tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Nepal
Authors: Mark A. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1984)

An epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis occurred in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during 1981-1982, with approximately 7.6% of households and 1.4% of individuals affected. Cases occurred preponderantly in the 15- to 34-year-old age group (70%), with most cases (75%) occurring in males. A high mortality rate (21%) occurred in pregnant women admitted to the hospital. No single water source was implicated, but epidemic peaks occurred during monsoon rains, and multiple opportunities for enteric transmission existed. One of eight patient stools examined by immune electron microscopy revealed aggregated, antibody-coated, 27-nm viruslike particles when convalescent serum samples were used as sources of antibody. Inoculation of two chimpanzees and four marmosets with a suspension of this stool resulted in elevated liver enzyme activity in three marmosets. Fecal excretion of 27-nm particles during the acute phase of disease (with temporally coincident antigen activity by radioimmunoassay) was observed in one marmoset, which also developed convalescent antibody against the particles in the original inoculum. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3140-3145)
General Council of Medical Education and Registration. Winter Session, 1893
Journal: BMJ (1893)

tality and puerperal suffering.Anything that lessens the sense of personal responsibility on the part of the medical attendant is bound to interfere witlh that result.Althouglh we are obliged to differ from Dr. Playfair on certain points, we do not forget hiow much the profession is indebted to him for lhaving directed attention to a possible source of danger to puerperal women; and to the need for more careful and direct supervision, by properly constituted authorities, of our domestic sanitary arrangements.-Weare, etc.,
Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism of Xenobiotics
Authors: Rajendra S. Chhabra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

There are five possible processes of intestinal absorption of xenobiotics. These are active transport, passive diffusions, pinocytosis, filtration through "pores," and lymphatic absorption. The passive diffusion is major process for transport of foreign chemicals across the intestine. Though the lymphatic absorption of drugs is not of any major therapeutic significance, the uptake of toxic chemicals such as 3-MC, benzpyrene, and DDT through lymphatics may enhance their toxicity, since they are distributed to other organ systems in the body without being metabolized by liver. A number of factors such as diet, motility of intestine, interference with gastrointestinal flora, changes in the rate of gastric emptying, age of the animal, and dissolution rate of xenobiotic can alter the rate of absorption of chemicals. Liver is the major site of metabolism of xenobiotics, but the contribution of intestinal metabolism of xenobiotic can influence the overall bioavailability of chemicals. The xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes located in endoplasmic reticulum of intestine possess biochemical characteristics similar to that of liver. In general, the rate of metabolism of xenobiotics by intestinal microsomal preparation is lower than that observed with similar hepatic microsomal preparations. The in vitro intestinal metabolism of xenobiotics is affected by several factors including age, sex, diurnal variations, species, and nutritional status of the animal. The intestinal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are stimulated by the pretreatment of animals with foreign chemicals, but this depends on the route of administration of chemicals, drug substrate and the animal species used. Rabbit intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes seem to be resistant to induction by foreign chemicals.
Twelfth International Congress of Chemotherapy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Twelfth International Congress of Chemotherapy Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 1, July 1980, Page 211, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.1.211 Published: 01 July 1980
Update: Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome Associated With Ingestion of L-Tryptophan — United States, as of January 9, 1990
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Toxicity of Catalytically Active Zinc Oxides
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and AIDS
Authors: MAJ Stephen P. Blatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 February 1994Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and AIDSMAJ Stephen P. Blatt, MC, USAF and MAJ Craig W. Hendrix, MC, USAFMAJ Stephen P. Blatt, MC, USAFUSAF Medical Center; Lackland Air Force Base; Lackland, TX 78236-5300Search for more papers by this author and MAJ Craig W. Hendrix, MC, USAFUSAF Medical Center; Lackland Air Force Base; Lackland, TX 78236-5300Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Stricker and Elswood suggest the possible use of topical 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to induce allergic contact dermatitis in patients infected with HIV and thereby to modulate the cellular immune response against the virus [1]. Although some evidence suggests that dinitrochlorobenzene may preferentially stimulate a Th1-like cytokine profile in mice [2], no data exist to support such a mechanism in humans. On the contrary, we are concerned about the induction of nonspecific immunologic stimulation in patients infected with HIV because of the overwhelming evidence that immunologic activation is associated with a worsened prognosis in such patients [3]. Nonspecific T-cell activation ...References1. Stricker RB, Elswood BF. Topical dinitrochlorobenzene in HIV disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993; 28:796-7. Google Scholar2. Dearman RJ, Kimber I. Differential stimulation of immune function by respiratory and contact chemical allergens. Immunology. 1991; 72: 563-70. Google Scholar3. Fahey JL, Taylor JM, Detels R, Hofmann B, Melmed R, Nishanian P, et al. The prognostic value of cellular and serologic markers in infection with human immunodeficiency virus type I. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322:166-72. Google Scholar4. Groux H, Torpier G, Monte D, Mouton Y, Capron A, Aneisen JC. Activation-induced death by apoptosis in CD4+ T-cells from human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic individuals. J Exp Med. 1992; 175:331-40. Google Scholar5. Pantaleo G, Craziosi C, Fauci AS. The immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:327-35. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: USAF Medical Center; Lackland Air Force Base; Lackland, TX 78236-5300Disclaimer: The views expressed in this letter are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Defense or other Departments of the U.S. Government. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 343-344KeywordsAIDSAllergensApoptosisCase seriesContact dermatitisCytokinesHIVHIV infectionsHypersensitivityImmune response ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Roentgen Interpretation
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CN-11 * ORTERONEL (TAK-700) AND POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME (PRES)
Authors: D. Macdonald, N. Cothros, H. Conter, K. Potvin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Orteronel (TAK-700), a selective oral nonsteroidal inhibitor of 17 alpha-monooxygenase (17, 20 lyase), blocks androgen synthesis of both gonadal and adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA) and androstenedione, reduces testosterone levels in men on a GnRH agonist, and is under investigation for the treatment of prostate cancer. Common side effects include fatigue, nausea and vomiting, constipation and headache (30 %), and are usually mild. Central nervous system toxicities have not been reported. A 60 year old otherwise well man with locally advanced high-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate (T4, N0, M0; Gleason 9/10) was treated on RTOG study 1115 with biclutamide (androgen receptor inhibitor) 50 mg po daily, leuprolide acetate (GnRH agonist) 22.5 mg sc every 3 months, and orteronel 300 mg po bid. Pelvic radiotherapy (RT) began 2 months later. Near the end of RT he developed intermittent headaches, hypertension and word finding and reading problems. Amlodipine did not improve his symptoms. A CT scan showed white matter hypodensity in the left temporal and parietal region. A MRI showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintense signal with mass effect in the left posterior temporal, parietal and occipital white matter regions, sparing the cortex, with no restricted diffusion or enhancement, and no arterial or venous abnormalities. A diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was made. The orteronel was stopped and the neurological symptoms improved within days. A repeat MRI done 5 weeks later showed marked reduction of white matter abnormalities, with further improvement 3 months later. His symptoms have mostly resolved, but he still describes subtle cognitive problems. This is the first case of PRES associated with orteronel. Patients on orteronel who develop hypertension, headache or neurological symptoms are at risk for PRES. Hypertension should be aggressively treated, and orteronel should be stopped if symptoms persist or PRES is identified on MRI.
Detection of Alterations in Testicular and Epididymal Function in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Rupert P. Amann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The potential impact of an agent altering male reproductive function is greater for humans than for animals. Consequently, it is essential that sensitive criteria be used to look for effects on a multiplicity of target sites when an agent is evaluated using an animal model. No animal model has reproductive characteristics similar to those of humans, but this does not negate the validity of using animal models. Classic methodologies for reproductive toxicology are limited by the approaches used for subjective evaluation of testicular histology and use of natural mating for fertility tests. After dosing for an interval at least equal to six times the duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, sperm from ejaculated semen or the cauda epididymidis can be evaluated for normalcy of morphology or function and should be used for artificial insemination of females to critically evaluate fertility. Normal males of animal models ejaculate a great excess of sperm. A 50 or 90% reduction in the number of fertile sperm deposited during mating probably will not markedly reduce fertility. Artificial insemination of a critical number of sperm, selected to result in slightly less than maximal fertility for control animals, will maximize the probability of detecting a decrease in fertility if the same critical number of sperm is inseminated for treated animals as for control animals. Testicular function should be evaluated by objective, rather than subjective, criteria. For each male, a piece of testicular tissue should be appropriately fixed and an aliquot of parenchyma should be homogenized to allow enumeration of homogenization-resistant spermatids. Among the more sensitive criteria of testicular function are the minor diameter of essentially round seminiferous tubules, the ratio of leptotene spermatocytes to Sertoli cells, the corrected numbers of germ cells per seminiferous tubule cross section, and the number of homogenization-resistant spermatids per testis.
Anabolic steroid use and perceived effects in ten weight-trained women athletes
Authors: R. H. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Ten women athletes who consistently used anabolic steroids were interviewed about their patterns of drug use and the perceived effects. Anabolic steroids were used in a cyclical manner, often with several drugs taken simultaneously. All participants believed that muscle size and strength were increased in association with anabolic steroid use. Most also noted a deepening of the voice, increased facial hair, increased aggressiveness, clitoral enlargement, and menstrual irregularities. The participants were willing to tolerate these side effects but thought that such changes might be unacceptable to many women. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2871-2873)
The Cover
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Medical Mystery
Authors: A M Johnston, A A Memon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1 A 79-year-old woman had had discoloration of her sclerae and skin for several months. What is the cause of the pigmentation? Figure 1 A 79-year-old woman had had discoloration of her sclerae and skin for several months. What is the cause of the pigmentation? Andrew McD. Johnston, M.B., Ch.B.Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom Aamir A. Memon, M.D.Southport and Formby District General Hospital, Southport PR8 6PN, United Kingdom
Unusual neurotoxicity of kanamycin
Authors: F. R. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE ANTIBIOTIC kanamycin sulfate, when administered parenterally, often has a toxic effect on the sensory hair cells of the organ of Corti of the inner ear. Autopsy of the temporal bone in three cases of kanamycin deafness demonstrated degeneration of these hair cells.<sup>1</sup>Studies have shown a similar propensity for the sensory hair cells of animals to degenerate, leaving relatively unscathed the nerve fibers of the eighth cranial nerve.<sup>2</sup>Kanamycin deafness is directly related to the dose administered per day<sup>3</sup>and to the age of the patient.<sup>4</sup> Less frequent neurotoxicity caused by kanamycin includes blurring of vision, paresthesia, and curare-like neuromuscular blockade. In an early series of cases in which 23 of 81 patients receiving parenterally administered kanamycin experienced tinnitus or deafness or both, an additional four patients experienced other neurotoxicity. Two suffered transient blurring of vision; another, numbness and burning pain along the posterior aspect
Hypnotic treatment of smoking: the single-treatment method revisited
Authors: BERNARD BERKOWITZ, ANITA ROSS-TOWNSEND, ROBERT KOHBERGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The authors replicated Spiegel's single-treatment method by treating 40 self-referred patients in a one-hour hypnosis session for smoking. Their results, a 6-month total abstinence rate of about 25%, were comparable with Spiegel's experience. They recommend future studies that include nontreatment control groups to validate the effects of the hypnotic treatment method of smoking.
OC-046 Do Patients With A Previous Normal Colonoscopy Within The United Kingdom Bowel Cancer Screening Program Who Subsequently Have A Positive Fobt Require Repeat Colonoscopy?
Authors: V Sehgal, J Stein, S Bloom, R Vega, S McCartney, A Obichere, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients within the UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) who have a normal colonoscopy are re-invited invited for Faecal Occult Blood test (FOBt) on a 2-yearly interval. If FOBt is positive, they are invited to have a repeat colonoscopy. The general polyp ‘miss rate’ is up to 22% in colonoscopy. Factors contributing to this include poor bowel preparation, rapid withdrawal time and endoscopist inexperience. However, endoscopists within the BCSP are highly skilled and selected following a rigid assessment process and poor bowel preparation is rare. Therefore, we hypothesised that patients who have previously had a normal colonoscopy within the BCSP who subsequently have a positive FOBt are unlikely to have a high-risk polyp or bowel cancer. Excluding these patients may avoid unnecessary invasive investigations and reduce the burden on an ever-stretching BCSP waiting list. We aimed to assess the detection of pathology in patients who have had a previous normal colonoscopy within the BCSP who subsequently have a positive FOBt and attend for repeat colonoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with a previous normal colonoscopy between 2007–2010 who re-attended within the BCSP for colonoscopy after repeat positive FOBt were identified from the UCLH ‘in-house’ BCSP database. The results of the colonoscopy and outcomes were then scrutinised. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1137 patients have had a normal colonoscopy to date within the BCSP and have subsequently been invited to have a repeat FOBt in 2 years time. From the patients who decided to participate in the second round of recruitment, 77 (6.7%) tested positive on FOBt and were invited for repeat colonoscopy. 8 declined another procedure. 6 patients (8%) had low risk adenomas (range 3–6 mm in size, 4 in right colon, 1 in sigmoid and 1 in left colon), all of who were discharged back to 2-yearly FOBt. 3 patients (4%) had hyperplastic polyps, 2 (3%) had inflammatory bowel disease and 58 (85%) had normal examinations. No patients had bowel cancer identified on repeat colonoscopy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> No cases of bowel cancer were detected in FOBt positive patients who have previously undergone a normal colonoscopy within the BCSP. Only 8% of patients undergoing repeat colonoscopy had a low-risk adenoma detected mainly from the right colon. Discharging patients with a normal colonoscopy in the BCSP from further screening would reduce pressure on endoscopy screening units and any potential morbidity associated with the procedure. From this study, excluding such patients could have avoided 20 colonoscopy screening lists (approximately 80 procedures) over 3 years in our unit. If findings are similar in other centres, current national guidelines should be changed. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.