tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antagonism of ICAM-1 Attenuates Airway and Tissue Responses to Antigen in Sensitized Rats
Authors: T. Nagase, Y. Fukuchi, T. Matsuse, E. Sudo, H. Matsui, H. Orimo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 α (LFA-1α) and has been shown to be required for leukocyte migration into inflamed area. The purpose of this report was to investigate the role of ICAM-1/LFA-1α pathway in a rat model of extrinsic asthma using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We chose to study ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized Brown-Norway rats, an animal model in which there is a high prevalence of both early (ER) and late responses (LR) after antigen challenge. We measured tracheal and alveolar pressure using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated animals to calculate resistance of lung (Rl), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw). In the OA group, both ER (Rl, Rti, Raw = 263 ± 16, 235 ± 10, 309 ± 38 %baseline) and LR (Rl, Rti, Raw = 265 ± 26, 238 ± 13, 316 ± 55 %baseline) were observed. The administration of mAbs to ICAM-1 and LFA-1α significantly attenuated the ER (Rl, Rti, Raw = 146 ± 9, 141 ± 11, 156 ± 8 %baseline) and LR (Rl, Rti, Raw = 128 ± 8, 124 ± 5, 137 ± 1 %baseline), indicating that both airway and lung tissues were involved in this mechanism. The current observations suggest that ICAM-1/LFA-1α pathway is involved in both the early and late responses in a rat model of allergic asthma. The antagonism of ICAM-1 and LFA-1α may provide a potential therapeutic approach to the early and late responses of bronchial asthma.
Aquatic Models for the Study of Renal Transport Function and Pollutant Toxicity
Authors: David S. Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Studies of renal cell transport mechanisms and their impairment by xenobiotics are often limited by technical difficulties related to renal tubule complexity. Problems include the juxtaposition of multiple tubule segments with different transport functions and severely limited access to the tubular lumen. Some limitations can be overcome by the careful selection of an appropriate aquatic experimental system. Two aquatic models for the vertebrate proximal segment are discussed here. The first is the kidney from certain marine flounder, which offers the following advantages: long-term viability, little tissue of nonproximal origin, and easy tubule isolation. Data are presented to demonstrate how studies with flounder kidney can be used to elucidate cellular mechanisms whereby different classes of toxic pollutants may interact. Results from these experiments indicate that the excretion of certain anionic xenobiotics can be delayed by other anionic xenobiotics that compete for secretory transport sites and by compounds that disrupt cellular ion gradients and energy metabolism needed to drive transport. The second system is the crustacean urinary bladder, a simple, flatsheet epithelium. Bladder morphology and transport physiology closely resemble those of vertebrate proximal segment. Electron micrographs show a brush border membrane at the luminal surface, numerous mitochondria, and an infolded serosal membrane, while in vivo and in vitro transport studies show reabsorption of NaCl, nutrients and water and secretion of organic cations; organic anions are secreted in bladders from some species and reabsorbed in others. Moreover, since bladders can be mounted as flat sheets in flux chambers, studies with this tissue avoid the problems of complex renal tubule geometry and tissue heterogeneity that limit transport studies in proximal tubule.
Reviews: Making Sense of an Often Tangled Skein of Evidence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Editorials21 June 2005Reviews: Making Sense of an Often Tangled Skein of EvidenceThe EditorsThe EditorsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_Part_1-200506210-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical science is an intricately detailed tapestry of evidence, woven over many decades, from tens of thousands of hypotheses and observations. Astute observers rarely discern the tapestry's pattern from single studies; they know that a single study seldom allows people to see a pattern that changes insight and clinical practice. Far more often, medical practice changes only after a body of evidence accumulates to the point of revealing meaningful patterns. Recognizing the central role of evidence synthesis in shaping standards for clinical practice, Annals places a high priority on publishing up-to-date summative articles. This editorial offers advice for review artisans ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.Corresponding Author: Customer Service, American College of Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, PA 19106. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byE-cigarettes and Urologic Health: A Collaborative Review of Toxicology, Epidemiology, and Potential RisksPotential health benefits of simulated laughter: A narrative review of the literature and recommendations for future researchPoor reporting of search strategy and conflict of interest in over 250 narrative and systematic reviews of two biologic agents in arthritis: A systematic reviewEVIDENCE-BASED DRUG UTILIZATIONSystematic Reviews: Time to Address Clinical and Policy Relevance As Well As Methodological RigorAndreas Laupacis, MD and Sharon Straus, MDPatient-Care Questions that Physicians Are Unable to AnswerA Research Synthesis OverviewThe clinical application of pulse contour cardiac output and intrathoracic volume measurements in critically ill patientsChronic disorders of consciousnessSystematic reviews and meta-analyses in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 21 June 2005Volume 142, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1019-1020KeywordsConflicts of interestElderlyEvidence based medicineFallsHand strengthHealth care qualityHealth services researchPopulation statisticsResearch quality assessmentSystematic reviews ePublished: 21 June 2005 Issue Published: 21 June 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors' Pay
Authors: D. F. Boomla, P. Sarin, T. Bell, D. Ball, S. L. Price, P. M. B. Howard, H. P. Isaacson, R. Hood, R. F. Boomla, J. B. Greatrex, A. G. F. Marus, J. D. Price, G. R. Menezes, L. Mann, I. M. Sievers, W. D. H. Troughton, J. M. Troughton
Journal: BMJ (1964)
A perspective on diet, nutrition, and cancer
Authors: M. W. Pariza
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This communication (1) reviews the controversy surrounding dietary recommendations aimed at reducing the incidence of cancer; (2) presents the somewhat conflicting conclusions of two National Research Council committees; (3) discusses a critique of these conclusions prepared by the Council on Agricultural Science and Technology; and (4) summarizes some of the epidemiologic data presented at a recent workshop conference sponsored by the American Cancer Society. The participants in the latter conference were divided on what advice the public should be given regarding diet, nutrition, and cancer. In a poll, two thirds of the participants indicated either that no advice was warranted or that general advice stressing the desirability of eating in moderation was adequate, based on current scientific knowledge. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1455-1458)
Lærebog i intern medicin
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Headache
Authors: Dhirenda S. Bana
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Is there such a thing as migraine? Professor William Estlin Waters, an epidemiologist, thinks not. Noting that the understanding of headache has changed little in the past 100 years, he argues that a less than satisfactory classification of headache, along with the lack of a controlled collection of data and the probable bias of past studies, has led to some confusion in the use of the term<i>migraine</i>. Editor Geoffrey J. Bourke has initiated this series in clinical epidemiology anticipating that an interaction between epidemiologists and clinical practitioners may uncover clues about the causes and eventually aid in control of ill-understood diseases.<i>Headache</i>is the second book of the series, and the union, as Dr Waters points out, is not altogether harmonious. Clinicians strive continually to update their diagnostic criteria, while epidemiologists demand a uniformity of data throughout time to make any sensible observations. The classification of headache is, admittedly,
Cessation of cigarette smoking and pulmonary disease
Authors: R. V. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE PERIOD from 1940 to 1960 was the golden era in pulmonary disease. The development of effective treatment for tuberculosis dramatically altered the outlook for patients with this disease. Sanitariums were closed, resulting in the saving of large amounts of public money. Bronchiectasis became a rarity as a result of effective prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory infections. Empyema was seldom seen because of effective antibiotic treatment of pneumonia, and the prognosis of lung abscess was dramatically improved. We are left with a group of chronic pulmonary diseases that are intractable to treatment and associated with high mortality. These diseases are often accompanied by discomfort, suffering, and lingering death. The most common of these diseases are cancer of the lung, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema. Although large sums of money are spent in the treatment of chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema, there is little evidence that present-day therapy alters the
Exercise, sports and musculoskeletal medicine in UK medical school curricula: a survey
Authors: F Oluwajana, C Rufford, D Morrissey
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Introduction Exercise and obesity (EO) and sports and exercise medicine (SEM) are important topics in today's society and musculoskeletal medicine (MSK) is already a well established subject in medical schools. Despite the importance of these subjects, little is known about their occurrence in medical school curricula. the study aimed to investigate the availability of EO, SEM and MSK teaching in UK medical schools, opinions regarding the importance and quality of the teaching and to compare SEM and EO with MSK teaching. Method An anonymous online survey was designed, piloted and distributed to the deans of undergraduate medical education at 33 UK medical schools. reminder emails were sent to participants every 4 weeks for 4 months. Results The response rate was 76%. all medical schools have a direct focus on MSK in their curriculum. 68% have a direct focus on EO and 40% on SEM. There are more optional study opportunities in msk. 92% of medical schools assess MSK knowledge, while only 60% and 28% do so for EO and SEM respectively. MSK is perceived to be more important and have better quality teaching. The most common barrier to improving education was space in the curriculum. Conclusions EO and SEM teaching are uncommon and considered less important in UK medical schools compared to MSK teaching. Increasing the perceived importance of these subjects and providing curricular guidance to medical schools will help improvements to be implemented. The optional curriculum is likely to be the most appropriate initial method of increasing and improving teaching in EO and SEM.
Acyclovir in lymphomatoid papulosis and mycosis fungoides
Authors: G. Burg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The purpose of our article was to point out that hyponatremia is a serious life-threatening electrolyte disorder in ultramarathon runners. The likelihood of this syndrome developing in shorter-duration events appears low. Most of the published guidelines for athletes indicate the need to replace water losses without addressing salt losses. Both of the above letters are in agreement with our postulate that salt balance as well as water balance in participants of ultramarathon events should be considered. The observations of Hiller et al are consistent with our feelings. However, ultramarathon participants on foot are more likely to be water overloaded, with frequent aid stations every mile or two, than triathlon competitors, who spend the majority of the time cycling. Runners are encouraged to drink water liberally at these rest stops, whereas triathletes may find it difficult to consume equal amounts of water while cycling. There are many mechanisms leading
Errors in Box
Authors: Rui You, You-Ping Liu, Ming-Yuan Chen
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

did not choose concurrent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in this study. 1Additionally, we have conducted a phase 2 prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subsequent locoregional radiotherapy with concurrent programmed cell death protein 1 therapy in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (ClinicalTrials.govidentifier: NCT04398056).We also thank Dr Sharma and colleagues for helping analyze the reasons for the positive results of the study.According to their first point, we agree that the improvement in overall survival could be mainly due to the prevention of local disease progression.However, we also observed that the number of cases with distant metastatic recurrence was 34 in the chemotherapy plus radiotherapy arm and 43 in the chemotherapyalone arm, which also showed that locoregional radiotherapy resulted in fewer distant metastatic recurrences (54.0%vs 68.3%). 1 The observation suggested a possible mechanism that targeting the index tumor lesion could delay the seeding of subsequent tumor clones at distant sites. 3Future work is needed to understand the mechanisms contributing to this observed synergy in the clinic.According to their second point, we observed that the percentage of patients who received subsequent chemotherapy was greater in the chemotherapy plus radiotherapy arm vs the chemotherapy-alone arm (36 of 37 [97%] vs 41 of 56 [73%]), 1 which showed that the survival benefit might be partially due to the increased percentage of patients receiving subsequent chemotherapy in the chemotherapy plus radiotherapy arm.The lower percentage of patients receiving subsequent chemotherapy in the chemotherapy-alone arm was attributed to 4 patients receiving salvage locoregional radiotherapy alone, more observed deaths prior to second-line therapy, and 31 of 56 patients (55.4%) with both locoregional and distant metastasis recurrence, among whom some patients refused further treatment.According to this point, we find that the prevention of local and distant disease progression and death due to the combined subsequent radiotherapy in the chemotherapy plus radiotherapy arm could further improve the tolerance and completion of second-line therapy.
Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Colleen Gorman Koch
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complications Associated With Use of Bone-Morphogenetic Proteins in Spinal Fusion Procedures—Reply
Authors: Kevin S. Cahill
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS VIRUS WITH ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lockstep Unlocked
Authors: Glen R. Leymaster
Journal: JAMA (1971)

"Lockstep" is the word used in the past by would-be reformers to condemn the unvaried medical school curriculum with its emphasis on uniformity of years, courses, and sequence. They have painted word pictures of thousands of conforming students, all marching over the same ground, at the same pace, toward the identical goal. Today, forget it! In each school each student seems to be doing his (or her) own thing. For admission requirements for medical school, the accent is on the humanities, on community involvement, on nonacademic performance, on disadvantaged status—seemingly emphasizing almost any characteristic other than academic attainments in the biological sciences, educational achievements, and evaluation by the establishment. Within the medical school, variety is the watchword. The duration of the required medical school training varies from 33 months to five years. In some schools, the basic science laboratories may consume uncounted hours; in others they have almost disappeared. In
Treatment of depression
Authors: S. D. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Ostow's letter (1983;249:1825) concerning the use of dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate hydrochloride in the treatment of depression fails to justify rationally their routine use, even just for induction of antidepressant relief until the effect of another antidepressant agent (tricyclic or monoamine oxidate inhibitor drugs) occurs. While there is some evidence that some CNS stimulants may be helpful in some depressive conditions,<sup>1</sup>more studies have shown that many types of depressed patients do<i>not</i>experience any more benefit from either of these drugs than from a placebo.<sup>2-4</sup>Both of these medications, even in lower doses, can cause worsening of the primary symptoms of depression, ie, anorexia, weight loss, anxiety, and agitation.<sup>4,5</sup>True, in some cases there is improvement when methylphenidate is used with a tricyclic, but the mechanism for this improvement in these cases has not been carefully elucidated. This may be the result of
ARTERIAL DISEASES
Authors: H. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1906)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Place of death (POD) is considered a key quality indicator for adult end of-life care, but paediatric evidence is limited. Data from Child Death Overview Panel (CDOP) databases provides an opportunity to describe trends in POD as regional paediatric palliative medicine (PPM) options have increased. Aims were to identify and describe trends in POD for children in South Yorkshire. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective cohort study. Anonymised data extracted from five CDOP databases 2008–2015. Data included age, gender, ethnicity, postcode (outward code only), POD, classification and category of death. Descriptive statistical analysis using χ<sup>2</sup> test was used to assess intergroup differences. <h3>Results</h3> 748 deaths were notified from 2008 to 2015. Neonatal deaths were excluded, 46% (n=345). Of non-neonatal deaths (n=403), 58% (n=232) were ‘expected’. Of expected deaths (n=232), 19% (n=45) died in home, 19% (n=45) died in hospice and 61% (n=141) died in hospital. This was significantly different from comparable national data which showed considerably more hospital deaths. There was no significant change in POD over time. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Hospital remains the POD for most children, whether deaths are ‘expected’ or not, suggesting specialised PPM should be expanded into the hospital setting. More research is needed regarding preference for POD. This study may help inform future service planning for PPM and hospice development.