tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 436: Prediction of aggressive disease in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: The role of very small nuclear circulating tumor cells
Authors: Pin-Jung Chen, Yu Jen Jan, Pai-Chi Teng, Jie-Fu Chen, Shirley Cheng, Nu Yao, Mariana Reis-Sobreiro, Amber Lozano, Amy Gomez, Hsian-Rong Tseng, Michael Freeman, Edwin Posadas
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have arisen as a contemporary noninvasive prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PC). Previously, a subgroup of PC CTCs, with particularly small nuclei (&amp;lt;8.54 μm), were found to be correlated with poor prognosis and the emergence of visceral metastases (VM). This subgroup was named very-small nuclear CTCs (vsnCTCs). We proposed vsnCTCs as a biomarker of aggressive disease in metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Previous Studies also showed that the disruption of emerin, a linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex proteins, increases the cancer cells' capacity of migration and invasion. We hypothesize that emerin mislocalization is potentially associated with vsnCTC formation and may be a critical step for metastasis. Methods: 35 blood samples were obtained from PC patients who failed first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and starting 2nd line treatment with abiraterone, enzalutamide, or taxane-based chemotherapy. Using our NanoVelcro CTC assay, we captured, subclassified, and enumerated the CTCs from patient samples with high-resolution imaging. Survival analyses were performed to exam the correlation between vsnCTC presence and patients’ prognosis. Concurrently, emerin staining was performed and the distribution and expression levels of emerin were analyzed in selected vsnCTC samples. Results: The presence of one or more vsnCTCs strongly correlated with inferior overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and time to VM (TTVM). We also observed lower emerin content in vsnCTCs compared to WBC, and more prominent emerin mislocalization in vsnCTCs compared to CTCs with larger nuclei. Conclusion: Our study strongly demonstrated the importance of morphologic characterization of CTCs and suggested that vsnCTC is a blood-borne biomarker for prediction of aggressive disease. Additionally, emerin mislocalization in vsnCTCs could be a potential biological pathway behind this morphologic phenomenon. Citation Format: Pin-Jung Chen, Yu Jen Jan, Pai-Chi Teng, Jie-Fu Chen, Shirley Cheng, Nu Yao, Mariana Reis-Sobreiro, Amber Lozano, Amy Gomez, Hsian-Rong Tseng, Michael Freeman, Edwin Posadas. Prediction of aggressive disease in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: The role of very small nuclear circulating tumor cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 436.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, June-July, 1972
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1972)

Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, June-July, 1972 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 2, August 1972, Pages 608–609, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.2.608-b Published: 01 August 1972
Cost-effectiveness of PUVA
Authors: H. H. Roenigk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Five years ago a new form of systemic therapy for psoriasis was introduced.<sup>1</sup>The treatment combines the oral injestion of methoxsalen followed by increasing light (long-wave ultraviolet light [UVA]) given in special phototherapy boxes in established centers. This outpatient form of therapy has proved highly effective in two large cooperative studies<sup>2,3</sup>in the United States and also has been confirmed as standard therapy worldwide. The short-term side effects have been minimal and acceptable. Long-term side effects are yet to be determined, but one study<sup>4</sup>has suggested increased incidence of skin cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, but other studies<sup>5,6</sup>have argued that patients with severe psoriasis may have increased incidence of skin cancer because of exposure to other carcinogens such as x-ray, ultraviolet light in the sunlight range (UVB) for Goeckerman therapy, and other chemotherapeutic drugs. PUVA may increase the risk of skin cancer but no more than
TMIC-09. EXCITATORY SYNAPSES BETWEEN PRESYNAPTIC NEURONS AND POSTSYNAPTIC GLIOMA CELLS PROMOTE GLIOMA PROGRESSION
Authors: Humsa Venkatesh, Wade Morishita, Anna Geraghty, Lydia Tam, Dana Silverbush, Aviv Regev, Hannes Vogel, Mario Suva, Rob Malenka, Michelle Monje
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Neuronal activity robustly regulates high-grade glioma growth. Here, we report that neuron-glioma interactions include bona fide synaptic communication. Glioma cell expression of synapse-related genes was confirmed at the single cell level in primary adult and pediatric glioma samples. Structural synapses between presynaptic neurons and post-synaptic glioma cells were identified by confocal and electron microscopy. Voltage clamp recordings from patient-derived glioma cells xenografted to the CA1 region of the hippocampus demonstrates AMPAR-mediated excitatory neurotransmission between presynaptic neurons and post-synaptic glioma cells with local electrode stimulation of inputs to the CA1 region. Millisecond timescale excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) were observed in approximately 10–20% of glioma cells xenografted to the hippocampus. In some patient-derived glioma xenograft models, a larger subpopulation of glioma cells exhibit a second electrophysiological profile with longer, ~1 sec depolarization in response to neuronal activity. These longer timescale depolarizations induced by neuronal input activity are blocked by gap junction inhibitors, supporting the concept that neuron to glioma excitatory neurotransmission can be communicated through gap junction-coupling in a network of glioma cells, such as observed with tumor microtube interconnections. As depolarization of normal neural precursor cells during development profoundly affects neural stem cell proliferation, we tested the hypothesis that neuron to glioma synapse-mediated depolarization promotes glioma growth. Using in vivo optogenetic techniques to depolarize patient-derived glioma xenografts expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), we found that glioma cell depolarization robustly promotes proliferation. Further supporting the functional role of glutamatergic signaling through the AMPA receptor, expression of a dominant-negative AMPA receptor subunit robustly inhibits glioma xenograft growth. These findings define an unexpected integration of glioma cells into neural circuitry, identify excitatory synaptic neurotransmission as a mechanism driving glioma growth and elucidate the previously unexplored potential to target glioma circuit dynamics for therapy of these lethal cancers.
Abstract 1645: Cell-based reporter bioassays for the development of Fc-functional and Fc-silent SIRPα/CD47 checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Jonathan Mitchell, Jamison Grailer, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhijie Jey Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract CD47, a membrane glycoprotein commonly overexpressed in human cancers, interacts with its cognate receptor SIRPα on myeloid cells to deliver a “don't eat me” signal that inhibits phagocytosis. This SIRPα/CD47 interaction has emerged as a critical and potentially druggable immune checkpoint. Blockade of SIRPα/CD47 interaction promotes phagocytosis of tumor cells in vitro, and SIRPα/CD47 inhibitors exhibit anti-tumor activity, including synergistic activity with other tumor-targeted mAbs (e.g. rituximab), in vivo. These encouraging pre-clinical data have sparked widespread development of SIRPα/CD47 inhibitors and driven a need for robust functional assays to measure the activity of these therapeutic candidates. Biological activity of SIRPα/CD47 inhibitors is typically assessed via in vitro phagocytosis assays based on imaging or flow cytometry. These low-throughput assays often use primary monocyte-derived macrophages and are inherently prone to donor variability. Additionally, many SIRPα/CD47 inhibitors under development are designed to minimize Fc function to enhance safety and are thus incapable of driving phagocytosis directly. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a pair of reporter-based bioassays for measuring the biological activity of Fc-functional and Fc-silent SIRPα/CD47 inhibitors. These assays utilize a SIRPα-positive monocytic effector cell-line that expresses multiple Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) and encodes a FcγR-responsive NanoLuc luciferase reporter that is inhibited by SIRPα/CD47 interaction upon co-culture of SIRPα effector cells with CD47-positive target cells. Addition of Fc-functional inhibitors simultaneously disrupts the SIRPα/CD47 interaction and engages FcγRs on the SIRPα effector cells, resulting in NanoLuc reporter activation. To enable testing of Fc-silent inhibitors, we have engineered a second CD47 target cell-line which provides a constitutive activating stimulus to SIRPα effector cells that is restricted by SIRPα/CD47 interaction. Addition of Fc-silent SIRPα/CD47 blockers releases inhibition by SIRPα/CD47, resulting in NanoLuc reporter activation. These newly developed reporter bioassays provide a robust, high-throughput platform to facilitate discovery and development of diverse SIRPα/CD47 checkpoint inhibitors. Citation Format: Jonathan Mitchell, Jamison Grailer, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhijie Jey Cheng. Cell-based reporter bioassays for the development of Fc-functional and Fc-silent SIRPα/CD47 checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1645.
Klinische Medizin, Vienna
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PSYCHIC THERAPEUTICS.*
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial Cartoons
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human evolution
Authors: M. C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

When some unusual bones, almost but not quite those of modern man, were found in the Neanderthal, near Düsseldorf, a few investigators believed them to be from an extinct type of human. But this was 1856 and few people, even scientists, were willing to consider that the human race did not start with Adam. Various explanations of the bones were offered—eg, they were from an idiot with rickets and a bad disposition —the flat forehead and heavy brows were caused by blows to the head. Three years later, Darwin's<i>Origin of Species</i>appeared and the controversy about evolution exploded. By the time most scientists accepted the concept of evolution, other ancient bones resembling those from Neanderthal were found elsewhere and Neanderthal man was accepted as one of our predecessors. Darwin's view, popularly interpreted as "we were descended from monkeys," led to the search for "the missing link" between monkey and
RECONSTRUCTION OF MIDDLE EAR
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
评估酒渣鼻的不同方法回顾
Authors: J.G.M. Logger, F.M. C. de Vries, P.E J. van Erp, E.M.G.J. de Jong, M. Peppelman, R.J.B. Driessen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

酒渣鼻是一种麻烦的成人皮肤问题, 导致发红、肿块和小疮, 主要是在脸部。其中一个病因是一种称作蠕形螨的微小螨虫。酒渣鼻在女性中更常见, 通常可使用抗生素进行改善, 但可能持续很久。 为了找到更好的治疗, 研究人员需要一种可靠的方法来衡量患者病况的严重程度及其对治疗的应答。这很困难, 因为酒渣鼻在不同人群中的外观和表现不同, 并且外观有许多描述方式。 荷兰的这个团队搜索了医学文献, 查看了已使用的研究。他们分析了 78 项已发表的研究, 这些研究以无创方式(不影响皮肤)评估了皮肤的外观和功能。 很难比较结果, 这是因为研究人员以多种方式表达了这些结果。试验的设计和报告存在缺陷而且结果不一致。已使用许多技术和设备:放大皮肤血管和其他功能的显微镜和皮肤镜; 分析皮肤颜色的计算机程序;检查皮肤不规则性的超声波; 皮肤含水量的电记录; 表面油和酸度的测量; 皮肤血流的激光评估; 测量温度的各种器械。这些技术中的一些只能用于研究, 但某些也可在诊所中使用(如皮肤镜检查)。 其中几个测量显示与酒渣鼻严重程度无明显关系。最有前途的技术包括蠕形螨计数的表面显微镜和用于测量皮肤发红、含水量和水分流失的技术。 This summary relates to the study: 酒渣鼻评估的无创客观皮肤测量方法:一项系统回顾。
Audit-Privilege Laws: The Right to Know Nothing?
Authors: Richard Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In theory, environmental audit-privilege laws grant immunity to companies that uncover environmental problems during self-audits and that take steps to correct them so that information gleaned from such audits cannot be used against the company in a lawsuit. Supporters of audit-privilege laws believe these laws encourage more audits and more disclosures of regulatory violations because of the greatly reduced chances that audit findings will result in penalties. Opponents argue that in actuality, the level of audit activity in states that have audit-privilege or immunity laws is no different from that in the states without them and that companies in states with the laws are no more likely to disclose violations than companies in states without them. In addition, some citizens' groups, as well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, continue to criticize the worst of the audit-privilege laws as measures that protect potential polluters.
Prevalence of Overweight—Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluorescent Light and Its Applications Including Location and Properties of Fluorescent Materials... A Theoretical and Practical Exposition of Fluorescence and Similar Phenomena
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atherosclerotic Disease of the Aortic Arch as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Ischemic Stroke
Authors: The French Study of Aortic Plaques in Stroke Group
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch is found in 60 percent of patients 60 years of age or older who have had brain infarction. The aim of this study was to determine whether atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch are a risk factor for recurrent brain infarction and for vascular events in general (i.e., brain infarction, myocardial infarction, peripheral embolism, and death from vascular causes).
Study on the cDNA synthesis and gene clone of multitarget-ribozyme directed to cleave the three sites of S region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenomic RNA in vitro FS Wang, FLHan, L Jin, H Shi, ZY Lei. Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Infectious Diseases, 26 Feng Tai Road, Beijing 100039 P R China
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The template region of human telomerase RNA is a crucial area for regulating telomerase activity and would be a good target for ribozymes. In fact, potent telomerase inhibitory activity of the ribozyme targeting the GUC sequence of the 5′ end of this region (36-ribosome) has been well demonstrated. To search for a more potent ribozyme, we designed a divalent ribozyme to cleave both the phosphodiester bonds following the GUC and the 23 nucleotides downstream of GUA. An in vitro cleavage study showed that this divalent ribozyme cleaved telomerase RNA more efficiently than the 36-ribozyme or the 59-ribozyme to target the GUA. When this ribozyme was introduced into the carcinoma cells, its inhibitory effect on telomerase activity was less than that of the 36-ribozyme. The 59-ribozyme showed minimum activity on telomerase. This implies that, although the divalent ribozyme possesses a potent cleavage activity on hTR in vitro, the 36-ribozyme is most potent to suppress telomerase activity.
Lack of Effect of Drinking Water Barium on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Robert G. Wones, Betsy L. Stadler, Lawrence A. Frohman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Higher cardiovascular mortality has been associated in a single epidemiological study with higher levels ofbarium in drinking water.The purpose of this study was to determine whether drinking water barium at levels found in some U.S. communities alters the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Eleven healthy men completed a 10-week dose-response protocol in which diet was controlled (600 mg cholesterol; 40 % fat, 40 % carbohydrate, 20 % protein; sodium and potassium controlled at the subject's pre-protocol estimated intake).Other aspects of the subjects' lifestyles known to affect cardiac risk factors were controlled, and the barium content (as barium chloride) of the drinking water (1.5 L/day) was varied from 0 (first 2 weeks), to 5 ppm (next 4 weeks), to 10 ppm (last 4 weeks).Multiple blood and urine samples, morning and evening blood pressure measurements, and 48-hr electrocardiographic monitoring were performed at each dose of barium.There were no changes in morning or evening systolic or diastolic blood pressures, plasma cholesterol or lipoprotein or apolipoprotein levels, serum potassium or glucose levels, or urine catecholamine levels.There were no arrythmias related to barium exposure detected on continuous electrocardiographic monitoring.A trend was seen toward increased total serum calcium levels with exposure to barium, which was of borderline statistical significance and of doubt- ful clinical significance.In summary, drinking water barium at levels of 5 and 10 ppm did not appear to affect any of the known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.