tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ORIGIN OF COLOSTRUM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consultants' Superannuation
Authors: D. Needham
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Effects of Antibiotics on Oestrogen Metabolism SIR,-Ampicillin,1 phenoxymethylpenicillin,2 and neomycin3 have been shown to decrease urinary oestriol output in normal human pregnancy.We have explored this matter further by employing a new gas chromatographic method4 which enables the four known urinary oestriol conjugates to be measured separately.Six healthy mothers 33-37 weeks pregnant were given 0 5 g of ampicillin orally four tines daily on three successive days.The mean urinary oestriol output decreased to an average of 69% of the pretreatment level on the second, third, and fourth days after starting the ampicillin treatment.The results indicate that the diminished excretion of one conjugate, oestriol-3-glucuronide, accounted for approximately 90% of this decrease.Oestriol-3-glucuronide is formed in the in- testinal mucosal cells5 6 and its formation is dependent on the reabsorption of biliary oestriol in the intestinal tract.Thus ampicillin interferes with the enterohepatic circula- tion of oestrogens, impairing the synthesis of oestriol-3-glucuronide.The antibiotic probably exerts its effect by changing the composition of the intestinal microflora.It is of interest that another antibiotic, rifampicin, causes contraceptive failures when given to women taking oral contraceptives (Breuer, personal communication).Thus administra- tion of antibiotics may cause unexpected complications through their effect on oestro- gen metabolismn.-Weare, etc.,
The balance between research and teaching in medical education
Authors: L. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1968)

I shall begin by assuming a general agreement that the research and teaching functions of the modern medical school are out of balance with each other, and their imbalance is made even shakier by the increasing interposition, somewhere between them, of the expanding function of clinical service. It is with the problem of how to arrange these three harmoniously, so that each supports and balances the others, that Drs. Egeberg, Chapman, and I are concerned. We can all agree that the primary function of the medical school is the education of physicians. We can also agree, I believe, that in a profession in which the fundamental concepts are being changed so rapidly and completely by the advances in biomedical science, research must inevitably play an important role in the process of education. When we speak of research in the medical school, we had better be clear about what we mean,
Fernand Widal (1862-1929)
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>The Suppression of Quackery</h3> In Germany, every one is at liberty to practice medicine. The only restriction is that no one may call himself<i>Arzt</i>, or physician, who has not been accorded that right by the government on the basis of his studies and examinations. Liberty of practice was granted in 1869 at the request of the physicians themselves. Up to that year, Germany prohibited other than authorized physicians from practicing medicine. The reasons for the repeal of the existing law were that legislation against quackery availed nothing, and that the German people, by reason of its education, could be trusted to engage qualified physicians and not quacks. That such confidence was misplaced is shown by the fact that the number of persons making a regular living from quackery has continued to increase. In Prussia, to be sure, irregular practitioners are required to register with the health commissioner, but all
Recessive inheritance of a congenital malformation syndrome: unilateral absence deformity of leg and congenital cataracts
Authors: V. A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A follow-up study was done on an Amish kindred with multiple cases of hydrometrocolpos thought to be inherited as an autosomal recessive. Two cases of a syndrome consisting of absence deformity of one leg, congenital cataract, and progressive scoliosis were found in the same Amish group. This malformation syndrome probably represents a distinct entity, also inherited as an autosomal recessive.
Inhibitory effect of gastrin and cholecystokinin fragments on the secretion of triacylglycerol in rat hepatocytes
Authors: M Lindholm
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In this investigation we studied the influence of two gastrin fragments, pentagastrin and nonsulfated heptadecagastrin, and two cholecystokinin fragments, sulfated and desulfated cholecystokinin 26–33, on intracellular and secreted triacylglycerol in isolated hepatocyte cultures. Both gastrin fragments inhibited triacylglycerol release in a biphasic manner, exhibiting maximal effect at 0.1 nmol/L (nonsulfated heptadecagastrin) and 0.3 nmol/L (pentagastrin). At these concentrations triacylglycerol secretion was 42% (non-sulfated heptadecagastrin, p < 0.001) and 62% (pentagastrin, p < 0.001) lower than in cells untreated with gastrin. Sulfated cholecystokinin 26–33 caused a 35% decrease in triacylglycerol secretion at 0.1 nmol/L (p < 0.01), and desulfated cholecystokinin 26–33 caused a 53% decrease at 0.2 nmol/L (p < 0.001). In all experiments, the hormone-induced decrease in triacylglycerol secretion was accompanied by an increase in intracellular triacylglycerol content. The cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonist L-364, 718 did not affect the decrease in triacylglycerol secretion induced by 0.3 nmol/L pentagastrin, whereas the cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist L-365, 260 inhibited the pentagastrin effect at concentrations above 50 nmol/L. These results suggest that gastrin, cholecystokinin or some other gastrinlike hormone (or all three) may play a previously unrecognized regulatory role with respect to hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1232-1237).
Abstract 1873: Initial Experience with Real-Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure
Authors: Jonathan J Passeri, Ignacio Inglessis, Igor F Palacios, Michael H Picard
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) is performed with intracardiac or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. ASDs often have an elliptical shape and 2D imaging may underestimate the maximum diameter. Three-dimensional (3D) TEE using reconstructed gated acquisitions in multiple planes is a time-consuming process limited by motion artifact, making it impractical for intra-procedural use. Recently, a matrix array TEE capable of real-time 3D (RT3D) imaging has been developed (Philips Medical Systems). Methods: Two-dimensional, Doppler and RT3D TEE images were acquired in 5 patients undergoing ASD closure. Device selection was based on the maximum diameter of the ASD measured by 2D imaging. RT3D images were analyzed using commercially available software (QLab, Philips). The maximum diameter was measured and compared to 2D. Results: The mean maximum diameter was 1.6 ± 0.8 cm using 2D imaging and 2.0 ± 1.1 cm using RT3D images (p=0.16). In the 3 patients with ASDs &gt;2 cm, the maximum diameter was 2.2 ± 0.1 cm by 2D imaging compared to 2.8 ± 0.3 cm by RT3D imaging (p=0.02), an underestimate of 20.7 ± 12.2 %. In the remaining 2 patients with ASDs &lt;1.2 cm, there was good agreement between 2D and 3D measurements. In the 2 patients with the largest discrepancy between 2D and 3D measurements, the initial device selected was retrieved prior to catheter release, due to significant residual shunting or instability along the septum, requiring placement of a larger device. Conclusion: RT3D TEE during transcatheter ASD closure is feasible and may improve defect sizing and device selection during transcatheter ASD closure.
How often is medication taken as prescribed? A novel assessment technique
Authors: J. A. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The evaluation of the efficacy of medication is confounded when patients do not adhere to prescribed regimens. Overdosing, underdosing, and erratic dosing intervals can diminish drug action or cause adverse effects. Using a new method with epilepsy as a model, we assessed compliance with long-term medications among newly treated and long-term patients. Medication Event Monitor Systems (Aprex Corporation, Fremont, Calif) are standard pill bottles with microprocessors in the cap to record every bottle opening as a presumptive dose. Compliance rates averaged 76% during 3428 days observed: 87% of the once daily, 81% of the twice daily, 77% of the three times a day, and 39% of the four times a day dosages were taken as prescribed. Coefficients of variation of drug serum concentrations had no significant relationship to compliance rates. Pill counts overestimated compliance increasingly as compliance with the prescribed regimen declined. Neither drug serum concentrations nor pill counts would have identified the frequency of missed doses that were revealed with continuous dose observations. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:3273-3277)
Abstract 1089: Characterization of the immune response to lymph mode metastases
Authors: Dennis Jones, Timothy Padera
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Metastasis remains the principal cause of cancer mortality. Lymph nodes are the most common site of solid tumor metastases and lymph node status is the most significant prognostic indicator for patient outcome in human solid cancer. Although antitumor T cells are generated in lymph nodes, metastatic cancer cells are able to grow in this seemingly hostile microenvironment. Further, we recently found that lymph nodes are a portal for metastatic progression to distant organs. The challenge is how to treat cancer cells that have spread to lymph nodes or distant organs in order to prevent their growth and ideally eradicate them from the body. Most cancer therapies are developed against the primary tumor growing in its native microenvironment. Our previous work has shown that classical sprouting angiogenesis (as observed in the primary tumor) does not occur in metastatic lymph nodes and is therefore not necessary for metastatic outgrowth. Here, our preliminary data show that cancer cells remodel the blood endothelium in metastatic lymph nodes. Although many blood vessels lack smooth muscle cell coverage, intravenous lectin perfusion reveals a functional blood vasculature within metastatic lymph nodes. However, we measured decreased expression of adhesion molecules on the vasculature in metastatic lymph nodes. Adoptive transfer of lymphocytes revealed impaired lymphocyte migration into mice harboring metastatic lymph nodes compared to naïve lymph nodes. Together, these findings suggest that decreased vascular adhesion molecule expression results in lymphocyte exclusion and impaired host immunosurveillance, leading to the progression of lymph node metastases. Our ongoing work seeks to inform therapeutic strategies that will enhance functional antitumor T cell infiltration into metastatic tumors and prevent their spread to distant organs. Citation Format: Dennis Jones, Timothy Padera. Characterization of the immune response to lymph mode metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1089.
Domiciliary consultations
Authors: D. Jolley
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Domiciliary consultationsAs the domiciliary consultation service is specifically for patients who are unfit to attend hospital it is hardly surprising that Drs John Fry and Gerald Sandler found the highest rates of consultation in geriatric medicine (30 July, p 337).Some geriatric units have, however, abandoned domiciliary visits altogether, regarding them as a barrier to ad-
AMERICAN LITERATURE ABROAD.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Herbert Lubowitz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Advances in the conservative management of patients with chronic renal insufficiency have reaffirmed the need for the accurate measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The two most readily available indices of GFR are the urea clearance and the creatinine clearance; yet neither accurately reflects GFR in advanced renal disease. Theoretical considerations suggest that<i>when GFR is less than 20ml/min</i>the combined use of urea clearance and creatinine clearance should accurately measure GFR. This thesis was tested in patients with advanced renal insufficiency. In all instances, the mean value for the urea plus creatinine clearance closely approximated the simultaneously determined inulin clearance. Since analyses for both urea and creatinine may be performed on the same samples of blood and urine, the present technique offers an accurate clinical means of measuring GFR in advanced chronic renal disease.
Preliminary Results of CNTO 328, an Anti-Interleukin (IL)-6 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb), in Combination with Bortezomib in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Robert F. Manges, Heather J. Sutherland, Sundar Jagannath, Robert Z. Orlowski, David La Police, Mark DeWitte, Zhihui Lang, Robert E. Corringham, Jean Francois Rossi
Journal: Blood (2007)
In This Issue/Research Watch/News-in-Brief/News from the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2016)

The study investigated the correlation between response rate, median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) from a systematic review of 10 reported prospective trials with 12 arms using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody.The authors also retrospectively analyzed 71 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with antiePD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (2013-2015) to compare OS with tumor response (computed tomography scans at 5-9 weeks) and progression-free status at 8, 16, and 24 weeks.The systematic review demonstrated moderate correlations, though not statistically significant, between median OS and median PFS (p ¼ 0.120, r ¼ 0.473) and median OS and response rate (p ¼ 0.141, r ¼ 0.452).Retrospective analysis demonstrated that disease control (partial response/stable disease vs. progressive disease/not evaluable; p ¼ 0.0104, HR ¼ 3.041) and progression-free status at 8, 16, and 24 weeks (p ¼ 0.0183, HR ¼ 2.684; p ¼ 0.0036, HR ¼ 4.009; p ¼ 0.0002, HR ¼ 12.726, respectively) were significant predictors for OS.Taken together, partial response plus stable disease and landmark progression-free survival were associated with survival, with the longer interval landmark PFS being the best predictor of survival for NSCLC patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.(p.1927)
Methoxyflurane nephropathy.
Authors: R I Mazze
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Investigations of methoxyflurane-induced nephrotoxicity in man have been extensively aided by the use of an animal model. To be of value the animal model must share similar metabolic pathways with man and have the same clinical manifestations of the diseases process. The Fischer 344 rat appears to meet these criteria. The predominant factors in the production of methoxyflurane nephrotoxicity appear to be high methoxyflurane dosage and serum inorganic fluoride concentration. It is likely that secondary factors include: (1) a high rate of methoxyflurane metabolism and sepsitivity of the kidney to inorganic fluoride toxicity: (2) concurrent treatment with other nephrotoxic drugs; (3) preexisting renal disease; (4) surgery of the urogenital tract, aorta, or renal vasculative; (5) repeat administration of methoxyflurane due to accumulation of inorganic fluoride and, perhaps, methoxyflurane induction of its own metabolism: and (6) concurrent treatment with enzyme-inducing drugs such as phenobarbital.
