tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: David G. Cogan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE blood vessels of the retina are one of the major target organs of diabetes. More than half the diabetic patients now living have a related retinopathy, and of these, 1 or 2 per cent have a progressive form that will relentlessly lead to blindness. Considered from another point of view, approximately 10 per cent of all blindness in the United States is currently attributable to diabetes. The fact that many of the patients affected are young adults reinforces the socioeconomic and emotional problems that the disease presents.The clinical hallmark of diabetic retinopathy is the presence of hemorrhages, microaneurysms, . . .
Reactive hyperaemia releases t-Pa in uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients Giulia Dell'Omo, Antonio De Giorgi, Roberta Fioriti, Ferdinando De Negri, Franco Carmassi, Roberto Pedrinelli, Mario Mariani. Universit� di Pisa, Dipartimento Cardio Toracico, Pisa, Italy, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Pisa, Italy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
DDIS-27. COMBINED INHIBITION OF NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (NAMPT) AND POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE (PARP) IMPAIRS GLIOBLASTOMA CELL GROWTH
Authors: Lee Hwang, Yu-Ting Su, Michael Vogelbaum, Mark Gilbert, Jing Wu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Glioblastoma is aggressive with poor prognosis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is essential to maintain nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism during rapid proliferation and regulates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which is crucial for DNA repair. Targeting both NAMPT and PARP may represent a treatment strategy in glioblastoma. We hypothesize that the combined inhibition of NAMPT and PARP can induce synergistic cell death in tumor, while sparing significant cytotoxicity in normal astrocytes. NAMPT expression was determined in a group of six human glioblastoma cell lines and normal human astrocytes (NHA) by Western blotting. To analyze the cytotoxic effects of the treatments in tumor and normal cells, U251 and NHA cells were selected to receive FK866 (NAMPT inhibitor), Olaparib (PARP inhibitor), or both drugs for 72 hours prior to the cell viability test. Various levels of NAMPT expression were demonstrated in a group of glioblastoma cell lines and NHA, where U251 showed the strongest expression. We demonstrated a significant decrease of cell viability in U251 cells that were treated with FK866 in a dose-dependent manner. A 32% reduction of cell viability was demonstrated at a dose as low as 10 nM. However, a 28% reduction of cell viability was found in NHA at the EC50 concentration for U251 cells. When tumor cells were treated with a combination of FK866 and Olaparib at their EC50 concentrations (28nM and 406nM), 72% and 50% reductions of cell viability occurred in tumor cells and NHA, respectively. The combined treatment with FK866 and Olaparib enhances cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells compared to the single-agent therapy, representing a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the toxic effects on NHA are concerning and warrant further investigations to determine a precise therapeutic window in preclinical models before the treatment is considered for clinical trials.
STAPHYLOCOCCUS TOXOID
Authors: Theodore Cornbleet
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May we offer the following data to support the conclusions reached by Kindel and Costello in their study of staphylococcus toxoid in the treatment of pusular dermatoses (The Journal, April 21, p. 1287). We, too, have treated but a small number of patients, but our results, like theirs, were so definitely unsatisfactory that we feel impelled to record them, especially since commercially prepared toxoids are gaining wide use. Our patients were from the Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine. We treated about fifty patients, of whom only twenty-three received the minimum dosage recommended by Dolman. This group included twelve cases of pustular acne vulgaris, five of sycosis barbae coccygenica, four of furunculosis, one of pustular folliculitis of the scalp and one of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens). The toxoid material was prepared essentially according to the specifications outlined by
Systemic antibiotic therapy prevents bacterial infection in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: M BLAISE
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

This randomized prospective study was aimed at assessing the efficiency of a systemic antibiotic therapy for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage by ruptured esophageal varices. For 15 mo, all patients hospitalized with no infection on admission, were included in the study. Starting on admission day, patients in group A received ofloxacin (400 mg/day) for 10 days, first intravenously then orally. They also received an intravenous bolus of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (1 g) before each endoscopy performed during hemorrhage. Patients in group B received antibiotic therapy only in cases of established or suspected infection. Chest X-ray, blood culture, urine culture and sputum and ascitic fluid culture were performed every day for 7 days, then every other day for the next 7 days. A bronchial sampling was performed with the Wimberley technique on patients with endotracheal intubation. Ninety-one patients (55 men, 54 ± 11 years, 78% Child Pugh class C) were included in the study (46 in group A, 45 in group B). Group A showed a lower incidence of bacterial infections than group B (20% vs. 66%; p<0.001). Breakdown of positive bacteriological sampling was as follows: blood (6 vs. 17), ascites (3 vs. 7), lungs (2 vs. 18), urine (1 vs. 10). The 2-wk mortality rate was 24% in group A and 35% in group B. (Hepatology 1994;20:34-38.)
Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731). Curator of anatomical specimens
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Conditional survival of patients with metastatic testicular germ-cell tumors (MT-GCT) treated with first-line curative therapy.
Authors: Jenny J. Ko, Brandon David Bernard, Ben Tran, Haocheng Li, Tehmina Asif, Igor Stukalin, Margaret Lee, Daphne Day, Nimira S. Alimohamed, Christopher Sweeney, Philippe L. Bedard, Daniel Yick Chin Heng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

472 Background: The IGCCCG risk stratification prognosticates survival outcomes in metastatic testicular germ cell tumour (MT-GCT), but how the initial risk changes over time for those who survived since curative treatment (conditional survival) is unknown. We evaluated conditional survival in patients with MT-GCT who were eligible for first-line therapy. Methods: We included patients who were eligible for first-line therapy for MT- GCT at 5 tertiary cancer centres from 1990 to 2012. We assessed 2-year (Y) conditional overall (COS) and disease-free survival (CDFS) at a given timepoint, defined as the probability of surviving, or surviving and disease-free, respectively, for an additional 2Y at a given timepoint since the start of first-line treatment. Outcomes were stratified by IGCCCG risk criteria, pathology and age. Results: For all patients (n = 942, favourable 63%/intermediate 19%/poor 16%), median follow-up was 99 months (m) (IQR 56-141); 2YCOS increased from 92% (95% CI 91%–94%) at baseline to 98% (95% CI 97%–99%) at 24m, and 2Y CDFS increased from 83% (95% CI: 81%-86%) at baseline to 98% (95% CI 97%-99%) at 24m after diagnosis. 2YCOS changed little in the IGCCCG favourable and intermediate groups, but in the poor-risk group, improved from 71% (95% CI 64%–78%) at 0m to 93% (95% CI 89%-98%) at 24m. 2Y CDFS for favourable risk group improved significantly at 12m (91% baseline vs. 95% at 18m); intermediate, at 12m (84% baseline vs. 95% at 12m); poor, at 12 m (55% baseline vs. 85% at 12m). Baseline IGCCCG risk stratification was not associated with long-term COS or CDFS for patients who survived to &gt; 2Y post therapy. No significant differences in COS and CDFS were noted between seminoma and non-seminoma, while older patients ( &gt; = 40) had inferior 2Y COS from 0-18m but no differences were noted after 18m. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the concept of conditional survival applies to patients with MT-GCT treated with curative therapy. A poor-risk patient, after 2Y of survival, had the same probability of relapse and survival as a favourable/intermediate risk patient.
American Cancer Society National Conference—The Primary Care Physician and Cancer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article American Cancer Society National Conference—The Primary Care Physician and Cancer Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 4, April 1982, Page 695, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.4.695 Published: 01 April 1982
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Henry J. Heimlich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The AHA guidelines for CPR<sup>1</sup>recommend treatments for drowning victims that risk lives. The following quotes from the guidelines, page 2246, are in error. "... a Heimlich maneuver should be used only if the rescuer suspects that foreign matter is obstructing the airway or if the victim does not respond appropriately to mouth-to-mouth ventilation." That instruction was contradicted by a guidelines consultant, who, in a study, reported that bystander CPR is not associated with improved outcome in drowning.<sup>2</sup>No controlled scientific study proves that mouth-to-mouth ventilation increases survival, without first evacuating water from the airway. Yet, mouth-to-mouth ventilation has been the initial drowning treatment for 30 years. Patrick (reference 35, page 2250), using a planned protocol for clinical response to drowning, proved that water obstructing the airway of a near-drowning victim is expelled from the lungs by the Heimlich maneuver, enabling recovery.<sup>3,4</sup>Delay caused by prior mouth-to-mouth
Retraction of: TWIK-related two-pore domain potassium channel TREK-1 in carotid endothelium of normotensive and hypertensive mice
Authors: S. Pokojski, C. Busch, I. Grgic, M. Kacik, W. Salman, R. Preisig-Muller, W.-T. Heyken, J. Daut, J. Hoyer, R. Kohler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)
Suffocation Deaths Associated With Use of Infant Sleep Positioners—United States, 1997-2011
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Unintentional suffocation is the leading cause of injury death among children aged <1 year in the United States, accounting for nearly 1,000 infant deaths annually. Since 1984, an estimated fourfold increase has been observed in accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed, with many of these deaths linked to unsafe sleep environments. Infant sleep positioners (ISPs) are devices intended to keep an infant in a specific position while sleeping, yet ISPs have been reported to have been present in the sleep environment in some cases of unintentional infant suffocation. Some specific ISPs have been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the management of gastroesophageal reflux or plagiocephaly (asymmetry of the skull). However, many unapproved ISPs have been marketed to the general public with claims of preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), improving health, and enhancing sleep comfort. To characterize infant deaths associated with ISPs, FDA, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), and CDC examined information reported to CPSC about 13 infant deaths in the past 13 years associated with the use of ISPs. In this case series, all infants but one were aged ≤3 months, and most were placed on their sides to sleep. Many were found prone (i.e., lying on their abdomens). Accompanying medical issues included prematurity and intercurrent respiratory illnesses. When providing guidance for parents of newborns, health-care providers need to emphasize the importance of placing infants to sleep on their backs in a safe sleep environment. This includes reminders about the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations against side sleep position, ISPs and pillows, comforters, and other soft bedding.
Temperature and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: O. L Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1995)

explained on analytical grounds as lipid analyses performed in different laboratories give consistent results."3Also, the men in the present study served as an internal control.The influence of diet and parity cannot be excluded as major contributors to this phenomenon, but Gupta and colleagues do not provide good data on these points.The endocrine control of plasma high density lipoprotein choles- terol concentrations has been widely studied, and the effect of insulin resistance in this group may be important.4Gupta and colleagues' study adds weight to the increasing body of evidence that Asian women are at increased risk of coronary heart disease.We may expect an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the British Asian population in the next decade, and further studies are urgently required.
Editorial: Jam tomorrow?
Journal: BMJ (1975)

last year at the insistance of the patients to "Medecine Urogenital."The name genitourinary medicine has been approved by the Royal College of Physicians of London and the title of the adviser in venereology to the Department of Health and Social Security has been changed to adviser in genitourinary medicine.Already several teaching hospitals have adopted the name for their departments.At the Middlesex Hospital Medical School the academic board has approved a proposal that a chair in genitourinary medicine be established if funds to finance it can be found.As the specialty develops and its practitioners increase in number the use of the name will spread.The most important reason for its universal adoption in Britain is for the sake of the patients, and this consideration should have top priority in everybody's mind.It could do much to remove guilt, fear, stigma, and emotional distress from a large number of patients attending Britain's hospitals.
Archaeology
Authors: Sarath Reddy
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COSMIC MICROBES.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A comprehensive retention program for disadvantaged medical students
Authors: S. Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The Mt Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York has a retention program for disadvantaged medical students. The program has been functional for two years and was instituted because of multiple course failures among its disadvantaged students. The program consists of a summer enrichment unit and formal tutorials during the academic year. Our two-year experience demonstrates a complete reversal in the academic performance of these students. (<i>JAMA</i>228:861, 1974)
Response: Re: Adjuvant Treatment of High-Risk, Radically Resected Gastric Cancer Patients with 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Cisplatin, and Epidoxorubicin in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: S. Cascinu, M. Scartozzi, C. Barone, R. Labianca, A. Santoro, C. Carnaghi, G. D. Beretta, V. Catalano, S. Barni, L. Frontini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine in patients with <i>HER2</i> mutant lung cancers: Results from a phase II basket trial.
Authors: Bob T. Li, Ronglai Shen, Darren Buonocore, Zachary T. Olah, Ai Ni, Michelle S. Ginsberg, Gary Ulaner, Wolfgang Weber, Marc Ladanyi, Helen H. Won, Gregory J. Riely, David B. Solit, David Michael Hyman, Charles M. Rudin, Michael F. Berger, Maurizio Scaltriti, Jose Baselga, Mark G. Kris, Maria E. Arcila
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

8510 Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2, ERBB2) mutations occur in 2% of lung cancers, resulting in receptor dimerization and kinase activation with in vitro sensitivity to trastuzumab. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is a HER2 targeted antibody drug conjugate linking trastuzumab with the anti-microtubule agent emtansine. Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2 mutant lung cancers were enrolled into a cohort of the basket trial of ado-trastuzumab emtansine in HER2amplified or mutant cancers, treated at 3.6mg/kg IV every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) using RECIST v1.1. A Simon two stage optimal design was used with type I error rate under 2.7% (and a family wise error rate across baskets under 10%), power of 89%, H0 10%, H1 40%; the H0 will be rejected if 5 or more responses are observed in 18 pts. Other endpoints include duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicity. HER2 testing was performed on tumor tissue by next generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The cohort completed accrual with 18 pts treated. The median age was 63 (range 47-74 years), 72% were female, 39% were never smokers and all had adenocarcinomas. The median lines of prior systemic therapy was 2 (range 0-4). ORR was 33% (5/15 confirmed, 95% CI 12-62%) not including a partial response awaiting confirmation and 3 pts pending response evaluation. Median DOR was not reached (range 3 to 7+ mo), median PFS was 4mo (95% CI 3mo-not reached). Toxicities were mainly grade 1 or 2 including infusion reaction, thrombocytopenia and transaminitis, there were no dose reductions or treatment related deaths. There were 10 (56%) exon 20 insertions and 8 (44%) point mutations; responders were seen across mutation subtypes (A775_G776insYVMA, G776delinsVC, V659E, S310F). HER2amplification was negative for all pts by NGS and positive for 1 of 12 pts by FISH. There was no IHC3+ in 10 pts tested. Conclusions: Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is active and well tolerated in pts with HER2 mutant lung cancers. This study has met its primary endpoint. Further development in a multicenter study is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02675829.
Determination of gestational cocaine exposure by hair analysis
Authors: K. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Drug self-reports are often unreliable and standard blood and urine tests detect only recent cocaine use. Since cocaine is deposited in hair, we have applied a radioimmunoassay to hair extract to detect past cocaine use. Hair from 16 adult users was positive for benzoylecgonine, in the presence of negative findings from urine screening tests. Benzoylecgonine in admitted heavy users averaged 8775 ng/g of hair (range, 640 to 29 089 ng/g of hair), whereas in occasional users it averaged 624 ng/g of hair (range, 32 to 1210 ng/g of hair). Benzoylecgonine was not detected in hair of 21 adults who reported no use of cocaine ever and whose urine samples were negative for the metabolite. Neonatal hair from seven infants whose mothers were known cocaine users averaged 5430 ng of benzoylecgonine per gram of hair (range, 200 to 27500 ng/g of hair). Hair from two infants 2.5 and 3.5 months of age averaged 6050 ng of benzoylecgonine per gram of hair. However, values were negative for infants 1 year and older, corresponding to loss of fetal hair in the few months after birth. Because studies reporting reproductive risks of cocaine compare exposed and nonexposed groups, validation of drug-free status of control subjects is extremely important. Hair analysis may remedy the disadvantages of currently used methods and may identify intrauterine exposure to cocaine in babies when a maternal drug history is not available or of doubtful truthfulness. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3328-3330)