tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FREAK PATENTS
Authors: Emory A. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In respect to patented medicines and nostrums which are generally controlled by "process patents" I think you will find, as I did, that the most interesting communication on that subject in medical annals was the report made to Congress in 1849-1850 and to the American Medical Association in 1850, by Dr. Edwards. It could not be bettered much if any at this date. You should have a copy of the "Jackson and Morton Patent No. 4848 for Improvement in Surgical Operations" in your files. Gwathmey (Anesthesia, 1924) refers to the "application" for a patent by Jackson and Morton in the following language: <h3>LETHEON.</h3> —On October 27, 1846, Morton and Jackson sought to patent their anaesthetic under the name of "Letheon." From its odor it was soon recognized as "sulphuric ether." That is an erroneous statement, "Letheon" being merely a "trade name" used in the sale of the
Use the passive voice!
Authors: J. Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Many medical writers hold dear and cite often the advice quoted above. However, in their zeal to obey they neglect to notice that like all advice ("Buy tax-free municipal bonds!"), it is more appropriate in some cases than in others. They also fail to acknowledge that the esteemed authorities Strunk and White advise use of the passive voice when suitable, ie, in a good deal of medical writing. The sulfonamides have been largely replaced by more effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents...<sup>2</sup> Since the subject of<i>discussion</i>is sulfonamides, it seems "more direct and vigorous" to let the subject of the<i>sentence</i>be sulfonamides also, rather than turning it around to read: "More effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents have largely replaced the sulfonamides..." Rabbits sick with tularemia are more easily caught by dogs or cats and may, therefore, be brought into contact with human beings.<sup>3</sup> The author
The possible impact of DRGs on nutritional status of patients having surgery for cancer of the head and neck
Authors: B. S. Linn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our purpose was to determine if the introduction of prospective payment according to diagnosis related groups (DRGs) was associated with any adverse effect on the nutritional status of patients undergoing massive resections for head and neck cancer. The hypothesis was that malnourished patients, in particular those admitted since prospective payment was instituted, would be less well nourished at the time of surgery due to shortened preoperative stays, and, therefore, they would have more postoperative complications than malnourished patients admitted before DRGs. We compared 59 male patients with cancer of the head and neck admitted for massive resections before the introduction of DRGs with 61 similar patients admitted after the introduction of DRGs. These patients were classified as being either malnourished or well nourished. Nutritional status did not differ significantly at admission but was worse at surgery after the introduction of DRGs. In malnourished patients, complication scores were over two times higher after the introduction of DRGs. We conclude that malnourished patients have not fared as well since the prospective payment system was introduced and that other ways need to be devised so malnourished patients can be treated, such as adjusting DRG payments or providing preadmission nutritional support. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:514-518)
Medical prescription of heroin to treatment resistant heroin addicts: two randomised controlled trials
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fibroid embolisationBilateral uterine artery embolisation (fibroid embolisation) is a new technique that has gained some favour in the treatment of fibroids.However, relatively few successful pregnancies have been reported, and there is a risk of hysterectomy because of sepsis of necrotic fibroids.The joint report of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of Radiologists does not recommend fibroid embolisation for infertile women until more is known about outcome. 7 Fibroids and in vitro fertilisationIn women about to begin a course of in vitro fertilisation treatment, there is evidence that intramural fibroids reduce the chance of treatment success because they decrease the implantation potential of an embryo.Evidence also exists that the incidence of miscarriage may be increased in women with an intramural fibroid having in vitro fertilisation treatment.However, no randomised trials show whether myomectomy done on these women will increase their chances of conception.
Hyperaldosteronism associated with liver metastases
Authors: K. J. Pandya
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Plasma aldosterone levels were measured in 50 patients with confirmed liver metastases from various histologically proved primary tumors. None of these patients had electrolyte abnormalities or history of benign liver disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, or renal disease. Patients with edema, ascites, or both had significantly greater elevation of plasma aldosterone levels compared to nonedematous patients; these patients also demonstrated a substantial degree of hepatic dysfunction as evidenced by lower serum albumin levels and higher bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels. This study provides a rational basis for the use of the specific aldosterone inhibitor spironolactone in the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic liver disease and edematous states. (<i>JAMA</i>244:171-172, 1980)
Post-Transcriptional Deregulation of MYC Via PTEN Constitutes a Major Alternative Pathway of MYC Activation In T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Mélanie Bonnet, Marie Loosveld, Bertrand Montpellier, Jean-Marc Navarro, Benoit Quilichini, Christophe Picard, Julie Di Cristofaro, Chantal Fossat, Lucie Hernandez, Emilie Mamessier, Sandrine Roulland, Christine Formisano-Tréziny, Willem A Dik, Anton Langerak, Thomas Prebet, Norbert Vey, Gérard Michel, Jean Gabert, Jean Soulier, Elizabeth A. Macintyre, Vahid Asnafi, Dominique Payet-Bornet, Bertrand Nadel
Journal: Blood (2010)
RELATIVE VALUE OF VARIOUS OPERATIVE PROCEDURES EMPLOYED IN ACUTE EMPYEMA
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anesthesiology
Authors: Lawrence J. Saidman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

An increasingly important role for the anesthesiologist is pain management, which, broadly defined, includes treatment of acute postsurgical pain, chronic nonsurgical pain, and cancer-related pain. In response to the need for a cadre of individuals expert in pain management, the American Board of Anesthesiology in 1993 began awarding a Certificate of Added Qualifications in pain management to board-certified anesthesiologists who fulfilled credentialing requirements and who passed a written examination. The principal entrance requirement is completion of a year of formal training in pain management, although, until 1998, a 2-year practice equivalent could be substituted for the training requirement. Through the end of 1994, a total of 834 candidates have been awarded the Certificate of Added Qualifications in pain management. Sophisticated and large studies reflecting an interest in perioperative risk factors and relationships include an assessment of factors related to perioperative nerve injury. The cause of this complication, which has long
PROTECTIVE INOCULATION.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A FOUR YEARS' COURSE REQUIRED.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US report calls for tighter controls on complementary medicine
Journal: BMJ (2002)

found that only 49% of patients were treated correctly, and that there was no improvement over three months despite instruction and reminders.However, when triage nurses became involved 80% of patients were treated correctly. 3Another study showed that 23% of patients were incorrectly treated in emergency rooms, with those in the highest risk group being the least likely to receive correct treatment for tetanus. 7 Elsewhere, less than 10% of patients referred for plastic surgery were correctly questioned about their tetanus immunisation status. 8 Adverse reactions to adsorbed tetanus vaccine occur in less than 1% of patients; most commonly these are local reactions such as pain, redness, and swelling. 9General reactions, including lethargy, malaise, myalgia, and pyrexia, are less common. 1 Anaphylaxis is rare.On the basis of the low adverse reaction rate and noticeable benefit, resources are already allocated to the national immunisation programme.As immunity in the community improves the use of tetanus immunoglobulin will decrease and will be required only for highly contaminated wounds.This case shows how the omission of the smallest detail can have a fatal outcome.Complete management of an injured patient includes a full history of tetanus immunisation and adherence to the Department of Health's immunoprophylaxis protocol.
Softened Water
Authors: Morton Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by McGarvey (227:1258, 1974) concerning the sodium content of water-softened water is both incorrect and misleading. The sodium chloride used to regenerate the ion-exchange resins of home water-softeners does just that; it exchanges sodium ions for the calcium and magnesium ions removed from the water. These calcium and magnesium ions are then removed in the backwash cycle of the regeneration process as the chloride salt. Thus, all the chloride ions are removed. As fresh water then goes through the regenerated resin bed, the hardness elements, calcium and magnesium, replace the sodium on the resin, and the sodium goes into the drinking water as the salt of the anion to which the calcium and magnesium ions were formerly bound. This is usually a sulfate, carbonate, or bicarbonate. The only chloride ions in the water are the chloride ions that were in the water before it was softened.
PWE-153 Cost Effectiveness Of Rifaximin-a In The Reduction Of Recurrence Of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: CD Poole, P Conway, K Nanuwa, B Joseph, C Bannister, CJ Currie
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Rifaximin-α is effective in reducing the recurrence of episodes of overt HE. The aim was to characterise the cost effectiveness of rifaximin-α versus standard care (lactulose). <h3>Methods</h3> This economic evaluation used a Markov state transition model. The outcome was the incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER), derived from estimates of the cost/quality adjusted life years. The payer perspective was that of UK National Health Service. Outcome data were from two trials of rifaximin-α. Population outcome data were from a complementary study of patients with liver cirrhosis treated within the NHS. Cost data (GBP£2012) were derived from published sources. Health-related utility was estimated indirectly from disease-specific trial QoL data. The time horizon was five years. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3.5%. Extensive sensitivity analysis was carried out. <h3>Results</h3> The average cost of the included elements of care was £15,476 in the rifaximin-α arm and £4,486 in the lactulose arm, a difference of £10,990. The corresponding values for benefit was 2.36 QALYs, and 1.83 QALYs per person, respectively; a difference of 0.53 units. This translated into a base-case ICER of £20,852/QALY. Key parameters that impacted the ICER included the event-free survival pattern, ranging from an ICER of £13,919 using an exponential model, to £21,425/QALY using a log-logistic model. Evaluation to 10 years resulted in an ICER of £19,122/QALY. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Rifaximin-α in patients with liver cirrhosis was cost effective compared to standard care, reducing episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> C. Poole Consultant for: Norgine, P. Conway Employee of: Norgine;, K. Nanuwa Employee of: Norgine, B. J, oseph Employee of: Norgine, C. Bannister Consultant for: Norgine, C. Currie Consultant for: Norgine.&gt;
State-Specific Incidence of Diabetes Among Adults—Participating States, 1995-1997 and 2005-2007
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, resulting in substantial human and economic costs. National survey data indicate that the incidence of diagnosed diabetes in the United States has increased rapidly and that obesity is a major predictor of diabetes incidence. However, data on diabetes incidence have not been analyzed by state. To assess the geographic distribution of diagnosed diabetes and to examine state-specific changes, CDC analyzed data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys for the periods 1995-1997 and 2005-2007. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, during 2005-2007, average, annual age-adjusted incidence of diabetes ranged from 5.0 to 12.8 per 1,000 persons among 40 participating states, the District of Columbia (DC), and two territories, with the greatest incidence observed in the South and Puerto Rico. In addition, among 33 participating states with data for both periods, the age-adjusted incidence of diabetes increased 90% from 4.8 per 1,000 in 1995-1997 to 9.1 in 2005-2007. Among persons at risk, diabetes can be prevented or delayed by moderate weight loss and increased physical activity. Development and delivery of interventions that result in weight loss and increased physical activity among those at risk are needed to halt the increasing incidence of diabetes in U.S. states.
Retrospective analysis of erlotinib in the treatment of patients over 70 years with NSCLC: Our experience in the geriatric oncologic unit.
