tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy in childhood diabetes
Authors: G. A. Burghen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is rapidly changing with the introduction of portable insulin infusion pumps, multiple injections of insulin daily, determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) values, and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. Although some diabetologists believe that the development of long-term complications of diabetes can be prevented or delayed by normalization of blood glucose levels, others are of the opinion that the relationship of normoglycemia and diabetes complications has not been fully established. To complicate matters, there is controversy among diabetes experts as to whether or not the possible benefits of intensive therapy are worth the added potential risk of hypoglycemia and psychological problems. Elsewhere in this issue (p 2913), Geffner and colleagues show that children with diabetes are willing to accept modifications in therapy, including changing from one injection to multiple injections of insulin daily, and changing from urine glucose monitoring to blood glucose monitoring. In my
Functional cure based on pegylated interferon ? in long-term nucleoside analog suppressed HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter real-world study (Everest project in China), an interim report
Authors: Ze-Qian Wu, Dong-Ying Xie, Lei Fu, Jia Wei, Jia Shang, Qing He, Wen-hua Zhang, Guang-yu Huang, Yanzhong Peng, Ye Gu, Jia-bin Li, Ying Guo, Yu-juan Guan, Jia-wei Geng, Huan-wei Zheng, Wen-jun Gao, Wen-jing Zhao, Ying-jun Tian, Yi-lan Zeng, Ren Chen, Shengwang Gu, Zhi-liang Gao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Azithromycin Losing Its Punch Against<i>Shigella</i>Bacteria
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

In figure 1(B) the component labelled 'Intron 2 0 should actually be labelled 'Intron 3.' In addition, figure 1 (B) legend should read: (B) Shows the electrospherogram with sequence identification of the deletion of a T nucleotide in intron 3.This mutation, IVS3+2 delT, is predicted to affect correct splicing of the exon, resulting in a shift of the reading frame.
Bone Behaviour
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The author designed this volume to introduce medical students and "junior doctors" to both the concepts of bone structure and dynamics and to bone research methodology. Most sections present ideas designed to achieve both goals. Unfortunately, the boundaries between the two often overlap in a manner leading to unneeded repetition and a lack of clarity. The first chapter, perhaps the best in the book, summarizes in a more conventional fashion the structure and function of bone. Students should profit from a study of this. Subsequent discussions on bone, epiphyseal plates, and factors regulating bone behavior in health and disease may well confuse the novice. Many extensively discussed theories lack the documentation of data necessary to validate them. The author injects still another type of research—strategic research— into an already confusing (and probably, in the biomedical field, an antiquated) distinction between basic and applied research. Strategic research supposedly results when an
Request for Information About Acute Encephalopathy Associated With Influenza Virus Infection in U.S. Children
Journal: JAMA (2004)

CDC Editorial Note: Persons aged 45-64 with annual household income of Ͻ$15,000 have substantially worse HRQOL.This finding confirms previous findings that adults in their preretirement years (aged 55-64 years) with the least education and lowest income report more unhealthy days than older adults with similar education and income. 2Employment status and activity limitation accounted for nearly one third of the variability in mean unhealthy days reported by adults aged 45-64 years with annual household income of Ͻ$15,000.These findings also are consistent with several other studies relating socioeconomic status (SES) and employment status to health. 6-9SES shapes exposure to many psychosocial, environmental, behavioral, and biomedical risk factors that directly and indirectly affect mental and physical health. 9Low-income adults aged 45-64 years in whom chronic health conditions and activity limitations develop at earlier ages might benefit from health and social services. 2oth men and women with low incomes report substantial numbers of unhealthy days, unlike other income groups, in which women typically report worse health than men.Persons with lower SES are known to report lower perceived control over life events, including health-related behaviors. 10Perception of less control might underlie adverse coping mechanisms and risky behaviors related to higher reported numbers of unhealthy days for both men and women in this income group.This study also found that adults aged 45-54 years with annual household income of Ͻ$15,000 had the highest mean number of mentally unhealthy days.The high levels of unemployment, inability to work, and activity limitation among adults in this age-income group could affect mental health adversely. 6,7 The findings in this report are subject to at least five limitations.First, because BRFSS surveys only noninstitutionalized adults by telephone, persons in institutions and households without telephones, both of whom might have worse HRQOL than others, are ex-
Giant vesical calculus
Authors: R. M. Becher
Journal: JAMA (1978)

GIANT vesical calculus weighing 100 g or more is an uncommon urologic entity. A review of the English literature before 1900 revealed reports of 14 cases of giant vesical calculi, and only 15 more have been described since then. This report details the unusual case of a giant vesical calculus, which was composed mainly of uric acid (95%) and less than 5% calcium oxalate monohydrate and rare crystals of sodium acid urate. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 72-year-old man was noted by his family physician to have increasing azotemia develop over a one-year period. During this interval, the BUN and serum creatinine levels increased from 37 and 1.5 mg/dl to 110 and 8.0 mg/dl, respectively. Infusion intravenous urogram findings demonstrated a large bladder calculus and poorly functioning kidneys bilaterally (Fig 1). In March 1976, he was referred to us for urologic evaluation. He complained of frequency of urinating day and
Lectures on the Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Bright's Disease
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1873)

quently a median sector, on one or both sides, which constitutes the levator glandulae thyroideae.The scaleni also belong to the deep brachio-cephalic stratum; and they often extend in man, as we have already seen, beyond their usual boundary upon the surface of the thorax, in the same manner as they normally do in many of the lower animals.They may thus approach the rectus thoracicus profundus, when it is present, and so form an almost continuous " rectus " series, extending from the abdomen over the chest, and reaching nearly, or including the rectus capitis, quite to the head.They are sometimes imperfectly segmented from the levator scapulae;and the frequency of their imperfect segmentation from one another is in accordance with their parallel direction and with their usual harmonious co-operation in action.The connecting slips sometimes pass across the subclavian artery, or between the artery and the brachial plexus of nerves.
Ridders OF THE PLAGUES: The Story OF THE Conquest OF Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insurance Fees and Lodge Practice
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1703: New genetic variations discovered in KRAS wild-type cetuximab resistant Chinese colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Changwen Jing, Ting Wang, Rong Ma, Haixia Cao, EnShun Xu, Zhuo Wang, Siwen Liu, Dan Chen, Junying Zhang, Yang Wu, Yuan Zhang, Ping Ding, Michael Y. Sha, Jianzhong Wu, Jifeng Feng
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The efficacy of Cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer patients is limited by the development of therapeutic resistance. The currently known oncogenic ‘driver’ mutations do not fully explain the resistance mechanism of Cetuximab. Currently there are no reports of any studies that have explored new driver mutations in Cetuximab resistance by whole exome sequencing (WES). In this study, we performed WES to identify common genetic factors from twenty-two Cetuximab-sensitive and ten Cetuximab-resistant patients, aiming to discover characteristic genes associated with Cetuximab resistance. For Cetuximab-sensitive patients, the mutation frequency of MUC16, FCGBP, DMBT1 was found to be 100%, 90.91% and 86.36%, respectively. MUC16, PDE4DIP and TACC2 were altered in all 10 Cetuximab-resistant samples. We also discovered there are 151 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) in Cetuximab sensitive group and 37 in the resistant group. CYP4A11 was the most frequently mutated gene in Cetuximab-resistant patients. BCAS1, GOLGA6L1 and WNT16 were found to be the second group of frequently mutated genes which found in to occur at a frequency of 60% in resistant patients. After cosine similarity analysis with 30 known signatures, three mutational signatures (signature a, b and c) were found in all CRC tumors, similar to Signature 1, 5 and 6 in COSMIC, respectively. Gene ontology analysis was performed on SMGs and found twelve enriched GO terms. Four genes are enriched in six specific KEGG pathway groups, such as metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Steroid hormone biosynthesis, retinol metabolism and drug metabolism. In conclusion, we show that the establishment of a WES clinical study of Cetuximab resistance CRC with prospective follow-up of patients can help to identify candidate predictive biomarkers of response. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Changwen Jing, Ting Wang, Rong Ma, Haixia Cao, EnShun Xu, Zhuo Wang, Siwen Liu, Dan Chen, Junying Zhang, Yang Wu, Yuan Zhang, Ping Ding, Michael Y. Sha, Jianzhong Wu, Jifeng Feng. New genetic variations discovered in KRAS wild-type cetuximab resistant Chinese colorectal cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1703.
Hope
Authors: H. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THOSE of us who talk about ethical issues in medicine have our spiel on "truth-telling" down pat. We talk about the historical background of the policy of benign deception<sup>1</sup>; about data that show that patients generally suspect the truth anyway<sup>2</sup>; about recent changes in physician behavior in the direction of complete disclosure of unwelcome diagnostic news<sup>3</sup>; and finally, about the important ethical principles of autonomy and individual selfdetermination.<sup>4,5</sup>But sooner or later comes the rejoinder, delivered with the air of laying down the trump card: "All of that sounds very good. But how can you possibly justify ever taking away the patient's hope?" In debates on medical ethics, this question is all too often left unanswered. I believe that there is a satisfactory answer and that it has more to do, as Norman Cousins very correctly pointed out, with the "art of medicine" rather than the
Airway.. Instantly
Authors: R. Peter Oppenheimer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CONIOTOMY is not a new technique, but it seems that many practicing physicians have difficulty locating the cricothyroid membrane. The cricothyroid membrane is the easiest site to gain airway entry in an emergency. Any attempt to insert an instrument through the trachea superior to the cricothyroid membrane does not circumvent the laryngeal obstruction; any attempt to insert a needle or a tracheotome into the trachea poses the threat of injury to the cricoid, plus the added hazard of bleeding of the thyroid isthmus, laceration of the deep vessels of the neck, and perforation of the esophagus. The cricothyroid membrane lies subcutaneously and is overlaid by no vital structures. The method of finding the cricothyroid membrane for the average untrained individual is by putting a finger on the "Adam's apple"; this is readily palpable in all individuals. The finger is then moved caudad until a slight indentation is found. The first
THE TOXICITY OF BORIC ACID.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Cultures in Pneumonia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1938)

in its behavior by the cells composing it?Some simple reasons suggest themBelves.In the first place, the agent's.action to produce a neoplastie change takes place with extreme slowness as compared with the proliferation of the cells, once Ihcy have become ncoplasl ie, ('on- sequent ly the growth of the neoplasm appears to lake place entirely by multiplication of the cells of an initial focus.Growth doubtless docs take place wholly in Ibis w:\y in many eases because of a second peculiarity of the agent, namely, its dependence on a special sel of condi- tions in order that, it may produce a neoplastie chance.''1The necessity [or such conditions goes far to explain the agent's failure to take an active part in the tumor's dissemination in the body, granting indeed that the agent is present in the circulation before the fowl is moribund.Tbc possibility of immune processes effective against the agent when separate from the cells must lie keil in mind.The immune processes thus far recognized have been directed against the cells themselves, as in the case of the mammalian tumors.The relationship existing between the chicken sarcoma and its cause, as shown by previous papers and by the Undings here presented, seems to us to furnish some basis for the conception of an extrinsic cause for other sarcomata.
Correction: Fatal falciparum malaria and the availability of parenteral antimalarial drugs in hospitals
Journal: BMJ (1982)

would wish to work in this way.The responsibilities of the clinical community physician should be a paid option, open to general practitioners who want it.Those who prefer to restrict their scope to answering demand could continue to do so.Pioneering work should be done by volunteers rather than conscripts, but there is no need to assume that volunteers will be exceptional, or that public expectations, once roused, will not rapidly lead to new custom on a much wider scale.Is such a package politically realistic?Science continues to advance, enlarging the effective potential of medical care.It will not stop because governments have lost interest in public health services and are no longer willing to increase tax support.The gap between what is technically feasible, and what is actually done for the people, will continue to widen.As the public becomes aware of this, and as our profession comes to realise that reversion to private practice is not only unjust but, for all but a small minority, unprofitable, alternatives to the sacrifice of both science and social justice in spendthrift pursuit of the illusions of great power status will become major political issues.Both guns and butter we could perhaps afford, but elaborate weapons systems and advanced medical care for all are evidently no longer compatible.To win priority for life over death, we must do more than defend the health service we have; we must expand our imaginations to claim the Health Service that science now makes possible.
The "butterfly" eruption
Authors: K. M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Physicians are aware of the distinctive malar flush or "butterfly" eruption which characterizes systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Fig 1). The other butterfly eruptions illustrated in this section are associated with unrelated dermatologic conditions of no great medical concern. Needless anxiety for either patient or physician may be avoided if the lesions are examined for the characteristic morphologic signs. Seborrheic dermatitis of the malar areas may appear as a symmetrical erythema involving the butterfly area. The lesion is granular to the touch and is covered by a greasy scale (Fig 2) unlike the erythema, edema, and telangiectasia of SLE. Erythema and scaling of the scalp, eyebrows, and retroauricular areas as well as marginal blepharitis are also usually found. Acne rosacea of the malar areas presents a more difficult diagnostic problem (Fig 3) since telangiectasia is a constant feature which with the erythema may easily be confused with SLE. Unlike SLE acneiform
Selected Articles from This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Inhibition of DNA damage response and PI3K signaling has emerged as a potential strategy for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hong and colleagues assessed a CHK1 inhibitor, prexasertib, in combination with a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, samotolisib, in preclinical models and a phase Ib study. This combination was synergistic or additive in 30 of 38 PDX models examined. In the clinical setting, an overall response rate (ORR) of 15.1% was observed. However, the toxicity profile of this combination limits its utility moving forward. Given the potential clinical benefit of the combined inhibition of CHK1 and PI3K/mTOR, alternative strategies to more safely target these pathways in patients are needed.Although immune checkpoint inhibition has provided clinical benefit to cancer patients, many patients do not ultimately respond to this strategy; thus, new strategies to enhance the efficacy of ICI are needed. Papadopoulos and colleagues performed a phase I study of an anti-GITR monoclonal antibody, MK-4166, as monotherap. and in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. MK-4166 was well tolerated, and a maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. Clinical responses were observed with combination treatment, particularly in patients with ICI-naïve melanoma, with an ORR of 62%. Further study of this combination is warranted, particularly in patients not previously treated with ICI.The T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and has emerged as an attractive target for checkpoint blockade therapies. Shaffer and colleagues developed a novel PET imaging to noninvasively quantify TIGIT expression in the tumor microenvironment. The probe was highly specific for TIGIT expressed by TILs in syngeneic mouse melanoma models as demonstrated with small animal PET imaging, ex vivo flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. This TIGIT imaging probe shows promise as the basis of a clinically relevant tool in screening cancer patients and monitoring therapeutic efficacy.Inherited mutations in DNA repair genes commonly are associated with familial cancer. Using MSK-IMPACT, Topka and colleagues identified a subset of patients with cancer-harboring germline or somatic aberrations within the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, including ERCC2 and ERCC3. Cells harboring heterozygous mutations in these genes showed increased sensitivity to irofulven. Synergy was identified between irofulven and several additional therapeutics, including cisplatin. These data suggest that further study of irofulven is warranted, especially in ERCC2/3-mutant patients.