tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The long ophthalmological tradition of articulate literacy has not been broken by the publications which have appeared during 1965. There is little evidence either that this virtue has become excessive or developed into verbal hyperplasia whose acute and chronic forms were so ably analyzed by Dr. Quay in the 1965 book issue. The high standard of excellence seems to have been maintained in every area of publication from elementary text to research monograph. <h3>Elementary Textbooks</h3> During 1965 three elementary textbooks, new in one way or another, appeared. Of these, two were new editions of previously published texts and one was completely new. One of the new editions was Duke-Elder's 14th edition of<i>Parson's Diseases of the Eye</i>(Little, Brown, 1965, $16.50), which appeared in Great Britain in 1964 but reached our shores this year. The strength of this text lies in its solid, conservative presentation of the subject with good
HPV Vaccination Appears Stalled
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thirty-First Annual Clinical Conference: Recent Advances in the Systemic Therapy of Genitourinary Malignancies
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article Thirty-First Annual Clinical Conference: Recent Advances in the Systemic Therapy of Genitourinary Malignancies Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 1, July 1987, Page 198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.1.198 Published: 01 July 1987
The Cost Effectiveness of Lowering Cholesterol in Individual Patients
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients16 May 2000The Cost Effectiveness of Lowering Cholesterol in Individual PatientsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00036 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?National guidelines recommend cholesterol-lowering treatment on the basis of an individual patient's cholesterol levels and risk factors for heart disease. However, using drugs to lower cholesterol levels is expensive. It is unclear for which types of patients this cost is worth the benefit. Statins are the major type of medicines used to lower cholesterol levels.Why did the researchers do this particular study?The researchers wanted to find out how the costs and benefits of cholesterol-lowering therapy vary with individual patient risk factors, including age, sex, smoking, blood ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Cost-Effectiveness of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapies according to Selected Patient Characteristics”. It is in the 16 May 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 769-779). The authors are L.A. Prosser, A.A. Stinnett, P.A. Goldman, L.W. Williams, M.G.M. Hunink, L. Goldman, and M.C. Weinstein.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapies according to Selected Patient Characteristics Lisa A. Prosser , Aaron A. Stinnett , Paula A. Goldman , Lawrence W. Williams , Maria G.M. Hunink , Lee Goldman , and Milton C. Weinstein Metrics 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10Page: 769KeywordsCholesterolDrugsHypercholesterolemiaLow density lipoproteinMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionQuality adjusted life yearsSimulation and modelingStatinsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Hepatology highlights
Authors: Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Alcohol Takes Many TollsThe livers of alcohol fed animals seem to be conditioned to be more susceptible to a variety of second hits.A variety of evidence has suggested that the second hit may be mediated by the innate immune response, including cytokines.Ethanol promotes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure via gut permeabilization, primes Kupffer cells to respond more strongly to LPS, and/or sensitizes target cells to the pro-inflammatory or lethal actions of cytokines.Gustot et al. examined the effect of oral ethanol feeding in mice on one aspect of this putative cascade, namely the expression and action of toll-like receptors (TLR) 1-9, the gatekeepers of the innate immune response.Previous alcohol work of others examined only the role of TLR4, the LPS receptor, but did not consider the other TLRs which respond to other bacterial and viral molecules.After 10 days, the oral ethanol feeding induced hepatic steatosis but no inflammation.Real-time PCR identified substantial increases in mRNA for TLR1,2,4,6,7,8,9 but not TLR 3 and 5 in response to ethanol.The mice were then challenged with ligands specific for individual receptors and exhibited increased TNF mRNA only in response to the ligands for receptors which were upregulated by ethanol, accompanied by marked increase in ALT and liver inflammatory foci.Antibiotics decreased fecal flora and moderately but significantly attenuated the hepatic steatosis (27.5% decrease) but did not decrease the effect of ethanol on expression of TLRs.Alcohol feeding was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GSH.Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with DPI suppressed oxidative stress and attenuated the ethanol induced steatosis while reducing the upregulation of TLR 2,4,6, and 9 but not TLR 1,7, and 8.The study demonstrates that ethanol upregulates a repertoire of TLRs which sensitize the liver to injury induced by specific ligands for these receptors.Bacterial products including, but not limited to LPS, and viral molecules thus evoke a myriad of injurious responses through their specific TLR targets.(See HEPA-
Errata
Journal: BMJ (1908)

Member," "A Member B.M.A.," "Enquirer," and so on.By attention to this request much confusion would be avoided.Correspondents are asked to write upon one side of the paper only.TUBERCLE desires to know of a sanatorium for tuberculous peritonitis with diarrhoea in a young woman able to make only a small weekly payment.SUSTENTACULUM asks: Is thiosinamin suitable for using in cirrhosis of the liver in a young man.If used orally,
Electron microscopy of urinary sediment in Fabry's disease
Authors: I. Stachura
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Authors of the CLINICAL NOTE "Urinary Ultrastructural Findings in Fabry Disease" (237:1121, 1977), Sheila M. Katz, MD, and Patricia J. Lyons, MD, concluded that electron microscopic examination of the urine may be useful in the diagnosis of Fabry's disease with renal involvement. In 1970 Duncan<sup>1</sup>reported three cases of Fabry's disease studied by electron microscopy. In two of his cases urinary sediment showed the presence of laminated, round osmiophilic bodies, similar to those found in renal foam cells. Duncan suggested that electron microscopic studies of urine for osmiophilic bodies may be of use as an indication of glomerular recovery in a follow-up of treated patients. Recently electron microscopic studies of gingival mucosa have also been used in the diagnosis of Fabry's disease. Osmiophilic bodies were found in endothelial, perithelial, fibroblastic, phagocytic, and epithelial cells of gingival mucosa of affected persons.<sup>2</sup> Early diagnosis of this interesting
Searching for patients lost in the system with chronic hepatitis C in a tertiary hospital: a problem still to be solved
Authors: Irene Andaluz, María del Mar Arcos, María Dolores Montero, Marisa Montes, Pilar Castillo, Luz Martin Carbonero, Francisco Javier Garcia-Samaniego Rey, Miriam Romero, Araceli García-Sánchez, José Carlos Erdozaín, Carmen Busca, Juan González, Antonio Olveira Martin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Phase II trial of O6-benzylguanine (O6BG) and BCNU in patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: T. F. Gajewski, J. Sosman, A. C. Peterson, S. Gerson, E. Dolan, E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7524 Background: While alkylating agents such as BCNU are active in melanoma, they give response rates of only 10–15%. BCNU induces DNA damage by formation of a chloroethyl adduct at the O6 position of guanine. This modification can be repaired by alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), and melanoma tumor cells can express high levels of AGT. O6BG is a potent inhibitor of AGT. We hypothesized that addition of O6BG would improve the clinical response to BCNU in patients with advanced melanoma. Methods: Patients had measurable disease, adequate organ function, PS≤ 2, and a corrected DLCO of ≥ 70% predicted. Patients were accrued into 2 cohorts based on whether or not they received prior chemotherapy. O6BG (120 mg/m2) was administered i.v. over 1 hour, followed by BCNU (40 mg/m2) i.v. over 1 hour, as an outpatient. PBMC were collected pre- O6BG and 18 hours later to assess for AGT depletion. Treatment cycles were repeated every 6 weeks and response using RECIST criteria was assessed every 2 cycles. Results: 42 patients were enrolled, 22 chemo-naive and 20 with prior chemo. In the chemo-naive cohort there were 1 CR, 4 SD, 13 PD, and 4 non-evaluable (NE) patients; the median time to progression (TTP) was 80d and the median survival (MS) was 211d. In the prior chemo cohort there were no objective responses, 3 SD, 15 PD, and 2 NE patients; the median TTP was 40d and the MS was 120d. The NE patients had clinical disease progression. AGT was effectively depleted from PBMC in the 15 patients tested (p<0.001). Grade 3/4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia (n=24), neutropenia (19), anemia (10), lymphopenia (7), fever (2), fatigue (2), hyponatremia (2), neuropathy (1), vomiting (1), decreased DLCO (1), and death (1). Toxicities were similar in the two cohorts. Conclusions: O6BG/BCNU was successfully administered on an outpatient basis and depleted AGT from PBMC. However, significant myelosuppression was seen and the clinical response rate was not greater than what is expected with BCNU alone. Although this regimen should not be explored further, administration of O6BG with other alkylating agents with greater single agent activity should be considered. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ANCHORING THE SNARE TIP USING A SMALL INCISION IN THE SUBMUCOSA FACILITATES EN BLOC ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION FOR SPORADIC DUODENAL ADENOMAS
Authors: J Rivory, M Pioche, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Sporadic duodenal adenomas (SDA) are rare with an estimated prevalence of 0.31% à 4.6% of upper gastrocopy. Nowadays, endoscopic resection is the recommended treatment for SDA thanks to its low morbidity and mortality compared to surgical duodenopancreatectomy. The reference technique of endoscopic resection is endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) with snare because of the high risk of perforation associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) Nevertheless, EMR's rate of En Bloc resection with free margins is lower than ESD resulting in a higher risk of local recurrence. Thus, it is commonly accepted to use EMR despite of the lower rate of curative resection in order to reduce the perforation rate. As previously demonstrated in the colon, snare tip anchoring is effective to improve snare positionning and allows to increase the size of the resected area. Compared to standard EMR, this strategy could increase the rate of R0 resection.
Psychopharmacological Drugs
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As adverse reactions to psychotherapeutic drugs have been reviewed recently in detail,<sup>1</sup>I shall attempt only to touch upon some new developments in this active field. <h3>Types of Reactions</h3><h3>Adverse Behavioral Reactions.—</h3> These drugs affect behavior favorably, but most of them also have the potential for making things worse rather than better. The most significant of the various adverse behavioral reactions are psychomotor impairment, habituation, and use of the drug to commit suicide. We can only plead gross ignorance of the effects of these agents on psychomotor function. Attempts to study such impairment are being made in the laboratory, but this situation resembles real life only slightly. There is much circumstantial evidence suggesting that sedative drugs definitely impair driving ability; on the other hand, patients may well be worse off without the drugs because uncontrolled emotional disorders also are likely to impair driving performance. For the moment, one can
8. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:<i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2019)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Pretreatment Laparotomy
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The primary cancer is the major obstacle to cure in cancer of the esophagus. In most series, the reported survival figures with present methods are 1% to 5% if all patients are included. The effect of regional lymph node involvement on survival could be appraised more realistically if local ablation was achieved. The basic rule in treatment of alimentary tract cancers is resection of the primary cancer with wide margins, and en bloc nodal resections. Although this approach is feasible with abdominal viscera in the stomach and colon, the lymphatic drainage of the esophagus is too dispersed to permit it. The lymph node echelons at risk in esophageal cancer include the cervical, supraclavicular, posterior mediastinal, retrotracheal, cardiac, and those of the lesser curvature regions. The abundant submucosal communications allow for rapid spread via peristaltic activity in the longitudinal axis of the esophagus; this communication system renders all nodal stations at
Xenon ventilation-perfusion lung scans. The early diagnosis of inhalation injury
Authors: G. L. Schall
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The use of xenon Xe 133 ventilation-perfusion lung scans for the early diagnosis of inhalation injury was evaluated in 67 patients with acute thermal burns. Study results were interpreted as normal if there was complete pulmonary clearance of the radioactive gas by 150 seconds. Thirty-two scans were normal, 32 abnormal, and three technically inadequate. There were three true false-positive study results and one false-negative study result. Good correlation was found between the scan results and various historical, physical, and laboratory values currently used to evaluate inhalation injury. The scans appeared to be the most sensitive method for the detection of early involvement, often being abnormal several days before the chest roentgenogram. Xenon lung scanning is a safe, easy, accurate, and sensitive method for the early diagnosis of inhalation injury and has important therapeutic and prognostic implications as well. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2441-2445, 1978)
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: B. S. Kramer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

BOOK REVIEWS Get access Nutrients and Cancer Prevention . Kedar N. Prasad , Frank L. Meyskens , eds. Clifton, N.J : Humana Press , 1990 . 347 pp., illus. $89.50 Barnett S. Kramer Barnett S. Kramer Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Executive PlazaNorth Rm.300H Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 9, 6 May 1992, Pages 719–720, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.9.719-a Published: 06 May 1992
Controversy surrounds use of test for open spina bifida
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The test that takes the first step in spotting the fetus with open spina bifida is about to enter general obstetric practice—and the prospect seems to worry just about everybody who has had any experience with it. Involved is an assay for the level of α-fetoprotein (α-fp) in maternal serum. Done at the right gestational age and provided certain other conditions—such as twins—are not present, the test can alert the physician to the possibility that the fetus has a neural tube defect (NTD). The initial α-fp test is ideally done at around 16 weeks of gestational age, and although additional tests are required to rule out other causes of a raised maternal serum α-fp, they can be done in time to permit an abortion of an affected fetus if the parents so choose. The way to widespread use of the test was cleared last month when the Food
Helicopters in emergency trauma care
Authors: H. R. Champion
Journal: JAMA (1983)

During the past ten years, a number of changes have been implemented in emergency health care systems with the intention of reducing the mortality, morbidity, and cost of trauma in the United States. The cornerstone of such health care systems modifications has been the trauma center—a hospital that meets explicit criteria and is committed to excellence in the care of the critically injured. Another important and expensive change has been the increased use of helicopters to reduce the time between injury and surgical care, an issue germane to improving trauma outcome. Some 55 hospitals in the United States currently operate their own helicopter programs, and many others receive patients from public-service—operated rotorcraft. Determining the impact of trauma centers and helicopters on trauma patient outcome has been hampered by the inability to control for case mix. Injury severity indices that correlate with patient outcome have recently been combined with state-of-the-art statistical
A Decision Aid for Recognizing and Treating Heart Attacks Quickly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients16 July 2002A Decision Aid for Recognizing and Treating Heart Attacks QuicklySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-2-200207160-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Heart attacks occur when blood flow through the arteries to the heart (coronary arteries) is blocked long enough to damage a portion of heart muscle. Heart attacks usually cause symptoms such as severe chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, or a feeling of impending doom. Most people with heart attacks also have abnormal heart tracings (electrocardiograms [ECGs]) that suggest poor blood flow to the heart.Recognizing heart attacks quickly is important. If given within a few hours of a heart attack, special “clot-buster” drugs (thrombolytics) and procedures with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Use of the Electrocardiograph-Based Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument To Assist Thrombolytic and Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction. A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Effectiveness Trial.” It is in the 16 July 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 87-95). The authors are HP Selker, JR Beshansky, and JL Griffith, for the TPI Trial Investigators.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUse of the Electrocardiograph-Based Thrombolytic Predictive Instrument To Assist Thrombolytic and Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Effectiveness Trial Harry P. Selker , Joni R. Beshansky , John L. Griffith , and Metrics 16 July 2002Volume 137, Issue 2Page: I-24KeywordsAngioplastyBlood flowComputersCoronary arteriesElectrocardiographyMyocardial infarctionMyocardiumPrimary hypertensionReperfusionStroke ePublished: 16 July 2002 Issue Published: 16 July 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Richard Paul Spencer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PIGMENT cells, normal and abnormal, have been A the subject of much recent biologic and chemical study.1,2 This report summarizes such data, and in addition presents the current understanding of the genesis, diagnosis and therapy of the malignant melanoma.MelanocytesMelanin production occurs only in cells, normal or neoplastic, possessing the enzyme tyrosinase that catalyzes the reaction: tyrosine → melanin. Tyrosinase-containing cells have been demonstrated principally in the epidermis, eye and meninges; these areas are the most frequent locations of the malignant melanoma. Numerous explanations have been offered for the occurrence of melanin outside such sites, including the extracellular escape . . .