tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Croonian Lectures: A Contribution to the Study of the Blood and the Circulation: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: G. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1896)

England in I895) to 3, and become less matters of chance, there will be some room for calm clinical study, for self raining, for learning something during studentship of that very important and terribly neglected better half of the train- ing of a true doctor, the knowledge and observation of a human being; that which was expressed in the wise saying of Andrew Clark, "II first attended to the man and then to the malady."Could Brodie, or Green, or Lawrence, or Graves, or Stokes look down upon the work of this Council, they would be amazed to witness how far we have departed from their ideals of the training of a medical man.
Drowning
Authors: David Szpilman, Joost J.L.M. Bierens, Anthony J. Handley, James P. Orlowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

A ccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 0.7% of all deaths worldwide - or more than 500,000 deaths each year 1 - are due to unintentional drowning. 2Since some cases of fatal drowning are not classified as such according to the codes of the International Classification of Disease, this number underestimates the real figures, even for high-income countries, 3 and does not include drownings that occur as a result of floods, tsunamis, and boating accidents.Drowning is a leading cause of death worldwide among boys 5 to 14 years of age. 2 In the United States, drowning is the second leading cause of injury-related death among children 1 to 4 years of age, with a death rate of 3 per 100,000, 4 and in some countries, such as Thailand, the death rate among 2-year-old children is 107 per 100,000. 5In many countries in Africa and in Central America, the incidence of drowning is 10 to 20 times as high as the incidence in the United States.Key risk factors for drowning are male sex, 4 age of less than 14 years, 6 alcohol use, 7 low income, 1 poor education, 5 rural residency, 5 aquatic exposure, 6,7 risky behavior, 6,7 and lack of supervision. 6For people with epilepsy, the risk of drowning is 15 to 19 times as high as the risk for those who do not have epilepsy. 8Exposure-adjusted, person-time estimates for drowning are 200 times as high as such estimates for deaths from traffic accidents. 9Coastal drownings are estimated to cost more than $273 million per year in the United States 10 and more than $228 million per year (in U.S. dollars) in Brazil. 11For every person who dies from drowning, another four persons receive care in the emergency department for nonfatal drowning. 12 DEFINI T ION A ND TER MINOL O GYAccording to the new definition adopted by the WHO in 2002, "Drowning is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid." 13he drowning process begins with respiratory impairment as the person's airway goes below the surface of the liquid (submersion) or water splashes over the face (immersion).If the person is rescued at any time, the process of drowning is interrupted, which is termed a nonfatal drowning.If the person dies at any time as a result of drowning, this is termed a fatal drowning.Any submersion or immersion incident without evidence of respiratory impairment should be considered a water rescue and not a drowning.Terms such as "near drowning," "dry or wet drowning," "secondary drowning," "active and passive drowning," and "delayed onset of respiratory distress" should be avoided. 13A uniform way to report data after a drowning event in order to allow comparison among different medical centers is to adopt the Utstein template for categorization of drowning (for details, see the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org). 14,15
Should we regard Hodgkin's disease as infectious?
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Should We Regard Hodgkin's Disease as Infectious ?Environmental factors are known to be important in the aetiology of Hodgkin's disease, and recent interest has centred on the possible occurrence of case-to-case transmission, which might suggest an infectious cause.An extended "epidemic" of cases at a high school in New York State was described by Vianna, Greenwald, and Davies' in 1971.Hodgkin's disease developed in four students who had attended one school at the same time.Subsequent inquiry brought to light 31 additional cases who had had direct contact with the original four or contact through a single intermediary.2The "epidemic" extended over a period of two decades, suggesting a long incubation period.Transmission seemed to occur particularly among young people and from young to the old.A similar type of outbreak with five cases occurring over a period of 11 years in a small Ohio township containing 405 homes and a population of around 1300 was reported by Klinger and Minton.3The difficulty in interpreting such events has, however, been emphasized by Smith, Pike, and Kinlen4: if the study in a particular area is initiated because a small cluster has already occurred then the population has been artificially selected.The usual tests of statistical signi- ficance cannot, therefore, be applied.As an extension of their previous observations Vianna and Polan5 investigated the hypothesis that in schools where an index case of Hodgkin's disease had occurred there would be a subsequent excess of additional cases among students or staff.In five out of eight such secondary schools (with index cases in 1960-64) additional cases were diagnosed during the years 1965-69.In matched control schools there were no cases
Performance characteristics of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and BNP assays in the diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in primary care Frederick D. R. Hobbs, Russell C. Davis, Andrea K. Roalfe, Joyce E. Kenkre, Juergen Trawinski, Michael K. Davies. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Value appraisal of FDA approved cancer drugs over the past decade.
