tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis among immigrants in Britain. Memorandum from the Joint Tuberculosis Committee.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Tuberculosis is much commoner among immigrants to Britain than among the native-born. In 1971, 5% of the population were immigrants yet they accounted for 32% of tuberculosis cases. The notification rate among immigrants is falling in some areas but rising in others, and many immigrants are still arriving in Britain. Most immigrants arrive at London Airport, and as many as possible are x=rayed there with the resources available; Many cases escape detection, however, and it is therefore important that accurate information about all immigrants is sent to the medical officer for environmental health at their destination. New arrivals should then be sought out, tuberculin-tested, and positive reactors x-rayed. All those who are tuberculin-negative should be vaccinated with BCG whatever their age. Positive reactors should undergo annual radiography and be encouraged to report symptoms early. For both new and established immigrants with strongly positive tuberculin reactions chemoprophylaxis is suggested. All children of immigrants should be given BCG at birth and tuberculin-tested when they start school so that omissions can be rectified. Implementation of these recommendations could contribute considerably to the control of tuberculosis in Britain.
Rheumatoid Factor in Serum and Joint Fluid
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resource utilization among neuroendocrine tumor patients in the United States.
Authors: Roman Casciano, Maruit Chulikavit, Rohan Parikh, Lee Stern, Zhimei Liu, Xufang Wang, Jonathan R. Strosberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

251 Background: Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) constitute over 100,000 prevalent cases in the United States (US), with predicted increase of incidence in the future. Advanced NET is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Resource use was assessed for managing advanced NET. Methods: As part of a global study, an online survey was administered to US physicians to quantify resource use among advanced pancreatic (pNET) and lung/gastrointestinal (GI) NET patients. The study collected resource use data (treatments, visits with survey and other physicians, surgery and hospitalizations) for baseline (diagnosis to 1 st disease progression [DP]), 1 st and 2 nd DP periods. DP was defined as measurable/radiographic evidence of tumor progression. As patients with 2 nd DP were likely to be less, resources were estimated in a hypothetical scenario. Results: 55 US physicians provided data on 110 NET patients (36.4% pNET, 63.6% Lung/GI NET). Average follow up in baseline was 14.0 and 13.3 months for pNET and Lung/GI NET, respectively; in 1 st DP period, it was 5.7 and 7.9 months, respectively. For 2 nd DP, it was assumed to be 12 months. Table 1 shows resource use for baseline and 1 st DP. Increased use of chemotherapy, somatostatin analogs, hospitalization and other physician visits was observed during 1 st DP, especially for pNET patients. Targeted therapy use was minimal at baseline and 1 st DP; however it may increase in 2 nd DP. Conclusions: Among advanced NET patients, resource use is generally high and there appears to be increase in resource use upon DP, especially in patients with pNET. [Table: see text]
THE SCIENTIFIC EXHIBIT.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

We print this week<sup>1</sup>the report of the Committee on Pathologic Exhibit at the Saratoga meeting. This exhibit has now been a feature of the annual sessions of the American Medical Association for three successive years and has attracted a great deal of attention. Being in the beginning stage it naturally has been open to some criticism. That it has lacked definiteness of purpose, and that the best possible use of the material has not been had, is not to be wondered at. Now the scope of the exhibit has been broadened, as is shown by the change of title from Pathologic Exhibit to Scientific Exhibit, and at the last session of the House of Delegates arranged for co-operation on the part of the sections with the committee arranging the exhibit. Would not the value of the exhibit be materially increased if the secretaries of the sections could secure
Pulmonary calcification after chicken-pox.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Leading Articles electrocardiography and ear oximetry.The electrocardio- graph provides a record of the heart rate, perhaps the most useful single index of the circulatory response to exercise, and it may also reveal evidence of effort ischaemia in the form of changes in the level of the S-T segment.Muscle artifact is eliminated by attaching the leads to chest and forehead, a method which gives a tracing closely resembling standard lead V4.6 Ear oximetry also provides information from a relatively static part of the body surface.It will show whether oxygen desaturation of the blood occurs during exercise, and it can be used to measure cardiac output by a dye-dilution technique.Cardiac output during exercise can also be obtained by catheterization, which at the same time may show transvalvular gradients and raised pulmonary vascular or intracardiac pressures that were not apparent at rest; for this purpose a cycle ergometer can be adapted to the supine posture of the patient.Other forms of internal intuba- tion used mainly for respiratory studies-for example, bronchial and oesophageal catheterization-are generally inappropriate for exercise studies.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Inflammation and Tissue Injury during Endotoxemia and Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Nishit S. Shah, Timothy R. Billiar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Since the discovery that nitric oxide ('NO) accounts for the biologic activity of endothelial-derived relaxing factor, a torrent of research over the last decade has focused on its role, protective or detrimental, in myriad pathophysiologic conditions.Recently, increasing attention has focused on 'NO as a possible mediator of the severe hypotension and impaired vasoreactivity characteristic of circulatory failure.Given the ubiquitous and complex role of 'NO in biologic systems, inhibition of 'NO synthesis in experimental and clinical studies of shock has yielded mixed, sometimes contradictory, results.Although overproduction of 'NO in the vasculature may result in systemic vasodilatation, 'NO synthesis has also clearly been shown to have a beneficial role in regulating organ perfusion and mediating cytotoxicity.In this review, the pathophysiologic importance of 'NO in septic shock and hemorrhagic shock is discussed, and novel therapeutic strategies for manipulation
Relief of bowel-related symptoms with telotristat etiprate in octreotide refractory carcinoid syndrome: Preliminary results of a placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
Authors: Thomas M. O'Dorisio, Alexandria T. Phan, Robert M. Langdon, Billie J. Marek, Nadeem Ikhlaque, Emily K. Bergsland, Joel Freiman, Linda Law, Phillip Lee Banks, Kenneth Frazier, Jessica Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, Matthew Kulke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

312 Background: Diarrhea associated with carcinoid syndrome (CS) has been attributed to tumor production of serotonin. Telotristat etiprate, (LX1032, LX1606), is an oral inhibitor of peripheral serotonin synthesis. This study explored the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of telotristat etiprate in carcinoid patients with octreotide-refractory diarrhea. Methods: Carcinoid patients with &gt;4 bowel movements (BM)/day on octreotide were randomized 3:1 to receive telotristat etiprate or placebo. Patients enrolled in sequential, escalating dose cohorts of 150, 250, 350, or 500 mg tid, followed by a 500 mg tid expansion cohort. Patients were followed for toxicity, 24-hr urinary 5-HIAA (u5-HIAA) secretion, BM frequency, and self-reported relief of bowel-related symptoms. Subjects were asked “In the past 7 days, have you had adequate relief of your carcinoid syndrome bowel complaints such as diarrhea, urgent need to have a bowel movement, abdominal pain or discomfort?” Responses (yes or no) were analyzed as categorical variables. Results: 16 patients enrolled in the 4 escalating dose cohorts and 7 in the expansion cohort; 18 on telotristat etiprate and 5 on placebo. Median age was 62 yrs with a mean 6.2 BMs/day (range 4-10). AEs included primarily mild-moderate diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. In treated subjects, adequate relief was reported as follows: Week 1 – 6/18 (33.3%), Week 2 – 5/16 (31.3%), Week 3 - 5/15 (33.3%), and Week 4 – 6/12 (50.0%). No placebo subjects reported improvement at any timepoint. Biochemical response (&gt;50%reduction in u5-HIAA) and BM response (&gt;30% reduction in daily BM for 2 weeks) were associated with reporting of adequate relief. For evaluable telotristat etiprate-treated patients, 9/16 (56%) experienced a biochemical response and 5/18 (28%) experienced a clinical (BM) response; no placebo subjects achieved either biochemical or clinical response. Conclusions: Treatment with telotristat etiprate was associated with decreases in u5-HIAA and BM frequency, and with self-reported relief of bowel related symptoms. Treatment in an extension phase with open-label telotristat etiprate is ongoing.
Primary hyperparathyroidism with 31 years of hypercalcemia
Authors: K. Kosinski
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BIOCHEMICAL screening during the course of routine medical examinations has led to the discovery of increasing numbers of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism.<sup>1,2</sup>There is a paucity of clinical data as to the natural history of primary hyperparathyroidism, and though recent studies,<sup>2,3</sup>as well as Robert Neer, MD, in an oral communication (Jan 2, 1976), have indicated that a significant number of these patients may be observed without danger, many physicians feel obligated to operate on these asymptomatic individuals in order to correct the biochemical abnormality. There have been numerous reports of patients whose first symptom of primary hyperparathyroidism, usually a renal stone, has occurred as much as 40 years prior to the establishment of the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and the treatment of this disease.<sup>4,5</sup>Fahey and Meyers<sup>6</sup>reported a patient with chemically proved hypercalcemia of 36 years' duration that persisted 30 years after removal
The pathogenesis of dermatomyositis
Authors: C. Thompson, V. Piguet, E. Choy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Dermatomyositis is an unusual condition with a characteristic rash and inflammation of the muscles, which can lead to severe weakness and sometimes problems with breathing and swallowing. In this study, the authors, based in Cardiff, Wales, review what is known about the causes of this potentially serious disease. Like other autoimmune conditions, dermatomyositis is thought to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Several genes (e.g. HLA class B alleles) have been linked with dermatomyositis, and specific genes are closely linked with the production of unique antibodies which are in turn linked to specific types of the condition. Several environmental factors can trigger the development of dermatomyositis. These include ultraviolet light, vitamin D deficiency, infection and underlying cancer (particularly in the elderly). Drugs, notably statins, can induce myositis (muscle inflammation) and systemic steroids can induce muscle weakness, but symptoms typically improve on reducing the drug. Various immune factors are involved in dermatomyositis. Biopsies of muscles show inflammation, with large numbers of T cells called lymphocytes and macrophages which cause tissue damage. Additionally, some auto-antibodies appear to target the muscles, also damaging muscle cells. There are increased blood levels of several cytokines (molecules such as TNFα) which also provoke inflammation. Thus, many different genetic and environmental factors together can trigger the development of dermatomyositis.
Blood Money
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 3<sup>rd</sup>International Workshop on Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Seoul, Korea, March 7 - 9, 2003
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

It gives me immense pleasure to present to the readers of Endoscopy a supplement dedicated to our 3rd International Workshop on EUS and Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy in Seoul, Korea. This workshop organized by the Digestive Disease Center, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, was held from 7th - 9th of March 2003 in Seoul, Korea.
CDC study: no evidence for teratogenicity of Bendectin
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The results of a survey done at the federal Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, do not support recent allegations that Bendectin (Merrell-National Laboratories), a drug commonly used by pregnant women to combat vomiting and nausea, causes birth defects of the heart and limbs,<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS has learned. This possibility has been of serious concern, due to the widespread use of Bendectin during pregnancy. Almost 3 million new prescriptions for this agent were written in 1978, according to Franz Rosa, MD, of the Food and Drug Administration—approximately one for each pregnant woman. About 40% of these prescriptions were filled. The medication combines the antihistamine doxylamine succinate and the vitamin pyridoxine hydrochloride. In the CDC's study, Jose Cordero, MD, MPH, examined the center's data file on drug use during pregnancy by 1,183 women who gave birth to infants with birth defects. Use of Bendectin was reported by 9.9% of the
Abstract 2681: Intravital microscopy of prostate cancer lesions in bone: kinetics of osteolysis and therapy response
Authors: Eleonora Dondossola, Stephanie Alexander, Boris Holzapfel, Christopher J. Logothetis, DIetmar Hutmacher, Peter Friedl
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract Bone metastases are the initial site of progression and account for many of the complications experienced by men with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), including therapy resistance. Besides cell intrinsic mechanisms, the interaction between PCa cells and the bone microenvironment critically contributes to lesion expansion and drug sensitivity. We here developed a mouse model amenable to intravital multiphoton microscopy (iMPM) to longitudinally study PCa-stromal cell interactions and therapy response in a partially humanized neobone, established in the dermis of the mouse. Tissue engineered bone constructs, TEBCs, were generated by functionalizing polymeric polycaprolactone scaffolds with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiated to osteoblasts followed by cell-derived calcification of the inter-scaffold space. 30 days after implantation of functionalized scaffolds under the skin of the mouse, bone and bone marrow maturation resulted in a 30mm3 cavity surrounded by optically transparent cortical bone of 50-60 μm thickness, as monitored by microCT and iMPM. Intra-bone tumor growth and osteolysis caused by human fluorescent PCa cells (PC3) were three-dimensionally reconstructed by multi-parameter detection through a body window, including collagen and bone matrix (SHG), calcified bone (fluorescent bisphosphonates), osteoclasts (cathepsin K), bone surface (THG), blood vessels and stromal phagocytes (fluorescent dextran), and PC3 cells (nuclear H2B/eGFP, cytoplasmatic DsRed2). As a proof of concept, the efficacy to halt bone remodeling during bisphosphonate therapy was detected, revealing the composition and kinetics of the bone-tumor interface, including oscillating bone loss followed by neo-apposition. Thus, combining engineered neobone with an optical window is suited to detail the 3D organization and dynamics of cancer lesions in bone and provides mechanistic insight and efficacy predictions for therapy response. Citation Format: Eleonora Dondossola, Stephanie Alexander, Boris Holzapfel, Christopher J. Logothetis, DIetmar Hutmacher, Peter Friedl. Intravital microscopy of prostate cancer lesions in bone: kinetics of osteolysis and therapy response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2681.
Abstract 3907: Synergistic effect of targeting both CDK4/6 and mTORin sarcoma cell lines
Authors: Xiaochun Wang, David Goldstein, Philip Crowe, Jia-Lin Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: The phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase/Protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is central for cancer growth, survival and motility. One of the key restraints on cell growth downstream is retinoblastoma (Rb) tumour suppressor, which is negatively regulated by the cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDK) 4/6 protein. We hypothesize that blocking both the CDK4/6 and the mTOR allows the double brakes to tumour growth. Aim: Our aim is to investigate whether combination therapy using mTOR and CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib and ridaforolimus) would have a synergistic growth inhibitory effect in sarcoma. Methods: The effect and mechanism of palbociclib and ridaforolimus was investigated in a panel of twelve sarcoma cell lines by Crystal-violet colorimetric and Western blot assays. HT1080 fibrosarcoma metastatic mouse model was investigated for in vivo therapeutic study. Results: Palbociclib showed anti-proliferation in all cell lines (IC50s: 0.1-1.1µM), while ridaforolimus had growth inhibition in 10/12 cell lines (IC50s: 0.4-26nM). The palbociclib-ridaforolimus combination achieved synergistic effect (CIs: 0.1-0.9) in 9/12 cell lines, including applying the drugs in different sequence (together or pre-treatment with one drug for 24-48 hours) and ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 2:1 or 4:1). The Western blot demonstrated that the 2-drug combination further blocked both CDK/Rb/E2F and AKT/mTOR pathways, via promoting apoptosis. In the experimental lung metastatic HT1080 mouse model, using palbocilib (10 and 30mg/kg, every other day) and ridaforolimus (0.1 and 0.3mg/kg, daily for 5 days per week) for 4 weeks synergistically (CI = 0.7) inhibited the development of lung metastases (mean number of colonies: 132 in low combination dose and 38 for high combination dose) compared to monotherapy [243 (palbociclib) and 255 (ridaforolimus) in low dose, 113 and 97 for high dose) and vehicle control (286). In the orthotopic fibrosarcoma HT1080 mouse model, the palbociclib-ridaforolimus combination therapies achieved significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) and synergistic (CI=0.00375) growth inhibitory effect compared to monotherapies and control groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that palbociclib-ridaforolimus combination is active in a variety of sarcoma subtypes and worthy of further development towards a clinical trial. Citation Format: Xiaochun Wang, David Goldstein, Philip Crowe, Jia-Lin Yang. Synergistic effect of targeting both CDK4/6 and mTORin sarcoma cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3907.
Improving Lesbian Health
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Notes on Travels in Egypt, the Soudan and the Kunama or Base Country: 1881 and 1882
Authors: J. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1882)

to close spontaneously.The cure will be most perfect when the operator has patience to await the proper time for the removal of the drain.But it may be said that the creation of a posterior orifice is only altering the difficulty, by substituting for the fistula another posterior to it.To this I should respond that this posterior orifice is not in the condition of a true fistula, because it is placed outside the course of the saliva ; and, moreover, the moment the drain is with- drawn, the channel is restored, and nothing will prevent the free circulation of the parotid secretion, consequently the cicatrisation of a wound which is in communication with Stenson's duct.In conclusion, the method I have put in use deserves at least another trial, because it has, in my opinion, the merit of great simplicity, and answers all therapeutic indications.
Microscopic words.
Authors: B J Freedman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

When he finished reading the paper he tore it into small pieces and started throwing the pieces out of the window.The second man said, "What are you doing that for ?" and the first man answered, "I do it to keep down the elephants."Whereupon the second man said, "There aren't any elephants" and the first replied, "Effective, isn't it ?"