5), p=0.04]. IF staining confirmed TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression on the luminal surface of crypt IEC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> IEC expression of TLR4 mRNA was up-regulated in inflamed and un-inflamed colonic and ileal IBD. TLR2 mRNA was up-regulated in inflamed colonic IBD. Interestingly, TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression was similar in IECs isolated from un-inflamed, histologically normal mucosa as it was in IECs isolated from inflamed mucosa in UC. This may suggest TLR2 and TLR4 up-regulation is a primary rather than secondary event in UC. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR4 protein was expressed in greater amounts on the surface of IECs in CD. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Government Services
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dance
Authors: David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

He was always dancing. In the beginning it was exciting. A lot of kids did it. The poison propositioned him, may I have this one, can I go home with you, you know you love me and you want me and I can dance all night and even into tomorrow. So he danced, even though he knew she was from a bad family; her little sister methanol took men out on dates and blinded them. She would never do that, she told him; she was even on television, she was very social, she was an old friend of everyone's family. His wife found out about it and tried to stop him. His son missed him. But the dance went on, because he loved her more than all of them, more than his family, his job, his life. She held him as they danced, and she ran her fingers down his
Increases in ileal mast cells in patients with diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome may be due to a relative reduction in mucosa-associated lactobacilli
Authors: G. C. Parkes, N. Rayment, I. Woodman, B. Hudspith, L. Petvoska, M. Lomer, J. Brostoff, K. Whelan, J. Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is substantial evidence for gastrointestinal (GI) immune upregulation and altered GI microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim was to compare the immune cell populations in patients with IBS and controls and to correlate differences with the adjacent microbiota in small and large intestine. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IBS (Rome III) and healthy controls were recruited. Patients underwent ileocolonoscopy at which paired ileal and rectal biopsies were snap frozen. Rectal microbiota analysis was performed using FISH.1 Ileal microbiota analysis was performed on an adjacent biopsy using qPCR.2 Immunohistochemistry on sections cut from the same biopsy was used to enumerate mast cells, intra-epithelial and lamina-propria lymphocytes and macrophages. Symptom data was recorded using a validated questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> 37 patients with IBS (27 diarrhoea predominant (IBS-D) and 10 constipation predominant (IBS-C)) and 23 healthy controls were recruited. There were significantly more mast cells in the rectum and ileum in the IBS-D group than in IBS-C and controls median; see figure 1. There was a inverse correlation between the number of ileal mast cells and the number of mucosa-associated lactobacilli (p = 0.005). The severity of diarrhoea positively correlated with the number of rectal macrophages (p = 0.001), mast cells (p = 0.02) and IELs (p = 0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first data to correlate alterations in the mucosa-associated microbiota with the adjacent immune cells in IBS. Increases in ileal mast cells in patients with IBS-D maybe due to reductions in adjacent lactobacilli. Increasing severity of diarrhoea positively correlated with increases in rectal mucosal immune cell populations
Dental pain
Authors: Y. MacAuley, P. O'Donnell, H. F. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A 40 year old woman presents complaining of severe dental pain and swelling, and is unable to contact her dentist. She reports that the pain started three days ago and has increased in intensity since, with her face becoming swollen in the last 24 hours. ### Nature and severity of the pain Dental pain occurs as a result of inflammation of the pulp (pulpitis) (see figure⇓). This is generally caused by bacteria from decayed teeth or defective dental fillings. Dental pain can be practically grouped into five progressive pain categories. A short pain history and examination is required to categorise this pain. Dental anatomy, decay, and pain. The crown of a tooth is made up of three basic layers; enamel (A), dentine (B), and pulp (C). The dental pulp is essentially a connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics. It is continuous with the supporting tissues around the tooth. Pain results when the pulp is inflamed, which is generally caused by bacteria from decay (D), or a leaking dental restoration or “filling”.