tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Invasive pneumococcal disease in an Alaska native population, 1980 through 1986
Authors: M. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

From 1980 through 1986, one hundred fourteen Alaska Native patients from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta had community-acquired invasive pneumococcal disease confirmed by isolates of Streptococcus<i>pneumoniae</i>from normally sterile body sites. The annual bacteremia rates per 100 000 persons were 105 cases for all ages, 1195 cases for infants under 2 years of age, and 130 cases for adults over 59 years of age. These were six to 34 times higher than rates reported for other US populations. The most common underlying conditions in infants diagnosed before 24 months of age were previously diagnosed anemia and pneumonia, while alcoholism and anemia were most common in adults. The case-fatality rate for infants under 2 years of age was 3.2%, and the case-fatality rate for adults over 59 years of age was 30%. Serotyping of more than half the isolates identified 96% of these isolates to be present in the currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The pneumococcal disease rates reported herein are likely to be underestimates since most diseases that occur in this region are treated at the village level without laboratory confirmation. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:715-718)
CHARLATANISM AND CHEEK.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SCIENCE AND ART OF EATING.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exophthalmos
Authors: B. N. Catchpole
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Aims</h3> Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) may be precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer. The path towards malignancy is associated with mutations in tumour suppressor—and oncogenes that may serve as biomarkers during diagnostic investigation. A novel micro forceps has made it possible to obtain biopsies from the cyst wall for analysis by next generation sequencing (NGS), providing an opportunity for early detection and intervention. However, the impact of spatial tumour heterogeneity on the representability of the biopsies has not been determined. The primary aim is to characterise the impact of molecular heterogeneity of the luminal cyst wall on tissue sampling strategies with small biopsies. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed NGS and immunohistochemical phenotyping on 18 resected IPMNs with varying degrees of dysplasia and for a subset, concomitant carcinoma, using a commercially available NGS-panel of 51 oncogenes. We simulated endoscopic biopsies by performing punch biopsies (PBs) of the cyst wall from resected specimens. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 127 NGS analyses were performed. Concomitant <i>KRAS</i> and <i>GNAS</i> was a common feature of the IPMNs. Mutations in <i>KRAS</i> and <i>GNAS</i> were associated with low-grade dysplasia whereas alterations in <i>TP53, SMAD4</i>, <i>CDKN2A</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> were associated with high-grade dysplasia and/or carcinoma. The mutational analysis of the PBs from the cyst wall was compared with the whole lesion. No difference was detected between PBs and whole lesions when the cumulated mutational profile in increasing order of randomly performed PBs was compared. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Small IPMN biopsies from the cyst wall are adequate to yield a molecular diagnosis.
Intoxication
Authors: J. Y. Ranchere, B. Gordiani, J. F. Latour, C. Ardiet, M. Clavel, H. Germanos, D. Diana, P. Wulleman, N. P. Subbota, A. Froldi, A. Grugnetti, L. Guardia Nicola, F. Bono
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
A Genome-Wide Assay for MSI
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

A recent study from the University of Washington in Seattle indicates that microsatellite instability, classically associated with colorectal, stomach, and endometrial cancers, is a much more extensive phenotype than previously appreciated. The researchers developed MOSAIC, a method to assess microsatellite instability on a comprehensive, genome-wide scale, and identified tumors positive for this phenotype in 14 of 18 different cancers evaluated.
Zen Diets
Authors: Theodor Rosebury
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of the Council on Foods and Nutrition, "Zen Macrobiotic Diets" (<b>218</b>:397, 1971), is important but cries, I think, for more. It is hardly news that diet faddism is flourishing especially among young people, but also among an appallingly large number of older folk who seem to be relatively well informed in other areas. The gurus of such fads, which may seem less extreme or less obviously nutty than Zen, are widely esteemed and respected, possibly in proportion to the scarcity of bona fide experts in human nutrition. One result is a burgeoning of "Health Food" and "Organic Food" shops everywhere, and a few minutes spent examining the stock displayed in their windows and the eminently respectable-looking customers inside may be all anyone needs to demonstrate the breadth of the problem. This is doubtless an aspect of a larger problem of antiscience. It probably can
EORTC 1707 VESTIGE: Adjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resected gastric cancer following preoperative chemotherapy with high risk for recurrence (ypN+ and/or R1): An open-label randomized controlled phase II study.
