tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of anticoagulants in preventing embolization from prosthetic heart valves
Authors: H. L. Gadboys
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In this study, 111 patients, discharged from the hospital after prosthetic heart valve replacement, were followed for evidence of embolization. Ninety-three patients received anticoagulant therapy and five had embolic episodes (5%). In contrast, systemic emboli developed in eight of 18 patients (44%) who were not given anticoagulants. Documented hemorrhagic complications occurred nine times and there were two other suspicious incidents. Prothrombin times during the occurrence of these complications were known in ten instances and were prolonged above therapeutic levels in nine of these cases. There have been eleven late deaths (10%). Precise anticoagulation appears to be of value in reducing thromboembolism from prosthetic valves. However, careful control is necessary to minimize hemorrhagic complications.
THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights from this issue
Authors: The Triumvirate
Journal: Thorax (2020)

The TriumvirateAs we write this month's Airwaves citizens, scientists and politicians around the world are preparing for a second wave of COVID-19 cases while hoping their fears are groundless.This month's airwaves takes the "second wave" as its theme and we explore reappearances and recurrences -both welcome and unwelcome.We bring you chimpanzees, off-target effects and dental extractions.
Who benefits?
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> Preventing traffic crashes reduces crash costs paid by employers and employees. The related savings filter through the economy, impacting its performance. This study is the first to measure the impact of traffic crash reduction on a national economy. It focuses on impaired driving crashes. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the impact of the almost 50% alcohol-involved driving crash rate reduction from 1984–1986 to 2010 and the impact if such crashes in 2010 had not occurred. The analysis entered published estimates of costs that employers, consumers and governments paid because of US impaired-driving crashes as production costs and demand changes in Rutgers University9s input–output model of the US economy. For example, reducing medical costs paid by employers lowers the cost of labour inputs to production while reducing vehicle repairs raises demand for other goods. Running the model at current and alternative crash rates revealed the impacts of crash reductions on economic output, gross domestic product (GDP), national income and employment. <h3>Results</h3> Alcohol-involved crash reductions since 1984–1986 increased economic output in 2010 by an estimated $20 billion, raised GDP by $10 billion, increased US income by $6.5 billion, and created 215 000 jobs. GDP gains from alcohol-involved crash reduction contributed 5% of the $200 million compounded average annual growth in US GDP from 1985 to 2013. Eliminating remaining alcohol-involved crashes would result in similar economic gains. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Alcohol-involved crashes drag down the US economy. On average, each of the 25.5 billion miles Americans drove impaired in 2010 reduced economic output by $0.80. Those losses are preventable.
Issue Information
Authors: Richard Bucala, Daniel Solomon, Joseph Craft, New Haven, David Felson, Richard Loeser, Chapel Hill, Peter Nigrovic, Janet Pope, Christopher Ritchlin, Betty Tsao, John Varga, Robert Terkeltaub, San Diego, Michael Weinblatt, Paul Sufka, St Paul, Shervin Assassi, Vivian Bykerk, New York, Cecilia Chung, Nashville Meenakshi Jolly, Kim Jones, Maximilian Konig, Linda Li, Uyen-Sa Nguyen, Worth Fort, Jane Diamond, Atlanta Parry, Atlanta Lesley, W Allen, Atlanta Barraza, Atlanta Hamilton, Atlanta Ilani, S Lorber, Atlanta Emily, W Wehby, Atlanta Omer, Atlanta Swett, Haven Roth, Daniel Aletaha, Heather Allore, Daniel Clauw, Ann Arbor, Robert Colbert, Karen Costenbader, Nicola Dalbeth, Kevin Deane, Mark Genovese, Palo Alto, Insoo Kang, Wan-Uk Kim, Carol Langford, Cleveland Liao, Boston Lim, Anne-Marie Malfait, Paul Monach, Chester Oddis, Andras Perl, Jack Porrino, Timothy Radstake, William Robinson, Georg Schett, Nan Shen, Shanghai Van Vollenhoven, Fredrick Wigley, Abhishek Abhishek, Tom Appleton, Bonnie Bermas, Liana Fraenkel, Monica Guma, La Jolla, Nigil Haroon, Erica Herzog, Hui-Chen Hsu, J Kahlenberg, Mariana Kaplan, Jonathan Kay, Francis Lee, Sang-Il Lee, Rik Lories, Bing Lu, Suresh Mahalingam, Aridaman Pandit, Kevin Winthrop, Kazuki Yoshida, Paula Marchetta, Ellen Gravallese, David Karp, Kenneth Saag, Steven Echard, Roy Fleischmann, Aileen Pangan, In-Ho Song, Eduardo Mysler, Louis Bessette, Charles Peterfy, Patrick Durez, Andrew Ostor, Yihan Li, Yijie Zhou, Ahmed Othman, Sacha Flammier, Olivier Peyruchaud, Fanny Bourguillault, François Duboeuf, Jean-Luc Davignon, Derek Norman, Sylvie Isaac, Md Yuzaiful, Md Yusof, Edward Vital, Damien Mcelvenny, Elizabeth Hensor, Sudipto Das, Shouvik Dass
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)
Patterns of immune responses to the host-encoded GOR and hepatitis C virus core-derived epitopes with relation to hepatitis C viremia and disease severity . Hepatology Univ, Fundaci�n Jim�nez D�az, Madrid, Spain
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Long-acting benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide are recommended as first-line treatment for alcohol withdrawal. These drugs are known for their abuse liability and might increase alcohol consumption among problem drinkers. Phenobarbital could be an alternative treatment option, possibly with the drawback of a more pronounced acute toxicity. We evaluated if phenobarbital compared to chlordiazepoxide decreased the risk of subsequent use of benzodiazepines, alcohol recidivism and mortality.The study was a register-based cohort study of patients admitted for alcohol withdrawal 1998–2013 and treated with either phenobarbital or chlordiazepoxide. Patients were followed for one year. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) for benzodiazepine use, alcohol recidivism and mortality associated with alcohol withdrawal treatment, while adjusting for confounders.A total of 1063 patients treated with chlordiazepoxide and 1365 patients treated with phenobarbital were included. After one year, the outcome rates per 100 person-years in the phenobarbital versus the chlordiazepoxide cohort were 9.20 vs. 5.13 for use of benzodiazepine, 37.9 vs. 37.9 for alcohol recidivism and 29 vs. 59 for mortality. Comparing phenobarbital to chlordiazepoxide treated, the HR of subsequent use of benzodiazepines was 1.56 (95%CI 1.05–2.30). Similarly, the HR for alcohol recidivism was 0.99 (95%CI 0.84–1.16). Lastly, the HR for 30-days and 1 year mortality was 0.25 (95%CI 0.08–0.78) and 0.51 (95%CI 0.31–0.86).There was no decreased risk of subsequent benzodiazepine use or alcohol recidivism in patients treated with phenobarbital compared to chlordiazepoxide. Phenobarbital treatment was associated with decreased mortality, which might be confounded by somatic comorbidity among patients receiving chlordiazepoxide.
Correction:<i>Alteration in TET1 as potential biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade in multiple cancers</i>
Authors: Emmanuel Normant, Ammar Adam, Marisa O Peluso, Caroline M Armet, Rachel W O’Connor, Benjamin H Lee, Andrew C Lake, Scott C Chappel, Jonathan A Hill, Vito J Palombella, Pamela M Holland, Alison M Paterson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)

In the article titled 'Alteration in TET1 as potential biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade in multiple cancers', there is the following errors:In the abstract, the sentence 'Among twenty-one key genes involving in the regulation of DNA methylation, TET1-mutant (TET1-MUT) was enriched in patients responding to ICI treatment in the discovery cohort (p<0.001)'should instead read 'Among twenty-one key genes involving in the regulation of DNA methylation, TET1-mutant (TET1-MUT) was enriched in patients responding to ICI treatment in the discovery cohort (p=0.003)'Additionally, in Figure 6: 1. Line 5, 'HLA-DQA1' should be 'HLA-DQA2' 2. Line 51-69 (from ENDRB to TIGIT), the category of these genes 'Other' should be 'Receptor' 3. Line 70-75 (from ARG1 to PRF1), the category of these genes 'Receptor' should be 'Other'.The correct Figure 6 can be seen below:Correction
Preventing perinatal transmission of HIV: the effect of breast-feeding
Authors: A. Nicoll
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As Drs Nicoll and Newell suggest, short-course zidovudine treatment to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV may not be cost-effective in all settings. However, according to our model, such treatment (if shown to be efficacious) may be cost-effective from a societal perspective across a wide range of per capita gross national products, particularly in areas with high HIV prevalence among childbearing women. Considerations for its use in particular settings will depend on the relative importance of HIV prevention among other health needs. We share the concern that increased postnatal HIV transmission in breast-feeding populations could offset some of the benefit achieved by prenatal and perinatal HIV transmission prevention with zidovudine or other strategies. Our model adjusts the number of children at risk for postpartum HIV infection based on changes in prenatal and perinatal HIV transmission rates. For example, in a population in which 100% of the infants are breast-fed with a
Tuberculosis in Europe: another step forward for international surveillance
Authors: Collective Editorial team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Spurred on by the reversal or slowing of the decline in tuberculosis incidence in many countries, the threat of the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and possibly by the success of international AIDS surveillance, European collaborators have completed a pilot study (reported in this issue) of the feasibility of standardising tuberculosis surveillance. Although the case definitions used within countries differ, these differences are unlikely to account for the large variations in the incidence of tuberculosis between countries, ranging in 1995 from 3 per 100 000 in Malta to 102/100 000 in Romania. Equally large differences between countries were observed for the proportions of cases who had been born abroad. The establishment of surveillance for Europe as a whole is likely to strengthen national tuberculosis reporting systems and enable multidrug resistance and the relative effectiveness of control programmes to be monitored closely. When standardised case specific data are shared routinely more sophisticated analyses will be possible, which should enable prevention policies to be selected that will hasten the elimination of “the captain of all these men of death”.
Sequelae of respiratory syncytial virus infections. A role for intervention studies.
Authors: C E Long, J T McBride, C B Hall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in infancy and respiratory abnormalities later in life has been attributed both to a direct effect of the infection itself and to an inherent susceptibility. Observational studies do not allow a rigorous test of these hypotheses. Respiratory syncytial virus infection is universal in the first years of life and no uninfected control group exists. Randomized, controlled trials using new prophylactic agents such as vaccines or specific therapeutic agents will provide a powerful test of the relationship between RSV infection and long-term respiratory sequelae.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Authors: James Gibb Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In the July 1990 inaugural issue of the<i>Journal of the American Society of Nephrology</i>, Dr Jared Grantham, the editor, stated that the new journal would play a vital role in providing the broad field of nephrology with "an outlet for communicating issues of practical concern and for disseminating the exciting new discoveries that will flow from the nephrology laboratories and clinics." The prospect of an outstanding journal to serve American nephrologists by providing a major source for new clinical insights and basic scientific discoveries had been an elusive one since the inauguration of<i>Nephron</i>in 1964. This is so despite 17 English-language nephrology journals currently included in the<i>Index Medicus</i>. In its first 12 months, the<i>Journal of the American Society of Nephrology</i>has worked diligently to provide timely publication of submitted manuscripts. The areas that the editors originally indicated would be covered included clinical nephrology, renal physiology and
Synapses and Sisyphus: life without paraplegin
Authors: H. A. Gelbard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The family of neurodegenerative diseases known as hereditary spastic parapareses have diverse genetic loci, yet there is a remarkable convergence in the neuropathologic and neurologic phenotype. A report describing the construction of a transgenic mouse with a deletion of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation suggests that this family of diseases may reflect activation of a final common pathway involving synaptic dysfunction that progresses to destruction of the presynaptic nerve terminal and axon .
Modulating Factors in the Expression of Radiation-Induced Oncogenic Transformation
Authors: Eric J. Hall, Tom K. Hei
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitative are also the least relevant in terms of human carcinogenesis and human risk estimation. The development of cell culture systems has made it possible to assess at the cellular level the oncogenic potential of a variety of chemical, physical and viral agents. Cell culture systems afford the opportunity to identify factors and conditions that may prevent or enhance cellular transformation by radiation and chemicals. Permissive and protective factors in radiation-induced transformation include thyroid hormone and the tumor promoter TPA that increase the transformation incidence for a given dose of radiation, and retinoids, selenium, vitamin E, and 5-aminobenzamide that inhibit the expression of transformation. Densely ionizing alpha-particles, similar to those emitted by radon daughters, are highly effective in inducing transformations and appear to interact in a supra-additive fashion with asbestos fibers. The activation of a known dominant oncogene has not yet been demonstrated in radiation-induced oncogenic transformation. The most likely mechanism for radiation activation of an oncogene would be via the production of a chromosomal translocation. Radiation also efficiently induces deletions and may thus lead to the loss of a suppressor gene.
ON CREEPING DISEASE
Authors: HARUKICHI TAMURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1921)

Journal Article ON CREEPING DISEASE Get access HARUKICHI TAMURA HARUKICHI TAMURA Dermatological Department, Aichi Medical College, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 33, Issue 4, 1 April 1921, Pages 138–151, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1921.tb12399.x Published: 01 April 1921
Outline of Clinical Psychoanalysis
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2005)

During 15 years of research on the impact of opioids on neuropathic pain, only 607 patients have been randomised in comparative trials of reasonable quality, the longest of which lasted only eight weeks. That's not much to go on but, according to this meta-analysis, it's enough to show fairly conclusively that opioids such as morphine and oxycodone can relieve chronic neuropathic pain if taken regularly for several weeks. Short term treatments such as with fentanyl or intravenous morphine looked less effective, but it's impossible to say for certain because the trials were so small (median 13 patients) and hard to combine in any meaningful way. Credit: JAMA Most of the 403 patients in the longer trials had post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, or phantom pain. Taking opioids for a few weeks reduced their pain by a mean of 14 points on a scale of 1-100 compared with placebo—a 20-30% improvement, which the authors think is clinically meaningful and similar to the pain relief these patients get from other effective treatments such as gabapentin. The commonest side effects were nausea (number needed to harm 3.6), constipation (4.6), drowsiness (5.3), vomiting (6.2), and dizziness (6.7). None of the trials in this review mentioned or measured the risk of addiction or misuse, possibly because in most of them the treatment period was too short for addiction to be a problem. Bigger, better, and longer trials are urgently needed to find out if opioids work long term for these patients, if the risks are acceptable, and if the moderate pain relief reported in this review translates to a better quality of life for patients. JAMA 2005;293: 3043–52 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the commonest idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, but we known little about it beyond the fact that prognosis is generally poor. Studying patients in the placebo arms of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DEisenberg%26rft.auinit1%253DE.%26rft.volume%253D293%26rft.issue%253D24%26rft.spage%253D3043%26rft.epage%253D3052%26rft.atitle%253DEfficacy%2Band%2BSafety%2Bof%2BOpioid%2BAgonists%2Bin%2Bthe%2BTreatment%2Bof%2BNeuropathic%2BPain%2Bof%2BNonmalignant%2BOrigin%253A%2BSystematic%2BReview%2Band%2BMeta-analysis%2Bof%2BRandomized%2BControlled%2BTrials%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.293.24.3043%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15972567%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.293.24.3043&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15972567&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F331%2F7508%2F71.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000229945200020&link_type=ISI
Death of 'Master Magrath.'
Authors: S. Haughton
Journal: BMJ (1872)

i8i animal vigour is here meant not so much bodily strength, as its higher representatives-tenacity of purpose, industry and energy.Premature intellectual development is a sign of inferiority.For lower animals are almost born into the fulness of their mind, but it is chiefly automatic mind-instinct.The inferior races of man reach their development, such as it is, earlier, but never arrive at the development of the superior races.Again, precocious children are not those of whom a high kind of mental ability is expected in after years.Their higher qualities ap- proach too much their lower, in the general sense of being more auto-
THE FORMATION OF BILE PIGMENT
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal