tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Effects of Increased Coal Utilization: Ecological Effects of Gaseous Emissions from Coal Combustion
Authors: Norman R. Glass
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

This report is limited to an evaluation of the ecological and environmental effects of gaseous emissions and aerosols of various types which result from coal combustion. It deals with NOx, SOx, fine particulate, photochemical oxidant and acid precipitation as these pollutants affect natural and managed resources and ecosystems. Also, synergistic effects involving two or more pollutants are evaluated as well as ecosystem level effects of gaseous pollutants. There is a brief summary of the effects on materials and atmospheric visibility of increased coal combustion. The economic implications of ecological effects are identified to the extent they can be determined within acceptable limits. Aquatic and terrestrial effects are distinguished where the pollutants in question are clearly problems in both media. At present, acid precipitation is most abundant in the north central and northeastern states. Total SOx and NOx emissions are projected to remain high in these regions while increasing relatively more in the western than in the eastern regions of the country. A variety of ecological processes are affected and altered by air pollution. Such processes include community succession and retrogression, nutrient biogeochemical cycling, photosynthetic activity, primary and secondary productivity, species diversity and community stability. Estimates of the non health-related cost of air pollutants range from several hundred million dollars to $1.7 billion dollars per year. In general, these estimates include only those relatively easily measured considerations such as the known losses to cultivate crops from acute air pollution episodes or the cost of frequent repainting required as a result of air pollution. No substantial nationwide estimates of losses to forest productivity, natural ecosystem productivity which is tapped by domestic grazing animals and wildlife, and other significant dollar losses are available.
Drugs and operations. Some important differences
Authors: J. W. Love
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DR. SPODICK has raised a provocative issue. He argues that a double standard exists in the practice of medicine. This double standard provides for rigid control of the safety and efficacy of drug therapy, he writes, but permits unsafe and ineffective surgical procedures to be introduced and practiced. He suggests that much harm results from this purported lack of control over surgical procedures. It is a serious charge that would be of great concern, if it could be supported. However, Spodick uses specious and flawed reasoning to argue his case. A major defect in Spodick's reasoning is his assumption that a meaningful and easy comparison can be drawn between drugs and operations. It is a perfect example of comparing apples with oranges. If his premise were true, he would have a reasonable case to make. Clearly, the meaningful comparison is not between penicillin and gastrectomy as therapeutic entities, but rather
Journal of Laryngology and Otology, London
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DIGITALIZATION
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioral toxicology.
Authors: H L Needleman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The new fields of behavioral toxicology and behavioral teratology investigate the outcome of specific toxic exposures in humans and animals on learning, memory, and behavioral characteristics. Three important classes of behavioral neurotoxicants are metals, solvents, and pesticides. The clearest data on the deleterious effects of prenatal exposure to toxicants comes from the study of two metals, lead and mercury, and from epidemiological investigations of the effects of alcohol taken during pregnancy. Less complete data are available for two other groups of agents, solvents and pesticides. What we do know about their effects on the fetal brain is convincing enough to make us demand caution in their distribution.
Symptom status and quality of life following prostatectomy
Authors: F. J. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1988)

