tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic hepatitis D virus infection with low and high doses of interferon-α2a: Utility of polymerase chain reaction in monitoring antiviral response
Authors: A Madejón
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We examined the efficacy of decreasing high doses (beginning at 18 MU/day) of interferon-α2a vs. that of daily low doses (3 MU) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus infection. Patients treated with 18 MU had a somewhat higher frequency of normalization of serum ALT levels than patients treated with low doses (31% and 12%, respectively, on an intention-to-treat basis). A decrease in the percentage of hepatitis D virus RNA positivity was observed in both groups at the end of treatment. Thus, whereas in baseline samples 10 (62%) of the patients in each group were positive for hepatitis D virus RNA in serum on slot-blot hybridization, these numbers decreased to 5 (31%) and 4 (25%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, at the end of therapy. However, hepatitis D virus RNA, detected by means of nested polymerase chain reaction, remained in all but two (one in each group) patients who completed the treatment. Finally, during posttreatment follow-up, hepatitis D virus RNA levels returned to baseline values, and only one patient remained negative for this marker. The beneficial effect of inter-feron-a was only transient. Only two patients (one from each treatment group) had persistently normal serum ALT levels after 18 mo of follow-up. Finally, the presence of serum hepatitis D virus RNA at the end of therapy, detected with nested polymerase chain reaction, might be a good marker for the prediction of viral replication relapse. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1331–1336.)
Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 2006 to 2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study.
Authors: Christina Fitzmaurice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

1568 Background: Increasing burden due to cancer poses a threat to human development, which has resulted in global political commitments reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals as well as the WHO Global Action Plan on NCDs. To determine if these commitments have resulted in improved cancer control, quantitative assessments of the cancer burden are required. In the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2016 we assessed the cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in order to provide a framework for policy discussion, resource allocation, and research focus. Methods: Cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability adjusted life years were analyzed for 195 countries from 2006 to 2016 using the GBD estimation methods. Levels and trends were analyzed over time, and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Changes in incident cases were decomposed into changes due to the epidemiological versus the demographic transition. Results: In 2016, there were 17.2 million cancer cases worldwide and 8.9 million deaths. Incident cases increased by 28% between 2006 and 2016. The smallest increase was seen in high-SDI countries. Aging contributed 17%, population growth 12%, and changes in age-specific rates -1% to this change. The most common cancer globally for men was prostate cancer (1.4 million). The leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (1.2 million deaths and 25.4 million DALYs). For women, the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer deaths and DALYs was breast cancer (1.7 million cases, 535 000 deaths and 14.9 million DALYs). Between 2006 and 2016, the average annual age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers increased in 154 of 285 countries. The average annual age-standardized death rates for all cancers decreased in 221 of 285 countries. Conclusions: Large disparities exist between countries in cancer burden. Scaling up cancer prevention and ensuring universal access to cancer care are required for health equity and to fulfill the global commitments for NCDs and cancer control.
Genetic Interactions of the Androgen and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways for the Masculinization of External Genitalia
Authors: Shinichi Miyagawa, Yoshihiko Satoh, Ryuma Haraguchi, Kentaro Suzuki, Taisen Iguchi, Makoto M. Taketo, Naomi Nakagata, Takahiro Matsumoto, Ken-ichi Takeyama, Shigeaki Kato, Gen Yamada
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

In most mammals, the sexually dimorphic development of embryos is typically achieved by the differentiation of the external genitalia. Hence, the sexual distinction of mammalian newborns is based on the external genital structure. Although it was shown in the 1940s and 1950s that androgen from the testes establishes the male sexual characteristics, the involvement of nongonadal and locally produced masculine effectors remains totally unknown. It is noteworthy that the disorders of fetal masculinization, including hypospadias, one of the most frequent birth defects, occur at a high frequency. Furthermore, their causative factors remain unclear. In this study, the involvement of the coordinated actions of androgen and the growth factor systems was genetically analyzed for the first time on mammalian reproductive organ formation. The results demonstrated that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is indispensable masculine factor for the external genital development. The bilateral mesenchymal region adjacent to the urethral plate epithelium displayed a sexually dimorphic activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Loss- and gain-of-function β-catenin mutants displayed altered sexual development of the external genitalia. These results indicate the novel functions of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a locally expressed masculine effector. This could be the first genetic study analyzing the roles of the genetic interactions between androgen and locally expressed growth factor signaling during the development of reproductive organs. These results also shed new insight on the reproductive genetics and the causative factors of genital disorders.
Incorrect Statement.
Journal: JAMA (1996)

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Arginine: an unusual dietary requirement of pre-B lymphocytes?
Authors: T. W. LeBien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: bone marrow (BM); B cell receptor (BCR); Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk); B cell linker protein (BLNK); stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1); µ heavy chains/surrogate
Subclinical Hyperthyroidism
Journal: JAMA (1996)

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Chlorpropamide Antidiuresis
Authors: Laurence E. Earley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

In 1966 Arduino, Ferraz and Rodrigues1 reported that chlorpropamide has an antidiuretic effect in patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus, and suggested that the agent may be useful as adjunctive or alternative therapy in this disorder. This unexpected action was uncovered when a patient with polyuria due to diabetes insipidus treated himself with the oral hypoglycemic agent because ot a presumable diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Since then an effect of chlorpropamide to reduce water excretion in patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus has been confirmed in a number of reports,2 and the mechanism of the antidiuretic effect has been the subject of . . .
Tuberous Sclerosis
Authors: H. Paul Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The failure to mention eye findings in Bourneville's disease in the otherwise excellent article by Duvoisin and Vinson inThe Journal(<b>175</b>:869, 1961) indicates that this is both infrequently present and insignificant in the diagnosis of this disease. While it is true that Earl (1932) observed only one case with eye manifestations in 29 cases, Van der Hoeve (1920-1932) was able to collect 26 cases, indicating that eye complications would be much more frequently found if they were looked for. The more or less typical raw-potato—like appearance of these spherical bodies in the vitreous is such that ophthalmoscopic diagnosis is possible. The 3 phakomytoses are easily distinguishable from each other; the only condition giving much differential diagnostic difficulty is hyaloid degeneration of the disc, which, of course, has no systemic manifestations. Since Von Hippel-Lindau's disease is vascular, it is easily ruled out.
Illness
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF ATYPICAL EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION IN RELATION TO CARCINOMA.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

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Section 28.—Low Back Derangement
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thymus hormones.
Journal: BMJ (1977)

motions do not return completely to normal on a sucrose-free diet may be offered starch restriction.Sucrose malabsorption may not be as rare as has been assumed, even outside Greenland.A large paediatric gastro- enterology clinic may expect to identify three to four new families every year.9Certainly the diagnosis has been over- looked in children with chronic diarrhoea.In 1973 the delay in diagnosis in six children varied from one to eight years,7 and in 1977 another study found delays of up to four years with as many as six inconclusive hospital admissions in one patient.8In view of the modern tendency to give sucrose to very young babies, who are the least able to tolerate it, early diagnosis is important, for treatment leads to an increase in weight and height8 that is vital for the child's development in the long run.The condition should not be left for the child to "grow out of."In adults the syndrome does not rate the same importance, but it should be remembered as a possible cause of refractory diarrhoea which may even appear for the first time after puberty."' 1'
Efficacy of adjuvant vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFRi) in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC): Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Tobias Engel Ayer Botrel, Luciano Paladini, Otávio Clark, Luciana Clark, Bruna Pegoretti Rosa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e16573 Background: the objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing efficacy of adjuvant VEGFRi in locally advanced, non-metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Several databases were searched, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL. We included studies that compared VEGFRi against placebo or no treatment. Analyzed endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and side effects. The data extracted from the studies were combined by using Hazard Ratio (HR) or Risk Ratio (RR) with their corresponding Confidence Intervals of 95% (CI95%). Results: Overall, 115 references were identified and screened. The final analysis included 3 trials comprising 4,096 patients. The PFS was higher in patients who received VEGFRi (HR = 0.91, CI95% = 0.82 to 1.00; p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity (Chi2 = 4.71, df = 3 (P = 0.19); I2 = 36%). However, when the analysis is performed by the random-effects model no significant difference is seen (HR = 0.90, CI95% = 0.80 to 1.02; p = 0.1). Overall survival not was statistically higher in patients who received VEGFR inhibitors (HR = 1.06, CI95% = 0.90 to 1.25; p = 0.5), with no heterogeneity (Chi2 = 0.95, df = 2 (P = 0.62); I2 = 0%). Regarding adverse events, haematological toxicities (grade ≥ 3) the group receiving VEGFRi had higher rates of neutropenia (fixed effect: RR = 0.98; CI95% = 0.97 to 0.99; p < 0.00001) and thrombocytopenia (fixed effect: RR = 0.98; CI95% = 0.98 to 0.99; p < 0.0001). The non-haematological toxicities reported were also were more frequent in the groups receiving VEGFRi. Conclusions: Adjuvant VEGFRi did not increase the overall survival of patients with non-metastatic RCC. With respect to progression-free survival benefits of adjuvant VEGFR inhibitors remain uncertain.
Administrative medicine
Authors: J. E. Ott
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Advances in administrative medicine based on the following assumptions will provide many opportunities for physician managers: (1) alternative approaches to a national health system are needed that will foster competition instead of regulation, improve access to health care, and moderate increases in costs; (2) staff, group, or network model health maintenance organizations, which are part of a broader-based competitive medical organization (CMO), will be the quality, low-cost health care provision system; (3) it will be increasingly difficult for loosely affiliated individual practice associations and managed indemnity plans to control costs; and (4) physician managers, who are quality advocates and educators, will play a critical role in integrating managed care and CMOs. The Health Insurance Association of America and Blue Cross/Blue Shield recently reported that their managed care business increased from less than 1% to 25% and 28.9%, respectively, in the last decade.<sup>1,2</sup>A Foster Higgins report indicated that growth
Lifitegrast (Xiidra) for Dry Eye Disease
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Miss Gina
Authors: Adria Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1990)

I saw her every time I went to the hospital cafeteria. She looked ready for a stage performance, her silver hair in careful curls, a large, crisp bow (which always matched her dress) crowning her head. I guessed she was 90 years old, judging from her thin face and crinkled eyelids. She always had a bowl of soup and a roll, holding her spoon delicately, gazing at the people around her. She never seemed to notice me, the young intern who stared at her puffed sleeves and white lace gloves. She dressed as someone would have been fashionably attired in the 1920s, and her clothes were clean, pressed, and in fine condition. One day I asked the cafeteria cashier about her. Oh yes, came the answer, Miss Gina had been an actress in the 20s; she had even sung regularly in nightclubs. She took all her meals in the hospital
Folate deficiency and cervical dysplasia
Authors: C. E. Butterworth
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test the hypothesis that nutritional deficiency affects the incidence of cervical dysplasia in young women. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Case-control study. Participants were derived from community family-planning clinics and referrals to a colposcopy center. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 726 subjects were screened, yielding 294 cases of dysplasia and 170 controls defined by coexistent cytologic and colposcopic evidence. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Planned prior to data collection. Odds ratios were computed using logistic regression models to evaluate association between cervical dysplasia and sociodemographic, sexual, and reproductive factors; smoking; oral contraceptive use; human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; and 12 nutritional indices determined by blind analysis of nonfasting blood specimens. <h3>Results.</h3> —The number of sexual partners, parity, oral contraceptive use, and HPV-16 infection were significantly associated with cervical dysplasia. Plasma nutrient levels were generally not associated with risk. However, red blood cell folate levels at or below 660 nmol/L interacted with HPV-16 infection. The adjusted odds ratio for HPV-16 was 1.1 among women with folate levels above 660 nmol/L but 5.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 11) among women with lower levels. Interactions of red blood cell folate levels with cigarette smoking and parity were also present but were not statistically significant. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Low red blood cell folate levels enhance the effect of other risk factors for cervical dysplasia and, in particular, that of HPV-16 infection. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:528-533)