tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colposcopy.
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Children born as a result of incestAfter an address to the Medicolegal Society on the crime of incest, Sir Desmond Acknerl asked, "To what extent is it a serious eugenic risk if brother and sister marry ?"There was no response from his audience.Father-daughter and brothersister unions result in inbreeding four times as intense as in first-cousin marriages.The surveys of the extra risks of recessive disorders and congenital malformations to the children of first cousins have not, however, given enough information to permit reliable extrapolation to the children of incestuous unions.There are also obvious difficulties in following up closely children born to a random sample of incestuous unions without causing distress to the families.Nevertheless, three studies have been reported.The largest, a retrospective survey of 161 children, was from Czechoslovakia2 in 1971.Rare recessive or probably recessive disorders found in the children included homocystinuria, adiposogenital syndrome, congenital ichthyosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and deaf-mutism as well as a high incidence of mental retardation.Fewer than half the children were normal.This study might possibly have been biased by some selection in the sources from which the children were ascertained.The other two studies,3 one from England of 13 live-born children followed up for four to six years and one from Michigan of 18 live-born children followed up for six to 12 years, were prospective, with the children being ascertained during their mothers' pregnancies.Of the 31 children in these two studies-12 born to father- daughter and 19 to brother-sister matings-only 13 were normal.Two died from recessive disorders (cystic fibrosis and glycogen-storage disease) and one from an almost certainly recessive disorder causing progressive cerebral degeneration and loss of vision.Two of those alive probably had recessive disorders, both with severe mental retardation with cerebral palsy, and one a possibly recessive disorder, severe non-specific mental retardation.Two others had died in the neonatal period, a baby with very low birth weight and another with respiratorydistress syndrome.Two had congenital malformations, a lethal Fallot's tetralogy and a survivor with bilateral cleft lip.Eight other survivors were mildly mentally retarded with IQs in seven ranging from 59 to 76; the eighth, whose IQ score was not available, was in a school for the educationally subnormal.This increase in recessive disorders-between three and six cases in 31 children compared with an expected incidence5 in the general population of two or three per thousand-is in line with expectations.It is compatible with a lesser increase
CHARCOT DE LA SALPÊTRITÉRE
Authors: J. H. T.
Journal: JAMA (1960)

One of the best translated and most charming biographies of a former medical great that I have read in many a month is the story of Jean-Martin Charcot. Georges Guillain prepared the original,<i>J.-M. Charcot</i>, 1825-1893,<i>Sa Vie—Son Oeuvre</i>. This was published by Masson in 1955. Pearce Bailey translated the biography, which in turn was published by Hoeber<sup>1</sup>last year. Charcot, of the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, the world's first Professor of Clinical Neurology, died in the last decade of the last century. Guillain, of the Guillain-Barré syndrome, identified also as the Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome or the Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome, was a pupil of several of Charcot's pupils. Guillain occupied the same professorial chair in Paris that was created for Charcot. The biography is as much a story of the Salpêtrière as it is of the clinical life of Charcot. This was inevitable; they were inseparable. Each was a strong
Abstract 1112: Identification of microRNA-based therapeutic candidates using a unique lentiviral microRNA overexpression library
Authors: Paula I. van Noort, Negar Babae, Jos B. Poell, Meriem Bourajjaj, Suzana Vidic, Judy R. van Beijnum, Rick J. van Haastert, Iman Schultz, Thijs de Gunt, Onno van Hooij, Gerald W. Verhaegh, Willemijn M. Gommans, Francesco Cerisoli, Mark Verheul, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Arjan W. Griffioen, Jack A. Schalken, Eugene Berezikov, Edwin Cuppen, Roel QJ Schaapveld, Gregoire P. Prevost
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract microRNA (miRNA) genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II generate small noncoding miRNAs of 18 to 24 nucleotides after maturation process. The mature miRNAs and their associated isomirs specifically bind to different mRNA transcripts, resulting in down regulation of multiple genes within the cell in a highly multiplexed way. miRNA expression profiles differ between human cell types suggesting cell-specific impacts of each miRNA on the regulation of different biological processes. Comparison of miRNA profiles of tumor samples and adjacent normal tissues showed that some miRNAs are up- or down- regulated and suggested their implication during tumor progression. However, such a miRNA profiling approach is not sufficient to identify the respective role of each miRNA gene during the tumorigenesis. Here, to assess the individual role of each miRNA gene and its different isomirs in a specific cell environment, we have constructed a lentiviral miRNA expression library containing more than 1100 human known and novel miRNA precursors. The arrayed layout of our library allowed high-throughput screens with a large spectrum of functional read-outs using either normal or tumor cells. To exemplify this approach, the results of three different screens will be presented; i.e. identification of miRNAs that inhibit the BRAF pathway, miRNAs that inhibit tumor angiogenesis and miRNAs that stimulate the mesenchymal to epithelial transition. In addition, beyond this hit identification step, we will present detailed characterization of the role of the identified miRNAs in tumor progression by means of molecular and cellular functional assays. Combining our unique miRNA expression library with a functional screening platform has allowed the identification and the further characterization of several miRNAs able to significantly impact on tumor behavior supporting the therapeutic interest of some candidates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1112. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1112
Spliceosome-Mediated RNA Trans-splicing
Authors: Yanping Yang, Christopher E. Walsh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

RNA repair or reprogramming is a new avenue for human gene therapy. Unlike conventional gene therapy, in which exogenous cDNAs are introduced into cells, RNA repair approaches, which are based on spliceosome-mediated pre-mRNA trans-splicing, trans-splicing ribozymes, and tRNA-splicing endonuclease, allow the correction of endogenous RNA species. Recently published accounts that in vivo phenotypic correction of a variety of inherited diseases can be achieved by RNA repair are encouraging. Nevertheless, the science of RNA repair for treatment of human diseases is just beginning and faces several scientific and technical challenges that must be addressed and surmounted. In this review, we summarize recent advances in spliceosome-mediated pre-mRNA trans-splicing. We also provide an update on the progress of this emerging technology toward the development of molecular therapy and diagnosis for human diseases and discuss the outstanding issues and challenges confronting RNA therapeutics.
Mechanisms of Degradation by White Rot Fungi
Authors: Steven D. Aust
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

White rot fungi use a variety of mechanisms to accomplish the complete degradation of lignin and a wide variety of environmental pollutants.Both oxidative and reductive reactions are required for the metabolism of both lignin and environmental pollutants.The fungi secrete a family of peroxidases to catalyze both direct and indirect oxidation of chemicals.The peroxidases can also catalyze reductions using electron donors to generate reductive radicals.A cell-surface membrane potential can also be used to reduce chemicals such as TNT. -
Correlation of 64Cu DOTA-trastuzumab positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with HER2 status by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Authors: Joanne E. Mortimer, James R. Bading, Mary I. Carroll, Tri Tran, Jinha Mark Park, David Colcher, Andrew Antony Raubitschek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

618 Background: We have developed 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab for PET imaging of HER2-positive breast cancer. We have determined that administering trastuzumab (45 mg) prior to 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab sharply reduces liver uptake of the radiotracer. We are now testing whether tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab correlates with variable IHC staining in women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: Eligibility criteria included biopsy confirmation of metastatic disease that was HER2 1+, 2+, or 3+ by IHC, no anti-HER therapy within the prior 2 mo, and at least 1 non-hepatic site of metastasis > 20 mm outside the biopsy site. Staging workup included 18F-FDG PET-CT. Patients received 45 mg of cold trastuzumab prior to 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab. PET-CT scans were obtained at 21-25 h (Day 1) and 47-48 h (Day 2) over axial fields of view chosen in reference to 18F-FDG. Uptake in prominent lesions was measured in terms of maximum single-voxel SUV (SUVmax) . Lesions identified on CT and judged to have image intensity > adjacent tissue by an expert radiologist were considered positive on PET. Results: Seventeen women (median age 59, range 35-75 y) have undergone imaging. HER2 status by IHC was 3+ in 7 pts., 2+ in 6 and 1+ in 4. Three women with IHC 2+ disease were FISH+. In the patients considered clinically HER2 positive (IHC 3+ or 2+, FISH+), 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab sensitivity was 75 and 90%, respectively, on Days 1 and 2, compared with 94% for 18F-FDG. Tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab was also readily visualized in HER2-negative patients (measured detection sensitivity 78 and 80% on Days 1 and 2, respectively). There were 2 false positive findings with 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab. Lesion uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab was higher in HER2+ than in HER2- patients (SUVmaxmean ± sem: Day 1 8.9±0.6 vs 4.2±0.2; Day 2 9.9±0.8 vs 4.9±0.2, p < 0.001). Conclusions: 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab PET visualizes HER2 1+, 2+ and 3+ metastatic breast cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. Tumor uptake of 64Cu-DOTA-trastuzumab-PET in IHC 1+ and 2+, FISH- patients implies possible benefit from anti-HER2 therapies for individuals whose cancers are currently considered HER2 negative. Research Support. DOD BC095002. Clinical trial information: NCT01093612.
FDA Approves First Biosimilar to Treat Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract The FDA approved the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab-awwb for the treatment of five types of cancer: nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma. A biosimilar to bevacizumab, the agent is the first such drug approved for the treatment of cancer.
The Cardiac Arrhythmias
Authors: Rexford Kennamer, Myron Prinzmetal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Arrhythmias Arising in Atrioventricular NodeThere is both experimental and clinical evidence11 that extrasystoles and tachycardia originating in the atrioventricular node often cannot be differentiated from corresponding arrhythmias arising elsewhere in the atria. Ectopic rhythms initiating from foci in the midportion of the atrium failed to yield P′ waves in standard leads. Since only QRS complexes were visible the electrocardiogram was indistinguishable from that of nodal tachycardia. In contrast upright P′ waves were recorded when the focus was at the cephalic end of the atrium. Inverted P′ waves occurred when the focus was at the caudal end. Some atrial arrhythmias . . .
De novo metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: a prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Chiara Becchetti, Nicola Zeni, Francesca D’Arcangelo, Alberto Ferrarese, Alberto Zanetto, Salvatore Sciarrone, Sarah Shalaby, Monica Pellone, Marco Senzolo, Martina Gambato, Francesco Paolo Russo, Umberto Cillo, Patrizia Burra, Giacomo Germani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
The Controversial Coronaries
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Fredrik Liedberg, Petter Kollberg, Marie Allerbo, et al. Preventing Parastomal Hernia After Ileal Conduit by the Use of a Prophylactic Mesh: A Randomised Study. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.033
Authors: Alireza Ghoreifi, Hooman Djaladat
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Clarification of AIDS mortality in women
Authors: R. L. Berkelman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments of Drs Addiss and Davis and Mr Vaughn. We contend that if the clinician is interested in selective screening, then he or she needs to be able to estimate a patient's individual probability of infection to decide whether to test. Although our model's performance is less than ideal, advantages over previous attempts at risk stratification include better discrimination and the ability to stratify patients into multiple risk groups, and reliability verified by prospective validation. We support the work of these authors in developing a selective screening program. We agree that one must know the local prevalence of disease to use the model to estimate probability and that the thresholds of risk that should guide decision making and screening policy remain unknown. Eventually the development of credible thresholds and generalizable diagnostic models may lead to both more effective and less costly screening programs.
Hospital information systems. The physician's role
Authors: B. A. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THERE is an urgent need to take a fresh look at hospital information systems (HIS) from the perspective of the organizational structure of hospitals, the funding of such systems, and the role that physicians should play in their operation. Failing this, we believe that HIS and their medically related components will continue to suffer serious developmental lags. This commentary, an admittedly brief foray into a complex topic, has two purposes. First, we analyze why little progress has been made in the development of medically oriented information systems in hospitals. Second, using our frame-work for the organization of HIS as a reference, we offer a prescriptive view of the future organization and development of such systems, emphasizing the need for an expanded role for physicians. Such a shift of responsibility will not occur rapidly or spontaneously, but we will discuss implementation elsewhere. Most existing automated system applications in hospitals are administrative
Officials of the Association 1981-1982
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Species Differences in the Metabolism and Disposition of Inhaled 1,3-Butadiene and Isoprene
Authors: Alan R. Dahl, William E. Bechtold, James A. Bond, Rogene F. Henderson, Joe L. Mauderly, Bruce A. Muggenburg, James D. Sun, Linda S. Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Species differences in sensitivity to carcinogenic effects from inhaled 1,3-butadiene might stem, at least in part, from differences in uptake, metabolism, and distribution of 1,3-butadiene. To examine this possibility, rats, mice, and monkeys were exposed to stepped concentrations of 14C-labeled 1,3-butadiene and the chemically related compound, isoprene. Respiratory data were collected during exposure and were used to determine fractional uptake. Rates and routes of excretion of retained radioactivity were also determined and blood levels of potentially toxic metabolites were measured. In some cases, the concentrations of hemoglobin adducts were determined. For rodents, the tissue distribution of metabolites was examined. Some results from these continuing studies to date are: a) mice achieve higher blood concentrations of reactive metabolites than do rats; b) blood levels of toxic metabolites are lower in monkeys than in rodents; c) uptake and retention of 1,3-butadiene is nonlinear in the range where long-term toxicity studies have been conducted; d) the efficiency of production of reactive metabolites decreases with increased inhaled concentrations of 1,3-butadiene; e) repeated exposure to 1,3-butadiene does not induce the metabolism of 1,3-butadiene in rodents; f) hemoglobin adducts of 1,3-butadiene are potential dosimeters of exposure; and g) rats inhaling isoprene produce reactive metabolites analogous to those produced during inhalation of 1,3-butadiene. The available data indicate that major differences in the biological fate of inhaled 1,3-butadiene occur among species, and these differences, at least in part, account for those in species sensitivity to the toxicity of inhaled 1,3-butadiene.
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mary McNaughton Collins
Journal: JAMA (1997)

An underappreciated characteristic of prostate cancer screening is that it may detect some prostate cancers solely by serendipity or chance. Serendipity, previously described in the detection of colonic neoplasms, could affect prostate cancer detection when a screening test result is abnormal for reasons other than the presence of prostate cancer, but prostate cancer is coincidentally detected during the subsequent evaluation of the abnormal screening result. We reviewed published articles about prostate cancer screening, searching for evidence of serendipity. We defined serendipity in digital rectal examination (DRE) screening as the discovery of a prostate cancer by the random biopsy of an area of the prostate gland other than the palpable suspicious area that prompted the biopsy. We defined serendipity in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening as the discovery of a prostate cancer by the random biopsy of a nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer less than 1.0 cm<sup>3</sup>in volume, since tumors less than 1.0 cm<sup>3</sup>are generally too small to cause elevated PSA levels. We found that serendipity may be responsible for the detection of more than one quarter of apparently DRE-detected prostate cancers and up to one quarter of apparently PSAdetected cancers. Additionally, serendipity played a larger role in the detection of smaller tumors that are common but of uncertain clinical significance. We conclude that serendipity-detected prostate cancers contribute to an overestimation of the true information value of DRE and PSA screening. Whether serendipity is advantageous in prostate cancer screening depends on the as yet uncertain outcomes for men with smaller prostate cancers. However, given our estimates of the potential magnitude of the impact of serendipity, the currently popular DRE-and PSA-based screening strategy may not be optimal. If smaller prostate cancers are important, then we are not finding enough; if they are unimportant, then we are finding too many that we may feel compelled to treat aggressively.
Therapeutics
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TUBERCULOSIS CONGRESS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal