tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolites of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Urine Specimens: Current Exposure in an Urban Population in Germany
Authors: Ursel Heudorf, Juergen Angerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Pyrethroids are important insecticides used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in the home. In humans, they are rapidly metabolized and renally eliminated. In numerous studies, pyrethroid metabolites have been detected in urine after occupational exposure to insecticides. In this study, we used a new, reliable, easy, and sensitive analytical method to assess the internal pyrethroid exposure of an urban population without exposure to pyrethoids at home or at work (children and adults). A total of 1,177 persons took part in this investigation, including 331 children under 6 years of age and 247 children between 6 and 12 years of age. None of them reported exposure to pyrethroids at home or at work. Accordingly, the levels of permethrin found in household dust from their homes were lower than expected (median < limit of detection; 95th percentile, 4.8 mg/kg; maximum value, 19 mg/kg). Urine specimens were analyzed for cis-3-(2,2-dibromo-vinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylic acid (Br(2)CA), cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylic acid (cis-Cl(2)CA and trans-Cl(2)CA), and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (F-PBA) using a gas chromatographic method with mass-selective detection. The limit of detection for pyrethroid metabolites was between 0.1 and 0.2 microg/L. trans-Cl(2)CA was detected in 65% of the urine specimens tested, cis-Cl(2)CA was detected in 30%, and Br(2)CA and F-PBA were found in 19% and 16%, respectively, of the urine specimens. The urinary metabolite levels in children did not differ from those in adults, and there was no correlation between the levels of metabolites and indoor exposure to permethrin in household dust. Moreover, no seasonal correlations could be found. The 95th percentile levels in urine specimens were as follows: Br(2)CA, 0.30 microg/L; cis-Cl(2)CA, 0.51 microg/L; trans-Cl(2)CA, 1.43 microg/L; F-PBA, 0.27 microg/L. Background exposure to pyrethroids was found in the general population; it seems to be caused by the uptake of pyrethroids with the diet. This hypothesis needs to be tested in duplicate diet studies combined with biomonitoring. As long as representative data are lacking, however, the rounded 95th percentile values obtained in our study may be used as reference values for pyrethroid metabolites in urine samples from the population in Germany; 95th percentile values for children and adults are as follows: Br(2)CA, 0.3 microg/L; cis-Cl(2)CA, 0.5 microg/L; trans-Cl(2)CA, 1.5 microg/L; and F-PBA, 0.3 microg/L.
Efficacious treatments of PMS: a need for further research
Authors: H. J. Osofsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Many women of childbearing age have some premenstrual symptoms. In various reports, between 3% and 15% have severe symptoms. The symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) have been described in poignant detail by patients, their families, and physicians for thousands of years. However, empirical data about this elusive and somewhat confusing syndrome have been obtained primarily during this century, and especially during recent years. Frank<sup>1</sup>and Horney<sup>2</sup>separately in 1931 described versions of PMS, explored possible etiological bases for the symptoms, and suggested approaches to treatment. Since that time, interest and research related to the syndrome have waxed and waned. Perhaps in part related to difficulties in obtaining direct hormonal assays, the myriad symptoms associated with PMS, and methodological difficulties and flaws in design, considerable disagreement has persisted concerning whether there is a well-defined syndrome, whether it should be defined as an emotional or physical disorder, what the etiological
Evaluation of the BeTha Gene 1 Kit for the Qualitative Detection of the Eight Most Common Mediterranean β‐Thalassemia Mutations
Authors: Luis A. Ugozzoli, J.D. Lowery, A.A. Reyes, C.‐I.P. Lin, A. Re, F. Locati, R. Galanello, L. Macioni, A. Maggio, A. Giambona, A. Loutradi, M. Boussiou, R. Bruce Wallace
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We describe the evaluation of the Bio-Rad BeTha Gene 1 kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA), a DNA-probe assay designed for the qualitative determination of the eight most common Mediteranean β-thalassemia mutations. The kit utilizes the principle of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization. Following sample preparation and in vitro DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an allele-specific detection of the amplified products by a nonradioactive enzymatic assay is performed. Genomic DNA is prepared from an individual's whole blood with a DNA purification matrix. In a second step, the β-globin gene is amplified in a multiplex PCR reaction containing four 5′ biotinylated oligonucleotide primers. In a final step, an aliquot of the PCR reaction is first chemically denatured and then captured in two eight-well strips of a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plate by hybridization to an immobilized ASO probe. Each DNA sequence at each of the eight mutation sites is represented by one normal and one mutant ASO. During this capture/hybridization step, which is performed at 37°C, only perfectly matched PCR products will be captured by an ASO. Subsequently, the allele-specific captured biotin-labeled PCR products are detected by a colorimetric enzymatic reaction. The system permits the detection of 16 β-thalassemia alleles using a high-throughput format that can be automated easily. A clinical feasibility study was performed to evaluate the functionality (method camparison study, assay validity using samples previously collected and stored at various temperatures for different periods of time, interference on kit performance, and assay validity for prenatal diagnosis) and the usability (ease of use, sample throughput) of the kit. The analysis of 110 samples previously studied with reference methods showed 100% clinical sensitivity and specificity. We demonstrate here that the procedure not only increases the throughput of β-thalassemia allele genotyping but also provides an accurate, rapid, reliable, and nonisotopic diagnostic tool. Am. J. Hematol. 59:214–222, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
&lt;TITLE&gt;Schizophrenia&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Lise Stevens, Cassio Lynm, Richard Glass
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA.The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis.For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician.This page may be reproduced noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients.Any other reproduction is subject to AMA approval.
Benefit of Heparin Plus Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in Unstable Angina-Reply
Authors: Allison Oler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Collins and colleagues that the 33% reduction in risk of MI or death in patients treated with aspirin plus heparin compared with those treated with aspirin alone was not statistically significant. The<i>P</i>value for the 95% CI associated with the relative risk (RR) of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.44-1.02) was.057. Athough this<i>P</i>value does not meet the arbitrary cutoff of.05 required for statistical significance, it suggests a low probability (5.7%) that the findings occurred by chance. We believe that these findings are strengthened by the results of 2 recent trials that compared low-molecularweight heparin plus aspirin with aspirin alone in patients with unstable angina.<sup>1,2</sup>In both studies, adding low-molecularweight heparin to aspirin reduced the risk of MI or death during treatment. If we had included these trials in our metaanalysis, we would have found a statistically significant summary RR of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.80).
Isoniazid
Authors: IVAL L. SALYER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Correction1 August 1974IsoniazidIVAL L. SALYER, M.D., MICHAEL H. CYNAMON, M.D.IVAL L. SALYER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MICHAEL H. CYNAMON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-2-272 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the letter, "Stop Isoniazid Prophylaxis," by Israel (Ann Intern Med 80: 672-673, 1974) and would like to take issue with several points he raised.It is clear that isoniazid (INH) is a potentially hepatotoxic agent (1, 2) and that patients on prophylaxis require close supervision. The Center for Disease Control currently recommends monitoring for symptoms monthly but considers periodic liver function tests to be of little additional value unless clinically indicated (1). Apparently most cases of INH-associated hepatitis are reversible if the medication is withdrawn soon after evidence of hepatic dysfunction is observed...References1. : Isoniazid-associated hepatitis. Morbid Mortal 23:97-98, 1974 Google Scholar2. MADDREYBOITNOTT WJ: Isoniazid hepatitis. Ann Intern Med 79:1-12, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. MURPHY D: Isoniazid hepatitis (letter). Ann Intern Med 80: 113-114, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar4. : Preventive treatment of tuberculosis. Am Rev Resp Dis 104:460-463, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BRAUN P: Hepatotoxicity of erythromycin. J Infect Dis 119: 300-306, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. The erythromycins—a further report from the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee. Med J Aust 2:192-193, 1973 Google Scholar3. KENDLERANURASLABORDA JSO: Perfusion of the isolated rat liver with erythromycin estolate and other derivatives. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 139:1272-1275, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DUJOUNESHOEMANBIANCHINE CDJ: Experimental bases for the different hepatotoxicity of erythromycin preparations in man. J Lab Clin Med 79:832-844, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: IVAL L. SALYER, M.D.; MICHAEL H. CYNAMON, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffect of aspirin on liver tests in patients with ra or sle and in normal volunteers 1 August 1974Volume 81, Issue 2Page: 272-273KeywordsHepatitisIsoniazidLiver diseasesLiver function testsProphylaxis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Graduate Medical Education in the United States
Authors: Anne E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> This annual report on graduate medical education in the United States for the 1986-1987 academic year contains data on programs accredited by the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), by specialty and by region, and provides information on some characteristics of the persons in these programs. In November 1986, the ACGME through the Residency Review Committee for Internal Medicine accredited programs in nine subspecialties of internal medicine. This action added 1427 new programs to the ACGME system. <h3>RESIDENT AND RELATED TERMS</h3> In the medical education community each of the terms<i>intern, resident</i>, and<i>fellow</i>is used with various meanings. At times the generic term<i>trainee</i>is used to circumvent the ambiguity. Historically, the first year of graduate medical education was called an<i>internship</i>. In 1975, the American Medical Association House of Delegates accepted (on advice from its Council on Medical Education) the recommendation of the Citizens Commission on
Mental Health Status of World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers and Volunteers—New York City, July 2002–August 2004
Journal: JAMA (2005)

After the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC), a comprehensive screening program was established to evaluate the physical and mental health of rescue and recovery workers and volunteers. Persons were eligible for this program if they participated in the WTC rescue or recovery efforts and met specific time criteria for exposure to the site. During July 16, 2002--August 6, 2004, the program evaluated 11,768 workers and volunteers. This report summarizes data analyzed from a subset of 1,138 of the 11,768 participants evaluated at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine during July 16--December 31, 2002. On the basis of one or more standardized screening questionnaires, approximately half (51%) of participants met threshold criteria for a clinical mental health evaluation. Continued surveillance is needed to assess the long-term psychological impact of the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks and to determine needs for continued treatment.
Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Kenneth W. Warren, Richard B. Cattell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

Pancreatic CystsA conspicuous trend toward internal drainage of pancreatic cysts is apparent in any review of the current literature dealing with this subject. Numerous writers, frequently reporting a small number of cases, have emphasized the virtues of internal drainage. Shumacker105 recommended the Roux-Y jejunal anastomosis to the most dependent portion of the pancreatic cyst. He utilized this procedure in the management of 5 patients with pseudocysts, each of which followed an attack of acute pancreatitis or pancreatic trauma. Similar reports have been made by Sinclair106 and by Rosi.107 A most comprehensive review of the treatment of pancreatic cysts has . . .
Vitamin preparations as dietary supplements and as therapeutic agents. Council on Scientific Affairs
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Healthy adult men and healthy adult nonpregnant, nonlactating women consuming a usual, varied diet do not need vitamin supplements. Infants may need dietary supplements at given times, as may pregnant and lactating women. Occasionally, vitamin supplements may be useful for people with unusual life styles or modified diets, including certain weight reduction regimens and strict vegetarian diets. Vitamins in therapeutic amounts may be indicated for the treatment of deficiency states, for pathologic conditions in which absorption and utilization of vitamins are reduced or requirements increased, and for certain nonnutritional disease processes. The decision to employ vitamin preparations in therapeutic amounts clearly rests with the physician. The importance of medical supervision when such amounts are administered is emphasized. Therapeutic vitamin mixtures should be so labeled and should not be used as dietary supplements.
Priority-Based Assessment of Food Additives Database of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
Authors: R. Daniel Benz, Hiltje Irausquin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The priority-based assessment of food additives (PAFA) is a database maintained by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. PAFA contains extensive administrative, chemical, and toxicological information on 1685 regulated direct food additives. The database also has limited administrative and chemical information on an additional 1236 direct additives. The total 2921 substances represent everything added to food in the United States. PAFA contains up to 150 different kinds of information about each chemical. Administrative and chemical information includes Chemical Abstracts Service Registry numbers, Code of Federal Regulations citations, the annual usage and estimated daily U.S. human consumption, the Joint Committee on Food Additives Allowable Daily Intakes, the FDA Redbook structure categories of the chemicals, and their technical effects. Toxicology information shows the type of studies done for each chemical, the species of animals tested, the toxicological effects observed and the sites where they were seen, the lowest doses that cause a toxicological effect in each study, a source citation, and other types of related information.
A phase I/II study of azacitidine and capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in refractory CIMP-high metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Michael J. Overman, Cathy Eng, Bryan K. Kee, David R. Fogelman, Rachna T. Shroff, Christine Fark, Helen Moinova, Jim Lutterbaugh, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, Sanford D. Markowitz, Scott Kopetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

488 Background: Hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands (CIMP) has been strongly implicated in chemotherapy resistance and both clinical and preclinical studies have shown the ability to restore platinum sensitivity with the reversal of hypermethylation. CIMP is implicated in the pathogenesis of a subset of colorectal cancers termed CIMP-high. Methods: The primary objectives were as follows: phase I—MTD and DLTs; phase II—RECIST response rate. Prior progression on fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin-based treatment was required (RECIST criteria progression in 21 pts). The phase II portion was restricted to patients with CIMP-high (≥ 2/6 methylation-specific PCR markers: hMLH1, P16, P14, MINT1, MINT2, and MINT31). Pre-treatment, C1D5, C2D1, C2D5, and at restaging blood samples were collected. Results: 26 pts [M/F 15/11, median age: 66 yrs (range: 34-75), ECOG PS 0/1: 1/25, median number of prior therapies: 4.5] were enrolled from 8/2010 to 12/2012. The phase I portion enrolled 15 pts (12 treated at MTD), of which 3 were CIMP-high. No DLTs were observed with the MTD determined to be azacitidine (75 mg/m2, SQ D1-5), oxaliplatin (110 mg/m2 IV D2), and capecitabine (1500 mg/m2/d, PO divided BID, D1-14) q21 days. The phase II portion enrolled 11 CIMP-high pts and closed due to lack of an objective response. Common grade 3-4 treatment-related toxicities were neutropenia in 10 pts (38%) and diarrhea in 3 pts (12%). Grade 2 fatigue occurred in 14 pts (54%). No responses were seen. Stable disease (SD) occurred in 7 of 15 phase I pts and 10 of 11 phase II pts (p=0.04) with median PFS of 2.5 and 4.5m (p=0.04), respectively. SD &gt;6 months was seen in 2 phase II pts (6.8m and 8.5m). Median OS and median post-study OS were 9.4m and 5.3m, respectively, and were similar between phase I and phase II portions. Post-study therapy was given to 14 patients: 12 progressed, 1 on active treatment, 1 lost to f/u. Conclusions: Azacitidine and CAPOX were well tolerated with high rates of stable disease in CIMP-high pts, but no objective responses. Improved activity from post-study treatment was not seen. Ongoing correlative work evaluating quantitative changes in methylation from circulating free tumor DNA will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01193517.
Rothschild and medicine.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The dust has yet to settle from the explosion set off in medical and scientific circles by the publication in December of Lord Rothschild's proposals1 for reform of the framework of Government research and development.The Select Com- mittee on Science and Technology, which began its hearings on 26 January, is expected to sit until Easter,2 and a White Paper will probably appear soon after that.Meanwhile letters still appear in The Times almost daily from distin- guished scientists-the majority medical or from the related sciences.
Lymphocytic enterocolitis in patients with 'refractory sprue'
Authors: R. N. DuBois
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We describe a patient with refractory sprue with malabsorption, a flat smallbowel biopsy specimen unresponsive to a gluten-free diet, and colonic biopsy specimens consistent with lymphocytic (microscopic) colitis. To investigate further the relation between celiac disease and lymphocytic or collagenous colitis (a similar and possibly related entity), we examined colorectal and smallbowel biopsy specimens in patients indexed histologically as having celiac disease who have been seen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital since 1958. Of 135 indexed patients, 21 had colorectal biopsies. Colorectal biopsy specimens were abnormal in 7 of the 21 patients. Four patients had biopsy specimens resembling lymphocytic colitis, 2 patients had acute colitis, and another patient had both lymphocytic and acute colitis. No patients had collagenous colitis. Three of the patients with lymphocytic colitis and celiac-like changes of the small bowel never responded to a gluten-free diet and may represent a distinctive panintestinal disease for which the term "lymphocytic enterocolitis" with malabsorption is proposed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:935-937)
Errata
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

In “Effect of 3-Methylcholanthrene on Immune Response and Thymus Weight of Buffalo Strain Rats” by D. A. Silverman and N. R. Rose, the authors wish to apologize for, and draw attention to, the following errors on page 1721: Column 1, paragraph 3 under “Treatments” should read “. . . 1 ml 10% washed cells” (not “. . . 1 m120% washed cells”); column 2, line 10 should read “Reactions 25 mm . . . ” (not “Reactions over 5 mm . . . ”); column 2, line 25 should read “. . . in RPMI-1640 with 1 mg/ml DEAE dextran . . .” (not “. . . in RPMI-I640 with 1 g/ml DEAE dextran . . ..”). On page 1722: Column 1, line 12 should read “ . . . significant when 2α was < 0.05” (not . . . “significant when 2x was < 0.05”); column 2, line 8 should read “b) indirect or direct PFC at 7 days after immunization . . .. [not “b) indirect or direct PFC at 7 and 14 days, respectively, after immunization . . .. "”]; table 2, column 2, line 4 should read “BUF” (not “LEW”). On page 1723: Table 3 footnote should be deleted; column I, line 11 under “Discussion” should read “. . . different mouse strains . . .” (not “. . . different rat strains . . .”). . .
Single-fraction radiosurgery for the treatment of renal tumors in singular renal units.
Authors: M. D. Staehler, A. Karl, M. Bader, C. G. Stief, B. Wowra, A. Muacevic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e15168 Background: High-dose local radiation treatment (stereotactic radiosurgery, or SRS) was added for selected patients to improve local control and overall survival. We report on toxicity and local tumor control in patients with renal tumors who were treated with aggressive local irradiation using a single fraction SRS with the Cyberknife in singular renal units to avoid nephrectomy and consecutive hemodialysis. Methods: N=28 patients with renal tumors and an eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) status of 0 or 1 were treated with SRS. Patients with surgically removable renal lesions were not included. Prior to SRS gold markers were planted into the renal parenchyma under ultrasonographic guidance. Results: N=11 patients had transitional carcinoma of the renal pelvis and n=17 had renal cell carcinoma. No skin toxicity occurred after SRS, and SRS did not induce other side effects. Local tumor control 9 months after SRS was 98% (95% CI: 89-99%). There were no treatment related deaths, and late complications after SRS were not noted so far. Renal function remained stable with a median creatinine at baseline 1,5 mg/dl and 1,53 mg/dl after six months. None of the patients developed metastases during a median follow-up of 12 months. Dialysis and surgery were avoided in all patients. Conclusions: SRS for selected patients with renal tumors in singular renal units is safe and effective and maybe an alternative to surgery and consecutive hemodialysis. Single-fraction delivery as an outpatient procedure allows for convenient integration of SRS into various oncological treatment concepts. Further studies are needed to determine the limits of SRS in this setting.