tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy results from the ToGA trial: A phase III study of trastuzumab added to standard chemotherapy (CT) in first-line human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced gastric cancer (GC)
Authors: E. Van Cutsem, Y. Kang, H. Chung, L. Shen, A. Sawaki, F. Lordick, J. Hill, M. Lehle, A. Feyereislova, Y. Bang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

LBA4509 Background: Advanced GC is an incurable disease; new and less toxic treatments are needed. HER2 overexpression has been reported in 6–35% of stomach and gastroesophageal tumors. Trastuzumab (H; Herceptin), a monoclonal antibody against HER2, has shown survival benefits when given with CT in patients (pts) with HER2-positive early and metastatic breast cancer. The ToGA study is the first randomized, prospective, multicenter, phase III trial to study the efficacy and safety of H in HER2- positive GC. Methods: Pts with HER2-positive gastroesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma (locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic) were randomized to receive H+CT (5-fluorouracil or capecitabine and cisplatin) q3w for 6 cycles or CT alone. H was given until disease progression. The primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival, time to progression, duration of response, and safety. An interim analysis was planned at 75% of deaths and the Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended releasing the data as the pre-specified boundary was exceeded and median follow-up of pts was 17.1 months. Results: Tumors from 3,807 pts were centrally tested for HER2 status: 22.1% were HER2 positive (abstract #4556). 594 pts were randomized 1:1 at sites in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Baseline characteristics were well balanced across arms. Median OS was significantly improved with H+CT compared to CT alone: 13.5 vs. 11.1 months, respectively (p=0.0048; HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.60, 0.91). ORR was 47.3% in the H+CT arm and 34.5% in the CT arm (p=0.0017). Safety profiles were similar with no unexpected adverse events in the H+CT arm. There was no difference in symptomatic congestive heart failure between arms. Asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction decreases were reported in 4.6% of pts in the H+CT arm and 1.1% in the CT arm. Conclusions: This first randomized trial investigating anti-HER2 therapy in advanced GC showed that H+CT is superior to CT alone. The OS benefit indicates that H is a new, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for HER2-positive GC. [Table: see text]
Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain
Authors: Dhirendra S. Bana
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The pioneering work done by the late Dr Harold G. Wolff was characterized by posing "simple questions which were susceptible to simple experimental approach and to direct answer." His meticulous compilation of experiments evolved into the first edition of<i>Wolffs Headache</i>published in 1948. With his hallmark of numerous examples and copious experimental details, the second edition expanded to a hefty 773 pages. The fifth edition of<i>Wolffs Headache and Other Head Pain</i>has been streamlined to a moderate 434 pages, and its nature has shifted drastically from the original volume. It is now a multiauthored book, and its content has expanded to integrate some of the classic experiments of the earlier work with contemporary philosophies in the study and management of headache and other head pain. Recent additions cover the neurogenic theory of the prodromal phase of classic migraine and the radiological evaluation of headache using magnetic resonance imaging
Adrenalectomy and Hypophysectomy for Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: John T. Grayhack
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Initial attempts to modify the endocrine status of patients with carcinoma of the prostate resulted from acceptance of the assumptions that this neoplasm usually is hormonally controlled and that the response of the malignant prostate to hormonal stimulation is similar to that of normal prostate.<sup>10</sup>The frequently prompt therapeutic response seen following orchiectomy and estrogen administration reinforced these assumptions. The variability in degree and duration of the response to these initial efforts, coupled with the persistent acceptance of the assumptions on which endocrine therapy is based, prompted a search for sources of endogenous hormones which might serve as a continuing stimulus to prostatic growth. Eventually, this focused attention on the adrenals and pituitary and led to utilization of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy in treating patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Evidence indicating that the adrenals might contribute to stimulation of prostatic growth came from two sources. Studies in animals demonstrated
Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Joel M. Gore
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Thrombolytic therapy continues to be the standard of care for patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction, improving both short- and long-term outcome.<sup>1,2</sup>Despite its benefit, thrombolytic therapy is administered to only a minority of patients with evolving myocardial infarction. Only one third of all patients with acute myocardial infarction meet the current therapeutic guidelines for thrombolytic therapy, and it has been estimated that only half of the eligible patients actually receive treatment. Several factors may be involved in the limited use of thrombolytic therapy. Some physicians may avoidthrombolytic therapy because of their concern about the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Fatal and nonfatal central nervous system bleeding is the most devastating complication of thrombolytic therapy and occurs in 0.2% to 1% of patients.<sup>3</sup>Although the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke has increased with the advent of thrombolytic therapy, the incidence of embolic stroke has decreased. The total incidence of strokes in patients treated with thrombolytic
Early Care for the Heart Attack Suspects
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Best of Medical Humor: A Collection of Articles, Essays, Poetry, and Letters Published in the Medical Literature
Authors: Frederick L. Glauser
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Medical humor? An oxymoron similar to military intelligence, humble physician, surgical literature? I can report that medical humor exists and is alive and well (although residing underground most of the time), as evidenced by a wonderful new book.<i>The Best of Medical Humor: A Collection of Articles, Essays, Poetry, and Letters Published in the Medical Literature</i>is compiled and edited by Howard J. Bennett, MD, associate professor of health care sciences and pediatrics, associate director of pediatrics and the Primary Care Residency Program, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC. This book is a compilation of humor obtained from the medical literature with publications dating back as far as the late 1880s. Dr Bennett reviewed over 800 articles and many short pieces and selected the best based upon two criteria: (1) the article had to say something about medicine, its clients, and its practitioners, and (2) it
BRAIN WORK
Journal: JAMA (1924)

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“Cladribine improves lung cysts and pulmonary function in a child with histiocytosis.” Ralph Epaud, Hubert Ducou Le Pointe, Sylvie Fasola, Sandra Ploussard, Celine Delestrain, Chiara Sileo and Jean Donadieu. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2015; 45: 831–833.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)
BOOK REVIEWS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

As stated in the foreward of this book, the morphology of ventricular complexes has been well studied through the years, but information concerning the atrial signal has been rather lim- ited.The authors have served a useful purpose by summarizing the literature and presenting their own experience in this short book.The nine chapters of the book deal with atrial activation and repolarization, the normal P wave and P-wave changes in dextrocardia, pulmonary disease, atrial infarction, atrial overloading, and other conditions as well as atrial arrhythmias.The reproduction of the illustrations is excellent and the bibliography is adequate.It is rather disappointing, however, that the discussion of atrial arrhythmias is quite super- ficial.The subject of the intra-atrial electrogram has not been mentioned.Some of the illustrations (for example, figs. 37, 45,56B, 56C, and 90) fail to demonstrate clearly the specific points the authors intend to emphasize.This volume should be of value to all physicians interested in electrocardiography, but they may find that in some areas it is lacking in depth for such a specialized topic.
Summarizing the Obstetric History
Journal: JAMA (1991)

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Metformin for Prediabetes
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Validation of Remission Criteria for Schizophrenia
Authors: Jim van Os
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Remission criteria for schizophrenia have been proposed, consisting of a time criterion and a symptomatic remission criterion. With longitudinal data of a representative patient group (N=317; median follow-up: 1,132 days), validity of the symptomatic remission criterion was investigated. Method: In a group of 145 patients meeting the symptomatic remission criterion at baseline and a group of 172 patients not meeting it at baseline, change over time in remission status was examined in relation to change in various functional outcomes. Results: In both groups, change over time with the symptomatic remission criterion was associated with substantial changes in unmet needs, Global Assessment of Functioning scale scores, satisfaction with services and, to a lesser extent, quality of life. Changing the symptomatic remission criterion to include depression and suicidality did not affect the results. Conclusions: The proposed symptomatic remission criterion has clinical validity and represents the right balance between parsimony and inclusiveness.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: M. C. Brain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IN 1917 Rous and Robertson1 suggested that fragmentation was the normal fate of the effete erythrocyte at the end of its life-span. More recently it has become recognized that erythrocytes may undergo fragmentation earlier if they are subjected to excessive trauma within the circulation. The most striking example of this form of hemolysis has been the erythrocyte fragmentation that may result from a malfunctioning prosthetic heart valve2 or incomplete repair of an intracardiac defect.3 The hemolysis will cease, and the erythrocyte fragments disappear from the peripheral blood once the intracardiac defect is successfully repaired or the malfunctioning prosthetic valve is . . .
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Thomas J. Bassler
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In her article on cardiac rehabilitation, Nanette K. Wenger, MD (242:2879, 1979), suggests that the "goals and objectives of exercise programs... after myocardial infarction require close scrutiny as to appropriate and inappropriate expectations." Then, she uses the work of Nolewajka et al<sup>1</sup>to show that physical activity does not alter the natural history of the disease. I disagree. As I have stated previously (242:322, 1979), the "proper study" of the effects of exercise on the cardiac patient must involve exercise levels above the protective threshold of 10 km. I predicted<sup>2</sup>that a total dose of 16,000 km of jogging would improve angiograms. I have reported such a case.<sup>3</sup> Thus, an "appropriate goal" of cardiac rehabilitation would be disease regression; all that remains to be determined in a given case is the total dose of the exercise prescription. No one should argue against the possibility
THE ARMY AND METEOROLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3714: Efficient derivation and expansion of tumor cell lines from primary and xenotransplanted pancreatic, ovarian and renal tumors
Authors: Olaf Hardt, David Agorku, Anne Langhammer, Franziska Zickgraf, Felix Geist, Elisa M. Noll, Christian Eisen, Andreas Bosio, Martin R. Sprick, Andreas Trumpp
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cancer cell lines are widely used as in vitro models to study tumor biology and for efficacy testing of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In the past, most of this work has been done using established cell lines that have been cultured for decades. Extensive in vitro propagation has been shown to lead to the acquisition of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in cell lines, leading to decreased heterogeneity and the lack of tumor initiating as well as multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Consequently, established cell lines only insufficiently resemble the characteristics of tumors and thus have limited applicability as in vitro models for example. To overcome this hurdles, cell lines can be derived from primary cancer biopsies. However, this process is very inefficient for most tumor entities. In addition, most of the media used include largely undefined serum, such as FBS, which has been shown to drive primary tumor cell cultures to a more differentiated state when used over multiple passages. We have developed advanced, serum-free media for derivation and expansion of tumor cell lines from pancreatic, ovarian or renal tumors. Our media have been optimized concerning formulation, stability, and usability and allow for efficient generation of primary cell lines from both, patient and xenotransplanted tumors. Primary cell lines derived with our media retained their tumorigenic potential and could therefore be xenotransplanted and propagated in immunodeficient mice. Notably, the resulting tumors closely resembled the initial patient tumor as shown on the histomorphological as well as functional level. Moreover, the primary cell lines closely resembled essential characteristics of the parental tumor in vitro, including expression of subtype-specific markers, cellular heterogeneity, as well as genetic and epigenetic signatures. Taken together, we have developed serum-free medium for efficient derivation and expansion of tumor cell lines from primary and xenotransplanted pancreatic, ovarian and renal tumors, allowing for the establishment of easily accessible in vitro as well as corresponding xenografting vivo models. This facilitates the translation of in vitro findings directly into in vivo settings, allowing for more reliable pre-clinical modelling. Citation Format: Olaf Hardt, David Agorku, Anne Langhammer, Franziska Zickgraf, Felix Geist, Elisa M. Noll, Christian Eisen, Andreas Bosio, Martin R. Sprick, Andreas Trumpp. Efficient derivation and expansion of tumor cell lines from primary and xenotransplanted pancreatic, ovarian and renal tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3714.
Infant Deaths Associated With Cough and Cold Medications—Two States, 2005
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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