tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the histamine and tyramine hydrochloride tests in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Authors: S. G. Sheps
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The tyramine hydrochloride test of Engelman and Sjoerdsma was compared with the standard cold pressorhistamine test in seven patients with pheochromocytoma, five with essential hypertension, and three with labile hypertension. Urinary and blood catecholamines and urinary vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrines were also determined. One nontumor patient had a systolic pressor response (20 mm Hg greater than cold pressor response) after histamine; none had a response greater than 15 mm Hg after tyramine injection. The blood and urine values were normal in nontumor patients. Among the tumor patients, five had a marked pressor response to histamine, five had a mild pressor response (&gt; 20 mm Hg) to tyramine, and six had increased circulating pressor amine levels. All tumor patients had increased values for urinary metanephrines, six had increased catecholamine values, and five had increased VMA values.
Treatment of Serious Cytomegalovirus Infections with 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-Propoxymethyl)Guanine in Patients with AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Treatment of Serious Cytomegalovirus Infections with 9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-Propoxymethyl)Guanine in Patients with AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies
Hepatotoxic reaction to iodipamide meglumine injection
Authors: A. E. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HEPATOTOXIC reactions resulting from the use of cholecystographic and cholangiographic contrast media have been understandably rare.<sup>1,2</sup>A patient without known preexisting liver disease who sustained a clinically mild but chemically severe hepatotoxic reaction was recently studied at Tucson Medical Center; the suspected responsible agent was iodipamide meglumine injection. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 66-year-old woman was seen one week before admission because of recent onset of periumbilical pain. No other notable gastrointestinal symptoms were present. A cholecystectomy had been performed two years previously. The findings of the initial physical examination were entirely normal. Results of a complete blood cell count (CBC), determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, and complete liver function tests (Table) obtained six days before admission were all well within normal limits. A plain x-ray film of the abdomen revealed a prominent calcification in the right upper quadrant. An intravenous cholangiogram performed by infusion of 60
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 6(12) December 2009
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

This issue of PLoS Medicine features two Policy Forums on blindness. In the first, Paul Courtright and colleagues (e177) argue that the patterns of global childhood blindness are changing. With reductions in nutritional and infectious causes of blindness, intrauterine and genetic causes have become more important, suggesting a need to reassess research, training, and programmatic requirements. In the second, Susan Lewallen and Amir Bedri Kello (e184) argue that human resources management will be crucial in reaching the global goal of eliminating avoidable blindness in sub-Saharan Africa by the year 2020. Also, in this month's Editorial the PLoS Medicine editors reflect upon how much the publishing of research relies on a foundation of trust between authors, editors, peer reviewers, and readers. They argue that this relationship sometimes becomes tried, tested, and even broken. Thus, in the spirit of New Year's resolutions, the editors look to the future and set down some guidelines for authors, readers, reviewers, and editors themselves to maintain and renew the trusting foundations that are essential to publishing research. Image Credit: Ray Lopez, DownTown Pictures at flickr.com
Book Review Periodontal Diseases and Soft Tissue Lesions of the Oral Cavity: Diagnosis and treatment. By Arthur H. Merritt, M.S., D.D.S., Sc.D. Third edition. 8°, cloth, 256 pp., with 53 illustrations. New York: Macmillan Company, 1945 $3.50.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)
Error in End Matter
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Stella Aslibekyan, PhD; Golareh Agha, PhD; Elena Colicino, PhD; Anh N. Do, PhD; Jari Lahti, PhD; Symen Ligthart, MD; Riccardo E. Marioni, PhD; Carola Marzi, PhD; Michael M. Mendelson, MD; Toshiko Tanaka, PhD; Matthias Wielscher, PhD; Devin M. Absher, PhD; Luigi Ferrucci, MD, PhD; Oscar H. Franco, MD, PhD; Christian Gieger, PhD; Harald Grallert, PhD; Dena Hernandez, PhD; Tianxiao Huan, PhD; Stella Iurato, PhD; Roby Joehanes, PhD; Allan C. Just, PhD; Sonja Kunze, PhD; Honghuang Lin, PhD; Chunyu Liu, PhD; James B. Meigs, MD, PhD; Joyce B. J. van Meurs, PhD; Ann Zenobia Moore, PhD; Annette Peters, PhD; Holger Prokisch, PhD; Katri Räikkönen, PhD; Wolfgang Rathmann, MD; Michael Roden, MD; Katharina Schramm, PhD; Joel D. Schwartz, PhD; John M. Starr, MD; André G. Uitterlinden, MD, PhD; Pantel Vokonas; Melanie Waldenberger, PhD; Chen Yao, PhD; Degui Zhi, PhD; Andrea A. Baccarelli; Stefania Bandinelli, MD; Ian J. Deary, PhD; Abbas Dehghan, MD, PhD; Johan Eriksson, MD, PhD; Christian Herder, PhD; Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, PhD; Daniel Levy, MD; Donna K. Arnett, PhD
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Nicholas Russo, Arun Jesudian, Nicole T. Shen, Robert S. Brown, Akiko Sugiyama, Hayley T. Nicholls, Joseph F. Pisa, Tibor I. Krisko, Russell Rosenblatt, Zaid H. Tafesh, Brett E. Fortune, Omar Mousa, Harmeet Malhi, Robert E. Schwartz, Vikas Gupta, Tasha B. Kulai, Harmeet Malhi
Journal: Hepatology (2019)
Nutritional aspects of metabolism of growth and development
Authors: C. Woodruff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A growth pattern that is normal for the first half year of life with growth failure and partial recovery during the next three or four years is common in many developing countries. Biochemical evidence of anemia, hypoproteinemia, and a varying spectrum of relative vitamin deficiency is also found. Similar patterns for growth and biochemical findings were found in a group of hospitalized infants in the United States. The multiple conditioning factors in the development of these patterns are emphasized.
Response
Authors: Ariadna Tibau, Consolación Molto, Eitan Amir
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

We thank Cherny and colleagues for their comments about our article.Our use of the term "arbitrary" to describe the cutoffs utilized in the European Society of Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) was not meant to reflect a criticism of the development of this tool.It was simply an observation that the assessments of value in health care (which in the case of ESMO-MCBS is based on both efficacy and safety) are continuous measures that exist over a spectrum.Typically, attempts to dichotomize a continuous variable are subject to some arbitrary decisions.This is supported by data that show that there is only fair correlation between the assessment of value by ESMO-MCBS and other value frameworks despite the use of the same constructs of clinical benefit (1-3).Additionally, we are familiar with the robust statistical modeling that was performed to develop the ESMO-MCBS (4).However, even with this modeling, arbitrary cutoffs were utilized.For example, the decision to base efficacy assessment on the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio may be based on long-standing statistical dogma, but it is a somewhat arbitrary cutoff.We read with interest Cherny and colleagues' comments about the strong agreement between the ESMO-MCBS and the results of health technology assessments (HTAs) (5).We understand that one of the goals of the ESMO-MCBS is to aid payers in prioritizing new drugs for reimbursement (6,7).However, regulatory approval of new medications is based on the observation of efficacy and acceptable safety alone.Evaluation of the postmarketing cost or fiscal value of drugs is not part of the jurisdiction of the US Food and Drug Administration or of other regulatory agencies.In contrast, HTAs are designed to advise on value for money for health care payers.As the ESMO-MCBS assesses efficacy and safety only and does not address drug cost, we felt this was an appropriate tool to explore decisions of regulatory bodies rather than decisions of health care payers.The observation that only a minority of drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration meet the ESMO-MCBS threshold for benefit is important to clinicians as it shows that regulatory approval does not necessarily reflect advances in efficacy and safety that would be considered valuable to society.
Allergy and Immunology
Authors: Richard F. Lockey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A study of 12 patients with hematologic cancer who underwent allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow whose donors had a history of atopy, revealed that allergen-specific IgE-mediated hypersensitivity was adoptively transferred.<sup>1</sup>Thirty-six patients about to receive antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (pooled horse serum IgG) for bone marrow failure were prick tested with ATG. Of the 3 reacting positively, 2 received intravenous ATG. One of these died of anaphylaxis while the second was successfully desensitized. Bielory et al recommend prick testing all patients to be treated with heterologous antiserum samples, as positive intradermal tests did not predict anaphylaxis. Patients with positive reactions should be desensitized.<sup>2</sup> Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, derived from metastatic malignant melanoma tumors and expanded in vitro, and interleukin 2 were used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma. Twenty patients were treated by such adoptive transfer after receiving a single intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide. At least a 50% decrease in
Marihuana Bronchitis
Authors: Milton M. Waldman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recently I saw a patient who had been smoking five to six marihuana cigarettes per day for the past few years. The patient had a marked bronchitis, the symptoms of which were of recent origin. This raised the question whether there might be some association between the bronchitis and the smoking of marihuana. Much has been written and said about the systemic and carcinogenic effects of smoking tobacco because of the tars and resins in cigarette smoke. Concerted efforts are being made to ban cigarettes because of it. Yet, marihuana smoke is composed of many undifferentiated tars and resins, partly because of the adulterants that are added, or crudeness of preparation. I have never heard or read anything about the probable effects upon the bronchial tree or of any possible carcinogenic effects of smoking "pot." This possibility has been lost in the arguments about the behavorial and
Hematology
Authors: Jeffrey McCullough
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>Anticoagulants</h3> During the 1970s, blood transfusion therapy medicine underwent remarkable evaluation. The acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) anticoagulant used since the 1940s was discarded in favor of the citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) anticoagulant, which provides better RBC survival and oxygen-carrying capacity. Conversion to another anticoagulant preservative, CPD-adenine (CPD-A), is under way.<sup>1</sup>Adenine improves RBC viability, extending the shelf life of blood from 21 to 35 days, a most dramatic improvement. Red blood cells maintain their oxygencarrying capacity during storage in CPD-A as well as in the CPD presently used. Other blood components prepared from blood collected in CPD-A function normally. <h3>Blood Component Therapy</h3> In the use of specific components for specific clinical situations, blood component therapy has become the standard form of transfusion therapy. Whole blood is used only when the patient requires both RBCs (for oxygen transport) and volume replacement. Since most patients receive RBCs, the plasma can be used to prepare coagulation-factor
Reply to Pontus Eriksson, Gottfrid Sjödahl, and Fredrik Liedberg's Letter to the Editor re: Thomas Powles, Robert A. Huddart, Tony Elliott, et al. Phase III, Double-blind, Randomized Trial that Compared Maintenance Lapatinib versus Placebo after First-line Chemotherapy in Patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1/2-positive Metastatic Bladder Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:48–55. Knowing HER2 Status is Not Enough: A Molecular Subtype Approach to Bladder Cancer is Also Needed
Authors: Thomas Powles, Alfonso Gómez de Liaño, Charlotte Ackerman
Journal: European Urology (2017)
Walking, Cycling and Transport Safety: An Analysis of Child Road Deaths
Authors: Beth Sonkin, Phil Edwards, Ian Roberts, Judith Green
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Objective To examine trends in road death rates for child pedestrians, cyclists and car occupants. Design Analysis of road traffic injury death rates per 100 000 children and death rates per 10 million passenger miles travelled. Setting England and Wales between 1985 and 2003. Participants Children aged 0–14 years. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Death rates per 100 000 children and per 10 million child passenger miles for pedestrians, cyclists and car occupants. Results Death rates per head of population have declined for child pedestrians, cyclists and car occupants but pedestrian death rates remain higher (0.55 deaths/100 000 children; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42 to 0.72 deaths) than those for car occupants (0.34 deaths; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.48 deaths) and cyclists (0.16 deaths; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.27 deaths). Since 1985, the average distance children travelled as a car occupant has increased by 70%; the average distance walked has declined by 19%; and the average distance cycled has declined by 58%. Taking into account distance travelled, there are about 50 times more child cyclist deaths (0.55 deaths/10 million passenger miles; 0.32 to 0.89) and nearly 30 times more child pedestrian deaths (0.27 deaths; 0.20 to 0.35) than there are deaths to child car occupants (0.01 deaths; 0.007 to 0.014). In 2003, children from families without access to a vehicle walked twice the distance walked by children in families with access to two or more vehicles. Conclusions More needs to be done to reduce the traffic injury death rates for child pedestrians and cyclists. This might encourage more walking and cycling and also has the potential to reduce social class gradients in injury mortality.
Postoperative streptococcal wound infection. The anatomy of an epidemic
Authors: P. F. Gryska
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In a one-month period in 1969,13 postoperative wound infections due to group A β-hemolytic streptococci were discovered. The epidemic was controlled after discovery and treatment of the proven carrier, an anesthesiologist. The source of the carrier organism was the anal verge. His organism, that of eight of the patients, and a group A β-hemolytic streptococcus recovered on a fallout plate in an operating room (with the carrier in attendance) were identical as to bacteriogenic agglutination type.
Radiotherapy versus radical prostatectomy for Gleason score 9-10 prostate adenocarcinoma: A multi-institutional comparative analysis of 1001 patients treated in the modern era.
Authors: Amar Upadhyaya Kishan, Jay P. Ciezki, Talha Shaikh, Richard Stock, Gregory Stephen Merrick, D. Jeffrey Demanes, Jason Wang, Jonathan W. Said, Ryan Fiano, Govind Raghavan, Kiri Ann Sandler, Chandana A. Reddy, Nicholas George Nickols, William J. Aronson, Ahmad Sadeghi, Mitchell Kamrava, Michael L. Steinberg, Eric M. Horwitz, Patrick Kupelian, Christopher R. King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)
Complications
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glucose-induced β cell production of IL-1β contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets
Authors: Kathrin Maedler, Pavel Sergeev, Frédéric Ris, José Oberholzer, Helen I. Joller-Jemelka, Giatgen A. Spinas, Nurit Kaiser, Philippe A. Halban, Marc Y. Donath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia is suggested to be detrimental to pancreatic β cells, causing impaired insulin secretion. IL-1β is a proinflammatory cytokine acting during the autoimmune process of type 1 diabetes. IL-1β inhibits β cell function and promotes Fas-triggered apoptosis in part by activating the transcription factor NF-κB. Recently, we have shown that increased glucose concentrations also induce Fas expression and β cell apoptosis in human islets. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that IL-1β may mediate the deleterious effects of high glucose on human β cells. In vitro exposure of islets from nondiabetic organ donors to high glucose levels resulted in increased production and release of IL-1β, followed by NF-κB activation, Fas upregulation, DNA fragmentation, and impaired β cell function. The IL-1 receptor antagonist protected cultured human islets from these deleterious effects. β cells themselves were identified as the islet cellular source of glucose-induced IL-1β. In vivo, IL-1β–producing β cells were observed in pancreatic sections of type 2 diabetic patients but not in nondiabetic control subjects. Similarly, IL-1β was induced in β cells of the gerbil Psammomys obesus during development of diabetes. Treatment of the animals with phlorizin normalized plasma glucose and prevented β cell expression of IL-1β. These findings implicate an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes and identify the IL-1β/NF-κB pathway as a target to preserve β cell mass and function in this condition.
Letter: Distribution and supervision of oral contraceptives.
Authors: A Solihull
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Care and caring are by very nature personal.The entire concept of general practice, family medicine, primary care, call it what you will, in Britain is the continuing care of the patient as a whole.Once the patient is fragmented among a team of so- called experts personal responsibility and care lose their meaning.The recent publication by the Office of Health Economics2 must have either amused or exasperated general practitioners by its "academic" analysis of primary medical care with little reference to real life.Pray come down from the clouds and look at life as it is, not as it is assumed to be by whatever board or committee, however eminent the chairman be in his own field.-Iam, etc.,
Lord Florey dead
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Associations between Mortality and Air Pollution in Central Europe
Authors: Annette Peters, Jiri Skorkovsky, Frantisek Kotesovec, Jaromir Brynda, Claudia Spix, H. Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Increased mortality has been observed in association with elevated concentrations of air pollutants in European cities and in the United States. We reassessed the effects of particulate matter in Central Europe. Mortality and air pollution data were obtained for a highly polluted region of the Czech Republic and a rural region in Germany. Poisson regression analyses were conducted considering trend, season, meteorology, and influenza epidemics as confounders in both a parametric and a nonparametric approach. The Czech Republic had a 3.8% increase in mortality [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-6.9%] in association with 100 microg/m(3) total suspended particles (TSP) (lagged 2 days) for the time period 1982-1994. During the last 2 years of study, 68% of the TSP consisted of particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)). An increase of 100 microg/m(3) TSP (lagged 1 day) was associated with a 9.5% increase in mortality (CI, 1.2-18.5%) and 100 microg/m(3) PM(10 )(lagged 1 day) showed a 9.8% increase in mortality (CI, 0.7-19.7%). We found no evidence for an association between mortality and particulate matter in the rural area in Germany at the Czech border. Data from the coal basin in the Czech Republic suggested an increase in mortality associated with the concentration of particulate matter in a highly polluted setting in Central Europe that is consistent with the associations observed in other western European cities and in the United States.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and selenium
Authors: Klaus Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a High Selenium Environment" by Kilness and Hochberg (237:2843,1977) and in a subsequent publicity release by the American Medical Association, it was implied that excessive toxic amounts of selenium were the cause for a cluster of four cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which occurred in a highly seleniferous, sparsely populated region of South Dakota within a ten-mile radius from each other. I would like to point out that clusters of ALS occur elsewhere in areas with normal or low selenium levels in the geochemical environment. It cannot be concluded from the available evidence that a high intake of selenium is a cause or<i>the</i>cause of ALS. The most frequently occurring error in scientific logic is the assumption that two phenomena that occur side by side may be, or must be, connected with each other as cause and effect.