tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addictive potential of drugs is concern in pain relief
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Many physicians and patients fear more frequent and larger dosages of analgesics as recommended by Robert N. Butler, MD, because they believe there is always the chance that the patient may become addicted, especially when narcotics are involved. Heroin in particular is feared. Yet claims of heroin's addictive potential may be exaggerated, according to Robert L. DuPont, MD, of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. DuPont is one of the few individuals who has done research on addiction associated with heroin usage. His studies indicate that even among long-term street users only about 10% become addicts. (This does not mean DuPont supports medical use of heroin. "We still need to know first if it has a therapeutic effect," he says.) Lee Robins, PhD, of Washington University, found similar small rates of heroin addiction in working with drug-using veterans of the Vietnam War. In some of his writings, Robert G. Twycross,
Racial Tolerance
Authors: T. R. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1954)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Selective attention modulates sensory cortical activity. It remains unclear how auditory cortical activity represents stimuli that differ behaviorally. We designed a cross-modality task in which mice made decisions to obtain rewards based on attended visual or auditory stimuli. We recorded auditory cortical activity in behaving mice attending to, ignoring, or passively hearing auditory stimuli. Engaging in the task bidirectionally modulates neuronal responses to the auditory stimuli in both the attended and ignored conditions compared to passive hearing. Neuronal ensemble activity in response to stimuli under attended, ignored and passive conditions are readily distinguishable. Furthermore, ensemble activity under attended and ignored conditions are in closer states compared to passive condition, and they share a component of attentional modulation which drives them to the same direction in the population activity space. Our findings suggest that task engagement changes sensory cortical representations across modalities in the same directions, and cross-modality attention may differentially modulates attended and ignored modalities.
Education of the primary physician: a time for reconsideration?
Authors: J. M. Colwill
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Two thought-provoking articles in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>suggest the time is ripe for rethinking the education of primary physicians. Geyman<sup>1</sup>suggests (and provides evidence to support his thesis) that we face a shortage of physicians specifically educated for primary care. He identifies alternative approaches for increasing the proportion of primary physicians and provides strong support for the development of a "generic" primary physician. Christiansen et al<sup>2</sup>argue for the development of combined residency programs in family practice and internal medicine as a means of better preparing a primary physician. Specialization has been a dominant force in our health care system during the past four to five decades. Teaching hospitals have both contributed to the explosion of medical knowledge and educated highly specialized physicians to provide this care. Graduates have then replicated these patterns of advanced secondary and tertiary care throughout the community. As a result, we have
The effect of exemestane on bone mineral density during the first 3 years of adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer.
Authors: A. Hirano, T. Shimizu, M. Kamimura, O. Watanabe, J. Kinoshita, K. Kimura, K. Domoto, N. Kim, F. Okubo, K. Ogawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e11045 Background: Adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors (AI) is associated with increased bone loss in postmenopausal women. We assessed changes in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to 36 months of treatment in patients receiving exemestane (EXE) as initial adjuvant therapy with/without oral bisphosphonates (Bis). Methods: Postmenopausal women with endocrine responsive breast cancer receiving EXE as adjuvant therapy at our hospital since 2004 were enrolled in this study. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Oral Bis (risedronate or alendronate) treatment was initiated when patients were diagnosed as having osteoporosis with a T-score of -2.5 or lower. Results: Seventy-six patients were enrolled in the study between 2004 and 2009. Patients' median age was 67 years and the median follow-up period was 537.5 days. Thirty-two patients were administered Bis (risedronate in 19 patients, alendronate in 13 patients). Within 6 months of hormone therapy, BMD increased by 2.7% from baseline at the lumbar spine and BMD decreased by 0.6% at the femoral neck. However, BMD increased by 2.9% at the lumbar spine and 1.6% at the femoral neck for 3 years of treatment. In patients treated with upfront Bis (n = 19), 5.1% BMD increase from baseline was noted at the lumbar spine whereas in those without Bis (n = 34) BMD decrease by 1.3% from baseline within 12 months (p = 0.0214). Fractures were observed in 5 patients (6.6%), and 4 patients (5.3%) had fragility fractures. Conclusions: Oral Bis prevented EXE-induced bone loss, and upfront treatment of Bis significantly increased BMD at the lumbar spine. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Getting to the heart of non-communicable diseases
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

As we mourn the loss of our treasured author, reviewer, and International Advisory Board member Bongani Mayosi, whose contribution to the field of cardiology on the African continent was virtually unparalleled, we recall that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability globally. If their sheer burden is remarkable—they cause one in three deaths worldwide—so is the fact that some of their main risk factors—smoking, an unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol consumption—are largely avoidable.
Kompendium der topischen Gehirn- und Rückenmarksdiagnostik. Kurzgefaste Anleitung zur klinischen Lokalisation der Erkrankungen und Verletzungen der Nervenzentren.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SURGICAL ASPECTS OF MAJOR NEURALGIA OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE.A REPORT OF TWENTY CASES OF OPERATION ON THE GASSERIAN GANGLION, WITH ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC NOTES ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITS REMOVAL.
Authors: HARVEY CUSHING
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>FURTHER ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC NOTES.</h3> One of the most important chapters in Krause's valuable monograph deals with the<i>"Physiologic des Trigeminus"</i>and the painstaking observations, drawn from the study of his first thirteen cases, are therein recorded. It is regrettable that in his more recent (1901) communication, containing fourteen additional cases, he has limited his communication, as have most other surgeons who have reported on cases of ganglion extirpation, purely to the operative respects of the procedure with little, if any, comment on the consequences of the neu-rectomy. There are many points referable to the distribution and function of the trigeminus which still need elucidation, and no opportunity comparable with this clinical one is offered to the anatomist or experimentalist for their determination.<sup>36</sup> <h3>Sensory Anesthesia.37</h3> A more or less accurate knowledge of the trigeminal fields has been gained through several methods of observation, attached to
Are They Real? IOM Report on Breast Implant Problems
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HYDROCEPHALUS AND HYPOPLASIA OF THE ADRENALS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Volume
Authors: Solomon N. Albert
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The dynamics of circulation are regulated by numerous mechanisms. One of the many factors that can alter hemeostasis is blood volume, the amount of blood that fills and distends the cardiovascular system. Measuring blood volume serves to establish a possible cause and effect relationship between disorders of circulation and blood volume (persistent hypotension, poor tissue perfusion, hypertension and circulatory overload).<sup>1,2</sup> Measuring blood volume has diagnostic applications—to differentiate between relative and true blood disorders (relative anemia due to expansion of plasma volume, relative polycythemia resulting from dehydration and hemoconcentration). A 29-year-old woman was admitted for removal of a benign thyroid nodule. Her hematocrit level was 32% and hemoglobin value 9.8 gm/100 cc. She related a history of anemia being treated for the past two years. Blood volume measurement showed a normal red blood cell (RBC) volume for her weight and a marked increase in plasma volume. The information obtained from
Lower airways inflammation during rhinovirus colds in normal and in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: D J Fraenkel, P G Bardin, G Sanderson, F Lampe, S L Johnston, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause the majority of common colds and are etiologically linked with changes in lower airways physiology and asthma exacerbations. We hypothesized that changes in bronchial mucosal inflammatory cell populations may be responsible for HRV-induced changes in airway reactivity. We examined bronchial mucosal biopsies during experimental infections with HRV serotype 16 and measured changes in histamine reactivity. Seventeen adult volunteers (six atopic asthmatics) had baseline measurements of histamine reactivity and fiberoptic bronchoscopic biopsies, followed 2 wk later by viral inoculation. Further bronchial biopsies were taken on Day 4 of the infection and 6 to 10 wk later. Mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were quantified by immunohistochemical techniques. Infection was documented by viral culture, seroconversion, and symptoms. An increase in histamine responsiveness during the cold (p = 0.048) was accompanied by increases in submucosal lymphocytes (p = 0.050). There was a subsequent decrease in submucosal and epithelial lymphocytes in convalescence (p = 0.028; p = 0.030). There was an increase in epithelial eosinophils with the cold (p = 0.042), and in asthmatics this appeared to persist into convalescence. A peripheral blood lymphopenia correlated with increased responsiveness (r = 0.062, p = 0.014). Rhinoviral colds are associated with a bronchial mucosal lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate that may be related to changes in airway responsiveness and asthma exacerbations.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study of cisplatin plus a fluoropyrimidine with or without ramucirumab as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophogeal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma (RAINFALL, NCT02314117).
Authors: Charles S. Fuchs, Josep Tabernero, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Ian Chau, David H. Ilson, Eric Van Cutsem, David Ferry, Michael Emig, Allen S. Melemed, Veerle Vanvoorden, Yanzhi Hsu, Yihuan Xu, Andreas Sashegyi, Mayukh Das, Manish A. Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS4131 Background: Ramucirumab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed to the ectodomain of VEGFR-2, prevents ligand binding to the receptor, blocking activation of downstream receptor-mediated pathways. Ramucirumab has demonstrated significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in 2 phase III registration studies (REGARD, RAINBOW) in patients in second-line treatment of gastric cancer. This global phase III trial will compare PFS in patients with HER2-negative, metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma receiving ramucirumab with cisplatin/capecitabine (or 5-FU) versus placebo with cisplatin/capecitabine (or 5-FU) as first-line treatment. The trial is conducted in 139 sites in the Americas, Europe and Japan and is currently open to enrollment. Methods: Eligible patients will be randomized to receive a higher dose of ramucirumab (8mg/kg on days 1 and 8, based upon population pharmacokinetic modelling) or placebo with cisplatin/capecitabine every 21-day cycle until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or other withdrawal criteria are met. The primary endpoint is PFS; OS is the key secondary endpoint. Efficacy will be considered at 3 analysis points: futility analysis for PFS, primary analysis of PFS & final analysis of OS. A gatekeeping strategy will be used to assess PFS and OS. The OS endpoint will only be tested if the PFS test is significant to control Type I error at 5% across both endpoints. An exposure/safety analysis will be done after 30 patients in each cycle have started the 3rd cycle. The study has over 90% power to demonstrate a PFS advantage assuming HR = 0.70 and 80% power to demonstrate an OS advantage assuming HR = 0.77. Other secondary endpoints include PFS2 (the time from randomization to disease progression after the start of additional systemic anticancer treatment, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first), objective response rate, safety and quality of life. As of 1/28/2015, one patient has been enrolled in the US. Clinical trial information: NCT02314117.
Carcinogen Regulation
Authors: John H. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs recognizes the need to regulate carcinogens but questions the underlying premises and proposed mechanisms of such regulation (1981; 246:253). The council is concerned about the hundreds of millions of dollars spent each year for carcinogen testing, especially because they view these tests to be of questionable scientific value in predicting human experience. We are concerned that one American in four has cancer develop and that cancer killed 390,000 people in 1977, making it the second most common cause of death.<sup>1</sup>A large number of occupational and environmental agents have been associated with cancer in man.<sup>2,3</sup>There are an estimated 63,000 chemicals in common use today, and the number increases at a rate of about 3,000 per year. Approximately 7,000 have been tested, and 1,500 of these are reported to be carcinogenic to animals. Twenty-six of these substances
Picture Quiz
Authors: Sylvia Feyler, Debra King
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A 78 year old has swinging pyrexia. He has had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy complicated by gastrointestinal perforation and postoperative multiorgan failure two weeks previously. On examination his temperature was 39°C, pulse 100/min and irregularly irregular, blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg. He has an impaired percussion note and bronchial breathing at the right base.
Serum and urine extracellular vesicles contain specific RNAs with diagnostic capacity for cholangiocarcinoma, being possibly involved in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Ainhoa Lapitz, Pedro Miguel Rodrigues, Ander Arbelaiz, José Luis Lavin, Colm O Rourke, Marcin Krawczyk, Alvaro Santos-Laso, María Jesús Perugorria, Adelaida La Casta, Raul Jimenez-Aguero, Cesar Ibarra, Alberto Sanchez-Campos, Juan Pablo Jimeno, Ioana Riaño, Esperanza Gonzalez, Frank Lammert, Marco Marzioni, Rocio IR Macias, Jose Marin, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Luis Bujanda, Juan Falcon-Perez, Jesper Andersen, Ana María Aransay, Jesus M. Banales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Page 702, at the bottom of the 3rd column of Table II, for 0.36, read 0.26. This change necessitates the following correction also. Page 707, 3rd line from the top, for the entire amount, read much. Page 715, 9th line from the top, for actually occurs, read occurs to a great extent. 12th line from the top, for was 0.36 mg., and precisely this amount was, read was 0.36 mg. without deducting about 0.1 mg. for solubility, whereas 0.26 mg. was.
Inflammatory cytokines up-regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and T-lymphocyte adhesion
Authors: M Morita
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We investigated the effect of inflammatory cytokines on the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on primary cultured murine hepatocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and interleukin-1α up-regulated the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on hepatocytes in a dose-dependent fashion; however, interleukin-6 did not. On the basis of kinetic analysis, the expression level reached a peak 24 hr after stimulation, and both cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited the expression. Furthermore, T lymphocytes bind more to interferon-γ–stimulated hepatocytes than to unstimulated hepatocytes. The binding was dependent on the concentration of interferon-γ. The binding was also up-regulated by stimulating T lymphocytes with phorbol myristate acetate. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α demonstrated the same effect as interferon-γ, whereas interleukin-6 did not increase T-lymphocyte adhesion to the hepatocytes. The adhesion induced by interferon-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α was inhibited by antibody against either intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1, a ligand for intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but was not inhibited by CD44 antibodies. These results demonstrate that inflammatory lymphokines enhance the T-lymphocyte adhesion to primary cultured hepatocytes by up-regulating the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on the stimulated hepatocytes by activating the de novo pathway. This mechanism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis. (Hepatology 1994;19:426–431).
MALODOROUS THERAPEUTICS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pentito
Authors: Gregory A. Abel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal