tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measles Vaccination
Authors: A. W. O. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Paclitaxel, a taxane anti-microtubule agent, is known to induce <i>CYP3A</i> in rat and human hepatocytes. Recent studies suggest that a member of the nuclear receptor family, pregnane X Receptor (PXR), is a key regulator of the expression of<i>CYP3A</i> in different species. We investigated the role of PXR activation, in vitro and in vivo, in mediating <i>Cyp3a</i>induction by paclitaxel. Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), an antiglucocorticoid, was employed as a positive control for mouse PXR (mPXR) activation in vitro, and <i>Cyp3a</i> induction in vivo. In cell based reporter gene assays paclitaxel and PCN activated mPXR with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 5.6 and 0.27 μM, respectively. Employing PXR wild-type and transgenic mice lacking functional PXR (−/−), we evaluated the expression and activity of CYP3A following treatment with paclitaxel and PCN. Paclitaxel significantly induced CYP3A11 mRNA and immunoreactive CYP3A protein in PXR wild-type mice. Consistent with kinetics of CYP3A induction, the <i>V</i><sub>max</sub> of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in microsomal fraction increased 15- and 30-fold in paclitaxel- and PCN-treated mice, respectively. The<i>Cyp3a</i> induction response was completely abolished in paclitaxel- and PCN-treated PXR-null mice. This suggests that paclitaxel-mediated CYP3A induction in vivo requires an intact PXR-signaling mechanism. Our study validates the use of PXR activation assays in screening newer taxanes for potential drug interactions that may be related to PXR-target gene induction.
Management of Cancer-Associated Anemia With Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: ASCO/ASH Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Julia Bohlius, Kari Bohlke, Roberto Castelli, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Maryam B. Lustberg, Massimo Martino, Giannis Mountzios, Namrata Peswani, Laura Porter, Tiffany N. Tanaka, Gianluca Trifirò, Hushan Yang, Alejandro Lazo-Langner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/American Society of Hematology (ASH) recommendations for use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with cancer.PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs in patients with cancer published from January 31, 2010, through May 14, 2018. For biosimilar ESAs, the literature search was expanded to include meta-analyses and RCTs in patients with cancer or chronic kidney disease and cohort studies in patients with cancer due to limited RCT evidence in the cancer setting. ASCO and ASH convened an Expert Panel to review the evidence and revise previous recommendations as needed.The primary literature review included 15 meta-analyses of RCTs and two RCTs. A growing body of evidence suggests that adding iron to treatment with an ESA may improve hematopoietic response and reduce the likelihood of RBC transfusion. The biosimilar literature review suggested that biosimilars of epoetin alfa have similar efficacy and safety to reference products, although evidence in cancer remains limited.ESAs (including biosimilars) may be offered to patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia whose cancer treatment is not curative in intent and whose hemoglobin has declined to < 10 g/dL. RBC transfusion is also an option. With the exception of selected patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, ESAs should not be offered to most patients with nonchemotherapy-associated anemia. During ESA treatment, hemoglobin may be increased to the lowest concentration needed to avoid transfusions. Iron replacement may be used to improve hemoglobin response and reduce RBC transfusions for patients receiving ESA with or without iron deficiency. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines and www.hematology.org/guidelines .
Abstract 3769: Detection of allele specific loss of heterozygosity in 70,000 patients with ctDNA
Authors: Jing Zhao, Stephen R. Fairclough, Darya Chudova, Richard Lanman, AmirAli Talasaz, Aaron Hardin
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Loss of Heterozygosity (LoH) is a common feature of tumor biology. LoH frequently arises from defects in Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) and results in uni-parental deletions that manifest as (LoH). In the absence of a driving force, the likelihood of allelic loss is equal, so in a population, the rate of retention and loss of a given allele is equal, but allele specific loss (or retention) is known to occur. Methods: Using a novel analysis method incorporating observed allele frequency and copy number variation, we investigated the Guardant Health database of variants detected from 70,000+ samples from whole blood samples from patients with advanced solid tumors that were tested using a 73-gene cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing panel (Guardant360, Guardant Health, Redwood City, CA) to identify allele specific loss. Results: Analysis of the Guardant Health database revealed that LoH frequently manifests as allele imbalance with the observed mutation allele frequency (MAF) of the retained allele exceeding an observed allele frequency of 50% and the lost allele having observed mutation allele frequencies below 50% in an individual sample. This imbalance occurs because allele frequency is a relative measurement and loss of one allele causes the relative abundance of the remaining allele to increase in a proportional amount. Population analysis reveals that the majority of of alleles are lost without preference, but certain alleles may be more prone to retention or loss. Conclusions: The detection of allele specific loss from ctDNA provides insight into the underlying tumor biology and the selective pressures shaping tumor evolution over the course of treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jing Zhao, Stephen R. Fairclough, Darya Chudova, Richard Lanman, AmirAli Talasaz, Aaron Hardin. Detection of allele specific loss of heterozygosity in 70,000 patients with ctDNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3769.
Effect of acceptance or rejection on the author's evaluation of peer review of medical manuscripts
Authors: J. M. Garfunkel
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine whether authors of rejected manuscripts would evaluate the editorial review process less favorably than would authors of manuscripts accepted for publication, a questionnaire was sent to solicit evaluations of the quality of the reviews that had led to the rejection or acceptance of manuscripts submitted to the<i>Journal of Pediatrics</i>. Similar evaluations of the editor's letter were also sought. Authors were more likely to respond to the questionnaire if their manuscripts had been accepted and were more likely to complete the questionnaire thoroughly. Authors of accepted manuscripts evaluated the editor's communication more favorably than did the authors of manuscripts not accepted for publication, but the evaluations of the reviews were not significantly different. Most authors utilized the reviews to modify their manuscripts before submitting them to another journal. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1376-1378)
Coming to grips with an urban heroin addiction epidemic
Authors: R. L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Early in 1970, the District of Columbia began a major program aimed at treating all the city's heroin addicts within three years. As a result of these efforts, 4,200 of the city's 18,000 addicts are now in treatment in 21 centers. The heroin addiction epidemic in Washington may have been stabilized but it has not ended. Seven lessons have been learned which temper some of the initial optimism and suggest future directions.
Stimulant-Induced Enhanced Sexual Desire as a Potential Contributing Factor in HIV Transmission
Authors: Nora Volkow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Stimulant abuse is associated with an increased risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although sharing of contaminated needles is one of the routes by which HIV is spread, noninjection abusers are also at high risk. The authors investigated the effect of the stimulant drug methylphenidate (given intravenously) on sexual desire as a possible contributing factor to risky sexual behavior associated with the contraction of HIV. Method: The effects of intravenous methylphenidate (0.5 mg/kg) on self-reports of sexual desire (rated from 0–10) were evaluated in 39 comparison subjects and 39 cocaine abusers. Results: Intravenous methylphenidate significantly increased self-reports of sexual desire in comparison subjects (1.4 versus 3.7) and cocaine abusers (2.8 versus 4.8). Conclusions: Stimulant-induced enhancement of sexual desire could be one mechanism by which stimulant drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine increase the risk for HIV transmission even when they are not injected.
From the Centers for Disease Control. Proposed changes in format for presentation of notifiable disease report data
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer of the head and neck. Oral cavity: neck nodes
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Radical neck node dissection occupies the same position in the management of head and neck cancer as does axillary neck dissection after radical mastectomy in breast cancer. Although it is the preferred procedure for removing metastatic cervical glands, the limitations of the approach alone constitute a source of increasing controversy. More patients die from recurrent or uncontrolled regional neck node cancer than from localized primary disease, according to MacComb and Fletcher.<sup>1</sup>The success rate in controlling metastatic neck nodes once they are histologically confirmed ranges from 25% to 40%. Although recurrences from surgery are managed with irradiation, control has not been good. The employment of irradiation prior to surgery is being evaluated in a variety of circumstances; its preoperative administration may either halt the growth of cervical nodes as the primary is being irradiated, or lower the incidence of surgical recurrence by reducing the seeding process. Reference to neck
THE KAISER'S CASE.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgical debridement for resistant bacterial endocarditis. A case of antibiotic-refractory Serratia marcescens infection on the tricuspid valve cured by operative excision
Authors: R. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Endocarditis caused by<i>Serratia</i>rarely responds well to antibiotics, and is usually fatal. Such infection occurred on the tricuspid valve in a patient with a history of drug abuse. After a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy, the patient underwent exploratory cardiac surgery without cardiac failure. Surgical debridement of the tricuspid valve effected an apparent cure. Cardiac surgery during active bacterial endocarditis has proved to be a reasonable procedure. Medically resistant infection should be added to the traditional indications for cardiac surgery.
The Ear and Its Diseases, a Text-book for Students and Physicians.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Auer bodies in mature neutrophils
Authors: A. R. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Auer bodies are rod-shaped inclusions formed from azurophilic granules.<sup>1</sup>These structures have long been recognized in the blast cells of certain patients with leukemia and their presence is considered to be strongly suggestive, if not diagnostic, of acute myeloblastic or monoblastic leukemia.<sup>2-4</sup>Many reports have appeared clarifying the origin,<sup>1</sup>occurrence,<sup>5-8</sup>significance, composition,<sup>9-11</sup>and ultrastructure,<sup>12</sup>of these rods. A review of the literature, however, discloses only two references<sup>9,13</sup>regarding the appearance of Auer bodies in mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We have observed these cytoplasmic inclusions not only in the young leukemic cells but in morphologically mature neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes as well. To our knowledge this curiosity has not been previously photographed. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> The patient was a 41-year-old salesman who entered the Veterans Administration Hospital complaining of weakness of six weeks' duration. Physical examination revealed generalized pallor and several ecchymoses
GMC's concern for future of medical education
Journal: BMJ (1986)

expect authorities to maintain the appointment ofa chiefmedical adviser at a senior management level.* invited the review body to retain the relationship between clinical consultants and specialists in community medicine, whose role has been largely unchanged by the Griffiths reform.* asked for additional C meritorious and distinction awards to recognise the contribution of com- munity physicians in district and regional health authorities.* declared their continued support ofthe principle of linking the basic salary oftrainees in community medicine to those in hospital practice but asked for the level of on call and out of hours supplement, now at 15%, to be reviewed.* presented a paper on the role and pattern of service organisation-of community health doctors in which it was argued that the present grades and pay scales within the
Chronic Subdural Haematoma in the Elderly—A North Wales Experience
Authors: Muhammad Asghar, Vedamurthy Adhiyaman, M W Greenway, Bhimal K Bhowmick, A Bates
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is predominantly a disease of the elderly. Most of the existing data come from studies done several decades ago. We examined the incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, management and outcome in elderly patients with CSDH by retrospective study of the period 1996–1999 in the three district hospitals of North Wales. 40 cases of CSDH were identified in patients &gt; 65 years, the incidence in this population being 8.2/100000. Falls (57%) and antithrombotic therapy (33%) were the most frequent risk factors. The most common presenting features were altered mental state (52%) and focal neurological deficit (50%). 24 patients (60%) underwent surgical intervention with 4 deaths (17%). In the non-operated group mortality was 7/16 (44%). Most of the deaths in this series were due either to CSDH or to the complications of frailty and poor mobility. Surgery itself was generally successful.
Examining Dermatologists
Authors: Sam Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Examining Dermatologists Get access Sam Shuster Sam Shuster Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 6, 1 June 1984, Pages 738–739, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04717.x Published: 01 June 1984
Heart Failure
Authors: Audrey Wu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Heart failure affects more than 6 million people in the United States and incurs a heavy toll in morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. It frequently coexists with other important disorders, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, and obesity. Decades of clinical trials have shown that several medications and interventions are effective for improving outcomes; however, mortality and hospitalization rates remain high. More recently, additional medications and devices have shown promise in reducing the health burden of heart failure.
Medical Education Changes
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacologic Aspects of Adrenocortical Steroids and ACTH in Man
Authors: George W. Thorn, Dalton Jenkins, John C. Laidlaw, Frederick C. Goetz, Joseph F. Dingman, Walter L. Arons, David H. P. Streeten, Brian H. McCracken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

Preparations and Routes of AdministrationCortisone is supplied for therapeutic use in the form of the acetate ester. Four preparations are currently available: tablets for oral administration containing 5 or 25 mg. of cortisone acetate; a microcrystalline suspension of cortisone acetate in physiologic saline solution for intramuscular injection containing 25 or 50 mg. per cubic centimeter—minute quantities of suspending agents (such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono-oleate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and a preservative (for example, 1.5 per cent benzyl alcohol) are also present; a microcrystalline suspension of cortisone acetate in a solution of phosphate buffer for ophthalmic (topical) use, containing 5 or . . .
Notch Signaling in Leukemia
Authors: Jon C. Aster, Warren S. Pear, Stephen C. Blacklow
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2007)

Recent discoveries indicate that gain-of-function mutations in the Notch1 receptor are very common in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. This review discusses what these mutations have taught us about normal and pathophysiologic Notch1 signaling, and how these insights may lead to new targeted therapies for patients with this aggressive form of cancer.
Thirty-fourth Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article Thirty-fourth Annual Symposium on Fundamental Cancer Research Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Page 1198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.1198-d Published: 01 November 1980
Obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: E. C. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The ethics of human reproduction were brought sharply into focus this year by the Vatican's pronouncement that procreation of human life outside the body is "morally illicit." Also censured were artificial insemination, attempts at sex preselection, and surrogate motherhood (<i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, March 11, 1987, pp 1, 8). Already, calls for legislative control of these activities have been heard. During the past decade, overwhelming advances in medical technology and the ethical issues involved in their use or nonuse have touched every field of medicine. Because many of these issues are related to the processes of human reproduction, they have had a profound effect on obstetrics and gynecology. Moreover, being social issues as well, they are the concern of everyone. Ever since the Supreme Court's landmark decision in 1973, moral and ethical questions of legalized abortion have haunted the nation. The debate rages on with prolife and prochoice advocates maintaining dogmatic positions,