tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P073: Increased Consumption of Wheat and Oat-based Wholegrain Foods does not Affect Serum Lipids and Lipoprotein Size and Distribution in Healthy Middle Aged People
Authors: Paula Tighe, Nick Vaughan, Garry Duthie, Julie Brittenden, William G Simpson, Susan Duthie, Graham Horgan, Frank Thies
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Epidemiological studies suggest three daily servings of whole-grain foods (WGF) might lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, at least partly by lowering serum lipid levels. Wheat and oats, the main WGF consumed in the UK, might induce different lipid responses. We aimed to assess the effects of three daily portions of WGF (provided as a mixture of wheat and oats or only wheat) on lipoprotein subclasses size and concentration. A dietary randomised controlled trial involving 233 middle aged healthy individuals was carried out. After a 4weeks run-in period on a refined diet, volunteers were randomly allocated to a control (refined diet), wheat or wheat + oats group for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were serum cholesterol as well as lipoprotein subclasses size and concentration, as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. Blood lipid levels remained unchanged after 12 weeks intervention with WGF, whereas serum total- and LDL- cholesterol concentrations decreased slightly but significantly in the refined group compared with the wheat group. However, these changes were not associated with differences in lipoprotein subclasses’ size and concentration. Our results indicate that three portions of WGF, irrelevant of the type (wheat or oat-based) do not reduce cardiovascular risk by altering beneficially the size and distribution of lipoprotein subclasses.
Antiemetics: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Paul J. Hesketh, Mark G. Kris, Ethan Basch, Kari Bohlke, Sally Y. Barbour, Rebecca Anne Clark-Snow, Michael A. Danso, Kristopher Dennis, L. Lee Dupuis, Stacie B. Dusetzina, Cathy Eng, Petra C. Feyer, Karin Jordan, Kimberly Noonan, Dee Sparacio, Mark R. Somerfield, Gary H. Lyman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose To update the ASCO guideline for antiemetics in oncology. Methods ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the medical literature for the period of November 2009 to June 2016. Results Forty-one publications were included in this systematic review. A phase III randomized controlled trial demonstrated that adding olanzapine to antiemetic prophylaxis reduces the likelihood of nausea among adult patients who are treated with high emetic risk antineoplastic agents. Randomized controlled trials also support an expanded role for neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists in patients who are treated with chemotherapy. Recommendation Key updates include the addition of olanzapine to antiemetic regimens for adults who receive high-emetic-risk antineoplastic agents or who experience breakthrough nausea and vomiting; a recommendation to administer dexamethasone on day 1 only for adults who receive anthracycline and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy; and the addition of a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist for adults who receive carboplatin area under the curve ≥ 4 mg/mL per minute or high-dose chemotherapy, and for pediatric patients who receive high-emetic-risk antineoplastic agents. For radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, adjustments were made to anatomic regions, risk levels, and antiemetic administration schedules. Rescue therapy alone is now recommended for low-emetic-risk radiation therapy. The Expert Panel reiterated the importance of using the most effective antiemetic regimens that are appropriate for antineoplastic agents or radiotherapy being administered. Such regimens should be used with initial treatment, rather than first assessing the patient’s emetic response with less-effective treatment. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Maternal hormone measurements
Authors: A. S. Clepper
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the opportunity to respond to Dr Clepper, who commented on the use of maternal hormone measurements, specifically estrogens, in the management of high-risk pregnancies. The topic has been discussed with him previously.<sup>1</sup>Since that time, no great breakthrough has been made in this field; as a matter of fact, many clinicians have abandoned estrogen measurements as a result of their often disappointing experiences and based on the results of our prospective controlled study.<sup>2</sup>Nevertheless, there are institutions in which estrogens are still used in the management of high-risk pregnancies. Dr Clepper agrees with us about a high incidence of low estrogen values in healthy fetuses. However, he insists that the incidence of falsenegative results, ie, normal values in the presence of fetal jeopardy, is low. The accuracy of this statement depends on the definition of<i>fetal jeopardy</i>. There is no doubt that with a dying
PROGRESS OF CLINICAL CALORIMETRY IN THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BBS volume 11 issue 3 Cover and Back matter
Authors: Peter Singer, Helga Kuhse, Francis London, Philadelphia New, Eric Dietrich, Michael Gazzaniga, George Miller, Ira Black, Gary Lynch, Gordon Shepherd, Terrence Sejnowski, Marta Kutas, Stephen Kosslyn, William November, Robert Cummins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Uric acid nephropathy
Authors: M. C. Perry
Journal: JAMA (1976)

GOUTY arthropathy, urate lithiasis, and acute uric acid nephropathy may all complicate the course in a patient who has a malignant disease. All three problems originate from an increased uric acid turnover that occurs in this type of disease. Hyperuricemia may range in importance from an incidental chemical abnormality to a life-threatening complication. Therefore, when it is encountered in this situation, it should not be ignored. Although hyper-uricemia is seen most commonly in association with acute and chronic leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, and the myeloproliferative syndromes, it is also noted with increasing frequency in patients with nonhematologic malignancy. Often present before treatment, its prevalence and severity increase during successful radiotherapy or chemotherapy of the malignant disease. Increased production of uric acid is the by-product of unrestrained tumor-cell growth. As effective treatment destroys malignant cells, serum uric acid levels rise because of a limited renal capacity for handling urate. Elevated serum uric
P01.12 * INHIBITION OF A GLIOMA CANCER STEM CELL BY COMBINATION OF 2-DEOXYGLUCOSE AND METFORMIN
Authors: E. Kim, S. Kang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioma cancer stem cells (gCSCs) are known to play an essential role in tumor formation, maintenance, and progression. Treatment outcome of a glioblastoma, the most malignant form of gliomas, is still unsatisfactory in spite of any combination of current best treatment modalities. Because the presence of residual surviving gCSCs is thought to be a main reason for treatment-resistance and the source of recurrence, new and innovative therapeutic approaches targeting gCSCs could be an important therapeutic modality to overcome resistance to current anti-cancer treatments. It's known that deprivation of tumor bioenergetics by dual inhibition of aerobic and anaerobic pathways may work for cancer treatment. This study investigated whether the combination of 2-deoxygluxose (2-DG) and metformin inhibit gCSCs. We evaluated the antitumor activity of 2-DG, metformin alone, and combination of 2-DG and metformin. 2-DG alone did hardly affect cell viability, however, metformin alone showed dose-dependent antitumor effect on gCSC line. Moreover, 2-DG in combination either with 5mmol/L or 15mmol/L of metformin induced 100% of cell death. When gCSC line was treated with combined 2-DG and metformin, surface markers of gCSC such as Nestin, CD133 and stemness-regulating transcription factors including Sox-2 and Notch4 were both suppressed. On the contrary, adherent cells expressing Olig2, GFAP, Tuj1 were newly formed from neurospheres under treatment of combined 2-DG and metformin, which implies neuro-glial differentiation. 3D invasion test showed that treatment of combined 2-DG and metformin significantly reduced invasiveness of gCSCs with decreased expression of surface markers for invasion like Snail, zeb1, β-catenin and N-cadherin. In mouse xenograft models, 2-DG plus metformin treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth. The combination of 2-DG and metformin may be helpful in the treatment of gliomas by targeting gCSCs.
Schizophrenia in ethnic minorities is more common in white neighbourhoods
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Early neonatal mortality is more likely in infants born at night Analysis of data on over two million spontaneous live births in Sweden showed that infants born at night have a greater risk of infant and neonatal mortality than infants born in the day.A detailed 24 hour analysis showed two "high risk periods"-between 5 pm and 1 am and around 9 am.Luo and Karlberg (p 1327) found that these differences were more obvious for preterm births and for deaths related to asphyxia.The differences have not diminished over the past two decades and were greater in the 1990s, when there was a 30% increase in early neonatal mortality, even with the improvements in medical care and technologies.Staff shift changes and the periods immediately after are high risk periods for early neonatal care, and better vigilance and management of shift changes may improve night time neonatal care.
Outcome Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Patients That Failed Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Ohad Benjamini, Uri Rozovski, Preetesh Jain, William G. Wierda, Susan O'Brien, Jan A. Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Stefan H. Faderl, Elizabeth J Shpall, Chitra M Hosing, Issa F. Khouri, Richard E Champlin, Michael J. Keating, Zeev Estrov
Journal: Blood (2013)
Choroidal neovascularization in the choroidal neovascularization prevention trial
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

This study aimed to describe characteristics of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) that developed in high-risk eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) enrolled in the Choroidal Neovascularization Prevention Trial (CNVPT).Consecutive case series among patients enrolled in a multicenter, randomized controlled trial.Eighteen eyes of 18 patients who developed exudative AMD were studied from among 156 patients with large drusen enrolled in the Bilateral Drusen Study and 120 patients having one eye with exudative AMD and the other eye with large drusen enrolled in the Fellow Eye Study. The CNVPT Fellow Eye Study provided 12 eyes (10, treatment group; 2, control group), and the CNVPT Bilateral Drusen Study contributed 6 eyes (4, treatment group; 2, control group).The CNVPT Reading Center assessment and grading of patients with CNV and other exudative complications was reviewed.Onset of CNV, laser intensity for treated eyes, classification of lesion components, size of lesion, location of lesion, foveal involvement, and change in visual acuity were measured.Eighteen eyes showed onset of CNV between 2 and 21 months after enrollment. In comparison with the CNVPT Laser Standard Intensity, variations in laser treatment intensity (6 eyes graded less than standard intensity and 8 eyes graded standard intensity) were not associated with CNV events. Seventeen of 18 eyes showed occult CNV in whole or in part, and only 1 eye manifested purely classic CNV. The median size range was 2 to 3.5 disc areas. Among the 14 treated eyes that developed exudative lesions, 7 showed subfoveal involvement and 13 had CNV associated with the region of treatment. At the time of the CNV event, 9 of 18 eyes showed greater than a 2-line loss of vision from baseline while the remaining eyes were stable.Preliminary data show that visually significant exudative manifestations of AMD may develop in patients with high-risk drusen who undergo macular laser photocoagulation. The CNV lesions typically are occult, often subfoveal, and associated with the region of treatment. Longer follow-up is warranted.
Anaesthesia
Authors: T B Boulton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

ished the average gestational age for detection.5I agree with Dr Jarvis that the early diagnosis of twin pregnancy is a prerequisite for adequate antenatal care and management of delivery.In my opinion ultrasound, if available, is the diagnostic method of choice.With modem technology and with trained operators the method is highly reliable as a screening method.More than one scan should not be necessary-certainly not if twins are suspected and specially sought.With the new real-time scanners it is tempting to make it everyone's tool.However, I wish to stress that ultrasound diagnostics, similar to radiology diagnostics, should be performed by specially educated and trained operators if the method is not to be brought into disrepute.
XPD, XPA, ERCC1 and XPG/ERCC5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in oxaliplatin-treated colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: J. M. Vila, I. Moreno, M. Monzo, R. Ibeas, J. Moreno, M. Pinuaga, F. Martinez, A. Navarro, E. Pou, J. Sole Monne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3677 Background: Oxaliplatin damages DNA, leading to apoptosis. XPD, XPA, ERCC1 and XPG/ERCC1 are involved in DNA repair, and polymorphic variants in these genes can influence the efficacy of oxaliplatin. We analyzed SNPs in these genes and correlated the results with toxicity and response to oxaliplatin in CRC. Methods: 33 CRC patients (pts) recruited between February 2002 and September 2003 were treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood cells at baseline, and allelic discrimination assay with ABI Prism 7700 was used to analyze SNPs at XPD Lys751Gln, XPA 5'utr A/G, ERCC1 codon 2 Thr/Lys and XPG/ERCC5 codon 3 His/His. Results: Pts characteristics: age 62.5 (44–78); all pts, PS 0–1. Pts with XPD C/C showed greater hematological toxicity (44%) than those with A/A (9%) (p=0.08). Ptes with XPD A/C and C/C (30%) showed better objective response than those with A/A (18%) (p=ns). Pts with XPG C/C showed better objective response (70%) than those with C/T and T/T (8%) (p=0.002). Pts with XPG C/C achieved longer time to progression (8.5 mos) than those with C/T and T/T (4 mos) (p=0.002). Ptes with XPG C/C achieved better median survival (+11 mos) than those with C/T and T/T (8.4 mos) (p=0.01). Conclusions: XPD C/C may be related to greater hematological toxicity, and XPG C/C may be a predictive marker of response, time to progression and survival in oxaliplatin-treated CRC pts. Studies with a larger number of patients should be carried out to confirm these results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Its Varied Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Marian W. Ropes, Walter Bauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

Another traumatic condition that is often simulated by rheumatoid arthritis is ruptured intervertebral disk.11 Persistent low-back pain, increased by coughing or sneezing, radiation of pain down the legs, often over nerve-root distributions, and areas of hyperesthesia or hypesthesia on the legs are frequent manifestations of rheumatoid spondylitis. In such patients one can often obtain a history of trauma preceding the onset of symptoms. Such trauma, which may have been coincidental or may have been a precipitating factor in the rheumatoid arthritis, is usually assumed to support the diagnosis of ruptured disk. An elevation of the spinal-fluid protein is often found . . .
Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Dera Kinsey
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In no way did the authors mean to imply in our recent article on malignant hypertension that Dr. Björk's survival curves were inaccurate or miscalculated. Early in our research we were fairly certain he had used the Berkson and Gage actuarial method but were unable to verify this from the amount of information available. We did make every attempt to obtain further information but unfortunately none was received before the article was published. Since the other series used in the comparisons appeared to be calculated as simple rates of survival, and upon the recommendation of our statistician, we felt that it would not be valid to include Björk's rates. We have now adopted Hill's method of calculating rates of survival for evaluating treatment (Hill, A. B.:<i>Principles of Medical Statistics</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1961, p 220), which is essentially the same as the one used
The Kidney
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<b>The Kidney in Health and Disease,</b>by Charles F. Geschickter and Tatiana T. Antonovych, 189 pp, 53 illus, paper, $8.75, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1971. In the first of these two volumes, a pathologist and a nephrologist have set out to give us a short nephrology text in which structure and function each receive their due. What they have achieved is a graceless, badly written book in which wooden sentences lie uneasily together like the boards in an ill-made floor. The authors have no ear for language, and worse, no editorial judgment in presentation of concepts. Major assertions, such as "renin... serves as a major humoral mechanism for the maintenance of blood pressure," are offered without qualifications. Not even renin enthusiasts, and I am one, believe that sentence. Again, we are told without hesitation that renoprival hypertension is due to the "loss of renal depressors." The remarks on treatment
Location Wanted.
Authors: None A. G. S.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Nov. 12, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you please send me such a list of desirable vacant locations for a physician as you may have at hand, or give me any other information you may have concerning desirable locations. I am a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, and have had some practice at Indianapolis, Ind. Thanking you in advance for any favor you may be able to do me, and assuring you of my desire to return the same at the earliest opportunity, I remain, yours truly,
RICHARD VON VOLKMANN (1830-1889) PROPONENT OF LISTERISM IN GERMANY
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children.
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The first 1000 cases notified to the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were analysed.The diagnoses included encephalitis/encephalopathy, prolonged con- vulsions, infantile spasms, and Reye's syndrome.Eighty- eight of the children had had a recent infectious disease, including 19 with pertussis.Only 35 of the notified children (3-5%) had received pertussis antigen within seven days before becoming ill.Of 1955 control children matched for age, sex, and area of residence, 34 (1-7%) had been immunised with pertussis vaccine within the seven days before the date on which they became of the same age as the corresponding notified child.The relative risk of a notified child having had pertussis immunisation within that time interval was 2-4 (p <0 001).Of the 35 notified children, 32 had no previous neurological abnormality.A year later two had died, nine had developmental retardation, and 21 were normal.A significant association was shown between serious neurological illness and pertussis vaccine, though cases were few and most children recovered completely.
Oral cobalamin for treatment of pernicious anemia?
Authors: J. N. Hathcock
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pernicious anemia is a cobalamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of intrinsic factor (IF), which is necessary for the absorption of this vitamin. Because of the extensive hepatic storage of cobalamin, primary dietary deficiency is uncommon, occurring only in strict vegetarians after avoidance of animal products for many months. The most common cause of IF deficiency is gastric atrophy. Total gastrectomy leads to pernicious anemia, and partial gastrectomy does so occasionally. A rare congenital form of pernicious anemia may be the result of an autosomal recessive failure in IF production. It is possible to treat pernicious anemia with oral IF. This was standard practice at one time, but has lost favor because of the difficulty and expense of obtaining IF. For the last 30 or more years, the usual treatment has been 1000 μg of cobalamin administered intramuscularly once every 1 to 3 months. With a retention efficiency of