tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B-cell epitopes on the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein determined by human monospecific antibodies
Authors: T Akatsuka
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Four monospecific antibodies against the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein, which was expressed by recombinant baculovirus, were obtained by Epstein-Barr virus transformation of B cells from three patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. One of these antibodies was IgG and the other three were IgM. Their specificities were characterized initially by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting against hepatitis C virus proteins expressed by six recombinant baculoviruses with different hepatitis C virus sequence insertions. These specificities were confirmed, and their epitopes were more precisely determined with a series of overlapping decapeptides made by solid-phase pin technology. Two antibodies (1F4 and 2G6) reacted with the same peptides located near the amino(N)-terminus of nucleocapsid protein (amino acids 33–50). The third antibody (3B5) recognized the peptide consisting of amino acids 133–142, and the fourth antibody (3B9) was mapped to the carboxy(C)-terminus and reacted with a peptide consisting of amino acids 165–174. This epitope has not previously been reported. Two antibodies, 1F4 and 3B9, which are specific to the N-terminus and C-terminus of nucleocapsid protein, respectively, have been stably produced for more than 6 mo and are being subcloned to establish monoclonality. These antibodies should be useful reagents for the study of hepatitis C virus. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:503–510.)
Abstract 1173: Gq Signaling Mediates High Blood Pressure and Hypertrophy in Two Divergent Models of Hypertension
Authors: David M Harris, Heather I Cohn, Stephanie Pesant, Rui-Hai Zhou, Andrea D Eckhart
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Hypertension (HBP) is associated with increased levels of AngII and NE, which bind to Gq-coupled receptors. Many animal models and humans with HBP have increased levels of G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in vascular smooth muscle(VSM), which causes HBP. We tested whether inhibiting VSM Gq signaling by expressing of an intracellular peptide (GqI) decreased HBP and cardiac hypertrophy, in two divergent murine models of HBP: the 2 kidney, 1 clip (2K1C)model and a genetic mouse model that overexpresses G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in VSM. Methods: GqI mice and their non-transgenic littermate controls (C) were subjected to 2K1C. Conscious BP was measured via radiotelemetry and echo(m-mode) was performed before and 4 wks post 2K1C. Increasing doses of AngII were added to aortic rings. To test the efficacy of GqI in the 2K1C model, we also treated mice with Losartan, an AngII-receptor blocker. We crossbred GRK2 mice (have HBP) with GqI. We measured BP, echo, and did immunohistology on these hearts. Results: GqI mice had lower BP vs. C after 2K1C (111 ± 3 vs. 125 ± 4 mmHg, n = 8,8). Although, there was a decrease in BP in GqI mice following 2K1C, cardiac hypertrophy still occurred. There were similar increases in ventricular wall thickness (VWT) between C and GqI 4 weeks post 2K1C (C: 1.00 ±.05 vs. .79 ±.03 mm, n = 10,15; GqI: .93 ± .03 vs. .76 ± .02 mm, n = 20,19). There were also similar decreases in cardiac function after 2K1C measured by fractional shortening (FS) in C (35.7 ± 1.3 vs. 26.0 ± 1.9%, n = 10,15) and GqI (34.2 ± 0.8 vs. 25.9 ± 1.4, n = 20,19). The dose response curve to AngII in aortic rings was right-shifted 2.4 fold in GqI mice vs. C, suggesting decreased AngII sensitivity in GqI mice. Losartan normalized VWT in both C and GqI after 2K1C (0.77 ± .03 and 0.77 ± .02 mm) and FS (32.9 ± 0.7 and 32.0 ± 0.9%, n = 10,8). Hybrid GRK2/GqI mice had decreased BP vs. GRK2 (87.5 ± 6.3 vs. 111.6 ± 3.1 mmHg, n = 5,7). Hybrid GRK2/GqI mice also had less VSM hypertrophy than GRK2 (23.8 ± 1.9 vs. 32.9 ± 2.5 um, n = 6,3). Conclusions: We show that Gq signaling is important in 2 models of HBP. It appears that Gq signaling contributes to high BP through both AngII signaling and VSM hypertrophy. These data suggests that inhibition of VSM Gq signaling may provide future therapeutic strategies to treat HBP and HF.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors—United States, 1999-2004
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious condition associated with premature mortality, decreased quality of life, and increased health-care expenditures. Untreated CKD can result in end-stage renal disease and necessitate dialysis or kidney transplantation. Risk factors for CKD include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. To estimate the prevalence of CKD in the United States (overall and by health risk factors and other characteristics), CDC analyzed the most recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that 16.8% of the U.S. population aged >/=20 years had CKD, according to 1999-2004 NHANES data, compared with 14.5% from the 1988-1994 NHANES (i.e., NHANES III), an increase of 15.9% based on crude estimates of prevalence. Persons with diabetes or cardiovascular disease had a greater prevalence of CKD than persons without those conditions. The results underscore the need to continue surveillance for CKD and its risk factors in the United States and to implement new strategies to reduce the number of persons with this condition.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Postpartum weight retention increases lifetime risk of obesity and related morbidity, but few eff ective interventions exist for multicultural, low-income women.In a randomized clinical trial by Phelan and colleagues of 371 low-income postpartum women, an internetbased weight loss program compared with standard care from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) resulted in signifi cantly greater weight loss over 12 months.In an Editorial, Tsai and Nicholson note that clinical guidelines may need to be adapted for individual patients or patient groups because some new mothers may be able to achieve weight loss with lifestyle interventions that do not require in-person visits.
