tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRIDAY 15TH SEPTEMBER
Authors: M Ozmen, A Gough, P Sarsfield, C Johnson, Ilp Beales, S Srinivasan, J Scheiman, M Blaser', L Post, J Calam', J Park, T Yamadae, Del Valle, D Pertt, Fathing Digestiv, Dias Rarch, Mah Russell, C Feyerabend, J Mayberry, Farthing Unvesty Of Za, Dell Olio, Msubh Ng, G Butcher, M Pazinas, L Ang, C Collis, J Maxwell, N Thompson, D Fleming, J Satsangi, C Grootscholten, H Holt, D Jewell
Journal: Gut (1995)

H pylori is a fastidious organism strongly associated with gastric disease.A variety of protocols have been developed for its detection.Of these histology and culture have been considered the most specific, whereas the CLO-test is more sensitive.Nested-PCR is highly sensitive and specific for detection of small numbers of cells.The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of nested PCR, CLO-test and histology in the diagnosis of H pylori infection.41 dyspeptic patients (25M, 16F) median (range) age 54 (31-83) years, who had endoscopy were studied.No patient had peptic ulceration.All assays, CLO-test, histology and PCR were performed on biopsies obtained from the gastric antrum.The same sample was used for both CLO-test and nested PCR.22 (54%), 19 (50%) and 35 (85%) samples were positive by CLO- test, histology (3 missing) and nested PCR respectively.23 samples were positive by PCR and one or both of histology and CLO-test.12 samples were negative to both histology and CLO-test, but positive to PCR.Six samples were negative on all three tests and no sample was negative to nested PCR and positive for another test.If CLO- test/histology is taken as the standard, nested PCR has a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 65%.If nested PCR is the standard, CLO- test/histology has a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 100%.False negative results with CLO-test and histology may result from scanty infection.The power of nested PCR to detect small numbers of organisms may explain positive results in these cases.However, minute amounts of contaminating material can give false positive results with PCR.Provided that care is taken to prevent contamination during sampling and DNA extrction, nested PCR seems a good candidate for gold standard status in the diagnosis of H pylori infection.
Toxic megacolon associated with loperamide therapy
Authors: J. W. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1979)

TOXIC megacolon is a well-known serious complication of fulminant ulcerative colitis and has been reported to occur in granulomatous colitis, typhoid fever, amebic colitis, malignant lymphoma, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, bacillary dysentery, and cholera.<sup>1-4</sup>The following report is of the occurrence of toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis attributed to loperamide therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old missionary was first admitted to Central Washington Deaconess Hospital on July 6, 1977, because of ulcerative colitis. While he was in Europe in June 1976, rectal bleeding, low abdominal cramping pain, and diarrhea developed. A diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made sigmoidoscopically. He responded to steroid enema treatment. In June 1977, he noted increasing diarrhea, fatigue, and weakness. Findings from his physical examination were unremarkable except for pallor and tachycardia. A proctosigmoidoscopy was diagnostic of ulcerative colitis. The patient was treated with oral prednisone, vitamins, iron, and a psyllium hydrophilic bulking agent. A barium
Corticosteroid therapy. I. Pharmacological properties and principles of corticosteroid use
Authors: D. H. Streeten
Journal: JAMA (1975)

SINCE cortisone and corticotropin first became available more than 25 years ago, these agents, and particularly the newer synthetic corticosteroids, have established an important place for themselves in the therapy of a wide variety of disorders falling within the purview of virtually every branch of medical practice. Surprisingly, however, there is still uncertainty about the role of steroid therapy in several specific disease states. There are also some important recent advances of a practical nature that make it worthwhile to review the modern use of steroid therapy in clinical practice. <h3>PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES</h3> Corticosteroids have widely differing actions on the tissues and fluids of the body, and many of their effects may be considered therapeutically valuable in one patient and unwarranted side effects in another. Thus, the effect of raising blood glucose levels may be an important reason for using a glucocorticoid in a patient with adrenal insufficiency or, temporarily, in
Clinicopathological features and outcome of primary gastric lymphoma: A series of 73 cases
