tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methotrexate therapy for Plasmodium vivax malaria
Authors: T. W. Sheehy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Among the more promising groups of drugs undergoing evaluation as antimalarial agents are the folic acid antagonists. These agents destroy plasmodia presumably by competitive inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dihydrofolic acid to metabolically active tetrahydrofolic acid. This reaction is necessary for nucleic acid synthesis and cell mitosis.<sup>1-3</sup>Pyrimethamine (2, 4-diamino-5-[<i>p</i>- chlorophenyl]- 6 - ethylprimi dine) and chloroguanide (N<sup>1</sup>- [<i>p</i>chlorophenyl]- N<sup>5</sup>- isopropyldiguanide) have been used extensively for malarial chemoprophylaxis and treatment during the past 20 years; only recently they have been recognized as folic acid antagonists. Unfortunately, these agents are too slow acting to be used for treatment of established infections with<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Their use in such cases may lead to a fatal outcome for the patient or to the development of resistant strains.<sup>4</sup> In addition to these observations, the appearance of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in many
Recombinant humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody toripalimab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Results of an open-label phase II clinical study Polaris-03.
Authors: Xinan Sheng, Haige Chen, Bin Hu, Xudong Yao, Ziling Liu, Xin Yao, Hongqian Guo, Yi Hu, Zhigang Ji, Hong Luo, Benkang Shi, Jiyan Liu, Jin WU, Fangjian Zhou, Zhisong He, Jinhai Fan, Yiran Huang, Jun Guo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

5040 Background: Patients with advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) who experience disease progression after standard therapy have limited treatment options. Phase I study of toripalimab in subjects with heavily pretreated metastatic UC had demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and promising clinical activity. Here we report the safety and efficacy result of toripalimab in a phase II clinical study (POLARIS-03) in Chinese patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. (Clinical trial ID: NCT03113266). Methods: Metastatic UC Patients receive toripalimab 3 mg/kg Q2W until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity or voluntary withdrawal. Clinical response is assessed every 8 weeks. Tumor PD-L1 expression and other biomarkers will be evaluated for correlation with clinical response. Results: From May 2017 to September 2019, 204 patients were screened and the study enrollment was completed with 151 patients enrolled from 15 participating centers. The median age was 62 years and 66% were male. 87% patients had visceral metastasis. By the cut-off date of Jan 6, 2020, 92.1% (139/151) patients experienced treatment related adverse event (TRAE) and grade 3 and above TRAE occurred in 35.8% (54/151) patients. Most common TRAE included anemia, triglycerides increased, proteinuria, fatigue, and hyperglycemia. Treatment discontinuation due to a TRAE occurred in 6 (4.0%) patients, while dose delay due to a TRAE occurred in 23 (15.2%) patients. Three patients with major protocol deviations were excluded from efficacy analysis. Among 148 patients assessed by IRC per RECISTv1.1, 2 CR, 36 PR, and 30 SD were observed for an ORR of 25.7% and a DCR of 45.9%. The median DOR was 15.7 months. The median PFS was 1.9 months, and the median OS was estimated 20.8 months. PD-L1 expression results were obtained from 141 patients. PD-L1+ patients (n=46) had significant better ORR than PD-L1- patients (n=95), 41.3% versus 16.8% ( p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Toripalimab has demonstrated encouraging clinical activity in chemo-refractory UC patients with a manageable safety profile. Patients will be continuously monitored for safety and overall survival. Clinical trial information: NCT03113266 .
Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Prematurity
Authors: Mark Abramowicz, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Influences during Pregnancy on PrematurityComplications of PregnancyA significant correlation undeniably exists between gestational age and birth weight, so that artificial termination of pregnancy is an uncontested cause of low birth weight. From 10 to 15 per cent of premature births result from purposeful obstetric intervention,50 generally because of previous cesarean section, toxemia, abruptio placentae, placenta previa, diabetes mellitus, pelvic abnormalities or rising Rh antibody titer. However, even here a note of caution should be introduced because population groups are not uniform in likelihood of receiving such intervention. Although one might logically suppose that women who have had more . . .
Book Review The Clinical Examination of the Nervous System . by G. H. Monrad-Krohn, M.D., F.R.C.P., with a foreword by T. Grainger Stewart, M.D., F.R.C.P. 4th edition New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1928. xvi — 209 pages.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1928)
Café Singer
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Ozone and Other Pollutants on the Pulmonary Function of Adult Hikers
Authors: Susan A. Korrick, Lucas M. Neas, Douglas W. Dockery, Diane R. Gold, George A. Allen, L. Bruce Hill, Kenneth D. Kimball, Bernard A. Rosner, Frank E. Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This study evaluated the acute effects of ambient ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and strong aerosol acidity on the pulmonary function of exercising adults. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, volunteers (18-64 years of age) were solicited from hikers on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Volunteer nonsmokers with complete covariates (n = 530) had pulmonary function measured before and after their hikes. We calculated each hiker's posthike percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of these two (FEV1/FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC(FEF25-75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Average O3 exposures ranged from 21 to 74 ppb. After adjustment for age,sex, smoking status (former versus never), history of asthma or wheeze, hours hiked, ambient temperature, and other covariates, there was a 2.6% decline in FEV1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-4.7; p = 0.02] and a 2.2% decline in FVC (CI, 0.8-3.5; p =0.003) for each 50 ppb increment in mean O3. There were consistent associations of decrements in both FVC (0.4% decline; CI,0.2-0.6, p = 0.001) and PEFR (0.8% decline; CI, 0.01-1.6; p = 0.05) with PM2.5 and of decrements in PEFR (0.4% decline; CI, 0.1-0.7; p = 0.02) with strong aerosol acidity across the interquartile range of these exposures. Hikers with asthma or a history of wheeze (n = 40) had fourfold greater responsiveness to ozone than others. With prolonged outdoor exercise, low-level exposures to O3, PM2.5, and strong aerosol acidity were associated with significant effects on pulmonary function among adults. Hikers with a history of asthma or wheeze had significantly greater air pollution-related changes in pulmonary function.
Making love with death
Authors: M. T. Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In the 21 years since it began its weekly use of a four-color art cover,The Journalhas reproduced some 1,000 paintings and other works of art. Only twice before have we elected to repeat a cover; each time the circumstances were exceptional. This week, for the third time, we repeat a cover, one that was first used almost 20 years ago.<sup>1</sup>Again, the circumstances are exceptional: there does not exist a more eloquent statement on what has become our national tragedy. One hundred years ago, when van Gogh painted<i>Skull With Cigarette</i>, he probably intended a kind of covert self-portrait. In his letters to his brother Theo at that time, Vincent was preoccupied with his health and concerned that he would die before he completed his life's work. He wrote repeatedly of the poor state of his teeth, how it had altered his appearance, ruined his digestion, and
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: RUSSELL E. BURGESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1986Carcinoembryonic AntigenRUSSELL E. BURGESS, M.D.RUSSELL E. BURGESS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-6-888_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by Fletcher (1) was heavily weighted toward the negative aspects of this test. Because this paper was commissioned by the Blue Cross/Blue Shield Medical Necessity Project, one has to wonder if studies such as these are going to be guidelines for reimbursement in the future, as mentioned in the accompanying editorial (2). Thus, I feel compelled to bring up the primary shortcoming of this article: its lack of enthusiasm for the positive aspect of this test. Also, those who do not deal with patients with cancer on a daily basis should...References1. FLETCHER R. Carcinoembryonic antigen. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:66-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HUTH E. A new series of papers on diagnostic tests [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 104:117. LinkGoogle Scholar3. TORMEYWAALKESAHMANN DTD. Biological markers in breast carcinoma: I. Incidence of abnormalities of CEA, HCG, three polyamines, and three minor nucleosides. Cancer. 1975;35:1095-100. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LOKICHFAMCHECKLOWENSTEIN JNM. Sequential carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer: a predictor and monitor of response and relapse. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:902-6. LinkGoogle Scholar5. LEGHABUZDARSMITH SAT. Complete remissions in metastatic breast cancer treated with combination drug therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:847-52. LinkGoogle Scholar6. RossBUZDARSMITH MAT. Improved survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving combination chemotherapy. Cancer. 1985;55:341-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. FLETCHER R. Carcinoembryonic antigen. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:66-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEGHABUZDARSMITH SAT. Complete remissions in metastatic breast cancer treated with combination drug therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:847-52. LinkGoogle Scholar3. RossBUZDARSMITH MAT. Improved survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving combination chemotherapy. Cancer. 1985;55:341-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Augusta, GA 30904 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byElevated Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Ki67 Is Predictor of Decreased Survival in IIA Stage Colon CancerCarcinoembryonic Antigen 1 June 1986Volume 104, Issue 6Page: 888-888KeywordsCarcinoembryonic antigenForecasting Issue Published: 1 June 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Alexander P. Remenchik
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is absolutely no evidence to support Dr. Zwillich's statement that patients with renal diseases who are hyperkalemic have increased body stores of potassium. As a matter of fact, these patients usually are potassium deficient. The deficits are produced by the same mechanisms which produce potassium deficits in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. The extracellular acidosis results in transfer of potassium from intracellular sites and probably bone and connective tissue to the extracellular compartment with subsequent loss for the body. It is not unusual to observe patients with hyperkalemia subsequent to renal disease who have severe potassium depletion. Furthermore, it is not possible to replete these individuals by administration of potassium unless the acidosis is corrected, even if the potassium is administered as the chloride salt. Therefore, a good principle of patient management is not to administer potassium to any hyperkalemic patient, until the underlying cause is corrected
Reproductive Immunology
Authors: Gary Gurka
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The maternal immune system is challenged with paternal antigens through exposure to trophoblast tissue and fetal cells crossing the placenta into the maternal circulation. The dose of antigen, the manner of presentation (cellular, subcellular, or soluble), and the nature of the antigen all determine the type of response that will be elicited. It is also clear that complex maternal immunologic responses, including antibodies to red blood cell antigens, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-D antigens, and cell-mediated responses such as proliferation, lymphokines, cytotoxicity, and suppressor cells, are generated to a variety of paternal antigenic determinants. The fact that some of these reactions are detected in vitro in the absence of maternal serum, but not in its presence, suggests that the local milieu is important in influencing their expression in vivo. For example, such factors as hormones (cortisol, progesterone, and estrogen), pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (alpha 2-macroglobulin and beta 1-glycoprotein) and AFP, which have immunosuppressive properties, may all serve nonspecifically to inhibit and decrease the general tone of maternal immunologic responses, particularly at the placental interface, where many of these factors are present in high concentrations. However, these nonspecific factors may not be sufficient to prevent presensitized effector lymphocytes from continuing an ongoing rejection process, as is often the case in the chronic rejection of an allograft. For this purpose, specific enhancing antibodies would play an important role by blocking maternal responses or protecting the fetus. There may be a subtle balance created on the trophoblast cell surface between specific antibodies and trophoblast or embryonic alloantigens, resulting in limited expression of antigens capable of inducing rejection reactions. This could favor the production of blocking antibodies and/or T-suppressor cells, as opposed to cytotoxic antibody and killer cells. In fact, low levels of antigen density on the cell surface favor a blocking effect by IgG rather than cytotoxicity. Blocking or enhancing antibodies can exert their effect on maternal immunologic responses in several ways. They could block the afferent limb by combining with antigen and preventing sensitization or increasing the level of sensitivity. An example of the latter would be the coating of fetal cells that enter the maternal circulation. Enhancing antibodies could work directly on the effector cells to suppress their function. The antibody itself, or more likely antigen-antibody complexes, may be important in this regard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Coverage Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months—United States, July 1996-June 1997
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The National Immunization Survey (NIS) is an ongoing survey to provide estimates of vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months in the United States, all 50 states, and selected urban areas. CDC implemented NIS in April 1994 as one element of the five-part Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII), a national strategy to achieve and maintain high vaccination levels among children during the first 2 years of life. NIS collects quarterly data from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 27 urban areas considered to be at high risk for undervaccination. This report provides NIS findings for July 1994-June 1995, which indicate that coverage levels for diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DPT), Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib), poliovirus vaccine, and hepatitis B vaccine have met or exceeded the 1995 interim goals of the CII and that coverage for measles-mumps-rubella vaccines (MMR) is within 1 percentage point of the objective.
"NICOTIN AND TOBACCO"
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reconstruction
Authors: Milton T. Edgerton
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Patients suffering from cancer of the head and neck should be encouraged by new developments that are appearing rapidly. The rate of progress in the treatment of head and neck cancer had slowed and few effective treatment ideas were being introduced ten years ago. The climate has changed markedly in the last few years, however, and rapid progress is now being made. One of the most promising developments has been the organization of multidisciplined treatment teams in many medical centers and, indeed, now in many community hospitals for the care of patients with head and neck cancer. This has resulted, in part, from the availability of young, recently trained physicians, who have a genuine interest in the care of such patients. In addition, an improved community climate enables physicians and laymen to discuss the problems of cancer and methods of its control. Social workers have developed new and effective means
Results of Toxicological Testing of Jefferson Parish Pilot Plant Samples
Authors: Robert G. Miller, Frederick C. Kopfler, Lyman W. Condie, Michael A. Pereira, John R. Meier, H. Paul Ringhand, Merrel Robinson, Bruce C. Casto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Five toxicological tests were performed using concentrated drinking water samples collected at a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant that had streams treated with different disinfectants (no disinfectant, ozone, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, or chlorine) before treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC). The toxicological tests used in this study were the Ames Salmonella assay, a subchronic in vivo toxicity assay in mice, the SENCAR mouse skin initiation-promotion assay, a rat liver foci assay, and the lung adenoma assay in strain A mice. These tests were conducted to determine the general toxicity and the mutagenic/carcinogenic potential associated with the use of disinfection and/or GAC in the treatment of drinking water. The stability of the mutagenic activity of the samples tested was determined by repeated analysis using the Ames Salmonella assay. Results indicated that the samples remained mutagenic for the duration of the tests. All the drinking water concentrates (4000 X) prepared by the XAD resin adsorption procedure failed to provide statistically significant indication of carcinogenic activity in the SENCAR mouse, rat liver foci, and the lung adenoma assays. However, concentrates of the chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and monochloramine treated waters gave consistent mutagenic responses in the Ames Salmonella assay. GAC was effective for 6 months in removing both the mutagenicity of chlorine-treated water and the potential of water to become mutagenic when treated with chlorine. In the in vivo, subchronic 30-day toxicity test in mice, some statistically significant differences in organ weights and body weights of animals exposed to different concentrates of some of the samples were observed. However, a consistent pattern of these differences indicating overt toxicity was not detected.
Treatment and Outcomes of Heart Attacks in People with Pacemakers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients17 April 2001Treatment and Outcomes of Heart Attacks in People with PacemakersSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Some people have problems with their heart rhythms. Pacemakers are electronic devices used to help the heart beat more normally. The heartbeat produced by the pacemaker, which is called a “paced rhythm,” can be seen on the heart tracings (called electrocardiograms, or ECGs), used to diagnose heart conditions. Heart problems that would normally be detected with ECGs are occasionally missed in patients with pacemakers because the tracing shows only the paced rhythm and not the other heart problems. A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, is ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Treatment of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Who Present with a Paced Rhythm.” It is in the 17 April 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 644-651). The authors are SS Rathore, KP Weinfurt, BJ Gersh, WJ Oetgen, KA Schulman, and AJ Solomon.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Who Present with a Paced Rhythm Saif S. Rathore , Kevin P. Weinfurt , Bernard J. Gersh , William J. Oetgen , Kevin A. Schulman , and Allen J. Solomon Metrics 17 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 8Page: I-98KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsElectrocardiographyHeartHeart diseasesLongitudinal studiesMedicareMyocardial infarctionPacemakersPatients ePublished: 17 April 2001 Issue Published: 17 April 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...