tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Targeted disruption of H3 receptors results in changes in brain histamine tone leading to an obese phenotype
Authors: Kazuhiko Takahashi, Hiroaki Suwa, Tomoo Ishikawa, Hidehito Kotani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Histamine is an aminergic neurotransmitter that is localized in the CNS and in peripheral tissues. To date, four histamine receptors have been identified, and the H3 receptor, which was recently cloned, is predominantly expressed in the CNS. The peripheral functions of histamine have been investigated intensively using available molecular and pharmacological tools, and the molecular identification of the H3 receptor opens up new possibilities for investigating the role of histamine in central tissues. To understand the biological function of the histamine presynaptic autoreceptor H3, we inactivated the receptor through homologous recombination. H3–/– mice manifest mild obese phenotypes that are characterized by increases in body weight, food intake, and adiposity and by reductions in energy expenditure. Consistent with these observations, homozygous null mice have insulin and leptin resistance, increased levels of plasma leptin and insulin, and decreased levels of histamine in the hypothalamic/thalamic region of their brains coupled with increased histamine turnover. The expression of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue and of UCP3 in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle is decreased in H3–/– mutants, and the anorexigenic activity of thioperamide is not observed. These results suggest that neuronal histamine is a mediator of body-weight homeostasis and that neuronal histamine functions through H3 receptors in mice.
Allergen avoidance in a day-care center
Authors: A. K. M. Munir, R. Einarsson, S. Dreborg
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The predominant sensitizing allergens in Swedish asthmatic children are furred pet animals. Poor ventilation and increased indoor humidity cause accumulation of pet allergens indoors. Indirect contacts with cats also increase pet allergen exposure. We investigated whether the concentration and the total amount of cat (Fel d I) and dog (Can f I) allergen in dust from various surfaces in a day-care center were influenced by extensive renovation, installation of a new ventilation system, ventilation of floors, and avoidance by families and personnel of direct and indirect contacts with pets. The cleaning routine in the day-care center was changed extensively after renovation. Old mattresses, pillowcases, curtains, sofas, and soft toys were removed, and new materials were purchased. Dust was collected from various surfaces before and after renovation from table and chair surfaces, floors, curtains, mattresses, pillows, cushion-like toys, and sofas on five occasions during a 12-month period. Fel d I and Can f I allergen levels were determined by sandwich ELISA. The reduction in the total amount of both Fel d I and Can f I/sampling area was more pronounced than the reduction in the concentration of allergen/g of dust. After renovation, the mean cat and dog allergen concentration was decreased by six and 10 times, respectively. After 1 year, the total amount of cat allergen was lower in all areas (from 24 ng to<1 ng/sampling area, P< 0.05). Already at the first sampling after renovation, the total amount of dog allergen had decreased more than 10 times. In a previous study, we found the median concentration of cat and dog allergen to be 10–30 times higher in ordinary day-care centers. Our present study demonstrates that children changing from a normal center to the renovated center would be exposed to much lower levels of cat and dog allergen. Combined measures such as installation of mechanical ventilation, ventilated floors, regular extensive cleaning, and, probably most important, avoidance of direct and indirect contacts with pets, should decrease cat and dog allergen exposure in day-care centers.
The prevalence of antibody responses against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antigens in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: J. de Wit, J.E.E. Totté, F.J.M. van Buchem, S.G.M.A. Pasmans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common type of eczema. The bacterium Staphylococcus (S.) aureus plays a role in AD, possibly via various substances that are part of the bacterium. In people with AD, how the body's immune system reacts to these substances might lead to the inflammation seen in AD. In this study, we provide an overview of what is known from current literature (e.g. studies published in medical journals) on the immune response (antibodies) against S. aureus substances (antigens) in AD patients compared to healthy controls (people without AD). Scientific literature was systematically obtained from different databases. We extracted data on how often (so‐called ‘prevalence’) antibodies of, among others, the IgE type directed against S. aureus can be found in AD patients. A weighted prevalence was calculated, as studies with more patients were regarded more relevant, and prevalence was compared between AD patients and healthy controls. Tests for differences between studies and overall study quality were done to interpret the robustness of the results. We included 26 publications with a total of 2369 patients. In 10 studies a control group (of people without AD) was also studied. Study quality was fair to poor. The weighted prevalence of IgE against S. aureus antigens was 33% for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, 35% for SEB and 16% for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)‐1. Compared to healthy controls, AD patients had 8.37 times more IgE against SEA and 9.37 times more IgE against SEB. No significant difference was seen for IgE against TSST‐1. Interpretation of the results should take into account that there were some important differences in study design and the fact that the studies were generally small. In conclusion, AD patients more often show an IgE antibody response against the S. aureus antigens SEA and SEB compared to healthy controls. These findings show that S. aureus may have a role in AD.
A sense of humor
Authors: C. D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To do the exacting work of medicine devoid of a sense of humor adds immeasurably to the effort. Humor often saves the day when dealing with man's foibles, with his genius and idiocies, his joys and sorrows, pleasure and pains, loves and hates, generosities and meannesses, grace and clumsiness, gentility and crudeness, in short, with his inconsistencies. A sense of humor is a precious possession and those so endowed find it difficult to conceive of life without it. Humor cannot be invoked as can theorems or the law. Humor is natural or it is nothing; if it does not come gracefully it is better unessayed. Not that it cannot be practiced as one strives to know oneself, which as the record has it is one of the most difficult jobs in the world. Humor is a basic trait appearing to develop in formative years. Perhaps it is akin to learning
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Andrew M. Naidech
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Intracranial hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition, the outcome of which can be improved by intensive care. Intracranial hemorrhage may be spontaneous, precipitated by an underlying vascular malformation, induced by trauma, or related to therapeutic anticoagulation. The goals of critical care are to assess the proximate cause, minimize the risks of hemorrhage expansion through blood pressure control and correction of coagulopathy, and obliterate vascular lesions with a high risk of acute rebleeding. Simple bedside scales and interpretation of computed tomography scans assess the severity of neurological injury. Myocardial stunning and pulmonary edema related to neurological injury should be anticipated, and can usually be managed. Fever (often not from infection) is common and can be effectively treated, although therapeutic cooling has not been shown to improve outcomes after intracranial hemorrhage. Most functional and cognitive recovery takes place weeks to months after discharge; expected levels of functional independence (no disability, disability but independence with a device, dependence) may guide conversations with patient representatives. Goals of care impact mortality, with do-not-resuscitate status increasing the predicted mortality for any level of severity of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Future directions include refining the use of bedside neuro-monitoring (electroencephalogram, invasive monitors), novel approaches to reduce intracranial hemorrhage expansion, minimizing vasospasm, and refining the assessment of quality of life to guide rehabilitation and therapy.
Cleansing
Authors: Natalie A. Mariano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

On Being a Doctor18 January 2000CleansingNatalie A. Mariano, MDNatalie A. Mariano, MDFalmouth, MA 02540 (Mariano)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-2-200001180-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail She lay still, so frail and quiet you would think that she had already died. But when I walked into her bedroom and spoke her name, her eyes opened and lit up. Her life was in her smile.Her husband stood at the foot of the bed, relating the events of the past several days. She ate a few bites of scrambled egg this morning. He gave her drops of medicine through a straw. She was too weak to get out of bed, but he changed her position every 2 hours, just as the visiting nurse had shown him. She ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Falmouth, MA 02540 (Mariano)Corresponding Author: Natalie A. Mariano, MD, 15 Simpson Lane, Falmouth, MA 02540. For reprint orders in quantities exceeding 100, please contact the Reprints Coordinator; phone, 215-351-2657; e-mail, [email protected]acponline.org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 January 2000Volume 132, Issue 2Page: 163KeywordsChildrenCoughingFallsForecastingNurses ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 January 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sources of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

PointersAlimentary Bleeding: Diagnosis and manage- ment, with special reference to the less common causes (p.267).Leader this page.Miliary Tuberculosis: Cryptic form common in the over 60's; account of 40 cases, 10 of which were diagnosed only by therapeutic trial with chemotherapeutic agents (p.273).Leader at p. 265.Osteomalacia: Severe metabolic acidosis in nine patients suggests this may be a factor in pathogenesis (p.276).Exercise and Atrial Fibrillation: Propranolol did not improve exercise tolerance in those patients whose resting ventricular rate was con- trolled with digitalis (p.279).Placental Barrier: Placenta acts as barrier to coagulation factors.Deficiency of these factors may be in part responsible for the higher mortality of premature babies (p.281).Familial L.C.A.T. Deficiency: First report in a male with a fatal outcome (p.283).Treating Asthma: Trial suggests that salbuta- mol by inhalation may prove to be most effec-0
Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors
Authors: R Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

In the developed countries, a causal relationship has been strongly established between esophageal squamous-cell cancer and consumption of alcohol (classified as a nutrient) and tobacco (classified as carcinogen-generating nitrosamines). Chronic inflammation of the mucosa (esophagitis) has been regarded as a preneoplastic condition in these patients. However, the predisposition to develop cancer is influenced by genetic polymorphism - i. e., the variable ability of individuals to metabolize toxic or carcinogenic agents.
MAX von PETTENKOFER (1818-1901)— GUARDIAN OF COMMUNAL HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Implantable infusion pump
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obstetrics-Gynecology
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Minority children at risk from ETS.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In research published last summer, scientists revealed that prenatal exposure to methylmercury, an organic form of mercury that accumulates in animal tissues, may affect the blood pressure and ability to respond to sensory stimuli in exposed children later in life. The team is now also confirming findings of mercury-related neurodevelopmental effects among the Faroese subjects by studying a cohort of Madeiran children.
415. Stimulating Full-Length SMN2 Expression by Delivering Bi-Functional RNAs Via a Viral Vector
Authors: Travis D. Baughan, Monir Shababi, Gregory E. Tullis, Christian L. Lorson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Spinal Muscular Atrophy is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder that is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused by the homozygous absence of Survival Motor Neuron-1 (SMN1). In humans, a nearly identical copy gene is present called SMN2. SMN2 is retained in all SMA patients and encodes an identical protein compared to SMN1, however, SMN1 and SMN2 differ by a silent C to T transition at the 5' end of exon 7. This single nucleotide difference results in the production of an alternatively spliced isoform called SMN-delta7 that encodes an unstable and non-functional protein. Even though the majority of SMN2-derived transcripts lack exon 7, the presence of SMN2 represents a unique therapeutic target because SMN2 has the capacity to encode a fully functional protein. Here we describe an in vivo delivery system for short bi-functional RNAs that modulate SMN2 splicing. Bi-functional RNAs derive their name due to the presence of two functional domains: an RNA sequence that is complimentary to a specific cellular RNA (e.g. SMN exon 7); and an untethered RNA segment that serves as a sequence-specific binding platform for cellular splicing factors, such as SR proteins. Plasmid-based and recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors were developed that expressed bi-functional RNAs that stimulated SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and full-length SMN protein in patient fibroblasts. These experiments provide a mechanism to modulate splicing from a variety of genetic contexts and directly demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach for SMA.
Lehrbuch der Urologie mit Einschluss der männlichen Sexualerkrankungen.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antiendotoxin Antibodies
Authors: Jay P. Siegel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 February 1995Antiendotoxin AntibodiesJay P. SiegelJay P. SiegelCenter for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852. University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201-1595.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-4-199502150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a recent editorial [1], Cross noted that several trials of antiendotoxin therapies have shown trends toward increased mortality in patients who do not have documented gram-negative bacteremia. He proceeded to speculate, as have others, that "strategies directed at modulating host defenses in sepsis may be two-edged swords" that "actually may accelerate the infectious process" in some patients.Given these legitimate concerns, it is surprising that he also speculated that all-cause mortality may not be the appropriate end point for determining the efficacy of a potential therapeutic agent and that reversal in a relevant endotoxin-induced physiologic variable ...References1. Cross AS. Antiendotoxin antibodies: a dead-end? (Editorial) Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:58-60. Google Scholar2. McCloskey MD, Straube RC, Sanders C, Smith SM, Smith CR, the CHESS Trial Study Group. Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:1-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852. University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201-1595. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDevelopment of Small-Molecule Endotoxin Sequestering AgentsSan-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang reduces lipopolysaccharides-induced hypotension and inflammatory mediatorsTowards a rational development of anti-endotoxin agents: novel approaches to sequestration of bacterial endotoxins with small moleculesThe role of polar and facial amphipathic character in determining lipopolysaccharide-binding properties in synthetic cationic peptidesLipopolyamines: Novel Antiendotoxin Compounds That Reduce Mortality in Experimental Sepsis Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria 15 February 1995Volume 122, Issue 4Page: 315-316KeywordsAnimal modelsAntibodiesBacteremiaConfidence intervalsEndotoxinsMortalitySepsisShock Issue Published: 15 February 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The vasopressin V1b receptor critically regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under both stress and resting conditions
Authors: Akito Tanoue, Shuji Ito, Kenji Honda, Sayuri Oshikawa, Yoko Kitagawa, Taka-aki Koshimizu, Toyoki Mori, Gozoh Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The neurohypophyseal peptide [Arg8]-vasopressin (AVP) exerts major physiological actions through three distinct receptor isoforms designated V1a, V1b, and V2. Among these three subtypes, the vasopressin V1b receptor is specifically expressed in pituitary corticotrophs and mediates the stimulatory effect of vasopressin on ACTH release. To investigate the functional roles of V1b receptor subtypes in vivo, gene targeting was used to create a mouse model lacking the V1b receptor gene (V1bR–/–). Under resting conditions, circulating concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone were lower in V1bR–/– mice compared with WT mice (V1bR+/+). The normal increase in circulating ACTH levels in response to exogenous administration of AVP was impaired in V1bR–/– mice, while corticotropin-releasing hormone–stimulated ACTH release in the V1bR–/– mice was not significantly different from that in the V1bR+/+ mice. AVP-induced ACTH release from primary cultured pituitary cells in V1bR–/– mice was also blunted. Furthermore, the increase in ACTH after a forced swim stress was significantly suppressed in V1bR–/– mice. Our results clearly demonstrate that the V1b receptor plays a crucial role in regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. It does this by maintaining ACTH and corticosterone levels, not only under stress but also under basal conditions.
Wearing tights.
Authors: M. J. Bull
Journal: BMJ (1969)

colleges, Ludhiana, takes in an equal number of men and women medical students, and for its 50 places this year had 2,400 applications, a steadily rising number over the paist six years.-Iam, etc., E. GERARD HOUSDEN.London S.W.19.Abbreviations SIR,-I should like to support most strongly the plea by