Authors: Silvana Assunta Leo, Caterina Accettura, Giampiero Romano, Alessandro Cocciolo, Marianna Giampaglia, Antonio Gnoni, Antonella Licchetta, Valeria Saracino, Vito Lorusso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e20681 Background: Erlotinib is a potential treatment option for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC; it has demonstrated a survival advantage vs BSC in the BR.21 study after 1 st /2 nd line failure and a good safety profile in elderly pts. Methods: Wereviewed the medical records of pts over 70 yearstreated with Erlotinib in the last 5 years in our Unit in order to correlate response to pts characteristics. EGFR mutation status (Ems) was not determined in any pts. Response was evaluated by CT scan every 2 months. Results: Since October 2006 we have treated 84 elderly pts with stage IIIb/IV NSCLC as 2 nd /3 rd /4 th line of therapy. Median age was 75 (range 70-90), 62 (73.8%) were males and 22 (26.2%) women, respectively. Histology was ADK in 46 (54.8%), SQM in 31 (36.9%), other in 7 (8.3%). Stage IIIb/IV was 19/65 (22.6%/77.4%). PS was 0 in 7 (8.3%), 1 in 67 (79.8%), 2 in 9 (10.7%), 3 in 1 (1.2%) pts. With regard to smoking status,15 (17.8%) pts were never smoker, 59 (70.2%) ex smoker and 10 (12%) currently smoker. Patients treated as 2 nd /3 rd /4 th line were 59/23/2 (70.2%/27.3%/2.4%). Overall, 3 pts achieved PR (3.6%), 33 SD (39.3%), 48 PD (57.1%). The characteristics of responding pts were: female, ADK, never/ex smokers, PS 0/1, 2 nd line. Clinical benefit rate was 42.8%, 60.8% in ADK (28/46), 16.1% in SQM pts (5/31), 42.9% in other pts (3/7). The median duration of response (Mdr) was 20.3 months (range 11-36), Mdr of SD was 34 (range 7-55). Responding pts had a median survival of 43 months (range 34-59). Conclusions: In our series of elderly pts, Erlotinib was more effective in female, PS ≤ 2, ADK, and 2 nd line. This drug can be considered a good alternative to chemotherapy in elderly pts with ADK and good PS, irrespective of mutational status of EGFR.
Haemodialysis Disequilibrium
Authors: M. Bloch
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MMI, JOUNA 821 of depression diagnosed clinically as either " neurotic depression " or " psychotic depression "; half the cases were diagnosed by one clinician and half by another.Not only were the proportions diagnosed " neurotic " and " psychotic " by the two clinicians significantly different (P<O.O1), but the clinical labels bore no relationship to questionary responses.The pattern of response in cases we diagnosed as " psychotic depression " was also markedly different to that found in cases called " psychotic depression " at another hospital.'Both clinicians had over four years' experience in psychiatry, and these results emphasize, I believe, the difficulties and uncertainties which do in fact surround the classification of depression.The reasons for these difficulties are complex,4 but it is surely better to recognize that this is so than to assume, as in your leading article, that the problem is simple and easily solved.-I am, etc.,
AMA Delegates Act on Fee Issues
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occupational Cancer in the United Kingdom
Authors: David Coggon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Most of the known occupational hazards of cancer have occurred in the United Kingdom.Over recent decades a contraction of manufacturing industry and legal controls on carcinogens have led to reductions in exposure, but cases continue to occur, often as a consequence of exposures 20 or more years ago.By far the most important occupational cause of cancer in the United Kingdom is asbestos, which currently accounts for some 600 cases of mesothelioma and perhaps 100 cases of bronchial carcinoma per year.Recent trends suggest that the number of mesothelioma cases attributable to asbestos will increase over the next few decades.Exposure to sunlight in outdoor work may cause several hundred cases of nonmelanomatous skin cancer per year, and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could be responsible for a similar number of skin and lung tumors.Other known occupational hazards of cancer are unlikely to account for more than 100 cases per year in total.
Quantitation
Authors: H. D. Royal, B. J. McNeil
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Clinicians who are either enthralled by numbers or who are somewhat in awe of them frequently fail to be sufficiently critical of tests with numerical outputs. They assume that such tests have a value or accuracy higher than do tests which have only subjective or qualitative outputs. While this situation is sometimes the case, it is clearly not always the case. In this chapter on quantitative nuclear medicine, we shall focus first on objective measurements of regional physiology and secondly on measurements of the efficacy of diagnotic tests. In both sections we shall try to emphasize basic principles, the likely effects of errors in analysis and the extent to which mathematical approximations provide accurate answers to clinical problems. Since this chapter provides only an introduction to these quantitative techniques, the interested reader is encouraged to consult other more detailed sources which are listed in the references.