tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AMA's role in recognizing new health occupations
Authors: J. J. Fauser
Journal: JAMA (1980)

For more than a decade, voices from multiple sectors have decried the proliferation and fragmentation of allied health occupations. The American Medical Association has opposed the multiplication of new categories of allied health personnel when the need for them has not been demonstrated. At the same time, however, the AMA has contended that some new types of health care personnel are indeed necessary and desirable. Each new occupation that emerges cannot be dismissed summarily under the rubric of proliferation or fragmentation, for not all proliferation is unnecessary, nor is all fragmentation divisive. Some new occupations arise in response to needs generated by new technologies, new delivery modes, or newly developed bodies of knowledge. The AMA attempted to rationalize its process of recognizing emerging health occupations in 1970 when it adopted<i>Guidelines for the Development of New Health Occupations</i>, which contain criteria for recognizing new health occupations. Such recognition is for
Bilateral aseptic necrosis of femur following a 16-day course of corticotropin
Authors: A. E. Good
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CIRCUMSTANTIAL evidence relates systemic corticosteroid therapy to aseptic necrosis of bone. Daily doses as low as 5 mg of prednisone have been cited.<sup>1</sup>The shortest period of therapy incriminated to date is 30 days (methylprednisolone, 16 mg/day).<sup>2</sup>Corticotropin has been implicated following treatment courses as brief as 42 days (10 to 20 mg/day of corticotropin).<sup>3</sup>The average interval from onset of steroid therapy to appearance of hip pain is 33 months.<sup>2</sup> This report concerns aseptic necrosis of both femoral heads appearing in a young man nine months after a 16-day course of corticotropin therapy. His primary problem is multiple sclerosis, a disease not known to be associated with aseptic necrosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old, moderately obese vocational student received a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in 1970. One of his manifestations was right retrobulbar neuritis with visual acuity of 15/200. Beginning May 28, 1970, he
Acute Side Effects and Complications After Short-Term Preoperative Radiotherapy Combined With Total Mesorectal Excision in Primary Rectal Cancer: Report of a Multicenter Randomized Trial
Authors: C. A.M. Marijnen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery in the treatment of rectal cancer has been shown to result in a reduction in the number of local recurrences in retrospective studies. Reports on improved local control after preoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) have led to the introduction of a prospective randomized multicenter trial, in which the effect of TME surgery with or without preoperative RT were evaluated. Any benefit in regard to a reduced local recurrence rate and possible improved survival must be weighed against potential adverse effects in both the short-term and the long-term. The present study was undertaken to assess the acute side effects of short-term, preoperative RT in rectal cancer patients and to study the influence of five doses of 5 Gy on surgical parameters, postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients randomized in the Dutch TME trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 1,530 Dutch patients entered onto a prospective randomized trial, comparing preoperative RT with five doses of 5 Gy followed by TME surgery with TME surgery alone, of which 1,414 patients were assessable. Toxicity from RT, surgery characteristics, and postoperative complications and mortality were compared. RESULTS: Toxicity during RT hardly occurred. Irradiated patients had 100 mL more blood loss during the operation (P < .001) and showed more perineal complications (P = .008) in cases of abdominoperineal resection. The total number of complications was slightly increased in the irradiated group (P = .008). No difference was observed in postoperative mortality (4.0% v 3.3%) or in the number of reinterventions. CONCLUSION: Preoperative hypofractionated RT is a safe procedure in patients treated with TME surgery, despite a slight increase in complications when compared with TME surgery only.
REDUCING MEDICAL FACILITIES
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contamination of urine with povidone-iodine. Cause of false-positive test for occult blood in urine
Authors: R. Said
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE USUAL first step in evaluating red or dark urine is by the dipstick method. The detection of occult blood by this test is based on the peroxidatic activity of both hemoglobin and myoglobin, which catalyzes the reaction peroxidase-chromogen orthotolidine to form oxidized orthotolidine.<sup>1,2</sup>A positive test for occult blood means either hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria. The test is believed to be highly specific, and physicians generally seem unaware that false-positive results occur. Recently, we observed a 7-year-old girl who passed tea-colored urine spontaneously a few hours following appendectomy. When tested with reagent testing strips, her urine was strongly positive for occult blood. Urine specific gravity was 1,024, and the sediment contained one to two RBCs and two to four WBCs per highpower field. No casts were seen. Her serum was clear and without discoloration. Clinically, the patient was doing well, without muscle pain, weakness, or tenderness. The hematocrit
ACCIDENTAL SERUM DEMONSTRATION.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New treatments for colon cancer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

evaluated.We think that trauma units with access to a helical, multiplane, computed tomography scanner should routinely image the entire cervical spine at high resolution since the number needed to treat to detect a further injury beyond directed scanning may be only eight to 22 patients, 20 21 36 and this is the standard recommended in figure 2. This is similarly a level 2-3 recommendation; an urgent need remains for an adequately powered, prospective comparison of these modalities to justify any further recommendations.We propose the removal of cervical collars and patients' mobilisation as a priority for management.Therefore if plain radiographs and computed tomography imaging do not show evidence of traumatic abnormality and the patient is not expected to be conscious within 48-72 hours, current evidence supports the declaration "cervical spine cleared" without further delay.We draw attention to the routine inclusion of thoracolumbar plain radiography, where unconscious patients with multiple injuries have a compatible mechanism of injury.Contributors: CGM had the original idea, searched the literature, and wrote the main text.
Laser, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, and Ultrasound: Biophysical and Biological Basis, Applications, and Hazards in Medicine and Industry Program
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Laser, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, and Ultrasound: Biophysical and Biological Basis, Applications, and Hazards in Medicine and Industry Program Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 6, June 1982, Page 1043, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.6.1043-a Published: 01 June 1982
Hospital Ballads
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Simple Parabiotic Chamber for Cell Culture Studies
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertension crisis. Recognition and management
Authors: T. A. Keith
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Situations requiring immediate lowering of systemic blood pressure are infrequent. Certain clinical syndromes resulting from or complicated by severe hypertension demand vigorous, usually parenteral, antihypertensive therapy. Such syndromes include (1) diastolic hypertension accompanied by sudden disruption of cerebral function, (2) dissecting or leaking aortic aneurysm, (3) accelerated or malignant hypertension, (4) toxemia of pregnancy when either the fetus' or the mother's life is immediately threatened, (5) some instances of diastolic hypertension and acute left ventricular failure, (6) uncontrolled hypertension in the patient who requires emergency surgery, (7) refractory elevation of the diastolic pressure in the kidney transplant patient, and (8) refractory hypertension complicating myocardial infarction or angina. Drugs useful in acutely lowering blood pressure include diazoxide, sodium nitroprusside, methyldopa intravenously, reserpine intramuscularly, and trimethaphan camsylate intravenously. Use of furosemide reinforces the hypotensive effect of these agents. Theoretical advantages and disadvantages of these agents are not always encountered in clinical use. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1570-1577, 1977)
Selective inhibitors of the osteoblast proteasome stimulate bone formation in vivo and in vitro
Authors: I.R. Garrett, D. Chen, G. Gutierrez, M. Zhao, A. Escobedo, G. Rossini, S.E. Harris, W. Gallwitz, K.B. Kim, S. Hu, C.M. Crews, G.R. Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

We have found that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway exerts exquisite control of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Structurally different inhibitors that bind to specific catalytic β subunits of the 20S proteasome stimulated bone formation in bone organ cultures in concentrations as low as 10 nM. When administered systemically to mice, the proteasome inhibitors epoxomicin and proteasome inhibitor–1 increased bone volume and bone formation rates over 70% after only 5 days of treatment. Since the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been shown to modulate expression of the Drosophila homologue of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -4 (BMP-2 and BMP-4) genes, we examined the effects of noggin, an endogenous inhibitor of BMP-2 and BMP-4 on bone formation stimulated by these compounds and found that it was abrogated. These compounds increased BMP-2 but not BMP-4 or BMP-6 mRNA expression in osteoblastic cells, suggesting that BMP-2 was responsible for the observed bone formation that was inhibited by noggin. We show proteasome inhibitors regulate BMP-2 gene expression at least in part through inhibiting the proteolytic processing of Gli3 protein. Our results suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome machinery regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation and that inhibition of specific components of this system may be useful therapeutically in common diseases of bone loss.
Induction of the Base Displacement or Z Conformation in DNA by N-2-Acetylaminofluorene Modification
Authors: Regina M. Santella, Dezider Grunberger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Modification of deoxyguanosine at the C8 position by the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) has been shown to result in two different conformational changes dependent on the nucleotide sequence of the modified polymer. AAF modification of random sequence DNA results in a large distortion of the helix which is termed base displacement. In this conformation, the carcinogen is inserted into the DNA perpendicular to the helix axis with the guanosine displaced to the outside. Large single-stranded regions are generated which are susceptible to S1 nuclease digestion and react with anti-cytidine antibodies. A different conformation has been observed when the alternating purine pyrimidine copolymer, poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) is modified. At a modification level of 28% this polymer shows a CD spectrum characteristic of the left-handed Z-DNA seen in the unmodified polymer at high ethanol or salt concentrations. Base pairing of the modified polymer remains intact as demonstrated by its resistance to digestion with S1 nuclease and lack of reactivity with anti-cytidine antibodies. Modification of poly(dG-m5dC)·poly(dG-m5dC) with AAF was also shown to induce the Z conformation. However, for this polymer, inversion of the CD spectrum takes place at a much lower modification level (10%) than for the nonmethylated polymer (&gt;20%). This polymer is also resistant to S1 nuclease digestion consistent with its adoption of the Z conformation with AAF modification. A possible role in gene expression for the Z conformation of AAF modified regions is discussed.
Fungal arthritis
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It has been claimed that each generation needs its own biographies of historical personages retold in its own terms. The dictum may hold true for medical problems as well. As we make inroads into an understanding of various idiopathic diseases, we may lose sight of the real continuation of infectious diseases, especially those that are not too common, too acute, or too easily thought of. Fungal infections are among those not usually recognized. Some, like mycetoma, tend to be monoarticular, producing grotesque disfiguring swelling through which sinus tracts burrow. Actinomycetes are chiefly responsible, including<i>Madurella, Phialophora verrucosa</i>, and<i>Allescheria</i>, the last-named most often guilty of producing this disorder in the United States.<sup>1</sup>The local introduction into the skin, chiefly in people working outside in hot areas, is probably responsible. Those who see many cases in tropical countries think of the diagnosis. The occasional occurrence in the temperate climates makes
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: John H. Klippel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 40-YEAR-OLD black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been followed up in the arthritis clinic at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center throughout most of the 19 years of her illness. The initial manifestations of her illness developed in the postpartum period of a pregnancy that had been complicated by proteinuria believed to be caused by toxemia. Proteinuria (2.8 g/24 h) accompanied by hematuria and red blood cell casts prompted a renal biopsy that revealed diffuse, proliferative glomerulonephritis (activity index, 6; chronicity index, 0). Other manifestations of her disease included polyarthralgias; erythematous rashes of the face, arms, and legs; and alopecia. Laboratory studies disclosed the following values: serum creatinine, 70 μmol/L; creatinine clearance, 1.75 mL/s; antinuclear antibody, 1:1280 (rim pattern); antibodies to DNA, 98% (Farr assay); and C3, 0.77 g/L. A daily 60-mg dose of prednisone was started, and during the next 2 years the
NCI Describes Results of First Phase of NSABP Chart Audit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article NCI Describes Results of First Phase of NSABP Chart Audit Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 10, 18 May 1994, Pages 747–750, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.10.747 Published: 18 May 1994
Phase II trial of Eribulin/S-1 combination therapy for advanced/recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Tsutomu Iwasa, Yoshifumi Komoike, Junji Tsurutani, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yutaka Mizuno, Nobuki Matsunami, Jun Yamamura, Shoichiro Otani, Yasuyuki Kojima, Satomi Watanabe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Tuberculosis Transmission in Multiple Correctional Facilities—Kansas, 2002-2003
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a substantial health concern in correctional facilities; inmates and employees are at high risk, and TB outbreaks can lead to transmission in surrounding communities. The Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) recommends that all correctional facilities have a written TB infection-control plan (TBICP). In September 2002, after diagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary TB in a prison inmate, the Kansas TB Control Program, with assistance from CDC, initiated a 6-month contact investigation. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which determined that, while symptomatic for TB, the inmate had resided in three different jails and a state prison, placing hundreds of employees and other inmates at risk for TB infection. The circumstances of this case underscore the need for effective TBICPs to be implemented by trained employees in jails and prisons and for establishment of mechanisms to facilitate information-sharing between correctional facilities and local and state health departments.
Who Pays?
Authors: Donald M. Berwick, Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Americans have no right to health care. In this respect, we stand almost alone among the industrialized nations of the world. Only some of our citizens pay the price directly for this lapse in commitment, however. In this issue of the Journal, Braveman and her colleagues1 remind us again of who those citizens are.Reviewing discharge data about more than 146,000 births in eight California counties in 1982, 1984, and 1986, the authors found that adverse outcomes — defined as a hospital stay of more than five days, transfer to another facility, or death — were more common among . . .
Molecular basis of gastrointestinal disease
Authors: H Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1992)

ERB-B3 is a gene encoding a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, and is part of the EGF-receptor family.Its ligand is unknown.In view of the known involvement of the EGF-receptor (c-erb-bl product) in hepatic resection, and the identification of another tyrosine kinase (the c-met oncogene product) as the receptor for HGF, we investigated the hypothesis that growth factor-initiated hepatocyte DNA synthesis would modulate c-erb-b3 expression.Rat hepatocytes in primary culture were stimulated with Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), EGF, insulin or basal medium control.Gene expression was determined by Northern analysis: membranes were hybridised at high stringency with a full length 4.8 kb cDNA to erb b3.Expression was compared with constitutively expressed glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and total 28S ribosomal RNA.Unstimulated hepatocytes in culture expressed the 6.3 kb transcript of erb b3.There was a striking reduction in mRNA expression, resulting transiently in undetectable levels of the 6.3kb transcript after 8h, when DNA synthesis was stimulated by EGF or HGF with or without insulin.Thus, erb b3 gene expression is strikingly modulated by growth factor stimulation in hepatocytes, but not up-regulated.This contrasts with the changes in the EGF- receptor and HGF-receptor mRNA after receptor-ligand interaction, where receptor mRNA is up-regulated following receptor occupancy.
Use of animals in medical education. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Authors: William C. Scott, Yank D. Coble, A. Bradley Eisenbrey, E. Harvey Estes, Mitchell S. Karlan, William R. Kennedy, Michael P. Moulton, Patricia J. Numann, W. Douglas Skelton, Richard M. Steinhilber, Jack P. Strong, Henry N. Wagner, William R. Hendee, William T. McGivney, Jerod M. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The use of animals in general medical education is essential. Although several adjuncts to the use of animals are available, none can completely replace the limited use of animals in the medical curriculum. Students should be made aware of an institution's policy on animal use in the curriculum before matriculation, and faculty should make clear to all students the learning objectives of any educational exercise that uses animals. The Council on Scientific Affairs recognizes the necessity for the responsible and humane treatment of animals and urges all medical school faculty members to discuss this moral and ethical imperative with their students.