Authors: B. Oyan, G. Tekuzman, I. Barista, A. Kars, A. Turker, Y. Ozisik, N. Guler, E. Baltali, S. Yalcin, I. Gullu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6725 Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinicopathological features, survival and tumor response data in patients with localized primary gastric lymphoma. Methods: Between 1980 and 2003, we treated 73 patients with histologically proven primary gastric lymphomas. The patient population comprised of 38 males and 35 females. Results: The median age of the patients was 51 years (range, 18–87). Sixty-seven percent of them presented with B symptoms. Histologically, 48% was diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) and 33% was malt lymphoma. Lymph node involvement was present in 52%. Helicobacter pylori was detected in 20%. Surgery, chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) were used as treatment modalities in 78%, 89% and 21% of the patients respectively. Most of the patients were treated with combined modality therapy approach consisting of surgery/CT in 58%, CT/RT/surgery in 14%, and CT/RT in 5% of the cases. Cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) was the most commonly employed regimen (64%). Fifty-eight (89%) patients received anthracycline-based regimens. Complete remission was achieved in 94% of the patients. During the median follow-up of 52 months (2–223), 10 patients relapsed and 11 patients died. Two patients were primary refractory. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 10 years were 79% and 64%, respectively. Ten-year OS was similar in patients treated with combination of surgery/CT or CT/RT/surgery or CT/RT (74%, 75% and 74%, respectively). Ten-year OS was better in patients with DLCL (77% compared to patients with malt lymphoma (34%). In univariate analysis, age was not a prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Surgery and achievement of CR with CT were favorable prognostic factors for DFS. For OS, normal LDH, female sex, surgery and achievement of CR with CT were the favorable factors. Conclusions: DLCL and malt lymphoma are the two most common histologies in primary gastric lymphoma. The OS is similar with combined modality treatments consisting of surgery/CT or CT/RT/surgery or CT/RT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
THE MEDICAL CONGRESS OF CUBA.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paclitaxel/carboplatin/etoposide versus paclitaxel/topotecan for extensive stage small cell lung cancer: A Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network randomized prospective phase II trial
Authors: D. S. Thompson, J. D. Hainsworth, L. H. Morrissey, J. B. Erland, H. A. Burris, G. Joseph, S. W. Corso, E. Spremulli, F. A. Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7205
Predicting Risks for Cardiac Complications of Surgery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients5 September 2000Predicting Risks for Cardiac Complications of SurgerySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Predicting a patient's risk for cardiac complications during or shortly after surgery is important in getting patients ready for surgery. A person's risk for cardiac complications of surgery can be measured in several different ways. Each of these measures creates an overall risk index by assigning risk “points” for various findings in the patient's history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. In general, the more “points” that are assigned, the more likely the patient is to develop cardiac complications, such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, or death. Little ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Prospective Evaluation of Cardiac Risk Indices for Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.” It is in the 5 September 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 356-359). The authors are K Gilbert, BJ Larocque, and LT Patrick.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoProspective Evaluation of Cardiac Risk Indices for Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery Kenneth Gilbert , Brian J. Larocque , and Lawrence T. Patrick Metrics 5 September 2000Volume 133, Issue 5Page: I-42KeywordsAnesthesiologyAnginaCardiac surgeryHeart failureLaboratory testsLongitudinal studiesMyocardial infarctionRisk managementStrokeSurgery ePublished: 5 September 2000 Issue Published: 5 September 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
POLONIUS' COUNSEL TO AUTHORS
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
August 1975, Vol. 55, No.2
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

In “Properties and Malignant Transformation of Established Rat Liver Parenchymal Cells in Culture” by Ellen Borenfreund, Paul J. Higgins, Mildred Steinglass, and Aaron Bendich, the following correction should be made: Page 375, line 11 of the “Materials and Methods” should read “… 0.05% collagenase …” (not “… 0.5% collagenase …”).
XENOGENEIC TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Hugh Auchincloss, David H. Sachs
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1998)

▪ Abstract This review summarizes the clinical history and rationale for xenotransplantation; recent progress in understanding the physiologic, immunologic, and infectious obstacles to the procedure's success; and some of the strategies being pursued to overcome these obstacles. The problems of xenotransplantation are complex, and a combination of approaches is required. The earliest and most striking immunologic obstacle, that of hyperacute rejection, appears to be the closest to being solved. This phenomenon depends on the binding of natural antibody to the vascular endothelium, fixation of complement by that antibody, and finally, activation of the endothelium and initiation of coagulation. Therefore, these three pathways have been targeted as sites for intervention in the process. The mechanisms responsible for the next immunologic barrier, that of delayed xenograft/acute vascular rejection, remain to be fully elucidated. They probably also involve multiple pathways, including antibody and/or immune cell binding and endothelial cell activation. The final immunologic barrier, that of the cellular immune response, involves mechanisms that are similar to those involved in allograft rejection. However, the strength of the cellular immune response to xenografts is so great that it is unlikely to be controlled by the types of nonspecific immunosuppression used routinely to prevent allograft rejection. For this reason, it may be essential to induce specific immunologic unresponsiveness to at least some of the most antigenic xenogeneic molecules.
Edwin Krebs
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and cells derived from them, have become key tools to model biological processes and disease mechanisms, particularly in cell types such as neurons that are difficult to access from living donors. Here, we present the first map of regulatory variants in an iPSC-derived cell type. To investigate genetic contributions to human sensory function, we performed 123 differentiations of iPSCs from 103 unique donors to a sensory neuronal fate, and measured gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and neuronal excitability. Compared with primary dorsal root ganglion, where sensory nerves collect near the spinal cord, gene expression was more variable across iPSC-derived neuronal cultures, particularly in genes related to differentiation and nervous system development. Single cell RNA-sequencing revealed that although the majority of cells are neuronal and express the expected marker genes, a substantial fraction have a fibroblast-like expression profile. By applying an allele-specific method we identify 3,778 quantitative trait loci influencing gene expression, 6,318 for chromatin accessibility, and 2,097 for RNA splicing at FDR 10%. A number of these overlap with common disease associations, and suggest candidate causal variants and target genes. These include known causal variants at <i>SNCA</i> for Parkinson’s disease and <i>TNFRSF1A</i> for multiple sclerosis, as well as new candidates for migraine, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia.
Tea Toxicity
Authors: R. M. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr John Greden, in his fascinating account of the tea controversy in colonial America (236:63-66, 1976), admirably described the supposed baneful and beneficial effects of caffeine-beverage use, many of which are still being debated. Dr Greden himself has made a valuable contribution to the contemporary discussion by noting the possibilities for confusion between chronic undifferentiated anxiety and caffeinism.<sup>1</sup>As now, the 18th century controversy was fueled by a dearth of relevant data. Some evidence on the effects of caffeine was an unintended consequence of activities in Boston harbor in December 1773. It was relayed somewhat laconically in the London<i>Public Advertiser</i>the following month: Letters from Boston complain much of the taste of their fish being altered: four or five hundred chests of tea have so contaminated the water in the harbour, that the fish may have contracted a disorder not unlike the nervous complaints of
Redefining evidence
Authors: M. Brouwers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17000 Background: In the last decade, the Program in Evidence-based Care (PEBC), the guideline initiative of the cancer system in Ontario, Canada, has evolved dramatically. In addition to providing recommendations to facilitate decisions of clinicians (clinical practice guidelines), PEBC reports provide recommendations to facilitate decisions regarding universal drug funding, resource allocation, models of care, and the organization of the cancer system. For many of these issues, there is little in terms of traditional evidence, regardless of study design. As such, extending and building upon traditional notions of evidence and methodologies to gather new kinds of evidence have been required. Methods and Results: The PEBC has evolved the way it which conceives of evidence, the methods used to assemble and appraise evidence, and the role of evidence in decision making. To this end, environmental scan and consensus methods, in addition to standard systematic review methodology, are employed. The environmental scan methodology we use includes systematic and transparent internet searches of, and/or direct inquires to, organizations in jurisdictions determined, a priori, to be generalizable to the Ontario experience. Here, evidence comes in the form of organizational reports, case studies and evaluation data. These methods continue to be refined and tested. The consensus methodology we use is a modified Delphi technique. To date, these methods have been applied to various topics including standards for diagnostic assessment programs, surgical oncology and systemic therapy models of care, patient education, multidisciplinary case conferences, patient safety, and treatment of rare diseases. Evaluations of these reports have been generally positive (approval rating range: 56% to 75%) but noticeably more varied than approval ratings of our clinical practice guidelines that have relied primarily on traditional systematic review methodology (approval ratings rarely below 80%). Conclusions: The PEBC's notions of evidence continue to evolve as does the refinement and testing of new methodologies. Through this evolution, we are now able to provide advice on issues we would otherwise be unable to using traditional methods only, while still remaining true to our core principles of being participatory, rigorous, systematic and transparent. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Engraftment and survival after unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation: a report from the National Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Stella M. Davies, Craig Kollman, Claudio Anasetti, Joseph H. Antin, James Gajewski, James T. Casper, Auayporn Nademanee, Harriet Noreen, Roberta King, Dennis Confer, Nancy A. Kernan
Journal: Blood (2000)
Simultaneous liver and spleen stiffness measurements as complementary methods for fibrosis quantification in autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Maciej K. Janik, Beata Kruk, Benedykt Szczepankiewicz, Konrad Kostrzewa, Raszeja-Wyszomirska Joanna, Barbara Górnicka, Frank Lammert, Piotr Milkiewicz, Marcin Krawczyk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
'Blood Doping'
Authors: Harvey G. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Brien and Simon<sup>1</sup>have misinterpreted my editorial concerning the practice of "blood doping" in athletics.<sup>2</sup>As I stated, careful scientific studies indicate that infusion of red blood cells can improve the performance of trained endurance athletes, although the improvement appears to be a slight one. These studies confirm earlier findings concerning changes in physiology and performance. My points concerning the medical and ethical issues bear repeating. Homologous blood transfusion should never be used to enhance athletic performance because it places healthy subjects at unnecessary risk; one of our Olympic medalists in cycling reportedly developed chronic hepatitis after blood doping during the Olympics. Even autologous transfusion may be hazardous if not carried out under careful medical supervision. Blood is not a recreational drug. Its use to provide athletes with an unfair competitive advantage epitomizes the philosophy of "win at any cost." It should be condemned.
Autologous Transfusion-Transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Cheryl Richards
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —With the heightened public awareness of the potential risks for transfusion-transmitted diseases, both patients and physicians are more knowledgeable of the benefits of autologous donation/transfusion. In California, physicians are required by law to inform patients of transfusion options, including autologous and directed donations. Although autologous donations decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted disease by decreasing homologous blood exposure, autologous transfusion is not without risk. The following is a report of transfusion-transmitted<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>illness from a unit of autologous blood transfused 41 days after collection. A 74-year-old man with a 4-year history of osteoarthritis donated 4 units of autologous blood for a total knee replacement surgery. Each unit was collected 1 week apart. The patient completed a medical history under the direction of a registered nurse and indicated no bacterial infection. The patient was afebrile at the time of all donations and had no history of dental work
Cholera Epidemic Associated With Raw Vegetables—Lusaka, Zambia, 2003-2004
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Zambia experienced widespread cholera epidemics in 1991 (13,154 cases), 1992 (11,659), and 1999 (11,327). In response to the large outbreak in 1999, the Zambian Ministry of Health (ZMOH) urged use of in-home chlorination with the locally produced solution, Clorin, and the practice increased substantially Clorin had been introduced in Zambia in 1998 as part of the Safe Water System (SWS), a point-of-use water disinfection and safe-water storage strategy launched by the Society for Family Health, in partnership with ZMOH, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and CDC. Although no outbreaks were reported during 2000-2002, cholera remained endemic. Epidemic cholera returned to Zambia in November 2003, when cases of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa, biotype El Tor were confirmed in the capital city, Lusaka. During November 28, 2003-January 4, 2004, an estimated 2,529 cholera cases and 128 cholera deaths (case-fatality rate [CFR] = 5.1%) occurred in Lusaka. In February 2004, the Lusaka District Health Management Team (LDHMT) invited CDC to assist in an investigation of the epidemic. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which implicated foodborne transmission via raw vegetables and demonstrated a protective role for hand washing with soap. The results underscore the importance of hygiene, clean water, and sanitary food handling for cholera prevention.