tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TROPICAL TROOPS IN HIGH ALTITUDES.
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occult rupture of the spleen: a dilemma in diagnosis
Authors: D. C. Budd
Journal: JAMA (1976)

TRAUMATIC rupture of the spleen usually presents with profuse intraperitoneal bleeding that requires immediate splenectomy (85%) or may present as a delayed rupture (14%) with massive hemorrhage days to weeks after injury. Rarely (1%), splenic injury may occur without acute symptoms and may remain unsuspected and untreated for months or even years. The patient may then have a confusing variety of signs and symptoms often mistaken for angina, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, intraperitoneal malignancy, or retroperitoneal sarcoma. In 1964, Lorimer<sup>1</sup>first reported this entity (which he called "occult rupture" of the spleen) and stressed the difficulty in establishing the diagnosis and differentiating it from neoplasia <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 53-year-old man was admitted because of chronic epigastric and left upper quadrant abdominal pain of more than a year's duration. Recently the pain had become more severe and frequent, with radiation around the left costal margin and left flank,
ADOLPH FICK (1829-1901) MATHEMATICIAN, PHYSICIST, PHYSIOLOGIST
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE BEHAVIOR OF POX VIRUSES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

Variola virus was cultivated in embryonated eggs from smallpox crusts and maintained through 85 passages. Therein it produced foci of cellular proliferation and necrosis on the chorioallantoic membrane but did not affect the embryo. The virus from egg cultures was inactive in the skin of the rabbit on primary injection and in the testis both initially and on passage. In the monkey it provoked a cutaneous eruption of short duration after an incubation period of 5 days. On nasal instillation in the mouse the virus caused no symptoms and failed to survive on the mucous membrane of the upper air passages. Beginning with the 64th egg passage it was regularly recoverable from the lung, on subinoculation in eggs, through the 5th day and occasionally through the 7th day. Its presence in the lung was attended by progressive pathological changes.
Survival and long-term follow-up of safety and response in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) in a phase I trial of nivolumab (anti-PD-1; BMS-936558; ONO-4538).
Authors: Mario Sznol, Harriet M. Kluger, F. Stephen Hodi, David F. McDermott, Richard D. Carvajal, Donald P. Lawrence, Suzanne Louise Topalian, Michael B. Atkins, John D. Powderly, William Howard Sharfman, Igor Puzanov, David C. Smith, Jon M. Wigginton, Georgia Kollia, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Jeffrey Alan Sosman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

CRA9006^ Background: The monoclonal antibody nivolumab blocks PD-1, an inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor expressed by activated T cells. Pts with previously treated MEL or other tumors received nivolumab IV Q2W during dose escalation and/or cohort expansion in a phase I trial (Topalian et al., NEJM 2012;366:2443). Methods: Pts received ≤12 cycles (4 doses/cycle) of treatment until discontinuation criteria were met. Cohorts of MEL pts were expanded at 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg. We report overall survival data and long-term safety and response data from the MEL pts treated on this study. Results: 107 MEL pts received nivolumab as of July 2012. 103/107 pts (97%) were ECOG PS ≤1 and approximately 25% received ≥3 prior therapies. Median OS was 16.8 months across doses and 20.3 months at the 3 mg/kg dose selected for phase III trials. 44% and 40% of pts were alive at 2 and 3 yrs (Table). ORs were observed at all doses (highest at 3 mg/kg) (Table). Of 29 responders who initiated treatment ≥1 year prior to data analysis, 16 had responses lasting ≥1 year. Drug-related AEs (any grade) occurred in 82% of pts, with Gr 3-4 drug-related AEs in 21% of pts; the most common included lymphopenia (3%), fatigue, and increased lipase (2%). Gr 3-4 drug-related diarrhea (2%), endocrine disorders (2%), and hepatitis (1%) was observed. No Gr ≥3 drug-related pneumonitis was observed in the MEL cohort. Conclusions: In this large cohort of pretreated MEL pts, nivolumab produced durable OS and responses with an acceptable safety profile. OS compares favorably with historical data. Data updated as of Feb 2013 will be reported. Phase III registration trials have been initiated. Clinical trial information: NCT00730639. [Table: see text]
Remote real-time computer system for medical research and diagnosis
Authors: J. F. Dickson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

There has been a growing recognition in recent years of the usefulness of the digital computer in medical research and diagnosis.<sup>1-3</sup>In order to increase the flexibility and effectiveness of our computer for biomedical studies we have developed a real-time computer system that controls complex investigative procedures, rapidly analyzes experimental data, and displays pertinent findings while studies are still in progress.<sup>4,5</sup>Recently, this system has been placed under the remote teletypewriter control of hospital investigators in Boston and at the National Institutes of Health in the interest of facilitating their efforts in research and diagnosis. It is likely that in time such remote computer systems will effectively link medical facilities throughout the country and will service areas where adequate diagnostic facilities are not readily available. <h3>Computer Facility</h3> Our laboratory group is made up of electrical engineers, mathematicians, physicists, and biomedical scientists who are applying communication-engineering concepts, control theory,
Technological Assessment
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The American Medical Association testified against enactment of Public Law 95-623, which established the National Center for Health Care Technology. The AMA took this position, not because assessment of medical technology is unimportant, but because the Association believes that more appropriate methods are in existence to evaluate medical technology. The AMA's position has not changed over the last two years, and therefore it testified against continuation of the Center before hearings held by the 97th Congress on proposed budget restrictions in the health field. The current Administration is proposing the elimination of the Center, with certain of its functions being transferred to another agency. The AMA is proposing, in its own 1982 budget and program of work, evaluation of medical technology. This will be conducted by the AMA Council for Scientific Affairs and will use the Association staff, library facilities, journals, and ad hoc expert committees. Obviously, AMA technological assessments
Phase II Study Of The Combination Of MLN 9708 With Lenalidomide As Maintenance Therapy Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplant In Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jatin J. Shah, Veera Baladandayuthapani, Donna M. Weber, Sheeba K. Thomas, Raymond Alexanian, Michael Wang, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Richard E Champlin, Nina Shah, Qaiser Bashir, Uday R Popat, Yago Nieto, Sairah Ahmed, Simrit Parmar, Robert Z. Orlowski
Journal: Blood (2013)
Errors in Tables and Reference Citations
Authors: Ole Storebø, Erik Simonsen, Christian Gluud, Med Sci
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Rohan Khera, MD; Mohammad Hassan Murad, MD, MPH; Apoorva K. Chandar, MBBS, MPH; Parambir S. Dulai, MD; Zhen Wang, PhD; Larry J. Prokop, MLS; Rohit Loomba, MD, MHSc; Michael Camilleri, MD; Siddharth Singh, MD, MS
Audit
Authors: J Ramage, Farrant Jm, Ins Williams
Journal: Gut (1992)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a frequent complication in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and can be very difficult to detect.Diagnosis of CC pre-transplant is important because recurrence of the tumour is inevitable in the transplanted liver.Carbohydrate antigen 19/9 (CAl9/9) is a tumour marker which is present in the serum in patients with pancreatic, biliary and other upper GI tumours.Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is raised in many gut-related tumours.We aimed to measure CA19/9 and CEA levels in three groups of patient: A. 8 patients with PSC known to have CC in the explanted liver at transplantation.B. 16 patients with PSC having an explanted liver free of CC on sectioning.C. 20 patients with stable PSC.Mean (and ranges) of serum CAl9/9 (Units /ml) were: group A: 730 (24-2754); group B: 61.9 (5.5-284); group C: 42.1 (3.1-156).
EDITORIAL NOTES.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>The Health Boards of Cities.</h3> —Drs. Jacobi and Prudden, following the example of Dr. Janeway, have resigned their Health Board positions in New York City. In the editorial columns of the<i>Herald</i>of that city it is intimated that the Academy of Medicine will be called upon to pass its opinion on the existing methods of health administration, inclusive of the practice of removing capable medical men from office in order to make room for politicians. The writer adds regarding the retirement of Drs. Jacobi and Prudden: "These two physicians are eminent in their profession and their work in behalf of the public will be greatly missed. If it leads to any improvement in the methods, scope and independence of health officers, it would not be a bad thing." If it can be proved before the Academy of Medicine that competent medical men are removed on the pressure of office-seekers,
CLUB PRACTICE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early CD30 Signaling Is Critical for Adoptively Transferred CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Prevention of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease.
Authors: Robert Zeiser, Vu H. Nguyen, Jing-Zhou Hou, Andreas Beilhack, Elizabeth A. Zambricki, Martin Buess, Christopher H. Contag, Robert Negrin
Journal: Blood (2006)
ABSTRACTS
Authors: C Wasastjerna, Treormomr Spa, John Batenman, N Beutler, Jozef Jerzy, T Bothwell, T Brittingham, I Clianarin, J Chattcrjea, Amoz Chernoff, Pietro Denicola, Ludvik Donner, A Erslev, Peggy Clark, R Wnlslm, H Marsto, ! Allen, R Smith
Journal: Blood (1961)
Evolving patterns of metastatic disease in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) reported in clinical trials from 1990 to 2011.
Authors: William K. Oh, Stephanie Doctor, James H. Godbold, Matt D. Galsky, Che-Kai Tsao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

195 Background: Bone remains the most common site of metastasis in CRPC. With new therapies extending survival in metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), we hypothesized that the incidence of non-osseous metastases is increasing over time. In this study, we evaluated the pattern of metastatic disease in mCRPC as reported in baseline characteristics of prospective clinical trials over 2 decades. Methods: We identified all therapeutic studies in patients with mCRPC in Pubmed and ASCO abstracts from 1990-2011. Inclusion criteria included phase 2 or 3 clinical trials in mCRPC with available baseline demographic data and no exclusion of specific site of metastatic disease (except brain). ASCO abstracts were limited to presentations in which data were available online. For each study, demographic data and study-reported sites of non-osseous metastatic disease were recorded (lymph node, visceral, soft tissue, liver). For each type of metastasis, weighted least squares linear regression models were used to evaluate temporal trends. Results: We identified a total of 290 eligible studies (270 phase II and 20 phase III) involving 19,110 patients. Of these, 127 studies reported data on non-osseous metastases and prior chemotherapy. There was a significant trend over time (p=0.001) of increasing proportions of patients with non-osseous metastasis in both chemotherapy- naïve and treated groups (1.4% per year increase). Increased lymph node, visceral, and soft tissue metastases were seen over the study period. However, the proportion of patients with liver metastasis remained relatively stable. Conclusions: In this study, we noted an increasing trend of non-osseous metastatic disease in patients with mCRPC over 20 years. This included lymph node, visceral and soft tissue metastatic disease, and this trend was observed in both chemotherapy-naïve and treated patients. Longer survival and new therapies may be changing the clinical presentation of patients with mCRPC.
Mapping patterns of nodal metastases in seminoma: Rethinking radiotherapy fields.
Authors: Jonathan J. Paly, Jason Alexander Efstathiou, Sandeep Hedgire, Peter W. M. Chung, Martin O’Malley, Anand Shah, Justin E. Bekelman, Mukesh Harisinghani, Anthony L. Zietman, William U. Shipley, Clair Beard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

324 Background: Historically, radiation therapy for testicular seminoma has targeted the retroperitoneal (RPLN) and pelvic lymph nodes via standard anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior fields based upon skeletal anatomy. This study was undertaken to identify the location of involved lymph nodes and their relationship to both bony and vascular anatomy in stage II patients. Methods: Scans of 69 patients with stage II seminoma diagnosed between 1996 and 2011 were reviewed. 55% of patients had left-sided, 44% right-sided, and 1% bilateral primaries. The position of each node was recorded and then transferred to a standardized CT template scan based upon its relation to skeletal and vascular anatomy. Para-aortic fields were overlaid on the template, extending from T10/T11 to L5/S1 and bounded laterally by the contralateral transverse processes and ipsilateral renal hilum. Extended fields included ipsilateral iliac lymph node chains. The location of involved nodes within these conventional fields was assessed. Results: 113 nodes were identified as radiographically positive. 88% of involved nodes were located in the RPLN region with the remaining 12% in the pelvis. 98% of positive RPLN nodes were within a 2.2cm lateral and 1.8cm anterior expansion of the aorta between L1/L2 and L5/S1. No positive nodes were identified within the renal hilar region or superior to L1 for patients with left-sided seminomas. For right-sided seminomas, no positive nodes were superior to L2, though there was one renal hilar node. &lt;2% of all nodes fell outside the extended treatment field. Conclusions: Nodal metastases from a contemporary cohort of stage II seminoma patients generally localized to a smaller area than is targeted using conventional fields. Notably, no positive nodes were identified superior to L1, on the contralateral side of vertebral bodies, or in the left renal hilum. Modified treatment fields based on vascular rather than bony anatomy may allow for a significant decrease in normal tissue irradiation and its associated toxicities. Validation of these results may inform guidelines for a redefined clinical target volume and allow for more targeted radiation delivery in the treatment of seminoma.
'Med prep' college course helps high school students work toward dreams
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A GLIMPSE of a perfect world, where highly diverse people come together, enjoy each other, share what's different about themselves, work hard, and move toward a common purpose. That's the characterization, apparently accurate as well as poetic, applied by a former codirector to the annual 5-week taste of a brighter future that goes by the prosaic name of Stanford Medical Youth Science Program (SMYSP). Its goal is to facilitate the entry of academically talented, underserved, predominantly minority high school students into the health care professions. The endeavor grew from a tutoring effort begun in 1987 by Mark Lawrence and Michael McCullough, undergraduates at Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif, who were struck by the economic and social disparity between the rich academic community and its predominantly poor, crime-ridden neighbor, East Palo Alto. Undergraduates were recruited not only to help high school students in that largely black and Hispanic community with their
Symptom Formation
Authors: Chase Patterson Kimball
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

