tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Lumleian Lectures on the Pathological Relations of the Voice and Speech
Authors: J. S. Bristowe
Journal: BMJ (1879)

LECTURRE II.-(nCocluded.)Loss or impairment of the laryngeal voice is one of the common inci- dents of many of the diseases which involve the larynx or its ministerial nerves.It is a common temporary consequence of catarrhal inflam- mation of the vocal cords and surrounding parts; it is a frequent and often abiding result of syphilitic or tubercular destruction of the vocal apparatus, or of the involvement of the same parts in neoplasms.But the most interesting causes of pathological modifications of the voice are those which are referable to affections of the nerves and nerve-centres concerned in the actions of the larynx.Diphtheria and hysteria are common causes of paralysis of the motor and sensory nerves distributed to these parts, the muscles which govern the tension of the cords being most frequently involved.The movements of the vocal cords are not often compromised in cerebral hemiplegia, yet occasionally in such cases the voice becomes feeble and monotonous.Much more frequently the central causes of laryngeal paralysis are such as involve the medulla Ioblongata, and especially, therefore, glosso-labio-laryngeal palsy, dis- seminated sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, and the presence of tumours in or about the medulla.Again, any lesion involving one of the pneumogastric trunks, or its superior or inferior laryngeal branch, or any of the subdivisions of these branches, necessarily leads to paralysis of the muscle or group of muscles to which it is distributed.This sub- ject is one of great interest, and might well repay analytical investigation; but I shall confine my remarks to a single point, which to the physician is probably the most interesting of all, namely, paralysis in the domain of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.This nerve, as is well known from its long course and peculiar relations to certain important structures, is very liable to be involved in the progress of material dis- eases of the root of the neck and upper part of the chest, among which we may include inflammations of the pericardium and pleura, and especially of the connective tissue in the locality referred to, and goitre.But by far the commonest and most important are aneurisms of the aorta or innominate artery, and malignant tumours.Recurrent laryngeal paralysis is generally unilateral and attended with loss of motor power in all the muscles which are supplied by the nerve; namely, all the intrinsic muscles except the crico-thyroid, which is the special tensor of the vocal cord, and is concerned in the production of the higher notes of the voice.The powers of adduction and abduction are lost, and so much of the permanent tension of the cord as is due to the action of the thyro-arytenoid.If such a larynx be examined with the
Carcinoid tumor of Meckel's diverticulum. Carcinoid syndrome characterized by predominant respiratory manifestations
Authors: B. Letac
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Carcinoidosis due to a tumor in Meckel's diverticulum occurred in a 68-year-old man. Location of a carcinoid tumor in Meckel's diverticulum is very rare, and its association with a carcinoid syndrome is rarer still. Clinical manifestations were peculiar as they were dominated by respiratory disorders consisting of attacks of asthma and permanent dyspnea. Respiratory function tests confirmed the spasmodic bronchostenosis and its relief with isoproterenol sulfate (Aleudrin [Britain]; Norisodrine Sulfate, comparable US product). At autopsy, there was a small primary tumor in Meckel's diverticulum with spread to the mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver. Heart lesions were limited to a thickening of the leaflets and chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve. Serotonin content of the tumor tissue was 10μg/gm of tissue, an abnormally high figure though much lower than that usually found in these tumors.
Phase I/II trial of weekly nab-Paclitaxel as 2nd or 3rd line treatment in NSCLC without driver mutations (OLCSG1303)
Authors: Shinobu Hosokawa, Akihiro Bessho, Daijiro Harada, Toshiyuki Kouzuki, Katsuyuki Hotta, Naoyuki Sone, Shoichi Kuyama, Shingo Harita, Nagio Takigawa, Mitsune Tanimoto, Katsuyuki Kiura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Clinical Dermatology
Authors: Cory A. Dunnick
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABO blood groups and abortion.
Authors: J Linde, J Hansen, K Siersbek-Nielsen, V Fuglsang-Frederiksen, Molholm Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1972)

powerful antibiotic is sufficient without drainage of an abscess."I would like to question this statement.I have personally cleared out more than one sterile cavity persisting several months after the apparent cure of osteomyelitis with antibiotics alone.-I am, etc., R. MERRYWEATHER Gloucester Vitamin D in Patients on Anticonvulsants SIR,-Dr.Claus Christiansen and others (23 September, p. 738) showed an increase in bone density during treatment with vitamin D in 10 epileptic patients on anticonvulsants.We have previously shown significantly lower values of bone density in a group of nine epileptic women compared with a con- trol group of 10 psychiatric patients resident in the same epileptic colony.'After our initial investigation in June 1971 we reinvestigated our groups of patients in Febru- ary 1972 to find out if there was a seasonal variation in bone density values, but they were unaltered.During the next six months both groups were given calciferol 50,000 IU/day by mouth.Bone density was assessed by gamma-ray osteodensitometry after three and six months of vitamin D treatment.During vitamin D treatment no significant alteration in bone density could be demonstrated, but bone density mean values measured both on the heel and elbow remained significantly lower in the group of epileptic patients.None of the patients showed signs of vitamin D overdosage.The discrepancy between our results and those of Dr. Christiansen and his colleagues mittht be explained by differences in the epileptics studied with respect to sex, age, duration of anticonvulsant therapy, vitamin D dosage, and calcium intake.We are making further studies of bone density in epileptic patients on anticonvulsants during treatment with vitamin D and calcium.-We
Thoracic Duct Lymphocyte Depletion for Renal Allografts
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rhabdomyolysis and renal injury with lovastatin use. Report of two cases in cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: C. L. Corpier
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, occurs in cardiac transplant recipients both as a preexisting condition and as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy. Lovastatin (Mevacor) has emerged as an agent that may effectively manage this condition. Few serious side effects of this drug have been observed. We describe two cardiac transplant recipients treated with lovastatin in conjunction with their other medications, including cyclosporine, who developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. Resolution of muscle damage followed discontinuation of cyclosporine and lovastatin therapy. We postulate that hepatic dysfunction secondary to cyclosporine predisposed these patients to lovastatin-induced muscle damage. Use of this drug in cardiac and other organ transplant recipients should be accompanied by close surveillance of creatine kinase, hepatic transaminases, and cyclosporine levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:239-241)
Editorial: Aetiology of optic neuritis.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

results obtained when antifungal drugs were combined with surgery.Taking nine patients managed this way from published reports together with 11 of their own the mortality was 20%.The Los Angeles team advocate surgery within 48 hours of diagnosis (thus minimizing the time during which the organism may grow into the myocardium), with removal of the infected valve and irrigation of the infected site with a solution of amphotericin B (1 g per litre of Ringer's solution) for a period of 15 minutes before the prosthetic valve is inserted.After operation they recommend a prolonged course of ampho- tericin B given intravenously in a dose of 10 mg increasing to 50 mg if tolerated, three times weekly, possibly up to a total dose of 2 500 mg.Experience of this condition has shown that its diagnosis constitutes a surgical emergency, and that few patients will survive with chemotherapy alone.
CHD Risk Factors In African-Americans
Authors: Daniel W Jones, Lloyd E Chambless, Aaron R Folsom, Richard G Hutchinson, Richey A Sharrett, H A Tyroler, Herman A Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2001)

0017 Few studies have reported the incidence of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in African-Americans. As part of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, baseline risk factors were tested as predictors of incident coronary heart disease over 7-10 years of follow-up, 1987-1997, in four U.S. communities (Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Washington County, Maryland). The sample included 14,026 men and women (2,298 black women [BW]; 5,686 white women [WW]; 1,396 black men [BM]; and 4,682 white men [WM] aged 45-64 who were free of clinical coronary heart disease at baseline. Age-adjusted incidence rates for the 7-10 year period (95% confidence interval) for coronary heart disease were BW 5.0(4.1-6.1), WW 4.0(3.5-4.6), BM 10.7(8.9-12.8), and WM 12.6(11.5-13.8). In multivariate analysis, traditional risk factors were generally predictive in blacks as in whites. Hypertension was a particularly strong risk factor in black women, with hazard rate ratios (HR) being: BW 4.12, WW 2.0, BM 1.85, and WM 1.59. Diabetes was predictive, but HRs were somewhat less in blacks than in whites: BW 1.88, WW 3.34, BM 1.70, and WW 2.14. LDL cholesterol was similarly predictive in all race/gender groups, HR 1.19-1.36 per S.D. LDL cholesterol increment. HDL cholesterol appeared somewhat more protective in whites than in blacks. Although black/white differences in risk factor associations exist, there were more similarities than differences in coronary heart disease risk factors and incidence. Findings from this study, along with clinical trial evidence showing efficacy, support aggressive management of traditional risk factors in blacks as in whites. Understanding of the intriguing racial differences in risk factor prediction may be an important part of further understanding the causes of coronary heart disease and may lead to better methods of prevention and treatment.
Routine blood cultures
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Middle lobe bronchiectasis. Report of an unusual familial occurrence
Authors: G. K. Danielson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In an unusual family, four of five siblings had extensive bronchiectasis of the middle lobe. Three have undergone lobectomy and the fourth will probably require a resection. A strong history of allergy is present in both affected and nonaffected members of the family. Although some possible congenital and acquired factors have been investigated, the cause of the middle lobe disease in this family remains unknown.
Reduction of Infarct Size with the Early Use of Timolol in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

One hundred forty-four patients admitted to the hospital within four hours after onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to either intravenous timolol treatment or to placebo. Timolol was given intravenously for the first 24 hours and orally thereafter for the duration of hospitalization. Infarct evolution was assessed by continuous vectorcardiography and creatine kinase release. The timolol group had reduced myocardial ischemia and infarct size as measured by an accelerated reduction of ST-vector magnitude, a significant reduction of maximal cumulative creatine kinase release (29.5 per cent), and significantly smaller changes in QRS-vector variables (20 to 25 per cent). Furthermore, the predicted creatine kinase release and maximal QRS-vector change for a given initial ST-vector magnitude was significantly reduced in the timolol group. Timolol was also associated with significant reductions in pain and need for analgesics and was well tolerated overall. This study supports the use of intravenous timolol in the early phase of suspected myocardial infarction to limit infarct size.
Abstract 2870: Genetic mechanisms of primary chemotherapy resistance in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nicole McNeer, John Philip, Heather Geiger, Rhonda E. Ries, Vincent-Philippe Lavallee, Michael Walsh, Minita Shah, Kanika Arora, Anne-Katrin Emde, Nicolas Robine, Todd A. Alonzo, E. Anders Kolb, Alan S. Gamis, Malcom Smith, Daniela Se Gerhard, Jaime Guidry-Auvil, Soheil Meshinchi, Alex Kentsis
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Survival for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains low, with a primary induction remission failure rate of 10-15%. Although some mutations have been identified that are associated with increased relapse risk, the genomic landscape of pediatric AML resistant to primary chemotherapy is not well characterized. As part of the TARGET initiative (Therapeutically Applicable Research To Generate Effective Treatments), we assembled a cohort of 28 pediatric AML patients with primary chemotherapy resistance and failure of induction chemotherapy, uniformly treated as part of the COG AAML0531 study. We analyzed whole-genome DNA, mRNA, and miRNA sequence data obtained at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. At least three genetically distinct groups were apparent in this cohort, including those with NUP98 rearrangements, somatic mutations of WT1 in the absence of NUP98 variants, and additional recurrent variants including those in KMT2C and MLLT10. Comparisons of mutations before and after chemotherapy revealed both common and distinct gene expression programs. On chemotherapy exposure, these leukemias exhibited diverse forms of clonal evolution. We observed selection for mutant alleles of FRMD8, DHX32, PIK3R1, SHANK3, MKLN1, as well as persistence of WT1 and TP53 mutant clones, and elimination or contraction of FLT3, PTPN11, and NRAS mutant clones. These findings suggest diverse genetic mechanisms for primary chemotherapy resistance in pediatric AML, which should guide new approaches for its diagnosis and therapy. Citation Format: Nicole McNeer, John Philip, Heather Geiger, Rhonda E. Ries, Vincent-Philippe Lavallee, Michael Walsh, Minita Shah, Kanika Arora, Anne-Katrin Emde, Nicolas Robine, Todd A. Alonzo, E. Anders Kolb, Alan S. Gamis, Malcom Smith, Daniela Se Gerhard, Jaime Guidry-Auvil, Soheil Meshinchi, Alex Kentsis. Genetic mechanisms of primary chemotherapy resistance in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2870.
Staphylococcus aureus With Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin—United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of both hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide, and the antimicrobial agent vancomycin has been used to treat many S. aureus infections, particularly those caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In 1996, the first documented case of infection caused by a strain of S. aureus with intermediate levels of resistance to vancomycin (VISA; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]=8 microg/mL) was reported from Japan. This report describes the first isolation of VISA from a patient in the United States, which may be an early warning that S. aureus strains with full resistance to vancomycin will emerge.
Benefits of tight blood pressure control to prevent diabetes complications were not sustained
Authors: Eoin P. O’Sullivan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal ClubDecember 16, 2008Benefits of tight blood pressure control to prevent diabetes complications were not sustainedEoin P. O’Sullivan, MD, Sean F. Dinneen, MDEoin P. O’Sullivan, MDUniversity Hospital, Galway, Ireland (E.P.O.)Search for more papers by this author, Sean F. Dinneen, MDNational University of Ireland,, Galway, Ireland (S.F.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-12-200812160-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHolman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Neil HA, Matthews DR. Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:1565-76. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18784091Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Endocrinology: References1 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-53. [PMID: 9742976] Google Scholar2 UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998;317:703-13. [PMID: 9732337] Google Scholar3 Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al, for the ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2560-72. [PMID: 18539916] Google Scholar4 Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al, for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2545-59. [PMID: 18539917] Google Scholar5 Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2643-53. [PMID: 16371630] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital, Galway, Ireland (E.P.O.)National University of Ireland,, Galway, Ireland (S.F.D.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBenefits of early intensive glucose control to prevent diabetes complications were sustained for up to 10 years Eoin P. O’Sullivan and Sean F. Dinneen Metrics December 16, 2008Volume 149, Issue 12Page: JC6-5KeywordsACE inhibitorsBloodBlood pressureCardiovascular disease riskCardiovascular diseasesEndocrinologyEnzymesGlucoseGlycationHemoglobinHypertensionLipidsMyocardial infarctionOverweightPathogenesisPeripheral vascular diseaseProspective studiesStrokeType 2 diabetes ePublished: 10 March 2020 Issue Published: December 16, 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pregnancy maintenance and parturition: the role of prostaglandin in manipulating the immune and inflammatory response
Authors: R. W. Kelly
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

PREGNANCY represents a delicate balance between the requirements of the growing fetus and the maternal immune system that could potentially reject the semi-allogeneic fetal 'graft' (1). This balance requires an immune tolerance of the fetal tissue and a local suppression of an inflammatory response, but at the time of parturition a selective use of the inflammatory response could provide an effective mechanism for delivering the baby (2). The inflammatory response can be regarded as the effector arm of the immune system, which can be activated independently. In nonreproductive tissue, glucocorticoids afford control. However, during pregnancy and particularly in the uterus, it is likely that progesterone with its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties (3) contributes to the regulation of inflammatory-type responses. The prominent role of progesterone in maintaining pregnancy is demonstrated by the action of antiprogesterone steroids such as RU486 (Mifepristone) that can disrupt pregnancy at any stage (4–6) and, used together with prostaglandins (PGs), provide an effective method of inducing abortion.