tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Teaching medical ethics. Future challenges
Authors: H. Brody
Journal: JAMA (1974)

While the mechanics and the immediate goals of setting up programs for teaching medical ethics to medical students are reasonably well established, there are a number of important conceptual issues that have so far received insufficient attention in the literature. These include writing behavioral objectives and formal evaluations for an ethics program; deciding on the proper placement of ethics in the student's academic career; defining a health care team ethic to replace a strictly individual ethic; maintaining a critical tension between the individual and the bioethical dimensions; and preparing for ethical issues of the future. These issues are raised here not to provide answers, but rather to stimulate increased discussion and intellectual interchange in the medical-educational community. (<i>JAMA</i>229:177-179, 1974)
Editorial: Unexplained prolonged fever in children.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Unexplained Prolonged Fever in ChildrenPaediatricians and family doctors from time to time face one ofthe most challenging clinical problems-pyrexia ofunknown origin, or P.U.O.Most such fevers are short-lasting and are probably due to viral infections; but when the fever persists diagnosis is more difficult and more important.Fourteen years ago Petersdorf and Beeson' suggested that P.U.O.should be defined as fever of at least three weeks, exceeding 38 3°C on several occasions, and defying diagnosis after a week of intensive hospital investigation.They claimed that most cases proved to be atypical manifestations of common diseases rather than exotic conditions.In their study of 100 cases in Boston 36% were due to infections, 19°/o were neoplasms, and 20% were collagen-vascular diseases.The figures in another
Preventing hypothermia-related death
Authors: D. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I disagree with a CDC Editorial Note in the<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)</i><sup>1</sup>that states, "Hypothermia-related morbidity and mortality can be prevented by early recognition and prompt medical care," followed by a list of some signs of hypothermia that practitioners should recognize. In the 3 patients excerpted from the<i>MMWR CDC Surveillance Summaries</i>(a polysubstance abuser, an alcoholic, and an individual with dementia who wandered), practitioners learned in the signs of hypothermia could not have saved their lives. Nobody was near these patients to recognize early symptoms and signs of hypothermia as they were beginning to die. In these patient populations, prevention of hypothermia-related mortality requires that human services are in place to keep persons at risk out of the cold. This correspondence is in no way intended to accuse human services efforts in Vermont—rather, it's just a reminder that we stay focused on
Efforts to raise supply of two prophylactic agents
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

WORLD EVENTS and a jump in immunizations have led to shortages of two prophylactic agents—pneumococcal vaccine and intramuscularly administered immunoglobulin (Gammar, Armour Pharmaceutical, Collegeville, Pa). Shortages of both began to show up last summer. That of immunogobulin is likely to remain acute until the vaccine against hepatitis A is licensed. That of pneumococcal vaccine may be alleviated shortly, thanks to increased munufacture, but the lack has slowed efforts by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to push immunization. The shortage is largely due to physicians' increased use of this vaccine. Sales rose from 1.5 million doses in 1990 to 3.5 million in 1993, with another 70% increase in orders for 1994, Steve Hadler, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), told the National Vaccine Program's advisory committee. Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, and Merck &amp; Company, West Point, Pa, are the only licensed manufacturers of pneumococcal vaccine. Production problems in
N-Cadherin Loss in POMC-Expressing Cells Leads to Pituitary Disorganization
Authors: Ashley D. Himes, Rachel Fiddler, Lori T. Raetzman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2011)

Pituitary tumors are the third most common intracranial tumor in humans and can cause altered hormone secretions leading to hypercortisolism, acromegaly, and infertility. Reduced expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin has been linked with the formation of pituitary tumors, but its role in normal pituitary gland physiology or tumor initiation is unknown. In the murine pituitary, N-cadherin expression is detected in virtually all cells of the posterior, intermediate, and anterior lobes. N-cadherin may function to initiate important cues such as controlling proliferation, directing cell placement, and promoting formation of cell networks that coordinately release hormones into the bloodstream. To address this, we generated mice lacking N-cadherin in proopiomelanocortin-expressing melanotrope and corticotrope cells of the intermediate and anterior lobes of the pituitary. We observed that intermediate lobe cells can aberrantly displace Sry-type high-mobility-group box transcription factor 2-containing progenitor cells in the N-cadherin cadherin knockout mice at postnatal d 1. By postnatal d 30, although a reduction in α- and β-catenin membrane staining occurs, there is little effect on intermediate lobe architecture with N-cadherin loss. Also, despite these changes in adherens junction molecules, no alterations in cell proliferation occur. In contrast, loss of N-cadherin in the corticotropes leads to aberrant cell clustering and a reduction in Pomc mRNA. Taken together, our data reveal important roles of N-cadherin in pituitary cell placement and that loss of N-cadherin alone does not lead to pituitary tumor formation.
Use of synchrotron radiation microangiography to assess endothelium-dependent relaxation of microvessels in a rat model of hindlimb ischemia
Authors: S. Takeshita, T. Isshiki, Y. Miyazawa, K. Eto, M. Ochiai, E. Tanaka, H. Mori, T. Sato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
On Ringworm and Vegetable Parasites
Authors: T. Hillier
Journal: BMJ (1861)

fungus." (Diagnost.und pathlogenetische Untersuchungen, Blerlin, 1845, pp.200-2.)Dr. Lowe thinks that the favus in Remak's experiiments originated the penicillin ; fan(d that it, as well as aspergillus, is capable of originating the disease.
More heterosexual spread of HTLV-III virus seen
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Welcoming participants to the recent International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Atlanta, Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Margaret M. Heckler said: "For individuals in every country who fall within the risk categories, AIDS is an enormously serious disease. We must conquer it for their sake. We must conquer it as well before it affects the heterosexual population and threatens the health of our general population." Unfortunately, and perhaps despite all good intentions, not only was the secretary's phraseology offensive to many—but her timing also may have been off. Several speakers at the conference presented evidence that heterosexual transmission of AIDS is something to reckon with right now. While it has been accepted for some time that female sexual partners of men who are in the high-risk groups for AIDS—bisexuals, intravenous (IV) drug abusers, and persons with hemophilia—are at increased risk of contracting the disease, the epidemiologically
New York City's Health Care Crisis: AIDS, the Poor, and Limited Resources-Reply
Authors: Aran Ron
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We agree with Dr Oryshkevich's assessment of the enormous strain that HIV has imposed on New York City's overburdened health care system. Human immunodeficiency virus has highlighted many of the weaknesses and faults in our medical and social support systems. Until recently, political forces at play in the AIDS epidemic have conspired to minimize its importance to the larger society, to restrict its funding, to penalize its victims, and to block knowledge-based educational approaches to its control. An appropriate response requires public understanding and political commitment. Signs of change are now appearing—the Presidential commission's report, increased funding, confidentiality bills, and greater attention focused on drug abuse. That there are many things in our health care system that are done poorly or far from ideal is beyond argument. We hope that the HIV epidemic will be used to develop public agreement on how to correct, forcefully and directly,
THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY FROM THE FREEZING—POINT OF THE BLOOD.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polyphenols As Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Chung S. Yang, Mao-Jung Lee, Laishun Chen, Guang-Yu Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Many polyphenolic compounds have demonstrated anticarcinogenic activities in animal models.These compounds include flavanone, flavonols, isoflavone, and catechins.In this article, tea catechins will be used as an example to illustrate current research in this area.Many laboratory studies have demonstrated the inhibition of tumorigenesis in animal models by different tea preparations.The animal models include tumorigenesis in the mouse lung, rat and mouse esophagi, mouse forestomach, mouse skin, mouse duodenum, rat small intestine, rat and mouse livers, and rat colon.In most of the studies, the inhibitory activity of tea could be demonstrated when tea preparations were given either during or after the carcinogen treatment period.Black tea was also effective, although the activity was weaker than green tea in some experiments.Decaffeinated tea preparations were also active in many model systems.The molecular mechanisms for these broad inhibitory actions are not fully understood.They are most likely related to the biochemical actions of the tea polyphenols, which include antioxidative activities and inhibition of cell proliferation and of tumor promotion-related activities.The effect of tea consumption on human cancers is not clear in spite of numerous investigations.The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tea polyphenols are being studied in animals and humans to provide a basis for more quantitative analyses on the effect of tea on carcinogenesis.More mechanistic and dose-response studies will help us to understand the effects of tea consumption on human carcinogenesis.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: M. J. KENNEDY
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

BOOK REVIEWS Regulatory Mechanisms in Breast Cancer: Advances in Cellular and Moleculer Biology of Breast Cancer Marc E. Lippman , Robert B. Dickson ,eds. Dordrecht,The Netherlands : Kluwer Acar . Publ., 1990 . 452 pp.,illus.$145 M. JOHN KENNEDY M. JOHN KENNEDY The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 7, April 1992, Pages 531–532, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.7.531-a Published: 01 April 1992
Getting hooked
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Earlier this month at the International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare in Amsterdam (http://internationalforum.bmj.com)I was struck by a PowerPoint slide on carbon consumption by the UK National Health Service shown by David Pencheon, director of the NHS's sustainable development unit.The slide showed that, of the 60% of total CO 2 emissions accounted for by procurement, the largest contribution (a third) was from drugs.
Pacemaker-induced pectoral stimulation
Authors: T. P. Horrigan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his editorial on the negative results of exercise rehabilitation, Samuel Vaisrub, MD (240: 1385, 1978), cites the randomized prospective study by Wilhelmsen et al<sup>1</sup>in which 158 exercising patients were compared with 157 sedentary controls. There were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality after four years of training. However, this study should be considered a failure of intervention not exercise, since there may not have been a significant difference in the amount of exercise in the two groups. The exercising group was defined by the randomization, not by attendance or trainability. Of the 158 subjects, only 112 started the exercise program. Dropout rates were high. After one year, only 67 were actually exercising. This number decreased to 56 at two years and 33 at four years. The mortality for the exercising group was based on the total number of 158. The 157 controls were also
Effect of Mineralocorticoids on the Sodium Potassium Ratio of Human Ileostomy Fluid
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4586: Use of triple combination array analysis to identify STEAP family member 4 (<i>STEAP4</i>), a novel tumor related gene in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shuji Nomoto, MItsuhiro Hishida, Masamichi Hayashi, Kuniyoshi Inokawa, Yasuhiro Kodera
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers world-wide, but the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis are not clear. Array technology has made it possible to identify novel genes with alterations in liver cancer. In this study, we performed triple combination array analysis, expression profiling, karyotyping analysis using SNP array, and array-based DNA methylation profiling in the same HCC sample and attempted to find a novel tumor related gene as a prognostic marker. Materials &amp; Methods: A 68-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C was diagnosed with HCC. The excised tumor and corresponding normal tissues were used for extraction of DNA and RNA. SNP array experiments were performed using the DNA. mRNA expression profiles were determined using the total RNA by Affimetrix HGU133A and B Gene-Chips. Bisulphite-converted genomic DNA was analyzed using Illumina's Infinium Human Methylation27 Beadchip Kit. We consequently analyzed the identified gene using quantitative RT-PCR, methylation and un-methylation-specific PCR in nine HCC cell lines and in 48 primary HCC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues collected at Nagoya University Hospital, and then compared these results with clinico-pathological data. Results: STEAP4 gene, is located on 7q21.12, and expression was decreased at a Log2 ratio of –4.2 to –2.0 in cancerous tissue. There were two copies of 7q21.12, indicating no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the SNP array. The methylation value (0-1.0) in the tumor sample was 0.870 compared to 0.160 in non-cancerous tissue, indicating high methylation in tumor tissue in the Methylation array. Re-activation of STEAP4 expression was seen after 5-aza-dC treatment in HCC cell lines. Moreover, we found that 32 of 48 (67%) HCC samples showed promoter hypermethylation. In 32 methylated cases, the expression values of STEAP4 gene in tumor tissues by real-time RT-PCR were significantly decreased compared to corresponding normal samples (p&amp;lt;0.0001). In addition, methylated cases were significantly correlated with worse recurrence free survival (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and overall survival (p=0.0093). Conclusion: The Promoter hypermethylation of STEAP4 gene was a marker of worse prognosis in HCC. The triple combination array was a useful technique to identify the novel tumor related gene in HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4586. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4586
TUBERCULOSIS AND CATTLE.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integrated care for diabetes: clinical, psychosocial, and economic evaluation
Authors: for the Diabetes Integrated Care Evaluation Team
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> : To evaluate integrated care for diabetes in clinical, psychosocial, and economic terms. <b>Design</b> : Pragmatic randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> : Hospital diabetic clinic and three general practice groups in Grampian. <b>Patients</b> : 274 adult diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic and registered with one of three general practices. Intervention - Random allocation to conventional hospital clinic care or integrated care. Integrated care patients seen in general practice every three or four months and in the hospital clinic annually. General practitioners were given written guidelines for integrated care. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Metabolic control, psychosocial status,knowledge of diabetes, beliefs about control of diabetes, satisfaction with treatment, disruption of normal activities, numbers of consultations and admissions, frequency of metabolic monitoring, costs to patients and NHS. Results - A higher proportion of patients defaulted from conventional care (14 (10%)) than from integrated care (4 (3%), 95% confidence interval of difference 2% to 13%). After two years no significant differences were found between the groups in metabolic control, psychosocial status, knowledge, beliefs about control, satisfaction with treatment, unscheduled admissions, or disruption of normal activities. Integrated care was as effective for insulin dependent as non-insulin dependent patients. Patients in integrated care had more visits and higher frequencies of examination. Costs to patients were lower in integrated care (mean pounds sterling 1.70) than in conventional care (pounds sterling 8). 88% of patients who experienced integrated care wished to continue with it. <b>Conclusions</b> : This model of integrated care for diabetes was at least as effective as conventional hospital clinic care.
Familial Reduction in Red-Cell Cholinesterase
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renal Hypertension
Authors: J. U. Schlegel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Hypertension produced by experimental renal artery constriction in dogs can be corrected by decreasing renal mass by partial nephrectomy. Application of a restricting, but not constricting, clamp to a renal artery of a dog results in hypertension only after contralateral nephrectomy. It is suggested that renal hypertension can be a result of relative, as well as of absolute, renal ischemia. Compensatory hypertrophy, whether focal or total, increases demand for blood which cannot be met in the face of severe arterial or arteriolar sclerosis. It is further suggested that cure of even long-standing hypertension which results from renal transplantation without removal of the diseased kidney results from removal of the stimulus for compensatory hypertrophy. It is concluded that renal compensatory hypertrophy, whether focal or total, can, under the proper circumstances, be the initiating factor leading to hypertension.