Authors: Elizabeth Catherine Smyth, Maren Kristina Knoedler, Magnus Nilsson, Anna Dorothea Wagner, Markus H. Moehler, Nicole C.T. van Grieken, Anne Giraut, Murielle E. Mauer, Florian Lordick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

TPS467 Background: Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients with metastatic lymph nodes (ypN+) or a microscopically incomplete surgical resection (R1) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy are at high risk of disease recurrence. Current practice is to continue with the same perioperative chemotherapy used prior to surgery, despite these suboptimal outcomes. Immune checkpoint blockade with nivolumab and ipilimumab has demonstrated activity in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We hypothesise that high risk (ypN+ and/or R1) post resection gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients who are treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab will have better disease free survival than patients who continue with standard post-operative chemotherapy. Methods: VESTIGE is an ongoing, international, open label randomized phase II study designed to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus standard post-operative chemotherapy in high risk (ypN+ and/or R1) post resection gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Eligible patients (n=240) will be randomised 1:1 to receive post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy (identical regimen as pre-operatively) or nivolumab 3mg/kg IV q2w plus ipilimumab 1mg/kg IV q6w x 1 year. Key inclusion criteria include ypN+ and/or R1 status following neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery and an adequate pre-specified surgical resection. The primary endpoint of the study is disease free survival, with secondary endpoints of overall survival, safety, toxicity and quality of life. The trial will recruit 240 patients at 24 number of sites in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and United Kingdom. Recruitment commenced July 2019 and is anticipated to take 30 months. The VESTIGE translational research programme includes collection of pre-treatment biopsies, post-chemotherapy resection specimens and serial liquid biopsy on treatment to explore biomarkers predictive of immune checkpoint blockade efficacy. Clinical trial information: NCT03443856.
The computer-stored medical record. For whom?
Authors: R. A. Korpman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The medical record has grown in complexity to meet the many new demands for patient information. Computers have facilitated access to some information for some care providers, but automation has also highlighted the difficulty of designing an effective logic for a document with so many uses and users. In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, McDonald and Tierney<sup>1</sup>review how a computer-stored medical record (CSMR) can aid physician practice, provided certain problems can be overcome.
Solar flair.
Authors: John S Manuel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Design innovations and government-sponsored financial incentives are making solar energy increasingly attractive to homeowners and institutional customers such as school districts. In particular, the passive solar design concept of daylighting is gaining favor among educators due to evidence of improved performance by students working in daylit classrooms. Electricity-generating photovoltaic systems are also becoming more popular, especially in states such as California that have high electric rates and frequent power shortages. To help spread the word about solar power, the U.S. Department of Energy staged its first-ever Solar Decathlon in October 2002. This event featured solar-savvy homes designed by 14 college teams.
Diagnostic ERCP
Authors: T. Ponchon, F. Pilleul
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Interventional cardiologists have developed a system for grading the technical difficulty of coronary artery procedures. In comparison, ERCP outcomes are reported in terms of success and complication rates, and there is at present no objective scale for quantifying the technical difficulty of ERCP. Schulz et al. [1] developed this type of grading scale for technical difficulty in ERCP, and evaluated it retrospectively during 1997 then prospectively during 1998. The grading ranges from 1 (simple diagnostic ERCP) to 5 (very advanced ERCP). For example, common bile duct stenting or extraction of more than three common bile duct stones was classified as 4. Removal of one or two small stones was graded 2, and all forms of pancreatic therapy 5. If an ERCP was previously unsuccessful, a B modifier was added to the grade (e. g., a diagnostic cholangiogram after an unsuccessful attempt at another center was graded 1B). Procedures involving more than one intervention received the highest applicable grade. In 1997, Schulz et al. carried out 231 ERCPs [1]. The success rate was 94 % for grades 1 to 4B, and 74 % for grades 5 and 5B (P < 0.05). The morbidity rate was higher in grades 5 and 5B than in grades 1 to 4B (P < 0.05).
INSANITY IN CHINA.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Degree for Second Author in Byline
Authors: Richard Bach, Christopher Cannon, Michael Blazing
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Michel Le May, MD; George Wells, PhD; Derek So, MD; Aun Yeong Chong, MD; Alexander Dick, MD; Michael Froeschl, MD; Christopher Glover, MD; Benjamin Hibbert, MD; Jean-Francois Marquis, MD; Melissa Blondeau, BSc; Christina Osborne, BSc; Andrea MacDougall, MD; Malek Kass, MD; Vernon Paddock, MD; Ata Quraishi, MBBS; Marino Labinaz, MD
SCDT-11. ASTROCYTIC S1P3 SIGNALING MODULATES BLOOD-TUMOR BARRIER PERMEABILITY IN BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: Brunilde Gril, Anurag N Paranjape, Stephan Woditschka, Jeffrey Hanson, Xiaolin Wu, Renata Duchnowska, Priscilla K Brastianos, Cody Peer, William D Figg, Gary T Pauly, Joel P Schneider, Patricia S Steeg
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Breast cancer brain metastases are incurable. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a multicellular dynamic structure regulating exchanges between the blood and the central nervous system. As cancer cells colonize the brain, the BBB evolves into a blood-tumor barrier (BTB) and remains a potent barrier to compound penetration, contributing to poor efficacy of CNS chemotherapy. Identifying the molecular underpinnings of BBB/BTB permeability will lead to the development of efficacious treatments. Three mouse models of brain metastasis of breast cancer (BMBC) were developed: a triple negative (231-BR) and two HER2 overexpressing (SUM190-BR, JIMT-1-BR) subtypes. Paracellular permeability of the BTB was assessed using 3kDa Texas Red dextran (TRD). Combining fluorescent imaging techniques with laser capture microdissection, highly vs. poorly permeable metastatic lesions were dissected. Subsequently, gene expression profiling was performed on extracted RNA. Only 10% of the metastatic lesions harbored a TRD diffusion correlating with chemotherapy efficacy (i.e. highly permeable lesions). Several genes were differentially expressed between highly and poorly permeable metastases. S1PR3, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3, showed a 2.4-fold increase (P=0.02) in RNA expression in highly permeable lesions. We confirmed this result at a protein level using immunostaining: S1PR3 was overexpressed by neuroinflammatory astrocytes surrounding metastases in the highly permeable metastases in the three BMBC models (231-BR, P=0.034; JIMT-1-BR, P=0.010 and SUM190-BR, P=0.0162). S1P3+ astrocytes were detected in human craniotomies of brain metastases, validating the clinical relevance of our findings. To investigate the functional role of S1PR3 in BTB permeability, mice were treated with an S1P3 antagonist for four days at 10mg/kg twice a day. S1P3 antagonist significantly decreased the diffusion of TRD by 3-fold (P=0.0118). This study represents an important proof of concept for the modulation of BTB peremability through reactive astrocytes. These data may identify new strategies to selectively permeabilize the BTB and enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Liver disorders in childhood. 3rd ed. By A.P. Mowat, 491 pp. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1994. $125
Authors: S Dellert
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

methods used to study and treat inherited liver diseases.Such knowlege would help provide physicians and students with the fundamentals needed to understand the complicated literature and keep pace with the numerous advances that undoubtedly will occur in the next several years.Despite the limitations cited above, the beautiful slides in Inherited Liver Disease nonetheless will fit into comprehensive, up-to-date lectures on this topic.Physician-educators who use this slide set, however, must realize that it will not substitute for reading an everexpanding literature or for understanding the methods of modern molecular biology that underlie clinical aspects of inherited diseases.The breakthroughs in this field will be of the utmost importance in the practice of medicine, particularly in hepatology, in the near future.both microscopic and gross specimens.The superb quality and comprehensive spectrum of these photographs, amply represented in each chapter, set a very high standard for future publications of this type.The exceptional illustrations alone will be of special interest to busy general pathologists and to pathology residents seeking an organized knowledge base in the important area of hepatic pathology.Although the price may be somewhat above average, in my opinion this atlas is worth the expenditure.I recommend it enthusiastically.
Increasing Use of Contact Lenses Prompts Issuing of Infection-Prevention Guidelines
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Familial Hemorrhagic Diathesis Due to an Antithrombin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BUDAPEST
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gram-Negative Infections in Cancer
Authors: Jean Klastersky
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The combination of carbenicillin disodium and cephalothin sodium was compared in a double-blind study with that of carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin sulfate therapy in patients with disseminated cancer. These therapies were used empirically prior to recognition of the offending pathogen; however, only infections caused by Gram-negative bacilli were used for the evaluation of the two combinations. A favorable clinical response was observed in 32 (80%) of 40 patients who received carbenicillin and cephalothin and in 31 (76%) of those who received carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin therapy. The antibacterial activity of the sera of the patients was similar whether the double- or the triple-drug regimen was given. The administration of carbenicillin, cephalothin, and gentamicin was associated with a higher incidence of untoward effects, especially azotemia, than was that of carbenicillin and cephalothin.