tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of the Pro12Ala Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ2 Gene on Glucose/Insulin Metabolism Interact With Prenatal Exposure to Famine
Authors: Susanne R. de Rooij, Rebecca C. Painter, David I.W. Phillips, Clive Osmond, Michael W.T. Tanck, Joep C. Defesche, Patrick M.M. Bossuyt, Robert P.J. Michels, Otto P. Bleker, Tessa J. Roseboom
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—An adverse fetal environment may permanently modify the effects of specific genes on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we assessed a possible interaction of the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with prenatal exposure to famine on glucose and insulin metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We measured plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test and determined the PPAR-γ2 genotype among 675 term singletons born around the time of the 1944–1945 Dutch famine. RESULTS—A significant interaction effect between exposure to famine during midgestation and the PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was found on the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. The Ala allele of the PPAR-γ2 gene was associated with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes but only in participants who had been prenatally exposed to famine during midgestation. Similar interactions were found for area under the curve for insulin and insulin increment ratio, which were lower for Ala carriers exposed to famine during midgestation. CONCLUSIONS—The effects of the PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on glucose and insulin metabolism may be modified by prenatal exposure to famine during midgestation. This is possibly due to a combined deficit in insulin secretion, as conferred by pancreatic β-cell maldevelopment and carrier type of the Ala allele in the PPAR-γ2 gene.
Abstract 5264: Metabolic reprogramming with β-alanine to overcome chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Danny Yakoub, Smitha T. Totiger, Alexandra Moran, Sujit Suwal, Julio Pimentel, Lauren O'Donell, Jamie Walls, Nagaraj Nagathihalli, Nipun Merchant
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Increased aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) leading to acidic microenvironment confers chemoresistance to weakly basic Gemcitabine, the standard treatment in Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Metabolomic perturbations in two PDAC cell lines having differential sensitivity to Gemcitabine was investigated by profiling over 40 metabolites using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Notably, a significant decrease in the concentration of β-alanine (βA) was observed in Gem resistant compared to Gem sensitive cell line, suggesting βA may have a role in chemotherapy response. We aimed to evaluate the role of βA supplementation in improving Gem efficacy in Gem resistant cell lines Methods: PDAC Panc-1 cell line extracts treated with Gem with and without βA supplementation were analysed via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Aerobic glycolysis was quantified by measuring extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using the Seahorse XF analyser platform. Global mRNA profiling was done by Next Generation Sequencing. Proliferation, migration and cell cycle analysis was measured by Xcelligence real time cell analysis system and flow cytometry, respectively. PANC-1 and BxPC-3 tumor xenografts treated with Gemcitabine with and without βA for 4 weeks and the tumor volumes and weights were measured. Results: βA supplementation in Gem resistant cells results in: (1) decreased basal glycolytic rate, proton leak and ATP production; (2) increased pyruvate, decreased lactic acid and NAD+ concentrations with decreased LDH-A transcription; also increased carnosine levels with a more basic pH in the conditioned media; (3) enhanced sensitivity to Gem treatment, with a significant reduction in proliferation, cell migration, and increased apoptosis and relative hENt-1 mRNA levels and (5) xenograft tumor volumes and weights were significantly reduced upon βA supplementation. Conclusion: βA supplementation reprograms cell metabolism by normalizing energy production and reducing microenvironment acidification, thus enhancing chemo-sensitivity in Gem resistant PDAC cells and xenografts. βA can be potentially used as a co-therapeutic in PDAC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Danny Yakoub, Smitha T. Totiger, Alexandra Moran, Sujit Suwal, Julio Pimentel, Lauren O'Donell, Jamie Walls, Nagaraj Nagathihalli, Nipun Merchant. Metabolic reprogramming with β-alanine to overcome chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5264.
A multicenter randomized controlled dose study of ursodeoxycholic acid for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: S Takano
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on liver function tests and on bile acid metabolism was investigated in a multi-center randomized controlled dose study for chronic hepatitis C. Twenty, 18 and 19 patients were administered 150, 600 and 900 mg/day, respectively of ursodeoxycholic acid every day for 16 wk. Serum liver parameters and bile acid composition in the treatment groups were compared with 17 control patients. A similarly significant decrease of serum alanine aminotransferase and serum γ-glutamyltransferase was observed in patients administered 600 and 900 mg of ursodeoxycholic acid. Serum bile acid composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. At entry, the relative proportions of major bile acids were similar to those observed in normal individuals. Maximal concentrations of total ursodeoxycholic acid were 0.30 μmol/L, 5.59 μmol/L, 21.42 μmol/L and 14.73 μmol/L in the control, 150, 600 and 900 mg/day groups, respectively. The fraction of the total ursodeoxycholic acid increased in a dose-dependent manner, and it was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.001). The hydrophobicity index of bile acids was calculated by the method of Heuman, and its correlation with serum parameter levels was analyzed. In the 600 and 900 mg/day dose groups, serum alanine aminotransferase decreased in the cases in which hydrophobicity index significantly decreased during treatment. The same correlation was observed between the hydrophobicity index and serum γ = glutamyltransferase in these two groups. There was no correlation between these parameters in the control and 150-mg groups. There was no correlation between reduction rate of serum alanine aminotransferase and initial liver histology. These data suggest that ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 600 mg/day may be effective in improving liver function in patients with chronic hepatitis C. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:558–564).
Die Nase als Reflexorgan des autonomen Nervensystems.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of obstructed balloon catheters
Authors: G. G P Browning
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Failure of a balloon catheter to deflate is not uncommon and prevents its removal.Methods of overcoming the problem include traction, bursting the balloon by overinflation, dissolving it with solvents, puncturing it percutaneously with a needle, or puncturing it with a wire stylet passed through the catheter.All except the last technique have major disadvantages and are of questionable safety.Transcatheter puncture of the balloon was used in 16 patients to remove obstructed balloon catheters without any technical difficulty, distress to the patient, or complication.The procedure is safe, simple, and does not require an anaesthetic.If necessary it could be performed safely by nursing or paramedical staff without the patient having to be admitted to hospital.It is the method of choice for the management of this problem.
Leads from the MMWR. Antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in female prostitutes
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regorafenib improves survival after sorafenib treatment in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation, compared to best supportive care
Authors: Massimo Iavarone, Federica Invernizzi, Claudio Zavaglia, Marco Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Miguel Fraile, Carolin Czauderna, Giuseppe Di Costanzo, Sherrie Bhoori, Matthias Pinter, Matteo Angelo Manini, Giuliana Amaddeo, Ainhoa Fernandez, Federico Pinero, Maria Jose Blanco Rodriguez, Maria Margarita Anders, Gabriel Alejandro Aballay Soteras, Gerda Elisabeth Villadsen, Lucia Cesarini, Stefano Mazza, Álvaro Díaz-Gonzázlez, Maria Luisa Gonzalez Dieguez, Raffaella Tortora, Arndt Weinmann, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Mario Romero, Gonzalo Crespo, Helene Regnault, Massimo De Giorgio, Maria Varela, Maria Francesca Donato, Marcus-Alexander Worns, Jordi Bruix, Pietro Lampertico, María Reig
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Status Epilepticus
Authors: Daniel H. Lowenstein, Brian K. Alldredge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

A patient in status epilepticus has continuous or rapidly repeating seizures. Although the danger of this pattern of seizure activity has been recognized since antiquity, our understanding of the pathophysiology of status epilepticus is incomplete. The frequency of cases in the United States is approximately 102,000 to 152,000 per year, and roughly 55,000 deaths are associated with status epilepticus annually.1 Twelve to 30 percent of adult patients with a new diagnosis of epilepsy first present in status epilepticus.2,3 This review focuses on generalized status epilepticus, which is the most common form of the disorder.1,4 This is a life-threatening . . .
Hermaphroditism, Related Abnormalities Classified
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autotransfusion for surgery: a comeback?
Authors: M. Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A new follow-up study of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery for angina pectoris indicates an "attrition" rate averaging 7% annually in the five years following the first postoperative year. The investigators, from the Montreal Heart Institute, defined attrition in two ways: the recurrence of pain in patients who have not experienced it since surgery, or an increase in anginal severity by at least two functional classes. Lucien Campeau, MD, who presented the data at the American Heart Association meeting in Dallas, said that other investigators have reported attrition rates ranging from 5% to 20%, depending on the definition of deterioration and the methods of calculations used. He said that the Montreal data do not argue against aortocoronary bypass grafting for angina if medical treatment yields a less than satisfactory degree of activity for the patient. It is important, he told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS, that the patient take part
Urology
Authors: Fletcher H. Colby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE most frequent conditions treated by the urologist are those of the prostate and bladder. With the increased life expectancy that has taken place during the past twenty years, many more men reach the age when prostatic enlargement is likely to occur. The treatment of the obstructing prostate, therefore, deserves increasing consideration. Carcinoma of the bladder has always been a difficult problem, and its treatment in the past has not been too satisfactory. Some progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of both these diseases. Retropubic Prostatectomy Two years ago an entirely new procedure for the relief of . . .
THE RESUSCITATION OF THE HEART
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
One Life
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

So-called autobiographies frequently are not that at all, but have a ghost-writer who usually remains anonymous. This book strays from that pattern, and in a commendably honest gesture Mr. Pepper is credited as an author. Whether the entire book is as honest as its title page, only Christiaan Barnard knows. The important parts of an autobiography are not the various incidents of public record—who said what, who published what, who did what first—which anyone can determine; rather, the autobiography must illuminate its subject's motivations, not how he reacted to an event, but why. <i>One Life</i>explains many of the "whys" of Barnard. Unfortunately, the account ends with the death of Louis Washkansky, so that we do not learn Barnard's reactions to being suddenly famous and infamous. Yet his divorce, which occurred later than the book's scope, is anticipated tastefully and with considerable literary skill. One appealing feature of<i>One Life</i>
THE NATURE AND FOOD VALUE OF BEER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatology highlights
Authors: Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. They exist as membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum bound to SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). When cholesterol binds to SCAP, it retains SREBPs in the endoplasmic reticulum; in the absence of cholesterol, SCAP escorts SREBPs to the Golgi, where resident proteases cleave the SREBPs releasing active or mature forms that translocate to the nucleus. SREBP-1c controls fatty acid, and SREBP2 controls cholesterol synthesis genes. Leptin-deficient ob/ob mice have increased hepatic triglyceride and SREBP-1c messenger RNA. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to decrease SREBP-1 expression. Therefore, Sekiya and colleagues used fish oil to study the effect of PUFAs on hepatic steatosis and SREBP-1 in ob/ob mice. PUFA feeding markedly decreased mature SREBP-1 protein but had no effect on precursor membrane form, messenger RNA, or SREBP-2 expression. Decreased mature SREBP-1 was accompanied by decreased expression of its target genes (fatty acid synthesis), decreased hepatic triglycerides, and serum alanine aminotransferase. Using a transgenic animal that constitutively expresses mature SREBP-1, fish oil still decreased hepatic triglyceride, suggesting that it has additional effects independent of down-regulation of SREBP-1c. However, eicosapentaenoic acid feeding did not down-regulate steatosis in these transgenic animals. PUFAs also ameliorated insulin resistance, possibly by serving as peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)α ligands. Previous work showed that double SREBP-1/leptin–deficient mice are protected from fatty liver but still have decreased insulin sensitivity, so SREBP-1 down-regulation by PUFAs does not account for PUFA-induced decreased insulin resistance. This work suggests that PUFA therapy may be beneficial for the prevention or treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, both by inhibiting SREBP-1 activation and hepatic steatosis and by ameliorating insulin resistance. This suggestion must be tempered by the fact that others have shown that PUFAs worsen alcoholic liver injury. In addition, it will be of interest to elucidate the mechanism by which PUFAs decrease the production of mature SREBP-1c while sparing SREBP-2. (See HEPATOLOGY 2003;38:1529–1539.)
The relationship between methodological quality and conclusions in reviews of spinal manipulation
Authors: W. J. Assendelft
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the relationship between the methodological quality and other characteristics of reviews of spinal manipulation for low back pain on the one hand and the reviewers' conclusions on the effectiveness of manipulation on the other hand. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Reviews identified by MEDLINE search, citation tracking, library search, and correspondence with experts. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —English- or Dutch-language reviews published up to 1993 dealing with spinal manipulation for low back pain that include at least two randomized clinical trials (RCTs). <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Methodological quality was assessed using a standardized criteria list applied independently by two assessors (range, 0% to 100%). Other extracted characteristics were the comprehensiveness of the search, selective citation of studies, language, inclusion of non-RCTs, type of publication, reviewers' professional backgrounds, and publication in a spinal manipulation journal or book. The reviewers' conclusions were classified as negative, neutral, or positive. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —A total of 51 reviews were assessed, 17 of which were neutral and 34 positive. The methodological quality was low, with a median score of 23%. Nine of the 10 methodologically best reviews were positive. Other factors associated with a positive reviewers' conclusion were review of spinal manipulation only, inclusion of a spinal manipulator in the review team, and a comprehensive literature search. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The majority of the reviews concluded that spinal manipulation is an effective treatment for low back pain. Although, in particular, the reviews with a relatively high methodological quality had a positive conclusion, strong conclusions were precluded by the overall low quality of the reviews. More empirical research on the review methods applied to other therapies in other professional fields is needed to further explore our findings about the factors related to a positive reviewers' conclusion. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1942-1948)