tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Difficult asthma
Authors: PJ Barnes, AJ Woolcock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Asthma is usually easy to manage, but approximately 5% of patients are not controlled even on high doses of inhaled corticosteroids. It is important to assess these patients carefully in order to identify whether there are any correctable factors that may contribute to their poor control. It is critical to make a diagnosis of asthma and to exclude other airway diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and vocal cord dysfunction ("pseudo-asthma"). Poor adherence to therapy, particularly inhaled corticosteroids, is a common reason for a poor response. There may be unidentified exacerbating factors, including unrecognized allergens, occupational sensitizers, dietary additives, drugs, gastro-oesophageal reflux, upper airway disease, or other systemic diseases, that need to be identified and avoided or treated. Psychological factors may be important in some patients, but it is difficult to know whether these are causal or secondary to troublesome disease. Some patients have instability of their asthma, with resistant nocturnal asthma, premenstrual exacerbations or chaotic and unpredictable instability (brittle asthma). A few patients are completely resistant to corticosteroids, but more patients are relatively resistant and require relatively high doses of corticosteroids to control their symptoms (steroid-dependent). Some patients develop progressive loss of lung function, as in patients with COPD. Management of patients with difficult asthma should be supervised by a respiratory specialist and should involve careful assessment to confirm a diagnosis of asthma, identification and treatment of exacerbating factors, particularly allergens, and recording of peak expiratory flow patterns. A period of hospital admission may be the best way to assess and manage these patients. Treatment involves optimizing corticosteroids therapy, assessing additional controllers such as long-acting inhaled or subcutaneous beta2-agonists or subcutaneous, theophylline and antileukotrienes. In some patients, the use of immunosuppressive treatments may reduce steroid requirements, although these treatments are rarely effective and have side-effects. In the future, the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory treatments now in development may be useful in these patients.
Results of the OPARATIC trial: A phase I dose escalation study of olaparib in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (GBM).
Authors: Sarah E. R. Halford, Garth Cruickshank, Laurence Dunn, Sara Erridge, Lisa Godfrey, Christopher Herbert, Sarah Jefferies, Juanita Suzanne Lopez, Catherine McBain, Marc Pittman, Rebecca Sleigh, Colin Watts, Mark F Webster-Smith, Anthony J. Chalmers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2022 Background: Olaparib, a small molecule inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), may improve GBM outcomes by enhancing cytotoxic effects of ionising radiation and TMZ. Clinical development of PARP inhibitors has been restricted by exacerbation of hematological toxicity. We investigated tumor pharmacokinetics (PK) of olaparib and safety and tolerability of its combination with TMZ. Methods: Dose escalation explored different schedules of olaparib (tablet formulation) with 42 day cycles of daily low dose TMZ. A dose expansion cohort evaluated the maximum tolerated schedule. PK analysis was performed on tumor and blood samples from patients undergoing neurosurgical resection, who received 4 olaparib doses pre-operatively. Results: 48 patients were recruited (median age 51(18-68); 29 male, 19 female) of whom 27 underwent surgery and 35 received olaparib/TMZ and were evaluable. 13 evaluable patients received expansion dose schedule (median age 54(21-67); 9 male, 4 female). Olaparib was detected in 73 of 74 tumor core specimens from 27 patients; mean conc. 588nM (97-1374nM), and in 27 of 28 tumor margin specimens from 10 patients; mean conc. 500nM (97-1237nM). Margin: core ratios ranged from 0.2–3.9(mean 1.2); tumor: plasma ratios ranged from 0.01 to 0.9 (mean 0.25). Olaparib dosing on days 1-5 was hindered by myelosuppression. Expansion cohort dose was defined as TMZ 75 mg/m 2 daily plus olaparib 150 mg (OD) days 1-3 weekly. Of 13 evaluable patients receiving expansion dose-schedule, 9 completed cycle 1, 2 completed cycle 2 and 2 completed cycle 3. Currently 45% of the evaluable patients remain progression-free at 6 months, with 2 still on treatment (full data set May2017). Of 35 evaluable patients, 24 experienced AE Grade ≥3 (see Table). Conclusions: Olaparib penetrates both core and margins of recurrent GBM despite failing to penetrate the intact brain barrier in pre-clinical heathy rodent models. Combination with extended low dose TMZ is safe and well tolerated, yielding encouraging 6 month progression-free survival rates. Clinical trial information: NCT01390571. [Table: see text]
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: G. LESSER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article BOOK REVIEW Get access Neurological Complications of Cancer Ronald G. Wiley , ed. New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. , 1995 . 568 pp., illus. $185. ISBN 0-8247-8840-0 GLENN LESSER, M.D. GLENN LESSER, M.D. Wake Forest Univesity Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical Center DrWinston-Salem, NC 27157-1082 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 18, 20 September 1995, Pages 1412–1413, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.18.1412 Published: 20 September 1995
Die Lehre von den Pupillenbewegungen.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Leroy Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A recent inquiry about a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis (<i>JAMA</i><b>176</b>:973 [June 17] 1961) was answered thoroughly, but greater emphasis on conservative medical management appears indicated. The patient had tuberculosis in 1940. She had a relapse in 1960 and received isoniazid (INH) therapy for the first time, responding very well with rapid closure of cavity and sputum conversion. Experience has revealed that the vast majority of such patients stay well and do not require surgery. INH alone is continued for 3 to 4 years after discharge from the hospital, and relapse rates are about 1%. The open-negative tuberculosis patient also does well without surgery and with long-term INH therapy (Hyde, L.: Review of 170 Open-Negative TB Cases: To be published; Wilson, T. M., Doyle, L., and Gardiner, M. P.: Open Healing of Tuberculosis Cavities; Results in 40 Patients Treated Conservatively,<i>Brit Med J</i><b>2</b>:87-90 [July
Rating the severity of tissue damage. II. The comprehensive scale
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retinoids exacerbate rat liver fibrosis by inducing the activation of latent TGF-? in liver stellate cells
Authors: M Okuno, H Moriwaki, S Imai, Y Muto, N Kawada, Y Suzuki, S Kojima
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver stellate cells (SCs) play central roles in both the storage of retinol and the development of liver fibrosis. The present study is aimed to understand the mechanism by which retinoic acid (RA, an active metabolite of retinol) enhances hepatic fibrosis in rats. We tested the effect of 9-cis-RA on several aspects in vitro rat SC cultures, including the activity of cellular plasminogen activator (PA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA level of type-I procollagen, and the activity of type-I collagenase. Employing the rat liver fibrosis model produced by porcine serum, we also estimated the effect of oral administration of a stable RA analog on the progression of the fibrosis, as well as on hepatic TGF-β contents. In vitro SC cultures, 9-cis-RA enhanced cellular PA and plasmin levels thereby induced plasmin-mediated activation of latent TGF-β. Active TGF-β generated self-stimulated its synthesis as well as that of collagen and suppressed the production of collagenase in an autocrine manner. In in vivo rat models, an RA analog accelerated the porcine serum-induced fibrosis by enhancing TGF-β contents and, thus, collagen levels in the liver, although the RA analog alone was not fibrogenic. These results suggest that RA exacerbated liver fibrosis, at least in part, by inducing the activation and production of latent TGF-β in liver SCs.
Early Survival of Infants Weighing 2.5 Kilograms or Less Undergoing First-Stage Reconstruction for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Samuel Weinstein, J. William Gaynor, Nancy D. Bridges, Gil Wernovsky, Lisa M. Montenegro, Rodolfo I. Godinez, Thomas L. Spray
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Results of staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have improved in recent years; however, certain risk factors have been associated with decreased survival rates. Methods and Results —We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 67 patients weighing ≤2.5 kg undergoing the first stage of reconstructive surgery at our institution between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1997. HLHS was present in 45 patients, complex double-outlet right ventricle in 10, unbalanced AV canal in 5, tricuspid atresia with transposition of the great vessels in 4, and other diagnoses in 3. Mean age at surgery was 10.1±10.7 days (median, 8 days), and mean weight was 2.2±0.3 kg (median, 2.2 kg). Fourteen patients weighed ≤2.0 kg, and 2 patients weighed ≤1.5 kg. Early mortality (death within 30 days or before hospital discharge) was 51% (34 of 67). No patient, procedural, or time-related variables correlated with increased mortality. However, there was a trend toward increased mortality with increased cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P =0.076) and decreased preoperative ventricular performance ( P =0.139). Conclusions —These findings suggest that low weight alone in a patient with HLHS or an anatomic variant should not be considered a contraindication to staged reconstructive surgery.
THE POWER AND FORCE OF A UNITED PROFESSION.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-dose megestrol acetate. A possible treatment for cachexia
Authors: N. S. Tchekmedyian
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Weight loss and anorexia are significant complications of a variety of disorders and add morbidity to the underlying process. We observed marked weight gain (median, 5.1 kg; range, 0.9 to 20.1 kg) and appetite enhancement in 27 of the 28 patients with breast cancer receiving treatment consisting of high doses of oral megestrol acetate (480 to 1600 mg/d). Weight gain occurred regardless of pretreatment weight, extent of metastases, or response to therapy. Our results suggest a possible role for megestrol acetate in reversing anorexia and weight loss, thereby improving the quality of life of patients with cachexia. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism of weight gain and potential clinical applications. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1195-1198)
THE PARALYSIS FLY, LUCILIA CAESAR: A PLEA FOR COLLECTING ITS TOXIVIRULENT LARVAE FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INTESTINAL AMEBAS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NETHERLANDS
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Demethylchlortetracycline-Reply
Authors: Joel L. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "Demethylchlortetracycline in Clinical Practice" was motivated by our desire to show that streamlined data-processing techniques enable physicians to receive relevant facts about new compounds much more rapidly. An explanatory abstract originally submitted with the paper was not printed. It is reproduced below in order to clarify further the original intention of the authors: Special data-processing methods were devised to facilitate the handling of almost 5,000 case reports on demethylchlortetracycline. The reports were analyzed for therapeutic and bacteriologic effectiveness, incidence of side effects, and comparison with other anti-infective agents. Such very broad clinical investigations in many thousands of patients nicely supplement smaller carefully controlled studies and often yield information not always obtainable from investigations in a few hundred patients. Because subjective diagnoses and estimates of improvement are not enough to establish fact, the ultimate usefulness of a drug cannot be evaluated until many physicians have used it for
DIPHTHERIA.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DANUBE NEPHROPATHY— A MEDICAL PUZZLE
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recovery of Adrenocortical Function during Long-term Treatment with Corticosteroids
Authors: L. Westerhof, M. J. van Ditmars, P. J. der Kinderen, J. H. H. Thijssen, F. Schwarz
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The recovery of adrenocortical function during long-term corticosteroid treatment in a group of patients with asthmatic bronchitis was compared with that in a group of patients with sarcoidosis. At corresponding dosages of prednisone basal adrenocortical function as well as adrenocortical response to tetracosactrin stimulation was higher in the asthma patients than in those with sarcoidosis.The rate of recovery of adrenocortical function seems mainly to be determined by the dosage of corticosteroids during the initial stages of treatment rather than by the nature of the disease.