tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Law, Medicine and Minors
Authors: Donald Hayes Russell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IT has long been held in most states that a physician who treats a minor without parental consent — except in a medical emergency — may be liable to charges of assault and battery. A definite exception is now provided in Maryland's new law,1 which is the first of its kind in the United States. It allows physicians to examine and treat minors for venereal disease without consent of the parents or guardians. Nebraska's legislature recently passed a bill2 allowing for treatment of venereal disease upon the written consent of the minor alone. A somewhat more restrictive law has been . . .
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1960)

An analysis is presented of the long-term results of the treatment of children with rheumatic fever without prolonged rest in bed.Of 360 patients followed up for more than 2 years after discharge from Herrick House, Bartlett, Illinois, 269 had been admitted immediately clinical evidence of acute rheumatic fever had dis- appeared.As soon as temperature, sleeping pulse rate, leucocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate approached normal, increasing activity was allowed.The average stay at the home was 3 months.The remaining 91 patients, who served as controls, had been admitted after prolonged periods of rest in bed.The cardiac status at the follow-up examination was assessed on the basis of significant changes in heart murmurs, change in size of the heart as seen radiologically, and changes in blood pressure indicating aortic incom- petence.Assessment of the adequacy of medical care in both groups, including prophylaxis against strepto- coccal infection after discharge, showed that this care was slightly better in the control group.Of the 269 patients in the experimental group 169 were followed up for 2 to 4 years, 97 for 5 to 9 years, and three for 10 years or longer.In the control group 28 were followed up for 2 to 4 years, 57 for 5 to 9 years, and six for 10 years or longer.At the time of the final follow-up examination 62 (26 per cent.) of the experimental group were worse compared with 37 (41 per cent.) of the control group.When patients who had a recurrence (subacute bacterial endocarditis or "chronic myocarditis") were excluded, 21 (12 per cent.) of the experimental group and thirteen (25 per cent.) of the controls were worse.Of 100 patients in the experimental group followed up for more than 5 years, sixteen were better, 51 were un- changed, and 33 were worse, whereas of the 63 controls, nine (14 per cent.) were better, 25 (40 per cent.) were unchanged, and 29 (46 per cent.) were worse.Although the numbers are relatively small, it is considered that they lend support to the view that prolonged rest in bed after an acute attack of rheumatic fever is "not necessary for optimal healing of the injured heart".C. Bruce Perry.
PWE-024 Prevalence, management and outcome of submucosally invasive cancers in a western oesophagogastric EMR population
Authors: P J Basford, R J Mead, M D Duku, G R Longcroft-Wheaton, P Bhandari
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Risk of lymph node metastases depends on good or bad prognostic features of submucosally (SM) invasive cancer specimen following endoscopic resection (ER). Invasion limited to SM1 level, lack of lymphovascular invasion and well differentiated grade are good prognostic features and may indicate that radical resection is not required following ER. However, depth of SM invasion can be very difficult to assess in ER specimens and hence a “safe” strategy would be to offer radical surgery to all patients with SM invasive disease, irrespective of other features. This is the policy we follow. We aimed to evaluate the outcome of these cancers in an ER population. <h3>Methods</h3> All Upper Gastrointestinal ER procedures for the period 2005–2011 were recorded on a prospective database. All procedures were carried out by a single skilled endoscopist. Demographic data, histology, procedure success, long-term outcome and complications were assessed. Careful endoscopic assessment using chromoendoscopy, plus CT/EUS where appropriate, were performed prior to attempted endoscopic resection and afterwards if indicated. <h3>Results</h3> Cancer with submucosal invasion was detected in 26 of 123 (21.1%) cases of oesophagogastric neoplasia. 22 patients were male and the mean age was 75.2 years (range 54–84 years). Submucosal invasion was present in 16 of 74 (21.6%) lesions arising in Barrett9s oesophagus, 4 of 7 (57.1%) oesophageal squamous lesions and 6 of 39 (15.3%) gastric lesions. All patients were discussed at a multidisciplinary meeting and those patients who were fit were offered radical surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Six patients who were offered radical surgery opted for conservative management with endoscopic follow-up. 14 patients proceeded to radical surgery; six of these had no residual cancer in surgical specimen and eight had residual cancer present. 11 of the 14 are currently in disease free survival, two died of recurrence and one died of post-operative complications. Two patients received radical chemoradiotherapy; one is in disease free survival, the other died of advanced adenocarcinoma. One patient received radical radiotherapy and remains free of recurrence. Nine patients received conservative/endoscopic management; of these seven had disease free survival, two died of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Mean follow-up was 32 months. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that submucosal invasion is found in a significant proportion of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal ER. Management of SM invasive cancer following ER remains challenging and our series shows a wide variation in management outcomes. Further research to guide the optimum management of this group of patients is required. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The Public Service
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The walking dead: sequential nuclear and organelle destruction during hair development
Authors: L.A. Jones, D.P. Harland, B.B. Jarrold, J.E. Connolly, M.G. Davis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Shiny, thick, smooth, bouncy, bright; everyone wants healthy looking hair. Ironically this vivacious, healthy hair is actually dead! The building blocks of hair begin life as active cells busily moving, dividing and making all sorts of molecules in order to stay alive. However, to turn into “hair” they need to pack themselves full of fibres known as “keratin” to make them tough and strong. To make space for this “keratin” the cell first has to have a spring clean and throw away all of its contents including its brain (nucleus) and lungs (mitochondria). This study aimed to find out more about this mysterious process. Samples of hair follicles (hair plus surrounding scalp) were taken from healthy volunteers in a process much like coring an apple. These samples were then stained using specific chemicals to look at hair cells using a very powerful microscope. These studies found that the spring cleaning process of hair cells happened in a surprisingly organized way and all within the first 1mm of hair follicle deep in the scalp. First the cells threw away their nucleus, or “brain”, meaning that they could no longer make decisions, much like a zombie. However, these cells could continue to “breathe” as they still had their mitochondria, or “lungs”. These zombie cells had one singular role which was to fill themselves full of keratin, throwing away their “lungs” at the last minute, when no further space remained. This discovery is not only interesting but informs hair scientists to target the first 1mm of the hair follicle when developing treatments to prevent hair thinning, greying and hair loss.
Clinical Lecture on Phlebitis
Authors: W. S. Savory
Journal: BMJ (1878)

culating blood, nor, indeed, to spread their influence at all beyond the tissues in which they have taken up their residence.*They are asso- ciated in every instance with local, not with general, processes-with processes which spread by continuity of tissue, not with general infection of the whole organism.What the nature of that relation is, I still think, as I thought when I last had occasion to speak on this subject, must remain open.The view which commends itself to my mind as by far the most probable, is that, whatever may be the original nature of the primary disease in association with which they present themselves, the organisms are specifically the same; that they recipro- cally are modified by, and modify the soil in which they find them.selves, and, by virtue of this interaction, take as important a part in the secondary processes to which they belong as pus.corpuicles take in the process of inflammation.Whether they are in any respect entitlcd to be regarded as specific contagium particles, whether they possess the power either of conveying the contagium from a diseased part of the organism to a healthy, or from one diseased body to another, we are still bound, I repeat, to regard as an open question.a In this and the preceding statements relating to small-pox, I have followed Dr.Weiqert, who was good enough to show me his preparations when I was in Breslau laset Ocftnohr.
Lung scanning
Authors: S. E. M. Clarke, R. H. Secker-Walker
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

For many years, the main use of radionuclide lung imaging has been the detection of pulmonary emboli. Recently, the development of new ventilation tracers has broadened the clinical use of lung scanning to include the investigation of regional ventilation, the assessment of alveolar clearance and the evaluation of patients prior to surgery.
Long-Term Arsenic Exposure and Incidence of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Cohort Study in Arseniasis-Hyperendemic Villages in Taiwan
Authors: Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Tong-Yuan Tai, Choon-Khim Chong, Ching-Ping Tseng, Mei-Shu Lai, Boniface J. Lin, Hung-Yi Chiou, Yu-Mei Hsueh, Kuang-Hung Hsu, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Diabetes prevalence in arseniasis-hyperendemic villages in Taiwan has been reported to be significantly higher than in the general population. The aim of this cohort study was to further evaluate the association between ingested inorganic arsenic and the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in these villages. A total of 446 nondiabetic residents in these villages were followed biannually by oral glucose tolerance test. Diabetes is defined as a fasting plasma glucose level > or = 7.8 mmol/L and/or a 2-hr post-load glucose level > or = 11.1 mmol/L. During the follow-up period of 1499.5 person-years, 41 cases developed diabetes, showing an overall incidence of 27.4/1,000 person-years. The incidence of diabetes correlated with age, body mass index, and cumulative arsenic exposure. The multivariate-adjusted relative risks were 1.6, 2.3, and 2.1 for age > or = 55 versus < 55 years, a body mass index ¿Greater/Equal to] 25 versus < 25 kg/m(2), and a cumulative arsenic exposure > or = 17 versus < 17 mg/L-years, respectively. The incidence density ratios (95% confidence intervals) between the hyperendemic villages and the two nonendemic control townships were 3.6 (3.5-3.6), 2.3 (1.1-4.9), 4.3 (2.4-7.7), and 5.5 (2.2-13.5), respectively, for the age groups of 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years. The findings are consistent with our previous cross-sectional observation that ingested inorganic arsenic is diabetogenic in human beings.
Abstract 5671: Humanized mouse models for evaluation of cancer therapies
Authors: Jean-Francois Mirjolet, Josselin Caradec, Olivier Duchamp, Francis Bichat, Caroline Mignard
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Mice with a humanized immune system, so called “humanized” mouse models, can be used to study the complex interactions between the human immune system and tumor cells. In order to assess compounds efficiency in immune-oncology, the in vivo model should recapitulate the biological characteristics of the human tumor and the related immune microenvironment. The choice of mouse strain is the first critical factor as genetically engineered mouse strains differentially express cytokines and growth factors. Then the choice of human antigen/target to be assessed drives the choice of the tumor models and the immune population to be transferred into mice. We developed on different immunodeficient mouse strains multiple humanization strategies using either human PBMCs, Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs), or specific human immune cells such as Dendritic Cells (DCs), T cells, subset of T cells (e.g. gamma9 delta2 T cells) and NK cells. We also developed mouse humanization models using combinations of immune subpopulations such as co-transfer of autologous T cells and DCs.Humanized models were then used for in vivo proof of concept studies with mice xenografted with cell lines (human disseminated lymphoma, orthotopic/subcutaneous solid tumors) or patient-derived xenografts. Tumor-bearing humanized mice were treated with cancer therapeutics such as bispecific antibodies, ADCC-inducing antibodies, Treg targeting antibodies, TLR agonists, vaccines and adoptive T cells transfer therapeutic antibodies. Therapeutics efficiency was assessed by following up mice survival and tumor growth. The impact of therapeutics on tumors and immune cells was also assessed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses. In case of disseminated lymphoma and ovarian human tumor in mice reconstituted with human PBMCs, significant antitumor activity of bispecific antibodies were evidenced by an increase in survival, decrease in specific biomarkers (CA125 for ovary) and decrease of residual disease. Citation Format: Jean-Francois Mirjolet, Josselin Caradec, Olivier Duchamp, Francis Bichat, Caroline Mignard. Humanized mouse models for evaluation of cancer therapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5671.
Abstract SY21-01: Analyzing tumor metabolism in patients
Authors: Ralph J. Deberardinis
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Metabolism is dynamic and responds to a wide range of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. Many human diseases involve perturbations of metabolism at the cellular level, and in many cases normalizing the metabolic state has proven to be therapeutically valuable. Cancer is one such disease, in which factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the malignant cell impact tumor biology and disease progression. In cancer, cell-intrinsic influences on metabolism include somatically-acquired mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, many of which regulate metabolic activity. Cell-extrinsic factors include nutrient access, which may become limiting due to inadequate vasculature and intense fuel utilization, and metabolic interactions with stromal and immune cells. A major challenge in cancer metabolism research is to understand how these various factors culminate in the metabolic phenotype of an intact tumor, and ultimately to identify which altered pathways represent potential therapeutic targets. Among the many metabolic pathways reprogrammed in cancer, nucleotide metabolism and responses to DNA damage are highly integrated with aberrant signaling and gene regulatory networks in cancer. We have taken two parallel approaches to understand metabolic complexity and identify potential therapeutic liabilities in human cancer. The first uses a combination of multi-parametric imaging and intraoperative stable isotope infusions to assess metabolic fluxes in patients with solid tumors, and to compare fluxes between tumors and adjacent tissue. Genomic, histological and metabolic analysis of tumor samples allows us to correlate various intrinsic and extrinsic factors to specific aspects of the metabolic phenotype. The second approach uses standardized culture conditions to assess cell-intrinsic heterogeneity of metabolic preferences and dependencies in large panels of human cancer cell lines. This approach has uncovered liabilities associated with specific molecular subtypes of non-small cell and small cell lung cancerm ncluding several related to nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism. I will discuss the application of these approaches to metabolic heterogeneity in human cancer, with an emphasis on features relevant to intact tumors and therapeutic liabilities and the role of metabolic imaging in studying cancer metabolism. Citation Format: Ralph J. Deberardinis. Analyzing tumor metabolism in patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY21-01.
THE TREATMENT OF INFECTED ABDOMINAL WOUNDS BY THE CLOSED METHOD
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Any Questions ?We publish below a selection of those questions and answers which seem of general interest.It is regretted that it is not possible to supply answers to all questions submitted.Serum Lipase and Protease Q.-What are the normal values of serum lipase and protease (the various trypsin-l'ke enzymes), and what are the approximate values of significance in pancreatitis?A.-Normal values of serum lipase are up to 12 units.A definition of the units and details of the method are given by Cherry and Crandall' and also by Maclay.2Little of
<i>GNAS</i> a Tumor Suppressor in Medulloblastoma
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Researchers have linked decreased expression of GNAS, a key player in many signaling pathways, to an aggressive subtype of medulloblastoma driven by the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. The findings suggest that GNAS expression could be used as a prognostic biomarker, or possibly to direct the development of new therapeutics.
Step-down therapy in hypertension. Importance in long-term management
Authors: F. A. Finnerty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To determine the minimum amount of therapy needed to control arterial pressure, the amount of one drug was reduced, then use of one or more drugs was discontinued after the diastolic pressure had been lower than 90 mm Hg for six months in 51 hypertensive patients. By six months, one drug had been eliminated in 38 patients, and the dose of another had been decreased in 49 patients. By 12 months, stepping up therapy was necessary in 13 patients; thus, one drug therapy had been eliminated in only 27 patients, and the dose was decreased in another 43 patients. No further therapeutic changes were necessary during the next six months. Originally, 161 complaints of side effects were noted. After step-down therapy, 18% of the side effects were reported unchanged, 26% were significantly decreased, and 56% were completely absent. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2593-2596)
Alcohol-use patterns through medical school. A longitudinal study of one class
Authors: D. C. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We describe the patterns of alcohol use of one medical school class assessed repeatedly over time from the first day of medical school to a point several months short of graduation. Although male students consistently drank more than their female counterparts during the preclinical years, the men reduced their alcohol intake during the clinical years to converge on the lower, more consistent intake rates of their female classmates. Over the four years of medical school, 11% of the students met criteria for excessive drinking for at least one six-month period and 18% were identified as alcohol abusers by Research Diagnostic Criteria during the first two years. More than half of the excessive drinkers met abuse criteria, whereas only one third of the alcohol abusers were also excessive drinkers. Alcohol abusers had better first-year grades and better overall scores on the National Board of Medical Examiners, part I, test than their classmates. The implications of these findings for designing and implementing alcoholism intervention/prevention programs in medical schools are discussed herein. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2921-2926)
Council on drugs. Notes on new names
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal