tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin Antagonists
Authors: P de Groote
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Vasopressin, like all the other neuro-hormonal systems, is activated in patients with cardiac insufficiency. Vasopressin attaches itself to two distinct specific receptors. It is through the intermediary of the renal V2 receptor, controlling the reabsorption of water by the collecting duct, that vasopressin finely regulates the blood osmolarity. The ubiquitous V1a receptor is essentially responsible for the vasoconstrictor effect of the hormone. Some specific antagonists for these two receptors have now been evaluated in various pathologies such as SIADH, cirrhosis or cardiac insufficiency. In this situation the mixed antagonists, anti-V1a-V2, seem more appropriate than the specific V1a or V2 receptor antagonists. The results of the first human studies are encouraging. The mixed antagonists reduce the pulmonary capillary pressure and increase diuresis and clearance of free water. But further studies are necessary to confirm these results and to demonstrate a reduction in morbidity and mortality before adding this class of medication to the therapeutic arsenal for our patients with cardiac insufficiency.
THE ANTISEPTIC DRESSING OF THE UMBILICAL STUMP.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

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IATROGENIC ULCERS
Authors: M R ZAVON
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypouricemia
Authors: Thomas H. Steele
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Hypouricemia1 2 3 may occur as a consequence of decreased formation of urate or increased renal clearance of urate. It can also result when the activity of xanthine oxidase is reduced, either because of deficiency of the enzyme, as in xanthinuria, or when there is pharmacologic inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol. Renal causes of hypouricemia vary.1 They range from isolated defects in renal reabsorption of urate to more complex abnormalities of renal tubular function. For example, the concomitant appearance of hypouricemia and hypophosphatemia suggests a modified Fanconi syndrome, in which there are many functional defects of the proximal tubules. Hypouricemia with . . .
Lead-contaminated health food. Association with lead poisoning and leukemia
Authors: W. H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A doctor prescribed a dietary supplement prepared from powdered animal bone for a young woman with dysmenorrhea. Severe lead poisoning developed while she was taking the powder, which was shown to be contaminated with lead. The diagnosis eluded more than 20 physicians and was finally made by the patient herself. The Food and Drug Administration, informed of the contamination, declined to take action, stating that a food supplement is neither a food nor a drug and, besides, there are no maximal limits for heavy-metal contamination of foods and drugs. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2627-2629, 1977)
Correction
Journal: JAMA (1962)

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Author Correction
Authors: Anil Potti, Sascha Tuchman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

the last sentence of the Purpose section was given as: "We performed gene expression profiling (GEP) with microarray data to better dissect the molecular phenotypes, sensitivity to particular chemotherapeutic agents, and prognoses of these diseases."It should now be: "We performed gene expression profiling (GEP) with microarray data to better dissect the molecular phenotypes and prognoses of these diseases."3) In the Abstract, the last sentence of the Methods section should be omitted.4) In the Abstract, the last sentence of the Results section was given as: "These clusters differentiated themselves based on predictions for prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity (eg, in ISS stage I, one cluster was characterized by increased CIN, cyclophosphamide resistance, and a poor prognosis)."It should now be: "These clusters differentiated themselves based on predictions for prognosis (eg, in ISS stage I, one cluster was characterized by increased CIN and a poor prognosis)." 5) In the Methods section, under Development of Signatures, the last paragraph should be omitted.
Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanut-allergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts
Authors: Victor Turcanu, Soheila J. Maleki, Gideon Lack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Comparing lymphocyte responses to allergenic and nonallergenic foods could reveal the differences between pathogenic and normal immune responses to foods. Defining the cytokine-producing phenotypes of peanut-specific lymphocytes from peanut-allergic children, children who outgrew peanut allergy, and children who have always tolerated peanuts may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of food tolerance. Investigating immune responses against foods is hindered, however, by the fact that circulating food antigen–specific lymphocytes are very rare. In a novel approach we used carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester to detect peanut-specific lymphocytes by flow cytometry. We confirmed that these cells are indeed peanut specific by cloning. Peanut-allergic donors show Th2 polarization of cytokine production by peanut-specific cells (IFN-γ low, TNF-α low, IL-4 high, IL-5 high, IL-13 high). Conversely, nonallergic children and children who have outgrown their allergy show Th1 skewing to peanut antigens (IFN-γhigh, TNF-α high, IL-4 low, IL-5 low, IL-13low), similarly to nonallergenic food antigens (β-lactoglobulin, OVA). This finding suggests that peanut antigens do not intrinsically induce Th2 skewing, but that the type of response depends upon the donor’s allergic status. In conclusion, food allergic status is characterized by a Th2 response whereas Th1-skewed responses underlie oral tolerance.
The Relationship of Blood Lead Levels and Blood Pressure in NHANES II: Additional Calculations
Authors: Peter S. Gartside
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

In performing research for associations and relationships among the data thus far published from the NHANES II survey, only the data for the 64 communities involved may be used. The simple omission of a few essential data makes impossible any valid analysis from the data for the 20,325 individual respondents. In this research for associations between blood lead levels and blood pressure in NHANES II, the method of forward stepwise regression was used. This avoids the problem of inflated error rates for blood lead, maximizes the number of data analyzed, and minimizes the number of independent variables entered into the regression model, thus avoiding the pitfalls that previous NHANES II research of blood lead and blood pressure has fallen into when using backward stepwise regression. The results of this research for white male adults, white female adults, and black adults were contradictory and lacked consistency and reliability. In addition, the overall average association between blood lead level and blood pressure was so minute that the only rational conclusion is that there is no evidence for this association to be found in the NHANES II data.
Portal Hypertension
Authors: Carroll M. Leevy, Gilbert R. Cherrick, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Effects and TreatmentPortal hypertension may not be associated with any clinical abnormalities but is usually accompanied by splenomegaly, esophageal varices, ascites or symptoms resulting from shunting of venous blood away from the liver. Treatment has consisted of procedures designed to reduce portal pressure and symptomatic measures to relieve presenting signs and symptoms.SplenomegalyAlthough portal pressure and the size of the spleen in liver disease correlate only roughly, marked degrees of portal hypertension are usually accompanied by splenomegaly at post-mortem examination.65 Enlargement of the spleen in acute or chronic viral hepatitis may not be associated with an elevation of . . .
Evaluation of a novel serotyping system for hepatitis C: Strong correlation with standard genotyping methods . Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA1; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA2; Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, FL, USA3; Istituto di Virologia, University of Milan, Milan, Italy4
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Pasteurella haemolylica isolates from clinical veterinary samples were serotyped over a three year period to determine the distribution of strains in Northern Ireland, to compare the results with the recorded distribution in the remainder of Great Britain and to extend information on the geographical prevalence of the serotypes. Four hundred and nine typable and 91 untypable strains were isolated from 490 animal cases. From 127 typable cattle isolates, the commonest serotype was Al, most frequently associated with calf pneumonia. Serotypes A2, T4, T10 and T15 were the commonest sheep isolates, A2 being most frequently associated with lamb pneumonia and the T-biovars more prevalent in adult pneumonia and lamb septicaemia. The isolates from approximately half the cases were evaluated in terms of the results obtained from gross and histopathological post mortem examination. Approximately two-thirds of these isolates were associated with significant pathology, including a small number of serotypes which are not included in the sheep vaccines currently used in Great Britain.
Corrigenda
Authors: M Hurt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

His second argument is that because the 'community' defines what cancer is, no facts in nature determine what it is, and because physicians were 'trained by the community and were given the responsibility to advise members of the community on what might be the best way to cure their cancer', 1 there is no way to determine what cancer is except by 'community' vote!According to this way of thinking, the nature of cancer is determined not by physicians with knowledge about the historical roots and biological nature of the disease, but rather by the 'community' vote of the uneducated soothsayers, palm readers and religious mystics.This kind of argument, if made in any Dermatology Grand Rounds in the world would result in knee-slapping guffaws.The first step in changing a person's mind about the nature of a solar keratosis is to make a rational argument about its nature and to lay it bare for all to read.The readers will have to decide for themselves, individually, after that is done -and that is, in fact, what Drs Ackerman and Mones have done.
Geriatric Anesthesiology
Authors: Alex Macario
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinically relevant gene signatures in triple-negative and basal-like breast cancer.
Authors: A. Rody, T. Karn, C. Liedtke, E. Ruckhäberle, L. Hanker, L. Pusztai, V. Mueller, M. Schmidt, U. Holtrich, M. Kaufmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

521 Background: The relationship of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) to basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is not fully clear and further understanding is important for identifying new treatment approaches. We aimed to identify principal factors differing among TNBC. Methods: We assembled an Affymetrix dataset of TNBC only to avoid con-founding of expression profiles associated with ER, PgR, and HER2 status. Since TNBC are generally high-grade confounding of proliferation genes should also be reduced. Datasets were excluded based on strict statistical criteria of comparability of the microarrays. Unsupervised methods identified principal metagenes. Results: We started with a n = 579 TNBC from n = 3488 primary breast cancers from 30 datasets of Affymetrix U133A data. 13 datasets (n = 185 TNBC) were excluded from the finding cohort based on criteria of comparability and used for validation. As expected, previously described gene signatures related to ER, PgR, HER2 status and proliferation did not play a role in this clean cohort. Several signatures which are associated with specific biologic phenotypes and processes could be identified: the basal-like phenotype, different immune cells, a stromal signature, the apocrine phenotype, an inflammatory signature, the Claudin-CD24 signature as well as an angiogenesis signature. 75.1% of TNBC displayed a basal-like phenotype, which had no effect on survival. A good prognosis was obtained for immune cell signatures, the apocrine phenotype and the claudin- low subtype. In contrast a poor prognosis was associated with signatures for inflammation, angiogenesis and stromal cells. Conclusions: Use of subtype-specific datasets allow the identification of signatures which are not confounded by the main variables of the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The prognostic value of specific gene signatures differ markedly between TNBC and other subtypes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
PWE-235 Screening using the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) guidelines demonstrates high strongyloides sero-prevalence in migrants with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: P J Smith, B Theis, N R O'Shea, R Vega, S McCartney, M Brown, S L Bloom
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Strongyloidiasis can persist and cause hyperinfection years after acquisition when host immunity is impaired. European Crohn9s and Colitis Organisation guidelines<sup>1</sup> on opportunisitc infections recommend that Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients returning from endemic areas be screened. However, prevalence of intestinal helminths in migrant IBD patients is unknown. We investigated the sero-prevalence of Strongyloidiasis and factors associated with infection. <h3>Methods</h3> Migrant patients attending IBD clinic over a 10-month period, with a diagnosis of Crohn9s disease (CD) or Ulcerative colitis (UC), were tested for Strongyloides serology. Eosinophil count and inflammatory markers were measured. Ethnicity was used as a proxy for migrant status. Sero-positive patients were followed-up with a Strongyloides charcoal culture before treatment with Ivermectin. Repeat eosinophil count and inflammatory markers were performed 3 months later. T test and χ<sup>2</sup> analysis (p&lt;0.05) were performed using SPSS for Windows. <h3>Results</h3> 97 migrant patients (54 CD vs 43 UC) were tested. 13/97 patients were sero-positive. In both groups, over 70% of patients were from Asia. Mean eosinophil counts (×10<sup>9</sup>/l) were not different between the two groups (0.29 vs 0.22, p&gt;0.05). No significant change was seen in eosinophil count or in inflammatory markers post treatment. In the sero-positive group 23% had past and current eosinophilia, but this was not statistically different from sero-negative patients. 9/13 reportable charcoal stool cultures were negative. No patients with Strongyloides were taking steroids, compared to 23% of sero-negative patients. In both groups, &gt;40% were on two or more immunosuppressants. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is a high sero-prevalence of Strongyloides in migrant IBD patients. Patients from Asia demonstrated the highest prevalence. Eosinophilia and raised inflammatory markers were not predictive of positive serology, most likely due to the high rate of immunosuppression. We cannot confirm all sero-positive patients were infected; published data<sup>2</sup> supports the specificity of Strongyloides serology for current infection. We recommend ECCO guidelines and current British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines are adapted to include targetting IBD patients who originate from endemic areas and serological testing be first line. Follow-up of patients is required to assess the impact of treatment on IBD activity. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>References</h3> 1. <b>Rahier JF</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>J Crohn9s Colitis</i> 2009;<b>3</b>:47–91. 2. <b>Loutfy MR</b>, <i>et al.</i><i>Am J Trop Med Hyg</i> 2002;<b>66</b>:749–52.
Special Surgery in Wartime
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SYNCYTIOMA MALIGNUM.
Authors: LAURA HOUSE BRANSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>DEFINITION.</h3> In some of our latest works on pathology and gynecology we find this growth mentioned and thus defined: Syncytioma malignum is a malignant neoplasm exhibiting the morbid physiologic characteristics of sarcoma and carcinoma.<sup>1</sup> It is a degenerative malignant disease of the sarcomatous type originating in the decidual structures of the pregnant woman and tending to a rapidly fatal issue.<sup>2</sup> It is a hemorrhagic tumor, a malignant growth developing in the body of the uterus, which belongs to the sarcoma group, and to a variety never before observed.<sup>3</sup> It is derived from the syncytium, and the syncytium is the undifferentiated embryologic tissue, and the tumors derived from it are neither epithelial nor sarcomatous.<sup>4</sup> It is a peculiar neoplasm of the uterus, peculiar in that it occurs only after pregnancy, in that its parenchyma is derived from two forms of cells, and, finally, in that its origin
IMPACT OF ETIOLOGY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ON POST-PROCEDURAL MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Ryan K. Kaple, Sumeet Pawar, Matthew S. Schoenfeld, Muhammad A. Haider, Polydoros Kampaktsis, Amiran Baduashvili, Sean Wilson, Luke Kim, Rajesh Swaminathan, Dmitriy Feldman, Harsimran Singh, Geoffrey Bergman, Robert Minutello, Richard Devereux, Arash Salemi, Karl Krieger, Evelyn Horn, Shing-Chiu Wong, Fay Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)