tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How it feels to withdraw feeding from newborn babies
Authors: None Anonymous
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two calcium-sensitive guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAP1 and GCAP2) activate cGMP synthesis in photoreceptor by retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase isozymes (RetGC1 and RetGC2) to expedite recovery, but calcium-insensitive constitutively active GCAP1 mutants cause photoreceptor degeneration in human patients and transgenic mice. Although GCAP1 and GCAP2 can both activate RetGC1 and RetGC2 <i>in vitro</i>, we find that GCAP1 selectively regulates RetGC1 <i>in vivo</i>. Furthermore, elimination of RetGC1 but not RetGC2 isozyme reverses abnormal calcium sensitivity of cGMP synthesis and rescues mouse rods in transgenic mice expressing GCAP1 mutants causing photoreceptor disease. Rods expressing mutant GCAP1 not only survive in the absence of RetGC1 but also remain functional, albeit with reduced electroretinography (ERG) amplitudes typical of <i>RetGC1</i><sup>−/−</sup> genotype. The rod ERG recovery from a strong flash, only slightly affected in both <i>RetGC1</i><sup>−/−</sup> and <i>RetGC2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice, becomes very slow in <i>RetGC1</i><sup>−/−</sup> but not <i>RetGC2</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice when GCAP2 is not available to provide Ca<sup>2+</sup> feedback to the remaining RetGC isozyme. The intrinsic biochemical properties of RetGC and GCAP determined <i>in vitro</i> do not explain the observed phenomena. Instead, our results argue that there must be a cellular mechanism that limits GCAP1 access to RetGC2 and makes RetGC1 isozyme a preferential target for the disease-causing GCAP1 mutants. A more general conclusion from our findings is that nondiscriminatory interactions between homologous effector enzymes and their regulatory proteins permitted by their intrinsic biochemical properties can be effectively restricted in a living photoreceptor.
Warm up
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Warm upSo you're a rocket scientist.That doesn't impress me much.Unless of course you can help me live longer, feel better, and look younger.We do not have all the answers, but we can certainly add a few extra years to some bits.Your bones, for example.You don't need to be a rocket scientist to know the importance of preventing falls and hip fractures in older people nor do you need modern technology to run an exercise programme (p 7).Resistance training helps improve muscular strength and bone density (p 18) and Tai Chi can help balance, flexibility, and fitness (p 29).Looking younger is a little more difficult.So you think you're quite fit.That doesn't impress me much.But if you want to throw further, jump higher, or run faster, the laboratory may be able to help.We can test your fitness by measuring lactate levels (p 35), and assess muscle isokinetic strength and mobility (p 39).But, take care you don't overdo it.Our knowledge of overtraining isincomplete (p 67) and sport can aVect one's perception of mental health (p 4).Measuring your thoughts-that's a diVerent journal.
The sensitized liver represents a rich source of endogenous leukotrienes
Authors: W Hagmann
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The ability of livers to produce endogenous leukotrienes after immunological stimulation was tested with organs from rats and guinea pigs. Passive sensitization of rats in vivo with monoclonal murine antidinitrophenol-IgE before antigen challenge in the isolated perfused liver system elicited a rapid hepatic production and biliary excretion of leukotrienes as judged by radioimmunoassay after separation of individual leukotrienes by high-performance liquid chromatography. Within 10 min after antigen infusion, mainly leukotriene C4, but also leukotriene D4 and N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, appeared in the bile. The biliary excretion rate of antigen-induced cysteinyl leukotrienes rose from <2 pmol · min−1 · (kg body mass)−1 before challenge to about 30 pmol · min−1 · (kg body mass)−1 for 20 min before it declined toward prechallenge level. Quantitatively similar hepatic production of cysteinyl leukotrienes was elicited in isolated perfused guinea pig livers challenged with ovalbumin after active sensitization of the animals with ovalbumin plus Al(OH)3. To exclude extrahepatic contributions to the observed leukotriene production, both passive sensitization with anti-dinitrophenol-IgE and subsequent antigen challenge were performed on isolated rat livers perfused with blood-free medium. Such exclusively hepatic sensitization and challenge also resulted in massive production of leukotrienes. The biliary excretion rate of cysteinyl leukotrienes amounted to approximately 20 pmol · min−1 · (kg body mass)−1 during the 10 to 20 min period after antigen challenge as compared with <1 pmol · min−1 · (kg body mass)−1 before challenge. These results indicate that during anaphylaxis the liver represents a rich source of leukotrienes, and, among the cellular production sites in question, liver mast cells alone or in cooperation (e.g., with Kupffer cells) are likely candidates for such hepatic leukotriene generation. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:482–488.)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome caused by a solitary pancreatic gastrinoma
Authors: P. N. Maton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THERE are three familial forms of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), all of which are inherited as autosomal dominant traits. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I is characterized by hyperparathyroidism, pituitary tumors, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and other less common manifestations.<sup>1,2</sup>Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II is characterized by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism.<sup>3,4</sup>Patients with MEN type III, otherwise named "MEN type lib," are similar to patients with MEN type II but also have mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus.<sup>4,5</sup>These three conditions are inherited separately and are distinct entities. Thus, mucosal neuromas are restricted to MEN type IIb, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma occur only in MEN type II, and pituitary tumors and islet cell tumors occur only in MEN type I. However, because increasing numbers of patients with MEN syndromes are now being followed up, together with the increasing longevity of these patients, features
Correction: ABC of Transfusion: Transfusion of red cells
Journal: BMJ (1990)

well tolerated by patients and are the most effective agents to date.If their long term safety is confirmed in large studies they are likely to become first line agents in the management of hypercholesterolaemia.They also have a role in patients with combined increases of cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.Additional data on their impact on coronary morbidity and mortality are necessary, however, before the wide- spread use of statins is contemplated.OTHER DRUGS
McClintock, others continue work that earned Nobel
Authors: K. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to 81-year-old geneticist Barbara McClintock, PhD, of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Long Island, NY, for her work of more than 30 years ago involving transposable genetic elements, or "jumping genes." McClintock developed her theories in the 1930s and 1940s from her work with the genetics of maize, or Indian corn. She noted certain patterns of pigmentation on the leaves and kernels that she felt were a reflection of what was happening at the molecular level, namely, that pieces of the chromosomes were rearranging spontaneously and that the genes in their new positions were effecting a change in phenotype. She referred to the jumping genes as "controlling elements," and she postulated that there were two types: one,<i>Ds (dissociation)</i>, that caused the chromosomal breakage, and the second,<i>Ac (activator)</i>, that was needed for<i>Ds</i>to be active. The<i>Ds</i>element "jumped"
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction Syndrome
Authors: S Anuras
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a syndrome of many causes. Attempts must be made to determine the cause and the extent of the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in each patient, because they will dictate the method of treatment for that patient. Family history must be taken from all primary chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction patients. If it is positive, genetic counseling and proper medical management can be given to newly identified cases in the family.
Pinkus, not Pincus
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recovery of Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Bronchoalveolar Lavage under Normal and Activated Conditions
Authors: Bernd Rehn, Joachim Bruch, Tong Zou, Gunter Hobusch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

When rat (female Wistar) lungs were lavaged (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL) six times with physiological saline, approximately the same number of alveolar macrophages (AM) were found in the first and second BAL, whereas in the third fourth, fifth, and sixth BAL, the number of AM decreased exponentially. Morphometric counting of the number of AM in histological sections of lung tissue showed that only 14% of the AM population had been recovered by BAL. Although additives to the BAL fluid such as lidocaine and/or fetal calf serum increased the AM count in the first washing considerably, the total number of AM washed out remained unaltered. Addition of the phagocytosis stimulant zymosan increased the AM count in BAL by a factor of more than 2. On stimulation of the lungs with an inert dust (silicon carbide), the AM count in the BAL and the lung was only slightly increased 8 weeks after intratracheal instillation. In contrast, after exposure to fibrogenic and cytotoxic quartz, the AM count in BAL and lung was significantly increased, and the recovery of AM had also increased by a factor of approximately 2. The experiments show that it is the micromilieu of the alveoli and the condition of the AM (certain physiological activation states, such as phagocytic activity) that essentially determine the degree of recovery.
Risk of not receiving second-line therapy is high in EGFR mt+ pts: Real world data of certified lung cancer centers on treatment sequence in EGFR mt+ pts
Authors: J. Roeper, M. Falk, S. Schatz, M. Tiemann, C. Wesseler, G. Wiest, S. Sackmann, D. Ukena, L.C. Heukamp, F. Griesinger
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
In brief
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In briefRegulator rules that advertisements on plain packs are misleading: The Advertising Standards Authority has ruled that ads run by Japan Tobacco International-against the introduction of plain, standard packaging-are misleading and must not be published again.The ads, placed in the national press in 2012, stated that in 2008 the government had "rejected" plain packaging for tobacco because "there was no credible evidence" to support such a policy.The regulator concluded that the claim was misleading and breached the advertising code of practice.Services are failing people with dementia: People with dementia who live in care homes in England are more likely than similar people without dementia to go to hospital with avoidable conditions such as urinary infections, the Care Quality Commission has said after inspecting 20 000 services.Once admitted, people with dementia are more likely than those without dementia to stay in hospital longer, be readmitted, and die in hospital.There are also continuing concerns about the quality of services for people with mental health issues and learning disabilities. 1Disclosure of pharma sponsorship made compulsory in Portugal: A law that was enacted on 15 February requires doctors, scientific societies, and patient associations in Portugal to publicly disclose all sponsorship from the pharmaceutical industry to the national drug regulator (Infarmed).The disclosure is made through an electronic platform and is immediately published on the drug regulator's website (www.infarmed.pt).Failure to disclose conflicts of interests could result in fines of €2000 (£1740; $2600) to €45 000.Smoking to be banned from all Dutch cafes: Dutch health minister Martin van Rijn has confirmed to MPs that he will bring forward changes to the law enforcing a smoking ban throughout the Netherlands' hospitality industry.A majority of MPs recently voted for a total ban.Currently, smaller cafés, employing no staff, are exempt.Last year, smoking increased from 25% to 26% of in the adult population.Partners agree to vaccinate 400 million children: The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) have signed a memorandum of understanding to help save children's lives by accelerating the introduction of lifesaving vaccines in IDB member countries.By 2020, GAVI plans to vaccinate more than 400 million children in at least 29 member countries with the aim of preventing 3.2 million deaths at an estimated cost of $7bn.
Syphilis, Modern Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In 63 small pages of type arranged in an easily readable style and with 43 good color illustrations, modern knowledge of syphilis has been well summarized. Each stage of the disease is described succinctly and with the authority of thorough understanding and experience. Undoubtedly this is a reflection of the assistance of Sidney Olansky and Evan W. Thomas as acknowledged in the book. William J. Brown, Chief of the Venereal Disease Branch of the Communicable Disease Center, in the foreword, calls attention to the reversal in 1955 of the decline of syphilis. Since 1958, the incidence of infectious early syphilis in many communities has doubled each year, although there has not been a parallel increase in the number of reported cases of gonorrhea. One thing that can be done to reduce the resurgence of syphilis is to teach the basic facts of the disease to medical students and house staff.
Omission of Research Support
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fungal arthritis.
Authors: M L Cuellar, L H Silveira, L R Espinoza
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

There are 50 000-200 000 species of fungi, but only about 100 of these cause infectious diseases (mycoses) in humans.'Fungal infections are not readily recognised, do not advertise their presence in a characteristic fashion, and the causative organism is generally not easy to demonstrate in tissue.2Musculoskeletal infection by fungi was once rare, but its incidence has increased in the past few years.Although healthy subjects may host fungal diseases, various predisposing factors that depress the immune system have been implicated in most patients developing fungal infections or fungal arthritis, or both.3Alcoholism, cirrhosis, diabetes, tuberculosis, cancer, prematurity, treatment with corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, prolonged use of intravenous antibiotics, intra- venous drug abuse, granulocytopenia, and marrow hyperplasia are among the predisposing factors.Fungal arthritis usually follows a chronic indolent course of several months that leads to delays in diagnosis and to inappropriate treat- ment such as intra-articular and systemic steroids.Consequently, it is important to know the epidemiology and extra-articular manifesta- tions of fungal disease to be aware of the possibility of musculoskeletal infection and to establish an appropriate treatment.The table gives the main characteristics of fungal arthritis.
Antibody Engineering
Authors: Jennifer Maynard, George Georgiou
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2000)

Antibodies are unique in their high affinity and specificity for a binding partner, a quality that has made them one of the most useful molecules for biotechnology and biomedical applications. The field of antibody engineering has changed rapidly in the past 10 years, fueled by novel technologies for the in vitro isolation of antibodies from combinatorial libraries and their functional expression in bacteria. This review presents an overview of the methods available for the de novo generation of human antibodies, for engineering antibodies with increased antigen affinity, and for the production of antibody fragments. Select applications of recombinant antibodies are also presented.
New forms and new needs may make macrolides antibiotics of the decade
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN THE HIGH desert city whose pure air drew many people with tuberculosis seeking a cure in the preantibiotic era, nearly 400 researchers met recently to talk about new drugs that are designed to treat recalcitrant infections. The First International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides and Streptogramins, held in Santa Fe, NM, held in recent days, brought together investigators from around the world. It was their first time to compare data on a neglected class of antibiotics that a variety of factors has now made "hot." How hot? What about a one-shot, 100% effective treatment for genital<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infection? Is excitement justified concerning what seems to be the most effective therapy yet against<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Toxoplasmosis gondii</i>, and other opportunistic infections that invade the immunocompromised human body? Will physicians welcome a well-tolerated, cost-effective cure for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis? <h3>Physicians Optimistic</h3> The scientists who met in Santa Fe
British Journal of Dermatology, London
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcome According to Tumor Ras Mutation Status in Opus Study Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Randomized to FOLFOX4 with or Without Cetuximab as First-Line Treatment
Authors: C. Bokemeyer, C.H. Köhne, F. Ciardiello, H.J. Lenz, V. Heinemann, U. Klinkhardt, F. Beier, C. Stroh, H. van Krieken, S. Tejpar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Combination of sivelestat and n-acetylcysteine alleviates the inflammatory response and exceeds standard treatment for acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Authors: Sarah Raevens, Sanne Van Campenhout, Pieter-Jan De Backer, Sander Lefere, Xavier Verhelst, Anja Geerts, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Isabelle Colle, Lindsey Devisscher
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
In This Issue
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Role of Gab1 in Postnatal Angiogenesis (p 664)Blood vessels get growing with Gab1, report Shioyama et al.Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) is an intracellular protein that amplifies signals triggered by extracellular factors, such as cytokines, antigens, and growth factors.Shioyama et al wondered whether blood vessel development, a process regulated by growth factors, might therefore require Gab1.Mice that lack this protein die as embryos, having failed to properly develop organs, such as the heart, skin, and muscle.The team thus removed Gab1 specifically from mouse vascular endothelial cells to see if blood vessel growth was impaired.It was.Newborn wild-type mice that had their femoral arteries ligated to induce hind limb ischemia underwent a period of angiogenesis after ligature removal, but the hind limbs of mice lacking endothelial cell Gab1 did not similarly recover.Although a number of growth factors promote angiogenesis, the team showed that HGF was the main activator of Gab1.HGF treatment induced Gab1 phosphorylation and promoted the association of Gab1 with signaling factors and downstream activation of Gab1 target genes.Gab1 could, thus, become a target for pro-or antiangiogenic therapies of the future.