tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of high definition with standard white light endoscopy for detection of dysplastic lesions during surveillance colonoscopy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: V. Subramanian, E. Telakis, V. Ramappa, J. Mannath, A. Jawhari, K. Ragunath, C. J. Hawkey
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dysplasia in colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often multifocal and flat, making it easy for significant lesions to be overlooked. Dye spraying the mucosal surface is believed to enhance visualisation of subtle mucosal abnormalities, but is cumbersome and messy and has poor uptake among endoscopists. High definition (HD) colonoscopy improves adenoma detection rates by improving the ability to detect subtle mucosal changes and is as good as chromoendoscopy in polyp detection. The utility of high definition colonoscopy in dysplasia detection in patients with IBD has not been reported so far. The authors aimed to compare the yield of dysplastic lesions detected by standard definition white light endoscopy (SD) with high definition endoscopy (HD). <h3>Methods</h3> Details of consecutive patients with long standing (&gt;7 years) colonic IBD who underwent surveillance colonoscopy at Nottingham University Hospitals between September 2008 and February 2010 were extracted from the endoscopy database. Details of diagnosis, duration of disease and outcomes of the colonoscopy were then collected from the electronic patient records and patient notes. The colonoscopies were done at 2 sites, of which one had only HD systems and the other SD. SPSS v17 was used for the data analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 360 colonoscopies were done on 353 patients. There were 162 colonoscopies (102 UC and 60 CD) in the SD group and 208 colonoscopies (146 UC and 62 CD), in the HD group. The groups were well matched for mean age of patients, duration of disease, gender and number of biopsies taken. Table 1 gives information on the number and characterisation of dysplastic lesions detected. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HD colonoscopy is superior to SD colonoscopy in targeted detection of dysplastic lesions during surveillance colonoscopy of patients with colonic IBD in routine clinical practice. HD colonoscopy could facilitate endoscopic resection in these patients. Randomised controlled studies are required to confirm these findings.
Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of bile salts (BS) in physiological fluids L. Coward, M. Kirk &amp; J.M. Crawford. Dept. Pharmacol., UAB, Birmingham, AL 35294 and Dept. Pathology, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

F18 (10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide), an analog of (+)-Calanolide A, is a novel small-molecule nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the therapy of human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) infection. M3, the most abundant primary metabolite of F18 in human liver microsomes (HLMs) and rat liver microsomes (RLMs), is mainly excreted in bile as a glucuronide conjugate in rats after oral administration. The aim of this study was to identify the UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms involved in the glucuronidation of M3 by HLMs and recombinant human UGTs and investigate the metabolic interactions of M3 with the substrates of UGTs in HLMs. As a result, UGT1A1 was the major isozyme responsible for the glucuronidation of M3, followed by UGT1A4, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. M3 exhibited significant inhibition against UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 in both HLMs and recombinant human UGTs. In addition, M3 inhibited UGT1A9 catalyzed mycophenolic acid (MPA) glucuronidation with Ki of 0.39 μM, and M3 also inhibited the glucuronidation of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) by a “mixed-type” mechanism with Ki of 16.8 μM. The results suggest that UGT1A1 provides the major contribution to M3 glucuronidation in vitro and M3 has the potential to interact with xenobiotics and endogenous chemicals that are UGT1A9 and UGT 2B7 substrates.
GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE BRAIN.
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proteinuria
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The presence of protein in the urine was detected by Frederick Dekkers of Leyden in 1694, found in dropsical patients by Cotugno in 1764, and related to renal disease by Richard Bright in 1827. It remains to this day the most important and often the most sensitive sign of renal disease. Most healthy subjects excrete less than 100 mg of protein per 24 hours, but less rigid criteria are employed in clinical practice. In the present state of knowledge, quantities less than 250 mg/24 hr are best regarded as normal for employment and insurance purposes. Excretion of protein in excess of 300 mg/24 hr, unless associated with transient physiological or pathological states, is indicative of kidney disease.<sup>1</sup>The converse however does not always hold true; disorders such as renal artery stenosis, pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy and, at times, glomerulonephritis may occur in the absence of proteinuria. Intermittent or orthostatic proteinuria
Granulosa Cell-Specific Androgen Receptors Are Critical Regulators of Ovarian Development and Function
Authors: Aritro Sen, Stephen R. Hammes
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

The physiological significance of androgens in female reproduction was unclear until female mice with global knockout of androgen receptor (AR) expression were found to have reduced fertility with abnormal ovarian function. However, because ARs are expressed in a myriad of reproductive tissues, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, and various ovarian cells, the role of tissue-specific ARs in regulating female fertility remained unknown. To examine the importance of ovarian ARs in female reproduction, we generated granulosa cell (GC)- and oocyte-specific AR-knockout (ARKO) mice by crossing AR-flox mice with MisRIIcre (GC-specific) or growth differentiation factor 9cre (oocyte-specific) mice. Relative to heterozygous and wild-type mice, GC-specific ARKO mice had premature ovarian failure and were subfertile, with longer estrous cycles and fewer ovulated oocytes. In addition, ovaries from GC-specific knockout mice contained more preantral and atretic follicles, with fewer antral follicles and corpus lutea. Finally, in vitro growth of follicles from GC-specific AR-null mice was slower than follicles from wild-type animals. In contrast to GC-specific AR-null mice, fertility, estrous cycles, and ovarian morphology of oocyte-specific ARKO mice were normal, although androgens no longer promoted oocyte maturation in these animals. Together, our data indicate that nearly all reproductive phenotypes observed in global ARKO mice can be explained by the lack of AR expression in GCs. These GC-specific ARs appear to promote preantral follicle growth and prevent follicular atresia; thus they are essential for normal follicular development and fertility.
Renal Disease
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One can easily imagine the instructions given by Dr. Black to his several authors. "Write a state of the art essay for me on the following topic. Do not be afraid to use humor and wit. Do not be reluctant to appear literate." Most of his contributors have complied with these instructions. What has emerged is a large volume, physically resembling a textbook, but in reality comprising an excellent series of brief essays. Some of the topics are relatively new to hardcover nephrological literature. For example, whole chapters on glomerular basement membrane and on therapeutic trials in renal disease are welcome newcomers. Portions of chapters dealing with pharmacodynamics, erythropoietin, and other topics are equally welcome. Robinson on "Principles of Renal Physiology," De Wardener on "Control of Sodium Reabsorption," and Kerr on "Acute Renal Failure" beautifully demonstrate the art of summarizing familiar material skillfully and gracefully. The editor himself appears in
Perforating Branches of the Middle Cerebral Artery
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progress in the surgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Initial experience of 90 patients
Authors: G. M. Lawrie
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Between 1981 and 1985, ninety patients were treated surgically for cardiac arrhythmias and have been followed for a mean interval of 21 months (range, one to 49 months). Follow-up is 100% complete. Fifty accessory pathways were divided in 35 patients (25 male and ten female; mean age, 35.2 years; range, 10 to 72 years), with no deaths. Five females, aged 10 to 35 years, were treated for focal atrial tachycardia, three for an atrial focus alone, and two with other arrhythmia procedures; four were cured and one was improved. Two patients (one man and one woman, both aged 33 years) had ablation of the atrioventricular node. Forty-one patients (32 male and nine female; average age, 56.9 years; range, 15 to 74 years) had ablation of ventricular tachycardia. Kent bundle division and focal atrial tachycardia ablation were also performed in two of these patients. More than 80% of patients had coronary disease. Mean preoperative ejection fraction was 33.9% with a range of 14% to 65%. Aneurysmectomy, endocardial resection, cryoablation, and coronary artery bypass were the procedures used. The perioperative mortality rate was 9.8% but there were no deaths in the last 23 patients. Ventricular tachycardia was abolished in all but three survivors in whom medical treatment is now effective. The automatic implantable defibrillator was implanted in 11 patients, with no surgical deaths. These results confirm the feasibility of relieving a variety of serious arrhythmias by surgical intervention. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1464-1468)
The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Insurance Law
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Penicillium granuloma of the lung presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule
Authors: G. A. Liebler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PENICILLIUM infections are seldom of clinical importance, but there have been reports in the literature of<i>Penicillium</i>infections of the ear, feet, urinary bladder, and lung.<sup>1</sup><i>Penicillium</i>is classified under the class Ascomycetes, with the best known form being<i>Penicillium notatum</i>, from which penicillin is obtained. We report a pure<i>Penicillium</i>infection of the lung that presented as a coin lesion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung. The patient was entirely asymptomatic, and the lesion was found on routine chest roentgenogram (Figure). He gave a history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for 20 years. He was employed as a machine operator for a rail-road. Serial roentgenograms taken over a two-month period showed no change in the size of the lesion. No calcium was noted
TCT-236 Four-Year Outcomes Following Implantation of the Promus Element ® Platinum Chromium Everolimus-Eluting Stent in De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions in Small Vessels and Long Lesions: Results of the PLATINUM Small Vessel and Long Lesion Trials
Authors: Paul Teirstein, Gregg W. Stone, Ian T. Meredith, Robert J. Whitbourn, Thomas F. McGarry, Seif El-Jack, Maurice Buchbinder, Jeffrey W. Moses, Dominic J. Allocco, Keith D. Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hepatic cholesterol 7?-hydroxylase (CH 7?-OHase) activity correlates with hepatic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) synthesis in the guinea pig (GP) Dept. of Medicine, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ &amp; UMD-NJ Medical School, Newark, NJ
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of puerarin on hepatic oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in rats exposed to lead. Our data showed that puerarin significantly prevented lead-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum aminotransferase levels) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, lead-induced profound elevation of ROS production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing of lipid peroxidation level, reducing of GPx, GST, GR and GCL activities and depleting of intracellular reduced GSH level in liver, were suppressed by treatment with puerarin. Furthermore, the increase of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL induced by lead was effectively suppressed by puerarin. The HDL level in the lead treatment rats was also increased by puerarin. Western blot analysis showed that puerarin remarkably inhibited hyperlipidemia by regulating the expression of cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) in liver of lead treated rats. Altogether, these results suggest that puerarin could protect the lead-induced liver injury and hyperlipidemia by reducing ROS production, renewing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and influencing expression of hepatic lipid biosynthesis and metabolism genes.
Spontaneous necrotizing fasciitis. Occurrence secondary to occult diverticulitis
Authors: D. L. Galbut
Journal: JAMA (1977)

NECROTIZING fasciitis is an uncommon but severe clinical infection. It was reported in the literature more than 100 years ago as "hospital gangrene."<sup>1</sup> Necrotizing fasciitis is the preferred nomenclature because the essential characteristic is superficial or deep fascial necrosis, with extensive undermining of surrounding tissue.<sup>2,3</sup> Necrotizing fasciitis is most frequently found in lower extremities. It is also found in the upper extremities and in the abdomen.<sup>2,3</sup>Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremity is usually caused by external injury, which may be so minor as to go unnoticed by the person. Abdominal-wall necrotizing fasciitis is generally a postoperative complication.<sup>2,3</sup>Occult diverticulitis has been found, in rare instances, with lower-extremity necrotizing fasciitis.<sup>4</sup>To our knowledge, spontaneous abdominal-wall necrotizing fasciitis secondary to occult diverticulitis has not been reported in the English literature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 71-year-old woman was admitted to Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in August 1976 with
La rougeole, epidémiologie, immunologie, prophylaxie.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatry: Rehabilitation
Authors: Vernon P. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

CURRENT psychiatric literature continues to be composed, in great part, of papers dealing with the psychiatric casualties of war. It is now well established that the earlier treatment is begun the better are the chances for recovery. Of course the same principle applies, and always has applied, to the psychiatric illnesses of peacetime living. So much has been written, both in scientific journals and in the popular press, about war nerves, combat fatigue or psychoneurosis that not only the public but psychiatrists themselves may have lost a well balanced perspective on this subject. Also popular alarm has been augmented by . . .
NIEHS director receives inaugural NAPE Award.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Americans from five ethnic groups-Asian American, African American, Hispanic, Caucasian, and Native American-in order to learn what the allelic variations and frequencies of these "environmental disease" genes are in the U.S. population overall and within ethnic groups.Exons and regulatory regions of these genes from different age groups will also be sequenced to study genetic variability."Getting the proper informed consent is important," Taylor adds, "because this group of samples will become a national resource for future studies."
Editorial: Coroners and the public interest.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Coroners and the Public InterestCoroners' inquests have no advance billing in the press, so the first news of an inquiry into a death of medicolegal in- terest is usually an account in a local or national paper.In these circumstances it is impossible for doctors, journalists, and lawyers to get full information about the proceedings unless the coroner is prepared to supply copies of the deposi- tions (the statements given in evidence by the witnesses).Rule 39 of the Coroner's Rules 1953 provides' that the coroner must on application and on payment of the prescribed fee supply to any person who in his opinion is a properly interested person a copy of the depositions, any report of a necropsy, and notes of evidence.Requests by the B.M.J7.for this information have generally met with full co-operation from coroners, but a recent exception has given grounds for concern.Deaths under intravenous anaesthesia with methohexitone were discussed at length in the libel action2 brought by Mr. S. L. Drummond-Jackson against the B.M.J.At the trial
The Anatomy of Sleep; or, the Art of Procuring Sound and Refreshing Slumber at Will
Journal: BMJ (1842)

The Anatomy of Sleep is a notable example of how much can be made out of nothing by a little ingenuity.The aim of the work is to communicate the mode or art of procuring sound and refreshing sleep at will; and this, which is told at the end of the volume, does not take up more than one page and two lines.The remaining 503 pages, or, more properly speaking, the whole volume, with the exception of this page and few lines, is taken up with an olla podrida collection of facts and observations on life and its phenomena, death, sleep, drowsiness, trance, prema- ture interments, hybernation, capability of animal body enduring extremes of heat and cold, dreams, somnambulism, catalepsy, hal- lucination, monomania, fainting, asphyxia, syncope, suffocation, drowning, hanging, mesmerism, systems of organization, mental phenomena, sleeplessness, arterialization, narcotism, &c., in fact every thing which could be made to seem in any, even the most distant way, connected with the phenomena of sleep.No, we are wrong in saying every thing; for, in none of his illustrations of the nature of sleep, does Dr Binns take notice of the connec- tion between the stertor during sleep and the stertor during co- matose states; nowhere does he show the analogy between coma and sleep.Dr Binns's diligence in collecting facts and observa- tions on the above-mentioned subjects has been great, and the consequence has been a most amusing work, better fitted, how- ever, to advance the author's popularity as an amusing writer than his reputation as a man of science.Dr Binns, in fact, can have no pretensions to the character of a philosophic writer, for he has neither advanced our knowledge of what sleep is, nor has he even nerves from ganglia undergo constant alternations of excitement