tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer patients’ risk perceptions and treatment values following surgical consult.
Authors: Karen Kaiser, Kenzie A. Cameron, Melinda Stolley, Kevin P. Bethke, Nora M. Hansen, Jacqueline Sara Jeruss, Marla L. Clayman, Seema Ahsan Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

36 Background: Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most common second primary cancer in breast cancer patients. The 10-year risk of CBC for patients with locally invasive or intraductal disease is approximately 6%. However, a recent study reported that prior to surgical consult newly diagnosed breast cancer patients without a BRCA mutation estimated their 10-year CBC risk to be 31.4%. We sought to evaluate breast cancer patients’ perceived risk of future cancer and their treatment values following surgical consult. Methods: Women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in-situ or stage I-III invasive breast cancer were interviewed in the period between surgical consult and surgical treatment. Participants completed the Perceived Risk Questionnaire (PRQ) and the Values Scale. The PRQ contains 5 questions to assess perceived likelihood of future cancer on a 5-point scale (1 = not at all likely, 5 = very likely). For each question, women also estimate the likelihood of cancer in the next 10 years as a percentage from 0 to 100. The Values Scale measures the importance of 11 treatment-related values (e.g., How important is it to you to keep your breast?) on a 10-point scale (1 = not at all important, 10 = very important). Results: Interviews were completed with 20 patients (mean age 54.7 years) without a known BRCA mutation. On the Values Scale, women identified minimizing the chance of cancer elsewhere in the body (mean=9.2), in the other breast (mean = 9.1), and in the same breast (mean = 8.8) as most important. Patients estimated their 10-year risk to be 13.6% for CBC, 14.2% for breast cancer appearing in the same breast, and 19.6% for cancer appearing elsewhere in the body. One-fourth of participants believed they faced at least a 50% chance of encountering breast cancer again in the next 10 years. Conclusions: Women in this study reported lower perceived risk of CBC than in a prior study of perceived risk prior to surgical consult, thus suggesting that the surgical consult may lead to a reduction in perceived risk. Nonetheless, participants’ estimated their 10-year risk of CBC to be twice the actual estimated risk. Our findings indicate a need for additional patient education about CBC risk.
Nutrition
Authors: Richard S. Rivlin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Historically, the field of nutrition has focused on manifestations of specific deficiency diseases, their detection, and correction. More recently, there has been increasing recognition of the potential role of nutrition in preventing many important illnesses. Such illnesses include heart disease and stroke, several forms of cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and renal disease. It may be more realistic, however, to think of nutrition as a useful adjunct in delaying or mitigating these disorders rather than in preventing them entirely. Furthermore, proper nutrition is of little value if the individual continues to smoke, drink excessively, or engage in an immoderate or unsafe life-style. Based on recent advances in the understanding of how nutritional factors may reduce risk for the development of cancer, the American Cancer Society has issued its new<i>Guidelines on Diet, Nutrition and Cancer</i>.<sup>1</sup>These guidelines are intended for adults of all ages and should be adopted as a complete
ARTHUR TUDOR EDWARDS
Journal: Thorax (1946)

It is an irony of fate that the first obituary notice in this new journal should be that of Tudor Edwards, to whose persistent advocacy the journal largely owes its existence.Arthur Tudor Edwards was born in 1890 and was educated at Mill Hill, Cambridge, and the Middlesex Hospital, where he qualified in 1913.Here in the old hospital before the rebuilding he received his early surgical teaching from Sir John Bland-Sutton and Mr.
Sleep deprivation and resident performance
Authors: T. F. Deaconson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Cognitive and complex motor performance may be impaired by extended sleep deprivation, but objective data concerning the effects in residents of the sleep deprivation engendered by usual hospital on-call schedules are scant and conflicting. We studied three cohorts of surgical residents (N = 26) who were on call every other night. Each resident kept a sleep diary, gave a self-assessment of motivation and fatigue, and underwent a battery of psychometric tests each morning for 18 or 19 days. The psychometric tests measured cognition, discernment, visual and auditory vigilance, and rapid eye-hand coordination.<i>Sleep deprivation</i>was defined as the lack of four hours of continuous sleep during the preceding 24 hours, and it occurred during 89% of the on-call nights. Daily testing in a repeated-measures design allowed each participant to serve as his or her own control. Sleep deprivation did not affect overall cognitive or motor performance. Further analysis of the correlation between sleep parameters (total sleep and longest uninterrupted sleep interval) and performance on each component of the psychometric test battery identified changes in performance on some tests but only trivial effects due to sleep. The assumption that sleep deprivation associated with usual on-call schedules impairs cognitive and motor performance of residents such that clinical care of patients may be compromised is not supported by our observations. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1721-1727)
Abstract 4947: Plucked anagen scalp hair: A comparison between different analytical techniques to establish reproducible drug induced transcriptional changes and provide pharmacodynamic biomarker and target engagement information from oncology patients
Authors: Tim Mefo, Elliott Harrison, Alan Murdoch, Benjamin Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Plucked anagen scalp hair is an ideal surrogate tissue to monitor drug induced transcriptional changes. High vascularisation of the hair follicle, ease of sampling and high degree of similarity of expression in hair of pathways dysregulated in cancers, make the cellular bulb of plucked human scalp hair an excellent surrogate tissue for the non-invasive monitoring of pharmacodynamic (PD) and mechanism of action (MOA) effects in clinical trials. Using our ex vivo plucked hair culture platform, plucked scalp hair bulbs from several healthy donors were exposed to BEZ235, a dual pan-class PI3K and mTOR inhibitor at different concentrations and durations. Total RNA was isolated from the cellular bulb of anagen hair post-culture and samples were assessed by microarray and RNA-seq analysis to assess dose dependent global transcriptional alterations and develop a gene expression signature indicative of BEZ235 exposure. Two different microarrays, the Affymetrix Clariom D and U133 plus 2.0 arrays, were directly compared to RNA-seq data obtained from the same ex vivo culture samples. Genetic signatures indicative of exposure of plucked scalp hair to BEZ235 were established using all three analytical techniques. The transcriptional readouts from the plucked scalp hair samples revealed strong correlations (0.97-0.99) in the genes expressed in anagen scalp hair between donors. In addition, global gene expression data indicated that assessing pooled scalp hairs was sufficient to detect significant differential expression (p&amp;lt;0.05 &amp; 1.5 fold change) underpinning the low variance in the majority of target genes in plucked hair as a biomarker platform. Gene signatures for compounds targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway that were established using the ex vivo plucked scalp hair platform were subsequently used to support clinical trials and scalp hair taken from patients receiving treatment showed an excellent post-exposure target signature modulation. In summary, the results of the ex vivo plucked assessment generated a dose dependent and biologically relevant transcriptional signature following exposure to BEZ235. Plucked anagen scalp hair is therefore an ideal non-invasive surrogate tissue to obtain drug-induced pharmacodynamic biomarker and target engagement information from oncology patients. Citation Format: Tim Mefo, Elliott Harrison, Alan Murdoch, Benjamin Reed. Plucked anagen scalp hair: A comparison between different analytical techniques to establish reproducible drug induced transcriptional changes and provide pharmacodynamic biomarker and target engagement information from oncology patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4947.
Impact of wait times on survival of women with uterine cancer.
Authors: Lorraine Elit, Erin O'Leary, Hsien Seow, Gregory Russell Pond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

5586 Background: Reducing cancer wait times have been a priority investment for Cancer Care Ontario since 2005. Our objective was to determine whether wait time from histologic diagnosis of uterine cancer to time of definitive surgery by hysterectomy impacted on all cause survival. Methods: Cases were identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry using ICD-09 codes 179 and 182. Excluded were women without histologic/cytologic confirmation of cancer prior to surgery, with no definitive surgery, or with wait times of ≤14 days or &gt;2 years. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method from the day of hysterectomy. Factors were evaluated for their prognostic ability on survival using Cox proportional hazards regression. Wait time was evaluated as a continuous variable and dichotomized at selected cutpoints in the univariable analyses and in a multivariable model adjusting for significant patient factors identified using forward stepwise selection. Results: The final study population included 8,744 women. 51.9% had surgery by a gynaecologist and 69.9% had endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The optimal model is shown below. Multivariable analysis of factors prognostic for survival. Longer wait times remained a statistically significant negative prognostic factor for survival regardless of definition, univariably (p&lt;0.002) and multivariably after adjusting for other significant factors (p&lt;0.001). The final multivariable model is shown. 5-year (95%CI) survival for women with more than 12 week wait times was 61.4 (57.8-64.8)% versus 71.9 (69.9-73.8)% for women with less than 6 week wait time. Conclusions: The longer a woman waits from diagnosis of uterine cancer to definitive surgery negatively impacts her overall survival. [Table: see text]
Abstract 1280: Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas treated with EGFR-TKIs
Authors: Seung Hyeun Lee, Myung Jae Park, Boksoon Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objectives: Clinical implication of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of PD-L1 expression and the clinical outcome according to PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinomas harboring EGFR mutation and treated with EGFR-TKIs. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated PD-L1 expression using 22C3 pharmDx assay in lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutations at two referral hospitals between January 2017 and June 2018. Samples were obtained from surgically resected tumors, small biopsy, or cytologic cell blocks. Results: Of all 71 patients analyzed, 44 (58.7%) had PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of &amp;lt; 1%, 23 (30.7%) had PD-L1 TPS of 1%-49%, and 8 (10.7%) had PD-L1 TPS of ≥ 50%. Of the 37 patients treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs, PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1% was associated with a significantly decreased response rate, compared with PD-L1 TPS &amp;lt; 1% (45.7% vs. 67.3%, p=0.005). Furthermore, PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1% was associated with a significantly shorter median progression free survival, compared with PD-L1 TPS &amp;lt; 1% (9.3 months vs. 14.2 months, p = 0.024). Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1 TPS ≥1% is independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio 1.32, p=0.012). Conclusion: PD-L1 was positive in approximately 40% of patients with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Postive PD-L1 expression may be associated with unfavorable clinical outcome to EGFR-TKIs among those patients group. Citation Format: Seung Hyeun Lee, Myung Jae Park, Boksoon Chang. Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas treated with EGFR-TKIs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1280.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Davide Rossi
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Hematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CCBY-NC-ND), which allows third parties to download the abstracts and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the abstract book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Annales D'Oculistique, Paris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Androgen Receptor (AR) Coregulators: An Overview
Authors: C. A. Heinlein
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

The biological action of androgens is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen-bound AR functions as a transcription factor to regulate genes involved in an array of physiological processes, most notably male sexual differentiation and maturation, and the maintenance of spermatogenesis. The transcriptional activity of AR is affected by coregulators that influence a number of functional properties of AR, including ligand selectivity and DNA binding capacity. As the promoter of target genes, coregulators participate in DNA modification, either directly through modification of histones or indirectly by the recruitment of chromatin-modifying complexes, as well as functioning in the recruitment of the basal transcriptional machinery. Aberrant coregulator activity due to mutation or altered expression levels may be a contributing factor in the progression of diseases related to AR activity, such as prostate cancer. AR demonstrates distinct differences in its interaction with coregulators from other steroid receptors due to differences in the functional interaction between AR domains, possibly resulting in alterations in the dynamic interactions between coregulator complexes.
The Role of Porphyrins in Actinodermatitis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antipsychotic agents and serum prolactin levels
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am a psychiatrist practicing essentially clinical psychopharmacology and I have long been disturbed by the lack of data and studies with respect to the effects of the elevations of serum prolactin produced by antipsychotic agents. Like the treatment of hypertension, the treatment of psychosis generally involves long-term administration of agents that are well known and well demonstrated to raise serum prolactin levels. It would seem time that we begin to take a look at the incidence of carcinomas in patients who have been exposed to these agents for prolonged periods of time. I think it is very likely that when the data are compared it will be discovered that the elevation of prolactin with antipsychotic agents are at least as high if not higher than those found with reserpine, and these agents would probably give a much larger population to study.
Erratum for the Research Article: “The brain microenvironment mediates resistance in luminal breast cancer to PI3K inhibition through HER3 activation” by D. P. Kodack, V. Askoxylakis, G. B. Ferraro, Q. Sheng, M. Badeaux, S. Goel, X. Qi, R. Shankaraiah, Z. A. Cao, R. R. Ramjiawan, D. Bezwada, B. Patel, Y. Song, C. Costa, K. Naxerova, C. S. F. Wong, J. Kloepper, R. Das, A. Tam, J. Tanboon, D. G. Duda, C. R. Miller, M. B. Siegel, C. K. Anders, M. Sanders, M. V. Estrada, R. Schlegel, C. L. Arteaga…
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2019)
Retroviruses As Genetic Tools to Isolate Transcriptionally Active Chromosomal Regions
Authors: Harald von Melchner, H. Earl Ruley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

By exploiting the ability of retroviruses to move genes into random sites of mammalian genomes and by exploiting some features of their replication, retrovirus vectors have been developed that select for instances in which the virus integrates into expressed genes. Since integrated proviruses tag transcriptionally active sites, the vectors provide a means to identify and isolate promoters active in different cell types. Furthermore, the viruses may be useful as insertional mutagens, since they select for instances in which integration occurs into expressed sites. This reduces the number of integrants needed to screen for loss of gene function and may enable genes controlling phenotypes in mammalian cells to be isolated.
A COOPERATIVE PROGRAM TO REDUCE THE COSTS OF HOSPITAL CARE
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the NIH. Sensitivity to pain greater in a clinical than in a laboratory setting
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stomal Care
Authors: John L. Rowbotham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

INTESTINAL stomas are usually easy to care for because of new appliances and materials that lend themselves to a variety of stomas. Each colostomy, ileal bladder and ileostomy has its own characteristics, and each behaves differently at different times, depending upon many factors. Fatigue, disease, emotions and the normal variety of foods eaten daily can have a profound effect on a stoma and its function. This is particularly true of a colostomy.Traditionally, it is taught that a colostomy patient can acquire control easily, and after learning to irrigate his colon, he can usually, but not always, expect to be . . .
MA11.09 Efficacy and Safety of Larotrectinib in Patients with Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (TRK) Fusion Lung Cancer
Authors: D. Tan, A. Farago, S. Kummar, V. Moreno, J. Patel, U. Lassen, B. Solomon, L. Rosen, S. Leyvraz, J. Reeves, N. Brega, L. Dima, B. Childs, A. Drilon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2021)