tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital at home scheme is acceptable alternative to hospital care and is cost effective
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Alcohol lowers risk of heart disease through effect on lipids and haemostatic factors Results from observational studies provide strong evidence that people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol have a lower risk of developing coronary heart disease than those who abstain, but some have suggested that this association is spurious.Rimm et al (p 1523) conducted a meta-analysis of all experimental studies of alcohol intake to summarise the effects of alcohol on lipid and haemostatic factors and to explain the inverse association between alcohol intake and risk of coronary disease.With an alcohol intake of 30 g a day the authors project a 24.7% reduction in risk of coronary heart disease mediated through changes in concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, and triglyceride.
Problems in the Estimation of Human Exposure to Components of Acid Precipitation Precursors
Authors: Benjamin G. Ferris, John D. Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Problems associated with estimation of human exposure to ambient air pollutants are discussed. Ideally, we would prefer to have some indication of actual dose. For most pollutants this is not presently feasible. Specific problems discussed are adequacy of outdoor monitors; the need to correct for exposures and time spent indoors; the need to have particle size distributions described and the chemistry of the particles presented. These indicate the need to develop lightweight accurate and reliable personal monitors.
Defining the good doctor
Authors: R. G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1993)

When I was a young man, it was common to refer to one of our colleagues as a "good doctor." This was an impressionistic description of a physician who excelled at the art as well as the science of medicine, one who cared deeply about his or her patients, who worried about the family, the home situation, the economic impact of the illness, and the patients' understanding of their disease—all while employing the soundest and most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic methods. A "good doctor" was a physician to whom we would send a member of our family or to whom we would entrust our personal care. See also p 1655. While the term "good doctor" may have passed from the scene, the concept has not. On the contrary, more objective, scientifically sound, and statistically valid methods for defining what a clinically competent, compassionate, communicative physician really is, are constantly being
New focus on children's environmental health
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A "NEW AGE of environmental protection" is coming, says Carol Browner, administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The immediate impetus is being directed at children, but in the long run it will affect everyone. Browner was a speaker at the First National Research Conference on Children's Environmental Health, held late last month in Washington, DC. Among the signs heralding this new age are the following: • The passing of the Food Quality Protection Act last year; • The establishment by the EPA of a new center for children's health; • A series of new research initiatives by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) aimed at providing the basis for effective regulation; and • A new approach to toxicologic testing that looks at effects of multiple agents rather than at single agents. <h3>'Put the Children First'</h3> Children are the focal point of environmental protection. "By putting our children
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

New way to treat pulmonary hypertension?Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe vascular disease that leads to progressive right heart failure and premature death.There is no cure for PAH.However, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of PAH have led to new, clinically beneficial therapeutic approaches.In this issue (2888-2897), Hara and colleagues provide new insight into the pathogenesis of PAH that leads them to suggest that inhibiting multidrug resistanceassociated protein 4 (MRP4, also known as Abcc4) could provide a new way to treat individuals with PAH.Their initial analysis indicated that expression of MRP4 was markedly higher in lung samples from patients with clinical pulmonary hypertension than in those from healthy individuals.Consistent with a role for MRP4 in the development of PAH, mice lacking MRP4 were protected from pulmonary hypertension induced by exposure to hypoxia for 4 weeks.Furthermore, treatment of wild-type mice with an MRP4 inhibitor reversed hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.Mechanistic analysis in vitro indicated that the protective effects of the MRP4 inhibitor were linked to its ability to increase intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP.These data provide the rationale for the authors' suggestion that MRP4 could be targeted for the treatment of PAH.
Antibiotics Protect against Liver Tumors in Mice
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

Abstract Researchers have discovered how the gut microbiome affects tumor development in the mouse liver. By treating mice with antibiotics, they showed that depleting gut commensal bacteria enhances certain primary bile acids in the liver. This causes natural killer T cells to accumulate there, where they protect against tumors. A trial to determine whether this mechanism also operates in humans is being planned.
The obese patient and anesthesia
Authors: W. A. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The obese patient poses special problems when presenting for anesthesia and surgery. A consideration of anesthetic problems related to obesity brings to mind those in several areas: (1) problems related to intravenous therapy; (2) problems referable to securing and maintaining the airway; (3) ventilatory problems, both intraoperatively and postoperatively; (4) difficulty in attaining adequate relaxation and adequate operative conditions; (5) factors influencing the uptake and distribution of anesthetic agents; and (6) anatomic problems encountered with regional anesthesia. In addition (7) frequent accompaniments and sequelae of obesity, eg, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, may alter responses to anesthetic agents and other depressant drugs. Our approach to anesthetic management of the obese patient is necessarily pragmatic, because definitive studies assessing the risks of obesity are lacking. We believe that obese patients have a greater incidence of anesthetic complications; further studies need to be made. Merely starting an intravenous solution may be unnerving to
Abstract P007: Sex-Specific Disparities in Risk Factor Control of Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary or Peripheral Intervention
Authors: Anish Vani, Jeffrey Berger, Hayeem Rudy, Revathi Balakrishnan, Eugenia Gianos
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The American Heart Association (AHA) developed 7 health metrics to define “ideal cardiovascular health” in its 2020 Impact Goal. Sex-specific disparities in attainment of the 7 health metrics in patients undergoing elective percutaneous or peripheral interventions has not been well characterized. Methods: We interviewed 1,517 patients (1,127 males and 390 females) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary or peripheral intervention at a large tertiary care center between November 2010 and March 2015. Survey data was used to reconstruct the 7 health metrics (blood pressure, physical activity, cholesterol, diet, weight, smoking status, and metabolic control). Multivariable linear regression was performed to identify characteristics associated with ideal metric attainment in the overall cohort and when stratified by sex. Results: Overall, males were younger, less likely to be white, more likely to be married, and had higher levels of education and higher prevalence of prior coronary artery disease than females (p&lt;.05 for each). Males achieved fewer ideal health metrics than females (2.0 ± 1.2 vs 2.3 ± 1.1, p&lt;.01), including poorer attainment of the ideal smoking (p&lt;.01), physical activity (p&lt;.01), and diet health metrics (p&lt;.05). Females had poorer attainment of the ideal weight (p&lt;.05) and cholesterol health metrics (p=.01). After multivariable adjustment, males achieved fewer ideal health metrics than females (p&lt;.01; Table). Sex-specific differences are presented in the Table, which includes single marital status and depression as negative predictors of ideal metric attainment in males, and a reduced ejection fraction as a negative predictor in females. Conclusions: Attainment of the 7 AHA ideal health metrics is low in both males and females undergoing elective percutaneous coronary or peripheral intervention. Sex-specific disparities in risk factor control illustrate interesting areas for further exploration into the predictors of behavior that may guide future targeted interventions.
Learning how to learn: the goal of house staff training
Authors: J. W. Hurst
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The two articles by Drs Shanke<sup>1</sup>and Mazzaferri<sup>1</sup>and Drs Parrino and Villanueva<sup>2</sup>on house staff training in this issue ofThe Journalshould be useful to anyone who is concerned about the quality of the next generation of physicians. They relate the results of surveys of teaching programs that indicate the perceived value of various cherished activities that, when added together, make up house staff training. Having observed the exciting scene known as house staff training for 30 years, I believe the following:<i>The objective of any educational system is to encourage those who are participating in the effort to learn how to learn and to be sensitive to interpersonal relationships</i>. House officers must learn how to learn medicine, and they must also learn how to deliver what they know to the satisfaction of their patients, colleagues, the public, and themselves. Furthermore, they must maintain these goals
Erratum: EBV-induced human CD8+ NKT cells synergize CD4+ NKT cells suppressing EBV-associated tumors upon induction of Th1 bias
Authors: Wei Xiao, Li Li, Rui Zhou, Ruijing Xiao, Yujuan Wang, Xiang Ji, Mengjun Wu, Lan Wang, Wei Huang, Xiaoling Zheng, Xinti Tan, Lang Chen, Tao Xiong, Jie Xiong, Youxin Jin, Jinquan Tan, Yuling He
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2011)
Authors’ correction for Euro Surveill. 2017;22(11)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

© This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Closure This is a corrected article applying to the following content: Cross-sectional surveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt, August 2015 to January 2016
Free Papers
Authors: A. R. J. Girbes, M. T. Patten, B. V. McCloskey, P. van Twuyver, J. H. Zwaveling, A. J. Smit, S. L. C. E. Buijk, M. F. Q. Vanden Bergh, J. W. Mouton, H. A. Bruining, H. J. A. van Vliet, S. De Marie, Y. Page, A. Viallon, B. Tardy, P. Lafond, J. P. Gay, J. L. Billard, J. C. Bertrand, S. Robert, J. Rouffineau, J. C. Lecron, N. Maillot, D. Mothes, R. Robert, J. Fusciardi, J. Lipman, J. Scribante, M. Pinder, S. Tshukutsoane, A. Gous, C. Y. A. Hogendoorn, K. Klugman, R. J. Young, J. Lipman, T. Gin, T. E. Oh, C. D. Gomersall, G. M. Joynt
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

We all tend to underestimate the calorie content of what we eat. But it's been clear for some time that people who are overweight tend to underestimate more than people of normal weight, a bias that's disastrous for weight control. Doctors have always assumed that fat people are simply lying to themselves about what they eat, and by extension lying to the people trying to help them. Two recent experiments, however, show that it's meal size, not food psychology that counts. Both indicate that people, whatever their weight, find it harder to guess the calorie content of large portions than small ones. A sample of diners in fast food outlets in the US got it almost exactly right for small portions, but underestimated the calorie content of larger portions by 38%. University students given 15 pre-prepared meals to estimate did the same, underestimating the larger portions by over a fifth. If everyone makes the same mistakes, but overweight people eat more large portions, they will seem to be less accurate than people of normal weight. One solution would be a calorie count beside each meal on the menu. But it would be easier, say the authors, to advise people to take each small item separately (chips, burger, drink) rather than trying to guess the calorie content of the whole meal at once. Credit: ANN INTERN MED Ann Intern Med2006;145: 32632 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Interns working in US hospitals are more likely to get needlestick or scalpel injuries during extended shifts, a study has found. They are also more likely to be injured at night. 2737 interns reported the percutaneous injuries in monthly web based surveys for one year, with an average monthly response rate of 1548/2737 or 57%. For one year there were 0.029 injuries per intern per month. Compared with a normal day, the odds of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DWansink%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%26rft.volume%253D145%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D326%26rft.epage%253D332%26rft.atitle%253DMeal%2Bsize%252C%2Bnot%2Bbody%2Bsize%252C%2Bexplains%2Berrors%2Bin%2Bestimating%2Bthe%2Bcalorie%2Bcontent%2Bof%2Bmeals.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.7326%252F0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00005%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16954358%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.7326/0003-4819-145-5-200609050-00005&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16954358&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F333%2F7568%2F592.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000240255900002&link_type=ISI
Factors related to long-term traumatic stress responses in survivors of torture in Turkey
Authors: M. Basoglu
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine factors related to long-term psychological functioning in political ex-prisoners who had been subjected to systematic torture. <h3>Design.</h3> —The psychological status of 55 tortured political activists, 55 nontortured political activists, and 55 subjects with no history of torture or political activism was assessed using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III for psychiatric assessment, Semi-structured Interview for Survivors of Torture, and other self-rated and assessor-rated measures of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Correlational and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the independent effects of precaptivity, captivity, and postcaptivity variables as predictors of long-term psychological status among the torture survivors. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Istanbul, Turkey. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Number of lifetime and current PTSD symptoms, and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. <h3>Results.</h3> —Effect of captivity experience on various life areas (eg, family and social, economic, and employment status) and other postcaptivity psychosocial stressors were associated with PTSD symptoms, anxiety, and depression. Perceived severity of torture was related to PTSD symptoms but not to anxiety or depression. Lack of social support predicted anxiety and depression but not PTSD. Family history of psychiatric illness correlated with higher scores on most measures. Impact of captivity experience on family was the strongest predictor of PTSD symptoms. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These findings point to three types of stressors related to different aspects of psychopathology in survivors of torture: perceived severity of torture, secondary effects of captivity experience on various life areas, and general psychosocial stressors following captivity. Different interventions may be needed for three components of survivors' traumatic experience: cognitive and behavioral strategies for treatment of PTSD symptoms, marital or family strategies for minimizing the impact of the trauma on the family, and strategies for enhancing social support to minimize postcaptivity depression and anxiety. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:357-363)
Abstract 4416: Genetic Variability of Methyl-Tetrahydrofolate-Reductase Modifies eNOS Coupling in Human Arteries and Veins: Effects on Vascular Superoxide Generation and Nitric Oxide Bioavailability
Authors: Charalambos Antoniades, Cheerag Shrirodaria, Paul Leeson, Tim Van-Assche, Chanti Ratnatunga, Ravi Pillai, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Helga Refsum, Keith M Channon
Journal: Circulation (2008)

5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5MTHF) administration improves endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling in human vessels. However, it is unclear whether endogenous variations of vascular 5MTHF levels due to the functional 5MTHF-reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism C677T, has an impact on vascular function. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on vascular 5MTHF levels, NO bioavailability and eNOS coupling in human vessels. The C677T polymorphism was determined in 218 patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Saphenous veins (SV) and internal mammary arteries (IMA) were obtained to determine vasomotor responses of SV to acetylcholine (ACh) ex-vivo, vascular O2- production (+/− eNOS inhibitor LNAME, by chemilumineschence) and vascular 5MTHF (by HPLC). The genotype distribution was CC:100(46%) CT:94(43%) and TT:24(11%). This polymorphism had a strong effect on vascular (Fig. a ) and plasma 5MTHF (p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, the T allele was associated with lower vasomotor responses of SV to Ach (Fig. b ) as well as higher vascular O2- (Fig. c ) and greater LNAME inhibitable O2- (Fig d ., suggesting eNOS uncoupling) in IMA segments. The C677T polymorphism on MTHFR gene is a strong determinant of vascular 5MTHF, and has a significant effect on NO bioavailability and vascular redox state, by modifying eNOS coupling in human vessels.
Viral Hepatitis
Authors: N. RAPHAEL SHULMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A virus-like antigen in many patients with acute hepatitis may be transmissible by inoculation or ingestion of blood or blood products. The severity of the resultant hepatitis may depend partly on the dose of the hepatitis-associated antigen. The antigen appears in the blood before signs or symptoms of acute hepatitis, and in about 7% of cases remains for an indefinite period after recovery. Although no test is as yet sensitive enough to detect the lowest levels of antigen (and presumably virus) that are infectious, the agar-gel-precipitin test detects the antigen in 0.1 to 0.5% of normal American blood donors. Anticomplementary activity in sera of some hepatitis patients and blood donors may be caused by the antigen in combination with antibody and may be the only manifestation of the carrier state. Since the antigen has not been found in several outbreaks of short-incubation infectious hepatitis but has been found in many isolated cases diagnosed as infectious hepatitis, it is likely that similar clinical manifestations are produced by more than one virus group.
Effect of Heart Rate, Exercise and Nitroglycerin on Cardiac Dynamics in Complete Heart Block
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Special studies in graduate medical education
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Jan P. Radtke, Constantin Schwab, Maya B. Wolf, et al. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MRI–Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy for Index Tumor Detection: Correlation with Radical Prostatectomy Specimen. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.12.052
Authors: Stephen B. Williams, John F. Ward
Journal: European Urology (2016)
ACC/AHA Guideline Update for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery—Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery)
Authors: Kim A. Eagle, Peter B. Berger, Hugh Calkins, Bernard R. Chaitman, Gordon A. Ewy, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Lee A. Fleisher, James B. Froehlich, Richard J. Gusberg, Jeffrey A. Leppo, Thomas Ryan, Robert C. Schlant, William L. Winters, Raymond J. Gibbons, Elliott M. Antman, Joseph S. Alpert, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Gabriel Gregoratos, Alice K. Jacobs, Loren F. Hiratzka, Richard O. Russell, Sidney C. Smith
Journal: Circulation (2002)