The issue of symptom formation in patients is discussed in terms of evolution relating to cultures and changes in disease patterns. Determinants of symptoms depend upon a host of factors including the individual's developmental history and personality, the setting in which illness develops, the contemporary social status of the individual, the cognitive and affective state, and the resources based on learning that the individual has in coping and adapting to stressful situations threatening the stability of the organism.
Relationship between perceptions of treatment goals and psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: Areej El-Jawahri, Joseph Greer, Deborah Anne Forst, Ryan David Nipp, Lauren Waldman, Isabella Sereno, Jennifer S. Temel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

44 Background: Several studies have demonstrated discordance between how patients perceive their goal of treatment versus how they perceive their oncologist’s goal. Studies evaluating the extent and risk factors of this discordance are lacking. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 559 patients with incurable lung, gastrointestinal, breast, and brain cancers. We used the Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to assess patients’ perceptions of both their treatment goal and their oncologist’s goal and categorized responses: 1) patients who reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was concordant (either to cure or not to cure); and 2) patients who reported discordant perceptions of their goal versus their oncologist’s goal. We assessed patients’ psychological distress using the Hospital-Anxiety-and-Depression-Scale and used linear regression to assess the relationship between patients’ perceptions of their treatment goal and psychological outcomes. Results: 61.7% of patients reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was non-curative; 19.3% reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was to cure their cancer; and 19.0% reported discordance between their goal and their perception of the oncologist’s goal. Older age (OR = 0.98, P = 0.01), non-Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 0.31, P = 0.049), and higher education (OR = 0.62, P = 0.042) were associated with lower likelihood of reporting discordant goals. Patients with discordant perceptions of their goal and their oncologist’s goal reported higher anxiety (B = 1.56, P = 0.003) compared to those who reported that both their goal and their oncologist’s goal was curative. Patients who reported both their goal and the oncologist’s goal was non-curative had higher depression symptoms (B = 1.06, P = 0.013) compared to those who reported that both their goal and the oncologists’ goal was curative. Conclusions: One-fifth of patients with advanced cancer report discrepancies between their perceptions of their own and their oncologists’ treatment goal which is associated with psychological distress. Tools are needed to identify patients at risk of cognitive dissonance about their prognosis.
Has the Profession Lost Control of Medical Education?
Authors: Charles C. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THERE ARE two fundamental questions concerning medical education: Who is making the major decisions about medical education and how are these decisions being reached? Most of us have ready answers for both questions. We believe that the profession itself has always guided medical education, and we can name a host of councils, liaison committees, associations, and federations that represent the leadership in the field. In answer to the second question, most of us would defend the idea that decisions are arrived at through a process that involves a continuing and thorough assessment of the state of the education system, the quality of its product, and the needs of society. In essence, we would say that medical education is in the hands of the profession and that the profession is exercising this responsibility with great care. The trouble is that these answers are wrong. They assume a stewardship of medical education