tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leads from the MMWR. Korean hemorrhagic fever
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 60: Survival After Ventricular Fibrillation in Sao Paulo Metro
Authors: Renan Gianotto-Oliveira, Maria M Gonzalez, Caio B Vianna, Maurício M Alves, Sergio Timerman, Roberto Kalil-Filho, Karl B Kern
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public places can improve the rate of survival among patients who have had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Sao Paulo Metro carries about 4.5 million people per day and since 2006, the security officials of metro (lays rescuers) are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and handling of AED. This program also included the installation of AEDs in every metro station. Methods: From September 1, 2006, through November 31, 2012, we conducted a prospective, longitudinal, observational study involving patients who had cardiac arrest in Sao Paulo Metro and were attempted by security officials of metro. The outcome of each patient was followed through medical records of the hospitals to which patients were referred. Reading the AED registration of each patient was performed. The primary end-point was minimal neurologic impairment after hospital discharge. Results: A total of 102 sudden collapses were included in the study; 86 were cardiac arrest and 62 of these patients had ventricular fibrillation with initial cardiac rhythm. The percentage of patients who achieved sustained return of spontaneous circulation was 45 (73%), 34 (55%) of patients arrived alive at the hospital and 23 (37%) were discharged and were alive at 1 year with minimal neurologic impairment. Comparing the periods of the Sep/2006-Nov/2009 with Oct/2009-Nov/2012, respectively, the rate of patients without neurological impairment before discharge and at 1 year was 22% versus 45% (p=0.072). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the time interval in minutes between collapse and first shock was the only variable independently associated with the primary end point (odds ratio = 0.13, 95 % CI 0.05 to 0.38, p &lt;0.0001). Conclusion: The study supports a significant beneficial impact of implementation of PAD program in Sao Paulo Metro. Shorter intervals between arrest and defibrillation are necessary to achieve the highest survival rates. These results support strategic expansion of PAD programs in similar places in Brazil.
Meningitis due to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus endemic in a hamster colony
Authors: D. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Meningitis due to lymphocytic-choriomeningitis (LCM) virus occurred in a 36-year-old man after brief contact with infected hamsters. To our knowledge, this is the second instance of an LCM infection developing in a man exposed to hamsters used for experimental tumor investigation.
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Authors: Norihiro Kokudo, Brice Gayet, Yoo-Seok Yoon, Jai Young Cho, Dae Wook Hwang, Yoshinori Inagaki, Norihiro Kokudo, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Wei Tang, Shigekazu Takemura, Chikaharu Sakata, Yorihisa Urata, Takahiro Uenishi, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Takeaki Ishizawa, Junichi Kaneko, Taku Aoki, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Matteo Donadon, Guido Torzilli, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo, Shoji Kubo, Andrew A. Gumbs, Peipei Song, Jianjun Gao, Junichi Shindoh, Ahmed Kaseb, Ho-Seong Han, Yoshihiro Mise, Yoshihiro Sakamoto, Mengensatzproduktion
Journal: Liver Cancer (2013)
Cost-effectiveness of a health care provider-directed intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening
Authors: V. Shankaran, T. H. Luu, N. Nonzee, J. M. McKoy, J. G. Zivin, A. R. Ashford, R. Lantigua, H. Frucht, M. Scoppettone, C. L. Bennett, S. S. Gorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

6583 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains underutilized. Prior studies reported the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve CRC screening, but none have been replicated in the setting of small medical practices. We recently conducted a randomized trial of an academic detailing strategy within 264 small physician offices in New York City. The objective of this analysis is to assess the cost-effectiveness of this intervention. Methods: 264 physician offices were randomized to usual care or to a series of ‘academic detailing’ visits from health educators trained in evidence-based CRC screening guidelines. CRC screening rates were measured at baseline and 12 months. Intervention-related costs were categorized as fixed or intervention delivery costs. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was expressed as cost per percentage point increase in CRC screening. Each practice contained an average of 4 physicians. Sensitivity analyses were estimated by varying the number of physicians per practice and accordingly, intervention delivery costs. Results: Academic detailing resulted in a 7% increase in CRC screening with colonoscopy. The cost of the intervention was $147,865. The ICER was $21,124 per percentage point increase in CRC screening. Sensitivity analyses that varied the intervention delivery costs by the average medical practice size were associated with ICERs ranging from $13,361 (8 physicians/office) to $36,109 (2 physicians/office) per percentage point increase in CRC screening rates. Conclusions: A multi-component academic detailing intervention conducted in small urban practices was clinically effective, but was not cost-effective when compared to other reported low-intensity patient-directed and infrastructural interventions ($131-$1,161 per percentage increase in CRC screening). (Table) While academic detailing may be more cost-effective in physician practices of larger size, new cost-effective approaches in small community practices are needed. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Chloroquine-pyrimethamine-sulfisoxazole therapy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.An alternative to quinine
Authors: S. J. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Successful therapy for falciparum malaria is of current interest because of the American commitment in South Vietnam and the chloroquine-resistant strains encountered there. With quinine-pyrimethamine-diaminodiphenylsulfone therapy, radical cures can be expected in more than 95% of the patients. An alternative regimen employs chloroquine, pyrimethamine, and sulfisoxazole and excludes quinine. Seventy-six patients treated with this combination at Naval Support Activity Hospital, DaNang, Republic of Vietnam, were rapidly and radically cured. Furthermore, the duration of fever was shorter when chloroquine was used in combination in the place of quinine.
Inflammation and anti‐inflammatory approaches in myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Steffen Koschmieder, Nicolas Chatain
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation), RWTH Aachen University, Germany This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CCBY-NC-ND), which allows third parties to download the abstracts and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the abstract book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Use of endothelin-A-receptor expression to predict poor response to primary chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: P. Wulfing, J. Tio, C. Kersting, B. Sonntag, H. Buerger, C. Wulfing, U. Euler, W. Boecker, A. H. Tulusan, L. Kiesel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

576 Background: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors (ETAR and ETBR), referred to as the ET-axis, are overexpressed in breast carcinomas and seem to influence tumorigenesis and tumor-progression. Failure of breast carcinomas to respond to treatment is still a major impediment to successful cytotoxic therapy and to date no tumor biological factor is available for clinical use predicting chemotherapy response in breast cancer. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive value of ET-axis protein expression in breast carcinomas for chemotherapy response. Methods: 44 patients with locally advanced breast cancer who took part in a prospective phase III study evaluating a high-dose primary chemotherapy of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide were included. Expression of ET-1, ETAR and ETBR was determined by semiquantitative immunohistochemical (IH) analysis of paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue from the prechemotherapy tru-cut biopsies. Results: IH staining was positive for ET-1 in 61.5%, for ETAR in 35% and for ETBR in 35.9% of breast carcinomas. The overall clinical response rate was 58.1%, the overall pathological response rate was 72.7%. Pathological response to primary chemotherapy was significantly decreased in ETAR-positive patients (p=0.002). Pathological “no change” was obtained in 50% of ETAR-positive as compared to 7.7% of ETAR-negative patients. Logistic regression confirmed ETAR as an independent predictive marker for pathological response (p=0.009). Also, ETBR expression correlated with pathological non-response (42.9%), although statistical significance was not reached (p=0.065). Clinical response to chemotherapy was reduced in ETAR-positive patients as compared to ETAR-negative patients (46.2% vs. 73.1%, respectively; p=0.098). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that expression of ET receptors and especially of ETAR in breast cancer is associated with chemotherapy resistance. Thus, determination of ETAR status may serve as a predictive marker for identifying patients with a poor chance of response to chemotherapy and, therefore, potential candidates for more individualized treatments. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Abbott Laboratories Abbott Laboratories
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus called 'epidemiologist's dream'
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ONCE CALLED the geneticist's nightmare, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is now yielding, at least temporarily, to modulation of the immune system. While it long has been thought that IDDM arises from a genetic susceptibility coupled with a toxic or infectious agent that initiates damage to beta cells, the recent emphasis has been on the genetic vulnerabilities. However, according to data gathered in the last few years by an international team, diabetologists may be well advised to renew their interest in the environmental triggers. In fact, says Ronald E. LaPorte, PhD, associate professor of epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh, IDDM is the "epidemiologist's dream": a disorder that is easily diagnosed and hence well reported and whose prevalence varies widely around the world. Next on the tracking agenda for LaPorte.and colleagues is to document the prevalence of IDDM in South America, Africa, and mainland China. To date, the international team, known
Fiction
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Particulate-Cell Interactions and Pulmonary Cytokine Expression
Authors: Jacob N. Finkelstein, Carl Johnston, Ted Barrett, Gunter Oberdorster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The type 11 cell plays an important role in the response of the alveolar epithelium after lung injury through its synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant, and by acting as the stem cell for the replacement of damaged type epithelial cells.The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell is thought to play a similar role during repair of the bronchiolar epithelium.Recent evidence has suggested that epithelial cells may participate in aspects of the inflammatory response and regulation of fibroblast growth during pulmonary fibrosis through the production of and response to specific growth factors and cytokines.The cellular and molecular responses of epithelial cells and how they lead to the progression of events that defines the pulmonary parenchymal response to a class of particles is unclear.We used particles differing in size, chemical composition, and fibrogenicity in vivo and in vitro to elucidate early changes in proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokine and antioxidant gene expression in lung cells.Early increases in mRNA and protein for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1f, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha have been observed in epithelial cells following exposure.These are accompanied by changes in specific epithelial genes including surfactant protein C and Clara cell secretory protein.The data indicate that effects on the epithelium are due to direct interactions with particles, not a result of macrophage-derived mediators, and suggest a more significant role in the overall pulmonary response than previously suspected.These results suggest that type 11 cell growth factor production may be significant in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
Phase 1 study of the PSMA-targeted small-molecule drug conjugate EC1169 in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: Michael J. Morris, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Oliver Sartor, Alison Armour, Michael Groaning, Adam Robarts, Daniel Peter Petrylak, Anthony W. Tolcher, Michael S. Gordon, Hani M. Babiker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

5038 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in prostate cancers, but not in most normal tissues, making it a potential therapeutic target. We are conducting a two-part phase 1 dose escalation/expansion study of EC1169, a PSMA-targeted conjugate of the microtubule inhibitor tubulysin B hydrazide in mCRPC. The utility of the PSMA-targeted companion imaging agent 99m Tc-EC0652 is also being evaluated as a patient selection tool. The safety, efficacy, and imaging-based PSMA selection strategy are being investigated in Part A (dose escalation) and Part B (2-stage, 2-cohort expansion). Methods: Part A pts were eligible if they progressed on abiraterone or enzalutamide, and were treated with a taxane. EC1169 was administered as an IV bolus on days 1, 8 every 21 days. Part B pts are enrolled in 1 of 2 cohorts, mCRPC taxane naïve (cohort 1, 45 pts) and taxane exposed (cohort 2, 40 pts). Prior to treatment, pts undergo a 99m Tc-EC0652 SPECT scan. The primary endpoint of Part B is median radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS). Other study evaluations are OS, PSA, and CTC-based biomarkers. Results: Part A is now complete: the RP2 dose is 6.5 mg/m 2 , on the basis of non-DLT transaminitis. 20 Part A/B pts have been treated at the RP2 dose (7 taxane naïve, 13 taxane exposed). Median age is 69 (range: 59-82). Median number of cycles is 2 (range: 1-7). 10 pts (50%) reported at least 1 treatment related AE. Most treatment related AEs are Gr1 and 2; G3 thrombocytopenia, fatigue, and constipation have occurred in 1 pt each. No Grade 4 treatment related AEs have been reported. No DLT or toxicity requiring dose reductions occurred. Four taxane-exposed pts in Part B have reached their first 9 wk radiographic assessment, of which two have soft tissue disease. One of those two patients (50%) has achieved an unconfirmed RECIST PR. Conclusions: The RP2 dose of EC1169 is 6.5 mg/m 2 . EC1169 has been well tolerated in 20 pts at the RP2 dose. Imaging with 99m Tc-EC0652 suggests excellent disease localization supporting a PSMA-targeted therapeutic strategy. There is evidence of anti-tumor activity in both the dose escalation and expansion cohorts. Clinical trial information: NCT02202447.
Homoeopathy
Authors: A. Benjamin
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Aims</h3> In advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), incomplete genotyping for guideline-recommended genomic biomarkers poses a significant challenge to making informed and timely clinical decisions. We report our institution’s experience in assessing the adequacy of small specimens for comprehensive genomic profiling for guideline-recommended lung cancer biomarker testing. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective evaluation of all image-guided procedures for NSCLC performed in our institution between October 2016 and July 2018, including core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in patients who had undergone genomic profiling for lung cancer. Lung cancer biomarker adequacy, defined as successful testing of guideline-recommended biomarkers including, epidermal growth factor receptor (<i>EGFR</i>); serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf (<i>BRAF</i>); anaplastic lymphoma kinase (<i>ALK</i>); proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase ROS (<i>ROS1</i>); Rearranged during Transfection (<i>RET</i>); Tyrosine protein kinase Met (<i>MET</i>); and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 865 cases were evaluated in this study, 785 of which included testing of all lung cancer biomarkers. Lung tissue was adequate for biomarker testing in 84% of cases; this rate increased to 87% when biomarker testing was combined with concurrently acquired FNA or CNB specimens. Biomarker testing success correlated strongly with DNA concentration (p&lt;0.0001) and the use of 22G needles in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures (p=0.0035). Biomarker testing of CNB specimens showed a significantly higher success rate than did biomarker testing of cytology FNA specimens (p=0.0005). The adequacy of EBUS-TBNA samples was not significantly different from that of the transthoracic needle aspiration samples (p=0.40). Variables such as age, gender, lesion size, site, diagnosis and number of needle passes showed no significant correlation with success rates in lung cancer biomarker testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The growing numbers of therapeutic biomarkers in NSCLC requires judicious triage of limited-volume tissue from small specimens. Our study showed that thoracic small tissue specimens can be used successfully to provide prognostic and predictive information for the current guideline-recommended biomarkers for NSCLC in most cases.
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Authors: Thomas Hank, Marta Sandini, Carlos Fernández-Del Castillo, Carlos Fernández-Del Castillo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

JAMA Surgery for the opportunity to reply to the letters to the editor. 1 Shi et al advised that combining patients without postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and with biochemical leakage may have biased the analysis regarding long-term survival in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).While biochemical leakage may reflect a more preserved gland function, which has been associated with better survival in upfront resected pancreatic cancer, 2 a preliminary analysis had shown no significant differences between biochemical leakage and no pancreatic fistula in patients with NAT.The use, assessment, and prevalence of soft pancreatic texture faced criticism.Regarding the description of gland texture as assessed by the surgeon's manual palpation, this method has been recognized as noninferior to technical measurements. 3he subjective approach is indeed widely used in most POPF prediction metrics.We agree with Trudeau and Vollmer that the soft pancreas has not been confirmed to be a determinant of POPF after distal pancreatectomy, and that a separate analysis of risk factors in proximal and distal resections would have been advisable.Owing to the overall low incidence of CR-POPF in patients with NAT, which was less than 5%, a specific analysis for distal resections was not feasible.Nonetheless, soft pancreatic texture was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of CR-POPF after pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with NAT.Despite a lack of specific pathological assessment, our hypothesis of NAT-related fibrotic deposition and desmoplastic remodeling of the gland is based on previous strong pathologic evidence. 4n their letter, Trudeau and Vollmer stressed how blood loss is a crucial determinant of surgical outcomes, and specifically CR-POPF.This appeared to be even more important in the setting of NAT, as they observed that preoperative systemic treatment was a major risk factor for increased intraoperative blood loss. 5In their study with data from 17 institutions and more than 5300 patients, only 29 (1.8% of patients with cancer) received NAT, and therefore definite conclusions cannot be drawn.Furthermore, other large studies in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy have failed to validate the association between blood loss and POPF, and in fact the Dutch group proposed an alternative fistula risk score that does not include blood loss. 6In conclusion, no studies have specifically addressed the determinants of CR-POPF in the setting of NAT, and consequently the broad application of prediction metrics developed for treatment-naive patients might be misleading in this context.As well pointed in the last comment, our cohort of upfront resected patients included mainly resectable tumors, as well as some borderline resectable that underwent upfront resection and associated vascular resection.However, we believe that this aspect does not limit the observed adverse sur-