tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MPTH-25. THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF A NOVEL QUANTITATIVE MGMT PROMOTER METHYLATION SCORE FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Seunggu Han, Akshay Ravi, Annette Molinaro, Jennie Taylor, Jennifer Clarke, Nancy Ann Oberheim-Bush, Susan Chang, Mitchel S. Berger, Farid Chehab, Nicholas Butowski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Evidence continues to solidify the central role molecular markers play in gliomas. Methylation status of MGMT promoter has been shown as a key marker in glioblastoma, predicting response to temozolomide. Traditional testing of MGMT promoter methylation, performed using a methylation specific PCR, yields a binary result; however it fails to consider the multiple potential methylation sites in MGMT’s promoter region. A novel quantitative bisulfite Sanger DNA sequencing assay evaluates methylation status at each of the 17 potential methylation sites in the promoter, resulting in a methylation score of 0-17. This novel assay was evaluated for its prognostic role in a cohort of 180 consecutive patients undergoing treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma at UCSF from April 2014 to August 2015. All patients received concurrent chemoradiation with temozolomide. Univariate and multivariate models for overall survival were built along with other established prognostic variables such as age, KPS and extent of resection. The methylation score was predictive of overall survival as a linear model. Stratification into partition groups revealed 3 groups (in order of increasing survival): A)Age >70, B)Age <70 and KPS <70 or Age <70 and KPS >70 and MGMT score <8 and C)Age <70 and KPS >70, and MGMT score >8. Brier score revealed lower predictive error for the methylation score compared to the traditional binary MGMT promoter methylation assessment, suggesting the methylation score is a more reliable model predicting survival. The methylation score, derived from the bisulfite sequencing analysis, provides a quantitative representation of the degree of methylation in the MGMT promoter. Survival models and partitioning support its role as a prognostic marker for overall survival, and the methylation score being superior to the traditional MGMT promoter methylation analysis in predicting survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Prospective validation and comparison to older/newer techniques including next-generation sequencing are warranted.
Gemcitabine (Gem) and nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) in patients (pts) with refractory advanced pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Sofia Palacio, Ikechukwu Immanuel Akunyili, Vinicius Ernani, Jessica Macintyre, Jaime R. Merchan, Terri Pollack, Isildinha Reis, Maria H. Restrepo, Caio Max S. Rocha Lima, Peter Joel Hosein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

413 Background: The combination of nab-P and Gem improves survival compared to Gem alone in first-line therapy of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Efficacy data with this doublet in previously treated pts are scant. Our group presented preliminary results on 10 pts treated with this two-drug combination in the second and third line setting and herein present updated data on 59 pts. Methods: This IRB approved analysis identified all pts diagnosed with advanced refractory pancreatic cancer, treated with second-line Gem and nab-P at University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center between September 2010 and June 2014. Response by RECIST, CA19-9, and symptomatic improvement were assessed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the start of Gem + nab-P and were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical benefit was defined as the percentage of patients with a partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD). Results: Data from59 pts were analyzed. The median age was 60; 55% were male; 54% received Gem + nab-P as second line therapy and 46% received it as third-line or beyond. Five (10%) pts had confirmed PR, 23 (47%) SD and 21 (43%) progressed. Among the 31 (52%) pts who received prior Gem, 18 (58%) had clinical benefit, 3 PR and 15 SD. The median OS was 3.9 months. The median PFS was 3 months. Toxicity appears similar to what has been reported on the MPACT trial with the combination. Conclusions: The clinical benefit seen withGem and nab-P in this group of pretreated pancreatic cancer pts suggests that it can be considered as an option. Additionally, prior Gem treatment appears not to decrease Gem and nab-P benefit in this population. Since nab-P monotherapy has modest activity in pre-treated pancreatic cancer pts, our data suggests a positive interaction between Gem and nab-P that may overcome resistance to Gem. [Table: see text]
Measuring the Public Health Impact of the Aneuploidies
Authors: Howard B. Newcombe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

If the protection of man against mutagenic agents in general, and against those that cause aneuploidies in particular, is to have an increasingly rational basis with the passage of time, quantitative or at least semiquantitative assessments of risks are needed. These should take into account both the likely numbers of induced cases and the likely severities of the different conditions. In the past, quantitative data relating to severity have been limited or nonexistent, but the data sources exist by which follow-up studies may be carried out to determine age-specific and cumulative risks of hospitalization and death, the durations of hospital stays, and the economic burden to society which these represent. To illustrate the use of such sources, the cumulative risks of death in children with anomalies of the autosomes and of the sex chromosomes, over the first 19 years of life, are compared with those for other kinds of hereditary and environmentally caused handicaps that are reported in that age group.
Transactions of the New Hampshire Medical Society at the one Hundred and Fourth Anniversary, held at Concord June 3 and 4, 1895.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Airborne Microbes
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Even the very early physicians realized that diseases could spread through the air. Droplets and fomites, it was long recognized, could spread infection; and when scientists learned about bacteria, the air-spread of pathogens became particularly meaningful. Now, in the age of jet airplanes and space travel, of atmospheric pollution in a massive degree, the relationship between the air and bacteria or other minute particles is becoming increasingly important and the various sophisticated investigations increasingly significant. In a highly effective symposium, the British Society for General Microbiology has provided a wealth of information relevant to the newly developing subject of aerobiology. The symposium brought together representatives from many different disciplines—meteorology and engineering, botany, pathology, microbiology. The different subjects are admirably arranged. First is a section on air movement, discussing the circulation in both troposphere and the lower atmosphere. Then, another chapter in this section discusses, with excellent illustrative photographs, the airstreams
La Salpêtrière.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neural tube defects
Authors: R. J. Lemire
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of malformations of the brain and spinal cord that originate at various times during gestation. The most common NTDs are anencephaly and meningomyelocele, which arise during the process of neurulation, a well-defined period between the 17th and 30th day after ovulation. These NTDs are clinically apparent by being open, ie, leaving nervous tissue exposed, in contrast to postneurulation NTDs that are skin covered. The incidence of NTDs is declining in several areas of the world, including the United States. While the reasons for this are unclear, there seems to be some effect from prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, and possibly nutritional supplementation. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:558-562)
Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: L. P. Garrod
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic used in treating anaerobic bacteria and protozoal infections. It was first licensed for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis but is now used in the management of various gastrointestinal and genitourinary infections. Many neurological side effects are well documented, although there is scarce literature illustrating optic neuropathy secondary to metronidazole. We describe a case report of a 36-year-old man who presented with symptomatically reduced central visual loss on a background of a 2-year history of metronidazole use for a perianal fistula. Electrophysiology demonstrated bilateral optic neuropathy, with pattern visual evoked potential traces demonstrating marked latency and small amplitude responses of the P100 waves, which improved to within normal limits on cessation of metronidazole. This case study demonstrates clinical and electrophysiological reversibility of optic neuropathy secondary to high dose and prolonged metronidazole use.
Implications of Inorganic/Organic Interconversion on Fluxes of Arsenic in Marine Food Webs
Authors: W. R. Penrose, H. B. S. Conacher, R. Black, J. C. Meranger, W. Miles, H. M. Cunningham, W. R. Squires
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

An organic form of arsenic is commonly encountered in marine organisms; in greysole and shrimp, it accounted for all arsenic found in muscle tissue. It has been isolated from flounder tissue by two independent procedures; it was hydrophilic, cationic, and was not decomposed to inorganic arsenic by hot nitric and sulfuric acids. NMR spectroscopy indicated all nonexchangeable protons to be equivalent; they behaved more like N-methyl protons than As-methyl protons. High-resolution mass spectroscopy from a heated probe yielded a spectrum corresponding to tetramethylarsonium (AsMe4+); the authentic ion, however, had TLC and ion-exchange behavior different from that of the natural product. Infrared spectrometry likewise produced conflicting or uninterpretable data. Decomposition of the compound for analytical purposes was accomplished by dry ashing under oxidizing conditions. Sea urchins, like trout, converted arsenic to an organic form, but to a more limited degree. Arsenic found naturally in sea urchins and in a species of macroalga was also organic. In individual containers, sea urchins were fed on the alga for 7 weeks. During this time they consumed 0.203 +/- 0.075 mg total As and excreted only 0.036 +/- 0.015 mg as feces. Measurement of inorganic As in the seawater did not account for the discrepancy, but measurements of total As did (0.202 +/- 0.095 mg). Sea urchins, like humans, appear to be able to rapidly excrete these organic forms of arsenic.
Vanishing Hypothyroidism
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

WE tend to think that the effects of any process that impairs thyroid function sufficiently to cause hypothyroidism are irreversible and that thyroxine-replacement therapy therefore needs to be lifelong. Some patients, however, regain normal thyroid function after having hypothyroidism for days or months, even years. In mechanistic terms, hypothyroidism can be reversible when thyroid follicular-cell injury is transient and not sufficient to limit the regenerative capacity of the gland or when exogenous or endogenous factors temporarily impair the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones but do not damage the thyroid.Most patients with subacute (painful) or silent (painless) thyroiditis, including . . .
Characteristics and treatment effect of senior patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): A retrospective analysis.
Authors: J. Boudreault, M. A. Tehfe, F. Aubin, M. Sylvestre, J. M. Ayoub, C. S. Richard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e14085 Background: Colorectal cancer affects many elderly patients as approximately 50% of cases are diagnosed in patients older than 70 years of age. We retrospectively studied characteristics, presentation, treatment and clinical course of our senior patients with mCRC. Methods: Medical records of all patients ≥70 years with mCRC treated in our institution from 2006-2009 were reviewed. A multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the effect of chemotherapy (CT) on survival, while adjusting for other factors measured at time of diagnosis (age, sex, comorbidities, and number of metastases). Results: Ninety-four patients (48 men and 46 women) ≥70 year-old with mCRC were identified. Anemia, systemic symptoms, abdominal pain and lower GI bleed were the most common presenting symptoms. Fifty-seven patients did not receive CT mainly because of patient/family refusal, alteration of general status and presence of comorbidities. CT (N=37) was associated with an improved median survival (20.1 months) compared to non-treated group (3.6 months), with hazard ratio (0.20; 95% CI, 0.094 to 0.43; p<0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, age (70-74 vs 75-79 vs ≥80 years), sex, comorbidities (0 vs 1 vs 2 vs ≥3), and number of metastatic sites (1 vs ≥2) were not independently associated with survival. ECOG-PS was not mentioned in the medical record of most patients. Sixty-three percent of the 70-74 year-old patients, 34.6% of the 75-79 year-old group, and only 23.7% of the ≥80 year-old patients received CT. Treatment benefit was seen with either 5-FU monotherapy (HR: 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.75), irinotecan-based (HR: 0.26; 95% CI, 0.083 to 0.79), or oxaliplatin-based CT (HR; 0.079; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.31). Conclusions: Most elderly patients with mCRC do not receive CT, yet in this retrospective study, treatment was associated with a clear survival benefit. The presence of multiple comorbidities did not affect treatment benefit. Although performance status could not be ascertained in this study, it likely influenced survival and the decision to treat with CT or not. Oncogeriatric assessment may be useful in better selecting elderly patients for systemic treatment.
LIFE INSURANCE FEES FOR MEDICAL TOUTS.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
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Authors: S Y Iftikhar, R J C Steel
Journal: Gut (1993)

stones or more than one stone.The paper fails to make any comment on symptom relief, however, and the surprising result of our lithotripsy trial' was that the symptoms were relieved, just as much as after cholecystectomy, within the first month of treatment, well before any stones had disappeared; and the pain relief for the whole year and the relief of many other symptoms did not depend on stone clearance: so we have to distinguish between success in terms of stone clearance and success in terms of symptom relief.Lithotripsy, for whatever reason seems a very cost effective way of doing the second, at least in the short term.We are at present following up our patients for longer periods to see if this symptom improvement is maintained.
Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Eric W. Baum
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We report herein four cases of nodular syphilis, a rare form of secondary syphilis that closely simulates lymphoma and granulomatous disease processes of variable origins. We discuss the clinical presentations, serologic and histologic features, treatment, and course of these patients and review the manifestations of secondary syphilis. We conclude that secondary syphilis is still the great imitator. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3069-3070)
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥65 Years Who Received Care at Home From a Nurse or Other Health Care Professional During the Past 12 Months,† by Age Group — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2018
Authors: Michael Martinez, Tainya Clarke
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2020)

69 70-74 ≥75 Percentage Age group (yrs) * With 95% confidence intervals shown by error bars.† Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population and are derived from the National Health Interview Survey Sample Adult component.Based on a positive response to the question "During the past 12 months, did you receive care at home from a nurse or other health care professional?"In 2018, the percentage of adults aged ≥65 years who received care at home from a nurse or other health care professional during the past 12 months increased with age from 4.5% for adults aged 65-69 years, to 8.2% for those aged 70-74 years and 13.2% for those aged ≥75 years.
New marijuana laws in 2 states prompt caution
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

TWO DAYS after the November elections, Anaheim, Calif, family physician S. Clarke Smith, MD, came face to face with his state's new Proposition 215. "A young man with the requisite ponytail came in to my office complaining of back pain," Smith says. "He said he had muscle spasms and had had a laminectomy. He wanted marijuana." Under the newly passed Proposition 215, the state of California now would allow Smith to write or merely tell the young man that he could smoke marijuana to relieve his back pain, without physician or patient having to fear state criminal reprisals. Smith's response? "I told him that just because we had passed a proposition in California, it didn't mean the federal law didn't apply." But the patient still pushed him to put it in writing. "I told him no way," Smith says. "I said, 'I can't and I won't.' " <h3>Wait Till the Dust</h3>
Evaluation of value in non-inferiority trials by ASCO’s conceptual framework.
Authors: Kenichi Miyamoto, Kenichi Nakamura, Haruhiko Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e18304 Background: ASCO released a conceptual framework assessing the value of cancer treatment options in 2015 and its updated version in 2016 as a tool to evaluate clinical benefit and toxicity in clinical trials. This framework was developed as a facilitator of discussions on the individual treatment between physicians and their patients. This tool consists of the elements of clinical benefit, toxicity, and symptom palliation, and these elements are combined into a score termed the net health benefit (NHB). However, in the clinical setting, not only these elements but also various factors benefit patients such as more convenient treatment schedule, shorter administration time, or non-invasive route of administration. Especially, test treatment in non-inferiority trials is likely to have these merits in addition to the benefit in toxicity. Therefore, we investigated whether the ASCO framework can identify reasonable NHB in test treatment regimens of non-inferiority trials. Methods: A systematic literature search of randomized non-inferiority trials for cancer reported from 2009 to 2015 was performed using PubMed. Inclusion criteria were English, a full-length article, available toxicity data, non-inferiority trial with a positive result, and chemotherapy. We calculated clinical benefit, toxicity score, bonus points, and NHB according to the ASCO framework. Results: We found 20 non-inferiority trials. Median sample size was 419. The common cancer types were colorectal (7 trials), lung (5), hematologic (2), and breast (2). Of 20 trials, 8 were conducted internationally, 4 in Japan, and 3 in Germany. In the ASCO framework, median NHB was 4.5 points, and 7 of 20 trials (35%) showed negative impact of test treatment, which means that NHB was minus points (-0.6 to -24.53). In 6 of these 7 trials, test treatment was in more convenient schedule or administered by non-invasive route compared with standard treatment. Conclusions: In the ASCO framework, merits in treatment schedule or route of administration may not be fully captured, and the test treatments in some non-inferiority trials showed negative NHB. It is desirable to assess not only NHB but also such merits in considering the risk-benefit balance in non-inferiority trials.