The psychological problems of Vietnam veterans
Authors: J. I. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ALMOST a decade after the end of the longest war in US history, there are indications that our society is becoming aware of the emotional conflicts of the Vietnam combat veteran.<sup>1</sup>Current releases by the cinema, television, and the popular press have helped us view the Vietnam serviceman in a more empathetic light. With researchers<sup>2,3</sup>estimating that as many as 1.5 million Vietnam combat veterans may be suffering from a stress disorder, the renewed interest in the Vietnam veteran will result in friends and relatives of servicemen questioning physicians about the diagnosis and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. <h3>Problems of the Vietnam Veteran</h3> Problems of the Vietnam veteran are immense and continue to escalate. Of the 2,769,000 men who served in Vietnam, 57,002 were killed, 303,704 were wounded (<i>Center Magazine</i>, July-August 1979, pp 27-36), and 512,000 Vietnam-era veterans have sustained some kind of medical disability rating.<sup>4</sup>It
Fats and multiple sclerosis.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The milder forms of acute myocarditis are often unrecog- nized clinically.Their prevalence is unknown, but they must be rare in relation to the frequency of viral disease.Features to alert the clinician to the diagnosis include tachycardia out of proportion to the patient's tempera- ture and in the absence of anaemia or thyrotoxicosis; both of these must be remembered in the differential diag- nosis.Suggestive symptoms include a recent respiratory in- fection followed by undue fatigue, pleural or pericardial pain, dyspnoea, and palpitation.On examination, excessive tachy- cardia at rest and on mild effort, or ectopic beats on effort, may be found.A triple rhythm is a more frequent auscultatory finding than murmurs.The E.C.G. may show changes in the T and R-T waves, and radiographs may show lung field changes and cardiomegaly.Confusion can be caused by the chance finding of abnormal signs or E.C.G. changes in patients already suffering from one of the chronic cardiomyo- pathies; however, in these patients the more severe E.C.G. changes are usually diagnostic.Occasionally "silent" coronary disease is suspected, and coronary angiography may be re- quired to exclude this possibility.Therapeutically, rest has been shown to be the best measure'4 in a variety of forms of myocarditis.As the disease becomes better recognized it is increasingly clear that myocarditis in adults no longer has so gloomy a prognosis as was formerly believed.K. Bergstrom and col- leagues'5 have studied 15 such adults one to four years after the acute illness (excluding cases of rheumatic carditis).In the acute illness of these patients presenting symptoms and signs included tachycardia, precordial pain, pericardial rub, and triple rhythm.Serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased in some cases, and electrocardiographic changes were found in most.Follow-up studies showed that 14 of the 15 patients returned to work after 11-8 months.E.C.G. changes were still found in five patients; 13 were clinically well one to four years later.The authors advised cautious physical training as part of the convalescence for their patients.As with rheumatic carditis, it would appear that the long-term prognosis may be related to the degree of myocardial damage at the time of the initial diagnosis, when bed rest is likewise the most effective treat- ment.
A multicenter random assignment phase II study of irinotecan and flavopiridol versus irinotecan alone for patients with p53 wild-type gastric adenocarcinoma (NCI 8060).
Authors: M. A. Shah, E. C. Smyth, S. Shibata, W. Yong, L. H. Tang, Y. Y. Janjigian, D. P. Kelsen, G. K. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS209 Background: Cell cycle-mediated drug resistance is an emerging concept in which intrinsic cell cycle checkpoints within the malignant cell induce cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in response to DNA damage (Shah, Clin Can Res 2001). A key regulator of cell cycle mediated drug resistance is p53: by induction of p21 resulting in cell cycle arrest and inhibition of Rad51 resulting in inhibition of homologous recombination DNA repair(Ambrosini, Cancer Res 2008). In preclinical models and early phase clinical studies, tumors wild-type for p53 (p53wt) are observed to be relatively refractory to irinotecan based therapy when compared with tumors with non-functional or mutant p53. Preclinical studies further demonstrate that sequential the sequential administration of flavopiridol can overcome p53 mediated drug resistance. In a randomized phase II study, we propose to demonstrate the presence of cell cycle mediated drug resistance in p53wt gastric cancer, and further to demonstrate that this resistance can be overcome with the sequential administration of flavopiridol following irinotecan. If successful, we will have established an important new concept of drug resistance, and identified a clinical signal of a new strategy to overcome this resistance. Methods: This is an NCI-sponsored multicenter randomized phase II study of irinotecan with and without flavopiridol in patients with advanced p53wt gastric adenocarcinoma. p53wt tumors are defined as ≤ 20% nuclear staining for p53 by IHC(D07 antibody). Pts must have received one prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. Pts are randomized on a 2:1 ratio to Arm A irinotecan 100 mg/m2 followed 7 h later by flavopiridol 50 mg/m2 administered over 1h) or Arm B (irinotecan 100 mg/m2), respectively. The primary endpoint is 3-mo PFS. With 75 pts, we have 88% power and type I error of 10%. Approximately 30 patients with assessable tissue will undergo pre- and post-treatment biopsies to demonstrate molecular mechanism of p53 mediated drug resistance, including p21 induction and Rad51 loss. We have screened 9 patients to date, of which 6 are p53wt, and 4 have enrolled on study. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration sanofi-aventis
A stepwise strategy for the stent treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions Manuel Pan, Jose Suarez de Lezo, Alfonso Medina, Miguel Romero, Jose Segura, Antonio Ramirez, Djordje Pavlovic, Enrique Hernandez, Soledad Ojeda, Carmen Adamuz, Ricardo Huerta, Antonio Delgado. Reina Sofia Hospital, Cordoba, Spain, Negrin Hospital, Las Palmas, Spain
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Total volume paracentesis decreases variceal pressure, size, and variceal wall tension in cirrhotic patients
Authors: D. Kravetz, G. Romero, J. Argonz, M. Guevara, A. Suarez, R. Abecasis, M. Bildozola, J. Valero, R. Terg
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

It has been suggested that ascites is a risk factor for variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. However, no data of total volume paracentesis (TVP) effects on variceal hemodynamics has yet been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TVP on variceal pressure, size, and tension in cirrhotic patients. Before sclerotherapy, 18 cirrhotic patients with grade II esophageal varices were studied. The following measurements were performed on 12 patients at basal condition and after TVP: inferior vena cava pressure, esophageal pressure (EP), and intravariceal pressure (IVP) by direct punction and variceal size at endoscopy. The same measurements were performed at basal condition and 1 hour later without TVP on the other 6 patients used as a control group. Variceal pressure gradient (VPG) and variceal wall tension (WT) were calculated. Paracentesis and intra– abdominal pressure were obtained with a direct punction. No demographic differences were observed between both groups. Paracentesis produced a significant reduction of IVP (from 25.6 ± 2.4 to 17.9 ± 2.1 mm Hg, means ± SEM, –30%, P &lt; .05), VPG (from 16.6 ± 2.4 to 10.8 ± 1.4 mm Hg, –35%, P &lt; .05). TVP also reduced variceal size (from 9 ± 0.3 to 5.6 + 0.4 mm, –38%, P &lt; .05) and WT (from 75.3 ± 11.6 to 30 ± 4.7 mm Hg. mm, –60%, P &lt; .05). Intra–abdominal pressure decreased from 18 ± 2.2 to 4 ± 0.9 mm Hg ( P &lt; .05), and IVC decreased from 15.5 ± 2.4 to 5.7 ± 1.5 mm Hg ( P &lt; .05). No significant differences were observed in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. The mean ascitic fluid removed was 8 ± 0.71 L. No significant difference between measurements was observed in the control group. Our results show that TVP significantly decreases variceal pressure and tension. These results suggest that ascites removal can be useful in the treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.
Products Identified at an Alternative Disinfection Pilot Plant
Authors: Ben W. Lykins, Wayne Koffskey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Many drinking water utilities have recently changed or are seriously considering changing their disinfection practice from chlorine to some alternative treatment process. However, most of these utilities are changing their disinfectants without evaluating chemical impacts. Therefore, a research cooperative agreement was developed with Jefferson Parish, LA, to evaluate four parallel streams treated with four different disinfectants (chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone.) These streams, along with a fifth parallel stream, which was not treated with a disinfectant (control), were passed through both sand and granular activated carbon (GAC). Ozonation reduced the total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic halide (TOX) concentration by 0.3 mg/L and 10 micrograms/L, respectively. The average concentration of TOC for the other disinfectants was comparable to that associated with the nondisinfected stream (3.3 mg/L). The average instantaneous TOX concentration for chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and chlorine disinfection after 30 min contact time increased by 60, 92, and 238 micrograms/L, respectively, from a nondisinfected concentration of 25 micrograms/L. The volatile organics most affected by disinfection (chlorination) were the trihalomethanes. No significant change in concentration was noted after disinfection for the other volatile organics evaluated, such as 1,2-dichlorethane, dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride. Ozonation produced an average concentration reduction of 11 to 84% for most of the nonvolatiles evaluated. Conversely, a concentration increase of 43 to 100% was noted, after chlorination, for some of the nonvolatile organics.
Roentgen Manifestations of Traumatic Pulmonary Fat Embolism
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serendipity, lithium, and the affective psychoses
Authors: B. S. Schoenberg
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is remarkable how often serendipity plays a role in scientific discovery, especially in the field of medicine. I enjoyed reading Levy's paper concerning the use of lithium salts in the treatment of affective psychoses.<sup>1</sup>I was somewhat disappointed, however, in his not mentioning the fascinating story of how Cade came upon the idea to use lithium in the treatment of manic-depressive disorders. As Cade himself describes it: In the course of some investigations by the writer into the toxicity of urea when injected intraperitoneally into guinea-pigs, it appeared desirable to ascertain whether uric acid enhanced this toxicity. The great difficulty was the insolubility of uric acid in water, so the most soluble urate was chosen— the lithium salt. When an aqueous solution of 8% urea, saturated with lithium urate, was injected, the toxicity was far less than expected. It looked as if the lithium ion
Software
Authors: Roy L. DeHart
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperdynamic circulation in a chronic murine schistosomiasis model of portal hypertension
Authors: S Sarin
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Chronic murine schistosomiasis is a natural disease model of portal hypertension closely mimicking the clinical and histological features of human hepatic schistosomiasis. We studied the splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in the murine model of schistosomiasis by radioactive microsphere technique. Mice infected with 60 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni (n = 8) were studied hemodynamically 11 wk after the infection and were compared with age-matched healthy controls (n = 11). Mean portal venous inflow in the infected mice (3.82 ± 0.32 ml/min) was 61% higher than in the healthy animals (2.37 ± 0.25 ml/min; p < 0.01). A twofold increase in hepatic arterial flow was also seen in mice with schistosomiasis (0.47 ± 0.14 ml/min) as compared with controls (0.16 ± 0.03 ml/min; p < 0.05), whereas splanchnic arteriolar resistance (60.91 ± 7.64 vs. 101.21 ± 11.06 mm Hg · min · ml−1. gm; p < 0.05) and peripheral vascular resistance (112.05 ± 14.05 vs 254.53 ± 29.86 mm Hg · min ml−1 · gm; p < 0.01) were reduced. There was a significant increase in cardiac index (752 ± 99 vs. 453 ± 55 ml · min−1 · kg body weight−1; p < 0.05) and reduction in mean arterial pressure (81.37 ± 3.09 vs. 101.45 ± 5.85 mm Hg; p < 0.05) in the infected animals compared with controls. These observations clearly demonstrate the existence of a hyperdynamic circulatory state in this model of portal hypertension. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:581–584.)
Diphtheria.
Authors: Q. C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In reference to your editorial remarks on diphtheria, inThe Journalof December 19, 1891, we desire to say a few words. Of diphtheria you say: " Now that it has been settled beyond all cavil that the<i>false membrane</i>(italics mine) is the place of formation of the poisons which produce all the symptoms of this disease, it is clear that the time for interference is at the beginning of the trouble, and not after great extension of the membrane has made its destruction almost impossible. Therefore the time for diagnosis is early, and the first appearance of a false membrane in the throat, no matter how slight, no matter how mild, is the time to say ' diphtheria,' and to act accordingly." Now this cautious policy is all very good, as far as it goes —and it goes a long way—but it does not cover the case,
Myo-, Myelo
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal