tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doing research in primary care is preferable to applying the results from secondary care
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Cardioprotective value of aspirin in primary prevention is greater the lower the blood pressure In primary prevention, middle aged men at increased risk of coronary heart disease seem to benefit more from aspirin when systolic blood pressure is lower.The use of aspirin, often self prescribed, in those who have so far not experienced heart attacks requires careful consideration as only a few episodes will be prevented and even low doses of aspirin may carry an appreciable risk of potentially serious bleeding.The US physicians trial suggested that older men and those with low cholesterol concentrations would benefit most, but the UK thrombosis prevention trial (p 13) does not confirm these suggestions.The UK trial in 5499 men treated over nearly seven years showed that the risk of heart attacks was reduced by about half in those with lower blood pressures whereas there was little if any effect in those with higher pressures.These findings need to be confirmed or refuted, however, before they are taken as firm evidence in clinical practice.No link exists between blood transfusion and sporadic CJD
Highlights from this issue
Authors: Andrew Bush, Ian Pavord
Journal: Thorax (2012)

An APPt responseThose who follow us on Twitter will know that there is now a Thorax mobile site, which we have been wanting for some time, and a bouquet to the publishers for delivering it.Those who think a Tweet is what our feathered friends do in the garden, do not read on, it will only cause you pain.We are told that the mobile site 'has been specifically designed to accommodate the mobile behaviour of 'keeping up' and 'looking up' and works across all devices, including Blackberry, Android and iPhone.There are also links to the full site on the mobile site and to the mobile site on the full site, so that users can toggle easily between interfaces should they wish'.If this means more to you than it does to us, find out more at http://blogs.bmj.
THE INDISCRIMINATE USE OF ALCOHOL.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"A New Method of Inviting Sleep."
Authors: J B Learned
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Northampton, Mass., Jan. 3, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I hope a large number of the readers of theJournalwill refer to the September 25 issue and examine the article on "A New Method of Inviting Sleep" and express their opinion of the principle therein contained. Thinking obstructs sleep. Draw away from the centers of thought power to carry on muscular effort as there described, an equilibrium is established and the normal conditions of sleep exist. It is not necessary to put in practice this method in order to pass judgment upon its claim as a scientific principle. Will the many medical men interested in reducing our practical work to the normal basis give us through the Journal an estimate of this method? I should personally be greatly pleased to receive through the mails any opinion at variance or in consonance with my own.
A calm look at 'drug lag'
Authors: D. Kennedy
Journal: JAMA (1978)

IN RECENT testimony to a Senate subcommittee seeking ways to improve the drug regulation process in the United States, I insisted that an essential element in the updating of our drug laws must be the enhanced ability to expedite the approval of important therapeutic advances. The Food and Drug Administration's responsibility to the public health is often thought of primarily as a matter of guaranteeing safety, but consumers are poorly served when they are denied access to safe products that are effective in the relief of pain or the cure of disease. We must view our role as regulators of technology transfer comprehensively and be just as conscious of the costs of foregone innovation as we are of other kinds of costs. The view that we are not as conscious of these costs as we should be is widespread, especially among our critics in the drug industry. They have coined
Measles — United States, First 26 Weeks, 1989
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Organizations of Medical Interest
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2774: Pain signals oral cavity cancer metastasis
Authors: Aditi Bhattacharya, Malvin N. Janal, Hyesung Kim, Susanna Wang, Angie K. Wu, Mari Hagiwara, Alexander R. Kerr, Brian L. Schmidt, Donna G. Albertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Metastasis to the cervical (neck) lymph nodes is the primary determinant of survival for patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer. Imaging (MRI, PET, CT) and clinical examination lack sensitivity to accurately detect cervical metastasis. Therefore most clinically node negative patients receive surgery to remove the cervical lymph nodes (elective neck dissection) at the time of surgical tumor removal. Half of these patients do not benefit from this additional surgery, highlighting the need for improved preoperative assessment in predicting metastatic risk. Oral cancer patients suffer severe chronic and mechanically-induced pain at the site of the cancer. We asked whether patient reported pain measured prior to surgery by a validated instrument, the University of California San Francisco Oral Cancer Pain Questionnaire (UCSFOCPQ), was an indicator of risk for lymph node metastasis. Seventy-two oral cancer patients were consented and enrolled, patients rated their pain using the UCSFOCPQ. Clinical and pathological characteristics of the patient cohorts were collected from pathology reports and medical records. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of an oral squamous cell carcinoma, planned curative resection of the cancer and completion of the UCSFOCPQ within six weeks of surgery. Exclusion criteria included prior chemo- or radiation therapy for cancer, failure to complete or understand the UCSFOCPQ and less than one year post surgery follow-up. Sixty-six patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria (35 node negative and 31 node positive). Patients with metastasis reported higher pain scores prior to surgery. Low pain score and depth of invasion each predicted low metastatic risk with high sensitivity and negative predictive values. Amongst patients who were clinically staged N0 by current standard of care imaging and physical exam prior to surgery, low pain scores correctly identified patients determined by pathology to be N0. Conclusions: Low pain scores assessed prior to surgery could identify patients at low risk for metastases who would not benefit from neck dissection. Pain score might be added to the standard of care preoperative assessments and decision making processes for determining whether to recommend an elective neck dissection. Citation Format: Aditi Bhattacharya, Malvin N. Janal, Hyesung Kim, Susanna Wang, Angie K. Wu, Mari Hagiwara, Alexander R. Kerr, Brian L. Schmidt, Donna G. Albertson. Pain signals oral cavity cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2774.
Services for pregnant teenagers in the large cities of the United States, 1970-1980
Authors: H. M. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This article reports the findings of the third national survey of services for and needs of pregnant teenagers and their infants in the large cities of the United States, done in 1979-1980. Only five cities have developed a new program since 1976, and major unmet needs continue to exist. The survey also provides baseline data on the status of health, social, and educational care for this target population. With the substantial decrease in the various sources of federal funds due to current budgetary reduction, continued monitoring is required to determine the effects on services for pregnant teenagers and their infants, as well as on the incidence of teenage pregnancy. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2270-2273)
Modification and Implementation of NCCN Guidelines™ on Prostate Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Waleed A Hassen, Farrok A Karsan, Farhat Abbas, Yasar Beduk, Ahmed El-Khodary, Marwan Ghosn, Jamal Khader, Raja Khauli, Danny M Rabah, Ali Shamseddine, Sandy Srinivas
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

A prostate cancer committee was established to modify the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) on Prostate Cancer for adaptation and implementation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The objective was to enhance the multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of prostate cancer. The committee, comprising regional experts in the fields of urologic, medical, and radiation oncology, reviewed the 2009 version of the NCCN Guidelines on Prostate Cancer and suggested modifications based on the unique needs of the regions determined through published evidence and local expertise. The committee identified several areas in the NCCN Guidelines that they believed required modification, which are presented in this article. The treatment of prostate cancer in the MENA region has numerous challenges. The hope is that this effort to modify the NCCN Guidelines on Prostate Cancer for practical use in the MENA region will improve regional awareness and patient care.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

EEG Activity as a Prognostic Biomarker in Depression 547Depression is among the most disabling medical conditions in the world, yet there is still no objective prognostic marker of severity.In this randomized clinical trial, Pizzagalli and colleagues examined the electroencephalogram θ activity of 248 of 266 individuals with depression who had been randomized to sertraline or placebo.Greater current θ activity density localized over the rostral anterior cingulate at both baseline, and week 1 predicted greater improvement in depressive symptoms, even when controlling for clinical and demographic variables previously linked to treatment response.
Importance of Exfoliative Cytodiagnosis for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Salmonid Sexual Development Is Not Consistently Altered by Embryonic Exposure to Endocrine-Active Chemicals
Authors: David B. Carlson, Lawrence R. Curtis, David E. Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Fish sexual development is sensitive to exogenous hormone manipulation, and salmonids have been used extensively as environmental sentinels and models for biomedical research. We simulated maternal transfer of contaminants by microinjecting rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryos. Fish were reared for 6 months and sexed, and gonads were removed for histology and measurement of in vitro steroid production. Analysis of fat samples showed that dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE) levels, o, p'M-DDE and p,o, p'-DDE isomers, were elevated 6 months after treatment. A preliminary study showed an increased ratio of males to females after treatment with 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg of the xenoestrogen o,o, p'-DDE. One fish treated with 160 mg/kg o,o, p'-DDE had gonads with cells typical of both males and females. A follow-up study, using more fish and excluding the highly toxic 160 mg/kg o,o, p'-DDE dose, showed no effect on sex ratio or gonadal histology. Embryonic exposure of monosex male trout, monosex female trout, and mixed sex salmon to o, o, p'-DDE, p,o, p'-DDE, mixtures of DDE isomers, and octylphenol failed to alter sexual development. We observed no treatment-dependent changes in in vitro gonadal steroid production in any experiments. Trout exposed in ovo and reared to maturity spawned successfully. These results suggest that mortality attributable to the xenoestrogens o,o, p'-DDE, chlordecone, and octylphenol, and the antiandrogen p,o, p'-DDE, is likely to occur before the appearance of subtle changes in sexual development. Because trout appeared to be sensitive to endocrine disruption, we cannot dismiss the threat of heavily contaminated sites or complex mixtures to normal sexual development of salmonids or other aquatic organisms.
Office evaluation of the pacemaker patient. Detection of normal and abnormal pacemaker function
Authors: S. Bhatia
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IN THE third decade of cardiac pacemaker therapy, more than 500,000 patients in the United States alone live with the aid of a permanent pacemaker. It has been estimated that over 100,000 new pacing systems will be implanted in 1985.<sup>1</sup>The proliferation of technologic advances has resulted in an increasing frequency of implantation of multiprogrammable, dual-chamber pacing systems. Although pacemaker programming (Table 1) and telemetric monitoring remain in the domain of the experienced cardiologist, it behooves every physician to recognize normal and abnormal pacemaker function. It has been suggested that pacemaker malfunction can be detected by history and electrocardiography in 99% of patients.<sup>2,3</sup>This review will focus on the basic office evaluation of patients with pacemakers, using equipment readily available in the internist's office. Discussion of the radiology of pacing systems (to detect lead position[s] and fracture), principles of transtelephonic monitoring, and description of antitachycardia and defibrillating devices
Abstract 3561: MicroRNA-214 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increases drug sensitivity by targeting PTK6
Authors: Patrice Cagle, Suryakant Niture, Anvesha Srivastava, Malathi Ramalinga, Leslimar Rios-Colon, Uchechukwu Chimeh, Deepak Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes and play a critical role in cancer progression and the role miRNA-214 (miR-214) in prostate cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the effect of expression of miR-214 on cell survival/migration/invasion, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Differential expression of miR-214 was found between Caucasian, African American prostate cancer cells compared with normal prostate epithelial cells. Expression of miR-214 in prostate cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation and colony forming capability, and induced apoptosis. miR-214 also inhibited cell migration and 3D spheroid invasion in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, miR-214 targets protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) and reduced PTK6 expression. The restoration of PTK6 expression significantly blocked the inhibitory effect of miR-214 on cell proliferation. Moreover, inactivation of PKT6 by ibrutinib and expression of miR-214 significantly enhanced the cell death in prostate cancer cells. Collectively the data suggest that miR-214 functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, and may become a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Patrice Cagle, Suryakant Niture, Anvesha Srivastava, Malathi Ramalinga, Leslimar Rios-Colon, Uchechukwu Chimeh, Deepak Kumar. MicroRNA-214 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increases drug sensitivity by targeting PTK6 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3561.
The thymic "myoidzellen" and myasthenia gravis
Authors: R. L. Van de Velde
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It has been known for a long time that there is an association of some sort between thymic lesions, thymomas in particular, and myasthenia gravis.<sup>1</sup>More recently, cross-reactions have been demonstrated between antimuscle antibodies in the sera of individuals suffering from myasthenia gravis and certain cells of the thymus.<sup>2,3</sup>There is little doubt that the reactive elements in the thymus are not entodermal reticular elements, but actual muscle cells, the "myoidzellen" of the old anatomists.<sup>4</sup> Elongated, occasionally stellate, eosinophilic cells containing cross-striated fibrils have been reported among thymocytes and reticular cells of the thymus in a variety of vertebrates. First described by Mayer<sup>5</sup>in the frog's thymus, they were observed by him as long, spindle-shaped elements showing distinct striations and closely resembling rudimentary skeletal muscle fibers. Pensa<sup>6</sup>found these strange cells to be particularly numerous and well developed in the thymus of chickens and called
Table of Contents
Authors: Dominique Pichard, Alexandra Freeman, Edward Cowen, ; Bethesda, Erika Hagstrom, Shivani Patel, Chante Karimkhani, Lindsay Boyers, Hywel Williams, Roderick Fmedsci, Martin Weinstock, April Armstrong, Cory Dunnick, David Margolis, Robert Dellavalle, Stephen Katz, David Elder, Dorothy Rodenbeck, Alexander Kennon, Loretta Davis
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Methylation Study of a Population Environmentally Exposed to Arsenic in Drinking Water
Authors: Claudia Hopenhayn-Rich, Mary Lou Biggs, Allan H. Smith, David A. Kalman, Lee E. Moore
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Methylation is considered the detoxification pathway for inorganic arsenic (InAs), an established human carcinogen. Urinary speciation analysis is used to assess the distribution of metabolites [monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and unmethylated arsenic (InAs)], as indicators of methylation capacity. We conducted a large biomarker study in northern Chile of a population chronically exposed to high levels of arsenic in drinking water. We report the results of the methylation study, which focused on the effects of exposure and other variables on the percent InAs, MMA, DMA, and the ratio of MMA to DMA in urine. The study consisted of 122 people in a town with arsenic water levels around 600 micrograms/l and 98 participants in a neighboring town with arsenic levels in water of about 15 micrograms/l. The corresponding mean urinary arsenic levels were 580 micrograms/l and 60 micrograms/l, of which 18.4% and 14.9% were InAs, respectively. The main differences were found for MMA:DMA; exposure, smoking, and being male were associated with higher MMA:DMA, while longer residence, Atacameño ethnicity, and being female were associated with lower MMA:DMA. Together, these variables explained about 30% of the variability in MMA:DMA. Overall, there was no evidence of a threshold for methylation capacity, even at very high exposures, and the interindividual differences were within a much wider range than those attributed to the variables investigated. The differences in percent InAs were small and within the ranges of other studies of background exposure levels. The biological significance of MMA:DMA, which was more than 1.5 times greater in the exposed group, and its relationship to sex, length of exposure, and ethnicity need further investigation because its relevance to health risk is not clear.