tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic Diseases: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: M. Lawrence Podolsky
Journal: JAMA (1993)

As a consequence of having reviewed the previous edition of this book in 1985, I was compelled to realize how fast and how far medicine has advanced in less than a decade and how well the authors have documented this progress in the sector of allergy. For instance, in his chapter "Biochemical Mediators of Allergic Reactions," Stephen I. Wasserman brings us up to date on exciting new developments that promise to revolutionize allergy: high molecular weight—neutrophil chemotactic activity (HMW-NCA), leukotrienes, cytokines, platelet-activating factor, arachidonic acid and its associated enzymes, 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, and other chemotactic factors. Understanding that there are no clear-cut lines between practical and theoretical, research and dogma, conjecture and fact, and that there is no way of knowing just when a new development will become standard procedure, the authors prepare the groundwork for the "new allergy" of the future while keeping the book germane to the clinician
Amantadine's rocky road to acceptance
Authors: M. L. Zoler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

When amantadine hydrochloride was first licensed by the Food and Drug Administration in 1966, it was specified for prophylaxis of Asian influenza. Many who have watched amantadine's tortuous path to widespread acceptance believe a basic problem lay in this initial licensing. "Soon after the approval," recalls Marvin Paulshock, PhD, associate director of clinical research, Biochemicals Department, the DuPont Company, "influenza underwent an antigen shift and we had the Hong Kong flu epidemic of 1968. The FDA decided that amantadine could not be promoted for Hong Kong influenza before its clinical effectiveness was proved. DuPont was able to show that the Hong Kong strain was inhibited by amantadine in vitro and in mice, but no clinical trials were established. We realized that we could never catch up—each time a trial would be completed, a new antigenic variant would have appeared." Instead, DuPont waited while researchers abroad and in the United States
Effect of Methylene Chloride Inhalation on Replicative DNA Synthesis in the Lungs of Female B6C3F 1 Mice
Authors: Jun Kanno, Julie F. Foley, F. Kari, M. W. Anderson, Robert R. Maronpot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In the National Toxicology Program 2-year inhalation study of dichloromethane (DCM), there was a significant increase in pulmonary neoplasms in female B6C3F, mice exposed to 2000 ppm (overall rates of 30/48 versus 5/50 in control).Replicative DNA synthesis was examined to evalu- ate the potential role of treatment-induced lung cell proliferation on pulmonary carcinogenicity.Tritiated thymidine incorporation was assessed in methacrylate plastic sections after 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of inhalation exposure to 2000 ppm or 8000 ppm DCM.Similar measurements of labeling indexes were made after 13 and 26 weeks of exposure to 2000 ppm DCM using bromo- deoxyuridine as the labeling agent.In all cases the labeling agent was delivered over a 6-day period using osmotic minipumps.The labeling index (LI) of bronchiolar epithelium (two branches proximal to the terminal bronchiole) of mice exposed to 2000 ppm DCM for 2-26 weeks decreased to 4040% of the control.Terminal bronchioles showed a similar decrease in LI.Mice exposed to 8000 ppm DCM had a less dramatic decrease in LI.No pathological change was found in the exposed lungs.It is concluded that inhalation exposure to DCM for up to 26 weeks reduces cell turnover of bronchiolar cells in female B6C3F, mice.
Asplenia Syndrome
Authors: James A. Majeski
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Sixteen new cases of the asplenia syndrome with autopsy findings had a female preponderance of 2:1. Racial incidence of splenic agenesis was nine whites and seven blacks. The average life span of the infants born alive was approximately 38 days. All infants with the asplenia syndrome had recorded weights and lengths below normal standard values. Surgical palliation of the cardiovascular anomalies in the asplenia syndrome was attempted in two cases. The incidence of the asplenia syndrome from the large autopsy series at the Medical University of South Carolina is one case per 2,000 autopsies. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1508-1510, 1978)
Nature and Treatment of Cancer (Some Methods of Hypodermic Medication in the Treatment of Inoperable Cancer).
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Further Evidence for Calcitonin, a Rapid-Acting Hormone which Lowers Plasma-Calcium
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review Victories of Army Medicine: Scientific accomplishments of the Medical Department of the United States Army . By Edgar E. Hume, M.D., D.P.H., D.T.M. and LL.D. 8°, cloth, 250 pp., with 79 illustrations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1943. $3.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1943)
Phthalate Esters as Peroxisome Proliferator Carcinogens
Authors: John R. Warren, Narendra D. Lalwani, Janardan K. Reddy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The phthalate ester di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is both a peroxisome proliferator and a hepatic carcinogen. Peroxisome proliferators as a class are hepatocarcinogenic in rodent species. However, none of the peroxisome proliferators tested to date including the phthalate esters and related alcohol and acid analogs have demonstrated mutagenic or DNA-damaging activity in the in vitro Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal or the lymphocyte 3H-thymidine assays. A working hypothesis is proposed that peroxisome proliferation itself initiates neoplastic transformation of hepatic parenchymal cells by increasing intracellular rates of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen production. Evidence which supports such a hypothesis includes increased fatty acid beta-oxidation, elevated H2O2 levels, accumulation of peroxidized lipofuscin, disproportionately small increase in catalase, and elevated peroxisomal uricase activity which accompany peroxisome proliferation in hepatocytes. Direct testing of this hypothesis will provide insight into mechanisms of phthalate ester carcinogenicity and cytotoxicity.
Abstracts Pt.9
Authors: Joseph Bikowski, James Rosso, Alpesh Desai, Vanessa Benes, Aditya Gupta, Ruggero Caputo, Mauro Barbareschi, Mr Vamvakias, Tami De Araujo, Rashmi Lodha, Shasa Hu, George Elgart
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Memoir
Authors: Terri Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Kineradiography
Authors: Majic S. Potsaid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

CINEMATOGRAPHIC studies in which images are obtained through the use of an x-ray-activated fluorescent screen are usually referred to as cine-fluorography,1 a specific term for the most widely used method for radiographic "movies." However, technics for x-ray motion studies (for example, TVX)2 , 3 that do not use such a screen are available. It may be preferable to use cineradiography or perhaps kineradiography (radiography of kinetics) as a more inclusive term for studies of motion obtained by radiologic means regardless of the augmenting system (for example, electron image intensifier, solid-state image intensifier, television, magnetic tapes and films of a kinescope).The different . . .
Biochemical Studies on the Metabolic Activation of Halogenated Alkanes
Authors: Kevin H. Cheeseman, Emanuele F. Albano, Aldo Tomasi, Trevor F. Slater
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

This paper reviews recent investigations by Slater and colleagues into the metabolic activation of halogenated alkanes in general and carbon tetrachloride in particular. It is becoming increasingly accepted that free radical intermediates are involved in the toxicity of many such compounds through mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, covalent binding, and cofactor depletion. Here we describe the experimental approaches that are used to establish that halogenated alkanes are metabolized in animal tissues to reactive free radicals. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to identify free-radical products, often using spin-trapping compounds. The generation of specific free radicals by radiolytic methods is useful in the determination of the precise reactivity of radical intermediates postulated to be injurious to the cell. The enzymic mechanism of the production of such free radicals and their subsequent reactions with biological molecules is studied with specific metabolic inhibitors and free-radical scavengers. These combined techniques provide considerable insight into the process of metabolic activation of halogenated compounds. It is readily apparent, for instance, that the local oxygen concentration at the site of activation is of crucial importance to the subsequent reactions; the formation of peroxy radical derivatives from the primary free-radical product is shown to be of great significance in relation to carbon tetrachloride and may be of general importance. However, while these studies have provided much information on the biochemical mechanisms of halogenated alkane toxicity, it is clear that many problems remain to be solved.
Sensory Ganglionopathy
Authors: Anthony A. Amato, Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

Sensory ganglionopathy is characterized by sensory loss without weakness. A common pathophysiological mechanism is autoimmunity. This review focuses on acquired sensory ganglionopathies, most commonly seen in patients with an autoimmune disease or a paraneoplastic disorder.
THE VIRUS OF SMALLPOX.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analyses of Ethylene Glycol Monoalkyl Ethers and Their Proposed Metabolites in Blood and Urine
Authors: Anthony W. Smallwood, Karl E. DeBord, Larry K. Lowry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Glycol ethers are known to produce embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in a variety of animal species. In addition, testicular edema and tubular atrophy have been reported. The health effects of this class of compounds are not known in humans, despite the fact that these solvents are widely used in industry. In order to evaluate potential effects in humans, it is first necessary to estimate exposure in the workplace (environmental monitoring). However, in the case of glycol ethers traditional air monitoring may be ineffective because of the low volatility of these solvents and the possible significant exposure via the skin. Biological monitoring can be used to estimate glycol ether uptake by all routes of exposure. The compounds can be measured in blood or their metabolites quantitated in urine. These procedures are suggested for measuring 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol in blood. In addition, tentative procedures have been developed to measure the oxidized acidic metabolites, methoxyacetic acid and ethoxyacetic acid in urine as possible indices of exposure. All procedures have detection limits of less than 11 parts per million. These procedures are ready to be validated in workers exposed to these solvents.
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: Impact of the Evolving Pattern on Early Progression
Authors: Carlos Fernández de Larrea, Ignacio Isola, María Teresa Cibeira, Laura Rosiñol, Xavier Calvo, Natalia Tovar, Montserrat Elena, Laura Magnano, Juan I. Aróstegui, María Rozman, Jordi Yagüe, Joan Bladé
Journal: Blood (2014)
Constitutional protection for animals
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2002)

It appears certain that Germany's constitution will soon require the state to protect the welfare of animals.The Bundestag, the lower house of parliament, voted 543 to 19 in favor of the amendment in May, and the upper house (Bundesrat) is expected to approve the measure very soon.With over 80% of German citizens favoring the amendment, the animal rights movement has achieved a major victory.The failure of scientists to make a convincing public case for their work is particularly worrisome because another critical legislative battle lies ahead.If this fight is also lost, the likely result will be great damage to German biomedical research.The amendment will add "and animals" to Article 20a of the German Basic Law, so that it will read, "The state takes responsibility for protecting the natural foundations of life and animals in the interest of future generations."Previously the courts have interpreted "life" to mean human life, but the new wording is likely to suggest that animals have a legal right to be protected from avoidable pain.Freedom of academic research was already protected in the German Basic Law.Thus, in the past, when animal welfare conflicted with academic freedom, the courts weighed the rights of researchers more heavily.After the amendment, however, animal protection and academic freedom will have equal legal status, and it is not clear how this new balance will affect future court decisions.For now, animal welfare laws will remain the same, but local authorities and courts may interpret them differently.In addition, the legislature may come under increasing pressure to pass additional laws on a variety of animal-protection issues."Even the politicians do not know and cannot predict what the consequences of this change to the constitution will be," says Kuno Kirschfeld, who heads the committee on animal legislation at the Max Planck Society.German animal activists have worked for the last decade to achieve constitutional protection for animal rights, an aim supported by the ruling Social Democratic party and the Green party.Two years ago, a similar attempt was narrowly defeated, falling just short of the two-thirds necessary to amend the constitution.In that vote, the amendment was blocked by the Christian Democrats, who have now reversed their position following a controversial decision by the high court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) in January.The court ruled that Muslims may practice halal slaughtering, in which animals are not stunned before being killed.The decision outraged the public and increased the pressure on parliament to grant constitutional protection to animals.With an election approaching, the Christian Democrats announced in March that they would support the constitutional amendment.Allowing the opposition to control the terms of the debate has been a critical mistake for the research community.Scientists have not effectively communicated to the public that animal experiments are necessary for medical progress."People are not informed about
THE MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DISORDERS OF SPEECH
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hereditary Galactosemia
Authors: R. G. Hansen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Galactosemia results from a hereditary defect of the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase enzyme, which is necessary for proper metabolism of the sugar, galactose (Fig 1). This molecular disease provides a useful model for the consequences of mutations in humans which alter gene, function. Molecular disease, as a concept, is not new, but progress in understanding these inborn enzyme defects has been striking during the last decade.<sup>1</sup>The advances made in the understanding of both the biochemistry and genetics of these hereditary diseases have resulted in improved medical practice. Galactosemia is a molecular disease which exemplifies the classical model of an autosomal-recessive disorder.<sup>2,3</sup>Because human erythrocytes reflect the pathways of metabolism of galactose, they have been a convenient source of tissue for biochemical and genetic analysis.<sup>4</sup>By chemical manipulation of isolated erythrocytes the occurrence of galactosemia can be determined with certainty and heterozygotes or carriers from both the diseased