tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2006)

Approximately 11,960 people will be diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 2005, and 9,000 patients will die of the disease. As the population ages, the incidence of AML, along with myelodysplasia, appears to be rising. Equally disturbing is the increasing incidence of treatment-related myelodysplasia and leukemia in survivors of tumors of childhood and young adulthood such as Hodgkin's disease, sarcomas, breast and testicular cancers, and lymphomas. Recent large clinical trials have highlighted the need for new, innovative strategies because outcomes for AML patients, particularly older patients, have not substantially changed in the past 3 decades. For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Pooling signaling and costimulatory domains in a flexible CARpool design
Authors: L. Springuel, J. Bolsée, A. Velghe, S. Agaugué, D. Gilham
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) consist of a target binding moiety fused to an extracellular spacer, a transmembrane region and an intracellular signaling tail comprising a tandem alignment of co-stimulatory and activatory domains. This linear configuration displays rigid spatial orientation and ratio of co-stimulation to activation domains. We have developed a novel mix and match approach (CARpool) where the costimulatory signal is provided in trans on accessory proteins that associate with the antigen binding chain via transmembrane interactions. Methods: Several CD3ζ-containing CAR chains were designed using the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of NKG2D or NKp44, associating with DAP10 and DAP12 respectively. Each CAR contained a B7H6-targeting scFv and was co-expressed with corresponding accessory protein using a 2A site. Primary human T cells engineered with the diverse constructs were screened for CAR expression, phenotype and in vitro function. Results: NKG2D-based CAR complexes were moderately expressed at the cell surface but bound B7H6 and led to potent cells. Modification of the position of the charged residue within the transmembrane domain of the CAR is being used to modulate the surface expression and thus their potency. NKp44-based CAR complexes were more frequently expressed on primary T cells and bound B7H6, though functionality appears to be dependent on the nature of the extracellular spacer. Conclusions: These studies provide proof-of-concept for a novel CAR design where it is possible to incorporate or interchange costimulatory domain(s) in a stoichiometrically controlled way. Recapitulating physiological TCR activation by providing co-stimulation in trans within the CARpool may result in optimal downstream signaling, thereby enhancing anti-tumoral activity. Legal entity responsible for the study: Celyad SA. Funding: Celyad SA. Disclosure: L. Springuel, J. Bolsée, A. Velghe, S. Agaugué, D. Gilham: Employee of Celyad SA.
Long-Term Indwelling Silastic Central Venous Catheters: Clinical Audit Leading to Improved Surgical Technique
Authors: M J S Dennis, Ann E Hunter, J J Ryan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1990)

A retrospective audit of the surgical insertion and clinical outcome of silastic venous catheters on our Haematology Unit was performed for the period 1985 to 1988. Twenty-three (58%) of the 40 lines had complications, and analysis showed that many were due to problems related to the surgical technique used. This altered our clinical practice, and over a 12 month period (January 1989 to January 1990) 26 central venous catheters have been placed in 24 patients by a dedicated surgical team using a standardized, altered technique. This has been to place all catheters via the right internal jugular vein and to confirm line position by on-table radiographic screening. A significant improvement in results is presented.
Organizations of medical interest
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence for Radical Species as Intermediates in Cadmium/Zinc-Metallothionein-Dependent DNA Damage In Vitro
Authors: Thomas Muller, Rainer Schuckelt, Lothar Jaenicke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Toxicologic data on cadmium (Cd) indicate that intracellular metallothionein (MT) is protective for Cd exposure, whereas extracellular Cd-containing MT might be toxic.Moreover, Cd is suspected to be a carcinogen though the underlying mechanism is not known.Here we report on the genotoxic activity of cadmium/zinc-metallothionein (Cd/Zn-MT) in a cell-free test system: a concentration-dependent increase in DNA strand breaks was detected with increasing doses of Cd/Zn-MT, whereas no DNA strand breaks were observed in the presence of heat-denatured MT or Cd or Zn ions alone.Modifications of native Cd/Zn-MT by the metal ion-chelating agent EDTA or the sulfhydryl group alkylating agents N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide suggest that the various cysteine residues of MT, together with the attached heavy metal ions, may be involved in the DNA cleavage reaction.Furthermore, DNA strand breaks caused by Cd/Zn-MT seem more likely to be random than sequence-or base-specific.Results from experiments with radical scavengers and electron spin resonance spectroscopy point to radical species formed by Cd/Zn-MT as mediators of the DNA damage.Thus, the actual activity of Cd/Zn-MT-whether protective or damaging -appears to depend on various parameters governed by the extra-and intracellular environment.-
Gallium scans for staging small cell lung cancer
Authors: H. D. Brereton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The high incidence of gallium 67 accumulation in lung cancer has made radioisotope scanning with this agent useful in identifying the extent of cancer locally. However, we investigated the usefulness of whole-body gallium 67 scanning, compared with physical examination, bone, liver, and brain scans, and bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, in detecting metastases outside the chest in 47 patients with small cell lung cancer. In each case whole-body scanning with gallium 67 was inferior to the other methods used to detect extrathoracic tumor deposits. (<i>JAMA</i>240:666-667, 1978)
Adolescent medicine
Authors: H. Adger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The greatest health threats for adolescents today are behavioral rather than biomedical. Current studies indicate that most adolescents engage in some type of behavior that might be considered threatening to their health and well-being. Furthermore, adolescents engage in risky behaviors at increasingly earlier ages. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases are a few of the major health problems that have received increased attention during the past several years and continue to be major threats to the health of adolescents. Alcohol and other drug use has been a major factor in the deterioration of the health status of adolescents and young adults.<sup>1</sup>Almost half of adolescents have used an illicit drug before they finish high school and 25% have used an illicit drug other than marijuana. Marijuana is by far the most widely used illicit drug, with
MUTUAL MISUNDERSTANDINGS AMONG MEDICAL INVESTIGATORS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Idiopathic immune‐mediated acquired von Willebrand's disease in a patient with angiodysplasia: Demonstration of an unusual inhibitor causing a functional defect and rapid clearance of von Willebrand factor
Authors: Salah A. Alhumood, Dana V. Devine, Laurie Lawson, Stephen H. Nantel, Cedric J. Carter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A case of idiopathic immune-mediated von Willebrand's disease (AvWD) associated angiodysplasia and recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding is reported. Coagulation parameters at presentation were activated partial thromboplastin time of 41 sec, bleeding time >15 min, factor VIII procoagulant activity, 5%; von Willebrand factor antigen (WF:Ag) 5%, and vWF:ristocetirn cofactor activity 11% sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis pattern of plasma vWF showed a pattern similar to type II vWD. An in vitro inhibitor against vWF in the immunoglobulin (Ig)G fraction of the patient's plasma was demonstrated vWF parameters showed a short-lived increase after 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) administration. The patient's bleeding episodes were initially managed adequately with cryoprecipitate replacement therapy and DDAVP, to which she became refractory. No significant improvement was achieved following the institution of immunosuppressive therapy in the form of high-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide. She was then treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg) to which she showed an adequate response in terms of her clinical situation and her hemostatic parameters. The patient is on maintenance treatment with repeated courses of IvIg based on vWF parameter monitoring. To our knowledge, this is the third reported association between idiopathic immune-mediated AvWD and angiodysplasia. Am. J. Hematol. 60:151–157, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
14. Diabetes Care in the Hospital: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF HOSPITAL PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
To dilate or not to dilate
Authors: E. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: F. M. GREENE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Until recently typhoid fever has been regarded as a self-limiting disease, always ending in lysis and occupying a period of three or four weeks' duration. It is observed of varying degrees of intensity, from a mild attack, in which there may be only slight elevation of temperature, and the patient does not take to his bed, to the severest type, in which from the beginning there is great prostration, and the patient rapidly succumbs to the intensity of the poison. Complications and sequelæ are to be dreaded alike in the mild and severe forms, and not infrequently in the midst of a mild attack, or after convalescence has apparently been established, we may have ulcerations of the ileum, resulting in grave hemorrhages, or perforation of intestine, with peritonitis and speedy death. Under the old régime, there were observed four distinct periods to the disease, and a schematic representation of each
Estrogen suppression of 8-week treatment with exemestane combined with triptorelin versus triptorelin alone in healthy premenopausal women
Authors: M. G. Jannuzzo, E. Di Salle, R. Spinelli, N. Pirotta, G. Massimini, P. Buchan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2041 Background: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (Gn-RHa), such as triptorelin (T), reduce the ovarian estrogen production in premenopausal women, thus inducing a reversible postmenopausal status. Aromatase inhibitors, such as exemestane (EX), are effective in inhibiting the extraovarian estrogen production in postmenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind study evaluating the endocrinological effects of EX or placebo (P) given in combination with T in healthy premenopausal volunteers. EX (Aromasin 25 mg) or P were given orally, once daily, starting on Study Day 1, for 8 weeks in 14 subjects per arm. T pamoate (Trelstar Depot 3.75 mg) was given IM twice, 4 weeks apart, on Study Day 1 and 29. Blood was collected at several pre-planned intervals from Day 1 to 73. The primary objective was to demonstrate greater estradiol (E2) suppression in the T+EX group, determined from the E2 AUCday 36–57. Results: E2 levels below the "castration threshold" of 20 pg/mL, an index of the ovarian effect of T, were observed in 13 out of 14 subjects in both arms at the end of the first 4-week cycle (Day 29), and in all subjects at the end of the second cycle (Day 57). The E2 and estrone (E1) results over time in these 13 subjects/arm are reported in the Table. In addition, no influence was exerted by EX on T-mediated effects (initial flare and subsequent suppression) on LH and FSH. The exposure to T, evaluated in the second cycle, was not influenced by EX treatment. The tolerability observed in the two treatment arms was comparable. Conclusions: Greater estrogen suppression was observed in premenopausal subjects on T plus EX versus T plus P. The increase in pharmacological effectiveness caused by EX may result in enhanced clinical effectiveness in premenopausal advanced breast cancer patients treated with a Gn-RHa. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmacia Italia Pharmacia Italia
PHONATION.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

For thirty years there has seemed to me no difference between phonation (speech) and cantation (song), save in the length of the basic vowel sounds. The action of the nares, antra, pharyngeal dome, frontal sinuses, lips, teeth, tongue, soft and hard palates, epiglottis, breath-bands (false vocal cords), arytenoid cartilages, interarytenoid band, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, ribs, abdominal muscles and air are the same in both—or to shorten this text, the ''oripulations" (<i>os</i>=mouth,<i>plenum</i>=full) are alike in both. Indeed, as the writer showed in a paper published in 1873, "speech may be termed staccato song." A year later this view was published as original in London by an English observer. And now the serrations on the cylinders of the phonograph or gramophone have demonstrated the truth of this position, so that the kinship of phonation and song is proved. These things being so, the writer has thought for many years
Age-Specific Excess Deaths Associated With Stroke Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations--United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Stroke was the third leading cause of death in the United States in 1997. During 1950-1996, age-standardized stroke death rates declined 70% for the entire U.S. population; however, the decline varied among racial/ethnic populations. The estimated number of stroke deaths by race/ethnicity and age illustrate the differences in stroke mortality that may be used to direct prevention efforts. This report presents an analysis of stroke mortality by age and racial/ethnic group; the findings indicate that for persons aged 35-64 years, excess stroke deaths and higher risk for stroke mortality occurred among members of U.S. racial/ethnic minority populations than among the non-Hispanic white population.
Nomenclature Morass
Authors: Joseph Hamburg
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I cannot resist commenting on the two recent articles inThe Journalin which Smith et al (<b>217</b>:1362, 1971), and again Silver (<b>217</b>:1368, 1971) attempt to extricate us from our nomenclatural morass with regard to the physician's assistant and sundry allied health professionals. With tongue in cheek, may I suggest a simpler approach.
Phase II Trial of Weekly Paclitaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Authors: David J. Vaughn, Catherine M. Broome, Maha Hussain, John C. Gutheil, Avi B. Markowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with urothelial cancer who had received one prior systemic chemotherapy regimen for advanced disease and had evidence of disease progression were eligible for enrollment. Patients received paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 by 1-hour intravenous infusion weekly. A cycle of therapy consisted of four weekly treatments. RESULTS: The study enrolled 31 patients. Mean age was 66 years, and 45% of patients had three or more involved metastatic sites. Only 26% of patients had responded to prior chemotherapy. The median number of cycles delivered was three (range, one to eight) at a mean weekly paclitaxel dose of 79 mg/m 2 . Three patients achieved a partial response (10%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 20%). Median time to progression was 2.2 months, and median overall survival time was 7.2 months. Therapy was well tolerated with minimal hematologic toxicity. Grade 3 nonhematologic toxicities were also uncommon. CONCLUSION: Although the overall response rate to weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer was modest, the chemotherapy-refractory nature of the study population should be considered.
“I recognise myself in that situation…” Using photographs to encourage reflection in general practitioners
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In children with threadworm infection a course of mebendazole is useful.Antifungal creams usually have no place in the initial management of vulvovaginitis, since candida is an unlikely pathogen in prepubertal girls. 1 Girls with non-specific vulvovaginitis should be advised about hygienic measures-avoiding tight fitting clothing or other irritants such as harsh soaps to the vulva, front to back wiping after using the toilet, sitz baths, and protective ointments. 2 3For persistent or recurrent vulvovaginitis, an opinion from a gynaecologist to rule out a foreign body is traditionally recommended. 4 ConclusionsIn the management of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls current evidence suggests that, in addition to giving advice about hygienic measures, vaginal secretions should be obtained for microbiological investigations and that antibiotics should be used only if a pure or predominant growth of a pathogen is identified.This recommendation is based on one case-control study 1 and one retrospective study. 3However, there is little literature regarding the vaginal microflora of prepubertal children, and it is therefore difficult to determine whether bacteria isolated from patients' vaginal secretions are part of the normal microflora or are the cause of symptoms of vulvovaginitis.Of the existing studies on the microflora of the prepubertal vagina, many are flawed for lack of control subjects, and most combined prepubertal and peripubertal children, had small numbers, or lacked comprehensive cultures for a wide variety of micro-organisms.Clearly we need well designed, adequately powered, high quality studies to evaluate the vaginal microflora in asymptomatic prepubertal children and in those with symptoms of vulvovaginitis.