tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Solid Discharges from Coal Usage in the Southwest
Authors: D. G. Jones, I. R. Straughan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The Southwestern region of the United States is extremely wealthy in low sulfur coal resources which must be eventually utilized in response to national energy balance priorities. Fly ash and scrubber sludge can be safely disposed of using properly managed techniques to ensure that any potential impact from elements such as boron, molybdenum, or selenium is rendered insignificant. Alternative methods of solids utilization are presently being developed. Fly ash is presently being marketed commercially as an additive for concrete manufacture. Successful experiments have been completed to demonstrate the manufacture of commercial-grade wallboard from scrubber sludge. Also, greenhouse studies and field experiments have been conducted to demonstrate increased yields of selected crops grown on typical soils amended with fly ash in amounts ranging from 2% to 8%, by weight. These studies also indicate that barium and strontium may be good monitoring indices for determining atmospheric deposition of fly ash, due to their concentration ratios in soil and vegetation samples. Further studies are being conducted to confirm encouraging irrigation and crop-yield data obtained with fly ash amended soils. Finally, the composition of many fly ashes and soils are similar in the Southwest, and there are no anticipated solid discharges from coal usage which cannot be rendered insignificant with proper management of existing and emerging methods of treatment. Compared with the water availability impact of coal usage in the Southwest, the impact of solid waste discharges are insignificant.
The Meeting
Authors: Charles McMahon
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Severely addicted heroin users benefit from heroin maintenance programme
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Severely addicted heroin users benefit from heroin maintenance programmeHeroin maintenance is a controversial approach to the rehabilitation of opiate addicts.Researchers from Geneva randomised 51 severely addicted subjects to either immediate or delayed entry into a heroin maintenance programme (controls were given other treatments, mostly methadone maintenance) (p 13).Most experimental patients completed 6 months in the programme, taking about 0.5 g heroin a day intravenously.At follow up the experimental group reported better mental health and social functioning, less crime, and a sharp reduction in consumption of street heroin.But they fared no better than controls in work, commercial sex, and use of street drugs other than opiates.Surprisingly, only a minority of control subjects wanted to enter the heroin maintenance programme at the end of the study.The authors conclude that heroin maintenance is effective as a second line treatment for opiate addiction.
Corruption among doctors?
Journal: BMJ (1983)

expiratory flow rate measurements, there is no doubt that the commonest deficiency in the management of asthma in general practice is the failure to use objective means to estimate severity of airflow obstruction and its responsiveness to different classes of anti- asthmatic drugs.This applies to patients of all ages, for, as Dr C K Connolly has pointed out (27 May, p 1745), underdiagnosis and undertreatment are equally common in adults.We hope that our findings may convince all general practitioners that measurement of peak expiratory flow is a mandatory part of the assessment, treatment, and follow up of every patient with a history of wheeze.While it is possible that an extension of open access to hospitals might achieve a reduction in mortality, improvement in the long term care of asthma and a reduction in the number of patients in whom it remains undiagnosed will come about only when rational principles of assessment and treatment are applied much more widely in general practice.
Changements de système de notation des formulaires Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) et impact sur l’évaluation des compétences
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Introduction: Le formulaire d’observation directe d’habileté procédurale (Direct Observation of Procedural Skills – DOPS – ) est un outil d’évaluation des compétences en endoscopie développé au Royaume-Uni et rempli par un sénior formateur en observant ses élèves en cours de formation réaliser une endoscopie. Il permet de monitorer les progrès réalisés et de valider l’acquisition d’autonomie complète dans la réalisation d’une endoscopie.
Chymopapain
Authors: L. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment (DATTA) report, published in<i>JAMA</i>, August 18, 1989,<sup>1</sup>concluded that chemonucleolysis was neither safe nor effective. This conclusion was based on certain inaccuracies and significant omissions. The DATTA statement notes that, "Chemonucleolysis is not safe if there is nuclear material extruding from the disk." However, animal studies have demonstrated that epidural chymopapain is not harmful at doses of up to 100 times the therapeutic level. Experience in humans verifies this fact.<sup>2-5</sup> Though the DATTA statement maintains that "current imaging techniques are not infallible and cannot differentiate a protrusion from an extrusion," I believe that the newer magnetic resonance imaging equipment is able to differentiate these diagnoses, as are discograms. The DATTA report states, "Even small intrathecal leaks of chymopapain have a potential for damage to the central nervous system." Chymopapain will cause bleeding from the capillaries of the pia-arachnoid,
Immunization program for adults
Authors: J. W. Hickman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

INTERNISTS are good at such things as performing detailed physical examinations and solving complex diagnostic problems, but often they are not so good when it comes to providing an immunization program for their patients. Pediatricians, on the other hand, usually are very good at providing and documenting a complete immunization program for their patients. The discrepancy between these practices is most noticeable when the medical care of a young adult is switched from a pediatrician to an internist. If the person has been under the care of a family practitioner (ie, general practitioner), a change of physician may not be needed, but for many young people, such a change occurs when they go away to college. The practice of most internists is basically illness-oriented; recent interest voiced in preventive medicine has not changed this to any large extent. There have been statements recently that the internist is a "primary care
Overall survival (OS) analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a poxviral-based PSA targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Authors: P. W. Kantoff, T. Schuetz, B. A. Blumenstein, M. M. Glode, D. Bilhartz, J. Gulley, J. Schlom, R. Laus, W. Godfrey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5013 Background: Therapeutic poxviral vaccines for prostate cancer are safe with preliminary evidence of clinical benefit in phase I/II studies. PROSTVAC-VF (PV) comprises 2 recombinant viral vectors (Vaccinia and Fowlpox), each encoding transgenes for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and 3 immune costimulatory molecules (B7.1, ICAM-1, and LFA3: TRICOM). PV is administered subcutaneously in a heterologous prime-boost regimen with concurrent low-dose GM-CSF. Methods: 122 patients (pts) were treated in a multi-center, double-blind, RCT of a vaccination series. Pts were randomized 2:1 to PV + GM-CSF vs. placebo empty vector + control saline injections (C). Vaccinia-based vector was used for priming followed by 6 planned Fowlpox-based vector boosts. The trial completed enrollment in July 2005. Eligible pts had metastatic disease, a rising PSA despite castrate testosterone levels, and a Gleason score of ≤7. Pts with a history of prior chemotherapy use, visceral metastasis, or narcotic use were excluded. The 1º endpoint was progression free survival (PFS), with progression defined as 2 new lesions on bone scan or RECIST-defined progression. Vaccination was discontinued after progression. Results: 82 pts received PV and 40 received C. Pt characteristics were similar (means): age (72PV/76C), PSA (134PV/188C), Alk-Phos (142PV/159C), LDH (207PV/218C), Hgb (13PV/13C), and number bone metastatic sites (5.3PV/6.5C). Mean number of vaccinations was 5.4 PV and 5.3 C. PFS was similar in the 2 groups (p = 0.56). However, at 3 years post study, PV patients had a better overall survival than C patients (25 alive, 30%, PV, versus 7 alive, 17%, C) and a longer median survival (24.5 months PV, versus 16 months C); estimated hazard ratio 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9); stratified log rank p = 0.016. Conclusions: In a RCT, PV immunotherapy was associated with an 8.5 month improvement in median OS in men with mCRPC. These data provide evidence of prolonged anti-tumor activity, but need to be confirmed in a larger phase III study. [Table: see text]
CD4+ T cells specific to a glomerular basement membrane antigen mediate glomerulonephritis
Authors: Jean Wu, John Hicks, Jason Borillo, William F. Glass, Ya-Huan Lou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Ab-mediated mechanisms have been considered the major causes of glomerulonephritis (GN). However, recent studies suggest that T cells may be more important in mediating GN. To investigate the effects of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, we generated Th1 cell lines specific for this antigen from rats that had been immunized with a recombinant form of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen, Col4α3NC1. Upon the transfer of in vitro–activated T cell lines to pertussis toxin-primed, naive syngeneic rats, the recipients developed severe proteinuria/albuminuria, which plateaued after ∼35 days. Although no IgG binding to GBM or C3 deposition could be detected by immunofluorescence, five out of eleven rats exhibited severe GN, as judged by the formation of characteristic crescent-shaped lesions in the glomerluli, whereas the others exhibited modest GN. Thus Col4α3NC1-specific T cells directly initiated glomerular injury in the recipients. One notable difference from GN induced by active immunization was a T cell infiltration in the renal interstitium, which affected some tubules. We therefore injected fluorescence-labeled Col4α3NC1-specific into naive rats, and we found that they were enriched 4.5-fold in the kidney cortex relative to nonspecific control T cells 24 hours later. Many of the T cells were located in the Bowman's space and had a flattened shape, suggesting that the primary target for the T cells was in or adjacent to the Bowman's capsule.
Answer
Authors: Y Yokota
Journal: Gut (2004)

Background: Id2, an inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, regulates cell differentiation.Id2 2/2 mice exhibit a variety of phenotypes in the immune system.Aims: In this study we investigated whether Id2 plays a role in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), which constitute the main defence against pathogens in the intestinal tract.Methods: Flow cytometry and bone marrow transplantation were used to analyse and characterise subsets of IELs of Id2 2/2 mice.Gene expression was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Intestinal barrier function was evaluated by treating mice with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Results: Among the four members of the Id gene family, Id2 was selectively expressed in all T cell subsets in the small intestinal IELs.Id2 2/2 mice showed alteration in the proportions of T cell subsets and a substantial reduction in the number of IELs, especially those of the CD4 + and CD8ab + T cell subsets, indicating a more pronounced effect on thymus derived IELs.Expression of a E integrin was reduced in CD4 + and CD8ab + T cell subsets in IELs of Id2 2/2 mice.IELs isolated from C57BL/6 mice reconstituted with Id2 2/2 bone marrow cells showed a similar phenotype to that of Id2 2/2 mice, indicating that the defects are intrinsic to bone marrow derived cells.Expression of genes encoding intestinal epithelial cell derived cytokines was reduced in Id2 2/2 mice.The 5-FU treatment revealed impaired intestinal barrier function of Id2 2/2 mice.Conclusions: The Id2 gene is essential for constituting the intestinal mucosal barrier, particularly with respect to IELs.Id2 null mutant mice may provide a good experimental model for studying the ontogeny of IELs and intestinal inflammation and infection.. . . . . . .
POS1326 FAMILIAL PERIODIC FEVER, APHTHOUS STOMATITIS, PHARYNGITIS AND ADENITIS (PFAPA)SYNDROME; IS IT A SEPARATE DISEASE?
Authors: Y. Butbul
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2021)

Background: Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) is the most common periodic fever syndrome in the pediatric population. Unlike other periodic fever syndromes, the pathogenesis and genetics of PFAPA is unknown. Until recently, PFAPA was believed to be a sporadic disease, yet family clustering has been widely observed and current research indicates that heredity is likely. Objectives: To identify demographic and clinical differences between patients with PFAPA who have a positive family history (FH+) compared to those with PFAPA with no family history (FH-) that can reveal if heritable and sporadic subtypes of this disorder exist. Methods: In a database comprising demographic and clinical data of 273 pediatric PFAPA patients treated at two tertiary centers in Israel, 31(14.3%) of patients were PFAPA FH+. Data from patients with FH+ for PFAPA was compared to data from those with FH- of the disorder. Furthermore, family members (FMs) of those with FH+ were contacted via telephone for more demography and clinical details. Results: FH+ group had more headaches (32% vs.2%; p= 0.016), myalgia (56% vs. 19%; p= 0.001), higher carrier frequency of M694V mutation (54% vs. 25%; p=0.053), greater family history of FMF (30% vs. 15%; p=0.096) and better outcomes with colchicine (82% vs. 52%; p=0.096) compared to those with FH-. FMs displayed almost identical characteristics to the FH+ group except for greater arthralgia during flares (64% vs. 23%; p=0.008) and compared to the FH- group, more oral aphthae (68% vs. 43%; p=0.002), myalgia/arthralgia (64% vs. 19%/16%; p&lt;0.0001), and higher rates of FH of FMF (45% vs.15%; p=0.003). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that FH+ had probably different subset of disease with higher frequency of family history of FMF arthralgia, myalgia and better response to colchicine. Colchicine prophylaxis for PFAPA should be considered in FH+. Disclosure of Interests: None declared
A Cautionary Note to Those Concerned With Circulating Cancer Cells in the Blood
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article A Cautionary Note to Those Concerned With Circulating Cancer Cells in the Blood Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 5, November 1962, Pages 1023–1024, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.5.1023 Published: 01 November 1962
Treatment of Diseases of the Digestive System.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Economics
Authors: Nathan Sinai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE title of this lecture is actually the inclusive title of the entire series. The series can serve only to provide a superficial view of the issues involved. If out of this view there emerges a continuing and critical analysis, the series will have had high value. If, on the other hand, the series ends with final decisions on the part of the audience, it must be concluded either that these decisions were brought to the meetings or that the speakers were highly persuasive.In arriving at conclusions, there is an acute need throughout the country for the tested device . . .
Experience with foreign student educational externship in the United States
Authors: E. F. Lutterbeck
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In 1962, the German Medical Society of Chicago, an association of German-speaking physicians which was founded in 1897,<sup>1</sup>started a program to place qualified Austrian, German, and Swiss junior and senior medical students to serve educational externships in the United States.<sup>2</sup>We began with one student from Germany in 1962. The program expanded from year to year, and in 1968, 155 medical students from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland spent two to three months as externs in those hospitals which had the approval of the American Medical Association to train interns, residents, or both. Our Educational Foundation conducted a survey to evaluate the program. Eighty-two percent (57 out of 65) of the Directors of Medical Education of the participating hospitals replied (Table 1), and 45% (70) of the 155 students (Table 2). <h3>Evaluation of the Program</h3><h3>Hospitals.—</h3> During 1968, 65 hospitals in 46 cities and 26 states participated in
Binge Eating Disorder: A Stable Syndrome
Authors: Harrison Pope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study assessed the stability of binge eating disorder in a community sample. Method: The authors interviewed 888 first-degree relatives of 300 overweight or obese probands (150 with binge eating disorder and 150 with no lifetime eating disorder) who were recruited during a family study. They compared the total duration of illness among relatives with lifetime diagnoses of binge eating disorder (N=131), bulimia nervosa (N=17), and anorexia nervosa (N=18). Results: The mean lifetime duration of binge eating disorder was 14.4 years (SD=13.9), significantly longer than for either bulimia nervosa (mean=5.8 years, SD=9.1) or anorexia nervosa (mean=5.9 years, SD=7.4). These differences changed little when analysis was restricted to female relatives or to relatives of the probands with no lifetime eating disorder. Conclusions: These findings suggest that binge eating disorder is at least as chronic as the well-validated disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and likely represents a stable syndrome.
Castration by neglect.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Since isoprenaline resistance can be induced by pretreatment with isoprenaline or other /8-adrenoceptor stimulants cross-resistance between them may occur.This would explain the rise in asthma deaths, because asthmatics rely greatly on their adrenergic drive to maintain bronchodilatation.The authors" argue that prolonged /8-adrenoceptor stimulation may cause resistance both to exogenous sympathomimetic agents and to the natural transmitter released by adrenergic nerves.If this is so asthmatic patients might deteriorate after the prolonged use of a drug that initially had helped them.Some evidence even suggested that the selective long-acting agents such as isoetharine, salbutamol, and terbutaline were more potent in producing resistance than isoprenaline itself.These compounds, which are also active orally, might therefore be as dangerous to asthmatics as isoprenaline, or possibly even more so.
How one hospital allays children's fears of surgery
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Many hospitals these days have instituted programs to make surgery less anxiety-provoking for children. A typical one is at Primary Children's Medical Center in Salt Lake City. A lemonade party is held every Friday afternoon. All children scheduled for surgery the following week are invited to come with their parents and brothers and sisters. They dress up as physicians and nurses, listen to each other's hearts with stethoscopes, don identification bracelets, and generally become acquainted with some of the strange hospital equipment. A tour is conducted through the radiology department and the pediatric intensive care unit, and members of the anesthesiology staff familiarize the children with the anesthetic machine and mask. Nurses are available to answer parents' and children's questions. A main feature at the party (in addition to lemonade and cookies) is a staff-produced film depicting the entire sequence of events a child undergoing surgery will experience. Titled "Peppermint
QUANTIFICATION OF ROTATIONAL THALLIUM-201 MYOCARDIAL TOMOGRAMS: METHOD AND PRELIMINARY VALIDATION.
Authors: Ken Van Train, Ernest Garcia, Jamshid Maddahi, Joseph Areeda, John Friedman, James Bietendorf, Alan Waxman, Daniel Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Van Train, Ken; Garcia, Ernest; Maddahi, Jamshid; Areeda, Joseph; Friedman, John; Bietendorf, James; Waxman, Alan; Berman, Daniel Author Information
THE PROPOSED EXTINCTION OF TUBERCULOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal