tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic Susceptibility
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The simultaneous study of environmental and genetic factors has become practical with recent advances in techniques for measuring mutations or polymorphisms in DNA.One of the most important public health applications of molecular genetics, and of the Human Gen- ome Project, is the Dr. Jack A. Taylor description of genes that may affect suscep- tibility to disease.NIEHS is using basic genetic research to improve the ability to detect environmental toxins.NIEHS is collaborating with the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Center for Health Statistics to identify and test candidate susceptibility genes.Epidemiologic case-control studies allow the simultaneous examination of polymorphic genes, environmental expo- sures, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.Jack A. Taylor and Allen J. Wilcox of the NIEHS Epidemiology Branch are working with the EPA and NCHS to assemble a bank of DNA specimens with linked environmental exposure and health outcomes from 11,000 persons who repre- sent a random sample of the U.S. population.Subsamples from this collection will be used to establish precise gene frequencies for the entire U.S. population, as well as for ethnic and regional subpopulations.This information will be crucial for risk assessment and genetic screening.Taylor and Douglas A. Bell of the NIEHS Laboratory of Biochemical Risk Analysis are developing both laboratory techniques and methods for large-scale population studies of susceptibility.The strategy of identifying susceptibility genes and then testing them in epidemiologic studies will produce powerful tools for detecting environmental hazards.On a broader scale, this program will help lay the groundwork for a new era of health research that more fully integrates genetic and environmental factors as causes of human disease.
Treatment of Gonorrhea in the Male.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician specialty, systems of health care, and patient outcomes
Authors: S. D. Fihn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Sixty-five years ago nearly 90% of the physicians in the United States were generalists.<sup>1</sup>Since then there has been a trend toward increasing specialization, particularly during the past two decades, with the result that two thirds of the practicing physicians in this country are now specialists. Coincidentally, medical expenditures grew uncontrollably, fueled by explosive growth in specialized and expensive technologies. Lately, various forms of managed care have emerged as a means to control costs, leading to controversy about the relative quality of care available from different systems. Many managed care organizations restrict access to specialists because they tend to perform more tests and procedures than generalist physicians.<sup>2,3</sup>This declining use of speciality services has created a surfeit of specialists that many authorities believe will persist until well into the next century.<sup>4</sup>Although anticipated for decades, this reduction in demand for specialty services in many communities has occurred
Outpatient oxygen for chronic airway obstruction
Authors: T. L. Petty
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ALL primary physicians who provide ambulatory care encounter large and increasing numbers of patients with emphysema and chronic bronchitis that together are called chronic airway obstruction. Many have advanced disease and are disabled. Since significant hypoxemia is present in many of these patients, the value and practicality of outpatient oxygen therapy for both objective and subjective benefit has recently become of interest. Pertinent questions remain concerning indications, economic problems, safety, and the possibility of oxygen toxicity. The purpose of this commentary is to review our nine experiences with oxygen provided to ambulatory patients and to give at least preliminary answers to these remaining questions. In 1965, we embarked on a systematic study of what we then called long-term oxygen therapy for a group of<i>highly selected</i>patients with chronic airway obstruction. Briefly, this initial group of only six patients had the bronchitic type of chronic airway obstruction, with clinical evidence
American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol Screening
Authors: Iftikhar Ul Haq
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 December 1996American College of Physicians Guidelines on Cholesterol ScreeningIftikhar Ul Haq, MD, Peter R. Jackson, MD, and Lawrence E. Ramsay, MDIftikhar Ul Haq, MDRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, Peter R. Jackson, MDRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author, and Lawrence E. Ramsay, MDRoyal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We welcome the new guidelines of the American College of Physicians [1], which selectively target for cholesterol screening persons at relatively high risk for coronary disease. We have developed a refinement of this approach [2] that counts and weighs recognized coronary risk factors, a method that is more accurate than simply counting risk factors. A table based on the Framingham risk function and simple enough for ordinary practice can be readily constructed to target for screening those who may have a specific coronary risk and to signal the cholesterol concentration that confers that level of risk in ...References1. American College of Physicians. Guidelines for using serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels as screening tests for preventing coronary heart disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:515-7. Google Scholar2. Haq IU, Jackson PR, Yeo WW, Ramsay LE. Sheffield risk and treatment table for cholesterol lowering for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1995; 346:1467-71. Google Scholar3. LaRosa JC. Cholesterol agonistics. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:505-8. Google Scholar4. Robertson I, Phillips A, Mant D, Thorogood M, Fowler G, Fuller A, et al. Motivational effect of cholesterol measurement in general practice health checks. Br J Gen Pract. 1992; 42:469-72. Google Scholar5. Ramsay LE, Yeo WW, Jackson PR. Dietary reduction of serum cholesterol concentration: time to think again. Br Med J. 1991; 303:953-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Iftikhar Ul Haq, MD; Peter R. Jackson, MD; Lawrence E. Ramsay, MDAffiliations: Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 12Page: 1010KeywordsAttentionBloodCholesterolDrug therapyDrugsHypercholesterolemiaMedical risk factorsScreening guidelinesStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Ovarian Cancer Tests
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trebananib Boosts PFS in Ovarian Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2013)

Abstract Preliminary results of a phase III trial comparing trebananib and paclitaxel with a placebo and paclitaxel in about 900 women with recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer show a statistically significant advantage of 1.8 months in median progression-free survival for women enrolled in the trebananib arm versus the control arm.
Erythema and conjunctivitis. Outbreak caused by inadvertent exposure to ultraviolet light
Authors: R. C. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1979)

During August to November 1977, fifty-eight episodes of erythema or conjunctivitis or both occurred among nursing-service employees at a large state hospital. Epidemiologic investigation implicated an ultraviolet-light— producing germicidal bulb in a nursing station's desk lamp as the causative agent. Removal of the lamp from the nursing station controlled the outbreak. Analysis of the spectral irradiance from the bulb suggested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health exposure standards were exceeded in five to 20 minutes, depending on the individual's distance from the lamp. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1155-1156, 1979)
Bioscience—Bioethics
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
To the Young Doctors of 1895
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biomarkers and Pediatric Environmental Health
Authors: Bertram Lubin, Rachel Lewis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

It is now possible to identify biochemical and/or cellular changes in humans due to exposure to an environmental toxin.These changes are called biomarkers and are currently used in research studies to identify individuals exposed to specific toxic substances.Advances in the field of biomarker technology may have important implications for the detection, prevention, and treatment of certain diseases in children.This technology may enable physicians to screen children who have no clinically detectable illness for evidence of exposure to specific toxins.Such information could lead to implementation of preventive measures and development of new therapeutic strategies.However, several important issues, including potential adverse consequences resulting from the widespread use of this technology, must be considered prior to its utilization within a clinical setting.Leaders of the pediatric and public health communities should recognize the paucity of scientific data in the pediatric environmental health area, and new approaches to this important aspect of child health should be developed.This article will address several of the issues involved in pediatric environmental health and consider questions that should be answered as the potential for technology transfer becomes a reality.-
THE GERMICIDAL ACTION OF THE BODY FLUIDS.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Generic Substitution
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The chemotherapy of hypertension
Authors: E. D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

It was by chance that I became involved in 1946 in the clinical evaluation of antihypertensive agents. After World War II, I had returned to Boston to complete my residency training in internal medicine and to work in hemodynamics research with Robert Wilkins at the Massachusetts Memorial Hospital. Surgical sympathectomy was then the popular method for treating hypertension and Dr. Wilkins was involved with Reginald Smithwick in assessing the cardiovascular and circulatory changes associated with this operative procedure. However, Dr. Wilkins and Chester Keefer had been asked by James Shannon, who was then director of the Squibb Institute for Medical Research, to work with the Institute in exploring the possibility of developing a successful chemotherapy for hypertension. The clinical evaluation of any drugs that might emerge in this project was assigned to me working under the direction of Dr. Wilkins. The first drug tested was an outgrowth of the World
Cost-effectiveness of prenatal screening and immunization for hepatitis B virus
Authors: J. A. Arevalo
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet controversy still exists regarding the value of routine screening of pregnant women in the United States and subsequent immunization of their at-risk neonates. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such a screening and immunization program, we developed a decision analysis model and obtained data from published reports, chart review, and a Delphi survey to determine outcome probabilities and costs. When considering direct and indirect costs, routine screening and immunization would be cost-effective at a prevalence of 0.06%, significantly lower than the national prevalence of 0.2%. At an annual national birth rate of 3.5 million births, a national policy of routine screening of all pregnant women would result in an annual net savings of more than $105 million. In the high-risk groups, as many as 140 cases of acute neonatal hepatitis and as many as 1400 cases of chronic liver disease would be prevented yearly per 100 000 pregnant women screened, at a net annual savings of as much as $765 million. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:365-369)
Quality standards intend to bring psychiatry, primary care into closer collaboration
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

NEW STANDARDS from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) may join together what managed care and medical traditions seemingly have kept asunder: psychiatry and primary care. Late last month the Washington, DCbased NCQA released the final version of the first national accreditation standards for managed behavioral health care organizations. The new standards were spurred by the explosive growth during the 1980s of specialized managed care companies that contracted with health plans to provide mental and behavioral health care services. The NCQA estimates that more than 300 such organizations currently are serving about 100 million people in the United States. The market for managed behavioral health care is expected to grow as state governments increasingly cover Medicaid recipients' behavioral health care through managed care plans. "Purchasers and consumers have expressed concern about the absence of quality information related to managed behavioral health care," said Margaret E. O'Kane, MHS, NCQA's president.
MOTION PICTURES OF OBSTETRIC PROCEDURES
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Nephrotoxicity of Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Gerald B. Appel, Harold C. Neu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Selection of an antibiotic to use in the treatment of an infection should be based on benefittoxicity ratios, particularly in critically ill patients with marginal renal function and potentially lethal infections. Many factors intrinsic to the kidney are important in the development of antibiotic-induced renal damage. The kidneys make up only 0.4 per cent of body weight but receive approximately 25 per cent of the cardiac output at rest each minute.1 Nephrons are exposed to high concentrations of antibiotics by glomerular filtration, as well as through tubular secretion and reabsorption. Since the kidney is a major excretory pathway for many . . .
A SUMMER'S EXPERIENCE WITH INFANTILE DYSENTERY.
Authors: J. H. MASON KNOX
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>TREATMENT.</h3> The treatment of these cases at the sanitarium followed in the main the usually accepted lines and will not be here detailed. In all acute cases milk was stopped for varying periods, and boiled water, with or without egg albumin, dextrinized cereal waters or broths, and later whey, were substituted. Gastric lavage was resorted to occasionally, but in nearly all instances the colon was repeatedly irrigated. On admission the intestinal tract was usually emptied by calomel or castor oil. Of the several intestinal astringents which were tried none proved more satisfactory than bismuth subnitrate in large doses. As stimulants, whisky or brandy, strychnia, digitalin and atropin were found useful in the order named. Opium was sparingly employed. <h3>Serum Treatment.</h3> —Through the kindness of Dr. Flexner and the generosity of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the sanitarium was supplied with antidysenteric serum obtained from horses immunized against the