tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weighty Issue During Pregnancy
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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脂溢性皮炎在中老年人群中的发病率及决定因素:鹿特丹研究
Authors: M.G.H. Sanders, L.M. Pardo, O.H. Franco, R.S. Ginger, T. Nijsten
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

脂溢性皮炎是一种常见的皮肤病,见于头皮、面部及胸部,主要表现为炎症和脂性鳞屑。虽然尚不清楚脂溢性皮炎的病因,但研究者认为马拉色氏酵母菌的过度生长是脂溢性皮炎的部分原因。若干其他因素也与此类疾病有关;年龄、性别、肥胖、肤色、压力、沮丧、教育程度、高血压、气候、皮肤干燥、饮酒以及吸烟等因素都与脂溢性皮炎有关,但相关性证据通常并无定论。该研究旨在确定与脂溢性皮炎有关的生活方式及生理因素。该研究中的数据来自针对荷兰中老年人群开展的鹿特丹研究,旨在研究这些之前报告的因素。研究依据在于,了解决定因素可以在脂溢性皮炎的病理生理学方面提供新的见解,以便采取预防策略和/或新的治疗方案。在鹿特丹研究中,5,498 位参与者进行了全身皮肤检查,其中 788 位罹患脂溢性皮炎。作者发现,男性、肤色浅、冬季以及全身干燥皮肤可增加脂溢性皮炎发病率,其他因素则与脂溢性皮炎无关。此外,作者分析了研究性别差异能否通过激素差异来解释,但他们发现激素与脂溢性皮炎之间并无关联。在已发现的关联中,干燥皮肤似乎最容易带来影响。因此,增强皮肤屏障可以作为脂溢性皮炎治疗中的一个目标。
Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in advanced pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Ashley Baldwin, Madappa N Kundranda, Eric Todd, Robert P. Whitehead, Rachel Winston, David J Weitz, Melinda Kelley, Toufic Kachaamy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15222 Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) patients have multiple risk factors for malnutrition including digestive enzyme deficiency, gastric outlet obstruction and post prandial abdominal pain. In order to assess prognosis and triage patients at risk for malnutrition, accurate nutrition assessment is crucial. Overweight (Ow) or obese (Ob) patients pose a particular challenge and weight status should not be the only determining nutritional assessment tool. Sarcopenia (Sp) is defined as muscle mass (MM) two standard deviations below the healthy adult mean. It has been demonstrated in multiple studies to be a more accurate indicator of nutritional status. Sp is associated with poor clinical outcomes and lower survival in other conditions such as cirrhosis. Radiologic assessment of MM can be obtained reliably from computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods: All patients with advanced PC who had baseline CT scans were included in this study. MM assessment was performed using an automated software (SliceOmatic , Tomovision, Montreal) and the skeletal muscle index(SMI) was calculated at level of the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae. Multiple patient characteristics were assessed including demographics, weight, body mass index (BMI), cancer stage, treatment received and survival. Sp was defined as an L3 SMI of less than 38.5 in women and 52.4 in men. Survival analysis was performed using SAS software and Log-rank and Wilcoxon statistics. Results: 167 patients, 49% female, 62% with sarcopenia (S+), 44% Ow/Ob (O+) and 14% sarcopenic and Ow/Ob (S+O+). Patients received a variety of treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. There was a trend towards lower survival in S+O+ patients while patients who were S-O+ survived the longest. Median survival in months was 6.2 for S+O+, 7.1 for S+O-, 7.8 for S-O- and 10 for S-O+. Conclusions: Patients with sarcopenia appear to have decreased survival especially if overweight/obese. This suggests that overweight/obese pancreatic cancer patients with sarcopenia may derive the most benefit from aggressive nutritional interventions. Well powered prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation and study the effects of aggressive nutritional interventions in this subgroup of patients.
The chemotherapy of brain tumors. Clinical experience with carmustine (BCNU) and vincristine
Authors: D. Fewer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Eighty-one patients with recurrent primary or metastatic brain tumors were treated with carmustine (BCNU [1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1nitrosourea]) alone or carmustine and vincristine sulfate combined, and their responses analyzed. A response was defined as a clear clinical improvement unrelated to corticosteroid therapy. The overall response rate with carmustine was 48% and with the combination, 30%. In patients with glioblastoma, the response rates were 53% and 25%, respectively. The most responsive tumors were ependymomas; the least responsive, metastatic. The dose-limiting toxicity of carmustine was exclusively hematologic; of vincristine, exclusively neurologic, and severe enough to make drug effectiveness difficult to assess. We conclude that carmustine is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, with an acceptable level of toxicity, for the treatment of brain tumors. Vincristine did not enhance the effectiveness of carmustine and we have discontinued the use of these drugs in combination.
