tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE FUTURE OF CHIROPRACTIC
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dermatomyositis, myocardial involvement, and carcinoid syndrome
Authors: D. Yang
Journal: JAMA (1978)

DERMATOMYOSITIS and polymyositis are diffuse inflammatory disorders of skeletal muscles that cause weakness of proximal muscle groups. When skin changes occur in addition to muscle involvement, the term "dermatomyositis" is used. Although general reference texts state that the heart can be involved in polymyositis and dermatomyositis, only six cases of myocardial involvement have been reported. Four of these six patients had well-documented pathologic changes in the myocardium.<sup>1-4</sup>Our patient had dermatomyositis with severe, diffuse myocarditis and a malignant carcinoid tumor. Malignant tumors are frequently found in patients with dermatomysitis and polymyositis, but to our knowledge, no previous cases have been reported in association with the carcinoid syndrome. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man began to experience difficulty climbing stairs and had a diffuse, erythematous rash eight years before admission. Biopsy specimens of the skin and of the deltoid and quadriceps femoris muscles showed chronic inflammation, necrosis of muscle
"Sic"-ness in False "Conclusions."
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Halothane
Authors: H. R. Marrett
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Estimating the complex relationship between fitness and genotype or phenotype (i.e. the adaptive landscape) is one of the central goals of evolutionary biology. However, adaptive walks connecting genotypes to organismal fitness, speciation, and novel ecological niches are still poorly understood and processes for surmounting fitness valleys remain controversial. One outstanding system for addressing these connections is a recent adaptive radiation of ecologically and morphologically novel pupfishes (a generalist, molluscivore, and scale-eater) endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We leveraged whole-genome sequencing of 139 hybrids from two independent field fitness experiments to identify the genomic basis of fitness, estimate genotypic fitness networks, and measure the accessibility of adaptive walks on the fitness landscape. We identified 132 SNPs that were significantly associated with fitness in field enclosures. Six out of the 13 regions most strongly associated with fitness contained differentially expressed genes and fixed SNPs between trophic specialists; one gene (<i>mettl21e</i>) was also misexpressed in lab-reared hybrids, suggesting a potential intrinsic genetic incompatibility. We then constructed genotypic fitness networks from adaptive alleles and show that scale-eating specialists are the most isolated of the three species on these networks. Intriguingly, introgressed and <i>de novo</i> variants reduced fitness landscape ruggedness as compared to standing variation, increasing the accessibility of genotypic fitness paths from generalist to specialists. Our results suggest that adaptive introgression and <i>de novo</i> mutations alter the shape of the fitness landscape, providing key connections in adaptive walks circumventing fitness valleys and triggering the evolution of novelty during adaptive radiation.
Ethical dilemmas in the care of the ill. II. What is the patient's good?
Authors: L. R. Kass
Journal: JAMA (1980)

IN REFLECTING on the nature of the medical vocation, we have come via a somewhat labyrinthine path to a not very startling assertion: the doctor, by teaching and technique, through patient understanding and astute judgment, promotes the patient's good. Our third perplexity follows directly: What is the patient's good? More precisely, of the many things that are good for the patient, which is it the physician's business to promote? We are no longer asking about medicine's foreign or domestic relations, but about its very constitution: What is the purpose of medicine? This is, in a way, a strange question to be asking, since most of the time physicians can go about unreflectively doing their proper business, tacitly if silently clear about the nature and limits of the purposes of medicine. But because new technological powers permit physicians to serve multiple ends, and because much of medical practice is so fragmented
Fatalities associated with Campylobacter jejuni infections
Authors: G. S. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Although<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>is now recognized as a common cause of gastroenteritis, fatalities associated with this infection in the United States have not been previously reported. Two fatalities associated with<i>C jejuni</i>infections occurred over a two-year period in the Denver metropolitan area. The first case was in a previously healthy 26-year-old woman who died following a two-day diarrheal illness. The second case was in a 69-year-old diabetic woman who died 19 hours after developing a gastrointestinal tract illness one day following hospital discharge for an orthopedic procedure. Both patients had taken an antimotility agent. During this same two-year period there were 24.4 reported cases of<i>C jejuni</i>infections per 100,000 population. The death rate per reported case was 2.4 per 1,000, and the overall death rate in the entire five-county population was 0.059 per 100,000 population. The exact causes of death for the two patients are not clear; however, hypokalemia may be a contributing factor, especially since there was no evidence of profound volume depletion in the one patient for whom laboratory data were available. Prompt hospitalization and withholding of antimotility agents may have prevented these deaths. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2873-2875)
Gene expression of the antioxidants heme-binding 23KDA protein (HBP23) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are regulated with a similar regulatory pattern in hepatocyte cultures by heme and heavy metals *Institut F�r Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Gaffkystr. 11 35392 Giessen, Germany; *Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A novel enzyme catalyzing the phosphorylation of d-tagatose to d-tagatose 6-phosphate with ATP has been identified in extracts of dulcitol-grown Mycobacterium butyricum. The enzyme was purified 100-fold with 29% recovery. It required Mg2+, Mn2+ or Fe2+ and showed maximum activity at pH 7.5. The molecular weight as determined by Sephadex G-100 filtration amounted to 63 000. The apparent Michaelis constants for d-tagatose and ATP were 0.8 and 1.0 mM, respectively. Apart from tagatose, none of 14 common sugars including fructose and sorbose served as a substrate. The enzyme preparations were not very sensitive to SH group inhibitors and heavy metals but rapidly lost activity on heating above 50°C.
Lyme Anxiety
Authors: Gregory M. Caputo
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A patient was recently referred for evaluation of "Lyme disease unresponsive to therapy." This 55-year-old man first developed intermittent "bandlike" headaches 6 months prior to my evaluation. He also reported myalgia, low-grade fever, and generalized weakness, which resolved within several days. There was no history of a tick bite, rash, or travel to areas known to have a high incidence of Lyme disease. However, he had read that Lyme disease could cause similar symptoms and requested a blood test for antibodies against<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>. Though this test was negative, he persuaded his physician to administer a course of doxycycline. He later noted recurrence of the headaches and underwent intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone, again for Lyme disease. By the time of my evaluation, he had undergone two more courses of parenteral therapy and two more of oral antibiotics prescribed by several different physicians because of recurrent headaches. Two
Cytokine stimulation of nitric oxide formation and differential regulation in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells of endotoxemic rats
Authors: J Spitzer
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Some disease processes in which increased endotoxin and cytokine levels exist (e.g., sepsis and infantile diarrhea) are also associated with increased levels of blood nitrates, the stable and products of nitric oxide. Available evidence suggests that the effects of an endotoxic environment, with its attendant complex cytokine networks, on liver function are mediated in part by modulation of hepatic nitric oxide synthesis. This hypothesis was tested by means of studying nitric oxide formation and its regulation in liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells of rats that had been continuously infused with endotoxin for 30 hr. Hepatocytes of such rats responded to in vitro stimulation for 20 hr by single cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1ß and interferon-γ with enhanced nitric oxide formation. In combination, interferon-γ and endotoxin had greater synergistic effect on hepatocytes than did tumor necrosis factor and endotoxin. Kupffer cells of these endotoxic rats responded to 20 hr of interferon-γ stimulation with the same enhanced nitric oxide formation we documented previously for endotoxin. Potentiation of the effect, through combination of endotoxin and interferon-γ, was not as marked as it was with hepatocytes. Challenge of Kupffer cells with tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1ß evoked no response. Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of time-matched, saline solution-treated rats were unresponsive to endotoxin or cytokine stimulation. Small quantities of nitric oxide were produced by endothelial cells spontaneously; this production was somewhat enhanced in cells of the endotoxin-infused rats by a 20-hr in vitro endotoxin challenge. Studies with inhibitors suggest that enhanced nitric oxide formation by endotoxic hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in response to in vitro endotoxin stimulation is differentially regulated. Our findings indicate modulation of nitric oxide generation by cytokines in vitro in various liver cell types of endotoxic rats. A similar scenario may exist in vivo because of the prevailing inflammatory response to endotoxin administration. (Hepatology 1994;19:217–228).
THE VITA PROPRIA OF HUMAN CELLS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply:
Authors: Montgomery D. Bissell
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

am certain that the entire scientific community worldwide would wholeheartedly agree with his condemnation of the September 11 incident, this is hardly the forum for such a discourse.How is the Journal's role affected by this?This is a Journal devoted to dissemination of scientific studies on liver disease.He says that during his stint as Editor, the Journal received papers from about 40 countries.The US Census Bureau, on its Web site, lists some 227 countries.Yet it is the contribution of the dozen or so Arab countries of the Middle East that attract his particular concern.European countries such as Norway, Finland, Belgium, Greece, and Portugal, to mention but a few, are also, by his criteria, nonparticipants in HEPATOLOGY-not countries in obvious political crisis-yet still apparently unable to submit manuscripts to HEPATOL-OGY.These have been spared the scathing criticism meted out to the Arab countries.Why?The population of the entire Arab world is less than 300 million and that of the (political rather than strictly geographic) Arab Middle East is approximately 176 million, a little under 3% of the world's population as estimated by the US Census Bureau-not 30% as wrongly stated.Of nations singled out as being "aligned against the developed world," Saudi Arabia, Jordan, the Gulf Emirates, and Pakistan have in fact been, for several decades, the staunchest allies of the United States.Palestine, also included as one of the countries failing to submit manuscripts to HEPATOLOGY, is yet to attain nationhood.A visit to the Emirates may be instructive in regard to the notion of "nations in political crisis."HEPATOLOGY has established an enviable reputation as the leading journal in its specialty.Reputation carries with it moral obligations to uphold standards of excellence and fairness.Its readers and contributors have endowed HEPA-TOLOGY with that duty.An outgoing editorial should be more properly concerned with the valuable contribution of the Journal in highlighting advances in hepatology during the last quinquennium.Dr. Bissell contends that the impact of science transcends politics and religion-yet his words, if anything, actually persuade otherwise.Are we in such a sorry state that a medical editorial cannot be written without recourse to expression of unnecessarily inflammatory (and factually incorrect) views, which moreover have little relevance to liver disease?Should not a medical journal be about medicine?Discussion of medical ethics may take us into the political arena, but this is not even about that.Surely the patients whose hopes we carry and the organizations that finance medical research, deserve better than this.
PWE-027 HALO radiofrequency ablation for squamous high grade dysplasia and early squamous cell carcinoma: outcomes form the UK HALO radiofrequency ablation registry
Authors: R J Haidry, J Dunn, M Banks, A Gupta, M A Butt, H Smart, P Bhandari, L-A Smith, R Willert, G Fullarton, M Di Pietro, I Penman, M Novelli, L B Lovat
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Squamous Cell Cancer (SCC) of the oesophagus has a poor prognosis with 5-year survival at 10%. Squamous high grade dysplasia (HGD) is the precursor lesion to SCC. Risk of progression to SCC with Squamous HGD can be 65% at 5 years. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive ablation technique with proven efficacy for early neoplasia in Barrett9s Oesophagus. <h3>Methods</h3> Prospective multicenter registry of patients undergoing RFA for Squamous HGD and early carcinoma in situ (CIS) from eight UK centers. Nodular lesions were removed by endoscopic mucosal resection before RFA. Treatment consisted of a single ablation at 12 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Patients were followed-up 3 monthly and repeat biopsies taken. Those with residual dysplasia underwent RFA 3 months later until 12 months where they were assessed for treatment success or failure. <h3>Results</h3> 25 patients have undergone ablation for squamous HGD/CIS. We report on 17 patients to have completed protocol. Mean length of dysplastic epithelium ablated was 5 cm (1–14). Mean time to protocol completion was 8.7 months. CR-HGD was seen in 59% of patients and CR-D in 47% at end of protocol biopsy with mean of 1.4 RFA treatments (1–3). All those with successful outcomes remain free of dysplasia at most recent biopsy, median follow-up 10.6 months (2–36) from first treatment. At protocol completion, six of 17 patients (35%) had progressed to invasive cancer and referred for surgery or chemo-radiotherapy. Three patients (18%) required dilatations for oesophageal structuring after first treatment. Two of these patients have required serial dilatations thereafter with an average of four dilatations per patient. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Squamous HGD and CIS are very aggressive pathologies as evidenced by the fact a third of patients progressed to invasive disease despite RFA. The role of RFA in these patients remains unclear. In our series 47% of patients responded to RFA &amp; have reassuringly remained free of dysplasia at last follow-up. These figures are lower than limited published data to date but in our series an emphasis was placed on restaging carefully after each treatment to assess for progression. As our experience grows with confidence in identifying these lesions more accurately and increasing the frequency and number of ablations administered over the protocol period, dysplasia reversal rates will be expected to increase. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Susceptibility and Population Health Branch
Authors: Gwen Collman, Kimberly Gray, Elizabeth Maull, Kimberly Mcallister, Shobha Srinivasan, Fred Tyson, Steve Mccaw, Les Reinlib, Liam O'fallon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The Susceptibility and Population Health Branch (SPHB) plans and administers extramural programs that study the complex interplay of all factors in the environment.The overarching theme of susceptibility, broadly determined by genetic, behavioral, and sociocultural factors, is present in all SPHB programs.The hallmark of the SPHB is the creation of unique research programs that brings together diverse groups of people-scientists of many disciplines, community and advocacy members, and health care professionals-to work on research that translates basic science into effects on human populations and unique interventions to protect public health.The program areas of science education and community outreach are represented, as well, in order to disseminate scientific research to the public.Involving and informing the general public is key to the success of the SPHB programs.The SPHB manages a variety of center programs, including the NIEHS Core Centers, along with other projects in a number of subject areas:• NIEHS Core Centers-These centers provide infrastructural support to universities in order to promote multidisciplinary research and outreach in the environmental health sciences.• Environmental Genome Project-This project comprises discovery and resequencing of singlenucleotide polymorphisms, the Comparative Mouse Genomics Centers Consortium, and programs in molecular epidemiology and bioethics.• Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research-These centers explore topics such as asthma, autism, learning, growth, and development.• Environmental justice/community-based participatory research-This program area covers issues particular to subgroups of the population who may be disproportionately exposed, who may be disadvantaged, or who may experience disparities in disease prevalence.• Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Centers-These centers conduct research on development of the mammary gland across the life span and effects of environmental exposures that may impact development.• Centers for Oceans and Human Health-These centers conduct research in marine sciences that will lead to improved public health.
Campylobacter Enteritis
Authors: BRIAN J. MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Campylobacter EnteritisBRIAN J. MURRAY, M.D.BRIAN J. MURRAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1029_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent multicenter study by Blaser and associates and The Collaborative Diarrheal Disease Study Group (1) of campylobacter enteritis led to findings confirmed by data on patients of college age in our student health service. In a 6-month period, over 200 patients with acute diarrhea were seen. All patients were asked to submit a fresh stool specimen, which was evaluated on wet mount exam for the presence of fecal leukocytes.Of the 200 specimens evaluated, 113 showed some degree of fecal leukocytosis. Our own experience has indicated a very low yield for isolation of enteric pathogens in...References1. BLASERWELLSFELDMANPOLLARDALLEN MJRRJ. Campylobacter enteritis in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:360-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BUTZLERSKIRROW MM. Campylobacter enteritis. Clin Gastroenterol. 1979;8:737-65. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BLASERRELLER ML. Campylobacter enteritis. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:1444-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PAISLEYMIRRETTLAUERROERELLER JSBML. Dark-field microscopy of human feces for the presumptive diagnosis of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni enteritis. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;15:61-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEarly treatment of Campylobacter jejuni enteritisEvaluation and diagnosis of acute infectious diarrheaCampylobacter jejuni infections on college campuses: a national survey.Campylobacter Enteritis in College StudentsCampylobacter on CampusesANDREW A. VERNON, M.D., RAY N. JARVIS, P.A.-C., JAMES F. MORGAN, M.D., MIRIAM G. ROGERS, M.D. 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1029-1030KeywordsAcute diarrheaCampylobacterDiarrheaDysenteryEnteritisLeukocytosisMedical servicesPathogens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...