儿童和青少年对穿着丝绸服装治疗湿疹的观点:缓解湿疹症状的服装随机对照试验范畴内的巢式定性研究
Authors: E.V. Wake, J. Batchelor, S. Lawton, K.S. Thomas, E.F. Harrison,, F.C. Cowdell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

该研究报告了一项在英国开展的试验,旨在探索专门的丝绸服装能否改善儿童湿疹。湿疹是一种常见的皮肤问题。儿童湿疹发病率约为五分之一,湿疹可能导致疼痛和皮肤瘙痒、睡眠质量差以及生活水平下降。在这项工作中,研究人员希望了解在研究中穿着专门服装的儿童对于此类服装的想法。研究人员邀请了 18 名 5‐15 岁的儿童参加,他们以小组的形式见面,通过故事和游戏帮助这些孩子向研究人员讲述自己对服装的想法。所有的儿童和青少年对此类服装帮助改善自己的皮肤状况寄予很高的期望。他们希望此类服装摸起来柔软丝滑,如果情况并非这样,孩子们就非常沮丧。孩子们反映,他们大多在晚上穿着,因为不好意思在白天穿。有些孩子表示,此类服装太透。在穿旧和洗过后,此类服装往往变灰并开始出现破损。少数儿童表示,此类服装让皮肤感觉更舒适并有助于改善睡眠。但令他们失望的是,他们原本期待的治愈奇迹并没有发生。让儿童参与此类研究兼具必要性和可行性,这样能了解儿童对于可能的湿疹治疗方案的想法。
Health Effects of Acid Aerosols on North American Children: Pulmonary Function
Authors: Mark Raizenne, Lucas M. Neas, Andrew I. Damokosh, Douglas W. Dockery, John D. Spengler, Petros Koutrakis, James H. Ware, Frank E. Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We examined the health effects of exposure to acidic air pollution among children living in 24 communities in the United States and Canada. Parents of children between the ages of 8 and 12 completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided consent for their child to perform a standardized forced expiratory maneuver at school in 22 of these communities. Air quality and meteorology were measured in each community for the year preceding the pulmonary function tests. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) measurements of 10,251 white children were examined in a two-stage regression analysis that adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, and sex-height interaction. In this study, a 52 nmol/m3 difference in annual mean particle strong acidity was associated with a 3.5% (95% CI, 2.0-4.9) decrement in adjusted FVC and a 3.1% (95% CI, 1.6-4.6) decrement in adjusted FEV1.0. The FVC decrement was larger, although not significantly different, for children who were lifelong residents of their communities (4.1%, 95% CI, 2.5-5.8). The relative odds for low lung function (that is, measured FVC less than or equal to 85% of predicted), was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.6) across the range of particle strong acidity exposures. These data suggest that long-term exposure to ambient particle strong acidity may have a deleterious effect on lung growth, development, and function.
Effects of recombinant interferon alpha(rIFN?) in the treatment of HBV-related nephrotic syndrome Y-H Chung, JW Kim, DR Chung, IH Song, MS Koh, YS Lee, DJ Suh. Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The α-subunit of an abundant chick gizzard integrin was isolated (T. Kelly, L. Molony, and K. Burridge, 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17,189–17,199) and fragmented by proteolytic digestion. The N-terminal sequences of the intact polypeptide and of several internal peptides were determined and were found to be highly homologous to the mammalian integrin α1-subunit. Monoclonal antibodies to the chick integrin β1-chain react on immunoblots with the gizzard integrin β-subunit (U. Hofer, J. Syfrig, and R. Chiquet-Ehrismann, 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14,561–14,565). The chain composition of the abundant chick gizzard integrin is therefore α1β1. Polyclonal antibodies to the avian integrin α1-subunit block attachment of embryonic gizzard cells to human and chick collagen IV completely and inhibit attachment to mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor laminin partially. In ELISA-style receptor assays, the isolated α1β1 integrin bound to human and chick collagen IV and to mouse EHS tumor and chick heart laminin. While the binding to collagen IV was abolished by removal of divalent cations, the binding to laminin was not sensitive to EDTA under the conditions used. Collagen I bound the isolated avian α1β1 integrin only weakly. As collagen IV was the only extracellular matrix protein for which a consistent, divalent cation-dependent, binding to the avian α1β1 integrin could be demonstrated in both cellular and molecular assays we suggest that it is a preferred ligand for this integrin.