tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reports from the Consuls of the United States on the Commerce, Manufactures, etc., of their Consular Districts. No. 32. August, 1883. Published by the Department of State, According to Act of Congress.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nanoparticle Toxicology
Authors: Wen Yang, Lin Wang, Evan M. Mettenbrink, Paul L. DeAngelis, Stefan Wilhelm
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2020)

Nanoparticles from natural and anthropogenic sources are abundant in the environment, thus human exposure to nanoparticles is inevitable. Due to this constant exposure, it is critically important to understand the potential acute and chronic adverse effects that nanoparticles may cause to humans. In this review, we explore and highlight the current state of nanotoxicology research with a focus on mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle toxicity at organ, tissue, cell, and biomolecular levels. We discuss nanotoxicity mechanisms, including generation of reactive oxygen species, nanoparticle disintegration, modulation of cell signaling pathways, protein corona formation, and poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated immunogenicity. We conclude with a perspective on potential approaches to advance current understanding of nanoparticle toxicity. Such improved understanding may lead to mitigation strategies that could enable safe application of nanoparticles in humans. Advances in nanotoxicity research will ultimately inform efforts to establish standardized regulatory frameworks with the goal of fully exploiting the potential of nanotechnology while minimizing harm to humans.
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: John H. Noseworthy, Claudia Lucchinetti, Moses Rodriguez, Brian G. Weinshenker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

More than 100 years has passed since Charcot, Carswell, Cruveilhier, and others described the clinical and pathological characteristics of multiple sclerosis.1 This enigmatic, relapsing, and often eventually progressive disorder of the white matter of the central nervous system continues to challenge investigators trying to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and prevent its progression.2 There are 250,000 to 350,000 patients with multiple sclerosis in the United States.3 Multiple sclerosis typically begins in early adulthood and has a variable prognosis. Fifty percent of patients will need help walking within 15 years after the onset of disease.4 Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . . .
The fetal tobacco syndrome
Authors: P. Nieburg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

THE ADVERSE effects of substance abuse during pregnancy have been increasingly well documented. During the past decade, the term "fetal alcohol syndrome" was coined to refer to a constellation of adverse effects due to alcohol abuse during pregnancy. This was an important step in relating preventable maternal behaviors to adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Almost three decades ago, cigarette smoking during pregnancy was reported to affect birth weight adversely.<sup>1</sup>Although a very large number of studies have subsequently confirmed those findings and have further identified a broad spectrum of additional adverse consequences,<sup>2</sup>no diagnostic term analogous to fetal alcohol syndrome has been available to relate maternal smoking behavior to these adverse outcomes. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is clearly associated with birth weight deficits of up to 250 g for full-term newborns.<sup>3</sup>A clear dose-response relationship exists between the number of cigarettes smoked and the birth-weight deficit.<sup>4</sup>Compared
Geriatric medicine
Authors: K. M. Prestwood
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older men and women, and advanced age is the most consistent risk factor for all types of stroke.<sup>1</sup>Recent controlled studies evaluating the treatment of two major risk factors for stroke, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, have shown considerable benefit in reducing stroke rate, even in the oldest age groups. Defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, ISH increases with age secondary to a decrease in arterial compliance.<sup>2</sup>The risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are increased with ISH; for any given systolic blood pressure, the oldest age groups have the highest number of events.<sup>3,4</sup> The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program was initiated to examine the effectiveness of ISH treatment in persons older than 60 years.<sup>5</sup>Just less than 5000
Transvenous cryoablation in dogs with a healed anterior myocardial infarction: A promising method for ablation of ventricular tachycardia Luz-Maria Rodriguez, Robert van Suylen, Marc Vos, Carl Timmermans, Jet Leunissen, Bart J. Korteling, Arend Hoekstra, Wilfred Heiner, Hein J. J. Wellens. Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Antibiotic usage
Authors: R. Finley
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Finley's comments are appreciated. The 50 patients whose records were reviewed were selected in a completely random manner. The appraisal of the antibiotic management was accomplished individually by three physicians prior to the assignment of the terms "inappropriate" or "appropriate." Examples of the criteria employed are (1) no evidence of infection and no indicated reason for prophylaxis, and (2) no bacterial cultures obtained, or an organism isolated but resistant to the drug employed. Antibiotics are one of the most frequently prescribed groups of drugs, and in the best interests of patient management, we must continue to use antimicrobial agents wisely to achieve effective therapy, to try to minimize the development of resistant organisms, and to reduce costs of treatment if two equally effective antimicrobial agents are available. These problems have been carefully considered in the report by Kunin et al.<sup>1</sup>In 1977 the ad hoc
Mechanism of biosynthesis of methylsulfones from PCBs and related compounds.
