tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of action of chloramphenicol
Authors: A. S. Weisberger
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Morton A. Levy, Chief Resident in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Instructor in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 61-year-old white woman was hospitalized on Nov 1, 1965, because of multiple subcutaneous hemorrhages. She was well until March 30, 1965, when she was first treated by her private physician with chloramphenicol (1 gm daily for three days) for a urinary tract infection. She was seen again on April 2 and administration of chloramphenicol was continued for another three days; the urinary tract symptoms disappeared. In June, urinary tract symptoms recurred, and another three-day course of chloramphenicol therapy was instituted. Several days after completing this third course of chloramphenicol therapy, the patient noted spontaneous bruising and ecchymoses on all extremities after minimal trauma. In July, the following laboratory values were obtained: hematocrit, 35%; hemoglobin, 11.4 gm/100 ml; white blood cell count, 5,450/ cu mm; and differential cell
Oto-rhino-laryngologie du médecin praticien
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Working to restore and develop abilities offers unique challenge
Authors: K. Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Today, physical medicine and rehabilitation is a frontier in medicine equally as exciting [to science] as the space age," says Richard Materson, MD, clinical associate professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston. "It is unique," he suggests, "in the sense that it involves both working with an extraordinary cadre of people and using a tremendous amount of creativity and talent to aid patients in attaining maximal physical functional capacity and societal integration." Physical medicine and rehabilitation, in fact, is a two-part specialty that experienced an impetus around the time of World War II. The physical medicine side involves using all the diagnostic skills and treatment skills of general medicine but adding the use of pharmaceuticals and physical modalities such as heat, cold, light, and therapeutic exercise—to best understand and treat painful or disabling disorders. During the early 1940s, Frank Krusen, MD, of the Mayo Clinic,
The Croonian Lectures on Functional Derangements of the Liver
Authors: C. Murchison
Journal: BMJ (1874)

In my last lecture I considered some of the more important diseases and symptoms resulting from abnormal disilntegration of albuminous matter in the liver.I have still to refer to certain derangements of the organs of circulation and respiration, and abnormal states of the skin traceable to the same cause.I shall then mention some of the chief causes of functional derangements of the liver, and conclude the lecture by a briet sketch of the principal rules for treatment of these derangements.
NEPHROPEXY
Authors: Clarence Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 15, page 1167, is an article entitled "Nephropexy by Means of a Fascial Hammock," by David R. Melen, M.D., of Rochester, N. Y. This procedure is reported as a new method of accomplishing nephropexy. In the<i>Urologic and Cutaneous Review</i>(<b>34</b>:679 [Oct.] 1930) was published my article on "Nephropexy by Fascial Transplant," in which I reported several cases of fascia lata as a hammock suspended from the twelfth rib. My patients were relieved of symptoms and the later roentgenograms showed good position of the kidney. Dr. Melen used a slightly different technic in attaching the fascia to the kidney, but the method is essentially the same as mine. Clarence Emerson, M.D., Lincoln, Neb. [This letter was referred to Dr. Melen, who replies as follows:]
Tropical medicine: a brittle tool of the new imperialism
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2004)

Tropical medicine is changing. At last week's launch of the spectacular third edition of Principles of Medicine in Africa (Cambridge University Press), Professor Eldryd Parry, the book's chief editor, spoke movingly and passionately about Africa's new landscape of danger. Human displacement, an emerging epidemic of non-communicable disease, collapsing health systems, the desperate need for palliative care as the tidal wave of HIV-AIDS continues, and a callous denial of access to vital medicines.
THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
International Clinics. A Quarterly of Illustrative Clinical Lectures and Especially Prepared Original Articles on Treatment, Medicine, Surgery, Neurology, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Orthopedics, Pathology, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Otology, Rhinology, Laryngology, and Hygiene. By Leading Members of the Medical Profession Throughout the World.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)
Total Paralysis as Treatment of Severe Eclampsia
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Willing Are Doctors To Give Patients with Terminal Cancer Accurate Information about Their Chances of Survival?
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients19 June 2001How Willing Are Doctors To Give Patients with Terminal Cancer Accurate Information about Their Chances of Survival?Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Patients with terminal or end-stage cancer sometimes do not understand their actual chances of survival. This misunderstanding can affect their decisions regarding treatments and end-of-life care. Patients may misunderstand their survival chances for several reasons. For example, some patients may continue to believe they will be cured despite being told otherwise. Families may sometimes contribute to patients' misunderstandings by hiding or downplaying negative information. Moreover, doctors may not discuss survival chances with patients, or they may give patients inaccurate information. Few studies have investigated doctors' willingness to give ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Prognostic Disclosure to Patients with Cancer near the End of Life.” It is in the 19 June 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 1096-1105). The authors are EB Lamont and NA Christakis.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPrognostic Disclosure to Patients with Cancer near the End of Life Elizabeth B. Lamont and Nicholas A. Christakis Metrics Cited byCommunicating prognosis in cancer care: a systematic review of the literature 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: I-13KeywordsCancer treatmentDisclosureHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancerPatientsSurgeons ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P081: Are Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Health Factors Explained by Cardiovascular Health Behaviors? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: April P Carson, David C Goff, David R Jacobs, Catarina I Kiefe, James M Shikany, Stephen Sidney, Kiarri N Kershaw, Norrina B Allen, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Deepika Laddu, Jamal S Rana, Katherine H Ingram, Cora E Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Cardiovascular health (CVH) is worse among African Americans than whites, yet it is unclear whether differences in health behaviors fully account for these racial disparities. We investigated whether racial differences in CVH factors (blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol) were explained by body mass index (BMI) and CVH behaviors (smoking and physical activity) in CARDIA. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 2,866 African-American and white CARDIA participants from four field centers (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA) who completed the year 30 examination (2015-2016; 71% retention). We created a summary CVH factor score (range 0-6) using poor, intermediate, and ideal levels of blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol, with higher scores indicative of better CVH. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association of race with the summary score in unadjusted and adjusted models. Results: Mean age (SD) was 55 (3.6) years, 57% were women, and 47% were African-American. The mean CVH factor score (SD) was 4.4 (1.2) for whites and 3.9 (1.3) for African Americans (p&lt;0.0001). After adjustment for age and sex, African Americans had a lower CVH factor score than whites (Table). This difference was attenuated but persisted after adjustment for BMI. Findings were further attenuated after taking into account smoking, physical activity, and education. Conclusion: The racial disparity in CVH factor score persisted after accounting for BMI and CVH behaviors. Thus, roles of other factors, such as social determinants of health and diet, warrant further investigation.
Evaluation of the obese patient. 2. Clinical findings
Authors: G. A. Bray
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IN A previous issue,<sup>1</sup>we provided an algorithm for use in evaluating the cases of obese patients. To determine the frequency of abnormalities among the various measurements in this algorithm, we have evaluated a large group of obese patients, and the results are reported in this article. <h3>Measures and Procedures</h3> Obese patients telephoning the Harbor General Hospital in response to an article in the daily newspaper were offered the opportunity to obtain a free medical evaluation in our Obesity Clinic. Each patient was seen once, on one of three separate weekends (Table 1). They were requested not to eat for 12 hours before the clinic appointments. Upon arrival, they filled out questionnaires concerning their present and past history of obesity. A blood sample was obtained on each patient, and those attending the third clinic received 40 gm/ sq m of a dextrose solution. A second blood sample was drawn
Questions physiologiques d'actualité.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative effectiveness and resource utilization of <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (<i>nab</i>-P+G) versus FOLFIRINOX (FFX) in first-line treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a U.S. community oncology setting.
Authors: Fadi S. Braiteh, Manish Patel, Monika Parisi, Quanhong Ni, Si yeon Park, Claudio Faria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

433 Background: Both nab-P+G and FFX demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) over gemcitabine monotherapy for the treatment of PDAC; but there is no real-world effectiveness and utilization study of nab-P+G vs. FFX. The objective of this study is to compare real-world treatment patterns of patients receiving nab-P+G vs. FFX as first-line treatment for advanced PDAC. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using fully de-identified data from a nationally representative electronic medical record platform of 1,300 community oncology physicians. Patients diagnosed with PDAC between September 2013 and October 2014 who received either nab-P+G or FFX as 1st line therapy were included in the analysis. We calculated median time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) and database persistence (DP), a proxy for OS, using the Kaplan Meier method, and assessed supportive care usage with Poisson regression. Results: 202 (out of 851) patients met eligibility criteria (nab-P+G, n = 122; FFX, n = 80). Patients on nab-P+G were older than patients on FFX (mean age 67.0 v 61.4; p &lt; 0.01), but other baseline characteristics were comparable. TTD (3.4 v 3.8 mos) and DP (8.6 v 8.6 mos) were not statistically different for nab-P+G and FFX, respectively. The rate of AE-related discontinuation was similar in patients on nab-P+G and FFX (18% v 21%); however patients on nab-P+G utilized less doses of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) agents (2.0 v 4.4; p &lt; 0.01), but needed more doses of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESA) (0.9 v 0.1; p &lt; 0.01) and steroids (7.9 v 5.8; p &lt; 0.01) per 100 days. Conclusions: TTD and DP for patients with advanced PDAC did not differ significantly between nab-P+G and FFX, although supportive care medications differed. Patients treated with nab-P+G required fewer doses of GCSF and more doses of ESA and steroids, though AEs leading to discontinuation was not statistically different. Management of chemotherapy related toxicities may incur substantial burden on the U.S. healthcare system, especially if an alternative therapy exists with similar clinical outcomes.
Reply
Authors: M R Islam
Journal: Gut (1985)

Citrate in oral rehydration therapy SIR,-We read with interest the recent paper by Islam et al (Gut 1984; 25: 900-4).We would like to point out that 2-94 g/l of the tribasic salt of sodium citrate (the amount used by these workers) would result in a 10 mmol/l citrate solution and not a 30 mmol/l citrate solution.The latter would require 8&82 g/l of the tribasic salt.One must, therefore, conclude from their study that a 10 mmol/l citrate based oral rehydration solution (and not a 30 mmol/l citrate based solution) is as effective as a WHO oral rehydration solution (which contains 30 mmol/l bicarbonate) in correcting the acidosis and dehydration in their patients.
JAMA 100 years ago: Honesty in experimental research
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Digitalis
Authors: Noble O. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This volume of 193 pages and 753 references publishes the proceedings of a symposium held at Indiana University. There are 13 chapters devoted to such subjects as the chemistry of the digitalis glycosides, the metabolism of digitalis glycosides, the mechanism of action of digitalis, and its extracardiac effects. There is a consideration of the effect of digitalis on single cardiac fiber action potentials, and upon the specialized cardiac pacemaker cells and conduction tissues. One chapter takes up factors affecting tolerance to digitalis, and two discuss recognition and treatment of digitalis toxicity. The authors wrestle with the thorny questions of the relation of digitalis action to its effects on the cellular sodium pump, to potassium loss from the cell, and to calcium uptake by the sarcotubular system. The effects upon membrane adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) are considered, and the relation between digitalis action, toxic arrhythmias, and myocardial catecholamine content. The importance of vagal,
Personal View
Authors: J. Jessop
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Non-sleepy obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is thought to have a prevalence of around 20–25% in industrialised countries. However, the question of whether it should be routinely treated or not is controversial. This review collates the results from recent randomised controlled trials addressing OSA and examines whether treating the condition leads to improvements in quality of life and reduced cardiometabolic dysfunction, comorbidities generally attributed to untreated obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Carotid 'whirlpool' sweeps in new atherogenesis theory
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A hydraulic engineer could tell you that unusual flow patterns are likely where a rapidly moving fluid diverges into two streams—at the carotid bifurcation, for example. But it was only during the last year, and only with a very advanced ultrasonic scanning system, that scientists demonstrated for the first time a phenomenon predicted by theoreticians: an area of reverse blood flow just beyond the carotid bifurcation. This phenomenon, called a "boundary layer" or "flow separation" in hydraulic engineering parlance, is the basis for a newly emerging theory of how and why atherosclerosis develops. The finding of a boundary layer was reported at the recent Joint International Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation in New Orleans by Christopher P. L. Wood, MB, BS, of the British Medical Research Council's Clinical Research Centre in Harrow, England. While a visiting fellow in the neurology department at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine in
Medical Education
Authors: Nicholas A. Halasz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent editorial (<b>216</b>:1853-1854, 1971) refers to a statement made by me (<i>New Eng J Med</i><b>284</b>:979, 1971) and attaches an interpretation to which I object strongly. In no way did I imply or state that curricular reform in our medical schools is dangerous per se. It becomes a threat only when accomplished in a vacuum without taking into account concurrent trends and changes in the entire continuum of medical education. Curricular reform and innovation grow rightly out of our dissatisfaction with the lockstep post-Flexnerian system. So long as change is not sought as a status symbol it should be welcomed, because it offers the hope of an improved learning experience to our students. This potential for improvement is much enhanced by the involvement and enthusiasm which innovation engenders in a faculty. These are essential ingredients of good teaching and represent major secondary gains arising