Chronic prostatic melioidosis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Authors: R. E. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<i>PSEUDOMONAS pseudomallei</i>can cause disease in man varying from subclinical to chronic. Asymptomatic infection, detected by notable titers of specific antibodies, has been reported in as many as 20% of the healthy population in endemic areas. Acute illness is usually fulminant and begins either as a pneumonia or septicemia and may result in multiple metastatic abscesses in virtually any organ of the body. The chronic form of the disease usually involves the lungs, but it may also cause localized suppurative infection of bones, joints, liver, spleen, kidneys, and skin. Genital infection with<i>P pseudomallei</i>is rare in man; however, epididymitis was a constant postmortem finding of melioidosis in military dogs in Vietnam. We report the case of a patient with chronic prostatic infection with<i>P pseudomallei</i>; over a six-year period, four culture-documented relapses and one serologically documented relapse occurred. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In July 1970, one month after arriving
Breast cancer in hypothyroid women using thyroid supplements
Authors: D. A. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The risk of breast cancer associated with thyroid supplementation for iatrogenic hypothyroidism was investigated in women treated for hyperthyroidism at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. One or more years after the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, there were 47 cases of breast cancer observed among 1,665 women compared with 52.9 cases expected, a ratio of observed to expected cases (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) of 0.9. There was also no breast cancer excess among women who remained euthyroid (SIR=1.0). Breast cancer risks were not influenced by various factors associated with the management of hyperthyroidism or subsequent hypothyroidism. No increased risk was observed in hypothyroid women categorized by breast cancer risk factors except for women who reported a previous breast biopsy, an excess also observed among euthyroid patients. The results of this study indicate that use of thyroid supplements does not increase the risk of breast cancer developing. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:616-619)
Tranquilizer Control
Authors: Arthur Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A comprehensive program to reduce the distribution of tranquilizing drugs was established in a clinic serving an American Indian population of 6,000. Clinic staff, patients, and other community physicians were informed about the general problem of tranquilizer drug abuse. Individual counseling, written material, and mental health referrals were helpful in freeing patients from drug use. The program yielded a 52% decrease in tranquilizing pills dispensed from the clinic and a 33% decrease in the total number of prescriptions written for these drugs.
Free Papers
Authors: L. S. Brandi, R. Bertolini, M. Pieri, M. Calafà, F. Giunta, M. Imhoff, M. Bauer, H. C. Hansen, K. Helmke, K. Kunze, L. W. Coule, E. J. Truemper, C. M. Steinhart, B. P. Toben, G. Mundigler, H. Gabriel, M. Zehetgruber, A. Kranz, G. Rehak, P. Siostrzonek, B. A. McKinley, C. L. Parmley, R. E. Dalmeida, J. Mayhew, C. Angel, A. Faltlhauser, W. Erhardt, O. Gödje, B. Reichart, U. Pfeiffer, W. Röll, O. Dewald, Ch. Schmitz, H. Vetter, C. Apenburg, M. Specht, P. Christensen, P. Klint Andersen
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Insect Repellent Reference
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Report on Use of Selected Medical Device Implants
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioral Ototoxicology
Authors: W. C. Stebbins, M. C. Rudy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Methods for the evaluation in experimental animals of toxic substances that produce hearing impairment are described. In the experiments reported here, animals were trained by positive reinforcement operant conditioning procedures so that their hearing could be examined by behavioral means. When normal hearing was established, aminoglycosidic antibiotics (kanamycin and dihydrostreptomycin) were given daily and hearing tests administered in order that the course of hearing loss could be closely followed. Initial loss of sensitivity to the high frequencies always progressed in time to impairment at the low frequencies, and these changes in hearing were correlated with a loss of receptor cells in the inner ear which started in the basal region of the cochlea and advanced toward the apex. Although such behavioral procedures are moderately expensive to instrument and relatively time-consuming to apply, they are shown to yield valid quantitative measures of hearing. Further, they provide for reliable early detection of the toxic process and a measure of behavioral impairment that can be precisely related to the histopathological changes that occur simultaneously in the inner ear and auditory nerve.
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;KRAS&lt;/emph&gt; Genotypes and Outcome in Patients With Chemotherapy-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab
Authors: Chen Mao
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

The first two sentences on page 258 were given as:We compared outcomes of the AREN0532 patients with outcomes of similar patients who received the same therapy in NWTS-5 (n 5 780) by log-rank testing.The 4-year EFS in NWTS-5 was 84.4% (95% CI, 81.8% to 87.1%; P 5 .0597)and 4-year OS was 93.2% (95% CI, 91.3% to 95.1%; P 5 .0046). It should have read as:We compared outcomes of the AREN0532 patients with outcomes of similar patients from the NWTS-5 studied and followed cohorts who received the same therapy in NWTS-5 (n 5 716) by the log-rank test.The 4-year EFS in NWTS-5 was 86.5% (95% CI, 83.8% to 89.1%; P 5 .39)and 4-year OS was 94.5% (95% CI, 92.8% to 96.3%; P 5 0.08).This has been corrected as of September 5, 2019.
Transdermal nicotine: clarifications, side effects, and funding
Authors: J. P. Ottervanger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The letters from Drs Hughes, McAfee, and Ottervanger et al, in reference to our review of transdermal nicotine, touch on a number of interesting points. Regarding Hughes' comments, we agree that gastrointestinal complaints and headaches are not core features of tobacco withdrawal; rather, these are among the range of symptoms smokers who have recently quit report (as reported in Hughes' and Hatsukami's research<sup>1</sup>), and clinicians should be aware of them. Reports of drowsiness may well be secondary to the sleep disruption associated with smoking cessation. There is evidence that weight gain is positively associated with abstinence from smoking over the long term. However, research also shows that fear of weight gain can be a short-term precipitant of relapse.<sup>2</sup>The issue of weight gain is a serious problem that requires more scientific study, including the role that nicotine replacement therapy may play in delaying weight gain. We
Listeria sepsis immediately preceding renal transplant rejection
Authors: F. O. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CLINICAL manifestations of viral infections have been temporally and causally associated with the onset of acute renal transplant rejection.<sup>1-3</sup>It has been postulated that the development of a viral infection in the transplant recipient could upset the immunological balance that has permitted the recipient to tolerate the foreign organ.<sup>1</sup>It is of interest, however, that, to our knowledge, the occurrence of significant bacterial infections immediately prior to the clinical manifestations of acute rejection has not been previously documented. We have recently treated three renal transplant recipients in whom sepsis with<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>developed several days before the clinical appearance of acute rejection episodes. It is suggested that the bacterial sepsis may have contributed to the development of the transplant rejection. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 31-year-old man with Alport syndrome underwent maintenance hemodialysis for two years. He was admitted to Yale-New Haven Hospital on Aug 31,1974, for
The Goulstonian Lectures on Puerperal Fever
Authors: R. J. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1875)

nor faintness on exertion, has ever been absent in the later stages of the disease.But there is not perhaps one of the other peculiar symptoms which is inva.riablyobserved.Every phvsician is sufficiently awAare that this is equally true with respect to every other organic disease.It is only in the comparatively small number of cases in which an organic disease runs a long uncomplicated chronic course, that we can look for the fuill de- velopment of all its peculiar symptoms.The absence of some of these, therefore, in complicated cases, or in cases of short duration, cannot be regarded in Addison's disease, more than in any other organic disease, as militating against the connection between such symptoms and the pathological conditions with which they are associated.
Early Childhood Vaccination Levels
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Rituximab Maintenance for the Treatment of Patients With Follicular Lymphoma: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized trials
Authors: Marco Tuccori, Daniele Focosi, Corrado Blandizzi, Mario Del Tacca, Mario Petrini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Vidal et al. ( 1 ) reported a higher rate of severe infectious diseases in patients receiving maintenance rituximab for the treatment of follicular lymphoma than in patients who did not receive maintenance rituximab therapy.We recently observed several cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients who had been treated with rituximab for non-Hodgkin lymphoma at the Division of Hematology at the University Hospital of Pisa.Because the publication of cases of rituximab-associated PML led to concerns within pharmacovigilance groups ( 2 ), we retrospectively reviewed our clinical records with the aim of calculating the incidence rate of PML in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma who had been treated with regimens including rituximab.Data on HIV-negative patients who received the first dose of rituximab from January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2008, were analyzed.The follow-up period was from the first rituximab dose to the last recorded visit, up to September 30, 2008.PML cases were included if symptoms occurred at least 1 month after the first dose of rituximab and the diagnosis was supported by magnetic resonance imaging and detection of JC polyomavirus DNA in stereotactic brain biopsies and/or cerebrospinal fluid.We collected data from 821 consecutive patients throughout the follow-up period.All patients received chemotherapy other than rituximab, and all completed their entire treatment course at the Hematology Unit in Pisa.No radiation therapy was administered.The median time of follow-up was 20 months (range = 1 -106 months), resulting in 1725 patient-years at risk.Five patients with PML (two receiving maintenance rituximab) were identified, with an incidence rate of 2.89 cases per 1000 patient-years.In addition, we reviewed the English literature using PubMed and EMBASE, without limits of time, for studies evaluating the incidence of PML in different populations to compare our data with previous observations.Only studies reporting the incidence rate, or data from which the incidence rate could be estimated ( 3 -8 ), were selected ( Table 1 ).We found that the incidence rate of PML in our population exceeded that observed in patients who are traditionally regarded as being at high risk of PML, namely patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( 4 ) and AIDS ( 6 ).Based on the recent study of Vidal et al. ( 1 ), rituximab might be a potential contributing factor to the development of PML in these patients.Nevertheless, rituximab currently represents an essential therapeutic tool that can positively affect the natural history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.However, because of the expanding therapeutic indications [eg, Vidal et al. ( 1 ) demonstrated the effi cacy of this drug as maintenance
The Anatomy of the Root-Canals of the Teeth of the Permanent Dentition.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal