tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Announcement:</i> Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week — February 7–14, 2017
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week is observed each year during February 7-14 to promote awareness and education about congenital heart defects (CHDs). CHDs affect approximately one in 100 births every year in the United States and are the most common type of birth defect (1,2). Heart defects are conditions that persons live with throughout their lives; an estimated 1 million children and 1.4 million adults in the United States were living with a CHD in 2010 (3). CDC's website, Stories: Living with Heart Defects, includes personal stories by persons affected by CHDs (https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/stories/heartdefects.html).
Protection from environmental tobacco smoke in California. The case for a smoke-free workplace
Authors: R. Borland
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the extent of exposure of nonsmoking indoor workers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) according to type of work-site smoking policy, work area, workplace size, and demographic characteristics. <h3>Design and Participants.</h3> —Participants included 7162 adult, nonsmoking, indoor workers who were interviewed as part of the 1990 California Tobacco Survey. Respondents were asked whether anyone had smoked in their work area within the past 2 weeks. <h3>Results.</h3> —An estimated 2.2 million California nonsmokers were exposed to tobacco smoke at indoor work sites in 1990. Nonsmoker exposure to ETS was 9.3% for those working in a smoke-free worksite, 23.2% for those working where there was only a work-area restriction, 46.7% for those working where there was a policy that did not include the work area, and 51.4% for those working where there was no work-site smoking policy. After adjustment for type of work area (eg, office, open area), workplace size, and demographic factors, it was determined that nonsmokers working where there was only a work-area ban were 2.8 times more likely to be exposed to ETS than those working in a smoke-free work site. In workplaces with no policy or a policy not covering the work area, nonsmokers were over eight times more likely to be exposed to ETS than those who worked in a smoke-free work site. Nonsmokers who were 18 to 24 years of age, male, or Hispanic, and those with less than a high school education had more exposure to ETS. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These results indicate that adequate protection of nonsmokers from ETS exposure requires a smoke-free work site. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:749-752)
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Johanna Ungerstedt
Journal: HemaSphere (2019)

This session provides an update on the latest research and understanding of the impact of spliceosome mutations in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of MDS, and finally an update on how to clinically manage high-risk MDS patients after hypomethylating agent (HMA) failure. Learning goals: After this session, the audience will know the most common splicing factor mutations in MDS. Understand the molecular results of mutations in splicing factors. Knowledge of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MDS. Be able to describe at least 5 mechanisms by which innate and inflammatory signaling could be targeted for treatment of MDS. Understand the definition of HMA failure/resistance. Know the prognosis of patients that have failed HMA. Understand and reason on the current recommendation is for the treatment of high-risk MDS after HMA failure/resistance.
Lessons from a clinic for the homeless. The Camillus Health Concern
Authors: A. M. Fournier
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To present the educational opportunities provided by a model clinic for homeless persons. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive. <h3>Patients or Other Participants.</h3> —Patients are those who are cared for at Camillus Health Concern clinic for the homeless in Miami, Fla. Other participants include students, residents, and faculty affiliated with the University of Miami (Fla) School of Medicine. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Affiliation of the clinic with the medical school has shifted the clinic from a pure service model to an education and service model. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers of patients and encounters are presented, as well as student and resident rotations, numbers, and hours. <h3>Results.</h3> —Shifting to an education and service model has increased productivity of the clinic while providing a unique, multifaceted educational experience to students, residents, and faculty. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Those factors that contribute to the success of this education and service model include the professional satisfaction that results from providing care to patients who previously have not had access to health care; a team approach that includes faculty, students, nurses, and social workers; an environment that fosters clinical judgment rather than expensive tests; and the opportunity to teach social responsibility in the process of providing health care. We encourage other schools to consider the development of clinics for the homeless as alternative ambulatory training sites. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2721-2724)
ATRT-03. TARGETED CATALYTIC INHIBITION OF EZH2 SYNERGIZES WITH LOW-DOSE PANOBINOSTAT IN MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOR
Authors: Dean Popovski, Catherine Cochrane, Elizabeth Algar, Anette Szczepny, Samantha Jayasekara, David Ashley, Peter Downie, Neil Watkins, Jason Cain
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor (MRT) is a rare pediatric cancer predominantly occurring in the kidney and CNS that is highly resistant to current treatment protocols. MRT is almost exclusively characterized by homozygous inactivation of SMARCB1, a critical subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, implicating epigenetic deregulation in the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, we showed that sustained treatment of human MRT cell lines with the Histone deacetylase inhibitor, Panobinostat, at low-dose, inhibited tumor growth by driving multi-lineage differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, re-expression of SMARCB1 in MRT cells phenocopied low-dose Panobinostat treatment and led to growth inhibition, senescence and terminal differentiation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting similar mechanistic functionality. Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a core subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, confers transcriptional silencing via the addition of methyl groups to Lysine 27 of Histone 3 (H3K27me3), and is a transcriptional target of SMARCB1. EZH2 expression and H3K27me3 were drastically reduced following sustained low-dose Panobinostat treatment and re-expression of SMARCB1 in MRT cells. Sustained siRNA knockdown of EZH2 in G401 cells resulted in reduced cell growth and changes in mRNA expression, mimicking low-dose Panobinostat treatment and SMARCB1 re-expression. Treatment of MRT cells with the EZH2-catalytic domain inhibitors, GSK126, GSK343 and UNC1999, had no effect on EZH2 expression and only partially reduced cell growth despite dose-dependent reductions in H3K27me3 implying important non-catalytic EZH2 function. Remarkably, co-treatment of MRT with low-dose Panobinostat and GSK126 resulted in reduced EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression, significantly reduced cell growth and increased differentiation in vitro and in vivo compared to single agent controls, demonstrating a synergistic relationship. This data suggests EZH2 is an important mediator of MRT proliferation and differentiation and provides evidence for improved efficacy of dual therapeutic targeting of EZH2 with low-dose Panobinostat.
NSAIDs provoke severe acute diarrhoea
Authors: W Van Den Hout, G Tijhuis, J Hazes, F Breedveld, P Vliet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Objective: To assess the relative cost effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist care, inpatient team care, and day patient team care.Methods: Incremental cost effectiveness analysis and cost utility analysis, alongside a prospective randomised controlled trial with two year follow up.Included were patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with increasing difficulty in performing activities of daily living over the previous six weeks.Quality of life and utility were assessed by the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life questionnaire, the Short Form-6D, a transformed rating scale, and the time tradeoff.A cost-price analysis was conducted to estimate the costs of inpatient and day patient hospitalisations.Other healthcare and non-healthcare costs were estimated from cost questionnaires.Results: 210 patients with RA (75% female, median age 59 years) were included.Aggregated over the two year follow up period, no significant differences were found on the quality of life and utility instruments.The costs of the initial treatment were estimated at 200 for clinical nurse specialist care, 5000 for inpatient team care, and 4100 for day patient team care.Other healthcare costs and non-healthcare costs were not significantly different.The total societal costs did not differ significantly between inpatients and day patients, but were significantly lower for the clinical nurse specialist patients by at least 5400.Conclusions: Compared with inpatient and day patient team care, clinical nurse specialist care was shown to provide equivalent quality of life and utility, at lower costs.Therefore, for patients with health conditions that allow for any of the three types of care, the preferred treatment from a health-economic perspective is the care provided by the clinical nurse specialist.. . . . . . . . . .
THE DOCTOR IN POLITICS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Puerperal Cardiomyopathy
Authors: S. M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1959)

x-rayed rises (Bradbury, 1948).Th-is did not occur in Duumfries.The same rate (1.5 per thousand x-rayed) was found in the home-visited sector (87.6% survey) as in the remainder of the town (64.4% survey).We attach considerable importance to the follow-up study of the burgh with respect to pulmonary tuberculosis arising in the year following the survey.T-here were 12 new notifications.Three of these patients had been x-rayed in the survey ; on re-reading the films only one of the three was regarded as having been " missed."The remaining two patients, aged 51 and 72 years, were, we believe, correctly passed as free from tuberculosis and yet within the year had deve'oped active and infective lesions.This has occurred in a relatively small sur*(ey, and stresses the danger in clinical practice of excluding the possibility of active tuberculosis because of a recent clear M.M.R. film, even in a person over 50 years of age.Among the 12 new notifications in the year after the survey there were nine patients who were not x-rayed during the campaign.None of these patients was from the home-visited sector of the burgh, where the survey reached the 86% level; this shows the value of a high x-ray coverage.Five of the nine patients were over 65 yealrs of age, whereas in the survey no active disease was found above that age.X-ray response falls as age increases, and special efforts are necessary to get the co-operation of the elderly.It does appear from the survey that the residue of tuberculous infection is occurring in the areas and at the ages where the response was least satisfactory.
