tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and blindness
Journal: BMJ (2004)

placebo gels were rubbed onto the skin in the same way as active treatments, we found that active treatments were significantly better than placebo.Creating double blind conditions in trials of counter irritants can be problematic as rubefacients irritate the skin whereas inactive placebos do not.Some studies allowed for this by removing the principle ingredient from the treatment, leaving a placebo vehicle containing some other potentially irritant ingredients.Although the number needed to treat for combined outcomes of trials of this type was greater (worse) than for trials with inactive placebo, the difference was not statistically significant and there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions.
Coronary perforations: Morphologic assessment by intravascular ultrasound Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, Neil J. Weissman, August D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman, John R. Laird, Jr., William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Stephen E. Epstein. Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, DC
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Prolactin
Authors: Andrew G. Frantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

PROLACTIN was discovered in 1928, as a lactogenic substance present in extracts of the pituitary gland of the cow. However, it is only since 1970 that this hormone has been definitely identified and measured in human blood. The long delay in its recognition as a human hormone came about because human growth hormone, unlike non-primate growth hormones, has strong intrinsic lactogenic potency, which obscured detection of the small amounts of prolactin present in human pituitary extracts. In 1970, by means of a sensitive bioassay, prolactin was shown to be present in human blood as a substance immunologically distinct from growth . . .
Estimated Prevalence of Compulsive Buying Behavior in the United States
Authors: Lorrin Koran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Compulsive buying (uncontrolled urges to buy, with resulting significant adverse consequences) has been estimated to affect from 1.8% to 16% of the adult U.S. population. To the authors’ knowledge, no study has used a large general population sample to estimate its prevalence. Method: The authors conducted a random sample, national household telephone survey in the spring and summer of 2004 and interviewed 2,513 adults. The interviews addressed buying attitudes and behaviors, their consequences, and the respondents’ financial and demographic data. The authors used a clinically validated screening instrument, the Compulsive Buying Scale, to classify respondents as either compulsive buyers or not. Results: The rate of response was 56.3%, which compares favorably with rates in federal national health surveys. The cooperation rate was 97.6%. Respondents included a higher percentage of women and people ages 55 and older than the U.S. adult population. The estimated point prevalence of compulsive buying among respondents was 5.8% (by gender: 6.0% for women, 5.5% for men). The gender-adjusted prevalence rate was 5.8%. Compared with other respondents, compulsive buyers were younger, and a greater proportion reported incomes under $50,000. They exhibited more maladaptive responses on most consumer behavior measures and were more than four times less likely to pay off credit card balances in full. Conclusions: A study using clinically valid interviews is needed to evaluate these results. The emotional and functional toll of compulsive buying and the frequency of comorbid psychiatric disorders suggests that studies of treatments and social interventions are warranted.
Criteria for selective screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women attending family planning clinics
Authors: H. H. Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Clinical and epidemiologic factors associated with<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infection were examined in women attending two family planning clinics in order to develop criteria for selective screening.<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>was isolated from the cervix of 98 (9.3%) of 1,059 women. Five demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were independently predictive of chlamydial infection by stepwise multivariate logistic-regression analysis: aged 24 years or less, intercourse with a new partner within the preceding two months, examination results showing purulent or mucopurulent cervical exudate, bleeding induced by swabbing the endocervical mucosa, and use of no contraception or a nonbarrier method. A screening program that tested women with two or more of these risk factors (65% of the total) would encompass all who had a 4.7% or greater predicted risk of chlamydial infection and would detect 90% of all infections. Selective screening of sexually active women for chlamydial infection is advocated as a necessary and cost-effective public health measure. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1730-1734)
Recent results from the study of West Bohemian uranium miners exposed to radon and its progeny
Authors: L Tomásek, S C Darby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A brief description is given of the study of West Bohemian uranium miners, and recent and ongoing efforts to improve the quality of the data are summarized.Three recent analyses of the data from the cohort have led to rather different estimates of the excess relative risk of mortality from lung cancer per working-level month.The reasons for these different estimates are described, and it is concluded that estimates of lung cancer risk are strongly influenced by the quality of the exposure estimates, especially by the omission of some exposures accumulated during employment at other uranium mines, following the closure of most of the shafts at the original two mines.The most recent analysis has shown that, in common with other cohorts of radon-exposed miners, the excess relative risk of lung cancer per working-level month is modified by age and time since expo- sure.An inverse effect of exposure rate was also demonstrated, but it affected only men at very high concentrations and appears to be related to the time pattern of exposure.In addition, the risk was found to differ between the two main mines, possibly due to the influence of arsenic in the dust of the mines.
A phase I trial of AEZS-108 in castration- and taxane-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Stephen V. Liu, Andrew V Schally, Tanya B. Dorff, Denice Tsao-Wei, Susan G. Groshen, Debra Hawes, Shigang Xiong, David I. Quinn, Yu-Chong Tai, Norman L. Block, Juergen Engel, Jacek K. Pinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15153 Background: The prognosis for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains suboptimal and targeted therapies should be explored. One potential target is the receptor for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), which is highly expressed on prostate cancer cells. AEZS-108 is an LHRH-cytotoxic hybrid whose rational design covalently couples an LHRH agonist and the cytotoxic doxorubicin. AEZS-108 exploits the presence of LHRH receptors to target delivery of the cytotoxic. We report the phase I trial of AEZS-108 in men with taxane-resistant CRPC. We also report correlative studies of a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture device that will provide enumeration of CTCs and results from AEZS-108 internalization studies that exploit the auto-fluorescence of doxorubicin in captured CTCs. Methods: This is a single-arm, dose-escalation phase I study in men with CRPC to confirm the dose established in a completed phase I trial in females. Eligibility criteria included adequate organ function and progression of disease despite prior therapy with an LHRH agonist and at least one taxane-based regimen. Patients were required to discontinue LHRH agonists to avoid receptor competition. Due to potential cardiotoxicity, patients with an ejection fraction &lt; 50% or prior exposure to doxorubicin or mitoxantrone were excluded. Pituitary function was closely monitored. Patients received AEZS-108 every 21 days for up to 6 cycles until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was safety. Results: Enrollment began in November 2010 and is ongoing. Currently, 13 patients have been enrolled. The first two planned dose levels had no dose-limiting toxicities observed. Two patients on the third dose level experienced a dose limiting toxicity. The second dose level has been reopened for expansion. There have been no cardiac or pituitary toxicities. At the time of submission, a decrease in PSA was noted in 6 of the 13 patients. Final results detailing safety, response and the suggested dose for the phase II portion will be reported. All correlative studies will also be reported. Conclusions: In general, AEZS-108 has been well tolerated. The phase II portion of the study will begin once the MTD is established.
Decline in Liver Neoplasms in Wild Brown Bullhead Catfish after Coking Plant Closes and Environmental PAHs Plummet
Authors: Paul C. Baumann, John C. Harshbarger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both sediment and brown bullhead catfish tissues from the Black River in Lorain County, Ohio, declined by 65% and 93%, respectively, between 1980 and 1982. Sediment PAHs declined an additional 99% by 1987, coincident with the closure of a coking facility in 1983. Contemporaneously, liver cancer in 3- to 4-year-old brown bullheads declined to about one-quarter the 1982 frequency (10% versus 39%) by 1987, while the percentage of livers without any proliferative lesions doubled (42% versus 20%). These changes were significant within age group. Our data affirm a cause-and-effect relationship between PAH exposure and liver cancer in wild fish. The data also support the efficacy of natural, unassisted remediation once the source of the pollution is eliminated.
Opening Address
Authors: Finn Askevold
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Dear colleagues and friendsIt is my privilege and pleasure to welcome you to this unique conference.Its uniqueness lies in the fact that there is no formal organizational body behind these European conferences.They are no longer exclusively European but have gained international acknowledgement.The 25th anniversary of these confer ences falls between this and the next one.They started out from a group of friends and colleagues working in the still vaguely defined field of psychosomatic medicine.Primarily they were from Holland and Great Britain, and they invited people from other European countries, whom they knew were working in the same field, to the first conference in London in 1955.Following the next two, in 1956 and 1957, they have been held biannually.Some of the originators are still with us, some have dropped out to psychi atry proper, and some are deceased.To our great pleasure new ones are coming.These conferences are never officially announced.Invitations are sent by per sonal letters and are spread by a halo-effect, and requests for application forms only increase as a sign of increasing interest.The goal of these conferences lies, in the main, to prompt interest in psy chosomatic research, to improve methodology, and to foster inter-professional communication -not only within the different medical specialities, but also with other health professionals and workers in the social sciences.As with all other far-reaching goals, and rightly so, it is nor achieved but this only stimulates our endeavors.This special conference -north of the polar circle -has chosen its location with the special purpose of exposing the participants to the living circumstances in the arctic region.This will be done not by personal experiences but by telling about the arctic winter, its storms, its snow, its darkness and cold, and about the life of the fishermen, the factory workers and miners in the climate within 23 degrees from the North Pole.
Effect of changes in maternal age, parity, and birth weight distribution on primary cesarean delivery rates
Authors: K. M. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the effect of maternal age on cesarean delivery risk and to quantify the impact of demographic changes since 1970 on primary cesarean delivery rates. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nonfederal short-stay hospitals in Washington State. <h3>Participants.</h3> —All women who delivered live singletons with linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data from 1987 through 1990. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Maternal age—, birth weight—, and parity-specific primary cesarean delivery rates, Mantel-Haenszel relative risk estimates for primary cesarean delivery by 5-year age category stratified by parity, and direct standardization of 1987 through 1990 primary cesarean rates to 1970 Washington State maternal age, birth weight, and parity distribution. <h3>Results.</h3> —Primary cesarean rates ranged from 3.2% for multiparous teenage women who delivered infants weighing 3500 g through 3999 g to 58.9% for primiparous women 40 years of age or older who delivered infants weighing 4000 g or more. After adjustment, the risk of cesarean delivery increased with each 5-year age increment among women 20 years of age or older. We estimated that if the maternal age, parity, and birth weight distribution from 1987 through 1990 were identical to what existed in 1970, Washington State's primary cesarean rate from 1987 through 1990 would have been 12.2%, compared with the observed rate of 14.8%. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The lower adjusted primary cesarean rate reflects the demographic changes in the childbearing population, which may be responsible for 18% of the 1987 through 1990 cesarean delivery rates. These findings suggest the importance of using maternal age—, birth weight—, and parity-specific primary cesarean delivery rates to compare populations and study temporal trends. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:443-447)
The occurrence of cytomegalovirus infections in childhood leukemia
Authors: A. Cangir
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Cytomegalic inclusion disease (CMID) presented the following clinical findings in three children with acute leukemia: persistent high temperature, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, rales, and terminal icterus. Pancytopenia was present in all including two children in leukemic remission. Roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia did not appear until the third week after the onset of symptoms. Abnormalities in liver function tests were late findings. Intranuclear inclusions were seen in urine sediments of two patients. In neither of these patients were intranuclear inclusions demonstrable in the sputa. Virus culture from urine was done in one of these patients and cytopathogenic changes characteristic of cytomegalovirus (CMV) were demonstrated. CMID was the cause of death in these three children, all of whom had received chemotherapy with agents known to have immunosuppressive properties.
Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts
Authors: Arnall Patz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In the review of the first edition of this manuscript forThe Journalin 1965, I predicted that Newell's textbook was destined to become a classic in ophthalmic literature. It is very reassuring, in light of this early appraisal, to observe the popularity of this text with the third edition now in print. Dr. J. T. Ernest has joined Dr. Newell as coauthor of this edition and brings further expertise in the field of retinal physiology and retinal diseases.
Phase II study of fixed dose-rate infusion of gemcitabine and UFT combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced bile duct cancer: Daegu Gyeoungbuk Oncology Group.
Authors: S. Bae, H. Ryoo, M. Kim, K. H. Lee, J. Kim, Y. Do, H. Song, Y. Chae, W. Lee, J. Baek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e14547 Background: This phase II study evaluated efficacy of fixed dose rate (FDR) infusion of gemcitabine (10 mg/m2/min) and UFT combination in chemo-naïve patients with advanced bile duct cancer. Methods: This was an open-label, single-arm, multicenter, phase II study with a Simon two-stage minimax design. Patients received the FDR gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 for 3 consecutive weeks and UFT 400 mg/m2 on days 1-21. The cycle was repeated every 28 days. The primary end point was Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-defined objective response rate. Secondary end points included clinical benefit response (CBR), safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Clinical characteristics including four single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes (RecQ1, RAD54L, XRCC1, ATM) were evaluated whether these influence the overall survival. Results: Between December 2006 and February 2008, fifty-one patients were enrolled, with a median age of 58 years. The majority of patients (76%) had intra-hepatic disease. Fourteen patients (27%) had a RECIST investigator- assessed, partial response (PR); disease control rate (PR + stable disease) was 55%. CBR was 14% among 37 evaluable patients. Hematologic toxicity was main grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events. Median PFS was 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.1 months). Median OS was 7.0 months (95% CI, 3.5 to 10.5 months). Intrahepatic disease, poor performance, and, XRCC1 R194W C/C type were predictive markers of poor overall survival. Conclusions: FDR gemcitabine and UFT demonstrated apparent activity in patients with advanced bile duct cancer. However, this activity did not translate to prolong survival. The location of disease, performance status, and, polymorphic variants of DNA repair genes may affect clinical outcome of patients with advanced bile duct cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Transplant
Authors: Dawn McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A case for time to tumor progression (TTP) as the primary (1<sup>o</sup>) efficacy endpoint in 1<sup>st</sup>-line metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) therapy: Correlation of TTP and overall survival (OS)
Authors: L. L. Miller, G. L. Elfring, G. Gruia, S. Hirawat, J. Y. Douillard, L. B. Saltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3503
Hypodermoclysis
Authors: R. J. Schen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While on his recent cardiology rotation, a senior medical student at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia was sent to copy 20 articles for himself and members of the house staff. Subsequently, he experienced pain and inflammation of the flexor tendons of the left fifth finger, which worsened with continued copying and "turning of the pages." He denied use of any medications but had a history of "Pac-man tenosynovitis." With rest, the inflammation resolved in four to five days. I would thus like to describe a new disease entity—"Torsade de Page."
Abstract B67: A mechanistic link between whole-chromosome aneuploidy and DNA damage
Authors: Karen Crasta, Luigi Nezi, Morgan Hennessy, Lisa Cameron, Yunfeng Pan, Dipanjan Chowdhury, David Pellman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Cancer is associated with aneuploidy—both structural defects in chromosomes and abnormal numbers of intact chromosomes. The contribution of chromosome breaks to tumorigenesis is well accepted because of the possibility of generating cancer-causing mutations. However, the role of alterations of intact chromosome numbers remains a subject of debate, principally because mechanisms by which whole chromosome aneuploidy would affect cancer pathogenesis are poorly understood. We now have evidence to support one mechanism by which whole chromosome aneuploidy can lead to DNA breaks, via mis-segregation of chromosomes into micronuclei, structures commonly observed in cancer cells. Micronuclei containing intact chromosomes can form after mitotic errors, when the nuclear envelope reforms around a lagging chromosome. We have developed procedures to monitor the fate of micronuclei. Strikingly, whole chromosome-containing micronuclei develop evidence of DNA breaks during the first S phase after they are formed. Blocking DNA replication blocks the formation of these breaks. Defective DNA replication may be due to defective nucleocytoplasmic transport because micronuclei display a marked defect in assembling nuclear pore complexes. These findings suggest one mechanism by which mitotic errors result in DNA damage and thus potentially promote tumorigenesis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B67.
Alteration of Na+ homeostasis as a critical step in the development of irreversible hepatocyte injury after adenosine triphosphate depletion*1
Authors: R CARINI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The exposure of isolated hepatocytes to the redox-cycling quinone menadione caused an early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, and decreased intracellular pH. These alterations were followed by an increase in intracellular Na+ and, ultimately, cell death. If HCO3− was omitted from the incubation buffer, or the hepatocytes were incubated in an acidic medium (pH 6.5) the accumulation of Na+ was markedly reduced. Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger and of the Na+/HC03− cotransporter by, respectively, amiloride and 4,4′-di-isothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) suppressed the initial Na+ influx but did not prevent subsequent Na+ accumulation, because amiloride and DIDS inhibited the Na+/K+ pump. The omission of HCO3− from the extracellular medium or the incubation in acidic conditions also prevented menadione toxicity, without interfering with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and with ATP depletion. A similar protection was evident when hepatocytes were incubated with menadione in a medium without Na+. The preservation of adequate levels of ATP by supplementing hepatocytes with fructose allowed the initial Na+ load to be recovered and provided partial protection against menadione toxicity. These effects were suppressed if Na+/K+-ATPase was inhibited with ouabain. Taken together, these results indicated that the activation of the Na+/HCO3− cotransporter and of the Na+/K+ exchanger in response to the decrease of intracellular pH stimulated an enhanced influx of Na+. When the activity of the Na+/K+ pump was not able to control Na+ levels because of ATP depletion, such an uncontrolled Na+ influx precipitated irreversible injury and caused hepatocyte death.