Authors: Ryan Huey, Seerat Anand, Jane Elizabeth Rogers, Arvind Dasari, Gauri Rajani Varadhachary, Anirudh Gothwal, Jonathan M. Loree, Lee M. Ellis, Michael J. Overman, Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

115 Background: Value based drug pricing is emerging as an imperative health care precept in recognition of the ever-increasing drug costs, especially in oncology. Though novel therapies are regularly approved based on benefit, they are often associated with physical and financial toxicities to patients. We aimed to assess the value of FDA approved oncology drugs defined as their expected clinical benefit compared to their toxicities and costs. Methods: We reviewed all new cancer drug approvals by the FDA from 7/2008-6/2018. Current analysis was restricted to approvals based on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Data regarding approval indication, effect size, and toxicity were collected from FDA website and publications. Toxicity was estimated as adverse events ≥ grade 3 (or serious adverse events) as reported. Micromedex RED BOOK was used to estimate the total drug price using 2018 average wholesale prices. Price was estimated over 3 months to account for difference in drug regimens. Results: Among the 231 trials used by FDA for approvals in oncology, 115 had OS or PFS as their primary endpoint. Median patients per trial was 539. Of 79 trials with a PFS endpoint, the median HR was 0.50 (range: 0.15 - 0.91); median 3-month drug price was $45,903.72. Compared to the control arm, median toxicity for new drugs was 7% higher (range: -34.4 - 55%). Correlation of HR benefit to 3-month price was 0.06 (95% CI: -0.17 - 0.28, P = 0.61). Correlation of net toxicities to 3-month price was 0.01 (95% CI: -0.25 - 0.26, P = 0.94). Of 43 trials with an OS endpoint, the median HR was 0.72 (range: 0.37 - 0.94); median 3-month price was $43,523.46. Relative to control arm, median toxicity for new drugs was 4% higher (range: -34.4 - 45.8%). Correlation of HR benefit to 3-month price was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.08 - 0.62, P = 0.012). Correlation of net toxicities to 3-month price was -0.12 (95% CI: -0.45 - 0.24, P = 0.50). Conclusions: Drug approvals in oncology come with a high cost and drug prices have very little correlation with estimated benefit in outcomes and toxicities. As policies evolve to promote higher value in health care, attention should be paid to benefits of drugs in relation to pricing and using biomarker-based patient selection to maximize benefits and minimize toxicities.
From the NIH: Improved methods of blood transfusion for patients with sickle cell anemia
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reliability of Automated Blood Pressure Devices used by Hypertensive Patients
Authors: William C W Wong, Ivan K L Shiu, Thomas M T Hwong, James A Dickinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Automated blood pressure (BP) devices are used by many hypertensive patients in Hong Kong, with or without medical advice. At two community clinics, we invited hypertensive patients aged between 40 and 70 years who used such a device to fill in a questionnaire and to have four sets of BP measurements, automated and mercury, at two visits. Of 290 hypertensive patients 120 fulfilled the criteria, and 73 of these agreed to participate. 53 devices measured arm BP, 21 measured forearm BP. The agreement between the mercury sphygmomanometer and the automated devices was poor, with average differences of 9.5 mmHg for systolic and 9.4 mmHg for diastolic and no clear advantage for either site of measurement. As a means of screening for BP &gt;140/90 mmHg the sensitivity of the automated devices was 81% and the specificity was 80%. There were large variations in how often and under what circumstances the devices had been used. One-fifth of the devices had been acquired on medical advice but only 11% of the participants were aware of the three important conditions for operating such devices. Discussion of automated devices, their role and proper use, should now be part of routine hypertensive care.
AMA Specialty Journal Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
4. Poly(NIPAAm) revisited—It has been 28years since it was first proposed for use as a biomaterial
Authors: Nicholas A. Peppas, Ruth Duncan, Gary E. Wnek, Allan S. Hoffman, Guang Hui Gao, Sung Wan Kim, Doo Sung Lee, Michael Hadjiargyrou, Elka Touitou, Denize Ainbinder, Russell Mumper, Alain Rolland, Takuro Niidome, Vinod Labhasetwar, Shi Liu, Guangyuan Zhou, Yubin Huang, Zhigang Xie, Xiabin Jing, Noemi Csaba
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Reviving hemp.
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Forumin the 1980s, when it was found to cause life-threatening, chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients.In immunocompetent hosts the microbe typically causes a day or two of discomfort, with symptoms including nau- sea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps.Most sufferers need only oral rehydration until they recover.
Use of Iodine for Water Disinfection: Iodine Toxicity and Maximum Recommended Dose
Authors: Howard Backer, Joe Hollowell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Iodine is an effective, simple, and cost-efficient means of water disinfection for people who vacation, travel, or work in areas where municipal water treatment is not reliable. However, there is considerable controversy about the maximum safe iodine dose and duration of use when iodine is ingested in excess of the recommended daily dietary amount. The major health effect of concern with excess iodine ingestion is thyroid disorders, primarily hypothyroidism with or without iodine-induced goiter. A review of the human trials on the safety of iodine ingestion indicates that neither the maximum recommended dietary dose (2 mg/day) nor the maximum recommended duration of use (3 weeks) has a firm basis. Rather than a clear threshold response level or a linear and temporal dose-response relationship between iodine intake and thyroid function, there appears to be marked individual sensitivity, often resulting from unmasking of underlying thyroid disease. The use of iodine for water disinfection requires a risk-benefit decision based on iodine's benefit as a disinfectant and the changes it induces in thyroid physiology. By using appropriate disinfection techniques and monitoring thyroid function, most people can use iodine for water treatment over a prolonged period of time.
Quantitative genetic analysis of lipoproteins in Finnish hyperlipidemic families
Authors: Karen L. Edwards, Jussi Pihlajamaki, Melissa A. Austin, Markku Laakso
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P16 Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common familial dyslipidemia associated with CVD risk. FCHL is characterized by higher levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB),triglyceride (TG), smaller low-density lipoprotein particle size (LDL size) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate evidence for shared genetic effects between these fasting measurements in 365 subjects in 37 Finnish FCHL families. Mean age was 48 yrs (SD=16), 50% were male. Quantitative genetic analysis was used to evaluate the genetic (ρG) and environmental (ρE) correlations between each pair of risk factors (RF) adjusting for age and sex. Heritability was significant(p&lt;0.02) for each RF. The ρG for each pair reflects shared genetic influences, i.e. genes that influence variation in both RF of the pair. The ρG’s for LDL size and both TG and HDLC suggest that these RF share a majority of genes in common. ρG for ApoB and TG shows that these RF also share genes in common, suggesting that at least two sets of genes influence the lipoprotein RF characterizing FCHL. Shared environmental (ρE) factors also contribute to the covariation in each pair. Using this information in mapping studies may improve power to detect genes underlying these lipoprotein abnormalities, and lead to a better understanding of genetic susceptibility to CVD in FCHL. Table 1.
Abstract LB-099: Prostate cancer-secreted CCN3/NOV promotes osteoblast differentiation via Wnt signal pathway and miR-608 suppression
Authors: Po-Chun Chen, Chia-Chia Chao, An-Chen Chang, Chih-Hsin Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objective: NOV/CCN3 is a secreted protein that interacts with the extracellular matrix and thereby regulates many cellular functions, including cell division, chemotaxis, apoptosis, adhesion, motility, and ion transport. Recently, CCN3 expression have been implicated in progression of various cancer, and our previous study indicates that CCN3 increases the migration and invasion of prostate cancer (PCa) cells by regulation of ICAM-1 expression. Our research group also review the pivotal role CCN3 in bone metastasis of PCa by modulating the tumor-bone microenvironment. Moreover, evidence has highlighted the pivotal role of osteoblasts in osteoblastic bone metastasis in PCa. Material and Methods: MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells were incubated with conditioned media collected from PCa cells. The cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated by MTT assay and Alizarin red S staining. The osteogenic markers were also examined by Western blot and QPCR. Furthermore, the Wnt activation was tested by Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Pretreatment with chemical inhibitor of Wnt was used to determine the regulatory role of Wnt in osteogenic differentiation in response to PCa CM. Finally, expression of miR-608 was investigated by QPCR and mimic miR-608 was used to certify the role of miR-608 in osteogenic differentiation in response to PCa CM. Results: Here, we show that PCa-secreted CCN3 increases expression of osteoblastic differentiation factors including BMPs, Runx2 and Osterix. Furthermore, this effect is regulated by Wnt signal pathway or miR-608 repression. The present study supposes that PCa-secreted CCN3 can promote osteoblastic bone metastasis in PCa by activating Wnt signal and inhibition of miR-608 expression. Our present study provides an opportunity to develop CCN3 as a therapeutic target that prevents bone metastasis in PCa. Citation Format: Po-Chun Chen, Chia-Chia Chao, An-Chen Chang, Chih-Hsin Tang. Prostate cancer-secreted CCN3/NOV promotes osteoblast differentiation via Wnt signal pathway and miR-608 suppression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-099.
Thrombocytopenia found uncommonly during heparin therapy
Authors: P. J. Powers
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In a prospective study to determine the frequency of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with intravenous heparin sodium of porcine gut origin, only four of 120 patients with suspected venous thromboembolism showed a depression of the platelet count to below 150×10<sup>9</sup>/L. In two of these patients, heparin was not considered to be the cause of thrombocytopenia because the platelet count, which fell transiently, rose again while heparin therapy was continued. These results indicate that thrombocytopenia is an uncommon complication of anticoagulant therapy with heparin derived from porcine gut mucosa. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2396-2397, 1979)
Abstracts Appearing In THE JOURNAL, May-August, 1960
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Science and Surgery
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Swedish Medical Products Agency publishes report from a case inventory study on Pandemrix vaccination and development of narcolepsy with cataplexy
Authors: None Eurosurveillance editorial team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

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Corrections to “PIK3CA mutations are associated with reduced pathological complete response rates in primary HER2-positive breast cancer: pooled analysis of 967 patients from five prospective trials investigating lapatinib and trastuzumab”
Authors: S. Loibl, I. Majewski, V. Guarneri, V. Nekljudova, E. Holmes, E. Bria, C. Denkert, C. Schem, C. Sotiriou, S. Loi, M. Untch, P. Conte, R. Bernards, M. Piccart, G. von Minckwitz, J. Baselga
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2019)
Carcinomatous lung abscess. Diagnosis by bronchoscopy and cytopathology
Authors: R. J. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We compared the roentgenographic, bronchoscopic, and cytopathologic findings from 26 patients with carcinomatous lung abscesses (23 of which were within the tumor) with findings from 31 patients with simple lung abscesses. Despite well-described roentgenographic characteristics of the carcinomatous abscess, differentiation from a simple abscess was frequently not possible. Direct visual findings at the time of bronchoscopy were not helpful in the absence of an endobronchial lesion. Using sputums and cytological specimens from a single fiberoptic bronchoscopy, a diagnosis was made by cytopathology on initial hospitalization in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with carcinoma. No false-positive cytological studies were reported in the nonmalignant group despite the frequent presence of inflammation and infection. (<i>JAMA</i>242:521-522, 1979)