Serum antibodies specific for tumor antigens in breast cancer may be useful diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: H. Lu, V. Goodell, M. L. Disis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

11081 Background: Breast cancer is immunogenic and a number of tumor antigens have been identified using serum from breast cancer patients. We questioned whether humoral immunity to tumor associated antigens (TAA) in breast cancer patients could be used as a biomarker to predict disease. Methods: Serum antibody responses to a panel of TAA were measured in serum from breast cancer patients (n=100–200) and age-matched controls (n=100–200) using ELISA. Results: Breast cancer patients have increased antibody response to p53 (10% vs. 1%, p<0.001), HER2 (13% vs. 5%, p=0.004), MUC1 (20% vs. 3%, p<0.001), topoisomerase II alpha (7% vs. 3%, p=0.001), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2, 14% vs. 1%, p<0.001), cyclin D1 (8% vs. 5%, p=0.04), and cathepsin D (5% vs. 3%, p=0.05). To determine the potential diagnostic value of these serum antibodies, we measured antibody levels to these TAA in an independent sample set which included 184 breast cancer patients and 134 normal donors. Responses were used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The samples were judged as positive or negative for breast cancer using measurements derived either from a single marker or a combination of the markers. Results showed that antibody response to p53 alone was not a significant predictor of breast cancer (AUC= 0.48, p= 0.538), but combining responses to 2 antigens (p53 and HER-2/neu) resulted in an AUC of 0.61 (p= 0.006), and combining responses to 4 antigens (p53, HER-2/neu, IGFBP-2 and TOPO2α) increased the area under the curve to 0.63 (p= 0.001). Using an algorithm weighted on logistic regression coefficients of independent antibody markers resulted in an AUC of 0.70 (p< 0.001). Conclusions: This data suggests that a panel of autoantibodies to breast cancer associated antigens may serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Current Comment
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of gallbladder emptying decreases cholesterol saturation in bile in the Richardson ground squirrel*1
Authors: J PAULETZKI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Impaired gallbladder emptying is frequent in cholesterol gallstone disease as well as in predisposing conditions like pregnancy and obesity. Gallbladder hypomotility is considered a pathogenic factor for gallstone formation, providing the residence time for cholesterol crystal nucleation, but any effect on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and subsequently on biliary lipid composition is unknown. Therefore, we studied the effect of prolonged suppression of gallbladder emptying with a cholecystokinin (CCK-A) receptor antagonist on bile formation in Richardson ground squirrels fed a trace versus a 1% cholesterol diet. Biliary lipid secretion was measured directly and bile acid pool size assessed by isotope dilution ([14C]-cholic acid). Gallbladder contraction was determined in vitro in response to CCK. The CCK-antagonist (MK-329) greatly inhibited gallbladder contraction in vitro and increased gallbladder fasting volume and bile acid pool size in vivo. It significantly lowered the cholesterol saturation index by 35% and 46% in hepatic bile and by 18% and 28% in gallbladder bile in the trace and cholesterol diet groups, respectively. Bile acid secretion and bile flow doubled with the CCK-receptor antagonist. Chronic CCK receptor antagonist-induced inhibition of gallbladder emptying increases bile acid secretion and thereby decreases cholesterol saturation in bile. Extensive biliary hypomotility thus leads to a more rapid cycling of bile acids by depriving the gallbladder of its function in the enterohepatic circulation.
RENAL VEIN RENIN IN RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deformational Dynamics of the Aortic Root
Authors: Paul Dagum, G. Randall Green, Francisco J. Nistal, George T. Daughters, Tomasz A. Timek, Linda E. Foppiano, Ann F. Bolger, Neil B. Ingels, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Current surgical methods for treating aortic valve and aortic root pathology vary widely, and the basis for selecting one repair or replacement alternative over another continues to evolve. More precise knowledge of the interaction between normal aortic root dynamics and aortic valve mechanics may clarify the implications of various surgical procedures on long-term valve function and durability. Methods and Results —To investigate the role of aortic root dynamics on valve function, we studied the deformation modes of the left, right, and noncoronary aortic root regions during isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, and diastole. Radiopaque markers were implanted at the top of the 3 commissures (sinotubular ridge) and at the annular base of the 3 sinuses in 6 adult sheep. After a 1-week recovery, ECG and left ventricular and aortic pressures were recorded in conscious, sedated animals, and the 3D marker coordinates were computed from biplane videofluorograms (60 Hz). Left ventricular preload, contractility, and afterload were independently manipulated to assess the effects of changing hemodynamics on aortic root 3D dynamic deformation. The ovine aortic root undergoes complex, asymmetric deformations during the various phases of the cardiac cycle, including aortoventricular and sinotubular junction strain and aortic root elongation, compression, shear, and torsional deformation. These deformations were not homogeneous among the left, right, and noncoronary regions. Furthermore, changes in left ventricular volume, pressure, and contractility affected the degree of deformation in a nonuniform manner in the 3 regions studied, and these effects varied during isovolumic contraction, ejection, isovolumic relaxation, and diastole. Conclusions —These complex 3D aortic root deformations probably minimize aortic cusp stresses by creating optimal cusp loading conditions and minimizing transvalvular turbulence. Aortic valve repair techniques or methods of replacement using unstented autograft, allograft, or xenograft tissue valves that best preserve this normal pattern of aortic root dynamics should translate into a lower risk of long-term cusp deterioration.
ACTR-62. PHASE I/II STUDY OF TEMOZOLOMIDE PLUS NIMUSTINE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT MALIGNANT GLIOMAS: KYOTO NEURO-ONCOLOGY GROUP
Authors: Tomokazu Aoki, Yoshiki Arakawa, Tetsuya Ueba, Masashi Oda, Namiko Nishida, Yukinori Akiyama, Tetsuya Tukahara, Koichi Iwasaki, Nobuhiro Mikuni, Susumu Miyamoto
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The objective of this phase I/II study was to examine the efficacy and toxicity profile of temozolomide(TMZ) plus nimustine (ACNU) Patients who had received a standard radiotherapy with one or two previous chemo-regimens were enrolled. In phase I, the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) by TMZ (150mg/m2/day) (Day1-5) plus various doses of ACNU (30,35,40,45 mg/m2/day) (Day15) per 4 weeks was defined on a standard 3 + 3 design. In phase II, these therapeutic activity and safety of this regimen were evaluated. Forty-nine eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 50 years-old. Eighty percent had a KPS of 70100. Histologies were glioblastoma(73%), anaplastic astrocytoma(22%), anaplastic oligodendroglioma(4%). In phase I, 15 patients were treated at four cohorts by TMZ plus ACNU. MTD was TMZ (150/mg/m2) plus ACNU (40mg/m2). In phase II, 40 patients were treated at the dose of cohort 3 (MTD). Thirty-five percent of patients experienced grade 3 or 4 toxicities, mainly hematologic. The overall response rate was 11% (4/37). Sixty-eight percent (25/37) had stable disease. Twenty-two percent (8/37) showed progression. Progression free survival (PFS) at 6 and 12 month were 24% (95%CI, 12–35%) and 8% (95%CI, 4–15%). Median PFS was 13 months(95%CI, 9.2–17.2months). Overall survival (OS) at 6 and 12 were 78% (95%CI, 67–89%) and 49% (95%CI, 33–57%). Median OS was 11.8 months (95%CI, 8.2–14.5months). This phase I/II study showed a moderate toxicity in hematology and may has a promising efficacy in OS, without inferiority in PFS.