tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery and the pill
Authors: J. Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Background</h3> A precise anatomical understanding of the thoracic paravertebral space (TPVS) is essential to understanding how an injection outside this space can result in paravertebral spread. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the three-dimensional (3D) structures of the TPVS and adjacent tissues using micro-CT, and investigate the potential routes for nerve blockade in this area. <h3>Methods</h3> Eleven embalmed cadavers were used in this study. Micro-CT images of the TPVS were acquired after phosphotungstic acid preparation at the mid-thoracic region. The TPVS was examined meticulously based on its 3D topography. <h3>Results</h3> Micro-CT images clearly showed the serial topography of the TPVS and its adjacent spaces. First, the TPVS was a very narrow space with the posterior intercostal vessels very close to the pleura. Second, the superior costotransverse ligament (SCTL) incompletely formed the posterior wall of the TPVS between the internal intercostal membrane and vertebral body. Third, the retro-SCTL space broadly communicated with the TPVS via slits, costotransverse space, intervertebral foramen, and erector spinae compartment. Fourth, the costotransverse space was intersegmentally connected to the adjacent retro-SCTL space. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A non-destructive, multi-sectional approach using 3D micro-CT more comprehensively demonstrated the real topography of the intricate TPVS than previous cadaver studies. The posterior boundary and connectivity of the TPVS provides an anatomical rationale for the notion that paravertebral spread can be achieved with an injection outside this space.
Abstract 1285A: Erythropoietin can cancelchemo-resistances viadown regulation of ABC transporters
Authors: Hirofumi Matsui, Hiromi Kurokawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine which stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow. The receptor of it (EPOR) was reported to exist on the cancer cellular membrane: more than 85% cancer cell expresses EPOR. Several reports suggested to play an important role for cancer cellular growth, however, the role of EPOR in cancer cells is not confirmed. The authors have studied the cancer cellular porphyrin accumulation, metabolism and excretion to clear the pathogenetic mechanism which involved the high concentration of porphyrins. The authors found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerate both the cancer cellular porphyrin accumulation and the effect of photodynamic therapy. However, we cannot confirm which substrate is a key of signal transduction. EPO has been known used to be up-regulated at the metabolic acidosis via the stabilization of HIF-1α, a nuclear factor. Since HIF-1α can be stabilized by not only acidosis but also the high concentration of nitric oxide (NO), NO rich cancer cells may involve EPOR. Moreover, the purpose of EPO-EPOR system is likely to survive the hypoxic condition, it may keep intracellular heme/ porphyrins. The authors’ hypothesis is EPO-EPOR system in cancer cells may down-regulate ABCG2 which excretes heme/ porphyrins, and several anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, if so, the excretion of several anti-cancer chemo reagents should be inhibited to involve more effective chemotherapy. Methods: To prove these possibilities, the authors carry out following experiments with gastric and colorectal cancer cells. The existence of EPOR, the amount of ABC transporters (B1, C5, G2) after the recombinant EPO (rEPO) exposure (dose dependency and time dependency) were analyzed by western blotting. Cytotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs with or without rEPO was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8. Result: (1) EPOR existed in each cell line used in this study. (2) rEPO treatment involved down regulation of ABC transporters (B1, C5, G2) in dose dependently. (3) ABCG2 expression decreased until 24 hours after rEPO treatment. However, its expression re-increased 48 hours after treatment. (4) The 24 hours pretreatment of EPO significantly increased the effect of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, irrinotecan, cisplatin, 5-FU and oxaliplatin even in chemo-resistant cells. Conclusions: rEPO accelerates the effect of anti-cancer drugs via the down regulation of ABC transporters. Citation Format: Hirofumi Matsui, Hiromi Kurokawa. Erythropoietin can cancelchemo-resistances viadown regulation of ABC transporters [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1285A.
Fewer Circulating Natural Killer Cells 28 Days after Double Cord Blood Transplantation (dUCBT) Predicts Inferior Survival and IL-15 Response
Authors: Bergerson Rachel, Robin Williams, Hongbo Wang, Ryan Shanley, Gretchen Hoff, Alyssa Kerber, Sarah Cooley, Julie Curtsinger, Martin Felices, Jeffrey S. Miller, Michael R. Verneris
Journal: Blood (2016)
Diagnosing Delirium
Authors: Giuseppe Bellelli, Marco Trabucchi
Journal: JAMA (2010)

In Reply: Our study and a companion study in colorectal surgery 1 are 2 large phase 3 trials targeting separate common surgical procedures; both clearly failed to demonstrate efficacy of use of the gentamicin-collagen sponge.These are not the first trials to fail to show efficacy.Dr Corn cites 2 positive European trials. 2,3However, the study by Eklund et al was negative as indicated by its authors who wrote that their " . . .prospective, randomized study showed no significant difference between infection rates in the two groups." 2 To Corn's main point, it is unlikely that wetting of the sponge for 1 to 2 seconds had any effect on its efficacy.Serum gentamicin levels obtained in our study patients (Figure 3 in the article) were similar and even slightly higher compared with those obtained at the same points in patients from the positive study by Friberg et al. 3,4 This argues against there being significant loss of gentamicin when the sponge is wet immediately prior to implantation and, in our opinion, is unlikely to be an explanation for our trial's negative result.We agree with Dr Friberg and colleagues that their trial and ours show a high incidence of sternal wound infections despite routine care; therefore, there is an unmet need for new effective strategies.Although the use of this drug appears to be straightforward, a learning curve may be involved.Our study, however, was not designed to address this particular question.In clinical practice, the sponge is intended for use by a wide variety of surgeons, most of whom will do a limited number of cases per year.
REAMPUTATIONS
Authors: A. E. Maylard
Journal: BMJ (1917)

August 25th, has forestalled me in a contribution upon the subject of reamputations which I had proposed sending you.But a few additional remarks may serve to support his opinions, as well as to indicate wlhat appear to me some advantages in the metlhod I practise.He acknowledges the difficulty of obtaining efficient O igli saws.I have always used the chain saw; and the method of its employment is.as-follows: An incision of required extent-two to three or four inches-is, in the case of the tlhiglh, carried up the outer side of the limb, and hard down to the portion of the bone it is designed to remove.This incision may or may not divide vessels that may need to be ligatured.By means of an aneurysm needle curved laterally a silk suture is carried round the femur at the level at which the bone is to be sawn through.This can be fairly easily effected by forcibly retracting the walls of the incision.Thie silk suture is disconnected
Reports of the St. Andrews Institutes for Clinical Research, St. Andrews, Fife. Vol. II.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Announcement</i>: World Malaria Day — April 25, 2017
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

World Malaria Day is commemorated each year on April 25, the date in 2000 when leaders of 44 African nations met in Abuja, Nigeria, and committed their countries to reducing the number of malaria-related deaths. Approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in Africa (1). During the last 15 years, donors have collectively supported the procurement and distribution of billions of insecticide-treated bed nets and courses of artemisinin-based combination therapy globally. These improvements in malaria control are estimated to have saved an estimated 6.8 million lives, mostly among children aged <5 years. From 2010 to 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the estimated number of malaria deaths worldwide declined by approximately 60%, including a 69% decline among children aged <5 years (1). This year, as in 2016, the theme of World Malaria Day is "End Malaria for Good," reflecting the increased interest in and commitment to eliminating malaria.
Trichinosis: A Point Source Outbreak
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heart Failure in the Elderly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients15 October 2002Heart Failure in the ElderlySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00001 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Heart failure is an inability of the heart muscle to pump blood through the heart in a normal manner. It is one of the most common and serious illnesses in the United States, particularly in older adults. Typically, heart failure occurs when the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) do not fill or empty blood properly. Problems with abnormal filling are often called diastolic heart failure, while problems with abnormal emptying are called systolic heart failure. Older adults often have heart failure with abnormal filling and normal emptying ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Outcome of Congestive Heart Failure in Elderly Persons: Influence of Left Ventricular Systolic Function. The Cardiovascular Health Study.” It is in the 15 October 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 631-639). The authors are JS Gottdiener, RL McClelland, R Marshall, L Shemanski, CD Furberg, DW Kitzman, M Cushman, J Polak, JM Gardin, BJ Gersh, GP Aurigemma, and TA Manolio.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOutcome of Congestive Heart Failure in Elderly Persons: Influence of Left Ventricular Systolic Function: The Cardiovascular Health Study John S. Gottdiener , Robyn L. McClelland , Robert Marshall , Lynn Shemanski , Curt D. Furberg , Dalane W. Kitzman , Mary Cushman , Joseph Polak , Julius M. Gardin , Bernard J. Gersh , Gerard P. Aurigemma , and Teri A. Manolio Metrics 15 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 8Page: I-26KeywordsBloodDeath ratesEchocardiographyElderlyHeartHeart failureLungsMyocardiumThoraxUltrasound imaging ePublished: 15 October 2002 Issue Published: 15 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endometriosis
Authors: Alan N. Peiris, Ellen Chaljub, Dillon Medlock
Journal: JAMA (2018)

EndometriosisEndometriosis is a common condition in women.The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus (womb); this tissue normally cycles through stages of growth and shedding during the menstrual cycle.Endometriosis occurs when the endometrium is present outside the usual location.Endometriosis may occur in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, or other parts of the uterus.Rarely, endometriosis may occur in the abdomen and lungs.Endometriosis is common among women of reproductive age.An estimated 11% of women in the United States may have endometriosis.Women without prior pregnancies, women with a family history of endometriosis, and women with abnormal menstrual periods are more likely to have endometriosis.
A Case of Myocarditis Associated With IDDM
Authors: Takehiko Mokuno, Yoshikuni Sawai, Naohisa Oda, Toshiki Mano, Nobuki Hayakawa, Ritsuko Kato, Yasutoshi Itoh, Keiko Shimazaki, Motoko Kotake, Akira Nakai, Shinya Hiramitsu, Mitsuyasu Itoh, Shinichiro Morimoto, Akio Nagasaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) complicated by acute myocarditis, which was confirmed by cardiac biopsy. A 26-year-old man was hospitalized with severe DKA. On admission, nonspecific ST-T change was noted on the electrocardiogram (ECG). The patient's levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were slightly elevated, but he did not complain of chest discomfort or symptoms of heart disease. On the first day after admission, ST-T elevation was noted on ECG during treatment of DKA. By cardiac angiography and cardiac biopsy, coronary heart disease was ruled out and postmyocarditic change was histologically confirmed. An episode of upper respiratory viral infection before the onset of acute diabetes suggested that the patient suffered from viral-induced myocarditis and consequent development of IDDM. This possibility was confirmed by the clinical course of ECG change, with elevated CPK and lactate dehydrogenase and a slightly elevated antibody titer for echovirus.
THE NEW NAVY IN ITS MEDICAL ASPECT.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The physician who would be considered a well-informed man in his community, can not be indifferent to public affairs, national and international, State and municipal, and a good citizen takes part in discussing the progress of the Nation among other nations. In the absence of war, the several countries of the civilized world are devoting themselves to the preparation for war, and the engrossing topic today, in our own land as in others, is the creation of what is called a new Navy, and naturally the medical aspect of this new establishment is that which particularly engages the medical man. Hence, the report of the Acting Chief of the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery to the Secretary of the Navy will be read by him to whom battle-ships, citadels, redoubts, superstructures, minor turrets and the like are unintelligible terms. It is gratifying to learn that the Naval Hospitals "are now
Prostaglandin Hydroperoxidase-Catalyzed Activation of Certain N-Substituted Aryl Renal and Bladder Carcinogens
Authors: T. V. Zenser, S. M. Cohen, M. B. Mattammal, R. W. Wise, N. S. Rapp, B. B. Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Certain carcinogens are thought to induce renal and bladder cancer following metabolic activation. We propose a model system for this activation and provide supporting experimental evidence. This model proposes that renal and bladder carcinogens' entry into the urinary tract is facilitated, that carcinogens are activated by the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase (PES), and that activation results in covalent binding to nucleic acids which can initiate carcinogenesis. Benzidine and the 5-nitrofuran HMN were shown to inhibit uptake of organic anions and cations, respectively. Carcinogen binding to DNA was dependent upon specific unsaturated fatty acid substrates and prevented by specific inhibitors of PES, i.e., aspirin. Activation with organic peroxides or H2O2 was inhibited by antioxidants but not aspirin. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) metabolized benzidine but not ANFT. Acetaminophen and the 5-nitrofurans ANFT and HMN prevented PES 14C-benzidine metabolism. However, only acetaminophen inhibited HRP metabolism of benzidine. The only aerobic metabolism we have observed of 5-nitrofurans is PES-catalyzed. Aspirin (0.5% in the diet) inhibited rat bladder hyperplastic lesions induced by feeding 0.1% or 0.2% FANFT for 6 or 12 weeks. Aspirin reduced bladder prostaglandin synthesis and PES metabolism of FANFT. After one year of an ongoing long-term study, gross examination reveals bladder tumors in 85% of the rats fed 0.2% FANFT and in only 37% of the rats fed FANFT plus 0.5% aspirin.
Dianhydrogalactitol and radiation therapy. Treatment of supratentorial glioma
Authors: R. T. Eagan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dianhydrogalactitol was the most active of 177 agents tested against a mouse ependymoblastoma tumor. We conducted a prospectively randonized trial comparing whole-brain irradiation alone vs identical irradiation plus dianhydrogalactitol in 42 patients with grade 3 and 4 supratentorial astrocytomas. Patients receiving dianhydrogalactitol in addition to irradiation had a significantly longer median survival time (67 vs 35 weeks) than did patients receiving only irradiation. The major toxic effect of dianhydrogalactitol is hematologic suppression of a cumulative nature. Dianhydrogalactitol may play an important role (in conjunction with radiation therapy) in the initial treatment of patients with supratentorial glioma. Our data may indicate that the mouse ependymoblastoma system is a useful screen for agents to be used in the treatment of human glioma. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2046-2050, 1979)
Sr90-Y90 Beta-Ray (and Bremsstrahlung) Depth-Dose Measurements in Lucite
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Data in: A 37-Year-Old Man Trying to Choose a High-Quality Hospital: Review of Hospital Quality Indicators
Authors: Richard Piekarz, Ari Zivotofsky
Journal: JAMA (2010)

onstrated in rabbinic decisions.For example, bullfighting has been prohibited, with an admonishment that even attending such events erodes a compassionate nature and implants a sense of accepting cruelty (Yechaveh Da'at 3:66).However, this principle is not unlimited; for example, a 1978 ruling determined that medical animal experimentation is permitted even if it causes pain to the animal because of the overriding human need (Tzitz Eliezar 14:68).
Hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease. Epidemiology and trends in the United States, 1975 to 1981
Authors: A. E. Washington
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To assess trends in hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the United States for 1975 through 1981, we analyzed data from the Hospital Discharge Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Overall, both the estimated number and rate of hospitalizations for PID among women aged 15 to 44 years rose slightly. For the seven-year period, an estimated average of 267,200 women were hospitalized annually for PID, with hospitalization rates averaging 5.3 per 1,000 women. Risk of hospitalization for PID was greatest among women in their 20s. Divorced or separated women were considerably more likely to have been hospitalized than single or married women. Although nonwhite women had estimated average rate 2.5 times higher than for white women, the trend of hospitalizations for PID among nonwhite women appeared relatively stable while the trend among young white women showed measurable increases. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2529-2533)