tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Visual Hallucinations in Patients With Choroidal Neovascularization
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Industrial Tuberculosis Experience in 1918
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
International findings point to third hepatitis virus
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

One of the long-sought viruses of non-A, non-B hepatitis may have been discovered. If the preliminary findings identifying the agent hold up—and there are reports suggesting that they will—the way would be open toward preventing a major remaining form of hepatitis. This prevention could be accomplished both by screening out the agent from blood used for transfusions and possibly also by developing a vaccine along the lines of the present agent against hepatitis B. The end result would be to reduce still further the incidence of this major and often fatal liver disease. About 90% of transfusion-associated hepatitis is caused by the non-A, non-B agent, according to experts. Ever since the two viruses of hepatitis—A and B—were identified, epidemiologic evidence has pointed to at least a third hepatitis virus. But it has eluded identification. Now a group of investigators working in the United States and Sweden believes it has found
Heat-Related Deaths—Los Angeles County, California, 1999-2000, and United States, 1979-1998
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Heat-related deaths typically occur during summer months. Many of these deaths are preventable. This report describes four cases of heat-related deaths in Los Angeles County, California, during 1999-2000, compares age-, sex-, and race-specific rates in Los Angeles County and the United States during 1979-1998, and summarizes trends in the United States during 1979-1998. Relatives, neighbors, and caretakers of persons at risk for heat-related death should frequently evaluate heat-related hazards, recognize symptoms of heat-related morbidity, and take appropriate preventive action.
Psychology: Normal and Abnormal with Special Reference to the Needs of Medical Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone loss after liver transplantation
Authors: J MCDONALD
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We studied 35 adult patients (mean age = 43 yr) referred for orthotopic liver transplantation. Spinal bone mineral density was measured by quantitative computed tomography scanning before transplantation (n = 35) and at 3 mo (n = 21) and 12 mo (n = 11) after orthotopic liver transplantation. The readings were corrected to age 50 yr, using the regression equations derived from normal control subjects. Quantitative bone histological studies were performed in 17 patients before orthotopic liver transplantation and 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation. Before orthotopic liver transplantation, the corrected spinal bone mineral density in men was 108 ± 20 mg/cm3, less than in male control subjects (129 ± 22 mg/cm3, p < 0.005). In women patients the value was 117 ± 27 mg/cm3, and in female control subjects 126 ± 19 mg/cm3 (NS). However, women patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had lower spinal bone mineral density (106.5 ± 14.8) than female control subjects (p < 0.005). Histologically, the resorbing surface was near the normal mean, whereas the osteoblast surface, tetracycline surface and bone formation rate was lower in men (p < 0.05) but not women. Spinal bone mineral density decreased by 24% in the first 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation with no further decrease at 12 mo. Five patients had vertebral fractures within 6 mo of orthotopic liver transplantation. One patient fractured a wrist and three had osteonecrosis of the hip or knee. Bone histological studies 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation showed no change in resorbing surface but an increase in osteoblast surface from 2.1% ± 3.0% to 6.0% ± 7.0% (p < 0.05), increased bone formation in men (21 ± 31 to 80 ± 96 μm2/mm2 p < 0.05) and serum osteocalcin increased from 2.3 ± 0.3 pg/ml before transplantation to 5.9 ± 1.8 pg/ml (p <0.05). Bone loss was related to the number of hospital days after orthotopic liver transplantation (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) but not to any other factor, including prednisone and cyclosporin dose. The study shows that bone mass is reduced in men with end-stage liver failure and that considerable bone loss occurs in the first 3 mo after orthotopic liver transplantation, frequently resulting in vertebral fractures. The exact cause of the bone loss is not clear, although immobilization appears to be important, probably in combination with corticosteroid therapy. The cellular changes causing this bone loss must occur very early after orthotopic liver transplantation because by 3 mo after transplantation, increased bone formation had begun to occur. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:613–619.)
Antioxidant consumption and repletion kinetics in nasal lavage fluid following exposure of healthy human volunteers to ozone
Authors: I.S. Mudway, A. Blomberg, A.J. Frew, S.t Holgate, T. Sandström, F.J. Kelly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

This study investigated whether a high dietary intake or serum concentration of antioxidant (pro-) vitamins could attenuate the acute respiratory effects of air pollution in panels of adults (n = 227) aged 50-70 yrs with chronic respiratory symptoms in two winters starting in 1993/1994. Subjects performed daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements in the morning and evening and reported the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in two regions (urban and nonurban) each winter. Logistic regression analysis was used with the prevalences of large PEF decrements as dependent variables and air pollution levels as independent variables. Analyses were performed separately for subjects below and above the median levels of serum beta-carotene and the intake of dietary vitamin C and beta-carotene. Subjects with low levels of serum beta-carotene more often had large PEF decrements when particles &lt;10 microm in diameter or black smoke levels which were higher compared to subjects with high levels of serum beta-carotene. The same results tended to be observed for dietary vitamin C or beta-carotene, but there were less significant air pollution effects in the low dietary antioxidant group. The results suggest that serum beta-carotene and to a lesser extent dietary vitamin C and beta-carotene may attenuate peak expiratory flow decrements due to air pollution in subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms.
Public Health Aspects of the Rainbow Family of Living Light Annual Gathering—Allegheny National Forest, Pennsylvania, 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The Rainbow Family of Living Light (RFLL) is a loosely organized group that developed out of the late 1960s counterculture movement. RFLL has had a 2-week "Gathering for World Peace and the Healing of the Earth" in a different national forest each summer since 1972. For the June 21-July 10, 1999, gathering, RFLL selected the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania. The site was not accessible by vehicle and was an hour's walk to the nearest road. No sanitary facilities were available, and water from streams was consumed without treatment. Approximately 20,000 persons attended from the United States and several foreign countries. The state health department requested federal assistance to establish and maintain public health surveillance and to advise on outbreak prevention and control. This report describes the public health aspects of the gathering and presents recommendations for the management of health risks at large outdoor events.
Comprehensive Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life After Contemporary Therapies for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: John T. Wei, Rodney L. Dunn, Howard M. Sandler, P. William McLaughlin, James E. Montie, Mark S. Litwin, Linda Nyquist, Martin G. Sanda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) concerns are pivotal in choosing prostate cancer therapy. However, concurrent HRQOL comparison between brachytherapy, external radiation, radical prostatectomy, and controls is hitherto lacking. HRQOL effects of hormonal adjuvants and of cancer control after therapy also lack prior characterization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients who underwent brachytherapy, external-beam radiation, or radical prostatectomy during 4 years at an academic medical center and to age-matched controls. HRQOL among controls was compared with therapy groups. Comparison between therapy groups was performed using regression models to control covariates. HRQOL effects of cancer progression were evaluated. RESULTS: One thousand fourteen subjects participated. Compared with controls, each therapy group reported bothersome sexual dysfunction; radical prostatectomy was associated with adverse urinary HRQOL; external-beam radiation was associated with adverse bowel HRQOL; and brachytherapy was associated with adverse urinary, bowel, and sexual HRQOL (P ≤ .0002 for each). Hormonal adjuvant symptoms were associated with significant impairment (P &lt; .002). More than 1 year after therapy, several HRQOL outcomes were less favorable among subjects after brachytherapy than after external radiation or radical prostatectomy. Progression-free subjects reported better sexual and hormonal HRQOL than subjects with increasing prostate-specific antigen (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSION: Long-term HRQOL after prostate brachytherapy showed no benefit relative to radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiation and may be less favorable in some domains. Hormonal adjuvants can be associated with significant impairment. Progression-free survival is associated with HRQOL benefits. These findings facilitate patient counseling regarding HRQOL expectations and highlight the need for prospective studies sensitive to urinary irritative and hormonal concerns in addition to incontinence, sexual, and bowel HRQOL domains.
Rehabilitation after cardiac transplantation
Authors: L. K. Christopherson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The physical, occupational, and social status of 56 patients who survived six or more months after cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center was reviewed. Fifty-one (91%) were classified as successfully rehabilitated. Four (7%) retained substantial physical disability, and one (2%) experienced psychiatric disability. These results demonstrate the therapeutic usefulness of cardiac transplantation in carefully selected recipients. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2082-2084, 1976)
Long-term interleukin 10 therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients has a proviral and anti-inflammatory effect
Authors: David R. Nelson, Zhengkun Tu, Consuelo Soldevila-Pico, Manal Abdelmalek, Haizhen Zhu, Yi Ling Xu, Roniel Cabrera, Chen Liu, Gary L. Davis
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

An imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cytokine production is implicated in disease progression of HCV. Our aim was to determine the effect of IL–10 administration in patients with HCV–related liver disease. Thirty patients with advanced fibrosis who had failed antiviral therapy were enrolled in a 12–month treatment regimen with SQ IL–10 given daily or thrice weekly. Liver biopsies were performed before and after therapy. Serum and PBMC were collected for HCV RNA, ALT, and functional T–cell analysis. IL–10 led to significant improvement in serum ALT (mean ALT: day 0 = 142 ± 17 vs. month 12 = 75 ± 10; P &lt; .05). Hepatic inflammation score decreased by at least 2 in 13 of 28 patients (mean decrease from 4.6 ± 0.3 to 3.7 ± 0.3, P &lt; .05) and 11 of 28 showed a reduction in fibrosis score (mean change from 5.0 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 0.3, P &lt; .05). Serum HCV RNA levels increased by 0.5 log during therapy (mean HCV RNA day 0: 12.3 ± 3.0 Meq/mL; 12 months: 38 Meq/mL; P &lt; .05) and returned to baseline at the end of follow–up (11.0 ± 2.4 Meq/ml). Five patients developed viral loads of greater than 120 Meq/mL and two of these developed an acute flare in serum ALT. IL–10 caused a decrease in the number of HCV–specific CD4 + and CD8 + IFN–γ secreting T cells and alterations in PBMC cytokine production towards a Th2 dominant profile. These changes parallel the improvement in ALT and rise in HCV RNA. In conclusion, long–term rIL–10 therapy appears to decrease disease activity, but also leads to increased HCV viral burden via alterations in immunologic viral surveillance. (Hepatology 2003;38:859-868).
Evaluation of left ventricular outflow tract area after septal reduction in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic study Marta Sitges, Takahiro Shiota, Harry M. Lever, Jian Xin Qin, Fabrice Bauer, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Yong Jin Kim, Jeannie K. Drinko, Deborah A. Agler, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Nicholas G. Smedira, Bruce W. Lytle, James D. Thomas. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Prevalence of Work Disability—United States, 1990
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Work disability, defined as the inability to perform work as a result of a physical, mental, or other health condition, costs approximately $111.6 billion each year in direct and indirect medical costs and lost wages. National health objectives for the year 2000 are to increase the span of healthy life for persons in the United States and to reduce the proportion of persons experiencing disability from chronic conditions (as defined by CDC's National Health Interview Survey) to a maximum of 8% (baseline: 9.4% in 1988) (objective 17.2). This report presents national and state-specific prevalence rates of work disability in the United States for 1990 and compares rates with those for 1980.
Abstract 4197: Long-term follow-up of a racially and ethnically diverse population of patients with localized prostate cancer who did not undergo initial active treatment
Authors: Jeff Slezak, Stephen Van Den Eeden, Kimberly L. Cannavale, Gary W. Chein, Chun R. Chao
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Long-term studies of men who were not initially treated for prostate cancer have been limited, especially among ethnic minorities. We sought to provide detailed long-term outcomes of a large, diverse cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1997 and 2007 in a large managed care organization. Methods: Incident prostate cancer cases diagnosed at localized stage were identified using a SEER cancer registry. Treatments were identified by the cancer registry and patients’ medical records. Men were excluded if an initial course of treatment was started within 6 months of diagnosis. All patients were followed to identify later initiation of treatment, suspected prostate cancer metastasis or death. Suspected metastases were manually reviewed and confirmed. Death due to prostate cancer (PCD) was identified using the underlying cause of death on the death certificate. Competing risks methods were used to estimate the cumulative incidence of treatment initiation or metastasis (naive of treatment), and the incidence of death due to prostate cancer or other causes. Results: A total of 6207 men were included: 60.4% white, 18.9% Black, 15.2% Hispanic and 5.5% Asian or Pacific Islander (API). At 19 years after diagnosis, the estimated incidence of treatment initiation, metastasis, PCD, and death due to other causes was 39.1%, 13.4%, 12.0% and 52.9%, respectively. Rates of treatment initiation at 19 years were highest in Hispanic (44.5%) and Black (44.7%) men, compared to 35.4% in white and 38.6% in API men. Rates of treatment-naïve metastasis as well as PCD were highest in Blacks (19.3% and 14.1%, respectively) and lowest among Hispanics (7.7% and 9.9%, respectively). API men had low rates of PCD through the first 10 years after diagnosis (2.4% compared to 5.6-6.9% for other groups), after which rates increased and at 19 years their estimated rates of PCD (12.0%) approximated those of whites (11.7%). Conclusions: Significant risks of metastasis and prostate cancer death remains even 15 years after diagnosis among men who were initially untreated. Notably, there is an apparent increasing risk of PCD in API more than 10 years after diagnosis. Citation Format: Jeff Slezak, Stephen Van Den Eeden, Kimberly L. Cannavale, Gary W. Chein, Chun R. Chao. Long-term follow-up of a racially and ethnically diverse population of patients with localized prostate cancer who did not undergo initial active treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4197.
Prometheus revisited
Authors: Kai-Yuan Chen, Xiling Shen, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

The liver's extraordinary ability to regenerate has been known since the myth of Prometheus, but the mechanisms involved are still being discovered. Various small animal models have been used in this quest. Two of the most popular include partial hepatectomy (PHx), in which two-thirds of the liver mass is surgically removed to evoke a massive, immediate stimulus for regeneration, and prolonged exposure to toxins that kill liver cells more gradually, provoking chronic regenerative activity. In either case, multiple types of cells must interact effectively to repopulate the organ with functional mature hepatocytes and thus assure ultimate restoration of healthy liver structure and function. This complexity has confounded efforts to distinguish specific changes that occur in cells that repopulate the hepatocyte compartment from changes in other cell populations, including subpopulations of hepatocytes or hepatocyte precursors that do not become regenerative. In the current issue of the JCI, Wang et al. used translating ribosome affinity purification followed by high-throughput RNA sequencing (TRAP-seq) to isolate mRNAs from repopulating hepatocytes in order to profile gene expression specifically in the hepatocytes that regenerate the liver following toxic injury imposed by inherent byproducts of tyrosine metabolism. This innovative methodology can potentially be used to design therapeutic strategies for liver regeneration.
Gray on Nervous and Mental Diseases. A Treatise on Nervous and Mental Diseases.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertensive Crisis
Authors: Frank A. Finnerty
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HYPERTENSIVE encephalopathy is a syndrome consisting of a sudden elevation of arterial blood pressure usually preceded by severe headache and followed by convulsions, coma, or a variety of transitory cerebral phenomena. The syndrome may complicate any type of hypertension, acute glomerulonephritis, toxemia of pregnancy, or essential or malignant hypertension. From the hemodynamic standpoint, encephalopathy is associated with an increase in arterial blood pressure, diminished cerebral blood flow, and cerebral arteriolar constriction. The constancy of increased blood pressure and the frequency of a sharp rise in arterial blood pressure preceding the attack, suggests that the hypertension (or the phenomena that are concerned in its production) are causally related to the cerebral syndrome. The sudden waxing and waning, the variability and the transitory nature of the cerebral phenomena seen in all types of hypertensive encephalopathy suggest a rapid decrease in cerebral blood flow caused by a sudden increase in cerebral vasoconstriction. The