tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of fatal and near-fatal asthma in relation to inhaled corticosteroid use
Authors: P. Ernst
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between patterns of use of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and the risk of fatal and near-fatal asthma. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nested case-control analysis of a historical cohort; a further analysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The 12 301 residents of Saskatchewan aged 5 to 54 years who were dispensed 10 or more asthma drugs from 1978 to 1987. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The 129 persons who experienced asthma death (n=44) and near-death (n=85) and their 655 controls matched as to age and date of entry into the cohort, with the additional matching criteria of at least one hospitalization for asthma in the prior 2 years, region of residence, and having received social assistance. <h3>Main Outcome.</h3> —Life-threatening attacks of asthma defined as death due to asthma or the occurrence of hypercarbia, intubation, and mechanical ventilation during an acute attack of asthma. <h3>Results.</h3> —After accounting for the risk associated with use of other medications and adjustment for markers of risk of adverse events related to asthma, subjects who had been dispensed, on average, one or more metered-dose inhalers of beclomethasone per month over a 1-year period had a significantly lower risk of fatal and near-fatal asthma (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 0.6). Conclusion.—These data support recent guidelines from several countries that recommend the use of inhaled corticosteroids in moderate and severe asthma. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3462-3464)
Protamine Insulinate
Authors: H. C. Hagedorn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

When treating diabetes with insulin, one has to replace the regulated continuous secretion from the normal pancreas into the portal vein by a few daily injections into the subcutaneous tissue. This method is of course only a poor imitation of nature's own mechanism. Serious disturbances are avoided only because the organism has other means of regulating the blood sugar than to vary the rate of insulin secretion. This is the reason why treatment with one or two injections daily is found to give fairly good results in many cases. In more severe cases, however, very pronounced oscillations of the blood sugar may occur. During the last few hours before the injection metabolic disturbances develop, which tend to minimize the available deposits of carbohydrate, strongly needed when the blood sugar runs low after the injection. It is obvious that the insulin hydrochloride will rapidly become absorbed into the blood after the
Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Tobacco-Specific Hemoglobin Adducts
Authors: Gabriela Schaffler, Claudia Betz, Elmar Richter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Hemoglobin adducts of the common metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (ISNA) 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (HPB) and of4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) were quantified in blood samples from smokers and nonsmokers to test their suitability for biomonitoring tobacco smoke exposure.Additionally, ThNA adducts were measured in nasal snuff users.Mild alkaline treatment ofhemoglobin releases 4-ABP and HPB, which were analyzed in parallel by capillary gas chromatography with electronic impact or negative ion chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (El-or NICI-GC-MS).Samples ofsnuff users showed high levels ofHPB adducts not correlated with the amount or type ofsnuffused.HPB con- centrations in smokers and nonsmokers, however, were much lower, with no group-specific differences detectable.In contrast, 4-ABP adduct levels were much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, confirming the significant difference be- tween these two groups reported by others.
X-Ray Seminar Number 7
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1396: Detection and local histological staging of prostate cancer foci in H&amp;E whole slide images using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Carolin Stürenberg, Umair Khan, Kevin Sandeman, Oguzhan Gencoglu, Adrian Malen, Andrew Erickson, Timo Heikkinen, Antti Rannikko, Tuomas Mirtti
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract A pathologist’s histological diagnosis is the gold standard of prostate cancer diagnostic measures. In addition to cancer grade, the stage of cancer determines the follow-up and possible adjuvant therapies after surgery. Not only glandular pattern recognition but also the assessment of three-dimensional extent and size of cancer, in relation to the whole organ, are parts of the subjective diagnosis, which may vary among pathologists. Furthermore, evaluation of lymph nodes for any possible metastases is time-consuming and missing cancer in lymph nodes can lead to undertreatment of the patient. For the abovementioned reasons, our team is developing an algorithm that calculates the amount of cancer tissue objectively, assisting the pathologist in the diagnostic procedure. In addition, we are creating an assistant for cancer detection in lymph nodes, which are removed for histological evaluation. All in all, we aim to create a tool that will help pathologists to a better, faster, more secure and more accurate diagnosis. Our material consists of full sets of scanned whole slide images from 302 prostates that were retrieved by radical prostatectomy. After supervised learning procedure, convolutional neural networks were employed for the classification of cancerous and non-cancerous regions in the images. A tiling based approach was used in which a slide was divided into square shaped small tiles. Millions of cancerous and non-cancerous tiles were sampled from the dataset for training and validation. During the convolutional neural network training, several different tile sizes were used, i.e., 256x256, 512x512, 1024x1024 pixels. Four different types of architectures were fine-tuned and trained for the task of tile-wise binary classification, namely InceptionV3, Xception, ResNet50 and a custom convolutional neural network architecture. In our preliminary assays for cancer detection, in both pixel-wise and tile-wise evaluation, InceptionV3 performed outstandingly well with an AUC score of 0.97 and 0.951, respectively. In conclusion, our algorithm has developed very well thus far with an accuracy in cancer detection of 97%. It is not only a versatile assisting tool, aiding pathologists to a more objective, standardized and accurate diagnosis, but also serves as a second opinion in difficult and challenging diagnostic cases. Citation Format: Carolin Stürenberg, Umair Khan, Kevin Sandeman, Oguzhan Gencoglu, Adrian Malen, Andrew Erickson, Timo Heikkinen, Antti Rannikko, Tuomas Mirtti. Detection and local histological staging of prostate cancer foci in H&amp;E whole slide images using convolutional neural networks [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1396.
Nutrition
Authors: E. M. Whelan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The focus of nutrition has shifted substantially over the past few decades. In the past, concern over health hazards focused mainly on the consequences of inadequate intakes of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Today, the possible role of nutrition in the causation of chronic disease, frequently the result of excess nutrient consumption, is receiving the most attention. Current nutritional issues include obesity; the relationship between diet and the two leading causes of death, coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer; and the dangers of nutrition misinformation such as that featured recently regarding alleged chemical hazards from food. According to<i>The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health</i>, there are 34 million obese adults living in the United States.<sup>1</sup> The list of health risks associated with obesity includes CHD, stroke, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, cancer, and complications during pregnancy. In fact, almost all conditions of ill health are worsened by obesity. Physicians should
SAFEGUARDS FOR DUELISTS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modern pain relief: percutaneous chordotomy
Authors: H. L. Rosomoff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A new technique for the interruption of spinal-pain pathways has been developed. Percutaneous cervical radiofrequency chordotomy allows easy, efficient, lowrisk relief of pain in an extended range of intractable conditions, both benign and malignant. A group of 100 patients, ranging in age from 30 to 85 years, has undergone a total of 154 percutaneous chordotomies. Almost half had high thoracic, arm, shoulder, or neck pain. Thirty-three with visceral pain required bilateral chordotomies. Initial results indicate complete or satisfactory relief in 92% of the patients. Follow-up examinations show sustained levels of analgesia and continuing "permanent" effect. Complications include transient bladder dysfunction in seven patients, temporary motor weakness in eight, and permanent paresis in one. All indications suggest replacement of standard laminectomy and surgical section by this method.
Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease. II. Estrogen content of oral contraceptives
Authors: V. A. Drill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Studies in more than 70,000 women show no relation of the different doses of mestranol or ethinyl estradiol in oral contraceptives to the occurrence of superficial and deep-vein thromboembolic disease involving the lower extremities. The disease incidence did not differ significantly between the two estrogens or the different doses of the two estrogens employed in oral contraceptives, and no correspondence was seen between the dosage of estrogen and the incidence of disease. At all dosages of the estrogens, the incidence of thromboembolic disease was not greater than the average normal rate of 2.2 cases per 1,000 women of childbearing age per year.
Dermatologic changes associated with interleukin 2 administration
Authors: A. A. Gaspari
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We have prospectively evaluated the skin changes that occurred in ten patients who were undergoing immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) and autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells to treat cancer. Serial skin biopsy specimens were obtained before therapy (baseline), during IL-2 administration, and during IL-2/lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion. All patients developed an eruption that was characterized by macular erythema, with burning and pruritus of the skin. It began after two or three days of IL-2 infusion and was usually localized to the head and neck; it occasionally became generalized (ie, erythroderma). The eruption resolved with desquamation within 48 to 72 hours after cessation of infusion of IL-2. Histologically, the changes were not specific. The only consistent immunohistological finding noted was the presence of DR + /Leu-4 + lymphoid cells surrounding blood vessels in the papillary dermis, with fewer of these cells in the epidermis. There was no difference between the clinical or histological features of the eruption that occurred with IL-2 alone and that which occurred with IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell infusion, suggesting that the cutaneous effects were mediated by IL-2 alone. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1624-1629)
Relationship between Lung Biopersistence and Biological Effects of Man-Made Vitreous Fibers after Chronic Inhalation in Rats
Authors: Thomas W. Hesterberg, William C. Miiller, Richard Mast, Ernest E. McConnell, David M. Bernstein, Robert Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This article describes the relationship between fiber biopersistence and the chronic toxicity of different chemical compositions of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) in the lung.Rats were exposed in "nose-only" inhalation chambers, 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months to aerosol concentra- tions of 30 mg/m3 containing comparable fiber numbers and similar dimensions of fibrous glass (FG) or refractory ceramic fiber (RCF).Interim sacrifices were performed periodically to monitor fiber number and dimensions in the lung and the progression of pulmonary alterations.At each interim sacrifice, three to six recovery animals were removed from each exposure group and held until two years to determine the biopersistence of fibers after different exposure times.Fibers were recovered from the ashed lungs, counted, and measured using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Fiber chemistry was assessed in 91-week recovery lungs using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.RCF induced lung fibrosis and an elevation in lung tumors and pleural mesotheliomas.FG exposure resulted in no lung fibrosis, no statistically significant increase in the lung tumor incidence, and no mesotheliomas.After two years of continuous exposure, the number of World Health Organization fibers per milligram dry lung recovered from RCF and FG exposed lungs was comparable.EDS analysis of recovery lungs showed that most of the alkalis and alkaline earths had leached from the FG fibers over time.A slight change in RCF chemistry was observed.These findings indicate that the change in the chemical composition of fibers may be an important determinant of the chronic toxicity of MMVFs.
Wood-Smoke and Serenity
Authors: J. R. E.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Editorials1 August 1969Wood-Smoke and SerenityJ. R. E.J. R. E.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-2-423 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerenity of spirit is an attribute of life that many men yearn for and fewer men achieve. Osler called it equanimity and held it to be an essential ingredient of the physician's character as he strives to aid his patients through their difficulties of body and mind. It is a quality that benefits all men. But what commodity scarcer than serenity in the summer of 1969? In the social and political turmoil of the day, the temper of the times is one of frustration, not serenity; the instinctive response is action, not contemplation.Yet he who would be effective as... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1969Volume 71, Issue 2Page: 423-424 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hyperventilation syndrome
Authors: L P MALMBERG
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Myositis associated with graft-versus-hostdisease (GVHD) typically presents with proximal muscle weakness, myalgias, and a raised creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) level.We report a case of a 51 year old man who developed respiratory muscle weakness five years after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for multiple myeloma.His symptoms included tachypnoea, abdominal paradox, and orthopnoea.Pulmonary function tests revealed diminished vital capacity and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures.Serum CPK levels were raised and a peripheral muscle biopsy specimen was consistent with GVHD.He improved with immunosuppressive therapy.
From the Centers for Disease Control. Public health focus: mammography
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alcoholism research report acknowledges progress, emphasizes need to understand underlying pathology, assess treatment results
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A NATIONAL alcoholism research report becomes available to the public this month (National Clearinghouse for Alcohol Information, Dept SP, PO Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852). However, this<i>Sixth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health From the Secretary of Health and Human Services</i>(Otis R. Bowen, MD) already is being discussed because Bowen released advance copies to coincide with National Alcohol Awareness Month. The Department of Health and Human Services (and its predecessor, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) began preparing these reports 15 years ago. The fifth special report was issued in December 1983. Bowen notes in an opening statement in this latest report that there are indications of "a continuing downward trend since 1981 in per capita consumption of alcoholic beverages" in this country. And, more than 300 pages later, the report's concluding sentence states that "studies of treatment goals indicate that abstention from
Premier Congrès international des écoles en plein air, en la Faculté de médecine de Paris.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Masthead: (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2018)
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Citizenship: Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have focused on sharing our content with those in need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, creating global guidelines and best practices for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts.
Race is not a critical factor in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) ST Zeigler, VK Rhynes, SL Hudson, JS Bynon, DE Eckhoff. Division of Transplantation, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To analyze long-term outcomes in patients bridged/downstaged to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).172 HCC patients who underwent OLT after being treated with transarterial liver-directed therapies (LDTs) (Y90: 93; TACE: 79) were identified. Pre-LDT and pre-OLT clinical/imaging/laboratory characteristics including United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) staging and alpha-fetoprotein values (AFP) were tabulated. Post-OLT HCC recurrence was assessed by imaging follow-up per standard of care. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Uni/multivariate and sub-stratification analyses were performed.Time-to-OLT was longer in the Y90 group (Y90: 6.5 months; TACE: 4.8 months; p = 0.02). With a median post-OLT follow-up of 26.1 months (IQR: 11.1–49.7), tumor recurrence was found in 6/79 (8%) TACE and 8/93 (9%) Y90 patients. Time-to-recurrence was 26.6 (CI: 7.0–49.5) and 15.9 months (CI: 7.8–46.8) for TACE and Y90, respectively (p = 0.48). RFS (Y90: 79 months; TACE: 77 months; p = 0.84) and OS (Y90: 57% alive at 100 months; TACE: 84.2 months; p = 0.57) were similar. 54/155 patients (Y90: 29; TACE: 25) were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less. RFS hazard ratios for patients downstaged to ≤T2 versus those that were not were 0.6 (CI: 0.33–1.1) and 1.7 (CI: 0.9–3.1) respectively (p = 0.13). 17/155 patients (Y90: 8; TACE: 9) that were >T2 were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less (within transplant criteria). Distribution (unilobar/bilobar), AFP, and pre-transplant UNOS stage affected RFS on univariate analyses.Despite longer time-to-OLT for Y90 patients, post-OLT outcomes were similar between patients bridged or downstaged by TACE or Y90. A trend towards improved RFS for downstaged patients was identified.