tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bulletin of the Harvard Medical School Association.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reflections on Hexavalent Chromium: Health Hazards of an Industrial Heavyweight
Authors: Cheryl Pellerin, Susan M. Booker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Chromium has been used commercially in the United States for more than 100 years in metal alloys and other compounds, as a pigment, and in the tanning and metal plating industries, and many studies have looked at its effects in terms of occupational health. But, although scientists know that Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen and that it can cause other deleterious health effects including kidney and liver damage, certain questions remain about the metal's effects, such as which routes of exposures are dangerous for humans.
Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Ioana Baiu, David A. Spain
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Enteral NutritionNutrition is essential to health and can be provided via feeding tube directly into the gut. NutritionGood nutrition is essential to growth, healing, and vitality.The body requires specific amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals depending on body weight and other considerations.For a variety of reasons, some patients are not able to eat.To receive essential nutrients, such patients require means that do not involve chewing or swallowing.Adequate hydration must be provided, but many patients can be without nutrition for up to 7 days.However, depending on the circumstances, nutrition might need to be started sooner.Inability to eat may be temporary, but in some patients it may be a permanent condition.
Heart Failure
Authors: Valencia Long
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase II study of weekly docetaxel/cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: K. W. Maas, S. Y. Sharouni, E. C. Phernambucq, J. A. Stigt, H. J. Groen, B. E. van den Borne, S. Senan, R. M. Paul, E. F. Smit, F. M. Schramel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

7586 Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard of care in stage III NSCLC. Optimal chemotherapy has yet to be defined and the role of surgery is still unclear. This prospective study analyzed the feasibility and efficacy of weekly docetaxel/cisplatin (DC) and concurrent involved-field thoracic radiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery in patients with stage IIIA/B NSCLC. Primary endpoint is radiologic response of DC and CRT. Secondary endpoints included toxicity, efficacy of surgery, postoperative morbidity and mortality, time to progression and overall survival. Methods: DC consisted of IV docetaxel 20 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20mg/m2 at days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 and 36. CRT was given in once-daily fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions a week to a total dose of 45 Gy during days 8 to 36. (Non-)invasive investigations were performed after CRT in order to restage the mediastinum. When mediastinal downstaging was achieved, surgery was performed in order to achieve radical resection. Results: Between January 2005 until August 2006, 45 patients were included, of whom 42 patients were evaluable. The median follow-up time was 26.2 months (95 % CI: 24.6–27.7). Stage IIIB disease was present in 17 patients (cT4N2=10, cT4N0/N1=4 and cN3=3) and 25 had stage IIIA-N2 disease. A radiologic response was seen in 20 patients (48%) and eight (19%) showed progressive disease. Toxicity was mild. Twenty patients (48%) of the twenty-three operated patients underwent a radical resection without residual mediastinal malignant disease, ten pneumonectomies (8 left sided) were performed. The mean survival time for this group was 20.3 months (95% CI: 16.5–24.1) vs 16 months (95% CI: 10.4–21.7) for the patients without operation (p=0.068, median was not reached). The 30 days mortality was 4%. Twenty-one patients of 42 showed progression (50%), of which 16 patients developed distant metastasis (38%). Conclusions: Weekly DC and involved-field CRT is possible in stage III NSCLC, with limited toxicity. Radiologic response was seen in 20 patients (48%) and 14 patients showed stable disease. Nearly half of the treated patients (48%) could undergo a radical surgical resection (R0) with a mean survival benefit of 4.3 months. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cancer of the Prostate
Authors: Juan A. del Regato
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IN HIS treatise on diseases of the urinary tract, Samuel D. Gross,<sup>1</sup>in 1855, noted that cancer of the prostate was considered to be extremely rare. He sided with this point of view and, except for anodynes and leeches applied to the perineum, considered cancer of the prostate as not amenable to treatment. Toward the end of the 19th century, individual case reports appeared in the literature.<sup>2</sup>In the 1900s, Albarrán and Hallé<sup>3</sup>found carcinoma in 14 of 100 surgical specimens of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy. It is of interest that this coincided with the observation, also made by Albarrán,<sup>4</sup>that bilateral orchiectomy frequently provided improvement to patients with "benign prostatic hypertrophy." Among all nations, the United States has the highest incidence of cancer of the prostate. The Third National Cancer Survey (1969 to 1971)<sup>5</sup>showed that the age-adjusted incidence in US males (60.8/100,000
A new age in asthma research: study of chemical mediators
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Thirty-four years of research culminated early this year in both the elucidation of the structure and the in vitro synthesis of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS) by a team of scientists from Boston and Stockholm. The new information about SRS adds to a rapidly expanding body of knowledge about the natural chemicals that produce asthmatic symptoms. Many experts in this field think that these mediators lead to both allergic and nonallergic asthma, since they originate from mast cells and mast cells respond to many stimuli other than the antibody involved in allergy (IgE). Thus, this work potentially could benefit patients with a wide range of respiratory illnesses. A second molecule that has been isolated, analyzed, and synthesized in the last year and is believed to be involved in allergic reactions is platelet-activating factor (PAF). Work on SRS has overshadowed progress on PAF, partly because SRS has a longer history—40 years
Hematology
Authors: George R. Honig
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The title of this volume implies that it offers the reader a comprehensive picture of this complex and multifaceted discipline. The earlier editions of the book have, in fact, achieved that objective remarkably well, and the tradition continues to be upheld in the updated version. As before, the volume is multiauthored, drawing on many of the most distinguished contributors to the field, both from the United States and abroad. The writing, with few exceptions, is clear and concise, with little of the unevenness that so often characterizes works of multiple authorship. Illustrations are plentiful and well chosen and each section includes an ample, updated reference list. A new larger-page format and a change from the annoyingly semitransparent paper of the previous edition substantially improve the readability. Several chapters have been extensively rewritten and new sections have been added, including a brief but well-referenced section on bone marrow transplantation and a
UNDERWATER NEUROLOGY
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Detection of Donor-Directed, HLA-Specific Alloantibodies in Recipients of Unrelated Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Is Predictive of Graft Failure.
Authors: Robert Bray, Sandy Rosen-Bronson, Michael Haagenson, John Klein, Susan Flesch, Cynthia Vierra-Green, Stephen Spellman, Claudio Anasetti
Journal: Blood (2007)
Exposures and Health Effects from Inorganic Agricultural Dusts
Authors: Marc Schenker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Most studies of respiratory disease from dust exposure in the agricultural workplace have focused on allergic diseases caused by inorganic dusts, specifically occupational asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.Exposures to inorganic (mineral) dusts among farmers and farm workers may be substantial.Such exposures are most frequent in dry-climate farming regions.In such locations farming activities that perturb the soil (e.g., plowing, tilling) commonly result in exposures to farm operators of 1-5 mg/m3 respirable dust and 2 20 mg/m3 total dust.The composition of inorganic dust in agriculture generally reflects the soil composition.Crystalline silica may represent up to 20% of particles, and silicates represent up to 80%.These very high concentrations of inorganic dust are likely to explain some of the increase in chronic bronchitis reported in many studies of farmers.Pulmonary fibrosis (mixed dust pneumoconiosis) has been reported in agricultural workers, and dust samples from the lungs in these cases reflect the composition of agricultural soils, strongly suggesting an etiologic role for inorganic agricultural dusts.However, the prevalence and clinical severity of these cases are unknown, and many exposures are to mixed organic and inorganic dusts.Epidemiologic studies of farmers in diverse geographic settings also have observed an increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity and mortality.It is plausible that agricultural exposure to inorganic dusts is causally associated with chronic bronchitis, interstitial fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the independent contribution of mineral dusts beyond the effects of organic dusts remains to be determined.
Abstract 1563: Alpha1-adrenoceptor Autoantibody from Sera of Patients with Primary Hypertension Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury
Authors: Li Yan, Yanwu Xu, Xiangdong Wu, Guangzhao Yang, Jingyi Liu, Xiaoliang Wang, Xinliang Ma, Huirong Liu
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a characteristic of patients with primary hypertension, and accumulating evidence demonstrated that immunologic factor play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Previous study has shown that high level of alpha1-adrenoceptor autoantibody (alpha1-AA) existed in the sera of patients with primary hypertension and induced significant vasoconstrictive effects on arteries from important organs. However, whether alpha1-AA involves in vascular endothelial cell injury in hypertension remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of our present study is to explore the role of alpha1-AA in vascular endothelial cell injury in vitro . Methods: Alpha1-AA was purified from sera of patients with primary hypertension, and its purification, concentration and titer were detected by SDS-PAGE, BCA assay and ELISA, respectively. LDH release, Caspase-3, 8, 9 activity, apoptosis index (aridine orange and propidium iodide staining, AO/PI staining) and DNA damage (single cell gel electrophoresis assay, SCGE) in cultured HUVEC were examined after administration of alpha1-AA (1 μM) for 24h, respectively. Results: In alpha1-AA administration group, apoptosis index was significantly higher than that in control group(12.83 ± 1.19 % vs. 2.92 ± 0.57 %, P &lt;0.01), caspase-3(2.67±0.21 nmol/h/mg protein vs. 0.95±0.28 nmol/h/mg protein, P &lt;0.01) and caspase-8 (0.58±0.12 nmol/h/mg protein vs. 0.14±0.06 nmol/h/mg protein, P &lt;0.01) activity were increased consistently, however, no remarkable change in caspase-9 activity; meanwhile, the autoantibody also resulted in more than 2.5-fold increase in LDH release ( P &lt;0.01) and higher tail moment value of SCGE (15.42 ± 1.28 in alpha1-AA group vs. 1.59 ± 0.29 in control group, P &lt;0.01) respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that alpha1-AA can induce DNA damage, pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cell in vitro , which may contribute to the vascular injury in patients with primary hypertension. The results suggest that production of alpha1-AA is a novel risk factor in hypertensive patients and this auto-antibody may play an important role in the development of hypertension.
Intra-arterial injection of propoxyphene into brachial artery
Authors: H. S. Pearlman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the case of intra-arterial injection of propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon) discussed here, management included dextran 40 in a steady drip, extensive fasciotomy, and secondary excision of necrotic muscle after the wound was maintained open for a week. This produced an excellent functional result. The exploration of the artery, instillation of papauerine hydrochloride, and injection of the adventitia with lidocaine (Xylocaine) was of questionable value. The arteriogram done at the time of initial surgery showed clear areas of blockage of the digital arteries.
Suicide Trends Among Youths and Young Adults Aged 10-24 Years—United States, 1990-2004
Journal: JAMA (2008)

In 2004, suicide was the third leading cause of death among youths and young adults aged 10-24 years in the United States, accounting for 4,599 deaths. During 1990-2003, the combined suicide rate for persons aged 10-24 years declined 28.5%, from 9.48 to 6.78 per 100,000 persons. However, from 2003 to 2004, the rate increased by 8.0%, from 6.78 to 7.32, the largest single-year increase during 1990-2004. To characterize U.S. trends in suicide among persons aged 10-24 years, CDC analyzed data recorded during 1990-2004, the most recent data available. Results of that analysis indicated that, from 2003 to 2004, suicide rates for three sex-age groups (i.e., females aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years and males aged 15-19 years) departed upward significantly from otherwise declining trends. Results further indicated that suicides both by hanging/suffocation and poisoning among females aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years increased from 2003 to 2004 and were significantly in excess of trends in both groups. The results suggest that increases in suicide and changes in suicidal behavior might have occurred among youths in certain sex-age groups, especially females aged 10-19 years. Closer examination of these trends is warranted at federal and state levels. Where indicated, health authorities and program directors should consider focusing suicide-prevention activities on these groups to help prevent suicide rates from increasing further.
Effectiveness of Flushing on Reducing Lead and Copper Levels in School Drinking Water
Authors: Eileen A. Murphy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Samples from drinking water fountains in 50 schools in New Jersey were collected at specific times during a typical school day and analyzed for lead, copper, pH, alkalinity, and hardness. First-draw lead and copper levels (medians 0.010 mg/l and 0.26 mg/l, respectively) decreased significantly after 10 min of flushing in the morning (medians 0.005 mg/l lead and 0.068 mg/l copper), but levels increased significantly by lunchtime (medians 0.007 mg/l lead and 0.12 mg/l copper) after normal use of fountains in the morning by students. Corrosive water, as defined by the aggressive index, contained significantly higher levels of lead and copper (medians 0.012 mg/l and 0.605 mg/l, respectively) than noncorrosive water (medians 0.005 mg/l and 0.03 mg/l, respectively).
Patient Safety Efforts Should Focus on Medical Injuries—Correction
Authors: H Handsfield, Charles Turner, Susan Rogers, William Miller, James Chromy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

chlamydial infection. 2In addition, the authors did not comment on the surprising finding of statistically similar prevalences of the 2 infections.Almost every study during the past 3 decades has shown several-fold higher prevalences of chlamydial than gonococcal infection.Substantial cutbacks in public health clinical services were believed to be partly responsible for resurgent syphilis in Baltimore in the mid-1990s, 3 and may have contributed to the high prevalences of gonorrhea or chlamydial infection found by Turner et al.Thus, it is unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to other geographic areas and populations.
Phase II study of axitinib in patients with progressive, recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Authors: Alan Loh Ho, Eric Jeffrey Sherman, Matthew G. Fury, Shrujal S. Baxi, Sofia Haque, Camelia S. Sima, Cristina R. Antonescu, Nora Katabi, David G. Pfister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6093 Background: Recurrent/metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (R/M ACC) is an incurable disease with no standard treatments. >70% of ACCs highly express the oncogenic transcription factor c-myb, which drives expression of genes that activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and c-kit pathways. Axitinib (AG-013736; Pfizer) is a potent inhibitor of VEGFR and c-kit that we hypothesized would be an effective therapeutic for R/M ACC patients. Methods: For this minimax two-stage phase II trial, patients with locally advanced, recurrent, and/or metastatic ACC (any primary site) not amenable to curative surgery or radiation were enrolled. Evidence of disease progression on imaging performed within 6 months of enrollment ornew/worsening disease-related symptoms was required. Patients were treated with axitinib 5 mg orally twice daily (BID); those with ≤Grade 2 axitinib-related adverse events (AEs) for two consecutive weeks and blood pressure ≤150/90 mmHg without antihypertensive medication were eligible for dose escalation up to 10 mg BID. The primary endpoint was best overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1 criteria. The objective was to detect a difference in ORR of 5% vs. 20% (with 10% one-sided type I error and 90% power); ≥1 response among the first 18 patients had to be achieved before accruing 14 more patients in the second stage. ≥4 responses out of 32 patients would be deemed promising. Results: 33 patients were registered and evaluable for response. One patient included in the analysis was determined to be ineligible after one dose of axitinib and replaced. 15 of 19 eligible for dose escalation had the axitinib dose increased. 22 achieved reductions in tumor size. 3 (9.1%) had confirmed PR and 25 (75.8%) stable disease (SD) as best overall response. 11 had SD for ≥ 6 months. The most common axitinib-related AEs were hypertension, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome, nausea, and oral pain. Exploratory analyses evaluating clinicopathologic correlates to response (including c-myb expression) are ongoing. Conclusions: The study did not meet its primary endpoint. Axitinib does appear to achieve disease-control in a subset of progressive R/M ACC patients. Clinical trial information: NCT01558661.
DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal