tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of in Vitro and in Vivo Methods by Means of Mass Dose and Fiber Distribution for Amosite and Fibrous Ferroactinolite
Authors: David L. Coffin, Lalita D. Palekar, Phillip M. Cook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Oncogenesis and in vitro data (reported elsewhere in detail) are compared on the basis of relative activity by mass and by dimensional fiber parameters. When tumor induction is compared to the number of fibers of various lengths and aspect ratios in the dose in rats to the degree of tumor induction, a degree of difference with the long thin fiber concept of tumorigenesis by mineral fibers is noted. Consistency is re-established, however, when cognizance is taken of the change in the length and aspect ratio that took place during residence in the lung. This change resulted in a severalfold excess for ferroactinolite of all fiber lengths with high aspect ratios, produced as a result of longitudinal splitting of the introduced fibers. The response by mass in the in vitro procedures did not mimic oncogenesis. When mass was so adjusted that there were an equal number of mineral fibers, aspect ratio greater than 3, for dose for the two minerals, agreement was closer in both the rabbit alveolar macrophage toxicity test and the clonal cytotoxicity assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells. When activity was related to the number of mineral fibers, the same aspect ratio computed to have been contained in the mass dose, agreement with the relative induction of lung tumors was closer. In all cases, erythrocyte lysis was more active in reflecting the number of mineral fibers.
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Pik3ca mutations need help to initiate tumorsIn a substantial number of human cancers, including 8%-12% of ovarian cancers, the PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α subunit of PI3K, is mutated in such a way that PI3K activity is enhanced.Despite the frequency of such mutations, their precise contribution to tumor initiation and progression has not been determined.Kinross and colleagues have now investigated this issue by generating and analyzing mice in which the PIK3CA H1047R mutation commonly detected in human cancers can be conditionally knocked into the endogenous Pik3ca locus (553-557).Induction of Pik3ca H1047R in the mouse ovary failed to induce tumor initiation.However, induction of Pik3ca H1047R together with deletion of Pten, which encodes a negative regulator of PI3K activity, led to the development of ovarian tumors.These data indicate that a second genetic hit that enhances PI3K pathway activity is needed for Pik3ca H1047R to initiate tumorigenesis in the mouse ovary.Evidence that this is also the case in humans was provided by the observation that PIK3CA mutations commonly coexist with KRAS and/or PTEN mutations in ovarian cancer samples.
Caecal tuberculosis.
Authors: A R Anscombe, N C Keddie, P F Schofield
Journal: Gut (1967)

This paper demonstrates that caecal tuberculosis must be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of carcinoma.The patients described in this series all had the hypertrophic type with maximum involvement at the caecum and with the terminal ileum involved early in advanced cases.Hypertrophic ileo-caecal tuberculosis was often diagnosed on clinical grounds in the last century, but it was subsequently realized that many granulomata of this type were not of tuberculous origin (Moschcowitz and Wilensky, 1923).The description of regional ileitis (Crohn, Ginzburg, and Oppenheimer, 1932) raised further doubts about the incidence of hypertrophic ileo-caecal tuberculosis; in fact, Warren and Sommers (1948) stated that regional ileitis included so many cases of the 'so-called ileocaecal tuberculosis' that this term was practically obsolete.Further support for this view was provided when specimens preserved in museums and listed as 'hypertrophic ileo-caecal tuberculosis' proved on further histological examination to be cases of Crohn's disease, so that by 1959, Bruce could state that 'the lesion commonly known as hypertrophic ileo-caecal tuberculosis seems to have disappeared'.Although this statement expressed the general opinion in Britain, in countries where tuberculosis was still rampant, cases showing the typical pathological changes were still recorded.From India, Anand (1956) described 50 cases of ileo-caecal tuber- culosis and in more than half these cases Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the lesion or the regional lymph nodes.From Hong Kong, Stock and Li (1964) discussed the problem of ileo- caecal granulomata and included a case of ileo-caecal tuberculosis, but Stock (1964) noted that 'the very considerable number were decreasing over the years as tuberculosis became more and more under control'.There may be racial differences in the sites CASE REPORTS CASE 1 Mrs. C.B., aged 88 years, was admitted as an emergency with frequency of micturition and dysuria for one month.She gave a history that in the previous three months she had become giddy when attempting to stand so she took to her bed.She began to lose her appetite and rapidly lost weight.One month before admission she developed a constant lumbar ache and epigastric pain 337
Genetic and nongenetic determinants of regional fat distribution
Authors: C. Bouchard
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

THE ROLE of inherited and nongenetic factors in individual differences observed in the level of sc fat on the trunk and abdominal areas and in the abdominal visceral deposit is reviewed. First, the metabolic and clinical implications of variation in body fat topography are summarized. Second, the results of genetic epidemiology studies on the heritability and other evidence for a role of the genotype in the amount of truncal-abdominal sc fat and abdominal visceral fat are reviewed. Third, the impact of total body fat, age, and gender on regional fat distribution is highlighted. Fourth, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity is considered as a determinant of fat topography, with a discussion of site and gender differences, the effects of steroid hormones, and evidence from genetic epidemiology. Fifth, the contribution of adipose tissue lipolysis is reviewed with an emphasis on the various regulatory factors of the lipolytic pathways including catecholamines, insulin, adenosine, steroids, and other modulators. The role of lipolytic characteristics on fat topography is further assessed by considering changes with age, differences between men and women, effects of excess body fat, and data from heritability studies. Although the study of regional variation of in vitro adipose tissue metabolism has provided valuable information, a better understanding of variation in fat topography and of the role played by adipose tissue in the regulation of whole body carbohydrate and lipid metabolism will likely require extensive in situ and in vivo investigations. Sixth, as enlargement of a specific fat deposit is associated with increases in fat cell size and number, these topics are considered with an emphasis on the role of adipose cell differentiation. Seventh, the importance of blood levels of sex steroids and glucocorticoids for regional fat distribution is discussed. Then, a unifying hypothesis, defined as the hypothalamic arousal and neuroendocrine dysregulation model, is briefly described. Finally, the issue of whether body fat distribution can be altered by caloric restriction or regular exercise is addressed.
The Detection of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Reply
Authors: M. Michele Manos
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lörincz's letter highlights some of the key issues of ongoing HPV studies. How many HPV types have yet to be identified and characterized? Which of these are associated with disease? Are any HPVs ubiquitous? Our PCR method<sup>1</sup>allows the detection and distinction of numerous HPV types, including novel ones, permitting epidemiologic study of their prevalence and clinical significance. The identification of novel viral pathogens during the last decade has been a humbling but valuable lesson. Without conducting studies such as the one described in Bauer et al,<sup>2</sup>these questions may remain unanswered. Any procedure, such as PCR, with the ability to detect single molecules must address the issue of false positives. Based on our analysis of extensive negative control specimens (as described in detail),<sup>2</sup>we maintain our conclusion that most, if not all, of the PCR results reflect the presence of HPV in the
MINUTES OF THE JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCTAP A-139 Gp130-mediated STAT3 Activation by S-propargyl-cysteine, an Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Initiator, Prevents Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Jian Wu, Wei Guo, Zhi-Jun Wang, Yi-Zhun Zhu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor-β1 in fibrotic liver diseases
Authors: P Nagy
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Transforming growth factor-β1 was localized by means of immunohistochemical reaction in liver biopsy specimens taken from patients having different chronic liver diseases with extending fibrosis. Two polyclonal antibodies that were produced in rabbits were directed against the amino terminal of transforming growth factor-β1. Staining by anti-CC(1–30) was primarily extracellular and located in the portal and periportal fibrotic areas of all seven cases with chronic active hepatitis. No staining was noted in the four chronic persistent cases studied. A strong reaction was seen with the antibody in nine of the ten cirrhotic samples, whereas it was negative in one inactive cirrhosis case and in all five cases with normal liver histological findings. No positive staining could be detected by the anti-LC(1–30) in any of the liver tissues. Detection of transforming growth factor-β1 in active liver diseases at the site of fibrosis suggests that transforming growth factor-β1 might have a role in the process and progression of fibrosis during the development of the disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:269–273.)
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Jacqueline A. Noonan, Alexander S. Nadas, G. B. C. Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

TRANSPOSITION of the great arteries is one of the most serious of congenital heart defects. It is not a rare anomaly. The incidence is reported as 1 in 11,000 births by Keith et al.1 and as 7.4 per cent of autopsy cases of congenital heart disease by Abbott.2 The mortality is high, being reported by Keith and his co-workers3 as 85 per cent in the first six months of life. Much has been written about the clinical,1 , 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 anatomic,11 12 13 14 15 radiologic16 , 17 and angiocardiographic18 19 20 21 features. Comparatively little has appeared in the literature regarding the pathophysiology.1 , 22 23 24 25 26 Keith and his associates,3 Gasul and Marienfeld,5 Blalock . . .
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, March 1 to April 1, 1965
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, March 1 to April 1, 1965 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 34, Issue 5, May 1965, Page 695, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/34.5.695 Published: 01 May 1965
Intrinsic Efficacy of Penicillin Prophylaxis in Streptococcal Infection and Protection
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Society Proceedings.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nursing homes
Authors: P. Sloane
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE MERE mention of a nursing home is often enough to arouse feelings of terror, frustration, grief, or guilt among elderly patients and their families. Yet a strong reaction often belies an unfamiliarity with the subject and perhaps also a lack of appreciation for the role nursing homes serve in our health care system. Many connotations of the term "nursing home" are grounded in reality: Nursing homes do provide largely custodial care, reflecting the progressive nature of many chronic diseases and the utter inability of modern medicine to reverse most illnesses associated with aging; they have been plagued by profiteering and by difficulties in recruiting and keeping quality personnel; frequently, they are impersonal and regimented, especially when compared with the family home. However, there are many favorable aspects of nursing homes. For those elderly who cannot find it elsewhere, they provide a measure of security by guaranteeing that basic needs
Diphtheria and Defective Drainage
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1893)

Beta adrenoceptor subtypes in canine tracheal smooth muscle have been investigated by radioligand binding and by physiological responses to beta agonists and sympathetic nerve stimulation in vitro. Specific binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to tracheal smooth muscle membranes was of high affinity (Kd = 1.0 +/- 0.08 nM), as in peripheral lung membranes from the same animals, but the concentration of binding sites (95.6 +/- 4.7 fmol/mg of protein) was much lower than in lung (532 +/- 48 fmol/mg of protein). Binding was stereoselective and agonists competed with the rank order of potency isoproterenol greater than epinephrine greater than norepinephrine, signifying a preponderance of beta-2 receptors. Using selective beta antagonists, we determined the ratio of beta-1/beta-2 receptors in tracheal smooth muscle membranes to be 1:4. The relaxation response of tracheal smooth muscle strips to exogenous beta agonists was mediated by beta-2 receptors, with a very small contribution from beta-1 receptors. However, the relaxation response to electrical field stimulation of sympathetic nerves was mediated predominantly by beta-1 receptors. Our results suggest that most beta receptors in dog tracheal smooth muscle are of the beta-2 subtype and mediate responses to circulating catecholamines, but there is a small concentration of beta-1 receptors which mediate the response to neurally released norepinephrine.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1962)

ANY QUESTIONS?MEDICABLxOURNAL a competent person and examined within a reasonable time of collection, steps should be taken to determine the cause of the contamination and correct it.Even if the public health did not suffer the finished product might do so. Effects of Swhnmlng on OfitisQ.-In what otorhinolaryngological conditions should diving into a swimming-bath be prohibited?A.-The main effects of diving as opposed to swimming are those due to changes in pressure.The changes are
CONTAGIOUSNESS OF BOVINE AND Human TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Foreign Bodies Left in the Abdomen: The Surgical Problems, Cases, Treatment, Prevention: The Legal Problems, Cases, Decisions, Responsibilities
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consensus conference. Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1985, breast cancer will be diagnosed in approximately 120,000 women; in 90% of these women, the disease will apparently be limited to the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Despite advances in early diagnosis and primary treatment with surgery, radiation therapy, or both, more than a third of these patients will develop systemic disease and ultimately die. In the broadest sense, all of these patients are potential candidates for some form of systemic adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant therapy of breast cancer involves the use of cytotoxic drugs or endocrine therapy after definitive primary therapy. The rationale is to eradicate occult metastatic disease that otherwise would be fatal. The goal of adjuvant therapy is to significantly prolong survival, while maintaining an acceptable quality of life. Three measures are important in evaluating whether this goal is met by specific treatments: 1. The effect of therapy on overall survival: the length of time a woman survives following a diagnosis of breast cancer. 2. The effect of therapy on disease-free survival: the length of time a woman remains free of any recurrence of disease. Prolonged periods of disease-free survival may be advantageous in their own right, since quality of life is likely to be better before than after relapse. There is also some evidence that longer periods of disease-free survival may translate into better overall survival rates. 3. The effect of therapy on quality of life: in choosing an adjuvant therapy program, potential benefits must be balanced against both short-term and long-term side effects. Also important are the substantial psychological, social, and economic problems women may experience as a result of treatment. An increasing number of important prognostic variables have been identified that define the natural history of breast cancer. These include well-established factors such as histological status of axillary lymph nodes, primary tumor size, steroid hormone receptors, menopausal status or age, and histopathology. Assessment of cell differentiation and proliferation, which can be determined by newer techniques, may also be significant. The pathological status of the axillary lymph nodes remains the single most important prognostic variable, and four lymph node categories have been defined (negative, one to three positive nodes, four to nine positive nodes, and ten or more positive nodes). Since definitions of menopausal status vary widely among clinical trials, age (less than 50 vs greater than or equal to 50 years) can be substituted as a prognostic variable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)