tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Surgery of the Stomach.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics</i> Editors' Picks
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation's Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the “Editors' Picks” for each issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics published in 2009 and 2010.
Meta-analysis of interferon randomized trials in the treatment of viral hepatitis C. Effects of dose and duration 1?33113. 1Service d'H�pato-Gastroenterologie, Groupe Hospitalier Piti�-Salp�tri�re, 1-2CNRS URA 1484, Paris, 3H�pital Michallon, Grenoble
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Academic medicine
Authors: Olivia Kingston, Sam Behjati
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Latent infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (LTBI) is defined by the presence of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>-specific immunity in the absence of active tuberculosis. LTBI is detected using interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) or the tuberculin-skin-test (TST). In clinical practice, IGRAs and the TSTs have failed to distinguish between active tuberculosis and LTBI and their predictive value to identify individuals at risk for the future development of tuberculosis is limited. There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers that improve the clinical performance of current immunodiagnostic methods for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Here, we review the landscape of potential alternative biomarkers useful for detection of infection with <i>M. tuberculosis.</i> We describe what individual markers add in terms of specificity for active/latent infection, prediction of progression to active tuberculosis and immunodiagnostic potential in high-risk groups9 such as HIV-infected individuals and children.
Tissue-Selective Regulation of Aromatase Expression by Calcitriol: Implications for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Aruna V. Krishnan, Srilatha Swami, Lihong Peng, Jining Wang, Jacqueline Moreno, David Feldman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes estrogen synthesis, is critical for the progression of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BCa) in postmenopausal women. We show that calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, regulates the expression of aromatase in a tissue-selective manner. Calcitriol significantly decreased aromatase expression in human BCa cells and adipocytes and caused substantial increases in human osteosarcoma cells (a bone cell model exhibiting osteoblast phenotype in culture) and modest increases in ovarian cancer cells. Calcitriol administration to immunocompromised mice bearing human BCa xenografts decreased aromatase mRNA levels in the tumors and the surrounding mammary adipose tissue but did not alter ovarian aromatase expression. In BCa cells, calcitriol also reduced the levels of prostaglandins (PGs), major stimulators of aromatase transcription, by suppressing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (which catalyzes PG synthesis) and increasing that of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (which catalyzes PG degradation). The mechanism of aromatase down-regulation by calcitriol in BCa cells is therefore 2-fold: a direct repression of aromatase transcription via promoter II through the vitamin D-responsive elements identified in this promoter and an indirect suppression by reducing the levels of PGs. Combinations of calcitriol with three different aromatase inhibitors (AIs) caused enhanced inhibition of BCa cell growth. The combination of calcitriol and an AI may have potential benefits for BCa therapy. In addition to augmenting the ability of AIs to inhibit BCa growth, calcitriol acting as a selective aromatase modulator that increases aromatase expression in bone would reduce the estrogen deprivation in bone caused by the AIs, thus ameliorating the AI-induced side effect of osteoporosis.
The battle for hospital privileges. I. Access to the judicial forum
Authors: W. J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In recent years, a variety of social and economic forces have combined to increase drastically the demand for access to hospital beds and facilities. Medical practice generally has become progressively more dependent on the sophisticated tools of high technology that unavoidably are concentrated in the hospital institution. The physician population continues to expand, and, increasingly, physicians elect to devote their talents to the practice of ever-narrowing subspecialties, in which the need for access to costly technologies is most acute. As the pace of technological innovation continues to accelerate and medical subspecialties proliferate, government and private institutions redouble their efforts to restrain the escalating costs of health care delivery. Certificate of need laws and the closing and merging of hospitals in response to changing economic conditions have left some physicians with little or no access to hospital facilities. This situation has been aggravated by the growing tendency of hospitals to conclude
Book Notices.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EVOLUTION OF OUR KNOWLEDGE OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Atlas of Infant Behavior: A Systematic Delineation of the Forms and Early Growth of Human Behavior Patterns
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Omeprazole and cimetidine in the treatment of ulcers of the body of the stomach: a double blind comparative trial. Danish Omeprazole Study Group.
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To see whether omeprazole was superior to cimetidine in healing ulcers of the body of the stomach.Double blind randomised parallel group study of omeprazole versus cimetidine for six weeks with assessment of healing at end of every second week.Outpatient referrals in 11 centres in Denmark.One hundred sixty one patients who satisfied the following criteria: age 18-79; one or more ulcers of body of stomach (that is, at or above the angulus) seen endoscopically within four days before study treatment; no H2 receptor antagonists taken within previous two weeks; no history of gastric surgery and no complications needing surgery; no concurrent treatment or disease that might confound assessment; oral contraception or an intrauterine device being used by women of childbearing age.Omeprazole 30 mg daily (one capsule in the morning) or cimetidine 1 g daily (one 200 mg tablet thrice daily, two tablets at bedtime) for six weeks. Inactive capsules and tablets provided so that all patients took same number of capsules and tablets daily. Compliance monitored by pill counts.Endoscopic evidence of accelerated healing of type I gastric ulcers after four weeks of omeprazole.Pain recorded on diary cards and patients assessed after two, four, and six weeks of treatment for clinical state and by endoscopy and biopsy and repeat laboratory tests. Twenty eight patients withdrawn during trial for violations of protocol. At two weeks healing rates were identical in the two treatment groups (omeprazole 41% (30/73 patients); cimetidine 41% (30/73]. At four weeks cumulative healing rates were 77% (53/69 patients) in the omeprazole treatment group and 58% (41/71) in the cimetidine treatment group (95% confidence interval of difference between groups 4% to 34%). By six weeks the cumulative healing rates in the two treatment groups differed by only 6% (60/68 patients (88%) given omeprazole; 53/65 (82%) given cimetidine). Log rank analysis with ulcer size used as covariable showed a significant difference in healing times in favour of omeprazole. There was no difference in the occurrence of pain relief between the two treatment groups. No serious clinical or biochemical side effects of treatment were noted.Omeprazole 30 mg daily accelerates healing of ulcers in the body of the stomach as compared with cimetidine 1 g daily. This effect is more pronounced in ulcers greater than 12 mm diameter.
Fish Acute Toxicity Syndromes and Their Use in the QSAR Approach to Hazard Assessment
Authors: James M. McKim, Steven P. Bradbury, Gerald J. Niemi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing priorities because laboratory resources are limited and the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and predictive screening tools to select more potentially hazardous chemicals for in-depth laboratory evaluation has been proposed. Further implementation and refinement of quantitative structure-toxicity relationships in aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment requires the development of a "mode-of-action" database. With such a database, a qualitative structure-activity relationship can be formulated to assign the proper mode of action, and respective QSAR, to a given chemical structure. In this review, the development of fish acute toxicity syndromes (FATS), which are toxic-response sets based on various behavioral and physiological-biochemical measurements, and their projected use in the mode-of-action database are outlined. Using behavioral parameters monitored in the fathead minnow during acute toxicity testing, FATS associated with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and narcotics could be reliably predicted. However, compounds classified as oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers or stimulants could not be resolved. Refinement of this approach by using respiratory-cardiovascular responses in the rainbow trout, enabled FATS associated with AChE inhibitors, convulsants, narcotics, respiratory blockers, respiratory membrane irritants, and uncouplers to be correctly predicted.
Potable Water as a Source for Legionellosis
Authors: David W. Fraser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Several lines of evidence have been examined in attempts to implicate potable water as a source for legionellosis. Success has been mixed. The strongest evidence has been the similarity of strains recovered from patients and from potable water and the cessation of outbreaks following institution of measures to eradicate Legionella from potable water systems. Epidemiologic efforts to identify the effective mode of exposure to water (e.g. ingestion) have been remarkably unsuccessful. Although L pneumophila can clearly be acquired on occasion from potable water, the proportion of cases traceable to this source is unknown, as is the role of potable water as a source of infection by other Legionellae. Hyperchlorination, raising hot water temperatures to greater than 55 degrees C, and replacing rubber gaskets are useful methods for controlling outbreaks of legionellosis traced to potable water systems but are not yet justified as routine preventative methods in the absence of such an outbreak.
CERKL is Upregulated in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Maintains Cellular Sphingolipids and Resistance to Oxidative Stress
Authors: J.M. Meyer, E. Lee, A. Celli, K. Park, R. Cho, W. Lambert, M. Pitchford, M. Gordon, K. Tsai, J. Cleaver, S.T. Arron, T.M. Mauro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

Background Ceramide kinase-like protein (CERKL) was originally described in retinal tissue. CERKL has been shown to protect cells from oxidative stress, and mutations in CERKL underlie the inherited disease retinitis pigmentosa. CERKL expression maintains cellular sphingolipids via an unknown mechanism. Objectives To determine whether CERKL is expressed in epidermis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and whether CERKL expression affects cSCC sphingolipid metabolism and susceptibility to oxidative stress. Methods CERKL expression was determined by RNA-Seq, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. CERKL was knocked down in cSCC cells using small interfering RNA. Sphingolipid content was analysed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress was induced by treatment with H2O2, and apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry to determine annexin V binding. Results CERKL mRNA and protein are highly expressed in actinic keratosis and cSCC in comparison with normal epidermis. CERKL is also expressed in metabolically active epithelial cells in normal hair bulbs and sebaceous glands. CERKL knockdown in cultured cSCC cells reduces cellular sphingolipid content and enhances susceptibility to oxidative stress. Conclusions These findings suggest that CERKL may be important in cSCC progression and could lead to novel strategies for prevention and treatment of cSCC.
New campaign aims to cut dialysis patient deaths
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE NATIONAL Kidney Foundation wants to cut the current 24% annual mortality rate among patients on chronic dialysis by at least one third and upgrade dialysis centers to improve overall patient care. The group is mounting a campaign directed at the physicians, patients, and government agencies involved. The campaign, to be started this month, consists of accomplishing 35 different recommendations, the result of a 2-year study of dialysis units by the foundation. The recommendations are divided into four groups: dialysis center workforce needs, standards of care, issues involved in starting and stopping dialysis, and research and technology. The recommendations, which have been classified high, medium, or low priority, include the following: Establishment of standards of quality care, including setting a minimum standard of dialysis effectiveness to ensure that the patient is being adequately dialyzed. Establishment of adequate workforce standards in dialysis units to ensure that there are enough properly qualifie
Editor Profile: Guest Editor of Special Column on Molecular Imaging and Theranostics
Authors: Wei Lu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2018)

Dr. Lu has a multidisciplinary research background in nanomedicine and gene/drug delivery.His Ph.D. work focused on nanoparticulate brain drug delivery for glioma gene therapy and chemotherapy.His research at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center focused on nanotechnology for cancer molecular imaging and therapeutics.Dr. Lu successfully developed hollow gold nanospheres as a platform nanotechnology for photothermal ablation therapy, siRNA delivery, and photoacoustic imaging.While photothermal ablation therapy represents an attractive therapeutic strategy, it is effective to treat local cancer but less so in controlling metastasis.After joining the faculty at the University of Rhode Island, Dr. Lu started his independent research and put his effort into addressing this issue.He developed a combinatorial photothermal immunotherapy by using hollow CuS nanoparticles to effectively treat both primary and metastatic tumor in mouse models.Dr.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Diagnoses of HIV/AIDS—33 States, 2001-2004
Journal: JAMA (2006)

In 2003, an estimated 1.2 million persons in the United States were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, 47% of whom were non-Hispanic blacks. This report describes racial/ethnic disparities in diagnoses of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during 2001-2004 and reported to CDC through June 2005 by 33 states that used confidential, name-based reporting of HIV and AIDS cases for at least 4 years. Of the estimated 157,252 diagnoses of HIV infection, the number of cases and diagnosis rates among blacks were higher than those for all other racial/ethnic populations combined. Among males, blacks had the largest or second-largest percentage of cases in every transmission category; among females, blacks had the largest percentage of cases in all transmission categories. Moreover, among both males and females, blacks represented the largest percentage of HIV/AIDS diagnoses in every age group. New and improved prevention strategies, including expanded HIV testing, targeted communications, and tailored prevention services, are needed to help address disparities in HIV transmission among blacks.
Abstract A52: Loss of p120-catenin induces metastatic progression of breast cancer by inducing anoikis resistance and augmenting growth factor receptor signaling
Authors: Ron C.J. Schackmann, Sjoerd Klarenbeek, Eva J. Vlug, Suzan Stelloo, Miranda van Amersfoort, Milou Tenhagen, Tanya M. Braumuller, Jeroen F. Vermeulen, Petra van der Groep, Ton Peeters, Elsken van der Wall, Paul J. van Diest, Jos Jonkers, Patrick W.B. Derksen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The formation of metastasis is the most common cause of breast cancer-related death among women worldwide. A hallmark event in the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor is the loss of cell-cell adhesion. Normally, epithelial integrity is controlled by the adherens junction (AJ), a membrane-tethered structure consisting of E-cadherin and its associated catenins αE-catenin, β-catenin and p120-catenin (p120). Loss of E-cadherin, which results in inactivation of the AJ, is strongly linked to tumor progression. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Since p120-catenin (p120) controls E-cadherin turnover at the cell membrane, we investigated the possible tumor suppressor functions of p120 in breast cancer. First, we analyzed a comprehensive set of invasive breast cancers using immunohistochemistry, and observed a lack of p120 protein expression in 33% (97/296). Next, we used a conditional mouse model of noninvasive (p53-driven) mammary carcinoma and introduced a conditional p120 allele. Combined loss of p120 and p53 resulted in tumors that resembled human metaplastic breast cancer and metastasize to lungs and lymph nodes. Knockdown of p120 in in anchorage-dependent breast cancer cell lines induces anoikis resistance by increasing sensitivity to growth factors. Interestingly, we observed secretion of inflammatory cytokines upon knockdown of p120. These cytokines likely underlie the formation of the prometastatic microenvironment in p120 negative mammary carcinomas, which in turn facilitate the production of growth factors. Finally, we performed RNA sequencing on p120-ablated cells and uncovered several highly up regulated growth factor receptors, which we will further examine to determine their eligibility as targets for intervention strategies to better treat p120-negative metastatic breast cancers. Citation Format: Ron C.J. Schackmann, Sjoerd Klarenbeek, Eva J. Vlug, Suzan Stelloo, Miranda van Amersfoort, Milou Tenhagen, Tanya M. Braumuller, Jeroen F. Vermeulen, Petra van der Groep, Ton Peeters, Elsken van der Wall, Paul J. van Diest, Jos Jonkers, Patrick W.B. Derksen. Loss of p120-catenin induces metastatic progression of breast cancer by inducing anoikis resistance and augmenting growth factor receptor signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A52.