tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Membrane Transport of Thyroid Hormones and Its Role in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Bioavailability
Authors: G. Hennemann
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

Although it was originally believed that thyroid hormones enter target cells by passive diffusion, it is now clear that cellular uptake is effected by carrier-mediated processes. Two stereospecific binding sites for each T4 and T3 have been detected in cell membranes and on intact cells from humans and other species. The apparent Michaelis-Menten values of the high-affinity, low-capacity binding sites for T4 and T3 are in the nanomolar range, whereas the apparent Michaelis- Menten values of the low-affinity, high-capacity binding sites are usually in the lower micromolar range. Cellular uptake of T4 and T3 by the high-affinity sites is energy, temperature, and often Na+ dependent and represents the translocation of thyroid hormone over the plasma membrane. Uptake by the low-affinity sites is not dependent on energy, temperature, and Na+ and represents binding of thyroid hormone to proteins associated with the plasma membrane. In rat erythrocytes and hepatocytes, T3 plasma membrane carriers have been tentatively identified as proteins with apparent molecular masses of 52 and 55 kDa. In different cells, such as rat erythrocytes, pituitary cells, astrocytes, and mouse neuroblastoma cells, uptake of T4 and T3 appears to be mediated largely by system L or T amino acid transporters. Efflux of T3 from different cell types is saturable, but saturable efflux of T4 has not yet been demonstrated. Saturable uptake of T4 and T3 in the brain occurs both via the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Thyroid hormone uptake in the intact rat and human liver is ATP dependent and rate limiting for subsequent iodothyronine metabolism. In starvation and nonthyroidal illness in man, T4 uptake in the liver is decreased, resulting in lowered plasma T3 production. Inhibition of liver T4 uptake in these conditions is explained by liver ATP depletion and increased concentrations of circulating inhibitors, such as 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid, indoxyl sulfate, nonesterified fatty acids, and bilirubin. Recently, several organic anion transporters and L type amino acid transporters have been shown to facilitate plasma membrane transport of thyroid hormone. Future research should be directed to elucidate which of these and possible other transporters are of physiological significance, and how they are regulated at the molecular level.
Treating the intoxicated adolescent. A need for comprehensive services
Authors: J. N. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Intoxicated adolescents seen in hospital emergency departments are frequently treated for their immediate complaints, but fail to have follow-up assessments for underlying alcohol/drug abuse and/or psychosocial problems. We undertook a prospective study of 171 acutely intoxicated adolescents (12 to 18 years of age) admitted to the emergency department of the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison. A comparison group randomly selected from the community demonstrated that the emergency department patients were at a significantly higher risk for alcohol and polydrug abuse and psychological dependency. To adequately serve this potentially high-risk group, follow-up assessment must be done, including the gathering of in-depth information regarding legal, psychosocial, and alcohol/drug use status. This study indicates that the general hospital, with its 24-hour emergency department services and other resources, can play a vital role not only in the crisis management of intoxicated adolescents, but in their follow-up, assessment, and, when indicated, appropriate referral for treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1884-1888)
APPENDICITIS
Authors: R. M. Harbin
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In a communication inThe Journal, March 17, page 862, Frederick L. Hoffman states that the question is being raised "as to whether many of the operations for appendicitis are justified and necessary." That can be easily answered by clinicians. Obviously an unnecessary appendectomy as evidenced by the absence of gross infection would hardly be a factor in increasing the death rate, as corroborated by the accompanying table of cases of acute appendicitis, which shows 1,084 clean cases or closed incisions with one death. This table shows but little change in the death rate from year to year and the same observation may be made in many well ordered clinics where intelligent classifications are made. In the main, surgical practice still adheres to convictions formed over a decade ago after much controversy on this particular point; that is, to operate when a reasonable diagnosis has been made.
LAY DISTRUST AND ENMITY OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analyzing the Genes and Peptide Growth Factors Expressed in Lung Cells in Vivo Consequent to Asbestos Exposure and in Vitro
Authors: Arnold R. Brody, Jing-Yao Liu, David Brass, Miriam Corti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Inhalation of fibrogenic particles causes injury to the bronchiolar-alveolar epithelium.Consequently, there is a rapid proliferative response as the epithelium recovers and interstitial mesenchymal cells divide and produce connective tissue.In our model of brief (5-hr) exposure to chrysotile asbestos (-1000 fibers/cc) in rats and mice, these events result in focal scarring at the bronchiolar-alveolar duct junctions in a histopathologic pattern identical to that seen in asbestos-exposed individuals.After 3 consecutive days of exposure, these lesions persist for at least 6 months postexposure.We postulate that cell proliferation and production of extracellular matrix is mediated in large part by three peptide growth factors, transforming growth factors alpha and beta (TGF-c and -P), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-and B-chains.To test this hypothesis in part, we have asked whether the genes that code for these growth factor proteins are activated at sites of asbestos-induced lung injury.If these genes were not activated, it would be reasonable to suspect that other potent growth factors and cytokines released during lung injury could be the primary mediators of fibroproliferative lung disease.In the studies reported here, we show, by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry, that the four genes and their concomitant proteins are expressed within 24 hr in the bronchiolar-alveolar epithelium and underlying mesenchymal cells.RNase protection assay and ISH showed that the PDGF gene was upregulated during the first 5 hr of exposure and all the gene products remained above control levels for at least 2 weeks postexposure.TGF-a is a potent mitogen for epithelial cells, whereas the PDGF isoforms are potent growth factors for mesenchymal cells.TGF-j retards fibroblast growth but stimulates extracellular matrix synthesis.Further studies using gene knockouts, appropriate antibodies, or antisense technology will be necessary to prove whether any of the growth factors are playing a significant role in fibrogenic lung disease.In addition, we have carried out a series of studies using type 11 alveolar epithelial cells purified from adult mouse lungs and maintained for up to 8 weeks in serum-free culture.These cells exhibit high transepithelial resistance values and they release TGF-,1 and -P2.This cell type also has been cultured from TGF-a knockout mice, resulting in monolayers with increased transepithelial resistance.This combination of studies in vivo and in vitro will allow us to pursue the mechanisms through which growth factors mediate lung
Endotoxin Intolerance Studied
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROPOSED MEDICAL LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Self-portrait
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spicy food and the stomach. Evaluation by videoendoscopy
Authors: D. Y. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We used videoendoscopy to investigate the effect of eating spicy foods on the gastric mucosa. We employed four meals: a bland meal of unpeppered steak and french fries (negative control), a bland meal with 1950 mg of aspirin (positive control), a spicy Mexican meal (30 g of jalapeño peppers), and a pepperoni pizza. Twelve subjects (eight men and four women, aged 24 to 43 years) were studied in a randomized, crossover trial with the test meal given at the noon and evening meals; each subject received all four test meals. Each study consisted of a baseline endoscopy, which was repeated approximately 12 hours after the last test meal. Gastric and duodenal damage was scored using a modification of the Lanza scale. Eleven of 12 individuals taking the bland meal plus aspirin developed multiple gastric erosions (median score, C; which equates with "severe" injury). In contrast, the median endoscopic score for the other three meals was O. Single cases of a single erosion were present after the Mexican meals and after the pizza meals. Another experiment was done to examine the effect of spices directly on the gastric mucosa; approximately 30 g of fresh jalapeño peppers was ground in a food processor and then placed directly into the stomach. Endoscopy after 24 hours revealed no visible mucosal damage. The ingestion of highly spiced meals by normal individuals is not associated with endoscopically demonstrable gastroduodenal mucosal damage. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3473-3475)
A Manual of Obstetrics.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of variceal bleeding with band ligation
Authors: F DE, M PRIMIGNANI
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Why are some educated youths continuously fascinated with K-pop despite the increasing anti-Korean sentiment in China? In this study, I explore this puzzle to address the relationship between fans’ contextualized subjectivities and their choice of cross-border fan object. Bridging transcultural fan studies with the sociology of taste, I draw upon the concepts of cultural homology and cultural distinction to conduct a thematic analysis of the taste discourses emerging in the K-pop groups on Douban (www.douban.com). The findings show how this transcultural taste arises from the symbolic fit between the polysemic K-pop text and Chinese followers’ neoliberal aesthetics of idol cultures that value idols’ professional self-development and fans’ consumerist autonomy. These aesthetics are reiterated in K-pop followers’ attempt to reconcile their taste and national loyalty in strategic patriotic performances that negotiate between the official and popular nationalisms in China. The online talk of K-pop is also a process of distinction through which those fans confirm their shared subjectivity by critiquing the domestic mass culture and distinguishing themselves from the nationalist C-pop consumers. Chinese fans’ taste for K-pop, as I conclude, symbolically articulates these educated youths’ condition as neoliberal patriotic subjects in China's transitions to authoritarian capitalism.
β-Amyloid Dynamics in Human Plasma
Authors: Yafei Huang, Rachel Potter, Wendy Sigurdson, Tom Kasten, Rose Connors, John C. Morris, Tammie Benzinger, Mark Mintun, Tim Ashwood, Mats Ferm, Samantha L. Budd, Randall J. Bateman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)
The Vibrios
Authors: Charles W. Fifield
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cholera, it seems, is becoming a world-wide, rather than just an Asian problem. However, a related vibrio,<i>Vibrio parahemolyticus,</i>which has much the same etiology, and triggers symptoms that are similar and sometimes as severe, is actually the major cause of gastroenteritis in many countries. Wherever investigators have looked for the organism, they have found it. Isolates have been reported for Ceylon, the Hawaiian archipelago, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Shanghai, China, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Investigators have found similar organisms in the United States, but these are still under investigation. It has been estimated that<i>V parahemolyticus</i>is responsible for 50% to 60% of the "summer diarrhea" in such countries as Japan, and present cholera vaccines afford no immunity against it. Although neither<i>V comma nor V parahemolyticus</i>are the problem in the United States that they are in parts of the world where sanitation and
Improving advance directive completion rates on an inpatient oncology unit.
Authors: Navin Dhingra, Susan McInnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e18829 Background: Assessing the end-of-life preferences of patients and providing care congruent with their values produces important improvements in clinical care. Completion of advanced directives is an important aspect of this process, however, advanced directive completion rates have much room for improvement. Estimates suggest a completion rate of any advanced directives is about 36.7 percent nationally and completion rates for the healthcare power of attorney (HC-POA) is about 33.4 percent. In an effort to improve care at our institution we started a 12-week quality improvement project seeking to improve HC-POA completion rates in an inpatient oncology unit with an embedded palliative care consultant. Methods: For this project we used a Lean A3 quality improvement approach. We created a value stream map of addressing HC-POA’s and implemented countermeasures to help improve the process. The countermeasures included 1) education of patients, nursing staff, case management, and social workers regarding importance of completing the HC-POA, 2) clarifying the roles of each member of the team, 3) implementing the use of a discussion script with patients to regarding the HC-POA, and 4) tracking and reviewing HC-POA completion rates of each patient during multidisciplinary rounds each morning. During this process we tracked HC-POA completion rates through the EPIC electronic medical record system. Results: Our baseline data showed a HC-POA completion rate of 30% for the patients prior to starting our project. Following implementation of the first 3 countermeasures we found an increase in the HC-POA completion rate to 39%. After implementing the fourth countermeasure, the HC-POA completion rate improved to 65%. Conclusions: We found some improvement in completion rates when educating the patients and caregivers involved about importance of completing their HC-POA, clarifying the roles of each member of the team, and implementing the use of a discussion script with patients. After we incorporated tracking and reviewing HC-POA completion on each patient during multidisciplinary rounds we saw more significant improvements in our completion rates. Sustainability as well as reproducibility on other units in the hospital remains to be seen.
An anesthetized model of lethal canine galactosamine fulminant hepatic failure*1
Authors: T SIELAFF
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A reproducible large animal model of fulminant hepatic failure was developed in the anesthetized dog by the administration of the amino sugar D-galactosamine. Galactosamine in 5% dextrose in water (D5W), was given as an intravenous bolus to 10 young male dogs weighing 27 to 30 kg. Three dogs that received an equal volume of D5W alone served as controls. Galactosamine at 0.5 g/ kg (n = 5) produced significant biochemical evidence of liver injury with 100% survival at 48 hours. Galactosamine 1.0 g/kg (n = 5) yielded in 100% 48-hour mortality resulting from fulminant liver failure characterized by a progressive increase in liver enzymes, total bilirubin, ammonia, and lactate and associated coagulopathy, hypoglycemia, coma, and increased intracranial pressure. Necropsy showed liver pallor, ascites, and brain swelling. Liver histology showed significant hepatocellular necrosis. This clinically relevant large animal model will enable the quantitative evaluation of new technologies, such as the bioartificial liver, for the support of hepatic failure in humans.
Commentaire de travail de S. Carrara et al., pp. 759
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided application of a new internally gas-cooled radiofrequency ablation probe in the liver and spleen of an animal model: a preliminary studyEndoscopy 2008; 40(09): 759-763DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077520
Is your trial registered?
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

In 2004, the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) announced that registration of clinical trials would be a precondition of consideration for publication in any of their medical journals [1]. The purpose of this initiative was to prevent selective publication of clinical studies and to ensure transparency of medical research that involved experimental interventions in humans. In recent years, clinical trial registration has gained substantial acceptance thoughout the medical community and several clinical trial registries have been established. The largest of these, the ClinicalTrials.gov database in the United States, now contains information about more than 100 000 clinical trials from around the world [2].