tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HTLV-III infection among health care workers. Association with needle-stick injuries
Authors: S. H. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Health care workers are caring for an increasing number of persons infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), the primary etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We studied 361 health care and clinical laboratory personnel from institutions in several metropolitan areas with both high and moderate levels of HTLV-III infection among high-risk group members to evaluate routes of exposure to and seropositivity for HTLV-III. Protection of the privacy of subjects and prospective determination of risk factors were integral components of the study design. Six (26%) of 23 health care workers with recognized risk factors for AIDS had HTLV-III antibodies. Thirty-nine (14%) of 278 workers at one institution as well as a total of five workers from other institutions reported possible percutaneous exposure to HTLV-III, usually injuries with needles that had been used on AIDS patients. There were three HTLV-III seropositive subjects who reported possible parenteral exposure to HTLV-III but no recognized AIDS risk factors. One was a symptomatic female, subject A, and her apparent sources of HTLV-III exposure were two puncture wounds, without injection of blood, made with needles used on AIDS patients. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III was cultured from her asymptomatic, seronegative long-term sexual partner, apparently representing female-to-male transmission. For the two other seropositive workers (subjects B and C) with nosocomial parenteral exposure, we could not rule out heterosexual transmission as a possible source of HTLV-III exposure. These latter two cases as well as the identification of seropositive health care providers from known risk groups point to the need for thorough case investigation to identify routes of exposure in health care workers. The risk of nosocomial HTLV-III transmission appears to be low and related to percutaneous exposure. Medical personnel should be trained systematically in the proper techniques and handling of instruments for phlebotomy and similar procedures to decrease occupational exposure to HTLV-III. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:2089-2093)
P20: Understanding dermatological concerns in people experiencing homelessness: a scoping review and discussion for improved delivery of care
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2021)

the need for a standardized care pathway to improve the early identification, prevention and treatment of infection in this patient group.As per NCCN recommendations this should include concurrent nasal and skin swabs, mupirocin ointment for nasal S. aureus carriage, routine herpes viral screening and the use of antiseptic techniques such as bleach baths, where appropriate.
Abstract 976: Regulation of breast tumor metastasis by the dynamic interaction between the TMEM macrophage, tumor, and endothelial cells
Authors: Chinmay R. Surve, Allison Harney, Yarong Wang, Xiaoming Chen, Ved Sharma, Richard Stanley, Maja Oktay, John Condeelis
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Tumor cell intravasation is an essential step in the metastatic cascade, but its exact mechanism is not completely understood. We have previously shown that the direct physical association of a tumor cell over-expressing Mena, a perivascular Tie2hi/Vegfhi macrophage and an endothelial cell, forming a cell triad termed “tumor microenvironment of metastasis” (TMEM), increases vascular permeability, facilitating intravasation of tumor cells. It is only at the TMEM site that intravasation occurs leading to breast tumor metastasis. TMEM density is a clinically validated prognostic marker of distant metastasis in breast cancer patients. The precise molecular mechanisms relating TMEM function had not been elucidated. Here we describe the molecular mechanism. We show here that TMEM function involves the three cells in TMEM: firstly endothelial cell-secreted Ang2 stimulates VEGF build up in the TMEM macrophage, secondly a tumor cell secretes CSF1 which, third, stimulates the TMEM macrophage VEGF secretion, leading to vascular opening and metastasis. In addition, we show that acute blockage of CSF1R and Tie2-Ang2 signaling by inhibitors and blocking antibodies both in vitro and in mammary tumors leads to decreased macrophage VEGF production and secretion, decreased trans-endothelial migration of tumor cells, and decreased TMEM-dependent vascular permeability, circulating tumor cells and lung metastases. We conclude that dynamic interaction between the cells associated with TMEM leads to Ang2 and CSF1-mediated stimulation of macrophage VEGF expression and secretion leading to vascular opening, resulting in tumor cell intravasation. This is the first description of the molecular mechanism behind the predictive power of the clinically used prognostic marker TMEM and represents a major step in defining new biomarkers and targets for the treatment of metastatic tumors. Citation Format: Chinmay R. Surve, Allison Harney, Yarong Wang, Xiaoming Chen, Ved Sharma, Richard Stanley, Maja Oktay, John Condeelis. Regulation of breast tumor metastasis by the dynamic interaction between the TMEM macrophage, tumor, and endothelial cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 976.
Drug Advertisements
Authors: A. McK. Simpson-Brass, F. J. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> We evaluated the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of roxadustat versus placebo by analyzing data pooled from three phase 3 studies of roxadustat in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and CKD-related anemia. <h3>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements</h3> In the three phase 3, double-blind studies of roxadustat versus placebo evaluating the treatment of CKD-related anemia in patients not requiring dialysis, the primary efficacy end point was mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy. The primary cardiovascular safety end point was a composite measure of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke). MACE plus (MACE+; MACE plus unstable angina and heart failure requiring hospitalization) and all-cause mortality were key secondary safety end points. These safety end points were adjudicated. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 4277 patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD were randomized (roxadustat, <i>n</i>=2391; placebo, <i>n</i>=1886). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups; the mean (SD) hemoglobin was 9.1 (0.7) g/dl and mean eGFR was 20 (12) ml/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo showed a mean change from baseline in hemoglobin averaged over weeks 28–52, regardless of rescue therapy, of 1.9 versus 0.2 g/dl, a treatment difference of 1.7 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7 to 1.8). Roxadustat reduced the need for red blood cell transfusion in the first 52 weeks versus placebo (6.1 versus 20.4 per 100 patient-exposure years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.32). There were no increased risks of MACE (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.27), MACE+ (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.21), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.26), or individual MACE+ components in patients treated with roxadustat versus those treated with placebo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Roxadustat was more effective than placebo at increasing hemoglobin in patients with non–dialysis-dependent CKD and anemia, while decreasing transfusion rate and being noninferior to placebo with respect to risk of MACE. <h3>Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:</h3> A Study of FG-4592 for the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Receiving Dialysis, NCT01750190; Roxadustat in the Treatment of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Not Requiring Dialysis (ALPS), NCT01887600; Safety and Efficacy Study of Roxadustat to Treat Anemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Not on Dialysis, NCT02174627
Central Nervous System Effects Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: T. Bridge
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Analysis of Aneuploidy in First-Cleavage Mouse Embryos Fertilized in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Lynn R. Fraser, Ian Maudlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

First-cleavage mouse embryos, fertilized in vitro and in vivo, provide ideal material for chromosomal analysis. With the appropriate incubation in a mitotic inhibitor, syngamy is prevented and the sperm- and egg-derived chromosomes remain as separate clusters. Because the latter chromosomes undergo condensation sooner than those from the spermatozoon, the parental source of chromosome sets can be identified even without a marker chromosome. Thus these embryos can be analyzed both for the primary incidence and the parental source of a number of chromosomal anomalies, including aneuploidy. By using fertilization in vitro to obtain the embryos, the synchrony of fertilization and nuclear development is such that 80% or more of the chromosomal preparations are suitable for analysis, compared with about 50% for embryos fertilized in vivo.
Lumbar Spondylosis with Compression of Cauda Equina
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1979 anniversaries
Authors: G Mora
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1980)

In 1979 Mesmer's Mémoire sur la découverte du magnestisme animal appeared in Paris. Although Mesmer believed in physical rather than psychological causes, his work in healing through suggestion marks the beginning of modern psychotherapy. In 1879 several state mental hospitals opened in the United States, amid controversies between the medical profession and the public over the treatment of mental illness. Ernest Jones, a pioneer in the establishment of psychonanalysis and author of the most comprehensive and authoritative biography of Freud, was born that same year.
Platelet von Willebrand factor in Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome
Authors: Laurie P. McKeown, Kristin E. Hansmann, Olga Wilson, William Gahl, Harvey R. Gralnick, Kathryn E. Rosenfeld, Stephen J. Rosenfeld, McDonald K. Horne, Margaret E. Rick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, tissue accumulation of ceroid pigment, and a mild to moderate bleeding diathesis attributed to storage-pool deficient (SPD) platlets. Patients have platelet aggregation and release abnormalities. In addition, low levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen in some HPS patients have been associated with a greater bleeding tendency than would be predicted from either condition alone. Other HPS patients have severe bleeding despite normal levels of plasma vWF, suggesting that at least one additional factor is responsible for their bleeding diathesis. Because platelet vWF levels have been well correlated with clinical bleeding times in patients with von Willebrand's disease, we have measured the platelet vWF activity and antigen levels in 30 HPS patients and have attempted to correlate their clinical bleeding with these values. The platelet vWF activity levels in patients was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (P < 0.0001). The patients as a group also had slightly lower values of plasma vWF activity when compared with normals (P ∼ 0.03). In 11 of the HPS patients, the multimeric structure of plasma vWF showed a decrease in the high molecular weight multimers and an increase in the low molecular weight multimers. In correlating the platelet and plasma vWF values with the bleeding histories, we were not able to show a predictable relationship in the majority of the patients. Am. J. Hematol. 59:115–120, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 1731: Functional genomics approach reveals distinct neo-morphic activities and co-driver mutations of different missense mutant <i>TP53</i> that promote breast cancer heterogeneity and progression
Authors: Anasuya Pal, Anasuya Pal
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Phenotypic and molecular profiling of breast cancer demonstrates a high degree of heterogeneity in the breast tumors. TP53 tumor suppressor is mutated in 30% of all breast tumors and 80% of the basal-like subtype with numerous co-existing somatic mutations in other genes. We hypothesize that tumor heterogeneity is a result of combination of neo-morphic functions of specific TP53 driver mutations and functionally important but distinct co-mutations (or ‘co-drivers’) for each type of TP53 mutation. We thus ectopically expressed 10 most common missense p53 mutant proteins found in breast cancer patients in normal-like mammary epithelial cells and examined their phenotypes associated with various hallmarks of cancer. Supporting our hypothesis, a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell invasion and cell polarity across the 10 mutant cell lines were observed compared to those of WT p53 expressing cells. Integrated analysis of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq showed distinct promoter binding profiles of different p53 mutant proteins, implying that non-canonical transcriptional activity of mutant p53 proteins may contribute to the phenotypic heterogeneity in TP53-mutated tumor. Further, enrichment and model-based pathway analyses revealed the key biological pathways associated with invasion of cells expressing different p53 mutant proteins. As a proof-of-concept for screening co-drivers of mutant p53, when PTEN was deleted in non-invasive cells expressing p53-Y234C mutant using CRISPR-Cas9 system, an increase in cell invasion was observed. A genome-wide CRISPR library-based screen on p53-Y234C and p53-R273C cells identified completely different candidate co-driver mutations that promoted cell invasion. The top candidates included several known mutated genes in breast cancer patients harboring TP53 mutations and were associated with cytoskeletal and apoptosis resistance pathways. Overall, our combined approach of molecular profiling and functional genomics screens highlighted distinct sets of genes and co-driver mutations that can lead to heterogeneous phenotypes and promote aggressive behaviors of cells with different TP53 mutant backgrounds, which can guide development of novel targeted therapies. Citation Format: Anasuya Pal, Anasuya Pal. Functional genomics approach reveals distinct neo-morphic activities and co-driver mutations of different missense mutant TP53 that promote breast cancer heterogeneity and progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1731.
Topical administration of Vitamin A acid for ichthyosiform dermatoses and psoriasis
Authors: P. Frost
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Therapeutic responses to topical administration of preparations containing 0.1% to 0.3% vitamin A acid and control bases applied to contralateral areas of involvement were compared in 26 patients with psoriasis, 8 with ichthyosis vulgaris, 8 with X-linked ichthyosis, 17 with lamellar ichthyosis, and 10 with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Topical administration of vitamin A acid was most effective in psoriasis, lamellar ichthyosis, and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, disorders associated with epidermal cell hyperplasia; it did not appear to be effective in ichthyosis vulgaris. Irritation with higher concentrations of vitamin A acid, which subsided rapidly when the medication was withheld, was the only adverse effect noted.
Perforations of Tympanic Membrane and Tympanoplasty
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contents
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asthma deaths.
Authors: H Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Intramuscular Injection andCoagulation Defects Sit,-I read with interest the remarks of Dr. P. M. Jones (24 June, p. 770) on the danger of intramuscular injections in hae- mophiliacs.The danger also exists-and to a greater extent-in patients receiving anti- coagulant therapy, especally heparin.In haemophiliacs only one system of coagu- lation is disturbed-that is, the intrinsic-
Early Beriberi
Authors: WILLARD S. SARGENT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 April 1931Early BeriberiWILLARD S. SARGENT, Lt. (MC) U. S. N.WILLARD S. SARGENT, Lt. (MC) U. S. N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-10-1340 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBeriberi is a food deficiency disease. It is due to lack of vitamine water-soluble "B" in the diet. It is particularly prevalent in the Orient, Dutch East Indies and Brazil. It occurs mainly in those whose diet is principally or wholly rice, and especially milled rice. In milling, the vitamine-containing portion of the rice is removed. The pericarp and aleurone layer are removed. Beriberi takes some time to develop, perhaps two to three months. It is not contagious. It seems that Wright's and Manson's and Braddon's theories are disproved. It is probably not due to bacteria, protozoa or nitrogen deficiency.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLARD S. SARGENT, Lt. (MC) U. S. N.Affiliations: United States Naval Hospital Agaua Guam PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBeriberi due to a reducing diet 1 April 1931Volume 4, Issue 10Page: 1340-1343KeywordsBacteriaBeriberiDietFood ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...