tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accident and emergency services
Authors: M W Beckett, J Belstead, R Cocks, P Longstaff, P Nash
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine the risk of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases of recent onset. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective cohort of 482 patients, mean age 28.3 years, with SLE or other autoimmune diseases was analyzed. Followup started at diagnosis or first appointment within 12 months since diagnosis until the development of thrombosis, end of study, loss to followup, or death. Thromboses were diagnosed upon clinical manifestations and confirmed by appropriate studies. Clinical variables were retrieved from the medical records, and SLE activity was assessed from the medical notes at onset of thrombosis, or at a dummy date for thrombosis, using the SLE Disease Activity Index-2K. <h3>Results</h3> During 2936 patient-years of followup, thromboses occurred in 49 patients (20.3%) with SLE and 6 patients (2.5%) with other autoimmune diseases. The incidence rate of thrombosis was 36.3 and 3.8 per 1000 patient-years in SLE and in other autoimmune diseases, respectively; relative risk 9.6 (95% CI 4.1–27.4, p &lt; 0.0001). Throughout the disease course, the risk of thrombosis remained high in the SLE group, while in patients with other autoimmune diseases this risk was lower. The incidence of venous and arterial thrombosis was similar among SLE patients and patients with other autoimmune diseases. SLE and venous insufficiency were associated with thromboses in the total study population, and with venous insufficiency, vasculitis, and disease activity in the SLE group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE, are at an increased risk of thrombosis. In patients with SLE, the risk remains elevated throughout the course of the disease.
Catfish stings
Authors: C. H. Scoggin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CATFISHES, along with some mollusks, arthropods, stingrays, sharks, puffers, and tropical marine turtles, are recognized as toxic saltwater organisms.<sup>1</sup>While the painful nature of freshwater catfish stings has been known for centuries,<sup>1</sup>the potential of these fish for inflicting a very distressing sting to unwary humans is apparently poorly appreciated by physicians in this country. The following is a description of one such encounter. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman suffered a sting in the thenar pad of her left hand while attempting to clean a 30-cm (12-inch) catfish. She immediately experienced severe pain and paresthesias in the entire extremity followed within minutes by generalized tremulousness and teeth chattering. Because of increasing pain in the affected limb, she sought attention at the Duke University Medical Center emergency room. The patient was in obvious distress, complaining bitterly of pain. Blood pressure was 90/60 mm Hg, pulse rate was 110
Ethanol interferes with regeneration-associated changes in biotransforming enzymes: A potential mechanism underlying ethanol's carcinogenicity?
Authors: A Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on enzyme systems involved in carcinogen activation and detoxification were studied in a rat model of liver regeneration. In control rats, steady-state messenger RNAs of cytochrome P450j decreased 12 to 24 hr after partial hepatectomy but were fully recovered by 48 to 72 hr. In contrast, messenger RNA levels of cytochrome P450b and P450d did not vary significantly during that period. Steady-state messenger RNA levels for the placental form of glutathione S-transferase decreased within 30 min after partial hepatectomy but fluctuated until levels returned to normal by 48 hr. Preliminary nuclear run-on analyses suggest that the regulation of cytochrome P450j and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase messenger RNA levels involves posttranscriptional control in these animals. In ethanol-fed rats, as in controls, expression of cytochrome P450j and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase decreased transiently after partial hepatectomy. However, compared with control values, messenger RNA levels for cytochrome P450j were greater in ethanol-fed rats at each time point. Similar results were noted for placental glutathione S-transferase levels from 12 to 48 hr after partial hepatectomy. Ethanol feeding had no apparent effect on steady-state messenger RNA levels of cytochrome P450d, P450b or the multidrug-resistant gene. In both ethanol and control rats, only prehepatectomy levels of cytochrome P450 transcripts correlated with levels of the respective P450 isoenzymes. These data indicate that liver regeneration selectively decreases the steady-state messenger RNA expression of certain isoenzymes of cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase. Chronic ethanol consumption induces basal messenger RNA expression of cytochrome P450j and blunts regeneration-associated decreases in cytochrome P450j and glutathione S-transferase expression. These alterations may be involved in ethanol's ability to function as a co-carcinogen in liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:722–727.)
