tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ARTHRITIS &amp;amp; RHEUMATISM
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of nifedipine in achalasia and in patients with high-amplitude peristaltic esophageal contractions
Authors: M. Traube
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We studied the esophageal effects of nifedipine in 20 patients with achalasia (20 mg sublingually) and nine patients with high-amplitude peristaltic esophageal contractions (nutcracker esophagus) (20 mg orally). In patients with achalasia, nifedipine decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure by approximately 30%. In ten patients with achalasia, plasma nifedipine concentrations were 45.3± 17.7 and 57.4 ± 12.8 ng/mL [unk] ± SEM) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, after drug administration. In patients with nutcracker esophagus, nifedipine decreased LES pressure by approximately 50% and contraction amplitude in the body of the esophagus by approximately 25%. After comparison was made with our previous results in normal subjects, we concluded that (1) nifedipine decreased LES pressure in patients with achalasia to a similar extent to that noted in normal subjects; (2) plasma concentrations measured after 20 mg of nifedipine given sublingually to achalasic patients were similar to those found under similar circumstances in normal subjects; and (3) nifedipine decreased LES pressure and contraction amplitude in patients with nutcracker esophagus to a greater extent than was found in normal subjects. These results suggest that double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of nifedipine in the treatment of achalasia or nutcracker esophagus are indicated. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1733-1736)
REPORT OF THE SURGICAL CLINICS,Held at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, before the Students of the Western Pennsylvania Medical College,
Authors: J. B. MURDOCH
Journal: JAMA (1892)

[Reported by E. E. Wible, M.D., a member of the Graduating Class.] September 27, 1890. This being my first clinic, let me say a word to the students who are just commencing the study of surgery, and hope at some future time to become surgeons. While it is true that clinical lectures are the best manner of teaching either medicine or surgery, and that no one can be a safe practitioner without such teaching, it is also true, that the student of surgery who believes that by simply witnessing surgical operations, he will thereby become a good surgeon, will find in the end that he has made a mistake. There is a certain dramatic attraction about a surgical operation, which charms the student and rivets his attention, but that student who has not the perseverance and industry to follow up and study the details of the after-treatment, although he may
Ethical and legal questions posed by recent advances in medicine
Authors: J. Z. Appel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The tense and highly emotional drama that has been presented to the public by the various media of mass communication during the first three months of this year in the form of an almost blow by blow description of five human heart transplant operations has brought sharply into focus the legal and ethical problems with which the medical profession has been wrestling for quite a few years. While there was avid attention paid to the publicity about the experiments in Houston with a mechanical heart and its application to the human body as a partial substitute for the human heart last year, these experiments did not stimulate in the public's mind the ethical and legal complexities that are presently receiving much thought from various segments of society. The development of the mechanical kidney, the successful replacement of a faulty valve in a man's heart with a valve from a pig's
Captopril-associated lymphadenopathy
Authors: H Aberg, C Morlin, G Frithz
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Contact dermatitis related to constituent of an orthopaedic wool Tests were carried out to determine the cause of an acute vesicular eczema that occurred in six patients with plaster-of-Paris casts lined with orthopaedic wool.The reaction was concluded to have been due to one of the constituents of the wool. Patients, methods, and resultsSix patients, aged between 7 and 40, presented with an acute vesicular eczema coinciding with the application of a Gypsona plaster-of-Paris cast lined with Softexe orthopaedic wool.The time from application of the cast to presentation varied from four days to three weeks.To determine whether Results oJ patch tests at 48 and 96 hours Results of patch tests to: Case Sex Age Clestol Benzalkonium No (years) Softexe Gypsona chloride Cetrimide wool 100,, 10" 1", 01
Extreme but asymptomatic carboxyhemoglobinemia and chronic lung disease
Authors: R. P. Hebbel
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Carboxyhemoglobinemia is a well-known consequence of carbon monoxide exposure from smoking. However, only moderately elevated levels have been reported. We report the case of an asymptomatic man with severe chronic obstructive lung disease and carboxyhemoglobin levels repeatedly in excess of 30% (maximum, 38.0%) due to smoking. The mechanism by which such high levels were attained was primarily a combination of arterial hypoxia and a high carbon monoxide yield from tobacco. For a given level of carbon monoxide exposure, the hypoxic person will attain a higher carboxyhemoglobin level than will a person without hypoxia. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2584-2586, 1978)
Asbestos and Silica-Induced Changes in Human Alveolar Macrophage Phenotype
Authors: Andrij Holian, Margaret O. Uthman, Tatiana Goltsova, Steven D. Brown, Raymond F. Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The mechanism by which fibrogenic particulates induce inflammation that can progress to lung fibrosis is uncertain.The alveolar macrophage (AM) has been implicated in the inflammatory process because of its function and reported release of inflammatory mediators when isolated from fibrotic patients.It has been recently shown that fibrogenic, but not nonfibrogenic, particulates are highly potent in inducing apoptosis of human AM.In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fibrogenic particulates could shift the phenotypic ratio of human AM to a more inflammatory condition.The macrophage phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry targeting the RFD1 and RFD7 epitopes.Results demonstrated that chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos, as well as crystalline silica, but not titanium dioxide or wollastonite, increased the RFD1 + phenotype (inducer or immune activator macrophages) and decreased the RFD1 +RFD7+ phenotype (suppressor macrophages).These results provide a mechanistic explanation that may link apoptosis (namely, suppressor macrophages) to a shift in the ratio of macrophage phenotypes that could initiate lung inflammation.
A Practical Text-Book of Infection, Immunity and Biologic Therapy. With Special Reference to Immunologic Technic.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Does Not Play a Role in Adaptive Survival Responses to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Eric Odegaard, Chin-Rang Yang, David A. Boothman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

We previously demonstrated that exposure of certain human tumor cells to very low chronic doses of ionizing radiation led to their enhanced survival following exposure to subsequent high doses of radiation.Survival enhancement due to these adaptive survival responses (ASRs) ranged from 1.5-fold to 2.2-fold in many human tumor cells.Furthermore, we showed that ASRs result from altered G1 checkpoint regulation, possibly mediated by overexpression of cyclin Dl, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and the X-ray induction of cyclin A. Because cyclin Dl and PCNA proteins are components of many DNA synthetic and repair processes in the cell, we tested the hypothesis that preexposure of cells to low doses of ionizing radiation enabled activation of the DNA repair machinery needed for survival recovery after high-dose radiation.We examined the role of DNA break repair in ASRs using murine cells deficient (i.e., severe combined immunodeficiency [SCIDI cells) or proficient (i.e., parental mouse strain [CB-1 71 cells) in DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression and DNA double-strand break repair.DNA-PKcs is a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase that is activated by DNA breaks and plays a key role in double-strand break repair.DNA-PKcs also phosphorylates several nuclear DNA-binding regulatory transcription factor proteins (e.g., Spi and p53), which suggests that DNA-PKcs may play a role in regulating transcription, replication, and recombination as well as DNA repair, after radiation.Therefore, we exposed confluent SCID or CB-17 cells to low priming doses of ionizing radiation (i.e., 5 cGy) and compared the survival responses of primed cells to those of unprimed cells after an equitoxic high- dose challenge.Low-dose-primed SCID or CB-17 cells demonstrated 2-fold enhanced survival after a high-dose challenge compared to that of unprimed control cells.These data suggest that expression of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PKcs (expressed in CB-17 not SCID cells) and the presence of active double-strand break repair processes (active in CB-1 7, deficient in SCID cells) do not play a major role in ASRs in mammalian cells.Furthermore, we present data that suggest that DNA-PKcs plays a role in the regulation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint following extremely
Microbiome metabolic therapies reduce microbiota-associated ammonia in ex vivo fecal samples from healthy subjects and patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy and demonstrate improved tolerability over lactulose in a clinical study
Authors: Jasmohan S Bajaj, Kelsey Miller, Jie Tan, Jonathan Lawrence, Norma Palma, Robert S Mittleman, Brian Meehan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The purpose of this text is to integrate current basic scientific knowledge, applied science, and the clinical practice of cardiovascular disease. This approach is contrary to traditional modes of education in many medical schools in the United States and Europe, where basic science and paraclinical and clinical sciences are taught individually and sequentially. Dr John R. Hampton of the University Hospital in Nottingham, England, has assembled a distinguished group of physicians and scientists and carefully integrated their individual contributions into a multidisciplinary approach to understanding cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is approached on a cellular, structural, and functional basis. The components of the heart cell, the contractile proteins, and the processes of excitation, contraction, and relaxation are explained in a simple but comprehensive fashion. Discussions of the development of the heart, control of blood pressure, coagulation, and vascular thrombosis are particularly informative. The subjects of ischemic and rheumatic heart disease and
THE THERAPY OF THE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: BERNARD FANTUS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>THERAPY OF DISTURBANCES DUE TO HEAT</h3> Excessive exposure to heat is liable to result in one of three rather specific conditions: heat cramps, heat prostration or heat stroke. In addition to these, it must be appreciated that, when a person is exposed to excessively high external temperature, a strain is put on the entire system, most especially the circulatory mechanism and the emunctories, so that persons handicapped by almost any systemic disease are prone to suffer from an aggravation of their symptoms entirely because of this functional strain. All such persons are in greater need of protection against such exposures than are normal persons and they can be relieved of distresses due to heat exposure, even though the distresses are not of a specific type, by measures directed against the excessive heat and its results rather than by digitalis, diuretics or hypnotics that might otherwise seem indicated. Even relatively normal
The utility of CPR in elderly persons
Authors: Donald J. Murphy, David B. Matchar
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Jacobs mistakenly assumes that Longstreth et al<sup>1</sup>and we were considering the same populations when reporting outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Longstreth et al reported outcomes for all elderly, including the most robust septuagenarians. We illustrated our model using outcomes for the chronically ill elderly. It is unlikely that the Seattle system, which is one of the best in the country and, therefore, not representative of most urban areas, could achieve a 10% survival to discharge rate for chronically ill elderly. We did not dispose of advance directives. We suggested that they alone will not solve the problem of inappropriate life-sustaining care. Other strategies should supplement advance directives. Our model is based on the aggregate preferences of patients. Dr Jacobs seems to imply that all patients, regardless of prognosis, should determine what level of care is appropriate. What is touted as patient autonomy—patients having the
State Legislation and Use of Feeding Tubes in Cognitively Impaired Patients--Reply
Authors: S. L. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Editors' Choice
Authors: Donald Y.M. Leung, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)

Conventional grass pollen immunotherapy involves the regular administration of high-dose allergen into subcutaneous tissues. For example, grass pollen immunotherapy with maintenance injections containing 20 μg of the major allergen Phl p 5 is clinically effective and profoundly suppresses allergen-induced cutaneous late responses, as measured 24 hours after allergen provocation by means of intradermal injection, with lesser effects on early responses (Francis et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121:1120-5).
Poetry and Medicine
Authors: Jon Mukand
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"A Young Doctor in the Gardner Museum" originally appeared in During Cease-Fire (New York, Harper &amp; Row, 1985) and is reprinted by permission of the poet. The poem is included in Mukand J (ed): Sutured Words: Contemporary Poetry About Medicine (Brookline, Mass, Aviva Press [PO Box 1357], 1987).
Consultant Negotiations
Authors: L. D. Abrams, F. Ashton, A. D. Barnes, M. E. H. Barrow, J. Black, E. P. Bland, V. Brookes, V. Campkin, D. B. Clarke, J. L. Collis, J. J. Corkery, F. Cort, G. Dalton, P. Dawson-Edwards, A. L. Deacon, J. M. Edwards, A. Gourevitch, J. Hamer, R. Hopkinson, J. McN. Inglis, S. E. F. Jones, R. E. Lee, E. T. Mathews, M. Mills, W. Mills, R. G. Mitchell, A. Mortell, R. Mucklow, H. Nicholson, G. D. Oates, C. Price, R. Pusey, D. Reid, B. H. Smith, P. Tomlin, G. T. Watts, J. A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)
The Immature Mouse Is a Suitable Model for Detection of Estrogenicity in the Uterotropic Bioassay
Authors: Elizabeth Padilla-Banks, Wendy N. Jefferson, Retha R. Newbold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The traditional rodent uterotropic response assay has been incorporated into the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's screening and testing program for environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). While much effort continues to focus on determining protocol variables, few studies compare uterotropic responses in rats, a species commonly used in toxicologic testing, with other rodent species. In this study, we compared uterine responses in immature outbred CD-1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. After three daily subcutaneous injections with 17beta-estradiol (0.1-500 microg/kg/day), immature mice and rats demonstrated a similar dose-response increase in absolute uterine wet weight and uterine weight:body weight ratio. Further, morphologic and biochemical parameters of estrogenicity, including uterine epithelial cell height and number, gland number, and induction of estrogen-responsive proteins lactoferrin and complement C3, mirror wet weight increases. We conclude that mice are as well suited as rats for the uterotropic bioassay. Because of the advantages of using mice, including lower costs, less space required, and smaller amounts of compound needed for tests, mice should be given appropriate consideration in testing paradigms for EDCs.
Adequacy of general practitioners' premises for minor surgery.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Objective-Assessment of facilities for minor surgery in general practitioners' premises.Design-Independent inspection of premises and equipment.Setting-Large urban district.Subjects-Premises of all general practitioners who applied to be reimbursed for minor surgery.Main outcome measure-Fulfilment of 14 pre- selected criteria.Results-69 of 111 premises met all criteria and were approved; 23 failed on only one criterion.The commonest reasons for failure were inadequate record keeping and lack of resuscitation equipment.Twelve practices had out of date adrenaline.Conclusions-Most premises are suitable for minor surgery, some with attention needed to record keeping.Practices must pay careful attention to the expiry date of adrenaline.
Contemporary Aspects of Discrete Peak-Detection Algorithms. I. The Paradigm of the Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Signal in Men*
Authors: R. J. URBAN, W. S. EVANS, A. D. ROGOL, D. L. KAISER, M. L. JOHNSON, J. D. VELDHUIS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

WITH THE advent of RIAs to measure low concentrations of circulating hormones in the early 1970s, endocrine investigators were able to recognize that many hormones are secreted in an episodic fashion. The methodology of the RIA permitted repeated measures of a particular hormone in individual subjects over extended intervals, e.g. 24 h. When serial hormone concentrations are plotted over time, the resultant time series exhibits visually distinct regions in which a relative increase is followed by a subsequent decrease in hormone concentrations. These discrete events have been termed pulses. The pulsatile secretion of endocrine products is based upon a complex interaction of peptides, glycoproteins, and steroid hormones termed the neuroendocrine axis. This merging of the neural and endocrine systems begins in the brain where neurons located in the hypothalamus, under the influence of largely unknown suprahypothalamic neurons, secrete peptides termed hypothalamic releasing factors (e.g. GnRH and TRH), which travel to the pituitary gland via the hypophyseal-portal microvascular system. Such releasing factors stimulate specific pituitary cells to release one or more (glyco)protein hormones (e.g. LH and FSH) into the bloodstream. The circulatory compartment then conveys this pituitary signal to the various target sites; viz. cells of the respective endocrine end organs (e.g. ovary, thyroid, adrenal gland). The end organ responds to the trophic signal by secreting its relevant hormone (e.g. estrogen, T4, cortisol) into the bloodstream. The glandular products in turn act through feedback mechanisms to modulate secretion of (neuro)hormones at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels.
FACTS LEADING TO PUBLICATION OF "ARMY FROWNS AND SMILES"
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Book Review Obstetrics and Gynecology . Volume II. By 80 Leading Specialists. Edited by Arthur Hale Curtis, M.D. Complete in 3 Volumes and Separate Desk Index. 3500 pages, 1664 illustrations, many in colors. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1933. Price per set, cloth $35.00 net.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1934)