tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth and bone-age retardation in cystic fibrosis. Response to an anabolic steroid
Authors: J. L. Dennis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Children with cystic fibrosis respond to anabolic steroids with increments in height and weight; a regression of clubbing and cyanosis of digits; increased muscle tone, physical tolerance, and cheerfulness; enlargement of the phallus; and advances in skeletal maturation. In contrast to normal children who have been given anabolic steroids, the height gain in children with cystic fibrosis was relatively greater than the weight gain; increments in bone age were slightly greater than either. The degree of bone-age deficit present appears to correlate with the severity of the disease, hence patients with severe disease can be treated with steroids for longer periods of time than those who have minimal involvement. Anabolic steroids did not alter sweat chloride patterns. Anabolic steroid therapy for cystic fibrosis must be considered palliative, temporary, and still somewhat experimental. Only prolonged studies of a longitudinal nature can determine whether such therapy will affect the ultimate stature of these patients.
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1906)

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Errata
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

In “Cultivation of Cells From a Fibroma in a Rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus,” by Henry C. Orr et al., published in volume 48, January 1972, issue of the Journal, on page 260, second column, 4th paragraph, the first sentence should read: “Karyotypes of more than 300 cells in mitosis were examined at the eighth passage, and 16 and 20 macro- and micro-chromosomes, respectively, were found.”
Decline in Cigarette Consumption Following Implementation of a Comprehensive Tobacco Prevention and Education Program—Oregon, 1996-1998
Journal: JAMA (1999)

In November 1996, residents of Oregon approved a ballot measure increasing the cigarette tax by 30 cents (to 68 cents per pack). The measure stipulated that 10% of the additional tax revenue be allocated to the Oregon Health Division (OHD) to develop and implement a tobacco-use prevention program. In 1997, OHD created Oregon's Tobacco Prevention and Education Program (TPEP), a comprehensive, community-based program modeled on the successful tobacco-use prevention programs in California and Massachusetts. To assess the effects of the tax increase and TPEP in Oregon, OHD evaluated data on the number of packs of cigarettes taxed before (1993-1996) and after (1997-1998) the ballot initiative and implementation of the program. Oregon's results also were compared with national data. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that consumption of cigarettes in Oregon declined substantially after implementation of the excise tax and TPEP and exceeded the national rate of decline.
PRACTICAL DERMATOLOGY
Authors: J. T. Ingram
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Thus, although he states that artificial or invented dreams can be interpreted as if they were real ones (because uncon- scious forces go into the selection of the content), later on he is worried about the unreliability of the free associations of many patients because they are influenced by reading psycho-analytic literature.Thirdly, the author tries to cater for students much too diverse in their backgrounds.The glossary, for example, includes the following: "Haemor- rhage: Bleeding; Typical: Pertaining to a type, an example, or a characteristic."In short, for the elementary student, as for the experienced psychotherapist, there is not much here that is not to be found in the classical texts.
PTH-101 Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated With The Development Of Pancreatic Cancer – Data From A Uk Prospective Study (epic) Using 7-day Food Diaries
Authors: P Banim, R Luben, K-T Khaw, N Wareham, A Hart
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> An increased dietary intake of saturated fatty acids could promote pancreatic carcinogenesis through increasing insulin resistance. Our aim was to investigate this association for the first time using nutrient information measured by food diaries in a cohort study. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 23,658 men and women aged 40–74 years recruited between 1993–1997 into the EPIC-Norfolk study, UK, completed 7-day food diaries which recorded all foods, brands, recipes and portion sizes eaten. The diaries were interpreted by nutritionists using a computer programme which converted participant recorded text into nutrient values of: total saturated fatty acids intake, palmitic and stearic acids. The cohort was monitored until June 2010 to identify those participants who developed incident pancreatic cancer, confirmed by a review of medical notes. The HRs of developing cancer were estimated across quintiles of intake using Cox regression, adjusted for total energy intake and oleic acid intake, the latter which increases insulin sensitivity. <h3>Results</h3> During 17 years of follow-up, 88 participants were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (55% women, median age at diagnosis = 73.4 years, range 52.1–88.8 years). There were no associations with either total or individual saturated fatty acids in the whole cohort or in women. However, in men, increasing quintiles of dietary saturated fat acids were positively associated with risk (highest vs. lowest quintile HR = 9.68, 95% CI: 1.72–54.54, P = 0.01) with a trend across quintiles (Trend HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.17–2.64). There were similar associations for palmitic acid (trend HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.41.3.71) and stearic acid (trend HR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.00–2.30). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data support an aetiological role of dietary saturated fatty acids in pancreatic cancer in men, due to the large effect sizes, dose-responses, temporality and plausible biological mechanisms. These macronutrients should be measured in future aetiological studies and the reasons for differences between genders investigated. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
<i>QuickStats</i>: Percentage* of Currently Employed<sup>†</sup> Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Received Influenza Vaccine in the Past 12 Months,<sup>§</sup> by Employment Category<sup>¶</sup> — National Health Interview Survey,** United States, 2012 and 2016
Authors: Abay Asfaw, Rene Pana-Cryan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

From 2012 to 2016, the percentage of employed adults who had received an influenza vaccine in the past 12 months increased overall (32.4% versus 37.0%), among government employees (42.0% versus 45.6%), and private-sector employees (31.1% versus 36.0%), but there was no significant increase among the self-employed (26.5% versus 29.8%). In both years, a higher percentage of government employees had received an influenza vaccine compared with private-sector employees, who had higher percentages than the self-employed.
Pulmonary edema associated with propoxyphene intoxication
Authors: L. J. Bogartz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In three consecutive cases of severe, rapid intoxication with propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon), pulmonary edema was present and represented the major problem in clinical management or the significant pathological finding at postmortem examination. This suggests that pulmonary edema plays an important role in the natural history of such intoxications. It is necessary that physicians be aware of this complication, for intensive pulmonary resuscitation may salvage patients with otherwise lethal ingestions.
European Perspectives
Journal: Circulation (2011)

says, "Two innovations were really crucial in shaping my career: the development of the mitral commissurotomy device and, of course, the odyssey of the transcatheter aortic valve. 1,2I was strongly involved in the research programme, did important experimental work myself, and was at Professor Cribier's side for the first human transcatheter aortic valve implantation case, and, with him or alone for subsequent implantations, I wrote a number of articles and gave numerous conferences worldwide at each step of the development.This definitely built my career.
Surrogacy analysis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline for improved overall survival (OS) with enzalutamide (ENZ) in AFFIRM.
Authors: Andrew J. Armstrong, Fred Saad, Neal D. Shore, Karim Fizazi, De Phung, Carl Dmuchowski, Mohammad Hirmand, David Forer, Howard I. Scher, Johann S. De Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

5062 Background: In AFFIRM, ENZ significantly increased OS in post-chemotherapy men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer vs. placebo and significantly decreased PSA levels. However, potential for PSA decline to function as a surrogate for OS has not been established. Methods: In a post-hoc analysis,men in AFFIRM were grouped by maximal unconfirmed PSA decline in the first 90 days of treatment. Each PSA decline criterion was assessed for surrogacy for OS by the proportion of treatment effect (PTE) explained and Prentice criteria. We also assessed the association of PSA decline with OS, progression-free survival (PFS), and pain response. Results: ENZ improved OS (hazard ratio 0.63; p<0.001) and had higher rates of unconfirmed PSA declines vs. placebo (odds ratio >19.0; p<0.001). Greater declines in PSA were associated with longer OS, PSA PFS, radiographic PFS (rPFS), and higher pain response when compared with PSA increase/no decline (Table). Any, ≥30%, and ≥50% declines in PSA resulted in PTE range 1.07–1.29 (95% CI lower bounds ≥0.63 and ≥0.55 for unconfirmed and confirmed PSA decline, respectively), in which treatment was no longer significant after adjustment for the decline measures (p>0.20). Few PSA declines were observed with placebo; thus, full surrogate equivalency of PSA decline on OS could not be established. Conclusions: PSA decline with ENZ was associated with greater OS, rPFS, PSA PFS, and pain response. Any, ≥30%, and ≥50% declines in PSA within the first 90 days of treatment fulfilled Prentice surrogacy criteria 1–3. Prentice 4 was not met; however, PSA decline explained a substantial amount of the effect of ENZ on survival. Clinical trial information: NCT00974311.Greatest confirmed PSA decline from baseline,* n 12-month OS, % Median PFS, months (95% CI) Median rPFS, months (95% CI) Pain response,† % Increase/no decline, 349 53 4.6 (4.6, 4.6) 5.5 (5.3, 5.6) 32 ≥30%, 285 96 11.1 (11.0, 13.8) 16.1 (13.8, 16.6) 52 ≥50%, 245 97 11.1 (11.1, 14.0) 16.5 (13.8, 18.1) 51 ≥90%, 100 98 NYR (13.8, NYR) NYR (16.1, NYR) 63 Any PSA decline, 319 96 11.1 (8.9, 11.1) 13.9 (13.6, 16.5) 50 *Within first 90 days of treatment; †≥2-point reduction in worst pain score in men with ≥4 pain at baseline. NYR, not yet reached.
Expression of HLA class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: K Kurokohchi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The expression of the HLA class I molecules on the cell surface was investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) and flow cytometric analysis. Although HLA-A antigens were detected by CMC in all cell lines tested, HLA-B and -C antigens were not detectable in six of seven HCC cell lines. These results were also confirmed by flow cytometric analysis focusing on HLA-Bw4 and Bw6 public antigens. Furthermore, complementary DNA (cDNA) from each cell line was tested for the expression of HLA-A, - B, -C and the transporter associated with antigen processing genes (TAP1 and TAP2). Two cell lines showed a reduced level of one or both of the TAP messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and one of these showed a reduction of HLA-B and -C gene expression as well, but the others had detectable mRNA levels. These results demonstrate that hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines tested in the current study lose or decrease the expression of HLA-B and -C alleles on the cell surface, even though mRNA encoding these alleles is present, suggesting that the loss of the HLA molecules might be caused by posttranscriptional events or failure to transport and load peptides necessary for HLA expression. The selective loss of HLA-B and -C, but not -A, molecules (which also excludes a β2-microglobulin defect) is intriguing, and may be attributable to the ability of some of the HLA-A molecules to load signal peptides not requiring TAP transport, or to natural selection of HLA-B or -C locus- specific immune surveillance.
Tuberculous Pericarditis
Authors: N O Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Tuberculosis is responsible for approximately 4% of cases of acute pericarditis, 7% of cases of cardiac tamponade, and, in older studies, 6% of instances of constrictive pericarditis. However, in some nonindustrialized countries, tuberculosis is a leading cause of pericarditis. The diagnosis is based on demonstration of tubercle bacilli in pericardial fluid or on histologic section of the pericardium, or proof of tuberculosis elsewhere in a patient with otherwise unexplained pericarditis. Treatment consists of triple drug therapy for at least 9 months (isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin or ethambutol). Pyrazinamide can be used for the first 2 months, and the total therapeutic period can then be shortened to 6 months after culture conversion. Three months of corticosteroid therapy may be useful in patients in whom pericardial effusion persists or recurs despite the use of antituberculous drugs. Surgical resection of the pericardium is indicated for recurrent or life-threatening tamponade, or when there is persistent elevation of systemic venous pressure unrelieved by pericardiocentesis. As many as one third to one half of patients will eventually require pericardiectomy despite adequate drug therapy.
Curative-intent surgery for pancreatic tumors: A review of 3,386 procedures from the Brazilian Public Health System.
Authors: Lucas Vieira dos Santos, Joao Paulo Lima, Benjamin Haaland, Luciola De Barros Pontes, Rene Claudio Gansl, Gilberto Lopes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15237 Background: In Brazil, a country with major health access disparities, resource limitations make the management of pancreatic cancer (PC) challenging. We aimed to evaluate curative-intent surgical procedures for PC in the public health system. Methods: We collected data for curative-intent surgical procedures for PC in Brazil’s public health system (DATASUS) and demographic database (IBGE). Number of procedures, costs, length of stay, number of perioperative deaths and PC deaths were analyzed for each State and then correlated to population, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and number of procedures. Results: 37,142 patients died due to PC in Brazil between 2008 and 2012. Deaths (per 100,000 person-years) increased from North to South States. On multivariate analysis, number of procedures and GDP per capita had an independent association with mortality. Between January 2008 and July 2014, 3,386 procedures were performed, the majority (51.2%) in the Southeast region (São Paulo State, 32.7%). A total of 493 patients died, translating into an inpatient mortality rate of 14.55%, higher than observed in high-income countries. The Northern States had the highest mortality rates (mean 25%). There was no evidence suggesting that procedure mortality rate was associated with number of procedures, GDP per capita, or state population. The number of procedures per 100,000 residents was higher in the Southeast and South. Individually, cost tended to increase as number of procedures or population increased. On multivariate analysis, both number of procedures and population had an independent association with cost. For fixed GDP per capita and population, cost tended to increase as number of procedures increased, while for fixed number of procedures and GDP per capita, cost tended to decrease as population increased. The mean length of hospital stay was 16.9 days. Neither characteristic was associated to perioperative mortality. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate regional disparities in PC care in Brazil. The quality of PC care is low in the public health system, notably in the Northern States. Regionalized policies aiming the improvement of PC care are needed.
RESPONSE: Re: Colon Cancer Survival Rates With the New American Joint Committee on Cancer Sixth Edition Staging
Authors: Jessica B. O'Connell, Melinda A. Maggard, Clifford Y. Ko
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Stages II and III of the newly revised tumor-node-metastasis staging system for colon cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] Staging Manual sixth edition) differ from those in the fi fth edition ( 1 ) .In the sixth edition, stage II is subdivided into IIa (T3N0) and IIb (T4N0) and stage III is subdivided into IIIa (T1 -2N1M0), IIIb (T3 -4N1M0), and IIIc (anyTN2M0).This stratifi ed grouping was motivated by the large difference in survival between stage II and III patients noted in the analysis of the National Cancer Data Base registry by Greene et al. ( 2 ) and recognition that having a T4 tumor could have a greater impact on prognosis than regional lymph node involvement ( 3 ) .Recently, O'Connell et al. ( 4 ) reported survival of 119 363 colon cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and demonstrated that survival was worse for the subset of patients with stage IIb (T4N0M0) than for those with stage IIIa (T1 -2N1M0) tumors.The authors attributed this paradoxical survival difference to several potential factors: 1) preferential administration of chemotherapy for stage IIIa patients; 2) understaging of T4N1 tumors as T4N0, thereby resulting in migration of aggressive disease from stage IIIb to stage IIb; 3) greater likelihood of a curative en bloc surgical resection for stage IIIa; and 4) a relative disproportional increase of biologically more aggressive tumors in stage IIb.However, because the SEER
Indian Metropolitan Hospitals
Journal: BMJ (1899)

The inflated lungs showed clean perforations with botlh full and Iooo foot-seconds velocity, only in the former the en- trance track and exit were respectively I5, 15, and 20 mm., while in the latter they were smaller than the bullet.Mr. Beyer says of these experiments on crania and viscera:The high degree of explosive effect produced by the higlhest-velocity bullets becomes less as the velocity decreases, and ceases altogetber wlient the velocity has reached i,OOO feet per second.We may tlherefore conclude tllat the limit for the production of explosive effect on viscera by our bullet.. will probably be found to lie near a point corresponding to a distanoe of x,ooo yards from the muzzle of a gun fired with full charges of ammunition.
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, INC
Authors: J Butterworth
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

clinical interest sponsored by the Association's Council on Clinical Cardiology aud at concurrent special scientific sessions and programs sponsored by other AHA Councils.The program will also include a session with the American College of Cardiology which this year is conducting its Interim Meeting to coincide with the AHA Scientific Sessions.This will consist of a panel on "Cardiac Resuscitation" to be held jointly with the Council on Clinical Cardiology, on Sunday afternoon, October 25.Heart Association members will participate in the College's popular "Fireside Conferences," on Friday evening, October 23.
Planning for the several products of a medical school
Authors: L. M. Stowe
Journal: JAMA (1965)

I suspect that a poll would reveal a very wide range of anticipations of the contents of this paper. This is clearly due to the great variability of interpretations and relative emphases it is possible to give to the words "planning," "several," "products," and even "medical school." Mathematically speaking, a minimum of 41 papers could be given on this topic depending on such interpretations and emphases. I do not intend to treat you to all the possible variations on this theme; my point is that one can arrive easily in this oversimplified way to an instantaneous comprehension of the fact that planning for a new medical school is a complex task. Parenthetically, I would add that when the planning involves not only a medical school but as well its clinical teaching facility, an associated School of Dental Medicine also beginning from the ground up, a site both semirural in character
Cellular immunotherapy in late stage breast cancer patients with reactivated autologous Memory T-cells (MTC) derived from bone marrow (BM)
Authors: F. Schuetz, K. Ehlert, G. Bastert, A. Schneeweiss, V. Schirrmacher, I. Diel, S. Costa, P. Beckhove
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2612 Background: We have previously shown an enrichment of tumor-specific MTC in BM in 66% of breast cancer patients by using ELISpot-analysis. Upon specific restimulation with dendritic cells (DC) in vitro BM T cells exert specific effector functions like IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity. Furthermore we have shown in NOD/Scid-mice that reactivated MTC are able to infiltrate autologous and heterologous tumor tissue, proliferate and kill tumor cells by induction of apoptosis, leading to a marked or complete tumor rejection within 21 days after transfer (Nature Med, 2001). This effect required appropriate stimulation by tumor associated antigens (TAA), since MTC stimulated with irrelevant antigen did not exert anti-tumor effects in vivo. Furthermore we were able to show that endocrine and cytostatic cancer therapies only have a limited influence on the frequency of tumorspecific MTC in BM, so these cells still can be found in late stage breast cancer patients (ASCO, 2003, #720). Material: We thus are doing a phase I trial with autologous reactivated MTC of BM in metastatic breast cancer patients. First BM aspirate is tested by IFN-γ ELISPOT for MTCs that are reactive against TAA or lysate of breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in each patient. If reactive MTCs can be found these cells are reactivated by incubating them in vitro with autologous DC pulsed with TAA or MCF-7 lysate. Reactivated MTCs and pulsed DCs are injected intravenously into the same patient after 14 days of incubation time. Although no severe complications or risks can be found in the literature for treating patients with T-cells we will do a phase I trial with a defined dose escalation scheme. Primary objective is feasibility, determination of the effective dose and dose limiting toxicity, risks and side effects, secondary objectives are quality of life, clinical response, and therapy efficiacy. We include only BC patients with measureable parameters or elevated tumormarkers, age 18 to 70 years. Conclusions: Immunotherapy with autologous MTC might be a innovative way of cancer treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.