tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peptide YY (PYY) Gene Polymorphisms in the 3′-Untranslated Region and Proximal Promoter Regions Regulate Cellular Gene Expression and PYY Secretion and Metabolic Syndrome Traits in Vivo
Authors: Pei-an Betty Shih, Lei Wang, Stephane Chiron, Gen Wen, Caroline Nievergelt, Manjula Mahata, Srikrishna Khandrika, Fangwen Rao, Maple M. Fung, Sushil K. Mahata, Bruce A. Hamilton, Daniel T. O'Connor
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Abstract Rationale Obesity is a heritable trait that contributes to hypertension and subsequent cardiorenal disease risk; thus, the investigation of genetic variation that predisposes individuals to obesity is an important goal. Circulating peptide YY (PYY) is known for its appetite and energy expenditure-regulating properties; linkage and association studies have suggested that PYY genetic variation contributes to susceptibility for obesity, rendering PYY an attractive candidate for study of disease risk. Design To explore whether common genetic variation at the human PYY locus influences plasma PYY or metabolic traits, we systematically resequenced the gene for polymorphism discovery and then genotyped common single-nucleotide polymorphisms across the locus in an extensively phenotyped twin sample to determine associations. Finally, we experimentally validated the marker-on-trait associations using PYY 3′-untranslated region (UTR)/reporter and promoter/reporter analyses in neuroendocrine cells. Results Four common genetic variants were discovered across the locus, and three were typed in phenotyped twins. Plasma PYY was highly heritable (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and genetic pleiotropy was noted between plasma PYY and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.03). A PYY haplotype extending from the proximal promoter (A-23G, rs2070592) to the 3′-UTR (C+1134A, rs162431) predicted not only plasma PYY (P = 0.009) but also other metabolic syndrome traits. Functional studies with transfected luciferase reporters confirmed regulatory roles in altering gene expression for both 3′-UTR C+1134A (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and promoter A-23G (P = 0.0016). Conclusions Functional genetic variation at the PYY locus influences multiple heritable metabolic syndrome traits, likely conferring susceptibility to obesity and subsequent cardiorenal disease.
Physician's management of the psychological aspects of rape
Authors: C. A. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

RAPE IS reported to be the fastestgrowing violent crime,<sup>1</sup>and it is estimated that one of six women will be raped in her lifetime.<sup>2</sup>Because of the increasing frequency of rape and accompanying severe emotional and physical trauma, the physician should be able to be sensitive to the psychological needs of the rape victim. This article discusses the psychological sequelae of rape and provides guidelines on how to lessen the psychological trauma, so that the rape victim will be able to better cope with this devastating experience. <h3>Post-traumatic Stress Disorder</h3> Many rape victims may suffer from a post-traumatic stress disorder. This is defined in the third edition of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III)</i><sup>3</sup>as the development of characteristic symptoms after the experiencing of a psychologically traumatic event or events outside the range of human experience usually considered to be normal. The characteristic symptoms
THE VIRUS ETIOLOGY OF HUMAN LEUKEMIA
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Physical Condition of the Muscles during Myalgia
Authors: T. Inman
Journal: BMJ (1860)

palpitations, etc., quietly disappear, and the patients after a time leave the Hospital, with the belief that they are cured of their disease.Then, once more they return, as they must, to their labours, and once more these labours, and the other attendant circumstances of their condition, provoke the rapid recurrence of the evils, which they vainly hoped they had for ever left behind them, when they quitted the Hospital.From such persons prognosis has nothing favourable to offer.
Books Received
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tissue Tregs
Authors: Marisella Panduro, Christophe Benoist, Diane Mathis
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2016)

The immune system is responsible for defending an organism against the myriad of microbial invaders it constantly confronts. It has become increasingly clear that the immune system has a second major function: the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. Foxp3 + CD4 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important contributors to both of these critical activities, defense being the primary purview of Tregs circulating through lymphoid organs, and homeostasis ensured mainly by their counterparts residing in parenchymal tissues. This review focuses on so-called tissue Tregs. We first survey existing information on the phenotype, function, sustaining factors, and human equivalents of the three best-characterized tissue-Treg populations—those operating in visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the colonic lamina propria. We then attempt to distill general principles from this body of work—as concerns the provenance, local adaptation, molecular sustenance, and targets of action of tissue Tregs, in particular.
Selective renal artery embolization. Treatment of acute renovascular hypertension
Authors: D. M. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A critically ill patient with severe renovascular hypertension following surgical repair of an aortic dissection was treated by percutaneous selective embolization of the ischemic kidney. Correction of the hypertension and subsequent complete recovery of the patient resulted. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1534-1535, 1977)
Prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: D. S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Absolute deficiency of insulin no longer is considered the principal cause of ketoacidosis. A combination of pathogenic mechanisms includes (1) relative insulin deficiency, (2) stress hormone excess, (3) fasting, and (4) dehydration. Prevention of any one or more of these mechanisms will reverse or lessen the rate of metabolic decompensation. Several important metabolic parameters must be monitored at frequent intervals to permit rational, preventive therapy. The flow sheet to be maintained by the patient should include body weight, temperature, respiratory rate, level of consciousness, degree of ketonuria, and degree of glycosuria. If the patient exhibits decreased mental status, more than 5% loss of body weight, or respirations more than 36/min, hospitalization is indicated. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2455-2458, 1979)
De Mussis and the great plague of 1348. A forgotten episode of bacteriological warfare
Authors: V. J. Derbes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Efforts to defeat the enemy by deliberate spread of contagious disease among his forces greatly antedate the brilliant advances in microbiological science of the 19th and 20th centuries. A major instance, related by Gabriel de Mussis, was the hurling of plague-infected cadavers over the walls of Caffa in 1346. Another episode was described by the eminent historian Varillas,<sup>1</sup>who writes: At his unsuccessful siege of Carolstein in 1422, Corbut caused the bodies of his soldiers whom the besieged had killed to be thrown into the town as well as 2,000 cartloads of excrement. A great number of the defenders fell victim to the fever which resulted from the stench, and the remainder were only saved from death by the skill of a rich apothecary who circulated in Carolstein remedies against the poison which infected the town. Caffa, whose siege de Mussis describes, is presentday Feodosia, a seaport of South
Prevention of rubella transmission in medical facilities
Authors: W. L. Greaves
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The widespread use of rubella vaccine in the United States has dramatically decreased the number of rubella cases and has prevented epidemics. Nevertheless, outbreaks of rubella continue to occur in medical facilities and have become important in the transmission of the disease. Control of outbreaks requires isolation of infectious patients, assignment of immune staff only to infectious patients, exclusion from work of infectious personnel, special follow-up of pregnant women and exposed persons, and the rapid vaccination of susceptible staff. Implementation of hospital rubella prevention programs is preferable to controlling an outbreak. The vaccination of all susceptible personnel provides the opportunity for preventing rubella outbreaks, disruption of hospital services, and fetal rubella infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:861-864)
Distribution of Salmonella enterica isolates from human cases in Italy, 1980 to 2011
Authors: C Graziani, L Mughini-Gras, S Owczarek, AM Dionisi, I Luzzi, L Busani
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We describe trends of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from humans in Italy from January 1980 to December 2011. A total of 229,279 Salmonella isolates were reported during this period. Serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Infantis, Derby, 4,[5],12,:i:-, and Napoli accounted for 135,783 (59%) of these isolates. Temporal trends from 2000 to 2011 varied by serovar: Enteritidis and Infantis decreased significantly (with a mean of -3.0% and -2.8% isolates per year, respectively, p<0.001); Typhimurium remained stable; while 4,[5],12:i:-, Derby and Napoli increased significantly (+66.4%, p<0.001; +8.1%, p<0.001; and +28.2%, p<0.05, respectively). Since 2000, Enteritidis fell consistently below Typhimurium, which is the most reported serovar in Italy in contrast to the international situation where Enteritidis still ranks at the top despite its significant decrease. Most serovars showed a marked seasonality, increasing over the summer months and peaking in August/September. Typhimurium, 4,[5],12:i:-, and Napoli were most likely to be isolated from children, whereas Enteritidis, Derby, and Infantis from adults. We conclude that the applied control measures are not equally efficient against the considered Salmonella serovars and that sources of infection other than those of Enteritidis (laying hens and eggs) have become increasingly important. Further investigations on the emerging serovars and on the causes related to their emergence are needed to define and implement newly tailored control measures.
High HBsAb titers consistent across 3 lots of the trivalent HepB vaccine, Sci-B-Vac: Results from the second pivotal phase 3 double-blind, randomized controlled trial designed to assess the lot-to-lot consistency of Sci-B-Vac in adults (CONSTANT)
Authors: Adam Finn, Timo Vesikari, Pierre Van Damme, Isabel Leroux-Roels, Geert Leroux-Roels, Nathan Segall, Azhar Toma, Naveen Garg, Gerald Vallieres, Ronnie Aronson, Dennis Reich, Hamilton Sah, Samir Arora, Peter Ruane, Corey Anderson, Clancy Cone, Michael P. Manns, Catherine Cosgrove, Saul Faust, Maheshi Ramasamy, Nathalie Machluf, Johanna Spaans, Bebi Yassin-Rajkumar, David Anderson, Vlad Popovic, Francisco Diaz-Mitoma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Raloxifene is widely used in primary care to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene can also protect women from breast cancer, and worked as well as tamoxifen in a large trial. Credit: JAMA Nearly 20 000 postmenopausal women with a high risk of breast cancer—mostly with a family history—took raloxifene or tamoxifen for a mean of four years. About the same proportion in each group developed invasive breast cancer (4.3 per 1000 and 4.41 per 1000 respectively; risk ratio 1.02 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.28)), although the researchers found a trend towards fewer non-invasive cancers among women taking tamoxifen. Raloxifene was associated with slightly fewer thromboembolic events and cataracts. The researchers were hoping that raloxifene would be kinder on the endometrium than tamoxifen, and they did find a substantially lower incidence of endometrial hyperplasia among women taking raloxifene (0.16; 0.09 to 0.29). But the hoped for reduction in uterine cancers failed to reach statistical significance (0.62; 0.35 to 1.08 for women taking raloxifene). Women and their doctors have been slow to accept the idea of chemoprevention of breast cancer—possibly because they see tamoxifen as cancer chemotherapy. Raloxifene looks like an effective but more familiar alternative. More than half a million American women are already taking it. JAMA 2006;295: 2727–41 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Researchers studying whether condoms protect women against human papillomavirus infection had to mail more than 24 000 letters to find 150 young women who had not yet had sex (or had had their first sex less than two weeks before). Their sample size got even smaller after excluding the 65 women who did not have sex during the study period either. The researchers finally managed to analyse data from 82 women who had their first sexual encounter during the study. The women kept fortnightly diaries of their sexual activities and were screened … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.295.23.joc60074%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16754727%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.295.23.joc60074&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16754727&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F333%2F7557%2F37.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000238389700028&link_type=ISI
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Distraction/compression osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov device
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Italian multicenter phase III randomized study of cisplatin-etoposide with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC): GOIRC-AIFA FARM6PMFJM trial.
Authors: Marcello Tiseo, Luca Boni, Francesca Ambrosio, Andrea Camerini, Editta Baldini, Saverio Cinieri, Francesca Zanelli, Efisio Defraia, Matteo Brighenti, Lucio Crino, Claudio Dazzi, Carmelo Tibaldi, Gianni Michele Turolla, Vito D'Alessandro, Nicoletta Zilembo, Anna Rita Trolese, Francesco Grossi, Ferdinando Riccardi, Andrea Ardizzoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

8513 Background: Neo-angiogenesis is particularly abundant in SCLC and associated with poor prognosis. Considering promising signals in phase II studies, a randomized phase III trial was designed to assess the efficacy of adding bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-etoposide for treatment of extensive disease (ED) SCLC. Methods: Patients were randomized to receive either etoposide 100 mg/m2 i.v. and cisplatin 25 mg/m2on days 1-3 (or carboplatin AUC 5 in day 1) (arm A) or same chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg i.v. on day 1 (arm B), every 3 weeks and for a maximum of 6 courses; in the absence of progression after 6 cycles patients in arm B continued bevacizumab alone until progression or for a maximum of 18 courses. The primary end-point was overall survival (OS). Results:From November 2009 to October 2015, a total of 204 patients were randomized in the two arms (103 in arm A vs. 101 in arm B); 198 patients were considered in intention-to-treat analysis (102 in arm A and 96 in arm B; 6 patients did not receive the assigned treatment). Patients characteristics were: 68% and 70% male, 89% and 93% PS 0-1 patients in arm A and B, respectively; median age was 64 years (range 41-81). Concerning the hematological toxicity, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two arms; concerning the non-hematological toxicity, only hypertension was more frequent in arm B (grade 3-4 1% vs. 6% of patients; p = 0.033); no grade 3-4 proteinuria or hemorrhage was registered. At a median follow-up of 35 months, median PFS was 5.7 vs. 6.7 months (HR: 0.72; 95%CI 0.54-0.97; p = 0.030), median OS was 8.9 vs. 9.8 months and 1-year survival rate was 25% vs. 37% (HR: 0.78; 95%CI 0.58-1.06; p = 0.113) in arm A and B, respectively. Conclusion: The addition of bevacizumab to platinum-etoposide in the first-line treatment of ED SCLC leads to a statistically significant improvement in PFS, with an acceptable toxicity profile. However only a not statistically significant increase in OS was observed. Further research in the area of angiogenesis therapy of SCLC is warranted. Clinical trial information: 2007-007949-13.
Reproductive toxicology. Lead acetate trihydrate.
Authors: James Lamb, Dushyant Gulati, Harlal Choudhury, Robin Chambers, K Poonacha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Pb(C2H302)2 .3H20Lead acetate trihydrate (PbA) is used in manufacturing other lead salts, in the textile industry, and in veterinary medi- cine.It was tested for reproductive toxicity in Swiss CD-I mice, using the RACB protocol (Morrissey et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 13:747-777 [1989]).From data in the literature, levels of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% in water were selected for the continuous breeding phase of the study.For the first generation (Task 2), mortalities were elevated at all doses.In controls animals, 3 males and 4 females (3M/4F) died, while in low, medium, and high doses, OM/12F, 1M/16F, and 16M/17F died, respectively.This excessive mortality con- founds the interpretation of the other data.In the low and middle dose groups, the deaths occurred late in Task 2, while the high dose deaths occurred throughout Task 2. The following number of pairs could still contribute data for Task 2: 36, 19, 10, and 4, from the control to high dose groups, respectively.Reproductive toxicity was observable at all dose levels.The number of litters per pair was reduced by 29 and 58% in the middle and high dose groups.The number of live pups per litter was also reduced in | Estrous cycle length_ _= Affected sex? Female
THE EXCLUSION OF CONSUMPTIVE IMMIGRANTS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: R. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Reply Get access R. Marks R. Marks Monash University Department of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, Australia 3181 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 2, 1 August 1987, Page 262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04127.x Published: 01 August 1987
BTS Asthma Guidelines
Authors: Hansell Dm, Wells Au
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Book notices 91% (compared with 87% for the whole group).The logic behind their supposition that the accuracy of high resolution CT scanning would be diminished if only applied to cases which are biopsy proven is not clear.They might have supposed that only cases with atypical clinical presentation or radiographic features were confirmed by biopsy (in our practice some patients with typical fibrosing alveolitis may undergo biopsy for the evalu- ation of disease activity).In any event, we can dismiss the suggestion that including "biopsy unproven" cases in our study resulted in an overstatement of the accuracy of high resolution CT scanning in making the diagnosis of fibrosing alveolitis.