tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A M A grams
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liver function tests: defining what's normal
Authors: P. Roderick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are major worldwide public health problems in countries with endemically high levels of viral hepatitis (B and C). 1 However, even in western countries chronic liver disease is an emerging problem, due not only to viral hepatitis but also to the effects of lifestyle factors such as heavy alcohol consumption and obesity. 2 3 Liver function tests are widely performed blood tests used in patients with suspected liver disease or unexplained illness and in some specific situations such as screening of blood donors.The most widely used tests are those used to detect the aminotransferases-alanine and aspartate-which are associated with hepatocellular injury.Raised concentrations may indicate serious underlying chronic liver disease, recognition of which is important for guiding interventions to modify lifestyle and use of specific therapies such as interferon for hepatitis C to prevent the risk of progression to cirrhosis.The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are important in assessing the clinical utility of such tests.Normal ranges have been based on distributions from healthy volunteers with two SD above the mean (that is, top 2.5% cut-off) being considered the upper normal range.Aminotransferase concentrations maybe within the normal range in people with chronic liver disease. 4 5There is ongoing debate about whether to lower the normal range to take account of changing lifestyle factors that influence aminotransferase concentrations, particularly obesity, which in Western countries would increase the detection of hepatitis C and alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 6 7 Kim and colleagues have analysed the association between aminotransferase concentrations and mortality from liver disease in a large prospective cohort in Korea. 1 They found that there was a graded increase in risk of mortality from liver disease even within the normal range (20-40 IU/l) compared with the lowest concentrations ( < 20 IU/l) for both sexes.The performance of the test in identifying future risk of mortality from liver disease was maximised by lowering the threshold to about 30 IU/l.They propose identifying a borderline level of aminotransferase of 30-39 IU/l, suggesting that patients in this category should be
Cancer of the urogenital tract: bladder cancer. Group 1, Stages 0, A, and B, grades I and II: superficial, low-grade carcinomas
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

There is a stage in bladder cancer where the disease is circumscribed and noninfiltrative (Introductory Figure). At this stage, the cancer can be eradicated easily, but care must be taken to preserve organ integrity. Careful judgment is essential in order to predict the eventual outcome and select the method which offers the best control without compromise of function. At first thought, this problem would seem to offer little therapeutic challenge, since fulguration with transurethral resection should contain and even "cure" this phase of the cancer. The dilemma arises in the continual exposure of the bladder epithelium to substances in the urine which can incite the process again. The recurrent lesion or a multiplicity of new lesions each increase the likelihood of deeper penetration, lymphnode invasion, and metastases. Identification of the patient whose cancer will recur and extend is possible only through repeated follow-up cystoscopic examinations. The therapeutic line that the
HONEST MANUFACTURERS IN FAVOR OF THE PURE-FOOD BILL.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Indocyanine green clearance as a test for hepatic function. Evaluation by dichromatic ear densitometry
Authors: C. M. Leevy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A study of clearance of dyes which are removed from the circulation principally by the liver constitutes one of the best methods for evaluating hepatic function. This approach has not been widely used because of the need for multiple blood sampling to calculate accurately removal rate of sulf obromophthalein (BSP) and for radioisotope-counting equipment for clearance studies of rose bengal I 131.<sup>1</sup>These disadvantages are largely overcome by indocyanine green (ICG), which possesses physical properties which permit external recording of blood dye levels. The major limitation of ICG has been the fact that, in doses conventionally used, it has proven much less sensitive than BSP in detecting mild liver-cell damage<sup>2</sup>or demonstrating the excretory defect produced by synthetic androgenicanabolic steroids.<sup>3</sup> Levels of ICG have been recorded by use of an air-cooled oximeter to measure light transmission<sup>4</sup>or electric eye to determine light reflection.<sup>5</sup>Accuracy of
Discovery and Characterization of Super-Enhancer-Associated Dependencies in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Bjoern Chapuy, Michael R. McKeown, Charles Y. Lin, Stefano Monti, Margaretha G.M. Roemer, Jun Qi, Peter B. Rahl, Heather H. Sun, Kelly T. Yeda, John G. Doench, Elaine Reichert, Andrew L. Kung, Scott J. Rodig, Richard A. Young, Margaret A. Shipp, James E. Bradner
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Études sur les amputations et désarticulations des membres
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reduced tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure while smoking ultralow- but not low-yield cigarettes
Authors: N. L. Benowitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

An unresolved public health issue is whether some modern cigarettes are less hazardous than others and whether patients who cannot stop smoking should be advised to switch to lower-yield cigarettes. We studied "tar" (estimated by urine mutagenicity), nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure in habitual smokers switched from their usual brand to high- (15 mg of tar), low- (5 mg of tar), or ultralow-yield (1 mg of tar) cigarettes. There were no differences in exposure comparing high- or low-yield cigarettes, but tar and nicotine exposures were reduced by 49% and 56%, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure by 36% while smoking ultralow-yield cigarettes. Similarly, in 248 subjects smoking their self-selected brand, nicotine intake, estimated by blood concentrations of its metabolite cotinine, was 40% lower in those who smoked ultralow but no different in those smoking higher yields of cigarettes. Our data indicate that ultralow-yield cigarettes do deliver substantial doses of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, but that exposures are considerably less than for other cigarettes. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:241-246)
Pericardial Echocardiography
Authors: RAVI PRAKASH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 February 1979Pericardial EchocardiographyRAVI PRAKASH, M.D.RAVI PRAKASH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-279 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to make the following comments on the published echocardiogram (Figure 1A) in the brief report of Orlando, Moyer, and Barnett (1). They state that "Pericardiocentesis was attempted because of her compromised state. No pericardial fluid was obtained, and thoracotomy was done. At thoracotomy the pericardium was thickened with dense fibrotic tissue occupying the space between it and epicardium."How do the authors explain absence of thickening in the epicardium and pericardium shown in Figure 1A after damping? To exclude a false positive effusion (2), was a scan obtained from the left ventricle to the left...References1. ORLANDOMOYERBARNETT RPT: Methysergide therapy and constrictive pericarditis. Ann Intern Med 88:213-214, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. PRAKASHKINGARONOW RJW: Enlarged left atrium causing possible false positive echocardiography diagnosis of pericardial effusion. Angiology 27:219-222, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PRAKASHMOORTHYDEL VICARIOARONOW RKMW: Reliability of echocardiography in quantitating pericardial effusion: a prospective study. J Clin Ultrasound 5:398-403, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. MILLMANMELLERMOTROBLANKHOROWITZHERMANTEICHHOLZ AJMHIML: Pericardial tumor or fibrosis mimicking pericardial effusion by echocardiography. Ann Intern Med 86:434-436, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: California College of Medicine University of California Irvine Medical Center Orange, CA 92668 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2Page: 279-280KeywordsEchocardiographyLeft ventriclePericardiumThoracotomy Issue Published: 1 February 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

As repeatedly noted in<i>American Medical News</i>from reports provided by the National Center for Health Statistics, infant mortality in the United States has declined dramatically during the past three decades. Although the factors contributing to the improvement are not disclosed by the cold, overall statistics, analysis by states or by census tracts within states has suggested that low socioeconomic status of mothers contributes substantially to infant mortality risk. The latter fact gives special meaning to a report by Lee and co-workers<sup>1</sup>of experience at the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center (BMHC), an affiliated teaching hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The hospital is representative of the kind of US municipal institution that draws its patients predominantly from a population of low socioeconomic class. For purposes of comparison, the authors analyzed neonatal mortality (birth through 28 days of life) during the years 1966 through 1973, with special attention to
Archives of Pathology,Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health manpower. Progress report
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The natural history of calcium urolithiasis
Authors: F. L. Coe
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The course of untreated calcium renal stones, derived from the retrospective study of 300 patients with defined metabolic disorders and from the analysis of two prospective, published studies, is complex and heterogeneous. Generally, stones provoke considerable morbidity; hyperuricosuria is associated with an unusually severe stone disease. Stone recurrence rates usually remain stable, or rise with successive stones; in a minority of patients, the reverse is true. A single stone is likely to be followed by a recurrence. The mean time to recurrence averages 6.78 years, with peaks at 1.56 and eight years. Because the disease is likely to be morbid and chronic and does not wane with age, diagnostic evaluation and treatment should be strongly considered for any patient with recurrent stones, and for those in whom recurrence is likely to pose more than the usual risk. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1519-1523, 1977)
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Authors: K E Hobbs
Journal: Gut (1995)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomyWhat is the role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with its 'appealing modern technololgy'?1There has been an explosionof interest in this operation throughout the world and many medical journals include at least one article on its value or hazards in each issue.In 1992 MEDLINE listed 230 published articles: this rose to 557 in 1993, and 197 have appeared between January and September 1994.New societies and new journals based on the technology are being spawned at an alarming rate, and international 'state of the art' meetings are advertised regularly.The national press, too, ever ready to report critically on medical progress, has carried a spate of articles with 'terrifying' headlines such as 'Keyhole Surgeons.Crackdown on safety after hospital deaths' (Sunday Express, 2 May, 1993). Historical perspectiveLaparoscopy is not new but has been practised for decades -enthusiastically by gynaecologists but less so by general surgeons.Gynaecologists led the way to laparoscopic surgery by carrying out relatively minor procedures during the endoscopy.2There was no general enthusiasm for expanding the technique by the surgical community, how- ever, and so development of appropriate instrumentation was slow.Although it is generally believed that laparoscopic chole- cystectomy was 'born in secret' in France seven years ago,3 the procedure was probably undertaken first in Germany in 1985 using a modified laparoscope without television attachment.4This early experience demonstrated dramati- cally that gall bladders could be removed without the need for a formal laparotomy and many advantages over the conventional operation were reported.Although a few surgeons were excited by this in continental Europe3 4 the UK,5 and the United States, however,6 traditional surgical caution and scepticism reigned for a short while.The surgical instrument industry, on the other hand, speedily recognised the financial potential and rapidly invested in the design and production of laparoscopic tools.These range from simple forceps to complex stapling devices, both re-usable and disposable, from new designs of electrocautery to lasers, and from TV cameras and dedicated video recorders to electronically controlled peritoneal insufflation apparatus.Several manufacturers arranged for some of the still conservative but leading European surgeons to visit America to witness this new surgical millennium.The industry realised the potential profit if laparoscope surgery could be generally practised, especially in relation to cholecystectomy, one of the commonest general surgical operations.
The Nose, Paranasal Sinuses, Nasolacrimal Passageways and Olfactory Organ in Man.
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letter: Enteric-coated aspirin overdose and gastric perforation.
Authors: S Davies, J Reid, C Dollery
Journal: BMJ (1975)

an alpha-blocker such as phentolamine should be the first choice in the management of hypertension complicating clonidine overdose.We should also like to take issue with the recommendation that forced frusemide diuresis is an effective means of removing clonidcine.In normal individuals given 300 ,g of clonidine either orally or intravenously we have found that 39-480/ of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine in the first 24 hours.In addition, a variable amount of extrarenal elimination occurs.In the first case described by Dr Hunyor and his colleagues 470' of the ingested dose was excreted in the first 24 hours, and this is what we would have expected without the use of frusemide.Although we have no experimental data on the effect of frusemide on clonidine excretion, we doubt if it would alter the rate of elimination if an adequate urine flow was maintained.
Beyond statistics
Authors: C. D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1979)

It is remarkable that mental aberration of a severe degree can be present yet be so concealed as to go unrecognized or unattended by otherwise sophisticated clinicians. It is a rare person who has not been shocked at accounts of some irrational, destructive act committed by a seemingly normal human being who suddenly became berserk. Often, for a long time afterward, people are preoccupied with finding clues that could have warned of such impending behavior. Not infrequently, the alerting signs, if they had been interpreted correctly and heeded, were present, and the act would have been preventable. But, while hindsight is often too late to help the injured or dead, if one can learn from the experience, it becomes salutary to review situations that might otherwise be considered macabre speculation. For example, a BRIEF REPORT on page 2188 describes an extraordinary case of mutilatory autosurgery. This article is not presented,
Longitudinal study pursues questions of calcium, hormones, and metabolism in life of skeleton
Authors: T. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS ago, 169 Roman Catholic nuns in their 40s enrolled in a longitudinal study on bone health with a commitment to participate well into advanced age. Every 5 years, these women have undergone a battery of 150 to 200 tests looking at calcium absorption and balance, hormonal levels, and bone metabolism. The study, still under way at Creighton University School of Medicine, has provided an abundance of knowledge about calcium physiology in the perimenopausal woman. Now referred to by some as the "Framingham study of osteoporosis," the study is believed to be the longest-running extramural study funded, but not conducted, by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. The key to the study's longevity may rest to some extent with the type of institution that Creighton is. Because Creighton puts its primary emphasis on teaching rather than research, "there is less pressure to provide immediate results tomorrow," says