tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between esophageal varices and azygos vein evaluated by cineportography
Authors: T Kimura
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The relationship between esophageal varices and the azygos vein, which is generally considered to drain the major part of the variceal blood flow, was evaluated by percutaneous transhepatic cineportography in 35 patients with portal hypertension. We classified the patients into three groups. Those patients in whom most of the variceal blood drained into the azygos vein were designated the azygos-type group (n = 18). Those in whom most of the blood flowed into the brachiocephalic venous system were defined as the cervical-type group (n = 5), and those in whom the varices were drained by both the azygos vein and the brachiocephalic venous system were called the combined-type group (n = 12). Highly developed esophageal varices were recognized endoscopically in all patients in the combined-type and cervical-type groups, whereas some of the patients in the azygos-type group had less well-developed varices. In the azygos-type group, a tendency for the varices to be more severe as their drainage into the azygos vein became more cephalad was noted. Evaluation of the drainage of esophageal varices was considered useful not only for obtaining full comprehension of the significance of the azygos vein but also for assessing the suitability for sclerotherapy. Percutaneous transhepatic cineportography was useful for this purpose because it enables visualization of even the most minute amounts of blood flow. (HEPATOLOGY 1991; 13:858–864.)
The role of tumor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) polymorphisms in the prediction of clinical outcome for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib.
Authors: Luca Faloppi, Mario Scartozzi, Cristian Loretelli, Maristella Bianconi, Riccardo Giampieri, Alessandro Bittoni, Michela Del Prete, Alessandra Mandolesi, Italo Bearzi, Stefano Cascinu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

208 Background: HCC still represents a medical challenge in cancer therapy. The introduction of new therapies has radically changed the approach to the disease and patients outcome. Currently the therapeutic stronghold is a TKIs directed against the VEGF family sorafenib. Polymorphisms of VEGF and its receptor genes are involved in regulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and thus in growth tumor control. The aim of our study is to evaluate the potential predictive and prognostic role of VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms in determining the clinical outcome of HCC patients receiving sorafenib. Methods: 142 histologic samples (biopsies and surgical specimens) of HCC patients receiving sorafenib were tested for VEGF-A, VEGF-C and VEGFR-1,2,3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Patients time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were analysed. Results: VEGF-A rs25648 polymorphism was statistically significant in OS (15.0 mo for C vs 9.4 for T p=0.025). VEGF-A rs10434 was statistically significant for TTP (4.1 mo for G vs 1.2 for A p=0.0076) and OS (14.2 mo for G vs 1.7 for A p&lt;0.0001). VEGF-C rs7664413 was significant in TTP (13.4 mo for C vs 2.0 for T p=0.0125) and OS (14.7 mo for C vs 5.6 for T p=0.0007). VEGFR2 rs1870377 was significant in TTP (19.9 mo for A vs 3.0 for T p=0.0271) and OS (29.6 mo for A vs 11.9 for T p=0.0096). At multivariate analysis VEGF-C rs7664413 has been confirmed as an independent factor for TTP (HR=0,61) and OS (HR=0,65). Conclusions: In our analysis patients with G polymorphism at rs10434, C polymorphism at rs7664413 and A polymorphism at rs1870377 have a better response (PFS and OS) during treatment with sorafenib. Patients with C polymorphism of rs7664413 and A polymorphism of rs1870377 show a favourable impact in this setting. Notably, VEGFR polymorphism result closely related to the treatment response and the specific signalling of sorafenib. Thus analysis of VEGF and its receptor genes polymorphisms represents a clinical tool to identify patients with favourable response to sorafenib presumably related to a more efficient control of tumor growth.
P0079 : Nucleos(t)ide analogue prophylaxis after hepatitis B immunoglobulin withdrawal is safe and effective against hepatitis B and D recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: E. Cholongitas, T. Vasiliadis, I. Goulis, N. Antoniadis, P. Chalevas, I. Fouzas, D. Giakoustidis, G. Imvrios, O. Giouleme, V. Papanikolaou, E. Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Mechanism of the impairment of the glucagon-stimulated phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression by interleukin-6 in rat hepatocytes: Inhibition of the increase in cyclic 3?,5? adenosine monophosphate and the downstream cyclic 3?,5? adenosine monophosphate action
Authors: B Christ, A Nath, K Jungermann
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In cultured rat hepatocytes, the gluconeogenic key enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK), is induced by glucagon via elevation of cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), which in the liver together with IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α triggers the acute-phase response, had been shown to attenuate the glucagon-induced increase in PCK gene transcription, messenger (mRNA) levels, and enzyme activity. The molecular mechanism of this inhibition was investigated in the present study. Glucagon increased cyclic cAMP and PCK mRNA levels to a transient maximum twofold and fivefold, respectively. The increases were attenuated by IL-6. Forskolin, which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, increased cAMP and PCK mRNA levels 1.6-fold and fivefold, respectively. However, IL-6 attenuated the forskolin- stimulated increase in PCK mRNA but not the increase in cAMP. This showed that IL-6 inhibited PCK mRNA increase in part by the attenuation of cAMP increase, but also beyond cAMP formation. This was confirmed in experiments in which PCK mRNA levels were increased by the nonhydrolyzable cAMP-analogue, chlorophenylthio (CPT)-cAMP. The increase in PCK mRNA was again attenuated by IL-6. In pertussis toxin- and in isobutylmethylxanthine-treated hepatocytes, IL-6 still inhibited the glucagon-stimulated increase in cAMP, indicating that IL-6 did not activate an inhibitory G-protein or phosphodiesterase, which could cause the impairment of cAMP increase. To demonstrate whether the inhibition of PCK gene expression by IL-6 beyond cAMP might be caused by the inhibition of the activation of the PCK gene promoter by cAMP, cultured rat hepatocytes were transfected with a luciferase reporter gene construct under the control of a PCK gene promoter fragment (base −979 to base +32). Luciferase activity was determined after stimulation of the cells with CPT-cAMP in the absence or presence of IL-6. CPT-cAMP increased luciferase activity by 1.7-fold, which was inhibited in the presence of IL-6. It is concluded that IL-6 had a dual inhibitory effect on the stimulation of PCK gene expression by glucagon. It inhibited the increase in cAMP at a site before cAMP formation by adenylate cyclase and at a site after cAMP formation, the activation of the PCK gene promoter by cAMP.
Neuro-Anatomy
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pseudomonas pneumonia associated with use of a home whirlpool spa
Authors: H. D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>PSEUDOMONAS</i>pneumonia is characteristically a hospital-acquired infection in patients with serious underlying disease or impaired host defense mechanisms.<sup>1-3</sup>The appearance of this pneumonia in a previously healthy person residing in a community setting is rare. Only 2% of a normal adult population harbor<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>in their pharynx, the organisms being present in very small numbers.<sup>4</sup>Two of three normal persons with this infection who have been described in detail were bacteremic.<sup>5-7</sup>The source of the organism was never determined in either patient. The pulmonary infection in the third patient apparently arose from the pharyngeal flora that had been altered by the administration of several courses of antibiotics for a mild respiratory tract infection.<sup>7</sup>An acute, nonbacteremic<i>Pseudomonas</i>pneumonia developed in a previously healthy man who apparently acquired the infection during the use of a home whirlpool spa. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 47-year-old man experienced
Endocrine Responsiveness and Tailoring Adjuvant Therapy for Postmenopausal Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: None International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG)
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer is controversial. After demonstrating the efficacy of chemotherapy combined with tamoxifen for postmenopausal patients with lymph node-positive disease, the International Breast Cancer Study Group launched a randomized trial (Trial IX) to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy preceding treatment with tamoxifen for patients with lymph node-negative disease.After stratification by estrogen receptor (ER) status, patients were randomly assigned to receive three 28-day courses of "classical" adjuvant CMF chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1-14, orally; methotrexate at 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, intravenously; and 5-fluorouracil at 600 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, intravenously) followed by tamoxifen (20 mg/day, orally for 57 months) (CMF-->tamoxifen) or to receive tamoxifen alone (20 mg/day, orally for 60 months). We enrolled 1669 eligible patients, 382 (23%) with ER-negative tumors, 1217 (73%) with ER-positive tumors, and 70 (4%) with unknown ER status. The median follow-up was 71 months. All statistical tests were two-sided.The added benefit of CMF followed by tamoxifen over tamoxifen alone was statistically significantly dependent on ER status (tests for interaction: P =.01 for disease-free survival [DFS] and P =.07 for overall survival [OS]). For patients with ER-negative tumors, the addition of CMF statistically significantly improved DFS (5-year DFS = 84% for CMF-->tamoxifen versus 69% for tamoxifen alone; difference = 15%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6% to 24%; risk ratio [RR] = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.79; P =.003) and OS (5-year OS = 89% for CMF-->tamoxifen versus 81% for tamoxifen alone; difference = 8%; 95% CI = 0% to 16%; RR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.87; P =.01). By contrast, for patients with ER-positive tumors, addition of CMF provided no benefit in terms of DFS (5-year DFS = 84% for CMF-->tamoxifen versus 85% for tamoxifen alone; difference = -1; 95% CI = -6% to 4%; RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.30; P =.92) or OS (5-year OS = 95% for CMF-->tamoxifen versus 93% for tamoxifen alone; difference = 2%; 95% CI = -1% to 5%; RR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.64 to 1.40; P =.80).Postmenopausal patients with lymph node-negative breast cancer benefited substantially from adjuvant chemotherapy if their cancer was ER-negative (i.e., endocrine-nonresponsive). In contrast, if their cancer was ER-positive (i.e., endocrine-responsive), they obtained no benefit from the combination treatment compared with tamoxifen alone.
Hyperamylasemia
Authors: YEN-JEN FUH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 August 1973HyperamylasemiaYEN-JEN FUH, M.D.YEN-JEN FUH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-283_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the paper "Hyperamylasemia with Carcinoma of the Lung" by Dr. R. W. Ammann and his associates (Ann Intern Med78:521-525, 1973). Recently a 73-year-old white man was admitted to our service with severe chronic obstructive airway disease. Because his chief complaint was midepigastric abdominal pain with tenderness, his serum amylase was studied, and during the hospitalization he showed persistent hyperamylasemia. His serum amylase levels ranged from 880 to 2664 Somogyi units, but he did not have hyperamylasuria (his urine amylase levels were only around 33 to 36 units), and his renal function was...References1. BERKKIZUWILDING JHP: Macroamylasemia: a newly recognized cause for elevated serum amylase activity. N Engl J Med 277:941-946, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LEVITTCOOPERLAND MS: Hyperamylasemia from the binding of serum amylase by 115, IgA globulin. N Engl J Med 278:474-479, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WILDINGGEOKASHAVERBACK PMB: Hyperamylasemia due to protein-bound amylase. Am J Med 47:492-496, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. WeissEdmondsonWertman MHM: Elevated serum amylase associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 21:1057-1061, 1951 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. McGeachinAdams RM: Serum amylase and lung cancer. Cancer 10:497-499, 1957 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Polowe D: Blood amylase. Am J Clin Pathol 13:288-301, 1943 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 283-285KeywordsAbdominal painHospitalizationsLung and intrathoracic tumorsUrine Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Et mu
Authors: Conor McDonnell
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatments for Later-Life Depressive Conditions: A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Pharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy
Authors: Martin Pinquart
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: To improve interventions for depressed older adults, data are needed on the comparative effects of pharmacotherapy versus psychotherapy. Given that most older adults with clinically significant depressive symptoms do not have major depression, data on treatments for minor depression and dysthymia are especially needed. Method: Meta-analysis was used to integrate the results of 89 controlled studies of treatments focused on acute major depression (37 studies) and other depressive disorders (52 studies conducted with mixed diagnostic groups, including patients with major depression, minor depression, and dysthymia). A total of 5,328 older adults received pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy in these studies. Results: Clinician-rated depression scores improved, on average, by 0.80 standard deviation (SD) units; self-rated depression scores improved by 0.76 SD units. Clinician-rated depression improved by 0.69 SD units in pharmacotherapeutic studies and by 1.09 SD units in psychotherapeutic studies. Self-rated depression improved by 0.62 SD units and 0.83 SD units, respectively. An interesting finding was the stronger improvements in clinician-rated depression among control subjects participating in medication studies, compared to those in psychotherapeutic studies. Conclusions: Available treatments for depression work, with effect sizes that are moderate to large. Comparisons of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy must be interpreted with caution, in part because medication studies are more likely to use a credible active placebo, which may lead to smaller adjusted effect sizes in medication studies. Given that psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy did not show strong differences in effect sizes, treatment choice should be based on other criteria, such as contraindications, treatment access, or patient preferences.
Family practice
Authors: W. R. Willard
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Ad Hoc Committee on Preparation for Family Practice was appointed by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association in September 1964. It is composed of representatives from the Council on Medical Education, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Academy of General Practice, and the Section on General Practice of the AMA. The Committee was given the following charge: To review present AMA policy regarding the future of family or general practice and to determine whether the goals of such a policy are being achieved. To recommend the educational approach by which present goals may be achieved if they are not being achieved now. To define and recommend the policies by which these goals may be achieved. Previous actions of the AMA's policy-making body, the House of Delegates, have affirmed a conviction of the House—that family practice is important for optimum health care.
"The Expert."
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: Arthur J. McBay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

FATAL barbiturate poisonings precipitate varied and significant medicolegal problems. The initial question that must be resolved is whether the death was actually caused by barbiturate poisoning and whether a suicide, accident or homicide was involved.The analysis of blood not only should reveal the amount of barbiturate but also should identify whether the drug is slow or rapid acting. The reason for this is that about 1 mg. of barbiturate per 100 ml. in the blood may result from ingestion of 15 mg. of phenobarbital four times a day for several days; this amount should produce mild sedation, and the . . .
Peculiarities of Carcinogenesis under Simultaneous Oral Administration of Benzo(a)Pyrene and o-Cresol in Mice
Authors: N. Ya. Yanysheva, N. V. Balenko, I. A. Chernichenko, V. F. Babiy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A modifying influence of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) on the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with combined oral administration to CC57Br mice had been found.During simultaneous administration of o-cresol (1 mg) and BaP (1 mg), the incidence of tumors, the multiplicity of tumors, and the degree of malignancy all increased, but the latency was shortened.When o-cresol was administered before or after BaP (in identical doses), the carcinogenic effect was weakened.When o-cresol (10 mg) and BaP (5 mg) were administered simultaneously, the incidence of malignant tumors was similar to controls receiving BaP only (13.8%), indicating inhibition of carcinogenesis.
Legislation League.
Authors: J. H. Carstens
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Detroit, Mich., July 25, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was pained to see, in to-day'sJournal, a communication from Dr. Donald Maclean opposing the efforts of the Medical Legislative League. Some of his points are very good. We all admit them; but what shall we do? Dr. Maclean has been at the head of the Legislative Committee of the regular State Medical Society for twenty years, and has never accomplished anything. The number of incompetent and irregular practitioners has steadily increased. Illinois, Canada, Indiana and Ohio, in fact, all the surrounding States, have passed laws to regulate the practice of medicine, and the result is that Michigan has been the dumping ground from the surrounding territory. Shall we continue, or make some effort to limit this? In the present state of the public mind we can not pass a law favoring regular practice. We must be liberal and take in