Authors: T Mio, K Sumino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Mercapto-, methylthio-, methylsulfinyl- and methysulfonyl metabolites of PCBs 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and some other chlorobenzenes were identified in adipose tissues of mice, rats and guinea pigs by using GC/MS/COM systems. By means of administration of CD3-methionine, it was confirmed that the methyl group in methylthio metabolites was derived from the methionine. Moreover, after pretreatment with either esterification of urinary metabolites in guinea pigs with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene or N-acetylation after esterification, it was confirmed that cysteinylglycine, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, mercaptopyruvate, mercaptolactate, mercaptacetate, thiol and disulfide conjugates were detected as a serial modified derivatives of glutathione moiety. These results are summarized as a metabolic proposed pathway of halogenated aromatic compounds. Three routes in pathway correspond to oxygenation (initial route), glutathione thioether disposition (intermediate route) and sulfoxydation (final route) in connection with both reactive intermediates of epoxide and thiol. Methylation of the thiol by S-adenosylmethionine may be important in inhibiting covalent binding of reactive intermediates with biocomponents, similar to the glutathione conjugation for the detoxification of epoxide.
Table of Contents
Authors: T Alp Ikizler, Jai Radhakrishnan, Germaine Wong, Eric Siddall, Sandro Mazzaferro, Marzia Pasquali, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Andrew Levey, Lesley Inker, Caroline Prot-Bertoye, Marion Vallet, Pascal Houillier, John Asplin, David Goldfarb, Nicole Andeen, Alfred Cheung, Tara Chang, William Cushman, Susan Furth, Joachim Ix, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Vlado Perkovic, Mark Sarnak, Sheldon Tobe, Charles Tomson, Michael Cheung, David Wheeler, Wolfgang Winkelmayer, Johannes Mann, Eric Rondeau, Valerie Luyckx, Hans-Joachim Anders, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Sandrine Florquin, Hans-Peter Marti, Klaus Ølgaard, Paul Harden, Nirupama Ramkumar, Donald Kohan, Anil Agarwal, Nabil Haddad, Tushar Vachharajani, Arif Asif, Juan Díaz-Tocados, María Rodríguez-Ortiz, Yolanda Almadén, Carmen Pineda, Julio Martínez-Moreno, Carmen Herencia, Noemi Vergara, Victoria Pendón-Ruiz De Mier, Rafael Santamaría, Cristian Rodelo-Haad, Antonio Casado-Díaz, Víctor Lorenzo, Catarina Carvalho, João Frazão, Arnold Felsenfeld, William Richards, Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero, Mariano Rodríguez, Ignacio López, Juan Muñoz-Castañeda, Tilman Jobst-Schwan, Charlotte Hoogstraten, Caroline Kolvenbach, Johanna Schmidt, Amy Kolb, Ronen Schneider, Shazia Ashraf, Eugen Widmeier, Amar Majmundar, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Theresa Wewers, Anna Mayer, Alexander Pfleiderer, Katrin Beul, Rene Schmidt, Barbara Heitplatz, Veerle Van Marck, Ingo Nolte, Hermann Pavenstädt, Stefan Reuter, Marcus Brand, Giovana Di
Journal: Kidney International (2019)
Collecting and banking human milk.
Authors: K Woods, S Smith, J Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1980)

discernible in Dr Trapido's data and we estimate that his para 1 and para 2 groups are significantly younger (55 7 and 55 5 years) than the nulliparous (58-9 years).To test these predictions we have pooled the 1742 patients described by Dr Trapido, by Dr Juret and his colleagues,' and by us.As the table shows, the results conform very closely to those expected.Age and parity in patients with breast cancer-pooled data Parity 0 1 2 3 4 >5 Mean age at presentation 59-1 58-1 55-2 55-8 57 0 59-0 No 464 336 381 268 139 154Mean age at presentation is only an indirect index of latency and large numbers are needed to minimise other factors such as differing ages at initiation and inherent tumour growth rates.We suggest that this accounts for the differences between the three studies.
THE NEXT SESSION OF THE ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial contusion
Authors: R. J. Rothstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

MYOCARDIAL contusion was described as early as 1676,<sup>1</sup>with the first autopsy-proved case reported by Akenside<sup>2</sup>in 1764. Approximately 15% of victims of fatal chest trauma have myocardial contusions demonstrated at autopsy,<sup>3</sup>and between 9% and 76%<sup>4</sup>of victims of major trauma have been reported to suffer from this disease entity. Contusions to the heart may occur without obvious serious external injury, but the incidence of such is totally unknown. Despite extensive clinical experience and experimental data, we still lack definitive criteria for the clinical diagnosis and are without a readily available, noninvasive, sensitive, and specific diagnostic test to recognize myocardial contusion. Thus, the clinician who deals with seriously traumatized patients is left with the age-old tool, the "index of suspicion," in diagnosing myocardial contusion. The purpose of this article is to review current clinical criteria and modalities commonly used to diagnose myocardial contusion as well
Calculation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalent Concentrations of Complex Environmental Contaminant Mixtures
Authors: George Eadon, Laurence Kaminsky, Jay Silkworth, Kenneth Aldous, David Hilker, Patrick O'Keefe, Robert Smith, John Gierthy, John Hawley, Nancy Kim, Anthony DeCaprio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Sufficient toxicological data are now available to permit use of conventional risk assessment techniques to estimate the hazards associated with human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). However, many real-world exposures involve complex mixtures of dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds. Historical approaches to risk assessment on such mixtures have ranged from ignoring all compounds except 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself to assuming that all compounds have potencies equal to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. An alternative approach which uses existing literature data and analytical results to calculate the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of a mixture in order to "predict" its biological potency relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself is advanced here. Previously reported in vivo acute and subchronic studies and some recently obtained analytical chemistry data are integrated here to clarify the utility of this important approach and to assess the uncertainties associated with its use. This predictive approach, and various conceptually similar ones, have now found wide applicability to the risk assessment process associated with exposure to complex mixtures of dioxins, dibenzofurans, and related compounds.
Randomized placebo‐controlled trial of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating‐factor support for dose‐intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin
Authors: Jonathan C. Yau, James A. Neldhart, Pierre Triozzi, Shailendra Verma, John Nemunaitis, Donald P. Quick, David G. Mayernik, Dagmar H. Oette, Ann F. Hayes, John Holcenberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

This is a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) after dose-intensive cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (DICEP). Fifty-six patients with lymphoma or breast carcinoma were randomized to receive GM-CSF 250 μg/m2 or placebo subcutaneously (SC) every 12 hr after each course of DICEP until recovery of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 1.5 × 109/L. Each patient was to receive three courses of DICEP. There were 28 patients in each group. The median duration of ANC below 0.5 × 109/L was 10 versus 12 days for Course 1 (P = 0.010), 10 versus 12 days for Courses 2 (P = 0.248), and 16.5 versus 15 days for Course 3 (P = 0.126); platelet counts below 20 × 109/L was 4 versus 4 days for Course 1 (P = 0.586), 8.5 versus 7 days for Course 2 (P = 0.013), and 23.5 versus 10.5 days for Course 3 (P = 0.104); hospitalization for patients readmitted with cytopenic fever were 4 versus 8 days for Course 1 (P = 0.035); 7 versus 6 days for Course 2 (P = 0.692); and 8 versus 12 days for Course 3 (P = 0.884) in the GM-CSF and placebo group, respectively. GM-CSF significantly shortens the duration of neutropenia and readmission only during the first course of DICEP. There was a delay in platelet recovery and an increase in transfusion requirement during subsequent courses in the GM-CSF group. The result cautions the routine use of lineage specific hematopoietic growth factors in supporting repeated cycles of dose-intensive chemotherapy. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
THE GLAMOUR OF THE ULTRA-SCIENTIFIC.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chlorpromazine Jaundice
Authors: A. G. W. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Summary</h3> Manufacturing of probiotics and functional foods using lactic acid bacteria that overproduce vitamin B<sub>2</sub> has gained growing interest due to ariboflavinosis problems affecting populations of both developing and affluent countries. Two isogenic <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> strains, namely a riboflavin-producing parental strain (UFG9) and a roseoflavin-resistant strain (B2) that carries a mutation in the FMN-aptamer of the potential <i>rib</i> operon riboswitch, were analyzed for production and intra- and extracellular accumulation of flavins, as well as for regulation of the <i>rib</i> operon expression. Strain B2 accumulated in the medium one of the highest levels of riboflavin+FMN ever reported for lactic acid bacteria, exceeding by ~25 times those accumulated by UFG9. Inside the cells, concentration of FAD was similar in both strains, while that of riboflavin+FMN was ~6-fold higher in B2. Mutation B2 could decrease the stability of the aptamer’s regulatory P1 helix even in the presence of the effector, thus promoting the antiterminator structure of the riboswitch ON state. Although the B2-mutant riboswitch showed an impaired regulatory activity, it retained partial functionality being still sensitive to the effector. The extraordinary capacity of strain B2 to produce riboflavine, together with its metabolic versatility and probiotic properties, can be exploited for manufacturing multifunctional foods.
Abstract 1648: Deep learning tissue "fingerprints" to identify patients and predict clinical subtypes of breast cancer from digital pathology images
Authors: Rishi Rawat, Fei Sha, Darryl Shibata, Daniel Ruderman, David Agus
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Inspired by facial recognition, we define an analogous problem in digital pathology called tissue matching. The objective is to match histology image patches to the patient. Unlike many classification problems in pathology, tissue matching comes with its own ground truth, and does not require subjective annotation. Using tissue-matching via deep neural networks, we developed strategies to overcome common sources of noise in histology data, including H&amp;E and slide scanner variability. We demonstrate that the typical approach of increasing the training set size, in the current study up to 12,000 tissue cores, yields only moderate gains in test accuracy, while including a loss term promoting style-invariance cooperatively improves the impact of scaling training set size. Our best neural network learned features that matched patients from the test set of H&amp;E image patches with 93% accuracy (n=104 patients, baseline accuracy &amp;lt;1%). Leveraging this network’s identification ability, we applied its internal representation as a feature vector (tissue fingerprint) to apply to other problems in pathology. We found that a fingerprint-based classifier could predict estrogen receptor status from breast cancer whole-slides on two separate cohorts with high accuracy (AUCROC=0.89), a sizeable improvement over previous approaches. This work presents a novel, scalable, and transparent approach to train neural networks to identify distinctive features of pathology images. These features have demonstrated utility in classifying biomarkers from morphology and have the potential to assist in a number of difficult tasks in pathology, including tissue subtype classification and patient tumor similarity assessments based on morphometry. Citation Format: Rishi Rawat, Fei Sha, Darryl Shibata, Daniel Ruderman, David Agus. Deep learning tissue "fingerprints" to identify patients and predict clinical subtypes of breast cancer from digital pathology images [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1648.
Frozen Section Analysis of Esophageal Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Specimens in the Real-Time Management of Barrett’s Esophagus
Authors: G.A. Prasad, K.K. Wang, L.S. Lutzke, J.T. Lewis, S.O. Sanderson, N.S. Buttar, L.M. Wong Kee Song, L.S. Borkenhagen, L.J. Burgart, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)