Abstract 4334: Epigenetic reprogramming of tissue-specific transcription promotes metastasis
Authors: Shuaishuai Teng, Yang Li, Ming Yang, Rui Qi, Qianyu Wang, Zhi Lu, Dong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Metastasis is the cause of death for 90% of cancer patients, but little is known about how cancer cells adapt to and colonize new tissue environments. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cancer cause of death globally. Here, we investigated how metastatic cancer cells, such as CRC cells, with original-tissue specificity adapt to the environment of a distant tissue, like liver. By analyzing transcriptome data of multiple cohorts of clinical samples and primary/metastatic cell lines, we found metastatic CRC cells lose their colon-specific gene transcription program and gain a liver-specific gene transcription program as they metastasize in the liver. The elevated expression of a number of liver-specific genes was confirmed in human liver metastatic tumors by immunohistochemistry. Through epigenomic profiling, we revealed this transcription reprogramming is driven by a reshaped epigenetic landscape of both typical and super-enhancers, and chemical inhibition of enhancer activity disrupts the ability of cells to execute this altered transcription program and consequently inhibits metastasis. Further we identified liver-specific transcription factors, FOXA2 and HNF1A, bind to the gained enhancers in liver metastatic cells and activate the expression of liver-specific genes. We also found both FOXA2 and HNF1A are highly expressed in human liver metastatic tumors compared to primary CRC tumors. Loss of function of FOXA2 or HNF1A inhibits liver-specific transcription and impairs the ability of metastatic CRC cells to adapt to liver. Consistently, the gain of function of HNF1A activated liver-specific transcription and enhanced CRC liver metastasis. Our findings indicate the direct contribution of a reprogrammed tissue-specific transcription program, which is induced by reshaped epigenetic landscape as well as distant-tissue-specific transcription factors, to the adaption and colonization of metastatic CRC cells to a distal organ. Notably, in addition to CRC liver metastasis, this tissue-specific transcription reprogramming is also observed in other multiple distant organs and/or cancer types. In summary, our data suggest that epigenetically reprogrammed tissue-specific transcription promotes metastasis and might have implications for targeted anti-metastasis therapies. Citation Format: Shuaishuai Teng, Yang Li, Ming Yang, Rui Qi, Qianyu Wang, Zhi Lu, Dong Wang. Epigenetic reprogramming of tissue-specific transcription promotes metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4334.
Supraventricular arrhythmias caused by parenteral hyperalimentation
Authors: V. E. Schulze
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PARENTERAL hyperalimentation has been used in the treatment of malnutrition resulting from the patient's inability to eat.<sup>1</sup>In recent years, many such patients have benefitted dramatically from the intravenous infusion of liquids containing both glucose and amino acids. Some complications have been described, including hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis, hypoglycemia following discontinuance of therapy, thrombophlebitis secondary to catheter placement, and electrolyte imbalance.<sup>2</sup>The following is a case report of a patient who exhibited a previously unreported complication, supraventricular arrhythmias. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 68-year-old woman with a lengthy history of peptic ulcer disease and a previous gastrectomy with gastroileostomy was admitted to the hospital. She complained of weight loss and vomiting of approximately three weeks' duration. Upper gastrointestinal roentgenograms showed a marginal ulcer at the edge of the efferent loop of the gastroileostomy, as well as extensive edema of the surgical stoma with almost total obstruction. Accordingly, a
Council on Medical Educatíon and Hospitals
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Splenoportography
Authors: Murray G. Baron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In 1951, Abeatici and Campi<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that there was free vascular communication between the splenic pulp and the portal venous system. Soon thereafter, Leger<sup>2</sup>performed the first successful splenoportogram in a human. Contrast material injected directly into the substance of the spleen flowed rapidly through multiple venous radicles into the splenic vein and then into the portal vein and liver, opacifying these structures in turn. In the past 15 years, percutaneous splenoportography has come into wide use and has made a major contribution in delineation of the pathologic anatomy and hemodynamics in patients with portal hypertension.<sup>3-6</sup> The portal vein (Fig 1) is formed by the confluence of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins behind the neck of the pancreas overlying the vertebral bodies of L-1 and L-2. The portal vein courses upward and to the right behind the first portion of the duodenum and enters the liver
Objectives and achievements of National Board examinations
Authors: J. Parks
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An examination is truly a man-made structure. Modern National Board examinations are much more than a brain scan of anticipated, unrelated items of information. They are comprehensive, tested compositions of ideas designed to search the stored resources of useful knowledge and to test ability to apply this knowledge to problems at hand. Nathan A. Womack, MD, past president of the National Board, summed up the objectives of examinations when he said "... to the degree we are able to measure medical competence, to just that same degree will medical competence be available to the people."<sup>1</sup> The objectives or purposes of the National Board of Medical Examiners are fourfold: (1) to prepare and administer qualifying examinations of such high quality that legal agencies governing the practice of medicine within each state may in their discretion grant a license without further examination for those who have completed successfully the examinations of the
Modulation of Cell Adhesion During Induction, Histogenesis, and Perinatal Development of the Nervous System
Authors: G. Edelman
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1984)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Routine iron supplementation during pregnancy. Policy statement. US Preventive Services Task Force
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Micromanaging Cancer
Authors: Judy Lieberman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The discovery of RNA interference triggered a "silent" revolution that overturned our understanding of how gene expression is regulated.1 The previous model was that gene expression was activated during transcription, the process of copying the DNA sequence into RNA, when transcription factor proteins bind to promoter sequences in DNA upstream of the gene's coding sequence. Now it is clear that an additional important mechanism of gene regulation occurs at the next stage of translating the messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Small, noncoding RNAs that have a stem loop structure, called microRNAs, regulate translation by binding to partially complementary sequences of . . .
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Authors: Zachary D. Goodman, Hala R. Makhlouf, Lea Liu, William Balistreri, Regino P. Gonzalez‐Peralta, Barbara Haber, Maureen M. Jonas, Parvathi Mohan, Jean P. Molleston, Karen F. Murray, Michael R. Narkewicz, Philip Rosenthal, Lesley J. Smith, Kathleen B. Schwarz
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We thank Iorio et al. for their interest in our work and for making us aware of their study,1 which included some information on liver biopsies in 64 children. Their findings support those of our and other series, namely that chronic hepatitis C in children is generally histologically mild but may occasionally result in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. By design, our own study excluded children with decompensated cirrhosis, so if anything, our collection of liver biopsies could have been biased toward more mild disease. None of the patients in the study by Iorio et al. initially had cirrhosis, but it is noteworthy that three children (5.2%) in that series, ages 2.1, 2.7, and 13.6 years, already had Ishak stage 4 fibrosis, which is defined as marked bridging fibrosis.2 Furthermore, one child in that series, who was initially stage 2, progressed to stage 5 (incomplete cirrhosis) on subsequent biopsy after failing antiviral therapy. Although not observed in the reported large series, there are even reports of hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatitis C acquired in childhood.3, 4 All observers agree that a minority of patients with hepatitis C will progress to cirrhosis and its complications, and although there are known risk factors for progression, it is impossible to know for certain which patients will progress. The fact that some children already have advanced fibrosis, even with a short duration of disease and with no obvious clinical differences from the rest, can only lead to the conclusion that an unknown proportion of others will eventually have the same outcome if there is not an effective therapeutic intervention. Zachary D. Goodman*, Hala R. Makhlouf*, Lea Liu , William Balistreri , Regino P. Gonzalez-Peralta?, Barbara Haber?, Maureen M. Jonas**, Parvathi Mohan , Jean P. Molleston , Karen F. Murray??, Michael R. Narkewicz??, Philip Rosenthal11, Lesley J. Smith12, Kathleen B. Schwarz13, * Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and Veterans Administration Special Reference Laboratory for Pathology, Washington, DC, Maryland Medical Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, ? University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, ? Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ** Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, George Washington University, Washington, DC, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, ?? University of Washington, Seattle, WA, ?? University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 11 University of California, San Francisco, CA, 12 Columbia University, New York, NY, 13 Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Factor XIII deficiency. Treatment with monthly plasma infusions
Authors: L. H. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A 13-year-old boy had congenital factor XIII deficiency and a history of serious bleeding dating back to the neonatal period. He was successfully treated with monthly infusions of a single unit of plasma. It is concluded that all patients demonstrating factor XIII deficiency should be given a trial of monthly plasma infusion therapy. The diagnosis should be suspected for patients whose routine coagulation screening test results are normal, but in whom a history of significant bleeding episodes is obtained.
Limits of medical responsibility in prolonging life. Guides to decisions
Authors: V. J. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Today in medicine we have the capacity (1) to sustain vital life functions by artificial means, and (2) to make a composite man by the transplantation of organs. Phenomenal technological and scientific advances in medical science make it possible to prolong threatened life to an incredible degree. An essential question arises, however, as to whether at times we are dealing with true human life. When the vital functions are maintained, the integrity of the brain and of other organs can be sustained at their particular capacity at the moment of decision, and functional recovery will likely occur and a rational human being restored. Sometimes, the vital organs are irreparably damaged by injury or disease, and recovery or reanimation to a spontaneous level is impossible. Although, we may be able to use extraordinary means to sustain the biological activities of organs and provide the semblance of existence, an integrated spontaneous existing
Abstract LB-372: Expression and functional role of erbB2 in human hepatoblastoma
Authors: Barbara Steiger, Ivo Leuschner, Dorota Denkhaus, Dietrich von Schweinitz, Torsten Pietsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase erbB2 is known to play a role in the development of hepatic progenitor cells and is often found to be expressed and mutated in different solid tumors. Activated erbB2 is a marker of poor prognosis in several malignancies and to date, successful strategies have been developed to target erbb2 receptor. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of erbb2 in human hepatoblastoma, the most common primary hepatic malignancy in early childhood, and its functional role in hepatoblastoma cell biology. Expression of erbB2 on the protein level was analyzed by Western Blot, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR of lysates of primary tumors and cell lines HuH6, HepT1, HepT3 and HepG2. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine phosphorylated erbB2 and subsequent kinases. Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to scan known hotspots for mutations (exons 6, 8, 18–23 of erbB2) in a panel of 56 tumor samples. Cells were stimulated with rhHRG1-β. Activation of subsequent kinases was determined via Western Blot and MTT assay was used to determine proliferation after stimulation and overexpression of erbb2 via transient transfection. The influence of rhHRG1-β on the activity of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was measured by transfection with the TOP-/FOP-Flash reporter assay. The effects of erbB2 kinase knockdown by transient transfection with siRNA against erbB2 on apoptosis and proliferation were also evaluated. Expression of erbB2 was detected in all four cell lines and most of the primary tumors. Immunohistochemistry indicated expression of phosphorylated (activated) Erbb2 proteins in 90% and activation of subsequent kinases, which are downstream targets of erbb2. Mutations were not present in the erbB2 gene. Stimulation with HRG1-β induced phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2 and p70S6K and resulted in increased cell proliferation. This effect was not mediated by an increase of activity of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway because TOP-Flash reporter activity was not further increased in the presence of rhHRG1-β. Overexpression of erbB2 resulted in enhanced proliferation after stimulation with HRG1-β in all four cell lines, whereas knockdown of erbB2 decreased the proliferative effect of HRG1-β on hepatoblastoma cell lines. Knockdown of erbB2 did not induce apoptosis in hepatoblastoma cell lines. These results indicate that erbB2 might play an important functional role in hepatoblastoma cell biology. Further experiments are needed to evaluate the clinical significance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-372. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-372
BILATERAL GLOBULAR DETACHMENT OF THE RETINA IN RENAL RETINITIS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal