tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4 ) provokes intestinal genes in squamous oesophageal cells
Authors: B. J. Colleypriest, J. M. Farrant, J. M. Slack, D. Tosh
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barrett9s metaplasia, a precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, is characterised by a change of the distal squamous oesophagus to a columnar/intestinal phenotype. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the phenotypic change seen in Barrett9s metaplasia are not known. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a transcription factor originally identified in hepatoma cells, but with essential functions in gastrointestinal tract development and function. HNF4a is not normally found in squamous epithelium but is identified in Barrett9s metaplasia. The objectives of this research was to examine the utility of HNF4a in inducing a columnar/intestinal phenotypic change in squamous oesophageal epithelium following ectopic expression. <h3>Methods</h3> Ectopic HNF4a expression was induced in a mouse model of squamous epithelium using adenoviral vectors. The intestinal markers, cytokeratin 8 (K8), villin, trefoil factor 3, alkaline phosphatase and mucin2, along with the squamous epithelial proteins p63 and K14 were examined using immunohistochemistry or PCR following HNF4a expression. <h3>Results</h3> Three days of ectopic HNF4a is sufficient to provoke the expression of intestinal markers villin, trefoil factor 3 and K8 in squamous oesophageal cells. The expression of the squamous transcription factor p63 is down regulated following HNF4a expression. Interestingly ectopic HNF4a provokes the expression of E-cadherin in squamous oesophageal cells grown under low calcium conditions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> HNF4a is a new candidate factor for the induction of Barrett9s metaplasia. Ectopic expression is sufficient to provoke a change in the phenotype of squamous cells consistent to that seen in Barrett9s metaplasia. These experiments demonstrate for the first time the expression of columnar intestinal markers (K8, villin and trefoil factor 3) in squamous oesophageal cells following forced HNF4a induction. Understanding the molecular steps that regulate the induction of HNF4a in squamous epithelium will provide further insight to the early initiation of Barrett9s metaplasia and may provide therapeutic opportunities.
Heart Disease and Blood Pressure. A Practical Consideration of Theory and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TOC 3rd page
Authors: Linda Rasmussen, Klaus Phanareth, Hendrik Nolte, Vibeke Backer, Olivier Michel, Robert Murdoch, Alfred Bernard, Laura Fregonese, Fiona Swan, Annemarie Van Schadewijk, Marisa Dolhnikoff, Mario Santos, Mohamed Daha, Jan Stolk, Thomas Tschernig, Peter Sterk, Pieter Hiemstra, Klaus Rabe, Thais Mauad, Can Kocabas, Akif Yavuz, Peter Lipsky, Dean Metcalfe, Cem Akin, Ann Arbor, Carole Oskeritzian, Wei Zhao, Hae-Ki Min, Han-Zhang Xia, Andrea Pozez, Jonathan Kiev, Lawrence Schwartz, Deborah Meyers, Dirkje Postma, O Stine, Gerard Koppelman, Elizabeth Ampleford, Hajo Jongepier, Timothy Howard, Eugene Bleecker, The Netherlands, Yoshihiro Miyake, Satoshi Sasaki, Yukihiro Ohya, Shoichi Miyamoto, Ichiro Matsunaga, Toshiaki Yoshida, Yoshio Hirota, Hajime Oda, Maurizio Marogna, Igino Spadolini, Alessandro Massolo, Giorgio Canonica, Giovanni Passalacqua
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in marathon runners during a 20-day road race
Authors: R. H. Dressendorfer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and lipid levels were measured in 12 male marathon runners (mean age, 40 years) who ran an average of 28 km/day for ten days, rested 70 hours, then continued to run for eight more days, covering a total distance for both running periods of 500 km. Blood samples were obtained on eight mornings. After one week of running, HDL-cholesterol levels increased 18% and triglyceride levels decreased 22%. However, the three-day rest period reversed these changes. As running resumed, HDL-cholesterol levels again increased and triglyceride levels decreased. There were no significant changes in total cholesterol, body weight, or skinfold thickness despite an average caloric intake of 4,800 kcal/day. Heavy beer drinking had no discernible effect on HDL-cholesterol levels, but may have caused mild hepatic injury as suggested by significantly increased serum alanine transferase and γ-glutamyl transferase values. This study demonstrates that HDL-cholesterol levels increase with higher running mileage and decrease within days of stopping exercise when caloric and alcohol intake remain elevated. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1715-1717)
Statement on the "Heimlich Maneuver"
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recurrent Afebrile Flulike Symptoms
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Cold hypersensitivity.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Cold HypersensitivityEven if the doom-laden forecasts' of a return to ice-age con- ditions do not come true many people in countries with a temperate climate will continue to suffer from the effects of cold.Physiologically man is a tropical creature better suited to losing heat than retaining it.When naked and at rest his neutral environmental temperature is 280C (820F): with a drop of only 8°C his metabolic rate must double or he will suffer a lowering of body temperature.2In comparison the Arctic fox can maintain a steady thermal state in a temperature of -40°C and by doubling its metabolic rate could cope with a temperature of -1200C.As the lowest temperature recorded on earth is about -700C it has nothing to fear from its environment.Man's main response to cold, putting on clothes, is no reflex adaptation but requires a conscious decision.Where the ability to make or carry out that decision is impaired there is a risk of cold-induced damage.Frostbite-localized tissue necrosis resulting from freezing-is largely a problem of abnormal exposure to cold,3 but accidental hypothermia is an ever present threat to the elderly.4In neither condition is there a defect in the body's response to cold, but there are people who react abnormally, either because of an isolated idiosyn- cracy or as an additional twist from the dagger of a pre- existing disease.Chilblains spoil the winter games of many inadequately clad children, yet others seem resistant.The familial tendency may
Medical Education Programs Sponsored by Government Agencies
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HEALTH APPRAISAL
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Increased Body Mass Index Correlates with Higher Risk of Disease Relapse and Differentiation Syndrome in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated with Aida Protocols
Authors: Massimo Breccia, Luca Mazzarella, Giuseppina Loglisci, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Davide Disalvatore, Roberto Latagliata, Anna Maria Testi, Giuseppe Cimino, Giuseppe Avvisati, Maria Concetta Petti, Pier Guiseppe Pelicci, Robin Foá, Francesco Lo Coco
Journal: Blood (2011)
Solid-Tumor Mortality in the Vicinity of Uranium Cycle Facilities and Nuclear Power Plants in Spain
Authors: Gonzalo López-Abente, Nuria Aragonés, Marina Pollán
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

To ascertain solid tumor mortality in towns near Spain's four nuclear power plants and four nuclear fuel facilities from 1975 to 1993, we conducted a mortality study based on 12,245 cancer deaths in 283 towns situated within a 30-km radius of the above installations. As nonexposed areas, we used 275 towns lying within a 50- to 100-km radius of each installation, matched by population size and sociodemographic characteristics (income level, proportion of active population engaged in farming, proportion of unemployed, percentage of illiteracy, and province). Using log-linear models, we examined relative risk for each area and trends in risk with increasing proximity to an installation. The results reveal a pattern of solid-tumor mortality in the vicinity of uranium cycle facilities, basically characterized by excess lung [relative risk (RR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.25] and renal cancer mortality (RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.07-1.76). Besides the effects of natural radiation, these results could well be evincing the influence on public health exerted by the environmental impact of mining. No such well-defined pattern appeared in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. Monitoring of cancer incidence and mortality is recommended in areas surrounding nuclear fuel facilities and nuclear power plants, and more specific studies are called for in areas adjacent to installations that have been fully operational for longer periods. In this regard, it is important to use dosimetric information in all future studies.
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 7(9) September 2010
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

This month PLoS Medicine publishes a Debate that offers three unique perspectives on this question: Sofia Gruskin and Zyde Raad from the Harvard School of Public Health say more assessment is needed of such responsibilities; Geralyn Ritter, Vice President of Global Public Policy and Corporate Responsibility at Merck & Co. argues that multiple stakeholders could do more to help States deliver the right to health; and Paul Hunt and Rajat Khosla introduce Mr. Hunt's work as the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to the highest attainable standard of health (2002-2008), regarding the human rights responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies and access to medicines. In their accompanying Editorial, the PLoS Medicine Editors argue that drug companies should be held much more accountable for their human rights responsibilities. Image Credit: cosmo flash (at flickr.com)
Cumulative risk for a false-positive test using low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening
Authors: J. M. Croswell, S. G. Baker, P. M. Marcus, J. D. Clapp, B. S. Kramer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA1502 Background: Screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been promoted as the best hope for curing lung cancer. However, cumulative false-positive (FP) rates have never been formally reported. We quantified the cumulative risk of receiving ≥1 FP test for individuals in a lung cancer screening program with 2 annual screens. Methods: Prior to the ongoing National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a definitive randomized controlled trial of LDCT versus single-view chest xray (CXR), a randomized controlled feasibility trial was conducted at six NLST centers. Participants (55–74 years at entry, current or former smokers, and ≥ 30 pack/year smoking history) were offered a baseline LDCT (N = 1,610) or CXR (N = 1,580), and one repeat annual screen, and were followed for 1 year after their final screen. Participants who received at least one screening exam were eligible for this analysis. Exclusion criteria included chest CT in the past 24 months or history of lung cancer. A positive screen was any noncalcified nodule ≥ 4mm or other radiographic finding deemed suspicious for cancer. A FP was a positive screen with: 1) a completed negative work-up, or 2) ≥ 12 months follow-up with no cancer diagnosis. Results: Using a Kaplan-Meier analysis, an individual's cumulative probability of ≥ 1 FP LDCT was 21% (95% CI, 19%–23%) after one screen and 33% (95% CI, 30%–35%) after two. The cumulative probability of ≥ 1 FP CXR was 9% (95% CI, 8%–11%) and 15% (95% CI, 13%–16%) after one and two screens, respectively. On multivariable analysis, higher odds of FP for LDCT were associated with increased participant age (&gt;64 years) (OR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.04–1.73); current versus former smoker status trended toward higher FP odds (OR 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95–1.56). 6.6% of participants with a FP LDCT underwent an invasive diagnostic follow-up procedure; 1.6% had major surgery. 4.2% of participants with a FP CXR underwent an invasive diagnostic follow-up procedure; 1.9% had major surgery. Conclusions: Risks of LDCT FP are substantial after only two annual examinations; the potential resulting economic, psychosocial, and physical burdens of this modality warrant investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Books Received
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Iodine Supply and the Incidence of Endemic Goiter.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
moral heuristics
Authors: cass r. sunstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

With respect to questions of fact, people use heuristics--mental short-cuts, or rules of thumb, that generally work well, but that also lead to systematic errors. People use moral heuristics too--moral short-cuts, or rules of thumb, that lead to mistaken and even absurd moral judgments. These judgments are highly relevant not only to morality, but to law and politics as well. examples are given from a number of domains, including risk regulation, punishment, reproduction and sexuality, and the act/omission distinction. in all of these contexts, rapid, intuitive judgments make a great deal of sense, but sometimes produce moral mistakes that are replicated in law and policy. One implication is that moral assessments ought not to be made by appealing to intuitions about exotic cases and problems; those intuitions are particularly unlikely to be reliable. Another implication is that some deeply held moral judgments are unsound if they are products of moral heuristics. The idea of error-prone heuristics is especially controversial in the moral domain, where agreement on the correct answer may be hard to elicit; but in many contexts, heuristics are at work and they do real damage. Moral framing effects, including those in the context of obligations to future generations, are also discussed.
Managing pulmonary embolism
Journal: BMJ (2003)

depressant. 18Under normal circumstances, the interpenetration of industry and academe can be fruitful, as talent and ideas wash back and forth.Yet when drugs start earning the kind of money usually associated with the oil industry, there is potential for trouble. ConclusionsWe believe that the failure to advance the treatment of anxiety and depression is related to wrong classification.If you don't have natural disease categories, you can't develop drugs for them.If the Food and Drug Administration will accept only drugs that are effective for DSM diagnoses, and if the diagnoses are artefacts, the drugs are bound to be less valuable, even if in the short term they increase their market share.Companies must start developing drugs for mixed anxiety and depression and forget about dividing this giant illness segment into salami slices.Doctors could encourage this change by being more cynical about pitches from drug representatives claiming to have "the latest" in anxiolytic medication.Ask instead for the latest in nervousness. 19 Contributors and sources: ES has carried out research on historical aspects of psychiatry over many years, wherever possible studying documents that are key to the making of decisions by policy makers and psychiatric bodies.Most recently, he has worked in the archives of the US Food And Drug Administration and the American Psychiatric Association.PT has carried out clinical trials into the drug and psychological treatment of anxiety and depression since 1969 and has been involved in field trials for the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).Competing interests: PT has received support from the Mental Health Foundation to evaluate the outcome of anxiety and depressive disorders.