tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PCBs as Environmental Estrogens: Turtle Sex Determination as a Biomarker of Environmental Contamination
Authors: Judith M. Bergeron, David Crews, John A. McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread, low-level environmental pollutants associated with adverse health effects such as immune suppression and teratogenicity. There is increasing evidence that some PCB compounds are capable of disrupting reproductive and endocrine function in fish, birds, and mammals, including humans, particularly during development. Research on the mechanism through which these compounds act to alter reproductive function indicates estrogenic activity, whereby the compounds may be altering sexual differentiation. Here we demonstrate the estrogenic effect of some PCBs by reversing gonadal sex in a reptile species that exhibits temperature-dependent sex determination.
Clinical Epidemiology: A Basic Science for Clinical Medicine
Authors: Steven D. Helgerson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The second edition of<i>Clinical Epidemiology</i>, like the first edition six years before, is infused with the authors' enthusiasm for the subject. The book has been enhanced by the revision of several chapters and the addition of another ("How to Read Reviews and Economic Analyses"). Two ineffective original chapters have been deleted. The result is an improved book for "users," as opposed to "doers," of clinical research. I feel still, as I did in reviewing the first edition,<sup>1</sup>that those who wish to conduct actual research studies will probably need to look elsewhere for detailed discussion of clinical epidemiologic methodology. An exception to this assessment, however, is probably the thorough discussion of the N-of-1 strategy (pp 224-244). The book's main strength remains its clear and practical explanations of a wide variety of epidemiologic concepts. Useful references are included at the end of each chapter for readers who may wish
Physiology and natural history of obesity
Authors: R. A. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Physiologic studies reported here show that obese persons use carbohydrate, fat, and protein normally during rest and exercise and are not unusually efficient in the use of these energy substrates. Obese subjects mobilize fat stores for energy as readily as normals. It is not necessary to overeat to become obese; the decrease of basal calorie requirements with age is such that obesity can develop with advancing age while exercise remains constant, even if food intake is reduced to some extent. Subjects tested were persons of various ages whose intake of food ranged from that of hypophagia to that of hyperphagia and whose body weights varied similarly.
Cytochrome P-450 Isozymes and Monooxygenase Activity in Aquatic Animals
Authors: John J. Stegeman, Pamela J. Kloepper-Sams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The roles of different forms of cytochrome P-450 in activation and deactivation of toxic chemicals, synthesis and breakdown of steroid hormones, and other functions, indicate the significance of these enzymes. Monooxygenase systems have been studied in species from several phyla of aquatic organisms. However, cytochrome P-450, the dominant catalyst in xenobiotic monooxygenase activity, is best studied in fish. Forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from several teleost species, including scup (Stenotomus chrysops), rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and cod (Gadus morhua). Cytochrome P-450E from scup, cytochrome P-450 LM4b from trout, and cytochrome P-450c from cod have properties similar to each other and appear to be homologous hydrocarbon or BNF-inducible isozymes. Partially purified cytochrome DBA-P-450-I from little skate, Raja erinacea, is possibly an elasmobranch counterpart of these teleost forms. Cytochrome P-450E from scup is immunochemically related to the major BNF-inducible isozyme (cytochrome P-450c or BNF-B) in rats, indicating homology between the fish and mammalian BNF-inducible isozymes. Several other cytochrome P-450 forms with interesting or unusual properties have been purified from aquatic species. Mammalian homologs are not yet known for these isozymes. Further studies of cytochrome P-450 forms in aquatic species should establish additional homologies and the regulation of these forms by chemical and biological variables, possibly providing fundamental insights into the function and evolution of these proteins.
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on circulating levels of ICAM, VCAM, VEGF and VEGFD in women with lymph node positive breast cancer.(NOGGO trial)
Authors: H. Eggemann, S. Kuemmel, D. Lueftner, J. Krocker, A. Thomas, S. Korlach, K. Ulm, T. Zeiser, J. Blohmer, D. Elling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

9602 Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) play a role in cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium, and may have a role in tumour cell dissemination. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been proposed as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer, because as one of the important factors involved in angiogenesis. Our aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chemotherapy on plasma levels of ICAM, VCAM, VEGF und VEGFD in patients with breast cancer and to compare their levels among patients with different pathological features. Methods: Patients with resected breast cancer involving 1–3 axillary lymph nodes were treated in conventional 21d intervalls with ECT (Arm A): 4x epirubicin (90mg/m2, d1) /cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2, d1) followed by 4x paclitaxel (175 mg/m2, d1). Arm B was treated with dose-dense ET in 14 days intervalls: 4x of epirubicin (120mg/m2, d1) followed by 4x paclitaxel (175 mg/m2, 3h, d1) with obligatory G-CSF support (5 mg/kg G-CSF d5–10). Blood samples of 83 patients (45 pat. Arm A, 38 pat. Arm B) were collected before chemotherapy (group BEFORE) and after administration of 8 cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy (group AFTER). Plasma levels of ICAM, VCAM, VEGF and VEGFD were measured with commercially available ELISA assays. Results: The plasma ICAM level before chemotherapy was significantly higher (p<0,017) in postmenopausal patients. The plasma VCAM level showed significant cross-correlation with VEGF (p<0,025) and VEGF-D levels (p<0,039) before chemotherapy. In addition, ICAM und VCAM levels after chemotherapy were significantly higher than ICAM (p<0,0001) and VCAM levels (p<0,001) before chemotherapy. Measured levels of VCAM after chemotherapy were significantly higher in ARM B with dose-intensification of ET. Conclusions: We conclude there are higher levels of adhesion molecules after chemotherapy and a cross-correlation to VEGF and VEGF-D. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transplantation
Authors: M. A. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The shortage of available organs in relation to the potential recipient pool remains the major factor limiting progress in transplantation. Efforts to maximize the efficacy of organ transplantation have focused on both improving immunosuppressive therapy and identifying those factors in both donor and recipient that adversely affect graft survival. Cyclosporine, the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy in transplantation, has improved graft survival of all organs. Multicenter studies have not substantiated concerns regarding the nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine; in a cohort of 1663 renal transplant recipients, a median increase in the serum creatinine level of 0.0884 μmol/L (0.001 mg/dL) per month occurred during a 3-year period, and the serum creatinine level was inversely correlated with cyclosporine dose.<sup>1</sup> Tacrolimus (FK 506), a macrolide with a mechanism of action similar to that of cyclosporine, has been widely studied in clinical trials and was approved for liver transplantation in April 1994. The US Multicenter
Blood banks give HTLV-III test positive appraisal at five months
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The nation's blood supply is measurably safer than it was five months ago—at least as far as the risk of transmitting the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is concerned. This is the conclusion from experience to date with the tests for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) antibody being used by blood banks to screen out potentially AIDS-infected blood. Data from experience with the tests were reported at a meeting held in Bethesda, Md, at the National Institutes of Health in association with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, Md, and the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. "The general impression is that, after the first five months, these tests are doing an extremely good job of screening potentially AIDS-infectious blood units out of the blood supply," said Harry M. Meyer, Jr, MD, director of the Center for Drugs and Biologics at the FDA. The HTLV-III or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV)
Author Name Omitted.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

While everyone panics about bird flu, a more immediate threat is advancing across the USA, says an editorial. The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing rapidly outside traditional hospital settings, and in some communities MRSA is already an established pathogen, especially in children and healthy young adults. Community acquired MRSA is not simply a hospital MRSA that has escaped. The two best known clones, USA 300 and USA 400, are genetically different from any staphylococci found in hospitals. They behave differently too, causing a wide range of diseases—from minor skin infections to overwhelming and rapidly lethal pneumonia. The response from doctors and other guardians of the public health has so far been muted, partly because the epidemic has happened so fast. In a recent study in one area of Atlanta, Georgia (pp 309-17), nearly three quarters of all community acquired staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infections were caused by methicillin resistant strains, predominantly the USA 300 clone. Other parts of the US are similarly afflicted. Unlike their hospital acquired cousins, community acquired MRSA infections remain treatable with a range of antibiotics, including vancomyin. The editorial urges doctors to get to know the pathogen so they can test for it (by culturing samples from skin and soft tissue infections) and treat it appropriately. Many superficial infections have a telltale necrotic patch in the centre. Ann Intern Med 2006;144: 368–70 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] We already know that airborne pollution is bad for you, especially the small particles in pollution from traffic, heavy industry, and power stations. Particles with a diameter of up to 10 μm across are associated with increased rates of hospital admission in exposed populations, but little is known about finer particles, even though they are likely to reach much smaller and more vulnerable airways when inhaled. Researchers from the US exploited two large nationwide … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DMoellering%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BC.%26rft.volume%253D144%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D368%26rft.epage%253D370%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Bgrowing%2Bmenace%2Bof%2Bcommunity-acquired%2Bmethicillin-resistant%2BStaphylococcus%2Baureus.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00014%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16520479%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00014&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16520479&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F332%2F7542%2F654.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000235965300009&link_type=ISI
Methadone and AZT Treatment
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal of Hygiene, London
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
American Journal of Human Genetics, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mandatory treatment for drug use during pregnancy
Authors: W. Chavkin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE CRACK epidemic is unique among American drug waves because of the high level of involvement of young women.<sup>1,2</sup>In response to this, there have been attempts to impose criminal sanctions on pregnant women who use drugs or alcohol. To date, there have been 50 efforts to prosecute women for using drugs or alcohol while pregnant, with two convictions, and at least seven states have legislation pending that would alter child protective laws to encompass drug use during pregnancy under the rubric of fetal abuse.<sup>3,4</sup>Fueled by hotly contested political controversies, such as the legal status of the fetus and the criminalization of addiction, the debate has generally polarized between therapy or sanction. Some have proposed mandatory treatment for pregnant women as a compromise. This article examines other experiences with mandatory treatment to assess whether such treatment has proven efficacious, whether these
Insulin Attenuates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I)-Akt Pathway, not IGF-I-Extracellularly Regulated Kinase Pathway, in Luteinized Granulosa Cells with an Increase in PTEN
Authors: Akira Iwase, Maki Goto, Toko Harata, Sachiko Takigawa, Tatsuo Nakahara, Kyosuke Suzuki, Shuichi Manabe, Fumitaka Kikkawa
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Insulin resistance is considered as part of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and PCOS patients often show hyperinsulinemia. The influence of insulin on folliculogenesis in women with PCOS has not been fully investigated. Our objective was to assess the induction of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression with insulin treatment and effects of PTEN on IGF-I-induced granulosa cell proliferation as well as the correlation of PTEN levels with the concentration of insulin in follicular fluid in PCOS and non-PCOS patients. A cell proliferation assay, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting for PTEN, Akt, and ERK1/2 were conducted in primary cultured granulosa cells under IGF-I stimulation with or without insulin pretreatment. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 was also determined by Western blotting. We also measured the insulin concentration in follicular fluid and the levels of PTEN expression in granulosa cells collected at the time of oocyte retrieval of in vitro fertilization in PCOS (n = 13) and non-PCOS patients (n = 37). PTEN expression was induced by insulin. Pretreatment with insulin attenuated the IGF-I-induced Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation. A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited the IGF-I-induced cell proliferation. Suppression of insulin-induced PTEN expression using small interfering RNA recovered IGF-I-induced Akt phosphorylation. PTEN levels in granulosa cells, which tended to be higher in PCOS patients, were correlated with the insulin concentration in follicular fluid. PTEN may influence the proliferation of human granulosa cells as well as disturbance of follicular growth in PCOS patients.
Antagonistic Effect of Nickel on the Fermentative Growth of Escherichia coli K-12 and Comparison of Nickel and Cobalt Toxicity on the Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth
Authors: Long-Fei Wu, Clarisse Navarro, Karinne de Pina, Martine Quenard, Marie-Andree Mandrand
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)
Abstract CT111: Preclinical justification for the Phase II clinical trial ADI-PEG 20 in combination with gemcitabine and docetaxel for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Bethany C. Prudner, Richa Rathore, Abigail Godec, Samuel F. Chang, Angela Hirbe, Brian A. Van Tine
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The response to acute and long-term arginine starvation results in an adaptive metabolic reprogramming that can be harnessed for therapeutic opportunities in ASS1-negative tumors. In examining modulations within the pyrimidine pathway, we identified that the addition of docetaxel (DTX) to cells treated with arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20) results in a stabilized and translocation c-Myc to the nucleus. This effect drives increased hENT1 cell surface, allowing for the uptake of gemcitabine (GEM) and related analogues. This can be attenuated via a c-Myc/Max heterodimerization inhibitor. Combination experiments showed that the addition of ADI-PEG20 to the combination of GEM and DTX was synergistic. In addition, this combination can be used to overcome intrinsic hENT related GEM resistance to increase GEM uptake. In vivo studies indicate that the triple combination was optimal for tumor growth inhibition providing the preclinical mechanisms and justification for the ongoing clinical trial NCT03449901 ADI-PEG 20 in Combination With Gemcitabine and Docetaxel for the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Citation Format: Bethany C. Prudner, Richa Rathore, Abigail Godec, Samuel F. Chang, Angela Hirbe, Brian A. Van Tine. Preclinical justification for the Phase II clinical trial ADI-PEG 20 in combination with gemcitabine and docetaxel for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT111.
From Internal Combustion to Electricity
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal