tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term Cardiovascular Consequences of Diuretics vs Calcium Channel Blockers vs Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: C. R. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vaccination Coverage Among Children Enrolled in Head Start Programs, Licensed Child Care Facilities, and Entering School—United States, 2000-01 School Year
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The implementation of state and local requirements for vaccination before entry to Head Start programs, licensed child care facilities, and school has resulted in high vaccination levels among preschool and school children. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to maintain > or = 95% vaccination coverage among children attending licensed child care centers and kindergarten through postsecondary school (objective 12-23). National estimates of vaccination coverage among children in Head Start programs, licensed child care facilities, and those entering school have been published each year since 1997 on the basis of reports from federally funded immunization programs (IPs) in the 50 states, five cities, eight territories, and the District of Columbia. This report summarizes data reported by states, cities, and the District of Columbia for the 2000-01 school year. Although vaccination coverage for 2000-01 appears similar to that for previous years, the number of programs reporting and the completeness of the reports are lower than in previous years and do not permit precise estimation of coverage at the national level. IPs use school data to identify undervaccinated children enrolled in Head Start programs, licensed child care facilities, and those entering school; evaluate the success of prevention programs targeting these children; and document the proportion of children whose parents claim exemptions from one or more vaccines. Plans are ongoing to assist IPs in applying successful strategies for collecting, reporting, and increasing the precision of coverage estimates for these populations.
CPR-Not-Indicated and Futility
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 January 1996CPR-Not-Indicated and FutilityHoward Brody, MD, PhD and Tom Tomlinson, PhDHoward Brody, MD, PhDMichigan State University; East Lansing, MI 48824Search for more papers by this author and Tom Tomlinson, PhDMichigan State University; East Lansing, MI 48824Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Waisel and Truog [1] offer some good advice regarding futility policies for do-not-resuscitate orders and correctly identify several problems in defining “futility.” Nonetheless, we believe that their defense of physiologic futility is problematic.The reasons usually given to support a physiologic conception of futility are that it is somehow bad for physicians to make value judgments and that physiologic futility is value free, unlike other construals of futility. This line of reasoning is incorrect. One cannot practice medicine without making value judgments. The adoption of a physiologic criterion for futility entails a value judgment that many physicians ...REFERENCE1. Waisel DB, Truog RD. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation-not-indicated order: futility revisited. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:304-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard Brody, MD, PhD; Tom Tomlinson, PhDAffiliations: Michigan State University; East Lansing, MI 48824 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFutility in EvolutionRevisiting Truth and Consequences: What to Do When the Patient Doesn’t Want to Know 1 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 75-76KeywordsDo not resuscitate ordersReasoningResuscitation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Biochemical and Cellular Mechanisms of Dust-Induced Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Roy J. Richards, C. Gerald Curtis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The sequence of cellular and biochemical events in response to the deposition of dust particles in lung tissue is described. Primary reactions at the lung surface include changes in the free cell population, the alveolar surface protein and in the quantity of pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein-rich material secreted by Type II cells. The relationship between these changes and lung fibrogenesis is discussed. It is suggested that such primary changes are protective mechanisms which may assist in the prevention of fibrogenesis rather than lead to an increase in collagen formation and deposition. If these primary defenses are overcome, then the interstitial fibroblastlike cell may have a prominent role in fibrogenesis. Therefore detailed observations of the interaction between lung fibroblasts and mineral dusts in vitro are described. As fibrogenesis may be arrested in vivo, or possibly reversed, and does not always progress to fibrosis, final consideration is given to the step from fibrogenesis to fibrosis. It is suggested that this step may involve other tissue proteins apart from collagen and that the irreversible nature of fibrosis can be explained by the formation of strong intermolecular crosslinks between different proteins. The types of crosslinks that may be involved are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of calcium-dependent transglutaminases in fibrosis, as these enzymes have hitherto received little attention.
Imaging
Authors: Brenda J. Butka
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: S. B. GRUBER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

BOOK REVIEW Get access Current Therapy in Cancer John F. Foley , JulieM. Vose , James O. Armitage , eds. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders Co. , 1994 . 432 pp., illus. $65. ISBN 0-7216-4578-X. STEPHEN B. GRUBER, Ph.D., M.D. STEPHEN B. GRUBER, Ph.D., M.D. The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center600 N. Wolfe St., Rm. 126 Baltimore, MD 21287-8985 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 7, 5 April 1995, Page 535, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.7.535 Published: 05 April 1995
TOBACCO SMOKING
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Conservative Management vs Intervention for Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Hasan A. Zaidi, Jonathan J. Russin, Robert F. Spetzler
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17870: Hemodynamic Performance of Transcatheter Prosthetic Valve is Superior to that of Surgical Prosthetic Valve for Aortic Valve Stenosis with Small Aortic Root
Authors: Koichi Maeda, Toru Kuratani, Kei Torikai, Isamu Mizote, Yasuhiro Ichibori, Toshinari Onishi, Satoshi Nakatani, Yasushi Sakata, Takayoshi Ueno, Koichi Toda, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in a small aortic root is still challenging with regard to the surgical technique and prosthesis size selection, which often causes patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). On the other hand, because a prosthetic valve of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is tightly implanted inside a native valve, larger effective orifice area (EOA) may be gained. The aim of this study is to prove that hemodynamic performance after TAVR is superior to that after SAVR. Methods: 160 patients, who underwent SAVR (n=36; age 75.1±5.6 years) and TAVR (n=124; age 82.4±6.8 years) for aortic valve stenosis, were enrolled. Preoperative ECG-gated multi-slice CT (MSCT) and echocardiography immediately before a discharge were performed in all patients. PPM was defined as the effective orifice area index ≤0.85cm2/m2 and we compared and examined hemodynamic performance after TAVR and SAVR. Results: Although the mean body size was significantly smaller (p&lt;.05) in TAVR than that in SAVR (1.44±0.15 vs 1.51±0.20 m2), there were no significant differences in the diameters of annulus (23.2±1.6 vs 23.3±2.8 mm), valsalva sinus (29.8±2.6 vs 29.9±4.4 mm), and ST junction (25.2±2.8 vs 24.8±3.5 mm) on preoperative MSCT findings. Postoperative echocardiography revealed significantly less Vmax (2.2±0.4 vs 2.5±0.5 m/s, p&lt;.0001), less mean pressure gradient (10.1±3.6 vs 14.5±5.0 mmHg, p&lt;.0001), and larger EOA (1.62±0.29 vs 1.45±0.36 cm2, p&lt;.005) in TAVR compared to SAVR, respectively. Consequently, PPM was more frequently in SAVR compared to TAVR (33.3 vs 8.9%; p&lt;.0007). In multivariate analysis in SAVR identified small ST junction with only predictive factor of PPM (odds ratio [OR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.23-4.36; p&lt;.005; area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.84). On the other hand, regarding TAVR, large BSA was only predictive factor of PPM (p&lt;.05). Conclusions: The hemodynamic performance of transcatheter prosthetic valve is superior to that of surgical prosthetic valve in a patient with small aortic root, in particular, small ST junction. TAVR should be considered in patients with anticipated PPM if the surgical risk is similar to TAVR.
Disproportionate HIV Care
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nutrition
Authors: R M Russell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Elevated blood homocysteine concentration is a newly recognized, independent risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular disease. The underlying mechanisms for which some laboratory support exists are the roles of homocysteine as a vascular toxin, as a stimulator of the proliferation of smooth-muscle cells, and as a procoagulant, thrombogenic agent. In the Physicians' Health Study, blood homocysteine concentration correlated positively with the risk of myocardial infarction, even though many of the patients had levels in the "normal" range.<sup>1</sup>Moreover, recent data from the Framingham Heart Study show that the degree of carotid artery stenosis is also positively related to the level of plasma homocysteine.<sup>2</sup>In a meta-analysis of coronary artery disease and cerebral and peripheral vascular disease using case-control and cross-sectional studies, a consistent association was found between higher blood homocysteine levels and a higher relative risk for each of these diseases.<sup>3</sup>For coronary artery disease, it was estimated
Gender-Specific Effects of the Catechol-&lt;char aid="99831814" id="ital"&gt;O&lt;/char&gt;-Methyltransferase &lt;char aid="99831815" id="ital"&gt;Val&lt;/char&gt;&lt;char aid="99831816" id="sup"&gt;108/158&lt;/char&gt;&lt;char aid="99831817" id="ital"&gt;Met&lt;/char&gt; Polymorphism on Cognitive Function in Children
Authors: Jennifer Barnett
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The study aimed to determine the cognitive effect of the Val 108/158 Met polymorphism in the catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) gene in children before and during puberty. This polymorphism affects cognitive function in healthy adults and may contribute to risk for schizophrenia. Method: COMT genotype was determined for 8,707 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a geographically defined general population cohort of children born between April 1, 1991, and Dec. 31, 1992, in the southwest of England. Fourteen measures of cognitive function—including working memory, verbal and motor inhibition, attentional control, and IQ—were assessed at ages 8 and 10 years. Any pubertal development at age 9 years was reported by parents. Effects of COMT genotype on cognition and interactions with gender and puberty were assessed using general linear models. Results: In boys, genotype significantly affected executive function and explained up to 10 points normal variation in verbal IQ. The effects on IQ were significantly greater in pubertal than in prepubertal boys. In girls, there were no significant effects of genotype on cognition. Conclusions: This common polymorphism may be one of the genes of small effect that contribute to normal variation in IQ. The gender-specific nature of the effect and its possible interaction with puberty may be relevant to both normal cognitive and brain development and to abnormal development in disorders such as schizophrenia.
OC-093 Aerophagia during meals and postprandial gas-containing reflux in patients with GORD not responding to PPI
Authors: P Woodland, I Bravi, R S Gill, A J Bredenoord, J Jafari, D Sifrim
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A significant number of GORD patients (30%) continue to perceive symptoms despite PPI therapy. Impedance-pH studies have shown that proximal extent of reflux and presence of gas in the refluxate are the only parameters associated with symptoms perception in refractory GORD. Increased air swallowing (aerophagia) is often suspected based on clinical evaluation. More recently, increased air swallowing between meals was demonstrated, using oesophageal impedance, in a group of patients with increased abdominal gas (x-ray). Aerophagia during meals, however, may be more relevant for GORD patients with postprandial symptoms. We hypothesised that mealtime air swallowing may impact on post-prandial reflux patterns and symptoms in patients with refractory GORD. We <b>aimed</b> to assess aerophagia during meals and postprandial gas reflux in GORD patients, responding or refractory to PPI. <h3>Methods</h3> Mealtime air swallows were quantified using ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring. Normal values were established from 39 healthy controls (mean age 39, range 22–62; Shay <i>et al</i> 2004). We studied 44 consecutive patients (mean age 48, range 19–78) with typical reflux symptoms and pathological oesophageal 24 h acid exposure. 18 were fully responsive and 26 were partially or unresponsive to PPI. Mealtime air swallows were defined as swallows with fast impedance increase (&gt;3000Ω from baseline) in the distal recording segment. Mealtime air swallow frequency (air swallows/10 min meal) was calculated. <h3>Results</h3> There was no difference in mealtime air swallow frequency (mean±SEM 8.6±1.0 vs 8.0±0.7 per 10 min) or total mealtime air swallows (67.1±8.3 vs 54.0±5.3) between GORD patients and controls. In the GORD group, PPI-refractory patients had a higher frequency (10.5±1.4 vs 5.9±0.8, p&lt;0.05) and number (83.1±12.7 vs 47.8±7.3, p&lt;0.05) of mealtime air swallows compared to PPI-responders. PPI-refractory patients had a higher number (25.5±4.0 vs 16.8±3.3, p&lt;0.05) and proportion (70.3±3.0% vs 54.0±6.0%, p&lt;0.05) of post-prandial gas-containing reflux episodes than PPI-responders. There was no difference between GORD patients in fasting air swallowing or 24 h acid exposure. <h3>Conclusion</h3> GORD patients had similar mealtime air swallowing to controls, but both groups had large inter-individual variability. Within GORD patients, PPI non-responders had more mealtime air swallowing than responders. Consequently non-responders had more reflux episodes containing gas, an important factor in reflux perception in GORD patients, who have hypersensitivity to oesophageal distension. Mealtime air swallowing may be amenable to behavioural therapy as an “add on” treatment in patients with incomplete response to PPI and objective aerophagia during meals. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Nutritional Influences on Metal Toxicity: Cadmium as a Model Toxic Element
Authors: M. R. Spivey Fox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The nutrient quality of the diet has been shown repeatedly to be a significant factor in modifying the response of man and animals to toxic element exposure. Deficiencies of several essential nutrients have been shown to exacerbate the effects of cadmium and supplements of such nutrients have been shown to ameliorate the toxicity. Thus the effects of exposure to a toxic element, such as cadmium, may vary, depending on interactions with other elements which are present in the diet in different concentrations.
Where should the research dollars go?
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal