tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Independent Medical Service
Journal: BMJ (1965)

bewitching a client to death.Furthermore, suggestions of death directly implanted into the impressionable minds of young children may well prove to be particularly harmful and even disastrous, as the " Labrador case " (7 August, p. 363) so tragically illustrates.In order to collect information with a view to possible further exploration of this sub- ject, I would be interested to investigate a sample of fortune-tellers in this country who would be prepared to submit their forecasting methods to critical exposition.Secondly, I would be interested to hear from any doctor who knows of patients with anxieties resulting from foreknowledge, death premonitions, or taboo-and would welcome facts about any other patients who may have been scared or scared themselves to death.It would, of course, be essential to compare the reports with cases in which the predicted occurrence of death at a certain time was not fulfilled.Thirdly, I would like to be acquainted with the findings of any similar research which may possibly have already been undertaken on this interesting topic.-Iam, etc.,
High-Level Expression of the T Cell Chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells in Nurselike Cell Co-Cultures and in Response to BCR Stimulation.
Authors: Jan A. Burger, Matthias Niedermeier, Andrea Bürkle, Elena Hartmann, William G. Wierda, Michael J. Keating, Andreas Rosenwald
Journal: Blood (2007)
Marijuana
Authors: Shahla Modir, John Tsuang
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term Efficacy of Bivalirudin and Provisional Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockade vs Heparin and Planned Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockade During Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: REPLACE-2 Randomized Trial—Correction
Authors: H Grossman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

The question of whether surveillance reduces bladder cancer mortality is important but outside the scope of our study.The answer to this question can only be resolved with a very large study and long-term follow-up.Nevertheless, the finding that a T2 tumor was initially missed, then detected on short-term follow-up, suggests that vigilant surveillance will improve the survival of some patients.Neither cytology nor the NMP22 test are perfect.False-negative and falsepositive tests do occur.Both tests can be used as an adjunct to cystoscopy to increase the detection of bladder cancer.Cytology is highly user-dependent, has low sensitivity, and is moderately expensive.In response to Drs Eggener and Herr, most published sensitivity rates for voided cytology are from single sites.Our study included 23 clinical sites across the United States, with urine cytology analyzed according to standard practice at the participating institutions.The sensitivity in this study reflects the variability and subjectivity of cytology.The NMP22 test is objective, pointof-care, less expensive, and has higher sensitivity but slightly lower specificity.All tests vary in performance.Using urinebased markers effectively requires knowing their test characteristics and defining the type of information to be obtained from them. 3,4
Undergraduate medical education
Authors: A. E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>MEDICAL SCHOOLS</h3><h3>Accreditation</h3> The official accrediting body for educational programs leading to the MD degree is the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which is listed for this purpose by the US Secretary of Education and recognized by the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation. (For membership in the LCME, see Appendix I.) The criteria by which the LCME accredits such programs in the United States, and in Canada in cooperation with the Committee for the Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools (CACMS), are published in two separate but related documents: "Functions and Structure of a Medical School" and "Special Criteria for Programs in the Basic Medical Sciences." Copies of these documents are available from the LCME Office, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610, or 1 Dupont Circle NW, Washington, DC 20036. <h3>Accredited Programs in Medical Education</h3> As of July 1, 1984, there were 124 US programs and 16 Canadian programs fully
Recently Observed Facts Relative to the Pathology of the Prostate
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1861)

and a roller was applied round the chest.Low diet was ordered.Vespere.He had considerable pain in the side, with some dyspncea.Pulse 104, full.He was ordered to be bled to sixteen ounces; and to have a pill of three grains of calomel, a grain of opium, and a third of a grain of tartar emetic; also, every three hours, an ounce of saline mixture with an eighth of a grain of tartar emetic.April 7th.He got no sleep at night, though, tbrouigh a mistake, he took several of the above pills.The pain in the side was rather less.Pulse 96, and less full; tongue moist; no dyspncea; respiratory sound over wounded lung quite natural.April 8th.He had some sleep at intervals during the night.He had no pain whatever in breathing, and the emphysema had not extended.The bowels were not open.The mixture made him very sick.It was ordered to be omitted, and an effervescing saline draught given every three hours instead.An aperient draught was ordered to be taken immediately.April 9th.The wound made by the ball was looking healthy; that for its extraction had nearly healed.The respiration was good.April 14th.He had gone on well up to the present date; but on the previous night he got no sleep, and now complained of pain in his side.There was also a copious discharge of thin sanious fluid from the wound, made by the ball, which looked rather sloughy, and its edges were inflamed.No bagginess could be felt be- hind at the place wlhence the ball was extracted.Pulse 120; tongue furred.He was ordered to have a linseedneal poultice applied to the wound, and to be removed into a smaller and quieter ward.April 15th.He passed a tolerable night, felt verv weak, and had no appetite.Pulse 104.He was or- dered to have ten minims of liquor opii sedativus every night, and half a pint of porter daily.Apiil 22rd.The discharge from the wound was less in quantity.He took meat and porter daily.He was ordered to take quinine mixture three times daily.April 20th.There was some dulness on percussion on the right side posteriorly, and metallic tinkling was occasionally heard.He had no dyspnwa nor ex- as would have been the case at this age in healtl.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Dermatitis Treatment in FLG and TSLP Genotypes 275Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common infl ammatory skin disorder among children.Therapeutic options include topical steroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs).Loss of function (LOF) mutations in the FLG gene and genetic variants of the interleukin 7-like cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) each demonstrate an association with AD severity and persistence.In this cohort study, Chang et al demonstrate that children with 2 FLG LOF alleles were less likely to experience skin clearance and use steroids, while TSLP rs1898671 homozygotes were less likely to report TCI use.The number of LOF alleles or single-nucleotide polymorphisms were more important than the absolute presence of these variants.
One approach to vaccine need—'home production'
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Apolipoprotein E4 genotype and gallbladder motility influence speed of gallstone clearance and risk of recurrence after extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
Authors: P Portincasa
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is an effective treatment in selected gallstone patients, but stone recurrence is a major drawback. Factors potentially influencing gallstone clearance and recurrence were studied in 84 patients in whom stone dissolution was diagnosed after ESWL plus bile salt therapy for initial solitary (n = 55) or multiple (n = 29) radiolucent stones. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotyping and gallbladder motility (sonography) were studied in a representative subgroup of patients (n = 50). The median follow-up after ESWL was 36 months (range, 4.5-67 months). Gallstone clearance was achieved after 8.7 months (range, 0.2-30 months). Independent factors significantly enhancing gallstone clearance were the presence of E4 allele; small initial gallstone size and number; effectiveness of fragmentation; and good gallbladder emptying (P = .002). Gallstone recurrence was seen in 30 patients after 18.6 months (range, 1.0-50 months). Cumulative gallstone recurrence rate (life-table analysis) was 15% within 1 year, increasing to 60% within 5.5 years. Although the probability of gallstone recurrence tended to be smaller in patients with initial solitary stones than in those with multiple stones during early follow-up, differences disappeared after long-term follow-up. Effective gallbladder emptying (residual volume < or = 6 mL) and apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) independently influenced gallstone recurrence. Recurrence rate was higher (log rank test, P = .037) in those patients who were homozygous and heterozygous for the E4 allele compared with the individuals who were not expressing the apoE4 allele. Accordingly, there was an overrepresentation of the allele frequency for E4 in the group with gallstone recurrence (P = .03). Patients with small postprandial residual gallbladder volumes (≤ 6 mL) had a lower probability of stone recurrence than those with large residual gallbladder volumes (log rank test, P = .0215). Biliary pain was more frequent with recurrence (55% vs. 13%, P = .001). The present study indicates that apoE4 genotype is associated with increased speed of gallstone clearance as well as a high risk of recurrence after ESWL. This finding points to a possible role for genetic factors in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Effective gallbladder emptying is important for speed of clearance and prevention of recurrence. Patients with initial solitary stones have a decreased early- but not long-term gallstone recurrence rate.
Immune Neutropenia
Authors: ALTON L. LIGHTSEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A patient with hyperthyroidism and severe neutropenia had a clinical course and family history that suggested an immune cause. Neutrophil-binding IgG was demonstrated in serum using the Fab-anti Fab assay. The antineutrophil factor bound specifically to either homologous or autologous neutrophils and could be adsorbed by the target neutrophils. The quantity of IgG required to saturate the neutrophil-binding sites (175 000 molecules per neutrophil) and the serum concentration (1.3 mug/ml) were determined. It was estimated that at the time that blood and marrow neutrophils were markedly reduced, serum contained sufficient neutrophil-binding IgG to saturate the binding sites of 1.2 times the total blood neutrophil pool.
The varied ultrasonic character of gallbladder tumor
Authors: M. Crade
Journal: JAMA (1979)

TUMOR of the gallbladder is rarely diagnosed preoperatively,<sup>1</sup>since clinical presentation and roentgenographic findings are generally indistinguishable from those of cholecystitis. Indeed, even at the time of surgery, the diagnosis is often missed because of surrounding inflammation.<sup>2</sup> The roentgenographic demonstration of a calcified wall or an irregular mural lesion on an oral cholecystogram should raise clinical suspicion of a tumor.<sup>3</sup>As illustrated by the case reports, ultrasound has also proved useful in preoperative identification of patients with gallbladder neoplasm. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 70-year-old jaundiced woman with vomiting and a 4.5-kg weight loss was found to have a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant and gastric outlet obstruction on plain abdominal roentgenograms. Ultrasound demonstrated a complex mass in the gallbladder fossa, without defining the lumen. Bile duct dilation was also noted (Fig 1). An adenocarcinoma obliterating the gallbladder and causing biliary obstruction was discovered
Hyponatremia
Authors: Paul G. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Dr. Berman, "Serum Sodium," (227:1063, 1974) stressed several points necessary to understand and determine the cause of hyponatremia. His classification is yet another effort to simplify this problem and aid the clinician, but some objections must be raised to statements made that are misleading and do not represent the pathophysiology that is responsible. First, the term "dilutional," though apparently accepted, is inappropriate, since nearly all hyponatremia is a dilution, a decrease in the ratio of sodium to water in the plasma. It cannot be a separate category, for it applies to the hyponatremia in inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and drug-induced hyponatremia as well as that in edematous states. Second, the term "dehydration" is another accepted and misleading misnomer. Dehydration means lack of water, implies nothing about salt balance, and should be reserved for situations truly characterized by a dominant lack of water, diagnosable
Abstract P138: The Association of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure With Left Atrial Structure and Function in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Thomas Austin, Bharath Ambale Venkatesh, Colleen Sitlani, Sara Lindström, Bruce M Psaty, Joao A Lima, Joel D Kaufman, Susan R Heckbert
Journal: Circulation (2020)

Air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Acute exposure is associated with episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF), and long-term exposure may influence ventricular mass and volume. However, little is understood about the relationship between long-term pollution exposure and atrial structure and function, which may influence risk of AF and heart failure. We sought to determine the association of long-term exposure to oxides of nitrogen (NO X ), particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ), and ozone (O 3 ) with left atrial structure (LA) and function, as measured by LA volume, emptying fraction, and peak longitudinal strain. In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a longitudinal study of 6,814 participants in six United States communities, we used estimated 5-year average exposure to PM 2.5 , NO X , and O 3 prior to outcome measurement from validated hierarchical spatio-temporal models developed from extensive monitoring of MESA participants. Left atrial measures were calculated from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging occurring between 2010 and 2012. Linear regression was used, adjusting for MESA study site and potential confounding characteristics. In 2,250 MESA participants, 5-year average exposure to PM 2.5 , NO X , and O 3 varied greatly by study site and was not associated with LA volume, emptying fraction, or peak longitudinal strain. Results were particularly sensitive to adjustment for study site, suggesting that there was substantial unmeasured confounding by US city/region. Using recently developed study-specific exposure estimation and highly accurate imaging, we did not find evidence to suggest an association between long-term exposure to several common pollutants and measures of left atrial structure and function. Additional analyses in areas of higher pollution may be useful in determining whether associations are consistent across exposure levels.
Comparison of HIV-antibody prevalence in patients consenting to and declining HIV-antibody testing in an STD clinic
Authors: H. F. Hull
Journal: JAMA (1988)

All patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic were offered voluntary, anonymous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—antibody testing and counseling as part of routine clinical evaluation. During a three-month evaluation period, 82% of patients accepted HIV testing. Testing was accepted equally by men and women and by heterosexual and homosexual men. Black men were more likely to refuse testing than men from other ethnic groups. Eight (0.7%) of 1146 STD clinic patients tested were infected with HIV. A blinded study of 237 patients who refused testing identified nine (3.8%) additional HIVinfected patients. Men who refused testing were 5.3 times more likely to be infected than men who accepted testing. Male homosexuals and black and Hispanic men who refused testing were 7.3 and 8.8 times, respectively, more likely to be infected with HIV than were their counterparts who accepted testing. Human immunodeficiency virus testing and counseling should be routinely offered to STD clinic patients. Male STD clinic patients, especially homosexual or minority men, who refuse voluntary HIV testing should be counseled regarding reducing their risk for HIV transmission. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:935-938)
Surgery
Authors: Arthur E. Baue
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To Montaigne's three disclaimers, a present-day rejoinder can be added: "That is very interesting, but it doesn't pertain to my specialty." One of the prices of scientific and technical advances in the operative disciplines is that they lead to increased fragmentation of the body surgical, or of the body, by surgeons. This yearly contribution usually brings out comments by various keepers of the specialty keys, comments and concerns as to why their specialty is not represented, why advances in that specialty were not described more fully, or why a separate section is not written by a bona fide, card-carrying member of their union. Perhaps each surgical specialty should have its own separate section. Some feel, however, that there is considerable commonality of purpose among the operative disciplines so that an overview by a surgeon that includes all areas of surgery is appropriate and not detrimental to, critical of, or detracting
Alveolar Macrophage Interaction with Air Pollution Particulates
Authors: Carroll-Ann Goldsmith, Charles Frevert, Amy Imrich, Constantinos Sioutas, Lester Kobzik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

We applied flow cytometric analysis to characterize the in vitro response of alveolar macrophages (AM) to air pollution particulates.Normal hamster AM were incubated with varying concentrations of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or concentrated ambient air particulates (CAP).We found a dose- dependent increase in AM-associated right angle light scatter (RAS) after uptake of ROFA (e.g., mean channel number 149.4 ± 6.5, 102.5 ± 4.1, 75.8 ± 3.5, and 61 .0 ± 4.6 at 200, 100, 50, and 25 mg/ml, respectively) or CAP.A role for scavenger-type receptors (SR) in AM uptake of components of ROFA and CAP was identified by marked inhibition of RAS increases in AM pretreated with the specific SR inhibitor polyinosinic acid.We combined measurement of particle uptake (RAS) with flow cytometric analysis of intracellular oxidation of dichlorofluorescin.Both ROFA and CAP caused a dose-related intracellular oxidant stress within AM, comparable to that seen with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (e.g., fold increase over control, 6.6±0.4,3.6±0.4,4.6 ± 0.5, 200 mg/ml ROFA, 100 mg/ml ROFA, and 10-7 M PMA, respectively).We conclude that flow cytometry of RAS increases provides a useful relative measurement of AM uptake of complex particulates within ROFA and CAP.Both ROFA and CAP cause substantial intracellular oxidant stress within AM, which may contribute to subsequent cell activation and production of proinflammatory mediators.
The Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ2 P12A Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes in an Arab Population
Authors: Salma M Wakil, Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Osama Alsmadi, Faiqa Imtiaz, Pamela Carroll, Mohammed Rajab, Shaden Al-Katari, Mohammed Al-Katari, Brian F. Meyer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)
The Department of Health's research governance framework remains an impediment to multi-centre studies: findings from a national descriptive study
Authors: Tara Kielmann, Alison Tierney, Rosemary Porteous, Guro Huby, Aziz Sheikh, Hilary Pinnock
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Objective We describe our experience of using the standard application form, designed to streamline applications for multicentre research, to seek approval from all primary care organizations (PCOs) in England and Wales to undertake a single telephone interview with a health service manager. Design We sent applications ( n=316), by email to each PCO, or consortium of PCOs, attaching a completed standard application form, the 15 required documents, and the approval we had been granted by the lead NHS organization. We maintained detailed records of the responses to our application, subsequent correspondence, additional paperwork requested, and time spent on the approval process. Setting The UK Research Governance Framework, which regulates all research conducted in health and social care settings. Participants All PCOs in England and Wales. Interventions None. Main outcome measures Time taken to obtain approval to undertake a telephone interview with a health service manager. Results We were unable to establish contact with 13 (4%) PCOs. Six months after submitting our application we had received approval from 259/316 (82%) PCOs and were still awaiting a verdict from 41 (13%). The median time to approval was 56 days (IQR 42-72). Overall, an estimated 318 staff-hours were spent completing supplementary forms, providing additional information and chasing up dormant applications. Conclusions Recent initiatives to ‘streamline’ research governance approval have failed to address the problems that face researchers undertaking multi-centre studies. There is an urgent need to develop a simpler process that allows low risk research to take place without threatening staff morale and endangering the quality of the research outputs. In the meantime, we advise researchers to allow far greater time than might reasonably be envisioned to obtain research governance approval.