tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II study of oxaliplatin in patients with unresectable, metastatic or recurrent hepatocellular cancer
Authors: Y. Yen, J. Doroshow, L. Leong, D. Lim, L. Wagman, R. Morgan, P. Frankel, H. Lenz, D. Gandara, S. Shibata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4169 Background: Prolonged survival for patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has remained elusive, with median overall survival consistently less than 6 months. Oxaliplatin has recently demonstrated promise activity in HCC. The aim of this study is to determine the response rate, survival, time to progression and toxicity in pts with poor prognosis HCC treated with single agent oxaliplatin. Methods: pts were required to have measurable recurrent, metastatic or unresectable HCC, exposed to no more than 2 prior chemotherapy regimens. Prior radiation, chemoembolization, and/or alcohol injections were permitted. Karnofsky performance of 70% or above and adequate organ and hematologic function were required. All patients (pts) received treatment with oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and 15 as a two hour IV infusion and were pretreated with antiemetics. Treatment was repeated every 28 days. Results: Fifteen pts have been enrolled and fourteen eligible patients are evaluable for response; there are five Caucasians, one African-American, and eight Asians. 12 are males and 2 females. Median age at study entry was 62 years, (range 34–80). Karnofsky performance status was 70/80/90/100% in 1/1/3/9 pts; thirteen pts had previous surgery. Among the 14 evaluable pts, one PR was deserved and six had stable disease. The pt experiencing a PR normalized his AFP; has only a small residual liver mass remaining; and is free of progression at nine months. Median time to progression or death on this study is 2.7 months (mo); the overall median survival is 10 mo. Six mo survival is 51% (95% CI 28%–94%) and 6 mo event-free survival is 29% (95% CI 11%–72%). Five pts died from progressive disease, and one pt died of pneumonia. Grade III toxicities included neutropenia (1), anemia (1), fatigue (2), transaminitis (2), hyperbilirubinemia (1), elevated alkaline phosphatase (1), hyperglycemia (1), hyponatremia (1), and neuropathy (1). Conclusion: Oxaliplatin as a single agent has demonstrated potential activity in the treatment of poor prognosis HCC; accrual to this study will continue past the interim analysis. (Supported by CA62505 and N01-CM17101) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome— United States, 1980-1988
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is "the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age which remains unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history." Although SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion and of unknown etiology, it is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States, accounting for approximately one-third of all such deaths. This report analyzes age-, race-, and region-specific trends for SIDS in the United States during 1983-1994 (the latest year for which final data are available) and indicates that annual rates of SIDS declined more than three times faster during 1990-1994 than during 1983-1989.
Postgraduate preceptorships
Authors: R. C. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Continuing education on a one-to-one basis in a wide range of medical fields is offered to practicing physicians by 75 specialists in a postgraduate preceptorship network involving 16 university-affiliated and community hospitals in Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma, and Yakima, Washington. Ninety-three individual preceptorships averaging five days in length have been completed in a continuing medical education project sponsored by the Washington/Alaska Regional Medical Program and the Division of Continuing Medical Education at the University of Washington School of Medicine. Experience indicates that the age-old informal learning method with a preceptor at a teaching institution retains a significant place among today's continuing education programs.
Field staff: inspect, initiate enforcement, investigate
Authors: K. Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The FDA's field organization consists of ten regional offices, 22 district offices, and approximately 125 resident inspection posts, staffed by 2,600 persons who are responsible for performing the agency's inspections, investigations, and analytical work, and for recommending enforcement actions. Regional offices are located in the country's larger cities, providing overall direction for field activities within their territories. According to William Schwemer, assistant associate commissioner for regulatory affairs, the directors of these offices have primary responsibility for coordinating a number of state/federal programs, such as assuring compliance with standards for milk shipment and interstate travel sanitation. The bulk of the day-to-day field work, however, takes place in the district offices. Each of these offices has three branches—administrative, investigative, and compliance, and each has laboratory support. (According to Schwemer, these laboratories have become more specialized in recent years and there are no longer single laboratories that can do all the necessary analytical
Anaphylaxis after intravenous methylprednisolone administration
Authors: M. D. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ALLERGIC type 1 (anaphylactic) reactions to corticosteroid compounds are rare, but a few well-documented case reports of allergic reactions to prednisolone<sup>1</sup>and methylprednisolone sodium succinate<sup>1</sup>have been reported. We describe a patient who experienced an anaphylactic reaction to systemically administered methylprednisolone. Allergic sensitivity to this compound as well as to hydrocortisone hemisuccinate was documented by results of intradermal and skin prick testing. Furthermore, our patient demonstrated his allergic reaction only to the succinate esters of the parent corticosteroids. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of an anaphylactic reaction to only the succinate acid ester of methylprednisolone without reaction to methylprednisolone acetate. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room for an acute asthmatic attack. The patient had a history of childhood asthma that was seasonal in nature, but he had been asymptomatic for the past 30 years. Two days before
Tubal sterilization and the long-term risk of hysterectomy
Authors: A. Stergachis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To assess the effect of tubal sterilization on the risk of hysterectomy, we studied 7414 women aged 20 to 49 years who had had a tubal sterilization at a health maintenance organization between January 1, 1968, and December 31,1983. Compared with a population-based cohort of nonsterilized women, women sterilized while 20 to 29 years old were 3.4 times more likely to have had a subsequent hysterectomy (95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 4.7). Adjustment for the effects of potential confounders with a subset of 276 women did not appreciably alter this association. For multivariate comparisons with 5323 wives of vasectomized men, there was no significant elevation in the risk of hysterectomy following sterilization among women sterilized while 20 to 29 years old. Tubal sterilization was not associated with hysterectomy for married women who underwent tubal sterilization at age 30 or older. These results do not support a biological basis for the relationship between tubal sterilization and hysterectomy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2893-2898)
Detection of Choledocholithiasis Using Endoscopic Ultrasanography – One Centre's Experience
Authors: D O'Donovan, S Sengupta, P MacMathuna, E Clarke
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Aims: To evaluate the utility of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessing patients with biliary symptoms and to compare the sensitivity of EUS with other modalities in the detection of choledocholithiasis (CDL).
Genealogy of cancer in a family
Authors: W. A. Blattner
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Three brothers had separate childhood cancers—osteogenic sarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and bilateral malignant neurilemoma. Comprehensive family history showed a total of 16 cases of cancer among the descendants of the proband's great-great-great-grandmother, including a previously unsuspected cluster of similar neoplasms in a distant branch. The constellation of tumors in the family included bony and soft-tissue sarcomas, brain and neural tumors, leukemia, and breast carcinoma, occurring in a pattern suggesting the action of an incompletely penetrant autosomal dominant gene with pleiotropic effects. In some cases the genetic predisposition may have interacted with environmental determinants to produce particular tumors. (<i>JAMA</i>241:259-261, 1979)
Film Reviews
Authors: Philip Thorek
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of time from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) to initiation of targeted therapy (TT) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Authors: Winston Vuong, Mark Chang, Nora Ruel, JoAnn Hsu, Courtney Carmichael, Robert A. Figlin, Sumanta Kumar Pal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e15614 Background: For patients (pts) with de novo mRCC, the initiation of TT typically occurs at a window of 4-6 weeks following CN. Although this practice is thought to mitigate impaired wound healing, bleeding and other complications (cx) in the perioperative period potentially related to antiangiogenic TT, there is limited data to support this practice. Methods: An institutional database including over 670 pts with RCC was interrogated. Pts with de novo mRCC who had received CN and subsequent TT were identified. When available, demographic data, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), body mass-index (BMI) and surgical data (estimated blood loss [EBL], intraoperative cx, etc.) were recorded. ICD-9 codes recorded up to 90 days following CN were evaluated; newly applied diagnoses with possible relationship to surgery were considered to be potential postoperative cx. For continuous variables, the Spearman correlation test was used to determine associations with time to TT. For categorical variables, Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to determine if time to TT varied across subgroups. Results: Of 270 pts with mRCC, 79 pts received CN. Of these, 34 pts received TT as an initial treatment strategy (others received IL-2, IFN or chemotherapy). The final analysis included the 28 pts with a documented date of TT initiation. Median time to TT was 45.5 days (range, 28-93). Median overall survival for the overall cohort was 17.2 months. No association was found between age, BMI, CCI, and time to TT; however, a correlation was found between number of sites of metastasis and time to TT (r=0.4922, P=0.0078). Time to TT did not vary by race (Caucasian vs. other) or class of TT (VEGF-directed therapy vs. mTOR inhibitor). Furthermore, EBL and the frequency of intraoperative cx did not vary by time to TT. The most frequently encountered postoperative cx included pleural effusion, pain, fatigue and nausea. Conclusions: With the caveat of our small sample size, the lack of an association between operative cx and time to TT suggests that an abbreviated timeframe between CN and TT may be entertained. These findings warrant exploration in larger series and/or prospective validation.
Abstract 722: Epigenetic regulation of the <i>Birc5</i> promoter explains mechanism of action of YM-155 in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Aleksander Mika, Sarah Luelling, Adriene Pavek, Neil Parkinson, Alexandra Heyneman, Jared J. Barrott
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract YM-155 is an anti-cancer therapy that has advanced into 11 different human clinical trials to treat various cancers. This apoptosis-inducing therapy indirectly affects the protein levels of Survivin (Gene: Birc5), but the molecular underpinnings of the mechanism remain largely unknown. Synovial sarcoma is another cancer with high protein expression of Survivin. We investigated whether YM-155 would be a viable therapeutic option to treat synovial sarcoma. We, therefore, applied YM-155 therapy to human synovial sarcoma cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of synovial sarcoma. We discovered that YM-155 exhibited nanomolar potency against human synovial sarcoma cell lines and the treated mice with synovial sarcoma demonstrated a 50% reduction in tumor volume compared to control treated mice. We further investigated the mechanism of action of YM-155 by looking at the change of modifications of the histone tails that were near the Birc5 promoter. Using chomatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) we discovered that the histone epigenetic marks of H3K27 for the Birc5 promoter changed upon YM-155 treatment. H3K27me3 increased whereas the H3K27ac decreased, highlighting the decrease of the protein Survivin occurs through epigenetic silencing of the gene’s promoter. The treatment of YM-155 was accompanied by an increase in NFkB protein expression, which indicates an attempt of the cell to initiate a positive feedback due to the decrease in Survivin expression. This combination of molecular events eventually resulted in Caspace 3/7/8 upregulation and death of the sarcoma cells. Citation Format: Aleksander Mika, Sarah Luelling, Adriene Pavek, Neil Parkinson, Alexandra Heyneman, Jared J. Barrott. Epigenetic regulation of the Birc5 promoter explains mechanism of action of YM-155 in synovial sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 722.
Mutilating lawn mower injuries in children
Authors: P. M. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Serious injuries from riding power mowers were sustained by 18 children. Eleven children were passengers on the mower and fell into its path. The injuries required an extensive number of hospitalizations and reconstructive procedures. Fifteen patients suffered considerable residual deformities. Operating riding power mowers in the vicinity of children must be actively discouraged. (<i>JAMA</i>236:480-481, 1976)
Improvement in prognosis of myocardial infarction by long-term beta-adrenoreceptor blockade using practolol. A multicentre international study.
Authors: Alderley Park, D Chamberlain, R Fulton, N Hamer, M Oliver, B Pentecost, I Anrep, J Parrish, Thornton Heath, G Apthorp, St Albans, ; Armstrong, R Strachan, ; Ball, D Barritt, C Clark, ; Colvin, J Millar, J Cosh, J Davies, H Dewar, Newcastle Upon, D Evans, Tunbridge Everest, J Wells, J Fawcett, Sheffield Fleming, M George, Salisbury Gillam, M Goldberg, ; Gray, ; Gray, London Hollman, W Hudson, M Husaini, F Jackson, C Henderson, P Szekely, D Julian, P Lamb- Den, D Lawrie, Hastings Logan, W Macfadyen, G Mackenzie, ; Meecham, E Montuschi, ; London, Kilbride Morris, P Mulcahy, T Ormerod, ; Cheltenham, H Parkinson, Swansea Rees, A Robertson, B Robinson, G Royston, ; Sandler, G Shaw, J Robinson, J Shillingford, D Short, D Smith, F Smith, D Smyllie, A Taylor, J Thomas, ; Williams, Middles- Brough Wilsdon, W Wilson, M Wood, R Wood, J Barlow, ; Bekes, T Counihan, R Norris, ; Oyri, ; Pannier, J Van Durme, P Roos, J Van Der Meer, ; Amsterdam, ; Sloman, Pretoria Ziady, W Simpson, J Lewis, R Tuson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a large-scale double-blind controlled trial of practolol (200 mg twice daily) in the long-term prophylactic treatment of 3038 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction treatment was started one to four weeks after the acute attack. The trial was originally planned to include 4000 patients treated for at least a year but had to be terminated prematurely because of the serious oculocutaneous and peritoneal reactions reported elsewhere. Nevertheless, important findings, probably applicable to other beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, have emerged in relation to mortality and morbidity. (1) The practolol-treated group showed a significant reduction in overall mortality and in sudden deaths; (2) there was a highly significant reduction in "all cardiac events"; (3) the reduction in overall mortality was virtually confined to patients whose original pre-entry infarcts were sited anteriorly; (4) the protective effect of practolol was most evident in those patients with pre-entry anterior infarcts whose blood pressures at entry were below the mean for the trial as a whole; (5) there were highly significant group differences in favour of the drug relating to the incidence of angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias, and to the numbers of patients who had to be withdrawn from the trial because of these conditions; (6) significantly more patients were withdrawn from the treatment group because of suspected adverse reactions. It is concluded that practolol used in the long-term treatment of patients who have survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction reduces the death rate when the original infarct is sited anteriorly. It is postulated that the favourable results of the trial were due to beta-adrenoreceptor blockade rather than to some other property specific to practolol itself. Since practolol produces severe side effects in long-term use it is recommended that an alternative beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent should be used.
For "Acetonide," Read "Diacetate."
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Circulation</i> Editors' Picks
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We evaluated data on blacks and whites with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI)-4 and -5 participating centers between July 2000 and December 2006 to determine race-related differences in bleeding and outcomes.We found that among patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction receiving fibrinolysis, the bleeding rates were higher for blacks (nϭ2283) than whites (nϭ42 243; 10.9% versus 10.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.43).Similarly, in patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the bleeding rates were higher in blacks (nϭ2826) than whites (nϭ46 332; 10.3% versus 7.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.56).Bleeding was associated with a higher risk of death in both ethnic groups.However, there was no overall racial difference in in-hospital mortality among those with bleeding or without bleeding treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention.We concluded that race-related differences existed in bleeding risk among patients with ST-segmentelevation myocardial infarction receiving reperfusion therapy that portend poor prognosis.Thus, the efficacy and safety of many new drugs or treatment strategies for any disease observed in clinical trials that enroll predominantly white patients may not be similar in other ethnic groups that are underrepresented in these trials.Conclusions: Blacks with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction treated with either fibrinolysis or primary percutaneous coronary intervention had a higher risk of bleeding events than their white counterparts.Bleeding was associated with a similar increased risk of death in both ethnic groups treated by either reperfusion strategy.
Metals in Lung Tissue from Autopsy Cases in Mexico City Residents: Comparison of Cases from the 1950s and the 1980s
Authors: Teresa Imelda Fortoul, Liliana Saldivar Osorio, Araceli Tovar Tovar, Dolores Salazar, Maria Elena Castilla, Gustavo Olaiz-Fernandez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In autopsies performed on residents of Mexico City during the 1950s and 1980s (45 males and 24 females and 42 males and 42 females, respectively), concentrations of cadmium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and lead in the lungs were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Sharp increases were noted in samples taken in the 1980s compared to those from the 1950s. In samples from both time periods, the concentrations were influenced by gender. Smoking was not associated with higher levels of the metals. Only lead seemed to have a relation with age. The enormous differences by gender in the 1950s could be due to different patterns of exposure. The differences among samples from both periods appear to be associated with the increase of air pollutants in the metropolitan areas of Mexico City during the years under study. These results reinforce the importance of studying lung tissue to monitor air pollution by metals.