When prostatectomy is proposed as treatment for the symptoms of prostatism, the decision to operate should depend on how patients evaluate their symptoms and on objective information about the outcomes. We undertook a health interview study to determine the probabilities for symptom relief, improvement in the quality of life, and complications following surgery and to evaluate patient concern about the symptoms of prostatism. The operation was effective in reducing symptoms: 93% of severely and 79% of moderately symptomatic patients experienced improvement; however, a statistically significant improvement in indices of quality of life occurred only among patients with acute retention or severe symptoms prior to surgery. Short-term complications of varying severity occurred in 24% of patients; in addition, 4% reported persistent incontinence and 5%, impotence. Patients with similar symptoms reported considerable difference in the degree to which they were bothered by their symptoms. The result emphasizes the importance of patient participation in the decision to undergo prostatectomy. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3018-3022)
Left ventricular electromechanical mapping of myocardial viability in ischemic cardiomyopathy: Validation by magnetic resonance imaging Habib Samady, C. Joon Choi, Michael Ragosta, Eric R. Powers, Jennifer R. Hunter, Linda Snyder, Joseph M. DiMaria, Christopher M. Kramer. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Toward better integration of medical and psychiatric care
Authors: M. L. Teitelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The article by Dr Hoffman in this issue ofThe Journal(p 964) is timely and important. Efforts to integrate medical and psychiatric care of patients such as described underscore how poorly medical and psychiatric care of patients is sometimes integrated. This lack of integration persists despite the awareness, since ancient times, of the association between physical and psychological disturbance and, more recently, epidemiologic work that clearly demonstrates this association.<sup>1</sup>It has been estimated that of the 15% of the population of the United States that is psychiatrically ill and in need of mental health services, approximately 60% are seen in the general health care setting.<sup>2</sup>Epidemiologic surveys report the prevalence of psychiatric disorder to be anywhere from 30% to 60% among medical inpatients and from 50% to 80% among medical outpatients.<sup>3</sup>Studies conducted at The Johns Hopkins Hospital have shown that anywhere from 29% to 37%
Microwave cataracts
Authors: B. Appleton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MICROWAVES in our environment and the possibility that they harm humans are facts of modern life. Microwaves are a form of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation, generally considered to include wavelengths from 1 mm to 2 meters long, which are common to radar devices used by commercial airlines and the federal government, line-of-sight telecommunication devices, "instant" cooking ovens, and diathermy treatment machines. Every American every day encounters microwaves. Experiments have shown that mammalian eyes can develop cataracts from exposure to microwaves. What is the risk of similar damage to man? The experimental evidence is based largely on studies with rabbits and dogs. In both of these animal models, it appears that the dose of microwaves that produces cataracts is so high that (except for the head) the animal's body must be shielded; otherwise, superficial burns and hyperthermic death would occur. Also, microwave radiation at cataractogenic levels cannot be tolerated by these animals
Reproductive Effects of Alternative Disinfectants
Authors: Betsy D. Carlton, Paul Barlett, Ali Basaran, Kate Colling, Irene Osis, M. Kate Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Organohalides formed through the reaction of chlorine and organic compounds in natural and waste waters pose potential health hazards. For this reason, alternative water disinfectants that do not form organohalides are being investigated with great interest. Limited data are available on the health effects, in particular reproductive toxicity effects, of these compounds. In our laboratory, we have examined the reproductive effects of chloramine and chlorine administered by gavage in Long-Evans rats. Animals were treated for a total of 66 to 76 days. Males were treated for 56 days and females for 14 days prior to breeding and throughout the 10-day breeding period. Females were treated throughout gestation and lactation. Following breeding, the males were necropsied and evaluated for sperm parameters and reproductive tract histopathology. Adult females and some pups were necropsied at weaning on postnatal day 21. Other pups were treated postweaning until 28 or 40 days of age. These pups were evaluated for the day of vaginal patency and thyroid hormone levels. No differences were observed between control rats and those rats exposed to up to 5 mg/kg/day chlorine or 10 mg/kg/day chloramine when fertility, viability, litter size, day of eye opening, or day of vaginal patency were evaluated. No alterations in sperm count, sperm direct progressive movement (micron/sec), percent motility, or sperm morphology were observed among adult male rats. In addition, male and female reproductive organ weights were comparable to their respective control groups, and no significant histopathologic changes were observed among chlorine- or chloramine-treated male and female rats.
Über die akute und chronische gelbe Leberatrophie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihres epidemischen Auftretens in Schweden im Jahre 1927.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lithium toxicity.
Authors: S P Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

ulcer has shown that admission for perforation in the years 1973-6 was as common among black as among white patients at the Johannes- burg General Hospital.'The type of complica- tion occurring was also similar in the two population groups, perforation and haemorrhage being common, in contrast to the greater frequency of stenosis reported in many studies from rural areas in Africa.
MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
Authors: Frank H. Lahey
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>PROCUREMENT AND ASSIGNMENT SERVICE FOR PHYSICIANS, DENTISTS AND VETERINARIANS</h3><h3>RECOMMENDATIONS TO ALL PHYSICIANS WITH REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY</h3> All inquiries concerning the Procurement and Assignment Service should be sent to the Executive Officer, 5654 Social Security Building, Fourth and Independence avenues S.W., Washington, D. C., and not to individual members of the Directing Board or of committees thereof. I. MEDICAL STUDENTS All students holding letters of acceptance from deans for admission to medical colleges and freshmen and sophomores of good academic standing in medical colleges should present letters or have letters presented for them by their deans to their local boards of the Selective Service System. This step is necessary in order to be considered for deferment in class II-A as a medical student. If local boards classify such students in class I-A, they should immediately notify their deans and if necessary exercise their rights of appeal to
Journal American Dental Association, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMU-13. LARGE SCALE TUMOR MUTATIONAL BURDEN ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC TUMORS PROVIDES A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR GERMLINE PREDISPOSITION AND REVEALS NOVEL CANDIDATES FOR IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITION
Authors: Brittany B. Campbell, Paola Angelini, David Fabrizio, Julia Elvin, Nicholas Light, Eric Bouffet, Valerie Larouche, David Samuel, Duncan Stearns, Kristina Cole, Enrico Opocher, Gregory Thomas, Magnus Sabel, Ben George, David Ziegler, Norman Lapierre, Gary Mason, Vanan Magimajrajan, Adam Shlien, Uri Tabori
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: A significant amount of childhood brain tumors emerge from cancer predisposition syndromes. Although tumor sequencing is common practice, it is currently impossible to infer germline mutations from tumor data. Glioblastoma Multiforme arising in children with Biallelic Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome (bMMRD) are ultrahypermutant which is highly specific to this syndrome and confers eligibility for immune checkpoint inhibition therapy (ICI). Our objective was to quantify the frequency of hypermutant tumors in children, determine whether mutational signatures can predict germline mutations, and treat hypermutant tumors with ICIs. METHODS: Deep panel sequencing (1000x) of 315 genes in 2984 pediatric tumors (585 brain tumors) and 79 842 adult tumors (3910 brain tumors) was performed. An algorithm was devised to determine mutation burden from 2 MB of panel sequencing data and results correlated strongly with mutation burden from exome sequencing (R2 = 0.94). Mutational signatures were analyzed to predict source of hypermutation. Patients with hypermutant brain tumors identified by panel sequencing were treated with ICI. RESULTS: Hypermutant tumors (>10 mut/MB) comprised 5% of all pediatric tumors (n=143). These were highly enriched for replication repair mutations (p=<2x10-16) and mutation loads correlated with hypermutant adult tumors that have shown demonstrable clinical response to ICI. Hypermutation was found in 5% of childhood and 6% of adult glioblastoma. All cases of GBM with >100 Mut/MB harbored MMR/polymerase mutations suggesting germline bMMRD (p =10–7). Clinical data collected on 15 ultrahypermutant tumors revealed germline mutations in replication repair genes in all patients. Of the 22 patients with hypermutant cancers treated with ICI, 16 had brain tumors, and favorable sustained responses are observed. CONCLUSION: High mutation burden is a sensitive predictor of germline bMMRD. Hypermutant tumors are more common in the pediatric setting than previously appreciated, opening novel therapeutic avenues. ICI shows promise for hypermutant pediatric cancers.
Reviewers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2021)

Reviewers Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 113, Issue 9, September 2021, Pages 1263–1265, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab162 Published: 03 September 2021 Article history Received: 12 August 2021 Published: 03 September 2021
Schizophrenia
Authors: NORMAN Q. BRILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

It seems increasingly likely that schizophrenia is a symptom complex of disordered thinking, feeling, and behavior rather than a single disease. While psychogenic factors seem to play an important role in most instances, no pattern of environmental and emotionally traumatic factors has ever been found that would inevitably lead to the development of schizophrenia. It appears that hereditary, constitutional, and environmental factors contribute in varying proportions to the development of schizophrenic disorders. Observation of newborn infants suggests they are born with different temperaments and personalities that will react to the same stresses in different ways. The time in life (that is, the stage of development) when stress occurs is believed by many to be as important as the nature of the stress. Experiences that could be satisfactorily dealt with at age five or six might be traumatic and overwhelming at two or three. Neurophysiologic and biochemical abnormalities that may be contributory (or concomitant) factors in schizophrenia will probably be defined as investigatory techniques as they are further developed. Suggestive findings have already been described in controlled studies of average-evoked auditory and visual-evoked brain potentials, and the Russian neuropsychiatrist Snezhnevsky (1), using a toposcope—a 50-channel electroencephalogram—has described a pattern of activity in schizophrenics that differs from normals. Although new drugs have been very helpful in the management of schizophrenic patients, present treatment methods leave much to be desired. As long as the causes of the illness are not known, treatment will continue to be empirical.
Outcome of liver transplantation in patients with hemochromatosis
Authors: F Farrell
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Recent preliminary reports suggest a poor outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation for patients with hemochromatosis. We analyzed an institutional experience with orthotopic liver transplantation for hemochromatosis, focusing on factors contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Between March 1988 and October 1992, nine of 249 adults (3.6%) undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation had hemochromatosis. Mean age was 53 yr (range, 42 to 62 yr), and eight of nine patients were men. The diagnosis of hemochromatosis was based on transferrin saturation>62% and hepatic iron index>2.0. Only two patients were known to have hemochromatosis before liver transplantation. All nine patients underwent standard cardiac evaluation before transplantation, and no patient had detectable pre-existing cardiac disease. One patient had a major operative cardiac complication as a result of pulmonary embolism and made a full recovery. Postoperatively, congestive heart failure developed in three patients and four patients had arrhythmias. One patient is undergoing phlebotomy for post-transplant cardiac complications from hemochromatosis. Two patients had primary hepatic tumors in the explant liver. There were four deaths caused by multiorgan failure with congestive heart failure (1), infection (2), and/or malignancy (2). Five patients are alive 3 to 25 mo post-transplant. The actuarial survival of the nine patients was 53% at 25 mo vs. 89% for 18 age- and sex-matched control transplant recipients (p=0.1) and 81% for all other adult liver transplant recipients (p<0.01). In five of seven patients, post-transplant liver biopsies revealed hepatic iron accumulation. We conclude that: (1) the survival of patients with hemochromatosis after liver transplantation is decreased when compared with other recipients; (2) the outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation for hemochromatosis cannot be predicted by standard pretransplant assessment, including cardiac evaluation; (3) cardiac, infectious and malignant complications account for excess morbidity and mortality post-transplant; and (4) confirmation of hemochromatosis and phlebotomy therapy pretransplant might reduce cardiac complications after liver transplantation. (Hepatology 1994;20:404–410.)