tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COMMERCIALISM IN MEDICAL EDUCATION.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1672: The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of sorafenib after intravenous administration in non-human primates
Authors: AeRang Kim, Cindy McCully, Rafael Cruz, Diane E. Cole, Elizabeth Fox, Frank M. Balis, Brigitte C. Widemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that targets intracellular and receptor protein kinases thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis and growth of many tumors including brain tumors. Sorafenib is FDA approved for advanced renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical trials in primary and metastatic brain tumors are ongoing. We evaluated the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics (PK) of sorafenib after an intravenous (IV) dose in a non-human primate (NHP) model. Methods: Sorafenib 7.3 mg free base equivalent/kg was administered as a 1h IV infusion in 20% cyclodextrin and normal saline to 3 NHP with IV catheters and Ommaya reservoirs. Serial paired plasma and CSF samples were drawn over 24h for PK analysis. Sorafenib was quantified with a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay. The lower limit of quantification for plasma and CSF was 5 ng/mL and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively. PK parameters were estimated using non-compartmental methods. CSF penetration was calculated from the AUC CSF : AUC plasma. Plasma free drug exposures (AUC) were calculated from published values for human plasma protein binding (99.5%). Results: IV administration of sorafenib was well tolerated in the NHP without evidence of clinical toxicity. The PK parameters of sorafenib in NHP for plasma and CSF are described in the table below. The mean CSF penetration of sorafenib was 0.02%. When corrected for plasma protein binding, the mean CSF penetration was 3.4%. Conclusions: Sorafenib is well tolerated in NHP and measureable in CSF after an IV dose. The CSF penetration of sorafenib is limited relative to total and free drug exposure in plasma.Plasma and CSF PK of sorafenib in NHPAnimalCmax plasma [µg/mL]Clearance [mL/min/kg]AUC 0-24h plasma [µg•h/mL]Cmax CSF [µg/mL]AUC 0-24h CSF [µg•h/mL]CSF penetration [%]17.62.231.20.000450.00420.01326.42.029.60.000580.00660.02233.41.323.20.000460.00340.015Mean5.81.728.00.000500.00480.02SD2.10.54.30.000070.00160.005 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1672.
Fraternity hazing revisited through a drawing by George Bellows
Authors: M. L. Taff
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN 1985, Leslie et al<sup>1</sup>described a series of 168 cases of injuries and deaths related to fraternity hazing activities occurring in the United States between 1923 and 1982. This was the first article in the literature to address the medical hazards of fraternity hazing. Hazing has reportedly existed on the campuses of American universities since the mid-19th century, but documentation of a specific incident was unavailable at the time of the original research. The extent of hazing-related injuries and deaths is still unknown because of concealment of the activity by student participants and lack of recognition by professionals who treat students for a variety of injuries of undetermined origin. The types of injuries previously reported included those from blunt force (beatings, paddling, motor vehicle crashes, pedestrian accidents, and falls from height), burns (including chemical burns, branding, and immolation), cold exposure, heat exhaustion, acute ethanol intoxication, food and laxative
Chronic Hypervitaminosis A in an Adult
Authors: Robert J. Di Benedetto
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Fatigue, musculoskeletal symptoms, skin changes, anorexia, weight loss, and hepatomegaly are the major manifestations of chronic hypervitaminosis A. Withdrawal of vitamin A results in complete recovery. This case is added to the 11 others previously documented in an attempt to stress the importance of earlier diagnosis and increased awareness.
Antiarrhythmic Properties of Lidocaine and Procaine Amide
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P238: Distribution of Aortic Plaque by Sex and Age Among Community-dwelling Adults: A Framingham Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Saadia Qazi, Philimon N Gona, Noriko Oyama-Manabe, Carol J Salton, Christopher J O’Donnell, Warren J Manning, Michael L Chuang
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Aortic plaque can be seen on noncontrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. We sought to determine the prevalence, distribution and burden, or quantitative amount, of CMR-detected thoracic (TAP) and abdominal (AAP) aortic plaque in a community-dwelling cohort of adults. Methods: 1794 Framingham Offspring cohort members underwent ECG-gated, fat-suppressed, T2-weighted TSE black blood aortic CMR at 1.5T: 1.03 x 0.64-mm pixels, 5-mm slice thickness. We obtained 12 thoracic (above diaphragm, 1-cm interslice gap) slices and 24 abdominal (below diaphragm/above aortic bifurcation, 5-mm gap) slices. Plaque protruding ≥1mm into the lumen was traced on each slice and summed to determine AAP and TAP burdens. Participants were stratified by sex and 10-year age groups. We tabulated number of persons with prevalent (i.e. &gt;0) AAP and TAP and tested for trend (Cochrane-Armitage) across age groups. Among those with plaque&gt;0, we determined upper 90th percentile (P90) plaque burden, if the sex/age-group had ≥20 persons with prevalent plaque (we felt calculations based on N&lt;20 would be speculative at best). Results: Complete aortic studies were available on 1726 adults aged 65±9y (47% men). AAP was more prevalent than TAP: 359/806 (44.5%) men and 430/920 (46.7%) women had AAP, p=0.26; 72/806 (8.9%) men and 65/920 (7.1%) women had TAP, p=0.15. The Table shows sex-specific distributions and burdens of plaque by age-group, where +AAP (+TAP) indicates abdominal (thoracic) aortic plaque is present. Prevalence of both AAP and TAP increased monotonically with age (p&lt;0.0001) in both sexes. Burden of AAP at the P90 level also increased monotonically with age. Conclusions: Among middle-aged and older community dwelling adults, AAP is seen on noncontrast CMR in 45.7%, while TAP is less prevalent at 7.9%. Prevalence of aortic plaque did not differ between men and women and increases with age in both sexes. Burden (amount) of AAP also increases with greater age.
Abstract 14578: A Meta-analysis of Global Longitudinal Strain as a Predictor of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Severe, Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Stefanie Furlan, Leonardo Tamariz, Robert Chait
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The timing of surgical intervention in aortic stenosis (AS) is critical. Guidelines recommend aortic valve replacement in severe, asymptomatic AS with an ejection fraction (EF) less than 50%. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a relatively novel way to identify left ventricular dysfunction by measuring myocardial strain. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a measurement of deformation of the myocardium, and is considered a more sensitive marker for left ventricular dysfunction than EF. Hypothesis: Our aim was to determine if abnormal GLS predicts poor outcomes in severe, asymptomatic AS patients with a preserved EF. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane (2000 to 2015), supplemented by manual bibliographies of key relevant articles. We selected all cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in which GLS was measured and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reported. In the case-control studies, we calculated the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) of GLS between those with MACE and those without MACE. In cohort studies, we calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for incident MACE by using the fixed effects method. Results: Our search strategy identified 3 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and included 370 AS patients. Of the 3 studies, all reported data using a case-control design and 2 reported data using a cohort design. The median age of AS patients included was 72.6 years old, the median indexed aortic valve area was 0.44 (cm 2 /m 2 ), and the median ejection fraction was 64.2 (%). Of the 370 patients included in the analysis, 183 had MACE. Case-control studies revealed a pooled GLS SMD of 0.5 (95% CI: 0.30-0.69, p&lt;0.01) for patients with MACE compared to those without MACE. Cohort studies revealed a RR of MACE of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.59-2.69, p&lt;0.01) for those with abnormal GLS compared to those normal GLS. Conclusions: AS patients with a more positive global longitudinal strain value were more likely to have a major adverse cardiac event despite having a preserved EF and absence of symptoms. Therefore, if abnormal GLS is detected, earlier surgical intervention should be considered in severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis.
Still
Authors: George F. Blackall
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Oncology Research Program
Authors: Mario Pineda, Robert Lurie, Jamie Sherr
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

The goal of the Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) is to provide readers with more information on the ORP, including studies currently accruing patients.For more information on specific trials, including patient selection criteria, please use the contact information listed with each study.
Breakfast and Crohn's disease.
Authors: A H James
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Britain this solution is called Synthamin.Recently minor elevations of serum bilirubin concentration and major elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino- transferase activities have been observed in six patients receiving this solution following surgery of the head and neck.These patients did not have evidence of metastatic disease and no abnormalities have been observed in patients undergoing similar operations who did not receive nutritional support.However, the same type of biochemnical abnormalities have been seen in a patient receiving the intravenous amino-acid solution Vamin.Furthermore, 15 patients who received a nasogastric diet based on the beef protein derivatives Albumaid or Serameen and the glucose polymer Caloreen showed the same biochemical response.This latter observation would suggest that cholestasis occurring in patients receiving intravenous nutrients is unlikely to be due to a lack of stimulation of bile flow by food in the gut.Are these changes due to the absence of some dietary component or presence of some chemical agent that is common to artificial diets whether given intravenously or by the nasogastric route ?These results will be reported in detail elsewhere.
Comparing physician workforce reform recommendations
Authors: M. L. Rivo
Journal: JAMA (1993)

LAST year, four respected policymaking bodies released reports calling for physician workforce and medical education reform.<sup>1-4</sup>These reports reflect widespread consensus that the physician workforce, in both numbers and competencies, does not match well with the nation's health care needs. They further point out that the United States has neither a national physician workforce plan nor a health care reimbursement and medical education financing strategy to correct the deficiencies. These independently developed reports also demonstrate striking convergence on the major directions for physician workforce reform (see Table on next page). Each group proposed a series of national goals or targets for the appropriate physician supply, specialty mix, and distribution. They recommended that the proportion of generalist physicians (defined as family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians) should be significantly increased, the workforce should be better geographically distributed, and the current physician-to-population ratio should be maintained currently at 253 physicians
EASL–EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

EASL–EORTC Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) define the use of surveillance, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies recommended for patients with this type of cancer. This is the first European joint effort by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) to provide common guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. These guidelines update the recommendations reported by the EASL panel of experts in HCC published in 2001 [1].
Abstract 3782: β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Positively Modulates Pro-Survival Kinases and Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction during Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Giovanni Fajardo, Mingming Zhao, Gerald Berry, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Daniel Bernstein
Journal: Circulation (2008)

β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) modulate cardioprotection through crosstalk with multiple pathways. We have previously shown that β2-ARs are cardioprotective during acute exposure to Doxorubicin (DOX). DOX cardiotoxicity is mediated through a Ca 2+ -dependent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPT) and mitochondrial dysfunction, however the upstream signals linking cell surface receptors and the MPT are not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess crosstalk between β2-AR signaling and mitochondrial function in DOX toxicity. DOX 10 mg/kg was administered to β2−/− and WT mice. Whereas there was no mortality in WT, 85% of β2−/− mice died within 30 min (n=20). Pro- and anti-survival kinases were assessed by immunobloting. At baseline, β2−/− showed normal levels of ϵPKC, but a 16% increase in δPKC compared to WT (p&lt;0.05). After DOX, β2−/− showed a 64% decrease in ϵPKC (p&lt;0.01) and 22% increase in δPKC (p&lt;0.01). The ϵPKC activator ΨϵRACK decreased mortality by 40% in β2−/− mice receiving DOX; there was no improvement in survival with the δPKC inhibitor δV1–1. After DOX, AKT activity was decreased by 76% (p&lt;0.01) in β2−/− but not in WT. The α1-AR blocker prazosin, inhibiting signaling through Gαq, restored AKT activity and reduced DOX mortality by 47%. We next assessed the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in β2−/− mediated DOX toxicity. DOX treated β2−/− mice, but not WT, show marked vacuolization of mitochondrial cristae. Complex I activity decreased 31% in β2−/− mice with DOX; but not in WT. Baseline rate of Ca2+ release and peak [Ca2+]i ratio were increased 85% and 17% respectively in β2−/− myocytes compared to WT. Verapamil decreased mortality by 27% in DOX treated β2−/− mice. Cyclosporine, a blocker of both MPT and calcineurin, reduced DOX mortality to 50%. In contrast, FK506, a blocker of calcineurin but not the MPT, did not reduce DOX mortality. Cyclosporine prevented the decrease in AKT activity in β2−/− whereas FK506 did not. These findings suggest that β2-ARs modulate pro-survival kinases and attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction during DOX cardiotoxicity; absence of β2-ARs enhances DOX toxicity via negative regulation of survival kinases and enhancement of intracellular Ca2+, sensitizing mitochondria to opening of the MPT.
End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A prognostic indicator for survival
Authors: A. B. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The effectiveness of ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts is difficult to evaluate. Recent studies suggest that carbon dioxide excretion may be a useful noninvasive indicator of resuscitation from cardiac arrest. A prospective clinical study was done to determine whether end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be used as a prognostic indicator of resuscitation and survival. Thirty-five cardiac arrests in 34 patients were monitored with capnometry during cardiopulmonary resuscitation during a 1-year period. Nine patients who were successfully resuscitated had higher average end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation than 26 patients who could not be resuscitated (15±4 vs 7±5 mm Hg). The 3 patients who survived to leave the hospital had a higher average end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure than the 32 nonsurvivors (17 ± 6 vs 8 ± 5 mm Hg). All 9 patients who were successfully resuscitated had an average end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure of 10 mm Hg or greater. No patient with an average end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure of less than 10 mm Hg was resuscitated. Data from this prospective clinical trial indicate that findings from end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are correlated with resuscitation from and survival of cardiac arrest. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1347-1351)
Peridural effusion of drugs following sympathetic blockade
Authors: J. A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Lumbar, paravertebral sympathetic block injections with a lidocaine and contrast solution resulted in significant peridural spread of contrast solution. Bilateral, extensive peridural effusion was demonstrated by multiple roentgenographic techniques. Preliminary studies indicate that agents used in stellate block procedures also extend to the peridural space. These studies cast doubt on the specificity of sympathetic blockade techniques. The findings offer an explanation for some of the sensory and motor phenomena resulting from sympathetic blocks. Neurolytic drugs used in large volumes for sympathetic blocks cannot be assumed to always produce their effects by acting within the area of injection. Sympathetic block procedures are useful for diagnosis and treatment; however, the volume of injected agent used in sympathetic block procedures should be limited, and increased vigilance for complications which may result should be practiced.
Government Services
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Elucidating the Function of Secreted Maspin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

the article on elucidating the function of secreted Maspin in the April 15, 2007 issue of Cancer Research (1), the paragraph entitled ''Cell culture'' on page 3535 should have read as follows:Cell culture.Two normal human mammary epithelial cells (N1330 HMEC and HMEpC) were from BioWittaker, Inc. (Walkersfield, MD) and Cell Applications, Inc. (San Diego, CA) and were maintained in defined mammary epithelial cell medium provided by the respective companies.All other cell lines used were maintained in RPMI containing 10% FCS.Cultures were determined to be Mycoplasma-free using the GeneProbe rapid detection system.
International Conference on Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article International Conference on Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 1, January 1977, Page 163, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.1.163-a Published: 01 January 1977