tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic brush cytology in esophageal cancer
Authors: S. J. Winawer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CYTOLOGIC specimens and biopsy specimens obtained by direct endoscopic visualization now provide improved sampling for accurate pathologic evaluation in patients with cancer of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.<sup>1-3</sup> <h3>Materials and Results</h3> Thirty consecutive patients with esophageal cancer are included in this article. All were examined with a forward-viewing upper gastrointestinal tract panendoscope. Multiple biopsy specimens, usually four, and brushings for cytology are obtained in all patients. A sheathed brush was used for the cytology specimens, and slides were prepared individually in 95% ethyl alcohol without air-drying, and processed with the standard Papanicolaou stain. Biopsy specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Of the 30 patients, 18 had neoplasms at the cardioesophageal junction associated with varying degrees of obstruction. The remainder had neoplasms distributed in the mid and upper parts of the esophagus. Twenty neoplasms were epidermoid, and ten were adenocarcinoma. One adenocarcinoma was in situ in Barrett
Molecular assays for chromosomal translocations in the diagnosis of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: F. G. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare molecular assays for characteristic chromosomal translocations with standard histopathologic and cytogenetic analysis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. <h3>Design.</h3> —Blinded comparison with histopathologic diagnosis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tertiary care children's hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 79 soft tissue sarcoma patients with frozen tumor tissue and histopathologic slides available for review. <h3>Methods.</h3> —The RNA from the tumors was assayed by the reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction. These assays detect PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR chimeric transcripts in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, EWS-FLI1 and EWS-ERG chimeric transcripts in Ewing's sarcoma, and EWS-WT1 chimeric transcripts in desmoplastic small round cell tumor. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The polymerase chain reaction findings were compared with cytogenetic and histopathologic results. <h3>Results.</h3> —These assays detected chimeric transcripts in all cases in which translocations were found by standard cytogenetics as well as additional cases without cytogenetically detectable translocations. PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR fusions were present in 18 of 21 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, two of 30 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and one of seven undifferentiated sarcomas. EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG fusions were detected in six of eight Ewing's sarcomas and one of seven undifferentiated sarcomas. The EWS-WT1 fusion was found in three of three desmoplastic small round cell tumors. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Molecular assays for specific gene fusions provide a genetic approach to the differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas. The genetic categories correspond closely to the standard histopathologic categories. The polymerase chain reaction assays for chimeric transcripts are useful tools for the rapid and objective assessment of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:553-557)
OC-072 Identification of psychophysiological biomarkers of nausea using a novel visual induction method
Authors: K Ng, Y Chua, M Gresty, U Marreddy, S Williams, G Barker, P Andrews, G Sanger, V Ban, A Wilson, S Chey, Q Aziz
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Nausea is a common and complex multisystem subjective symptom with considerable inter-individual variation in nausea susceptibility which makes it difficult to recruit homogenous subgroups of patients and controls for clinical studies. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system (ANS)1 plays an important role in modulating nausea perception. However it is not known if ANS parameters can be used as biomarkers of nausea perception and susceptibility. <h3>Aim</h3> The aim of our study was to study the autonomic response to a novel method of nausea induction. <h3>Methods</h3> A 10-minute video that induced motion sickness and another that did not (neutral video) were presented to 20 healthy volunteers (aged 20 to 49 years, 10 male). All subjects filled out a motion sickness assessment questionnaire MSAQ; Autonomic nervous system was continuously monitored for sympathetic (cardiac sympathetic index CSI, heart rate HR, mean blood pressure MBP) and parasympathetic (cardiac vagal tone CVT, cardiac sensitivity to baroreceptor reflex CSB) measures. <h3>Results</h3> All 20 subjects completed the study. The nausea scores were higher during the nausea video compared to the neutral video (nausea scores MSAQ, +196%±55, p&lt;0.01). Furthermore, during nausea video compared to neutral video, there was increased cardiac sympathetic activity (HR +6%±2, p&lt;0.01; MBP +7%±2, p&lt;0.01; CSI +18%±8, p&lt;0.01) and decreased parasympathetic activity (CSB −11%±6, p&lt;0.01; with significantly lower CVT in subjects with more nausea (nausea scores MSAQ &gt;+100%) compared with those without nausea (no nausea on MSAQ): (percentage change −0.29±0.01 vs −0.01±0.05, p&lt;0.01, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This visual nausea induction method is safe and effective. We also demonstrate that nausea induction is associated with increased sympathetic activity and parasympathetic withdrawal. Furthermore, there is more marked CVT withdrawal to nauseogenic stimuli for nausea susceptible subjects suggesting that this parameter may have validity as a biomarker of nausea susceptibility. As motion sickness is known to induce gastrointestinal (GI) physiological changes, this model can be used to study the effects of nausea on GI function in health and disease together with the option of correlating these changes to objective autonomic physiological biomarkers.
On the Physical Alterations of the Blood and Animal Fluids in Disease
Authors: M. Andral
Journal: BMJ (1841)

t (Continued from p. 325.) l I SBRUM.-Thequantity of serUm which sur-l rounds the clot often represents correctly the ac-t tual quantity in the blood, especially when the s clot is small and dense; but a large clot retains a 5 considerable quantity of serum.The colour of i the serum may be greenish, yellow, reddish, or of a e milky tint; these differences depend on the presence e
After Concorde.
Authors: B G Gazzard
Journal: BMJ (1993)

screening the general population seems neither useful nor cost effective.High risk patients should be encouraged to participate in large clinical trials to access the efficacy of newer screening techniques and, most importantly, to assess the effect of screening on mortality from the disease, as improvements in mortality have not yet been shown.In the future molecular genetic studies may be able to identify those patients at risk who may benefit from careful screening or prophylactic oophorectomy.
Psychotherapy in the Practice of Medicine and Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estenosis hipertrófica del píloro en el lactante
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Successful Treatment of Mature T-Cell Lymphoma with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: The Largest Multicenter Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Neha Mehta-Shah, Ajitha Kommalapati, Stephanie Teja, Amanda F Cashen, Parastoo B. Dahi, Craig S. Sauter, Alison J. Moskowitz, Eric D Jacobsen, Basem M. William, Michael Ozga, Stefan K. Barta, Alison W. Loren, Steven Bair, Pamela B. Allen, Shahana Sulaiman, Kevin Song, Musa Alzahrani, Jia Ruan, Koen van Besien, Madhav Seshadri, Matthew McKinney, Anne W. Beaven, Bradley Haverkos, Adam Starr, Onder Alpdogan, Pierluigi Porcu, Francine M. Foss, Yu Tao, Steven M. Horwitz
Journal: Blood (2020)
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus
Authors: W. W. Guthrie
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A patient called wanting something for what seemed to be a simple case of diarrhea. I knew that he and his wife had been the guests of honor at a large banquet and had eaten some exotic Japanese seafoods. Being forewarned is forearmed—a stool culture was obtained and yielded a pure culture of<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>. The germ is endemic in Japan but seen only rarely in this country. Our pathologist scanned the literature and found a little note in<i>The Immigration Service Journal</i>that stated that tetracycline was the drug of choice. The patient's wife also had symptoms, but her stool culture was negative. Repeat culture on both, ten days later and after taking tetracycline, was negative. Follow-up by the medical director of the company that gave the banquet has uncovered no other cases thus far. It might be wise for American visitors to Japan to avoid
An Address ON SURGICAL ASPECTS OF SUBPHRENIC ABSCESS: Delivered before the Surgical Section of the Royal Society of Medicine, January 14th, 1907
Authors: H. L. Barnard
Journal: BMJ (1908)

THE GENERAL ETIOLOGY OF SuBPHRENIc ABscESsES.TmE following organs occupy the fossae which abut upon the under surface of the diaphragm: The stomach and: duodenum, liver and bile passages, pancreas and spleen,, and the upper end of the kidneys.In the event of.per-, foration or suppuration occurring in these organs the! infection will spread directly to the peritoneal or cellular space in which the organ lies.On the other hand, the infectlon may originate in the; lower part of the abdominal cavity, such as in the small intestine, the appendix, or the pelvic viscera.The infec- tive process then spreads along those peritoneal or cellular fossae which at their upper end eommunicate with the spaces which abut upon the diaphragm (see Fig. 8).I have!aualysed the causs of 76 conseutive oases of subphrenic abscess which have occurred at the London Hospital in eight years, and have arranged them in order of their: frequency: Gastric ulcer ... ... ...
Two neurological cases. Demonstration at the Royal College of Physicians of London.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

DR HYMAN: This patient was a 66-year-old retired army officer who complained of episodic loss of vision in the right eye in the two weeks before his outpatient appointment in December 1976.There was complete loss of vision which occurred up to three times a day.He said it was like a curtain going across the visual field of his right eye from right to left over a few seconds: vision was lost for up to an hour.For four weeks he had also had a constant occipital headache, which, although severe enough to keep him awake, was not exacerbated by straining or coughing.His medical history showed mild diabetes diagnosed six years before and he was on a restricted carbohydrate diet.In 1970 he had had palpitations, and an electrocardiogram (ECG)
Secondary Syphilis
Authors: H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1849)

s College, and the Lock Hospitals.IN Medical Statistics, it frequently happens that favourable results are displayed, whilst others are passed over in silence; false impressions may thus be conveyed, even though the facts published be true.The accuracy of statistical conclusions in medicine may consequently be fre- quently doubted, especially when it is against the interest both of the patients and of the surgeons, that unsuccessful cases should be recorded.
Environmental Signaling: What Embryos and Evolution Teach Us About Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
Authors: J. A. McLachlan
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

The term "endocrine disrupting chemicals" is commonly used to describe environmental agents that alter the endocrine system. Laboratories working in this emerging field—environmental endocrine research—have looked at chemicals that mimic or block endogenous vertebrate steroid hormones by interacting with the hormone's receptor. Environmental chemicals known to do this do so most often with receptors derived from the steroid/thyroid/retinoid gene family. They include ubiquitous and persistent organochlorines, as well as plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, and natural hormones. These chemicals function as estrogens, antiestrogens, and antiandrogens but have few, if any, structural similarities. Therefore, receptor-based or functional assays have the best chance of detecting putative biological activity of environmental chemicals. Three nuclear estrogen receptor forms—α, β, and γ—as well as multiple membrane forms and a possible mitochondrial form have been reported, suggesting a previously unknown diversity of signaling pathways available to estrogenic chemicals. Examples of environmental or ambient estrogenization occur in laboratory experiments, zoo animals, domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. Environmentally estrogenized phenotypes may differ depending upon the time of exposure—i.e., whether the exposure occurred at a developmental (organizational and irreversible) or postdevelopmental (activational and reversible) stage. The term "estrogen" must be defined in each case, since steroidal estrogens differ among themselves and from synthetic or plant-derived chemicals. An "estrogen-like function" seems to be an evolutionarily ancient signal that has been retained in a number of chemicals, some of which are vertebrate hormones. Signaling, required for symbiosis between plants and bacteria, may be viewed, therefore, as an early example of hormone cross-talk. Developmental feminization at the structural or functional level is an emerging theme in species exposed, during embryonic or fetal life, to estrogenic compounds. Human experience as well as studies in experimental animals with the potent estrogen diethylstilbestrol provide informative models. Advances in the molecular genetics of sex differentiation in vertebrates facilitate mechanistic understanding. Experiments addressing the concept of gene imprinting or induction of epigenetic memory by estrogen or other hormones suggest a link to persistent, heritable phenotypic changes seen after developmental estrogenization, independent of mutagenesis. Environmental endocrine science provides a new context in which to examine the informational content of ecosystem-wide communication networks. As common features come to light, this research may allow us to predict environmentally induced alterations in internal signaling systems of vertebrates and some invertebrates and eventually to explicate environmental contributions to human reproductive and developmental health.
The Influence of Sex, Allergic Rhinitis, and Test System on Nasal Sensitivity to Airborne Irritants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dennis Shusterman, Mary Alice Murphy, John Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

"Nasal irritant sensitivity" is an important construct in environmental health science; functional measures, however, lack standardization. We performed duplicate measures of nasal irritant perceptual acuity on 16 subjects (evenly divided by sex and seasonal allergy status) using two different test compounds: carbon dioxide (CO2) (detection) and n-propanol (localization). The a priori hypotheses included a) allergic rhinitics will display lower perceptual thresholds than nonrhinitics; b) females will display lower perceptual thresholds than males; and c) estimates of perceptual acuity using the two test systems will be positively correlated. We obtained CO2 detection thresholds using an ascending concentration series, presenting 3-sec pulses of CO2, paired with air in random order, by nasal cannula. We obtained localization thresholds by simultaneously presenting stimuli (ascending concentrations of n-propanol vapor in air) and blanks (saturated water vapor in air) to opposite nostrils, with laterality randomized. In terms of test-retest reliability, individual replicate measures for CO2 detection thresholds correlated more closely than did the localization thresholds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) (r = 0.65 and r = 0.60, respectively). As an intertest comparison, log-transformed individual mean CO2 and VOC measures were positively correlated with an r of 0.63 (p < 0.01). In univariate analyses, sex predicted both log-transformed CO2 and VOC thresholds (females being more "sensitive"; p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). Nasal allergies predicted sensory testing results only in the multivariate analysis, and then only for VOC localization (p < 0.05). The question of population variation in nasal irritant sensitivity (as well as the generalizability of results across test compounds) deserves further attention.
Platelet Microrna-mRNA Co-Expression Profiles Correlate with Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Srikanth Nagalla, Chad Shaw, Xianguo Kong, Lin Ma, Altaf A. Kondkar, Molly S. Bray, Suzanne M. Leal, Ying Jin, Jing-fei Dong, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Blood (2010)
This Week in &lt;EMPH&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Raymond F. Anton, MD; Stephanie S. O’Malley, PhD; Domenic A. Ciraulo, MD; Ron A. Cisler, PhD; David Couper, PhD; Dennis M. Donovan, PhD; David R. Gastfriend, MD; James D. Hosking, PhD; Bankole A. Johnson, MD, PhD; Joseph S. LoCastro, PhD; Richard Longabaugh, EdD; Barbara J. Mason, PhD; Margaret E. Mattson, PhD; William R. Miller, PhD; Helen M. Pettinati, PhD; Carrie L. Randall, PhD; Robert Swift, MD; Roger D. Weiss, MD; Lauren D. Williams, MD; Allen Zweben, DSW; for the COMBINE Study Research Group
Shell Fractures of the Spine.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking Rates in the Staff of a Military Field Hospital before and after Wartime Deployment
Authors: C J Boos, A M Croft
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In the past, high rates of cigarette smoking have been reported in the British Armed Forces. We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey in the 623 employees and attached staff of 34 Field Hospital on their sixth week of deployment to Iraq, in the course of Gulf War II. Information was sought on smoking status before and during the deployment, and self-declared reasons for smoking. 556 questionnaires were returned (response rate 89%). The median age of respondents was 33.3 SD 7.9 years (range 18-62) and 61% were male. Before deployment the number of regular smokers was 160 (29%) but it had now risen by 52 to 212 (38%). Of the extra smokers 33 were restarting an old habit but 19 were first-timers. Moreover, those who were regular smokers before deployment increased their daily consumption from a mean of 15 cigarettes to 21. Smoking rates did not differ between clinical and non-clinical staff or between men and women; the rates were lower in officers than in non-officers, and in reservists than in regular Army personnel. The reasons most commonly cited for starting smoking or increasing consumption were boredom, social factors and stress. Few respondents could recall having received smoking-related health education during previous service with the military. Smoking rates in this medical unit increased substantially during the overseas deployment. There were no data on cigarette consumption after return to ordinary duties, so we cannot say whether these effects are short-term or long-term. However, even the pre-existing rate of 42% in regular army personnel is high enough to demand urgent action by an employer.
Practical Neurology
Authors: R. Sinha
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal