tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed consent, cultural sensitivity, and respect for persons
Authors: L. O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The doctrine of informed consent to medical treatment or research is grounded in the ethical principle of respect for persons that regards individuals as autonomous agents "capable of deliberation about personal goals and of acting under the direction of such deliberation."<sup>1</sup>International ethical codes and human rights law appear to accept informed consent as a universal expression of respect for persons. The Nuremberg Code, Helsinki IV, and the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences' ethical guidelines focus on the need for full disclosure to enable individuals to make free and informed decisions. Informed consent is also thought to be incorporated into the right to security of the person recognized in the International Bill of Human Rights. The right to autonomy or self-determination, then, is broadly perceived to be a morally necessary method of demonstrating genuine respect for human integrity. See also pp 820 and 826. But is the
Externally mounted heart pump uses velour lining
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11750: Inactivation of Cardiac Foxo1 by Insulin Signaling is Required for Cardiac Function and Suppression of β-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression
Authors: Yajuan Qi, Yuxin Wu, Candice Thomas, Rajesh Kumar, Kenneth M Baker, Shaodong Guo
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA and is closely associated with diabetes mellitus. The molecular link between diabetes and heart failure is incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated that insulin receptor substrate 1, 2 (IRS1, 2) are key components of insulin signaling and their dysfunction mediates insulin resistance, resulting in metabolic dysregulation and heart failure. Loss of IRS1 and IRS2 is associated with downstream Akt inactivation and in turn activation of the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1. To determine the role of Foxo1 in control of heart failure in insulin resistance and diabetes, we generated mice lacking Foxo1 gene specifically in the heart. Mice lacking both IRS1 and IRS2 in adult hearts exhibited severe heart failure and a remarkable increase in the β-isoform of myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) gene expression, while deletion of cardiac Foxo1 gene largely prevented the heart failure and resulted in a decrease in β-MHC expression. The effect of Foxo1 deficiency on rescuing cardiac dysfunction was also observed in db/db mice and high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Using cultures of primary ventricular cardiomyocytes, we found that Foxo1 interacts with the promoter region of β-MHC and stimulates gene expression, mediating an effect of insulin that suppresses β-MHC expression. Taken together, our study suggests that Foxo1 has important roles in promoting diabetic cardiomyopathy and controls β-MHC expression in development of cardiac dysfunction. Targeting Foxo1 and its regulation will provide novel strategies in preventing metabolic and myocardial dysfunction and influencing MHC plasticity in diabetes mellitus.
New Agents Designed to Fight EBV+ Cancers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Researchers report using structure-based design to create small molecules capable of preventing the viral protein Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 from binding to DNA, thus blocking viral replication. The molecules inhibited the growth of tumors in cell lines and in patient-derived xenografts of Epstein-Barr virus-positive cancers.
The possible role of tobacco cigarette smoking in hyponatremia of long-term psychiatric patients
Authors: A. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1984)

HYPONATREMIA in psychiatric patients is found infrequently, but it may represent a medical emergency with an occasionally lethal outcome.<sup>1</sup>Once gastrointestinal tract sodium loss, adrenal gland insufficiency, renal disease, congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or use of diuretics are ruled out as causes of true low serum sodium concentration, there is still a group of patients with episodes of hyponatremia for which the causality is elusive. Low levels of serum sodium in these cases are usually ascribed to psychotropic drug—induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and excessive fluid intake. An SIADH induced by postulated neuroendocrine mechanisms triggered through the emotional stress of psychosis has been described in the literature. Excessive fluid intake is frequently observed among hospitalized psychiatric patients. A study of 241 such patients identified 41 (17.5%) with polydipsia. Their estimated fluid intake ranged from 4 to 10 L/day, and 24-hour urine volumes from 2,120 to
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Nicholas Russo, Robert S. Brown, Shawn L. Shah, Tibor I. Krisko, Christopher S. Krumm, Hayley T. Nicholls, Omar Mousa, Harmeet Malhi, Robert E. Schwartz, Zurabi Lominadze, Russell Rosenblatt, Brett E. Fortune, Joseph F. Pisa, Arun B. Jesudian, Vikas Gupta, Zaid H. Tafesh
Journal: Hepatology (2019)

Russo, Nicholas; Brown, Robert S. Jr.1; Shah, Shawn L.*; Krisko, Tibor I.1; Krumm, Christopher S.**; Nicholls, Hayley T.1; Mousa, Omar***; Malhi, Harmeet2; Schwartz, Robert E.1; Lominadze, Zurabi****; Rosenblatt, Russell****; Fortune, Brett E.1; Pisa, Joseph F.; Jesudian, Arun B.1; Gupta, Vikas*; Tafesh, Zaid H.* Author Information
Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2004)

Basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are the most common human cancers. They were estimated to have an incidence of more than one million cases in the United States in 2003. Although rarely metastatic, basal cell and squamous cell cancers can produce significant local destruction and disfigurement and may involve extensive areas of soft tissue, cartilage, and bone. The estimated annual cost of treating these two diseases in the United States exceeds $500 million.For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
Detection of type 2-like T-helper cells in hepatitis C virus infection: Implications for hepatitis C virus chronicity
Authors: S Tsai
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

One striking clinical feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is that more than 50% of patients with acute hepatitis C will develop chronic infection. To investigate its possible mechanisms, we examined the activation of type 2-like T-helper (Th2-like) cells relating to the development of chronicity. Peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to a panel of recombinant HCV antigens including core (C22), envelope 1 (E1), E2, nonstructural (NS) protein 4 (C100), fusion protein of NS3 and NS4 (C200), and NS5 were assayed in 17 patients with acute hepatitis C. All six patients with self-limited disease had a significant CD4+ T-cell proliferation to C22, E1, C100, C200, and NS5, running parallel with the antigen-stimulated secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon γ (IFN-γ), but not with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10, indicating predominant Th1 responses. Among the remaining 11 patients who developed chronicity, 6, 2, and 9 cases showed a specific CD4+ T-cell response to C22, C100, and C200, respectively, and the responses were significantly lower than those of cases with recovery in terms of stimulation index (SI) (P < .05) and of antigen-stimulated IL-2 and IFN-γ production. Importantly, IL-4 and IL-10 (Th2 responses) were detectable, and C22-specific Th2-like T-cell clones could be generated from patients with chronicity. The data suggested that activation of Th2 responses in acute hepatitis C patients may play a role in the development of chronicity.
Effectiveness of discontinuing antibiotic treatment after three days versus eight days in mild to moderate-severe community acquired pneumonia: randomised, double blind study
Journal: BMJ (2006)

serogroup A organisms.Travellers to this area and pilgrims on the annual Hajj to Mecca are advised to be immunised against serogroup A disease.Vaccines for group B disease suitable for routine use in young children have not so far been developed.The possibility of protection against meningococcal disease by blocking pharyngeal binding with Neisseria lactamica is intriguing, w9 but it only tackles one aspect of the predisposing conditions for meningococcal infection.Competing interests: Both authors have received research grants from the Meningitis Research Foundation.APJT acts as an expert witness
World's Fair.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THALLIUM NEURITIS
Authors: Francis A. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It seems odd that Cobb and Coggeshall in their extensive and instructive article on neuritis (The Journal, November 24, p. 1608) in listing the chemical causes of neuritis should have overlooked or omitted thallium. This element has been used for the removal of hair in the treatment of tinea capitis, and although its use by dermatologists has been markedly restricted because of the danger of neuritis resulting in blindness or paralysis, the "patent" drug promoters fearlessly entered the field, as exemplified by Koremlu, which bankrupted its backers through numerous lawsuits. Thallium is also used extensively as a rodenticide (Munch, J. C.; Ginsburg, H. M., and Nixon, C. E.: The 1932 Thallotoxicosis Outbreak in California,The Journal, April 29, 1933, p. 1315) and in nonfatal doses may also cause polyneuritis and optic atrophy.
Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of fudr (F), leucovorin (L), adriamycin (A), and platinol (P),(FLAP) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Effect of hepatitis B and C viral markers on toxicity and patient survival Patt YZ, Yoffe B, Charnsangavej C, Smith R, Lawrence D, Chuang V, Roh M, Chase J, Fischer H, Levin B, U.T. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Comment: operate and-or irradiate?
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Before 1950, when radiation doses ranged from 150 to 400 kv, combining surgery and radiotherapy was always done cautiously. Large doses of such quality of irradiation led to late changes in connective tissues and vessels. It was reasoned that preoperative irradiation sclerosed blood and lymph vessels, so that as the tumor regressed, the surgeon would not only have a safer margin, but would not be as likely to disseminate the cancer during surgery. When irradiation was given in the immediate postoperative period, it eradicated foci of microscopic cancer cells or entrapped them in a fibrotic scar so they could not spread. The initial concern in combining both methods was that it might lead to so great a chance of morbidity that it could offset the gain in tumor control. Routine use of preoperative or postoperative irradiation in head and neck cancers was rare. Thinking changed in the 1950s for two
Phase I study of the safety and activity of formulated IL-12 plasmid administered intraperitoneally in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
Authors: Premal H. Thaker, William Hampton Bradley, Charles A. Leath, Camille Catherine Gunderson, Nicholas Borys, Lauren Musso, Khursheed Anwer, Ronald David Alvarez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

2 Background: This study evaluated weekly intraperitoneal (IP) GEN-1, an IL-12 plasmid formulated with polyethyleneglycol-polyethyleneimine-cholesterol lipopolymer, with intravenous (IV) weekly taxane (T) and carboplatinum (C) every 3 weeks in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAC). The primary objective was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of GEN-1 with NAC. Secondary objectives included objective clinical response and pathological response at interval debulking surgery (IDS). Methods: Newly diagnosed EOC patients with no prior therapies were eligible. The trial utilized a 3+3 design with dose escalation in ~30% increments at GEN-1 IP dose levels of 36 mg/m 2 , 47 mg/m 2 , 61 mg/m 2 , and 79 mg/m 2 weekly for 8 treatments with concurrent IV T/C. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was based on the first 4 doses of GEN-1 administered. Results: 18 patients were enrolled into the study and 12 of those patients received all 8 treatments with no DLTs. 14 patients underwent IDS. Most common related toxicities were Gr 1 nausea, abdominal pain and fatigue. One patient experienced Gr 2 fevers associated with GEN-1 but responded to acetaminophen and fluids. Conclusions: Adding GEN-1 to T/C is safe and appears to be active in EOC patients receiving NAC. Dose limiting toxicity was not reached and further dose escalation and safety and activity is being evaluated in an ongoing phase I/II study. Clinical trial information: NCT02480374. [Table: see text]
Management of the Severely Anemic Jehovah's Witness
Authors: Amin U. Haq
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 July 1993Management of the Severely Anemic Jehovah's WitnessAmin U. Haq, MDAmin U. Haq, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their comprehensive and very informative article on the management of severely anemic Jehovah's Witness patients, Mann and colleagues [1] mentioned desmopressin to reduce intraoperative and perioperative blood loss. Another drug, aprotinin, might be useful in such circumstances. Aprotinin has been used in heart surgery because it decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements by as much as 80% during cardiopulmonary bypass [2]. It probably acts by inhibiting kallikrein [3]. Decreased production of kallikrein results in decreased factor XIIa generation, which in turn leads to diminished tissue plasminogen activator production [4]. In addition, aprotinin is a serine protease ...References1. Mann MC, Votto J, Kambe J, McNamee MJ. Management of severely anemic patient who refuses transfusion: lessons learned during the care of a Jehovah's Witness. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:1042-8. Google Scholar2. Royston D, Bidstrup BP, Taylor KM, Sapsford RN. Effect of aprotinin on need for blood transfusion after repeat open-heart surgery. Lancet. 1987; 2:1289-91. Google Scholar3. Fritz H, Wunderer G. Biochemistry and applications of aprotinin, the kallikrein inhibitor from bovine organs. Drug Res. 1983; 33:479-94. Google Scholar4. Hunt BJ, Cottam S, Segal H, Ginsburg R, Potter D. Inhibition by aprotinin of tPA-mediated fibrinolysis during orthotopic liver transplantation. Lancet. 1990; 336:381. Google Scholar5. van Oeveren W, Jansen NJ, Bidstrup BP, Royston D, Westaby S, Neuhof H, et al. Effect of aprotinin on hemostatic mechanisms during cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg. 1987; 44:640-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Amin U. Haq, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 2Page: 169-170KeywordsBlood transfusionCardiac surgeryCardiopulmonary bypassDrugsEnzymesHemorrhagePlasminsPlateletsSerine proteasesTissue plasminogen activator ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Health Care Ethics
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Work Characteristics and Pesticide Exposures among Migrant Agricultural Families: A Community-Based Research Approach
Authors: Linda A. McCauley, Michael R. Lasarev, Gregory Higgins, Joan Rothlein, Juan Muniz, Caren Ebbert, Jacki Phillips
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

There are few data on pesticide exposures of migrant Latino farmworker children, and access to this vulnerable population is often difficult. In this paper we describe a community-based approach to implement culturally appropriate research methods with a migrant Latino farmworker community in Oregon. Assessments were conducted in 96 farmworker homes and 24 grower homes in two agricultural communities in Oregon. Measurements included surveys of pesticide use and work protection practices and analyses of home-dust samples for pesticide residues of major organophosphates used in area crops. Results indicate that migrant farmworker housing is diverse, and the amounts and types of pesticide residues found in homes differ. Azinphos-methyl (AZM) was the pesticide residue found most often in both farmworker and grower homes. The median level of AZM in farmworker homes was 1.45 ppm compared to 1.64 ppm in the entry area of grower homes. The median level of AZM in the play areas of grower homes was 0.71 ppm. The levels of AZM in migrant farmworker homes were most associated with the distance from fields and the number of agricultural workers in the home. Although the levels of AZM in growers and farmworker homes were comparable in certain areas, potential for disproportionate exposures occur in areas of the homes where children are most likely to play. The relationship between home resident density, levels of pesticide residues, and play behaviors of children merit further attention.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: William H. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate receiving the above correspondence and welcome the opportunity to reply. Dr Neathawk and colleagues and Dr Tek have appropriately indicated that the dosage of sodium nitroprusside as published (10 to 20 mg/min) is much too high. The correction, published in this issue,<sup>1</sup>corrects the milligrams to micrograms, which was the original intent. It should now read 10 to 20 μg/min. Product prescribing information states that the dosage range is 0.5 to 10 μg/kg/min, and, assuming a 70-kg victim, the initial dose would be 35 to 700 μg/min. The standards and guidelines clearly recommend a lower initial dose; however, this is consistent with the philosophy adopted for all drug administration in the standards and guidelines. All initial dosages are purposefully on the low side to accommodate a broad range of clinical situations to avoid unnecessary morbidity and unnecessary complications in critical situations. These low initial doses
Efficacy and safety results from a phase III trial of nivolumab (NIVO) alone or combined with ipilimumab (IPI) versus IPI alone in treatment-naive patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) (CheckMate 067).
Authors: Jedd D. Wolchok, Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Rene Gonzalez, Piotr Rutkowski, Jean Jacques Grob, Charles Lance Cowey, Christopher D. Lao, Dirk Schadendorf, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Michael Smylie, Reinhard Dummer, Andrew Graham Hill, John B. A. G. Haanen, Michele Maio, Grant A. McArthur, Arvin Yang, Linda Rollin, Christine E. Horak, James M. G. Larkin, F. Stephen Hodi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

LBA1 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstracts.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Sunday, May 31, 2015, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2015, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Sunday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Frederick A. J. Kingery
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE CORRECT identification of the sensitizer in allergic contact dermatitis should challenge any amateur sleuth. A sensitizing substance may be present in several functionally unrelated materials; chrome, for example, is found in cement, tanned leather, and plated metals. Similar chemicals are incorporated in drugs of diverse pharmacologic effect, such as the para-amino-benzoic group in sulfonamides, diuretics, anesthetics, and oral hypoglycemic agents. Cross reactions to all of these drugs can occur in a person with a sensitivity to this group. From the clinical standpoint, this type of information can be correlated with the distribution of eczematous disease, which is the visible expression of the antigen-antibody reaction. The presence of eczema denotes the antigen at the site, because antibody is available at all sites. Also, a patch test to the responsible antigen will usually give a delayed eczematous reaction in 48 to 72 hours, lending further support to correct identification. The problem