tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COXEN prediction of antineoplastic drug sensitivity in bladder cancer patients.
Authors: Shalin Kothari, Daniel Gustafson, Keith Killian, James Costello, Daniel C. Edelman, Jennifer Walling, Paul S. Meltzer, Dan Theodorescu, Andrea Borghese Apolo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15533 Background: COXEN (Co-eXpression ExtrapolatioN) uses molecular profiles as a “rosetta stone” for translating drug sensitivities of one set of cancers into predictions for another completely independent set of cell lines or human tumors. The ability of COXEN to predict drug effectiveness in pts using tumor samples from in vitro assays is unique. Methods: We tested the predictive value of COXEN for standard chemotherapies in a cohort of bladder cancer pts. Total RNA was extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue and converted to cDNA, amplified with Ovation FFPE WTA, and hybridized to a GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array. Using gene expression data from 278 independent bladder tumors, COXEN scores were generated using bioinformatics models originally built using the NCI-60 cell line panel and a model building algorithm (MiPP). Gene expression data was processed to score 76 FDA approved antineoplastic drugs. Results: A total of 24 samples were tested (15 tumors with 1 sample and 9 tumors with 2 biological replicas (2 samples from the same tumor)) from 15 pts who received chemotherapy (median age 64 (41-74); 73% male; with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (12/15, 80%) or metastatic bladder cancer (mBC) (3/15, 20%). Response to therapy was confirmed by pathologic response in MIBC pts and radiologic response in mBC pts. Chemotherapies evaluated included: methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin; gemcitabine/cisplatin; gemcitabine/carboplatin; and cisplatin/etoposide. COXEN accurately predicted antineoplastic drug sensitivity in 11/15 (73%) pts (75% MIBC and 67% mBC), of which 7/11 pts had 2 biological samples. However, only 3/7 (43%) biological replicas confirmed COXEN prediction. COXEN accurately predicted drug sensitivity in 9/10 (90%) pts with response and 2/5 (40%) pts with resistance to therapy. Conclusions: COXEN did well in predicting antineoplastic drug response for the majority of bladder cancer pts in this cohort. However, predictions from 2 samples within the same tumor were not always consistent, likely due to the expected tumor heterogeneity found in bladder cancer tumors. A prospective clinical trial in patients with mBC using COXEN to select next best therapy is in development.
CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: Angela Stefanou, Michael Dooley, Jim Siderov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Simple Method to Eliminate the Risk of Inadvertent Intrathecal Vincristine AdministrationTo the Editor: There are many reports of incidents of inadvertent intrathecal administration of vincristine, the earliest dating back to 1978 and the most recent in 2002. 1-3One of the many outcomes described by Womer et al 4 of their systems for inpatient chemotherapy administration was a set of rules for minimizing the risk of intrathecal vincristine administration.The consequence of intrathecal vincristine administration is devastating, and as these authors and others have highlighted, it has occurred at many institutions throughout the world.The strategy described by Womer et al 4 to minimize this risk is not sufficient, as complete elimination is warranted and possible.The preparation of vincristine for intravenous bolus administration in a small-volume intravenous bag, as opposed to a syringe, is the only method of completely eradicating the risk of this drug accidentally being given intrathecally.This method of preparation is a practice that has been adopted not only at our institution, but also at the majority of hospitals in Australia.All published reports of intrathecal vincristine administration have been associated with preparation of the drug in a syringe.In adults, vincristine is prepared in a small-volume intravenous bag containing 50 mL of sodium chloride 0.9%.This is administered as a short intravenous bolus for 5 to 10 minutes.For pediatric patients, the same approach is used but with a smaller volume of fluid in the infusion bag and a slower rate of administration.We believe that this method of diluting vincristine for intravenous bolus-dosing into a small-volume intravenous bag, rather than in a syringe, is a simple method of eradicating the risk of catastrophic inadvertent intrathecal administration of vincristine.
Hemoglobin Munchausen
Authors: John Lindenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1974)

DURING the early 1970s sickle cell anemia as a major health problem has been widely publicized in the black community.<sup>1,2</sup>In a recent romantic movie, the heroine is said to be slowly dying of the disease. Mass screening programs have generated undue anxiety in carriers and their parents.<sup>1-3</sup> A side effect of increasing publicity could be the development in psychiatrically susceptible individuals of a previously unencountered form of the Munchausen syndrome,<sup>4</sup>with classical, although factitious, symptoms of sickle cell disease. Four such patients, all women, have been seen recently at the Harlem Hospital Center. Two cases were observed on a single occasion only. The other two are briefly reported here. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 28-year-old black woman, separated and formerly a nurses' aide, used several different names when hospitalized here 15 times between 1966 and 1972. She had also been admitted to at least 14
Adenocarcinoma of the breast metastatic to malignant lymphoma
Authors: G. L. Woolam
Journal: JAMA (1966)

MULTIPLE primary malignancies involving different tissues in a patient are no longer considered to be rare; they occurred in 2.3% of 36,547 surgical patients with cancer and in 8.1% of 2,902 necropsies of cancer patients in a study by Moertel and associates.<sup>1</sup>However, metastasis of a cancer to a second primary malignancy has been reported with decidedly less frequency. The case presented in this communication is, to our knowledge, the first documented and illustrated instance of carcinoma of the breast metastatic to malignant lymphoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old housewife came to this clinic for a general examination in January 1965. She had known of an enlarging mass in her left breast for approximately one year but had deferred medical consultation because of fear of possible breast surgery. In 1956, an examination had demonstrated a small plaque at the 2-o'clock position in the left breast, but this had not
Nation's blood supply dangerously low, banks call need for donors urgent
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE NATION is facing one of the most critical blood shortages in recent years, say spokespersons for the American Association of Blood Banks and the American Red Cross. They blame the shortages on crippling snowstorms, unusually low holiday donations, this year's particularly virulent strain of influenza, and the rising tide of violence throughout the United States. Blood banks in a growing number of communities across the nation are issuing emergency appeals for donors to replenish supplies that have become dangerously low. The need for blood type O is especially severe. According to the American Association of Blood Banks, Bethesda, Md, blood centers in more than 20 metropolitan areas are reporting severe shortages, and hospitals in some areas are being forced to postpone elective surgery. The association is a professional society of approximately 2400 community, regional, and Red Cross blood centers, and hospital-based blood banks and transfusion services, which together are
Swallowing Medication
Authors: J. Ace Brown
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a participant in the Physicians Health Study (1982; 247:1381), I was required to take a capsule and a tablet of an unknown substance on alternate days. This reminded me of a little-known fact: capsules and tablets are swallowed differently. A tablet is placed in the mouth with a small amount of water, the head is tilted backward, and the tablet is swallowed. If the same procedure is followed for a capsule, the capsule, being lighter than water, will float anteriorly, and it will be difficult to swallow. This accounts for the problem many patients have with capsules. If the head or upper part of the body is tilted forward instead, the capsule will float posteriorly, where it is swallowed easily. In my limited survey of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists, I have found that this simple method of swallowing a capsule is almost universally unknown. I am
Plasma Lipoprotein Levels in Vegetarians
Authors: Frank M. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The influence of dairy foods in the diet on plasma levels of total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, respectively) was studied in 75 adult lactovegetarians living in the northeastern United States. Dairy products were the major sources of dietary saturated fat and cholesterol. The plasma TC level was positively correlated with dietary saturated fat and dietary cholesterol, and inversely correlated with the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats in the diet. Correlations between the LDL-C level and the nutrients were similar to those of the TC level. The HDL-C level was not significantly related to any nutrients in the diet. The cholesterol levels of the lactovegetarians were compared with those of strict vegetarians. Lactovegetarians had 24% higher LDL-C levels and 7% higher HDL-C levels than strict vegetarians. Analysis within and among vegetarian populations suggests that ingestion of fatty dairy products raises the LDL-C level on a percentage basis about three times more than it raises the HDL-C level. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1337-1341)
Amikacin Sulfate
Authors: David C. Hefelfinger
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing in response to the article entitled "Evaluation of Amikacin Sulfate: A New Aminoglycoside Antibiotic" (238:1547, 1977). The article offers an excellent view of this new drug currently available. Within the body of the article the author indicates, "Good usage of the aminoglycosides would seem to dictate that one of these two agents [tobramycin or gentamicin] be consistently selected by a physician when administration of this group of drugs is indicated and that the other aminoglycosides be reserved for use when resistance to the primary compounds is encountered." I suggest that many physicians who are in a busy practice may sometimes read only the abstracts of articles. Probably the most important point concerning the usage of amikacin is that this drug should be reserved for demonstrated resistance or situations when it is deemed highly likely that only this drug will be effective. In the majority
A comparison of the surgical results in patients with hepatitis B versus hepatitis C?related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: K TAKENAKA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To assess the differences in the surgical results between patients with hepatitis B- and hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the operative outcomes of 30 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (the B-HCC group) and 96 patients with hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb)-positive (the C-HCC group), who had undergone hepatic resection from 1989 to 1993, were compared. The mean age of the patients in the C-HCC group was higher than that in the B-HCC group (61.7 years vs. 57.0 years, P < .05). The C-HCC group demonstrated both a greater decrease in liver function and a larger enhancement of inflammatory changes in the liver under a pathological examination (the current rate of active hepatitis: 69% vs. 27%, P < .001). There was also a higher incidence of total postoperative complications in the C-HCC group (60% vs. 37%, P < .05); however, regarding each individual complication, the rate was similar between the two groups. Two of the six patients with postoperative hepatic failure in the C-HCC group died. The mortality rate in the C-HCC group was 2%, but no operative death was encountered in the B-HCC group. The crude survival and the disease-free survival rates at 5 years were similar, 61.8% and 46.2% in the B-HCC group and 52.8% and 23.2% in the C-HCC group, respectively. The patterns of recurrence were also similar in both groups. The pathological features of HCC were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, the surgical results between the two groups were almost identical. However, because of the reduced liver function along with the enhancement of inflammatory changes in the liver, surgeons should therefore be more careful when determining operative indications and conducting the follow-up after surgery, especially for the C-HCC patients.
Abstract 15302: Deficiency of Myeloid Membrane-bound Thrombomodulin Attenuates Vascular Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Hua-Lin Wu, Kuan-Chieh Wang, Guey-Yueh Shi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Thrombomodulin (TM), a glycoprotein predominantly expressed in endothelial cells, has been well known for its anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Paradoxically, we recently found a promoting role of monocytic membrane-bound TM in experimental sepsis. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that membrane-bound TM may participate in vascular inflammation and the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods and Results: Characterization of the CaCl 2 -induced AAA in mice revealed that TM expression was mainly localized in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and infiltrating macrophages. To investigate the function of membrane-bound TM in vivo, transgenic mice with myeloid- (LysMcre/TM flox/flox ) and VSMC-specific (SM22-cre tg /TM flox/flox ) TM ablation and their wild type counterparts were generated. In the CaCl 2 -induced AAA model, myeloid TM-deficient mice (n=12) but not VSMC TM-deficient mice (n=8), when compared with their wild-type respective controls (TM flox/flox , SM22-cre tg /TM +/+ ), showed attenuated accumulation of macrophages, reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, thereby preventing progressive aortic dilatation. In vitro TM-deficient macrophages had reduced proinflammatory mediator production, macrophage-endothelial cell adhesion and intracellular oxidative stress (e.g., reactive oxygen species [ROS]) versus TM wild-type macrophages. In addition, deficiency of TM in hyperlipidemic mice (ApoE -/- /LysMcre/TM flox/flox , n=9) conferred protection against angiotensin II-infused AAA, compatible with dramatically diminished aortic ROS production and matrix metalloproteinase activities. Finally, human AAA samples (n=6) showed that TM signals were predominantly localized to infiltrating macrophages, implicating the potential involvement of monocytic membrane-bound TM in human diseases. Conclusion: Membrane-bound TM in macrophages plays a critical role in the development of AAA by enhancing macrophage-endothelial cell adhesion, proinflammatory mediator elaboration and intracellular ROS production.
Methemalbumin in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Hemorrhagic and Edematous Pancreatitis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CORRESPONDENCE.
Authors: Bayard Holmes
Journal: JAMA (1894)

104E. 40th St., Chicago, Dec. 28, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me to call the attention of the incoming staff of the Cook County Hospital to an opportunity to encourage better medical education which its position affords. The examinations for internes will soon come off. It has been customary to examine on the eight branches of the old medical education. No examinations have been given which have afforded the student an opportunity to gain credits on laboratory work. No examinations have been given with histological or pathological material, or indeed in any way except by written questions requiring written answers. This has resulted in disaster to those applicants who have had laboratory work as a considerable part of their course. It has resulted in a growing opposition to laboratory work in the College of Physicians and Surgeons on the part of the faculty and of the students. If the
Sleep Apnea and the Risk for Perioperative Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carol M. Ashton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 November 1993Sleep Apnea and the Risk for Perioperative Myocardial InfarctionCarol M. Ashton, MD and Louis Wu, MDCarol M. Ashton, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Louis Wu, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea appears to be greater among men with a history of ischemic heart disease [1]. The existence of a causal link between obstructive sleep apnea and myocardial ischemia (in men with preexisting coronary artery disease) or between obstructive sleep apnea and the development of coronary atherosclerosis has not been established; the alternative is that obstructive sleep apnea is a proxy for an as-yet-unknown causal factor. Nevertheless, as Dr. Ortega and colleagues point out, it is reasonable to assume that a man with coexisting sleep apnea syndrome and coronary artery disease might be at ...References1. Hung J, Whitford EG, Parsons RW, Hillman DR. Association of sleep apnoea with myocardial infarction in men. Lancet. 1990; 336: 261-4. Google Scholar2. Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, Skatrud J, Weber S, Badr S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:1230-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCorrelation between Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Cardiac Disease Severity 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 953KeywordsIschemiaMorbidityMortalityMyocardial infarctionOverweightPolysomnographySleep apneaStable coronary artery diseaseSurgeonsSurgery Issue Published: 1 November 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
ABBÈ LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Operant Methodology in the Study of Learning
Authors: Donald M. Thompson, Joseph M. Moerschbaecher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

A series of experiments is described in which operant methodology is used to study the effects of drugs on "learning." Emphasis is placed on the technique of repeated acquisition as a behavioral baseline for studying this type of transition state. In this technique, each subject is required to learn a new discrimination each session. Multiple-schedule procedures are also described in which acquisition is compared to a "performance" task, where the discrimination is the same each session. The learning baseline is more sensitive to the disruptive effects of a variety of drugs (e.g., cocaine, d-amphetamine, haloperidol) than is the performance baseline. This general finding obtains across procedural variations and species (pigeons and monkeys). The potential usefulness of these procedures for studying both acute and chronic behavioral toxicity is discussed.
GI infections/AIDS
Authors: B Vedrenne, M Poncet1, M Mbengue, H Chaudet2, M Bouvier, M Panuel, J Salducci, J Grimaud, J Areias, I Pedroto, S Barrias, P Matos, T Freitas, M Saraiva, M Fuster, J Cadafalch, M Sambeat, M Roca, J Ris, P Domingo, J Nolla
Journal: Gut (1994)

3rd UEGW Oslo 1994 atively lower than that for advanced cancer. (2)Dominant sites for polyp in descending order were sigmoid colon, rectum, transverse colon, descending colon, ascending colon and cecum in male and female, respectively.Domi- nant sites for advanced cancer in descending order were rectum, sigmoid colon and ascending colon in male and female, but differed in rates between male and female. (3)In 774 polyp cases, early cancer was 2.1%. (4)In 58 advanced cancer cases, well-differentiated cases was dominant (58.6%) for histopathological grade.
Experiences in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone with mithramycin
Authors: W. G. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The effects of mithramycin, an antibiotic with cytotoxic activity, were observed in 15 patients with active Paget's disease of bone. Mithramycin is shown to have a consistent effect in suppressing the activity of Paget's disease, as reflected by changes in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels, and the occurrence of symptomatic relief. These responses are probably mediated by a cytotoxic effect on osteoclasts. Several patients have shown prolonged remissions. This agent shows considerable promise as an effective treatment for Paget's disease of bone but means of enhancing the therapeutic:toxicity ratio need further investigation.