tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Academy of Sciences, Paris: Detection of Sugar in Urine
Journal: BMJ (1841)

smiled at last on the humble but assiduois cultivator of science.He became, successiively, physician at Sal- p6triere, member of the Roval Academy of Medicine, inspector-general of the univrersity, senior physician to Charenton, member of the institute, and of the board of health of Paris.Eig.ht days before his death, although seriously ill, he insisted on attending some important meet- ing of the board of health; he returned home in a state of high fever, with spitting of blood.M. Esquirol felt that his days were numbered, and prepared himself for death with chiristian fortitude.
Outbreak of Botulism Type E Associated With Eating a Beached Whale—Western Alaska, July 2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an obligate anaerobe found commonly in the environment. Intoxication with toxin type E is associated exclusively with eating animal foods of marine (salt or fresh water) origin. Persons who eat raw or fermented marine fish and mammals are at high risk for botulism from type E toxin. On July 17, 2002, the Alaska Division of Public Health investigated a cluster of suspected botulism cases among residents of a fishing village in Alaska. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating raw muktuk (skin and a pink blubber layer) from a beached whale (Figure). To avoid delays in treatment, health-care providers evaluating patients suspected of having botulism should base treatment decisions on clinical findings. Public health authorities should be notified immediately about any suspected botulism case.
Incorrect Information in Figure
Authors: Harald Kittler
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Experts, however, usually handle this in a different way.If they know that the lesion is a seborrheic keratosis, they probably disregard a network in small parts of the lesion or call it something else, like pseudonetwork.Experts sometimes violate their own rules, and exactly this makes them experts.They know when it is appropriate to violate the rules.I proposed pattern analysis instead of the 2-step method because no algorithm can ever capture the complexity of the real world sufficiently.Algorithms are good to start with, but if you want to become an expert, you need to create your own algorithm.The 2-step method and the chaos and clues algorithm 4 are 2 of many possible interpretations of pattern analysis.It seems that we created a perfect situation for students.We gave them a set of tools that work, and they can decide which tool is more suitable for them.I agree with the authors that no method is better than the other.The only notion that I want to refute is that the analytic method is time consuming.It is not!Once you know the patterns, the analytic methods becomes heuristic.You do not have to think about it.Learning the alphabet takes some time but at a certain point you will start to read fluently without effort.
What's new this month in BMJ Journals
Authors: Harvey Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Smokers with asthma respond poorly to standard doses of inhaled steroids and may require a higher dose regime than is usually recommended. In a multicentre randomised trial of 400 μg of beclomethasone daily for 12 weeks, smokers showed little change in markers of asthma severity compared with the (expected) improvement in non-smokers. They had six times as many exacerbations. At a dose of 2000 μg daily, smokers did improve in terms of simple lung function tests and a reduction in reliever inhaler usage, but non-smokers still had better results. The authors say that their findings are consistent with relative corticosteroid insensitivity in smokers, and they advise encouraging people with asthma not to smoke, as well as considering alternative or additional anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Thorax 2005;60: 282-7
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: E. Stanley Crawford, Kenneth R. Hess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm is generally considered to be a serious disorder. Early studies of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm by Estes1 and by Wright and associates2 indicated that death occurred unpredictably in about half the patients within a year of diagnosis, in 90 percent within 5 years, and in all patients in less than 10 years. Death was caused by rupture in 63 percent of the patients described by Estes and in 95 percent of those described by Wright and colleagues. Later, Szilagyi and associates reviewed the outcomes of 138 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms treated without operation because . . .
Risky Business
Authors: Michael Baram
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

In prior studies by high-level commissions, emphasis was given to improving the scientific basis and institutional procedures for risk assessment and risk regulation within existing statutory frameworks. Recommendations have led to slow but steady progress. This study is considerably different. It emphasizes a public health approach for efficient use of resources in a new flexible framework for risk management, reductionist approaches to risk assessment and characterization, increased public involvement, and various methods for managing such public involvement. It provides a mix of aspirations and concepts, procedures, and "shop floor rules" for putting the new system of risk management into practice. Concerns remain, however, that bright lines and other rules are at odds with the report's professed aspirations for meaningful public involvement; that ad hoc institutional arrangements for putting each risk in a situational context may not be an efficient use of public and private resources; that techniques for managing stakeholder involvement will be seen as manipulative and may even increase public mistrust and anxieties about risk; and that reductionism by the regulatory clients of risk assessment could diminish progress in the environmental health sciences. Says Lucier, "The goal of risk assessment should be to prevent environmentally or occupationally mediated diseases or injury. This point is not made sufficiently clear in the commission's report. Nevertheless, the report does an admirable job of attempting to merge science, common sense, public perception, public health, economics, and stakeholder interests into a regulatory policy strategy." He continues, "The merging of these diverse inputs will never be easy and should never be overly prescriptive. The complete integration of all relevant information into the risk assessment and risk management process will require greater reliance on expert judgment to make decisions that are timely, that are based on appropriate peer review, that are consistent with public health priorities, that do not create unnecessary regulatory burdens, and that are understandable by the public." The commission's report provides an alternative vision of risk management that incorporates popular political and social trends. Thorough evaluation of the report's recommendations will, at the very least, focus scrutiny on current risk assessment and risk management practices and perhaps produce better solutions.
ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: P. W. C.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Editorial1 August 1947ACQUIRED RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICSP. W. C.P. W. C.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-27-2-317 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt has long been recognized that microörganisms may acquire a marked degree of resistance to a drug as a result of exposure to sublethal concentrations, although originally they were highly sensitive to its action. This phenomenon was first brought to general notice by Ehrlich nearly half a century ago in his studies of the action of arsenicals in spirochetal and trypanosomal infections. He applied the term drug-fast to such resistant strains.In the more recent past many similar observations have been made with respect to the sulfonamides. Many highly susceptible species of organisms, such as the pneumococcus, the streptococcus and...1 ALEXANDERLEIDY HEG: Mode of action of streptomycin on Type b H. influenzae. I. Origin of resistant organisms, Jr. Exper. Med., 1947, lxxxv, 329-337. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 MILLERBONNHOFF CPM: Development of streptomycin-resistant variants of meningococcus, Science, 1947, cv, 620. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 ALEXANDERLEIDY HEG: Mode of action of streptomycin on Type b Hemophilus influenzae. II. Nature of resistant variants, Jr. Exper. Med., 1947, lxxxv, 607-621. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 DEMEREC M: Production of staphylococcus strains resistant to various concentrations of pencillin, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 1945, xxxi, 16. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBACTERIAL VERSATILITYH. J. L. M. 1 August 1947Volume 27, Issue 2Page: 317-319KeywordsAntibioticsAttentionDrugsEhrlichiosisPneumococcusStreptococcusSulfonamide ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1947 PDF downloadLoading ...
Survival in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: D. A. Albert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We agree that there are many improvements in diagnosis and therapy during the years that this study covered and mentioned specifically in the discussion: "The notably improved survival rates we have observed may be due to several factors. One may be a generally better understanding of the disease and complications of therapy. Another may be the recent use of newer antibiotics." We do not believe we were diagnosing additional lupus cases because of the use of the antinuclear antibody, C3, or anti-DNA antibodies since all patients in both groups met the American Rheumatism Association's (ARA) Preliminary Criteria for the Diagnosis of SLE, which does not include any of these laboratory tests. Indeed, the lupus erythematosus cell test, which is included in the criteria, was positive in a higher percentage of the New York patients because this test was performed at every clinic visit in New York and was
Intramuscular Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: JOHN R. COTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 June 1973Intramuscular DiphenylhydantoinJOHN R. COTE, PHARM. D.JOHN R. COTE, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-6-980 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Easton, in his review article (1), stated, "Evidence suggests that there is little place for the use of intramuscular diphenylhydantoin." It is clear that his review of the literature concerning intramuscular administration of diphenylhydantoin was not complete. His bibliography included the works of Wallis, Kutt, and McDowell (2), as well as Dam and Olsen (3), but did not include the study by Cantu, Schwab, and Timberlake (4).Wallis, Kutt, and McDowell reported a low serum level of diphenylhydantoin for 24 hours after a single intramuscular dose of 500 mg. This may be explained by the pharmacokinetics of...References1. EASTON J: Diphenylhydantoin and epilepsy management. Ann Intern Med 77:421-423, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WALLISKUTTMCDOWELL WHF: Intravenous diphenylhydantoin in treatment of acute repetitive seizures. Neurology (Minneap) 18:513-525, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DAMOLSEN MV: Intramuscular administration of Phenytoin. Neurology (Minneap) 16:288-292, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CANTUSCHWABTIMBERLAKE RRW: Comparison of blood levels with oral and intramuscular diphenylhydantoin. Neurology (Minneap) 18:782-784, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. KUTTLOUIS HS: Anticonvulsant drugs. I: Patho-physiological and pharmacological aspects. Drugs 4:227-255, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SERRANOROYEHAMMER EDR: Plasma diphenylhydantoin values after oral and intramuscular administration of diphenylhydantoin. Neurol (Minneap) 23:311-317, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pharmacy Yale-New Haven Medical Center New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByÜbersicht therapierelevanter Antiepileptika zur StatusbehandlungPlasmakonzentrationen nach Injektion und Infusion von Phenytoin 1 June 1973Volume 78, Issue 6Page: 980-981KeywordsPharmacokinetics Issue Published: 1 June 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nationwide survey of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: A. B. Bloch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine antituberculosis drug resistance patterns, geographic distribution, demographic characteristics, and risk factors of reported tuberculosis (TB) patients in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey of reported TB cases in the United States. For culture-positive cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we asked health departments to provide drug susceptibility test results from initial<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>isolates. <h3>Study Population.</h3> —Culture-positive TB cases in the United States reported during the first quarter of 1991. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Individual TB case reports submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and drug susceptibility test results. <h3>Results.</h3> —Resistance to one or more antituberculosis drugs was found in 14.2% of cases. Resistance to isoniazid and/or rifampin was found in 9.5% of cases whose isolates were tested against one or both drugs; such cases were found in 107 counties in 33 states. Resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin (multidrug-resistant [MDR] TB) was found in 3.5% of cases whose isolates were tested against both drugs; such cases were found in 35 counties in 13 states. New York City accounted for 61.4% of the nation's MDR TB cases. The 3-month population-based incidence rate of MDR TB in New York City was 52.4 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.5 to 78.3) that of the rest of the nation (9.559 vs 0.182 cases per million population). Compared with the rate in non-Hispanic whites in the rest of the nation (0.032 cases per million), the relative risk of MDR TB in New York City non-Hispanic whites was 39.0 (95% CI, 8.1 to 164.5), 299.3 (95% CI, 112.5 to 927.1) in Hispanics, 420.9 (95% CI, 121.0 to 1515.8) in Asian/Pacific Islanders, and 701.0 (95% CI, 296.4 to 2018.1) in non-Hispanic blacks. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —With nearly 10% of TB patients resistant to isoniazid and/or rifampin, greater use of four-drug regimens and directly observed therapy is indicated. Aggressive intervention to prevent the further spread of MDR TB is needed to find every TB patient and to provide optimal patient management to ensure completion of chemotherapy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:665-671)
Temporal arteritis heralded by facial nerve palsy
Authors: A. Roomet
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TO THE BEST of our knowledge, an association between facial nerve paralysis and temporal arteritis has not been reported previously. One such case in which temporal arteritis was heralded by the sudden onset of facial nerve paralysis is presented. Although we cannot rule out mere coincidence, we believe that the facial nerve impairment in this case represented the initial symptom of temporal arteritis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 77-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital on Oct 12, 1973, with a chief complaint of bilateral blurring of vision. The patient had been well until 12 weeks before admission when she developed complete motor paralysis on the right side of the face, associated with episodic retroauricular pain. Examination showed no other neurologic abnormalities, though taste and hearing were not tested. A diagnosis of facial nerve paralysis (Bell palsy) was made, and the patient's condition improved considerably over the next two
Blastomycosis. An important medical problem in the Central United States
Authors: M. L. Furcolow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

With recent knowledge of blastomycosis, emphasis is placed on the frequency of the disease in the Midwest and South. Comparison of summarized clinical and epidemiologic information with the findings in 183 cases of blastomycosis from the state of Kentucky exemplifies this point: The frequency of this disease in Kentucky suggests that the disease is endemic throughout most of the state, with the exception of the mountainous eastern part. The data presented suggest that recognition is delayed in most cases and that many cases are unrecognized. This supposition is supported by the frequency of cutaneous lesions as opposed to the frequency of purely pulmonary lesions. The pulmonary forms appear to be the most frequently missed. It is hoped that these data will stimulate better recognition and a higher index of suspicion on the part of practicing physicians.
Session F: Lung Cancer
Authors: Vincenzo Ambrogi, Sahnna Manom, Marto Rosdh, Ctandio Tommaso, Chmirgn Mmeo, Oncotogia Toracica, Diputuneoto Da Qnrurgii-Unjversita, Roan Tor Vergata, Francetco Grosn, Angela Sihan, Tino Ceschia, Angelo Mordh, Cosnno Sacco, Alessandn Gujbebm, Fabto Puglui, Vmcenzo De, Pangber Manzmi, Stcfano Mednn, Maura Loprevite, Roberto Favoni', Alessandra De Cupis, Aiessandra Pandolfr\, Andrea Ardrzzoni, Virguno Fihpazzi, Mana Cartaaeo, Benedetto Rho, Gamiranco Pavia, Giuliani Corradun, Sabrma Ferrano, Anna Gambaro, Beatrice Dedor, Eugenia Danuam, Luigi Isabella, Nicoletta Tosca, Gabnella Esam, Elena Pazza, Luigi Sacco, Raffaele Belli, Neij Mk3ljorino, O Ariganello, A Ciprl, F Diana, M Di Molfetta, M Lampkjnano, F Martelu, Pneumoncology Unit, Gtuieppe Ahavilla, Giuseppe Bellocco, Mana Scordo, Edoardo Spma, Antonio Panda, Antonio Conni, Sarvatorc Ortu, Antoma Denu, Giovanni Baldmo, Patnzla Peru, Marghenta Piras, Tiziana Scooo, Natale Tedde', Nma Olmec
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Rijnse Roemer
Authors: Chris Migom
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article in the Nov 28, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>commenting on the Dutch painting<i>Still Life With Meat</i>.<sup>1</sup>However, I doubt that the beverage that is already poured in three<i>roemers</i>is Dutch beer, as the author states. It looks more like white wine to me, probably Rhine wine.<i>Roemer</i>is the Dutch word for a conical greenish wineglass, specifically for Rhine wine (hence, it is also called a<i>Rijnse roemer</i>). I presume Americans might drink Dutch beer out of a<i>roemer</i>, but the Dutch themselves surely didn't.
Can the NHS cut costs without substantially damaging the quality of health care? Yes
Authors: P. Corrigan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Rebecca Rosen (doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1967) and Paul Corrigan think that the NHS cost cutting that will occur over the next few years does not inevitably mean that the quality of care it provides will suffer. John Appleby (doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1959) and James Owen Drife (doi: 10.1136/bmj.c1966) are not so sure
Comments on "Presidential Address: Advocacy as Leadership"
Authors: C. CLARY, A. LOEBEL, I. LOMBARDO, L. ALPHS, B. BINNEMAN, D. VANDERBURG, L. WARRINGTON, B. PARSONS, I. FOGEL, B. HERMAN, H. ROBERTS, H. TEMPLETON, D. HUGHES, P. CHAPPELL, D. FELTNER, K. TOBIAS, E. WATSKY, T. RAMEY, F. RAPPARD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)
Dizziness among Older Adults
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients7 March 2000Dizziness among Older AdultsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00026 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Older persons frequently complain of dizziness to their doctors. However, we do not know how common dizziness is in the general population of older adults (people who do and those who do not see doctors). The symptom of dizziness has been associated with increased risk for falls; fainting; disability; and, in a few studies, stroke and death. Most doctors and researchers have assumed that dizziness in an older person is caused by a single, specific medical condition, such as an inner ear or a heart problem.Why did ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Dizziness among Older Adults: A Possible Geriatric Syndrome.”. It is in the 7 March 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 337-334). The authors are M.E. Tinetti, C.S. Williams, and T.M. Gill.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDizziness among Older Adults: A Possible Geriatric Syndrome Mary E. Tinetti , Christianna S. Williams , and Thomas M. Gill Metrics Cited byDevelopment and Validation of the Vision-Related Dizziness QuestionnaireAge-Related Vestibular Loss: Current Understanding and Future Research DirectionsA Different Approach of Dizziness in Older Patients: Away from the Diagnostic Dance between Patient and Physician 7 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 5Page: 337KeywordsAnxietyBlood pressureElderlyHearingHypotensionMedical conditionsMyocardial infarctionPrimary hypertensionStrokeSyncope ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 March 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CYLINDROIDS IN THE URINE.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic Changes In The Pathogenesis Of Lung Cancer
Authors: M. Birrer
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More