tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Causes and Prevention of Cancer: Gaining Perspective
Authors: Bruce N. Ames, Lois S. Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Epidemiological studies have identified several factors that are likely to have a major effect on reducing rates of cancer: reduction of smoking, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, and control of infections.Other factors include avoidance of intense sun exposure, increased physical activity, and reduced consumption of alcohol and possibly red meat.Risks of many types of cancer can already be reduced, and the potential for further reductions is great.In the United States, cancer death rates for all cancers combined are decreasing, if lung cancer (90% of which is due to smoking), is excluded from the analysis.We review the research on causes of cancer and show why much cancer is preventable.The idea that traces of synthetic chemicals, such as DDT, are major contributors to human cancer is not supported by the evidence, yet public concern and resource allocation for reduction of chemical pollution are very high, in part because standard risk assessment uses linear extrapolation from limited data in high-dose animal cancer tests.These tests are done at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and are typically misinter- preted to mean that low doses of synthetic chemicals and industrial pollutants are relevant to human cancer.About half the chemicals tested, whether synthetic or natural, are carcinogenic to rodents at such high doses.Almost all chemicals in the human diet are natural.For example, 99.99% of the pesticides we eat are naturally present in plants to ward off insects and other predators.Half of the natural pesticides that have been tested at the MTD are rodent carcinogens.Cooking food produces large numbers of natural dietary chemicals.Roasted coffee, for example, contains more than 1000 chemicals: of 27 tested, 19 are rodent carcinogens.Increasing evidence supports the idea that the high frequency of positive results in rodent bioassays is due to testing at the MTD, which frequently can cause chronic cell killing and consequent cell replacement-a risk factor for cancer that can be limited to high doses.Because default risk assessments use linear extrapolation, which ignores effects of the high dose itself, low-dose risks are often exaggerated.
Prognostic judgments of gastroenterologists, medical students, and college undergraduates. A comparison of reliability in cases of Laennec's cirrhosis
Authors: D. J. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Twenty gastroenterologists, medical students, and college undergraduates placed 20 case histories of Laennec's cirrhosis in rank order in terms of favorability of immediate prognosis. From these data, three sets of prognostic scale scores were computed. There was a marked similarity between the prognostic scale scores of the medical students and college undergraduates on patients with a favorable prognosis (relative to the judgments of the gastroenterologists). The prognostic scale scores of the medical students agreed much more clearly with those of the gastroenterologists, as contrasted with the college undergraduates, in cases of poor prognosis. The implications for research of this nature were discussed.
Criteria for the Determination of the Normal and Leukotic State in Cattle2
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Journal Article Criteria for the Determination of the Normal and Leukotic State in Cattle Get access Prepared by an International Committee on Bovine Leukosis Prepared by an International Committee on Bovine Leukosis Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 41, Issue 1, July 1968, Pages 243–263, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/41.1.243 Published: 01 July 1968 Article history Received: 06 February 1968 Accepted: 07 February 1968 Published: 01 July 1968
Erratum: Antidepressant, anxiolytic and anorectic effects of a melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor antagonist
Authors: B. Borowsky, M.M. Durkin, K. Ogozalek, M.R. Marzabadi, J. DeLeon, R. Heurich, H. Lichtblau, Z. Shaposhnik, I. Daniewska, T.P. Blackburn, T.A. Branchek, C. Gerald, P.J. Vaysse, C. Forray
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Selected Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue Access Provided by Korea Advanced Inst of Science & Tech (KAIST) JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account
Transplantation
Authors: Paul S. Russell, Henry J. Winn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Immunogenetics and Tissue Typing in ManThe antigenic polymorphism discussed in the first section of this review is maintained through the action of many genes at a number of different loci. Analysis of the mode of transmission and mechanisms of action of these genes constitutes a formidable problem.The availability of highly inbred mouse strains has permitted a formal genetic analysis of histocompatibility in that species, in which 15 independent loci have been positively identified and partially characterized.55 Of these, the H-2 locus and its associated antigenic specificities constitute the most thoroughly studied histocompatibility system in any species. The present . . .
Cancer genomics-based screening of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for lung cancer.
Authors: Yataro Daigo, Atsushi Takano, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

12078 Background: As the number of lung cancer patients who show objective response to standard therapies is still small, development of new anti-cancer drugs with minimum risk of adverse events and highly sensitive and specific cancer biomarkers is urgently awaited. Methods: We have been screening new molecular therapeutic targets and their companion biomarkers for lung cancer as follows; i) To identify up-regulated genes in lung cancers by the gene expression microarray, ii) To verify the candidate genes for their low expression in normal tissues, iii) To validate the clinicopathological significance of their protein expression by tissue microarray covering 385 lung cancers, and iv) To verify their function for the growth/survival/invasion of cancer cells by siRNAs. Results: We identified various candidate oncoproteins and selected a serine/threonine phosphatase LAPP1 (lung cancer-associated protein phosphatase 1). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that LAPP1 was expressed in 253 of 385 (65.7%) lung cancer tissues but not in healthy lung epithelia. LAPP1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis for lung cancer patients (P< 0.0001), and multivariate analysis confirmed its independent prognostic value. Further analysis identified EF1D (a cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene) as a LAPP1-interacting protein that was highly expressed in lung cancers. Suppression of LAPP1 or EF1D expression by siRNAs inhibited cell growth, whereas exogenous expression of LAPP1 in EF1D(+) cells elevated the dephosphorylation of EF1D(+), and subsequent increase of active phospho-AKT. Blocking this interaction by a cell-permeable peptide corresponding to a leucine zipper motif in EF1D destabilized EF1D protein and inhibited cancer cell growth and invasion. Conclusions: Cancer genomics approach could facilitate the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid drugs, and cancer vaccines.
THE TYPHOID EPIDEMIC AT BUTLER, PA.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of tips on gut microbiota and its relationship with postoperative hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Menghao Li, Kai Li, Shihao Tang, Zhengyu Wang, Ying Zhu, Yong Lv, Qiuhe Wang, Xulong Yuan, Tainlei Yu, Wengang Guo, Jing Niu, Wei Bai, Chuangye He, Bohan Luo, Xiaomei Li, Jing Li, Shuai Guo, Enxin Wang, Dongdong Xia, Zhexuan Wang, Jie Yuan, Na Han, Zhanxin Yin, Guohong Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Mortality from pneumonia and risk conditions during influenza epidemics. High influenza morbidity during nonepidemic years
Authors: A. B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Increases in mortality from pneumonia and high-risk chronic diseases have not occurred during recent influenza epidemics. Excess mortality during the past four influenza epidemics in the United States is attributable to influenza reported as a primary cause of death, and the average excess was only about 4,000 deaths per epidemic. Most clinical influenza severe enough to cause hundreds of millions of days of bed disability during nonepidemic as well as epidemic years is not caused by the influenza viruses. During the nonepidemic year of 1973 to 1974, there were 61,841,000 episodes of clinical influenza severe enough to put people to bed for an average of 3.6 days. In my judgment there is now no basis for recommending annual administration of influenza vaccines to so-called high-risk groups and persons over 64 years of age. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2823-2828, 1977)
Abstract 1154: DCLK1 monoclonal antibody-based CAR-T cells as novel treatment strategy against multiple myeloma
Authors: Sripathi M. Sureban, Robert Berahovich, Hua Zhou, Shirley Xu, Lijun Wu, Vita Golubovskaya, Dongfeng Qu, Randal May, Edwin Bannerman-Menson, Courtney W. Houchen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, and is the second most common hematological cancer. Cellular therapies including chimeric antigen T receptor cell (CAR-T) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat this devastating disease. MM are derived from a rare population of cancer stem cells (CSC) that are responsible for initiation, progression, resistance to conventional therapy and recurrence. To date there have been no CAR-T therapies directed at CSC-specific antigens. In this report, we describe the effects of a novel CAR-T targeting the CSC marker DCLK1 on MM cells. Using mouse models, it has been demonstrated that DCLK1 marks the cell of origin of colon and pancreatic cancers. DCLK1 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and its upregulation is associated with poor overall survival in many cancer subtypes. Inhibition of DCLK1 activity following RNA silencing resulted in tumor xenograft growth arrest. These features lead us to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting DCLK1+ cells in MM. In order to create a novel DCLK1 CAR, we generated a new humanized DCLK1 monoclonal antibody, clone CBT-15 #8. This antibody recognizes a small extra cellular C-terminal epitope on human isoform 2 and 4 of DCLK1. Novel DCLK1 CAR-T cells containing the clone were generated and detected with anti-human FAB antibody by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we observed cell surface expression of DCLK1 on &amp;gt;93 percent of MM Cells (RPMI8226) by flow cytometry. The CAR-T cells had significantly higher cytotoxicity in MM (RPMI8226 and MM1S) cells than in leukemia K562 cells. The CAR-T cells secreted significantly higher levels of IFN-γ in vitro than T cells (p=0.0036). Further studies are underway to determine its efficacy in inhibiting tumor xenografts in vivo. This report is the first to link the TSC marker DCLK1 to MM and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for MM and other hematologic malignancies. Citation Format: Sripathi M. Sureban, Robert Berahovich, Hua Zhou, Shirley Xu, Lijun Wu, Vita Golubovskaya, Dongfeng Qu, Randal May, Edwin Bannerman-Menson, Courtney W. Houchen. DCLK1 monoclonal antibody-based CAR-T cells as novel treatment strategy against multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1154.
Carcinoma of the stomach in a child
Authors: W. L. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THERE are few well-documented cases of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in children less than 16 years of age. We recently treated an 11-year-old girl who had cancer of the gastric pylorus that mimicked a benign pyloric-channel ulcer. She is the subject of the following case report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-year-old Korean-American child was well until September 1972 when she had a two-week history of vomiting, abdominal pain, and dark stools. She also complained of weakness and general malaise. The child was pale, thin, and tired. Her abdomen was flat without palpable masses, but there was slight tenderness to deep palpation in the epigastrium. Results of the rest of the examination were normal. The hemoglobin level was 5 gm/100 ml. The stools reacted strongly for occult blood. The total bilirubin level was 3 mg/100 ml, and the alkaline phosphatase level was mildly elevated. An upper gastrointestinal roentgenographic series disclosed
Penetration into the stomach. A complication of the antireflux prosthesis
Authors: C. Lackey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN 1979, Angelchik and Cohen<sup>1,2</sup>described a prosthesis for the control of gastroesophageal reflux. It consists of a ring-shaped silicone elastomer shell filled with highly cross-linked silicone gel. The prosthesis is placed around the esophagus below the diaphragm and tied with a Dacron strap. We wish to report a complication of the device. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In January 1982, a 72-year-old man came to our institution with intermittent dysphagia of three months' duration, which in the previous two weeks had progressed until he could swallow liquids only. In 1976, he had undergone a vagotomy, hemigastrectomy, and Billroth II anastomosis for a bleeding duodenal ulcer. In January 1981, he began to experience difficulties with nocturnal shortness of breath and paroxysmal coughing spells. The following April he was hospitalized at another institution for these symptoms with a diagnosis of "acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." During that hospitalization, he
Inorganic Arsenic: A Need and an Opportunity to Improve Risk Assessment
Authors: W. R. Chappell, B. D. Beck, K. G. Brown, R. Chaney, C. Richard Cothern, K. J. Irgolic, D. W. North, I. Thornton, T. A. Tsongas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

This paper presents views on the current status of (inorganic) arsenic risk assessment in the United States and recommends research needed to set standards for drinking water. The opinions are those of the Arsenic Task Force of the Society for Environmental Geochemistry and Health, which has met periodically since 1991 to study issues related to arsenic risk assessment and has held workshops and international conferences on arsenic.The topic of this paper is made timely by current scientific interest in exposure to and adverse health effects of arsenic in the United States and passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendment of 1996, which has provisions for a research program on arsenic and a schedule mandating the EPA to revise the maximum contaminant level of arsenic in drinking water by the year 2001. Our central premise and recommendations are straightforward: the risk of adverse health effects associated with arsenic in drinking water is unknown for low arsenic concentrations found in the United States, such as at the current interim maximum contaminant level of 50 microg/l and below. Arsenic-related research should be directed at answering that question. New epidemiological studies are needed to provide data for reliable dose-response assessments of arsenic and for skin cancer, bladder cancer, or other endpoints to be used by the EPA for regulation. Further toxicological research, along with the observational data from epidemiology, is needed to determine if the dose-response relationship at low levels is more consistent with the current assumption of low-dose linearity or the existence of a practical threshold. Other recommendations include adding foodborne arsenic to the calculation of total arsenic intake, calculation of total arsenic intake, and encouraging cooperative research within the United States and between the United States and affected countries.
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Transrectal ultrasonography in prostatic cancer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis A and B in the family unit. Nonparenteral transmission by asymptomatic children
Authors: T. M. Vernon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis A among members of an adoption organization implicated recently arrived Vietnamese orphans as the source of infection. A serologic study disclosed a 27% prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among Vietnamese orphans and a 23.1% (6 of 26) prevalence of hepatitis B antibody among American children of adopting families. Five of the six antibody-positive American children were in families with HB<sub>s</sub>Ag-positive orphans. Thus, healthy orphans from high hepatitis incidence areas may transmit hepatitis B, as well as hepatitis A, in the family unit. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2829-2831, 1976)
THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Whole body retention in rats of different 191Pt compounds following inhalation exposure.
Authors: W Moore, M Malanchuk, W Crocker, D Hysell, A Cohen, J F Stara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The whole body retention, excretion, lung clearance, distribution, and concentration of 191Pt in other tissues was determined in rats following a single inhalation exposure to different chemical forms of 191Pt. The chemical forms of 191Pt used in study were 191PtCl4, 191Pt(SO4)2, 191PtO, and 191Pt metal. Immediately after exposure most of the 191Pt was found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Movement of the 191Pt through the gastrointestinal tract was rapid, most of the 191Pt being eliminated within 24 hr after exposure. Lung clearance was much slower, with a clearance half-time of about 8 days. In addition to the lungs, kidney and bone contained the highest concentrations of 191Pt.