tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
John H. Talbott, MD: 10th JAMA editor
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1990)

JOHN HAROLD TALBOTT, MD, 10th editor of<i>JAMA</i>, is dead at the age of 88 years. "It's a long way from Grinnell [Iowa, his birthplace] to Delray [Beach, Fla, where he died of lymphoma October 10]," he told interviewer Nancy Yanes Hoffman, PhD, 7 years ago (<i>JAMA</i>. 1983;249:2606-2612), "and it's been a good journey, every step of the way." With him through much of that journey, and surviving him, is his wife of 59 years, the former Florence Mildred Cherry, whom he met when he was an intern at Presbyterian Hospital in New York and she was a nursing student. Other survivors include their son, John Andrew Talbott, MD, professor and chair, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore; daughter, Cherry, Glenwood Springs, Colo; four grandchildren; and two of his three brothers. All four brothers attended Grinnell College and went on to graduate schools at Harvard where, perhaps influenced by
Apple News
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Toshifumi Tada, Yasuhiro Sone, Yuji Kaneoka, Atsuyuki Maeda, Yasunori Minami, Masatoshi Kudo, Abby B. Siegel, Anthony B. El-Khoueiry, Richard S. Finn, Katherine A. Guthrie, Abhishek Goyal, Alan P. Venook, Charles D. Blanke, Elizabeth C. Verna, Lorna Dove, Jean Emond, Tomoaki Kato, Benjamin Samstein, Ronald Busuttil, Helen Remotti, Amy Coffey, Robert S. Brown Jr, Chiun Hsu, Bang-Bin Chen, Chien-Hung Chen, Ming-Chih Ho, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Norihiro Kokudo, Takamichi Murakami, Winnie Yeo, Jinsil Seong, Ji-Dong Jia, Kwan-Hyub Han, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: Liver Cancer (2015)
Phenindione Toxicity
Authors: P. W. M. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1965)

African rural population (10 July, p. 111) will come as a shock to those who may have changed from moderate cigarette smoking to pipe smoking as a preventive measure.Contrasting the relative lung-cancer death rates for (1) smokers of up to 20 cigarettes a day and (2) pipe smokers in his survey and that of Hammond and Horn' in America gives the following results: Lung-cancer Lung-cancer Mortality Mortality Compared with Compared with that of that of the Non-smokers Total Average > $ > uS.> d_ U-U ~hU C4 0Hammond and Horn's study of white Americans aged 50- 69 (1952-5)' .. 793% 301% 149% 57%NODean's study of white South Africans aged 45-64 (1947-60) 186% 486% 43%/o 113%
Advice on the choice of a library. Written for a young girl by Joseph Francois Malgaigne
Authors: F. B. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Joseph François Malgaigne, eminent French surgeon of the 19th century, wrote for Mlle. Aline Chardin, the young daughter of an old friend, words of advice on the choice of a library. These remarks,<i>Conseils pour le choix d'une bibliothèque, écrits pour une jeune fille</i>, were not printed during Malgaigne's lifetime. The manuscript was given to his biographer and son-in-law, Edouard Pilastre, by the dedicatee, Mme. Aline Chardin Chazal. M. Pilastre, a lawyer who during his student days had listened to his medical friends praise the virtues of their great professor, reproduced the<i>Conseils</i>in his biography of Malgaigne, published in 1905.<sup>1</sup>Thirty-one years later, the American bibliophile Frank Altschul produced the first separate printing of this French literary period piece.<sup>2</sup> Its author, Joseph François Malgaigne, was born on Feb 14, 1806, in the Vosges town of Charmes, on the left bank of the Moselle River. Son of the
Frequency of Impaired Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Signaling as a Cause of Normosmic Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Taneli Raivio, Yisrael Sidis, Lacey Plummer, Huaibin Chen, Jinghong Ma, Abir Mukherjee, Elka Jacobson-Dickman, Richard Quinton, Guy Van Vliet, Helene Lavoie, Virginia A. Hughes, Andrew Dwyer, Frances J. Hayes, Shuyun Xu, Susan Sparks, Ursula B. Kaiser, Moosa Mohammadi, Nelly Pitteloud
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

FGFR1 mutations have been identified in about 10% of patients with Kallmann syndrome. Recently cases of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) with a normal sense of smell (nIHH) have been reported. The objective of the study was to define the frequency of FGFR1 mutations in a large cohort of nIHH, delineate the spectrum of reproductive phenotypes, assess functionality of the FGFR1 mutant alleles in vitro, and investigate genotype-phenotype relationships. FGFR1 sequencing of 134 well-characterized nIHH patients (112 men and 22 women) and 270 healthy controls was performed. The impact of the identified mutations on FGFR1 function was assessed using structural prediction and in vitro studies. Nine nIHH subjects (five males and four females; 7%) harbor a heterozygous mutation in FGFR1 and exhibit a wide spectrum of pubertal development, ranging from absent puberty to reversal of IHH in both sexes. All mutations impair receptor function. The Y99C, Y228D, and I239T mutants impair the tertiary folding, resulting in incomplete glycosylation and reduced cell surface expression. The R250Q mutant reduces receptor affinity for FGF. The K618N, A671P, and Q680X mutants impair tyrosine kinase activity. However, the degree of functional impairment of the mutant receptors did not always correlate with the reproductive phenotype, and variable expressivity of the disease was noted within family members carrying the same FGFR1 mutation. These discrepancies were partially explained by additional mutations in known IHH loci. Loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 underlie 7% of nIHH with different degrees of impairment in vitro. These mutations act in concert with other gene defects in several cases, consistent with oligogenicity.
化脓性汗腺炎量表的评定者间可靠性和一致性
Authors: L. Thorlacius, A. Garg, P.T. Riis, S.M. Nielsen, V. Bettoli, J.R. Ingram, V. Marmol, L. Matusiak, J.C. Pascual, J. Revuz, K. Sartorius, T. Tzellos, H.H. Zee, C.C. Zouboulis, D.M. Saunte, A.B. Gottlieb, R. Christensen, G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

化脓性汗腺炎 (HS) 是一种慢性皮肤病,在皮肤相互接触部位(如腋下和腹股沟)有疼痛性毒疮发作。在全世界,每 1000 人中有约 1 到 40 人受此病影响。当尝试在一项临床试验中测量治疗效果时,会使用所谓的“结局测量量表”。已有一些方法估计存在“多少”疾病。结局测量量表的测量结果应正确且不发生随机变化,显而易见这很重要。之前已证实,HS 试验中使用的结局测量量表缺乏可靠性验证。因此,这项研究旨在明确,在使用 9 种不同的量表时,12 名具有 HS经验的皮肤科医生对 24 名 HS 患者的评分一致性如何。这项研究显示,一种名为 Hurley 分期的量表在评分一致性方面是可接受的量表。但是,Hurley 分期仅适合严重程度分期,以指导各期的最适合治疗。对于指定测量疾病严重程度变化的量表,发现其在评定皮肤科医生之间的一致性低。因此,这些结果引出了以下问题,即基于医生对个体 HS 皮损(受影响斑片)计数的传统量表是否能够最好地测量 HS 身体体征。所以,应当考虑使用如超声等技术的其他 HS 身体体征评估方法。
IgG is associated with the asialoglycoprotein receptor in the human liver
Authors: T Inamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Various pathophysiological relationships between IgA and the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytes have been proposed. As a step toward defining these relationships, we purified the receptor from human livers by means of p-aminophenyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside-agarose affinity chromatography. Unexpectedly, we found the asialoglycoprotein receptor to be associated specifically with IgG. Evidence for the specific association included the following: (a) IgG, but little IgA or IgM, was associated with asialoglycoprotein receptor that had been bound to asialoorosomucoid in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; (b) the asialoglycoprotein receptor–associated IgG was predominantly IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses, whereas serum IgG is predominantly IgG1; and (c) some asialoglycoprotein receptor was specifically recovered together with IgG from an anti-IgG affinity column. The association of IgG with asialoglycoprotein receptor was not mediated by receptor recognition of carbohydrate moieties because IgG neither bound directly to asialoglycoprotein receptor nor inhibited binding of asialoglycoprotein receptor to asialoorosomucoid in vitro. The association could not be attributed to antigen-antibody interaction either. We conclude that IgG is associated in vitro with the asialoglycoprotein receptor by a mechanism not yet fully defined and speculate that the IgG serves an immunological function. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1070–1075.)
Abstract MP32: Long Term Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in African Americans - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Amir Azeem, Solomon K Musani, Walter L Beard, Thomas H Mosley, Kenneth R Butler, Ervin R Fox
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects a large number of Americans with an estimated lifetime risk of over 20% among individuals over the age of 40 years. Heart failure is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and health care cost. Epidemiological data suggests that HF disproportionately affects African Americans. Existing risk prediction models may not accurately predict the risk of incident HF in this population limiting the implementation of screening and preventive strategies. We sought to examine the predictors of incident heart failure in a community-based African American cohort. Methods: The study population consisted of 2244 African American participants from the Jackson cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Participants with prevalent HF and missing data at the baseline were excluded. Cox proportional regression with backward elimination was used to assess the association of risk markers with first clinical HF event as follows: Model 1 - standard cardiovascular risk factors (age, gender, body mass index [BMI], systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medication, diabetes status, current smoking, total cholesterol-HDL ratio [TC:HDL], logarithmically transformed-triglyceride); Model 2 - significant standard risk factors and biomarkers (logarithmically transformed-brain natriuretic peptide [BNP], logarithmically transformed-troponin, logarithmically transformed-albumin-creatinine ratio); Model 3 - significant standard risk factors and subclinical disease markers (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], ankle-brachial index, forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], forced vital capacity, left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 50%, left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7); Model 4 - significant standard risk factors, significant biomarkers, and significant subclinical disease markers. Results: The mean age and BMI were 58 years and 30 kg/m2 respectively. During a median follow-up of 18.1 years (maximum 19.8), there were 268 incident HF events. Triglyceride from Model 1, Troponin and Albumin-Creatinine ratio from Model 2, and eGFR from Model 3 were eliminated. In the final model, diabetes status (Hazard Ratio [95% Confidence Interval]: 1.76 [1.07, 2.89]), use of anti-hypertensive medication (2.38 [1.40, 4.06]), TC:HDL (1.34 [1.18, 1.52]) and BNP (1.28 [1.14, 1.44]) were significant predictors of incident HF. Higher FEV1 was associated with reduced risk of HF in this study (0.29 [0.11, 0.76]). Conclusion: In this community-dwelling African American population, diabetes status, use of anti-hypertensive medication, TC:HDL ratio, BNP and FEV1 were independent predictors of incident HF. This information may be useful to identify and target high risk individuals for aggressive preventive interventions.
Mineral Properties and Their Contributions to Particle Toxicity
Authors: George D. Guthrie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

It has been recognized since at least as early as the mid-1500s that inhaled minerals (i.e., inorganic particles) can pose a risk.Extensive research has focused on the biological mechanisms responsible for asbestos-and silica-induced diseases, but much less attention has been paid to the mineralogical properties and geochemical mechanisms that might influence a mineral's biological activity.Several important mineralogical characteristics control a mineral's reactivity in geochemical reactions and are likely to determine its biological reactivity.In addition to the traditionally considered variables of particle size and shape, mineralogical characteristics such as dissolution behavior, ion exchange, sorptive properties, and the nature of the mineral surface (e.g., surface reactivity) play important roles in determining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of a particle.Ultimately, a mineral's species (which provides direct information on a mineral's structure and composition) is probably one of the most significant yet most neglected factors that must be considered in studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity.
Many emergency ambulance calls have communication difficulties
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery may be harmfulEarly feeding after gastrointestinal surgery reduces the risk of infections and shortens length of stay in hospital.Lewis and colleagues (p 773) systematically reviewed the evidence from randomised controlled trials that compared early feeding with management by "nil by mouth" after elective gastrointestinal surgery.The authors argue that keeping patients nil by mouth may do more harm than good and that a large trial is required to confirm or refute the benefits of early feeding that were seen in small trials.
Abstract 3685: HOTAIR regulation and functionality in ovarian cancer stem cells
Authors: Weini Wang, Fang Fang, Ali Ozes, Kenneth P. Nephew
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among American women. Persistence of OC stem cells (OCSCs) is believed to contribute to resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and disease relapse. We have previously shown that epigenetic changes in OCSCs play a role in post-therapy OCSC persistence and demonstrated that is it possible to target OCSC using epigenetic therapies. HOXC transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) has been shown to be associated with chemoresistance and to be overexpressed in many types of cancers, including high-grade serous OC (HGSOC). HOTAIR interacts with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and due to its histone methyltransferases activity plays a key role in chromatin remodeling. Because HOTAIR is a known epigenetic regulator of differentiation and developmental genes in OC and other cancers, we hypothesize that HOTAIR is a key epigenetic regulator in OCSCs and therapeutically targeting HOTAIR in OCSCs will prevent tumor relapse. The goal of this study is to understand the role of HOTAIR in regulating OCSCs and further dissect the mechanism of action of HOTAIR in OCSCs. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and FACS was used to separate OCSCs from non-OCSCs in a panel of HGSOC cell lines (OVCAR3, CAOV3, OVCAR5, Kuramochi, COV362). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that HOTAIR was overexpressed in OCSC cells compared to non-OCSC cells. Knockout of HOTAIR using CRISPR-Cas9 system significantly decreased OCSC population and stemness-related phenotypes, including spheroid formation and colony formation ability. Overexpression of HOTAIR in HGSOC cells significantly increased these stem-like characteristics. Furthermore, targeting HOTAIR using peptide nucleic acid (PNA), which blocks interaction with Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2), significantly decreased the OCSC population, indicating HOTAIR functions through EZH2 in regulating OCSCs. Combining the HOTAIR-targeting PNA with other epigenetic inhibitors, including the hypomethylating agent guadecitabine and the EZH2 inhibitor GSK503, significantly decreased proliferation and colony formation ability of HGSOC cells. We suggest that a better understanding of HOTAIR will facilitate identifying epigenomic alterations and chromatin landscape that contributes to OCSC phenotypes. Targeting HOTAIR in combination with epigenetic therapies may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor relapse. Citation Format: Weini Wang, Fang Fang, Ali Ozes, Kenneth P. Nephew. HOTAIR regulation and functionality in ovarian cancer stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3685.
Treatment of partial priapism with an intracavernous injection of etilefrine
Authors: W. Albrecht
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Partial priapism affects the proximal penis and is rare. Only 7 such cases have been reported,<sup>1</sup>and all have been treated surgically. Etilefrine, a sympathomimetic drug available in much of Europe but not the United States, has been used as an intracavernous injection in the treatment of classic priapism.<sup>2,3</sup>This is the first report of successful treatment of partial priapism by an intracavernous injection of the vasoactive drug etilefrine. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 29-year-old man presented with a perineal mass causing discomfort. The symptoms began 4 days prior to admission and were associated with impotence. No trauma or other unusual event was reported. He gave no history of similar episodes and denied taking drugs known to cause priapism.<sup>2</sup> Physical examination revealed a painless perineal mass of elastic consistency involving the penoscrotal junction and extending along the right proximal corpus cavernosum. The distal penis
Estrogen receptors in human cancers
Authors: E. V. Jensen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In the seven years since the first clinical correlations were reported from our laboratory, the utility of estrogen receptor assays on excised tumor tissue has become well established as an aid in deciding which patients with advanced breast cancer should be treated by endocrine ablation (oophorectomy, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy) or by hormone administration, and which should be placed directly on chemotherapy. The experience of many investigators<sup>1</sup>has confirmed the original conclusion that patients whose tumors contain no detectable estrogen receptor protein (estrophilin) have little chance of benefit from endocrine therapy, whereas most, but not all, women with receptor-containing breast cancers will respond favorably to endocrine manipulation. Recent evidence,<sup>2</sup>though still limited, indicates that estrophilin analyses of stage I and stage II primary tumors can be used to predict response to endocrine therapy when disseminated disease appears at a later time. These observations, if confirmed, suggest the value of routinely
Drug Safety Takes Cooperation
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Future directions
Authors: S. M. Grundy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The importance of high serum cholesterol levels as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and the benefit of lowering cholesterol levels for reducing risk are being increasingly accepted. A broad consensus to this effect has led to the establishment of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Although the available evidence fully justifies this program, its practical application to the American public has generated a series of new questions that must be explored. For example, it can be questioned whether reduction in coronary risk through lowering cholesterol levels extends to both sexes and all age groups. For people with high cholesterol levels, dietary modification is undoubtedly the first step of management, but the fraction of people responding adequately to dietary change remains to be determined. Finally, indications for drug therapy and choice of drugs need further exploration, particularly in the area of cost vs benefit. Thus, continuing research must be carried out in parallel with clinical and public health application of cholesterol education. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:3053-3059)
Chemical Liver Carcinogenesis: Monitoring of the Process by Flow Cytometric DNA Measurements
Authors: Vemund Digernes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The carcinogenic process in the liver was monitored from early nonneoplastic changes to the development of tumors in two well-known models; IP administration of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to newborn mice, and feeding of rats with acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Liver parenchyma cells and liver tumor cells were isolated by collagenase treatment and prepared for flow cytometric (FCM) measurements of nuclear DNA content. The changes observed were correlated to morphology and 3H-thymidine incorporation. The early preneoplastic changes in hepatocytes from DMN-treated mice were shifts in the DNA content to classes of higher nuclear ploidies. AAF-feeding of rats caused gradual distortion of the DNA content of nuclei from parenchymal cells. After 16 weeks of exposure, before any tumors were seen, a majority of the nuclei displayed an aneuploid DNA content. The significance of these changes in the carcinogenic process is discussed, and a possible use of these models for detection of hepatotropic agents and agents causing aneuploidy (clastogens and turbagens) is proposed. The liver neoplasias (adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas) induced by these models contained tumor stemlines with diploid DNA content, and some hepatocellular carcinomas showed aneuploidy. Nodules of hyperplasia contained diploid and tetraploid stemline.
?-arginine minimizes reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow model of liver perfusion.
Authors: S Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A low-flow, reflow model of liver perfusion was used in the rat to investigate the effects of L-arginine on reperfusion injury in the absence of blood elements. In contrast to in vivo studies, L-arginine cannot minimize hypoxia by improving the microcirculation under these special conditions, but rather can only increase oxygen delivery upon reflow. During reflow, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release reached a new steady-state value of 35 ± 3 U/g/h in livers perfused in the absence of L-arginine. L-Arginine (0.1 mmol/L) significantly reduced LDH release during reflow to 14 ± 1 U/g/h; higher concentrations (1.0-3.0 mmol/L) were less effective and the arginine analogue Nomega-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.3 mmol/L) reversed the protective effect completely. Infusion of the biologically inactive isomer D- arginine (0.1 mmol/L had no effect on the observed reperfusion injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA) release during reflow averaged 92 ± 10 nmol/g/h and was decreased significantly to 47 ± 13 nmol/g/h with L-arginine (0.1 mmol/L). Oxygen uptake during reflow was not significantly altered by L-arginine, although the time required to reach steady state values upon reflow was reduced significantly (about twofold), indicating improved microcirculation. Trypan blue distribution time, which is used to index the hepatic microcirculation, was decreased significantly from 330 ± 17 to 227 ± 31 seconds by L-arginine, an effect also blocked by L-NAME. Additionally, L-arginine, significantly increased both the rate of entry and exit of fluorescein-dextran, a dye confined to the vascular space, by approximately 50%, also reflecting improved microcirculation. Collectively , these findings indicate that L-arginine protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in a blood-free perfusion model specifically during the reoxygenation period. It is likely that L-arginine rapidly removes substrates for free radical generation by improving the microcirculation. (Hepatology 1996 Jul;24(1):163-8)