tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of albuterol (salbutamol) on esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers
Authors: N. E. Schindlbeck
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Orally or intravenously administered β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic drugs have been found to inhibit esophageal motor function. Since inhalation of these drugs results in less systemic side effects, the present double-blind study was designed to investigate the influence of inhalation of the β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic agonist albuterol (salbutamol) on esophageal motor function and gastroesophageal reflux in ten healthy volunteers. Esophageal motor function was recorded using a pneumohydraulically perfused multilumen manometry tube. Twenty-four—hour pH profiles were measured while the volunteers were ambulatory using a combined glass electrode connected to a portable recorder. Inhalation decreased neither lower esophageal sphincter pressure nor esophageal peristaltic amplitudes. Gastroesophageal reflux was similar on both occasions during inhalation of albuterol (3.1% [range, 1.0% to 25.5%] median upright time, with esophageal pH &lt;4; and 0.1% [range, 0.0% to 10.7%] supine time) and during placebo treatment (3.6% [range, 1.6% to 19.8%] upright and 0.0% [range, 0.0% to 2.5%] supine time). Our data support the study of inhalation of β<sub>2</sub>-adrenergic drugs in asthmatic patients with accompanying gastroesophageal reflux. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3156-3158)
The much-maligned doctor. "Sir" John Hill (1707-1775)
Authors: G. S. Rousseau
Journal: JAMA (1970)

My first encounter with Sir John Hill occurred in my PhD orals when an examiner asked me a question about this 18th-century figure. I had never heard of this Hill nor even seen his name in print. I remember leaving the oral, heading directly for the library, and learning, to my complete astonishment, that John Hill was a well-known apothecary, physician, botanist, geologist, antiquarian, and the author of more than 90 literary and scientific works, and—not least—a journalist whose daily column in<i>The London Advertiser and Literary Gazette</i>rendered his name a household word to Londoners of the 1750s. How then did the obscurity of this bright light of the 1750s come about? An offensive exhibition of superiority together with a highly successful career netted Hill a host of enemies, some of whom denigrated his character, after his death in 1775, by writing brief but distorted biographies. He was indeed
Problem of abnormal fetal position
Authors: A. B. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 31-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 1, with a normal first pregnancy, came to the obstetric clinic for a routine checkup at 32 weeks' gestation. Physical examination disclosed a uterus inappropriately small for the length of pregnancy and an unusual transverse presentation of the fetus. The pregnancy had been unremarkable except for an emergency room visit at ten to 12 weeks for unexplained mild right lower quadrant pain, which subsided spontaneously in three to five days. Ultrasound examination was performed the following day. Figure 1 represents a long-axis midline ultrasound scan of the pelvis; and Fig 2, a transverse oblique ultrasound scan through the fetal head, along the dotted line of Fig 1. In both figures, FH indicates fetal head; FB, fetal body; P, placenta; and BL, maternal urinary bladder; (H) is toward the patient's head and (R) is toward the patient's right side. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Abdominal pregnancy. Although
Persistence of systemic and splanchnic hyperkinetic circulation in liver transplant patients
Authors: A Hadengue
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Portal pressure and portal-systemic collateral circulation after orthotopic liver transplantation have not been investigated. We studied systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in 17 patients with cirrhosis before and 205 ± 146 days after orthotopic liver transplantation. Among the 17 orthotopic liver transplantation patients, 12 had undergone hemodynamic study in the 6 mo before orthotopic liver transplantation. Controls were 50 patients with normal liver architecture. Cardiac index remained elevated in orthotopic liver transplantation patients compared with controls (3.6 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 0.4 L/min · m2; p < 0.05). Azygos blood flow, which was elevated before orthotopic liver transplantation (585 ± 402 ml/min), remained elevated after orthotopic liver transplantation (553 ± 343 ml/min). In transplant patients, hepatic blood flow was higher than it was in controls (2.26 ± 0.86 vs. 1.38 ± 0.57 L/min; p < 0.05). Elevated hepatic blood flow correlated with cardiac index (r = 0.647, p < 0.025). In patients with normal graft function, hepatic venous pressure gradient was normal (2 ± 1 mm Hg). In a patient with acute rejection, a sharp elevation in the hepatic venous pressure gradient was observed; it returned to normal 45 days after treatment. We conclude that despite normal portal pressure, portal-systemic collateral blood flow remains elevated after orthotopic liver transplantation. Possibly because of persistent collateral circulation, which may keep portal tributary blood flow elevated, hepatic blood flow is increased after orthotopic liver transplantation. Elevated splanchnic blood flow, in turn, contributes to the high cardiac index in liver recipients. Finally, a sharp elevation in portal pressure, which may be observed during acute rejection and subsides after treatment, merits further study. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:175–178.)
MEDU-32. IN-VIVO REPROGRAMMING OF POSTMITOTIC NEURONS INDUCES MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Giuseppe Aiello, Claudio Ballabio, Riccardo Ruggeri, Marica Anderle, Luca Tiberi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

In the last years significant progress has been made to identify the cells of origin of many cancers and the majority of data points towards stem cells and progenitors. Notably, it is common opinion that these cells should possess a proliferative capacity, therefore postmitotic neurons have not been considered as suitable cell of origin of human and mouse cancer. Indeed, the transition of neural progenitor to differentiated postmitotic neurons is thought to be irreversible in physiological and pathological conditions. Here we show that neurons reprograming may occur upon oncogenes activation and it leads to brain cancer formation in vivo. Using a conditional Cre-recombination system we manage to recapitulate human cancer model in mice ad to demonstrate that the postmigratory mature granule neurons (MGNs) can be reprogrammed in-vivo. Interestingly, MGNs seem to possess defined characteristic that allow the reprogramming and the cancer formation, since activation of oncogenic pathways leads to cancer formation only in specific area of brain. For the first time we demonstrate the chance to reprogram postmitotic neurons into cancer cells shedding new light on the mechanisms of cancer formation. Postmitotic cells of other tissues may also possess tumor initianting cell features and our findings can be considered as a starting point to a new field in cancer biology.
Tetrachloroethylene-Contaminated Drinking Water in Massachusetts and the Risk of Colon-Rectum, Lung, and Other Cancers
Authors: Christopher Paulu, Ann Aschengrau, David Ozonoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the relationship between cancer of the colon-rectum (n = 326), lung (n = 252), brain (n = 37), and pancreas (n = 37), and exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from public drinking water. Subjects were exposed to PCE when it leached from the vinyl lining of drinking-water distribution pipes. Relative delivered dose of PCE was estimated using a model that took into account residential location, years of residence, water flow, and pipe characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for lung cancer were moderately elevated among subjects whose exposure level was above the 90th percentile whether or not a latent period was assumed [ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 3.7 (1.0-11.7), 3.3 (0.6-13.4), 6.2 (1.1-31.6), and 19.3 (2.5-141.7) for 0, 5, 7, and 9 years of latency, respectively]. The adjusted ORs for colon-rectum cancer were modestly elevated among ever-exposed subjects as more years of latency were assumed [OR and CI, 1.7 (0.8-3.8) and 2.0 (0.6-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These elevated ORs stemmed mainly from associations with rectal cancer. Adjusted ORs for rectal cancer among ever-exposed subjects were more elevated [OR and CI, 2.6 (0. 8-6.7) and 3.1 (0.7-10.9) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively] than were corresponding estimates for colon cancer [OR and CI, 1.3 (0.5-3.5) and 1.5 (0.3-5.8) for 11 and 13 years of latency, respectively]. These results provide evidence for an association between PCE-contaminated public drinking water and cancer of the lung and, possibly, cancer of the colon-rectum.
ANSWER
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Because of the risk of bleeding through ultrasound guided transthoracic needle biopsy, the patient underwent video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for right lower lung biopsy.Histopathology of the biopsy specimens revealed collections of monotonous small lymphoid cells that were immunoreactive to CD20 but negative for CD3, CD5, CD43 and cyclin D1.Lymphoepithelial lesions and several caseating granuloma with Langhans' giant cells were also found (fig 1A ,B).The diagnosis of coexisting primary pulmonary B cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma) and pulmonary tuberculosis in the same pulmonary region was made.A complete lymphoma staging work-up, including oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, revealed only pulmonary involvement.Treatment strategy was to first treat the tuberculosis with a 6 month antituberculosis therapy, and subsequently administer systemic chemotherapy for the lymphoma if the tumour progresses or related symptoms deteriorate.
Mystique Lost
Authors: George M. Mahan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My compliments toThe Journal'seditorial staff and Ms. Stella Neeson on the excellent article entitled "Mysticism Lost" (232:374, 1975). However, the title is misleading, as the subject is "mystique," not "mysticism." It is high time doctors drop whatever it may be that separates us from "the people."
Condoms for Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This set of recommendations for condom use in efforts to prevent sexually transmitted disease (STD) covers efficacy of condoms based on laboratory or epidemiologic evidence, quality control standards used in the U.S., and 10 recommendations for proper use of condoms. Condoms will reduce the risk of acquiring infections from exposure to cervical, vaginal, vulvar or rectal secretions or lesions, or from transmitting infections via semen, urethral discharged or penile lesions, but will not protect skin areas from lesions not covered by condoms. Latex condoms have been shown to prevent bacterial and viral exposure, while natural "skin" condoms may not prevent transmission of viral agents. Neither oral nor anal use of condoms has been studied. Use of vaginal spermicide is suggested to decrease risks in case of leakage or breakage. The U.S. Food and Drug Agency has tested 430 batches of domestic and foreign condoms as of 1988, and rejects all shipments with a failure rate, in the water test, of 4/1000 or more, a standard known as the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL). So far, 4 domestic and 7 foreign producers have had their products detained. A set of recommendations on storage and practical use of condoms is presented, with details such as use of water-based lubricants, and allowance of room at the tip without an air space.
Covalent And Noncovalent Interactions In Acute Lethal Cell Injury Caused By Chemicals
Authors: S. Nelson
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1990)

Over the past two decades, deadly coronaviruses, with the most recent being the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 2019 pandemic, have majorly challenged public health. The path for virus invasion into humans and other ...Read More
Schizophrenia
Authors: Marco M Picchioni, Robin M Murray
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Schizophrenia is one of the most serious and frightening of all mental illnesses. No other disorder arouses as much anxiety in the general public, the media, and doctors. Effective treatments are available, yet patients and their families often find it hard to access good care. In the United Kingdom, as in many parts of the world, this is often due to poor service provision, but sometimes it is simply down to misinformation. In this review, we clarify the causes and presentation of schizophrenia, summarise the treatments that are available, and try to clear up a few myths. We searched the online electronic databases Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library, and the current National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for suitable evidence based material. The name schizophrenia derives from the early observation that the illness is typified by "the disconnection or splitting of the psychic functions."w1 Unfortunately, this has led to the misconception that the illness is characterised by a "split personality," which it is not. Box 1 lists the common symptoms of schizophrenia. #### Box 1 Definitions of symptoms of schizophrenia ##### Positive symptoms ###### Lack of insight ###### Hallucination ###### Delusions ###### Thought disorder
Prevalence of Mobility and Self-care Disability— United States, 1990
Journal: JAMA (1993)

An estimated 43 million persons in the United States have a disability; the estimated annual economic impact of disabilities--representing loss of wages, medical-care expenditures, and additional household expenditures--is approximately $176.7 billion. The Institute of Medicine recently recommended surveillance and systematic collection of information at the national and state levels to assist in program planning and evaluation for state-based programs for the prevention of disabilities and secondary conditions (i.e., health conditions resulting from a disability). To characterize state-specific disability patterns and better plan for funding of disability services, the National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) and CDC assessed data from the 1990 census on two forms of disability: difficulty with mobility and self-care activities. This report summarizes the results of the assessment for persons aged > or = 16 years.
A study of general practice in Massachusetts
Authors: J. W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A study of 12,835 patient visits to 15 Massachusetts practitioners indicated that while illness was the reason for 75% of the visits, nonsickness was the most common diagnosis recorded by the physician, accounting for almost 25% of the diagnoses. Fifty-two percent of the sick patients had multiple diagnoses and 20% raised additional problems about other family members. Visits were coded using the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The ICD was intended primarily as a classification of hospital patients and proved inadequate for classifying primary care. There was a correlation between the physician's age and that of his patients with the youngest physicians having the higher percentage of younger patients. The study findings suggest that some tasks proposed for the new family physician are being accomplished although none of the participating physicians were specifically trained for family medicine. The future family physician will almost certainly require different training if he is to effectively respond to the needs of his patients.
Halothane's Effect On Heart Muscle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Synthesis of Testosterone by Subjects with Gonadal Dysgenesis and XXY Chromosome Constitution
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Non-invasive tests of fibrosis and risk of liver-related complications: observations following successful sofosbuvir-based treatment in patients with HCV cirrhosis
Authors: Rajender Reddy, Andrew Muir, Susanna Naggie, Eric Lawitz, Edward Gane, Brian CONWAY, Peter Ruane, Ziad H. Younes, Frances Chen, Marianne Camargo, Anuj Gaggar, Robert Myers, Anand Chokkalingam, Barbara Leggett, José Luis Calleja Panero, Kosh Agarwal, Ira Jacobson, Alessandra Mangia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Practical Lipid Determination in Managing Juvenile Diabetics
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Clinico-Molecular Risk Stratification Model for Resected Gastric Cancer: Prognostic Impact of HER2, FHIT and APC Expression Status
Authors: E. Bria, G. De Manzoni, S. Beghelli, A. Tomezzoli, S. Barbi, M. Frizziero, I. Sperduti, S. Bersani, G. Tortora, A. Scarpa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Incorrect Statement and Reference.
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rational Establishment of Air Quality Standards
Authors: David Pearce, Gavin Mooney, Ron Akehurst, Peter West
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

This paper attempts to apply two principles of rationality--efficiency and equity--to the establishment of air quality standards for total suspended particulates in the USA. It is argued that standard setting should embrace either the use of some cost-benefit-risk criterion, or some concept of equity whereby risks are not reduced below levels judged to be acceptable elsewhere. There is often a trade-off to be made between these principles of efficiency and equity and that both cannot be pursued in tandem. In other words, the cost of fairness is more deaths in total than there need be at a particular level of expenditure. The concept of the "margin of safety" is also discussed, and we conclude that, as currently defined, it is of doubtful relevance in either the context of efficiency or of equity. Finally, and using evidence from other studies, we conclude that there are much more cost-effective ways of using scarce resources to save lives (e.g., in health care and in road safety) than pursuing the primary standards for TSP laid down by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in light of the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 and 1977.
Tick-borne relapsing fever in Colorado. Historical review and report of cases
Authors: T. A. Edell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Since 1915 the front range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains has been postulated as a focus of endemic tick-borne relapsing fever. However, the disease has rarely been identified: only two cases have been reported in Colorado since 1944. Three sporadic cases in 1977—tightly grouped geographically and temporally—prompted an epidemiologic review. Tick-borne relapsing fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent paroxysmal fever—with or without known presence of ticks— whenever exposure in an endemic area is part of a patient's history. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2279-2282, 1979)