tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cumulative risk for a false-positive test using low-dose computed tomography in lung cancer screening
Authors: J. M. Croswell, S. G. Baker, P. M. Marcus, J. D. Clapp, B. S. Kramer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA1502 Background: Screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been promoted as the best hope for curing lung cancer. However, cumulative false-positive (FP) rates have never been formally reported. We quantified the cumulative risk of receiving ≥1 FP test for individuals in a lung cancer screening program with 2 annual screens. Methods: Prior to the ongoing National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a definitive randomized controlled trial of LDCT versus single-view chest xray (CXR), a randomized controlled feasibility trial was conducted at six NLST centers. Participants (55–74 years at entry, current or former smokers, and ≥ 30 pack/year smoking history) were offered a baseline LDCT (N = 1,610) or CXR (N = 1,580), and one repeat annual screen, and were followed for 1 year after their final screen. Participants who received at least one screening exam were eligible for this analysis. Exclusion criteria included chest CT in the past 24 months or history of lung cancer. A positive screen was any noncalcified nodule ≥ 4mm or other radiographic finding deemed suspicious for cancer. A FP was a positive screen with: 1) a completed negative work-up, or 2) ≥ 12 months follow-up with no cancer diagnosis. Results: Using a Kaplan-Meier analysis, an individual's cumulative probability of ≥ 1 FP LDCT was 21% (95% CI, 19%–23%) after one screen and 33% (95% CI, 30%–35%) after two. The cumulative probability of ≥ 1 FP CXR was 9% (95% CI, 8%–11%) and 15% (95% CI, 13%–16%) after one and two screens, respectively. On multivariable analysis, higher odds of FP for LDCT were associated with increased participant age (>64 years) (OR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.04–1.73); current versus former smoker status trended toward higher FP odds (OR 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95–1.56). 6.6% of participants with a FP LDCT underwent an invasive diagnostic follow-up procedure; 1.6% had major surgery. 4.2% of participants with a FP CXR underwent an invasive diagnostic follow-up procedure; 1.9% had major surgery. Conclusions: Risks of LDCT FP are substantial after only two annual examinations; the potential resulting economic, psychosocial, and physical burdens of this modality warrant investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Enterovenous fistulization in Crohn's disease
Authors: L. Reiner
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A case of Crohn's disease was complicated by enterovenous fistulization (ileum to superior mesenteric vein) with septic manifestations. The fistulization was diagnosed by the observation of gas in the liver and by the opacification of mesenteric veins following a barium meal. (<i>JAMA</i>239:130-132, 1978)
Acta Paediatrica, Stockholm
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Senile Osteoporosis of the Spinal Column
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Collagen biosynthesis.
Authors: J A Last, K M Reiser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Collagen is the major structural protein of the lung. At least five genetically distinct collagen types have been identified in lung tissue. However, the precise role of collagen in nonrespiratory lung function is not well understood, in part because of the difficulties inherent in studying lung collagen, regardless of the type of assay used. A major problem is the insolubility of lung collagen; generally less than 20% of total lung collagen can be solubilized as intact chains, even with harsh extraction procedures. Since such collagen may not be representative of total lung collagen, errors in quantitating collagen types, for example, may arise from using such material. Measurement of total lung collagen content may also pose problems, unless appropriate parameters of normalization are chosen. Biopsy dry weight, protein content, and DNA content, for example, may all change in certain disease states. Despite these difficulties, a number of changes in lung collagen have been documented in experimental pulmonary fibrosis, including increased collagen content, increased collagen synthesis rates, and changes in collagen type ratios. Many questions remain. For example, why do diverse toxic substances appear to cause essentially the same fibrotic response, even though initial sites of damage may vary? Conversely, why do similar toxic substances, such as ozone and NO2, cause diverse responses (fibrosis and emphysema, respectively)? Much work remains to be done to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the lung's choice of response.
A Correction to the Research Article Titled: “A Molecular Signature Predictive of Indolent Prostate Cancer” by S. Irshad, M. Bansal, M. Castillo-Martin, T. Zheng, A. Aytes, S. Wenske, C. Le Magnen, P. Guarnieri, P. Sumazin, M. C. Benson, M. M. Shen, A. Califano, C. Abate-Shen
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)
Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Kenneth W. Warren, Richard B. Cattell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

Postoperative PancreatitisPostoperative pancreatitis is a bizarre and unpredictable disease. An increasing number of articles on this problem are now appearing in the literature. We56 57 58 have reported from time to time upon this catastrophic complication, and recently, Cattell, Warren and Prezioso59 once more reviewed the experience with postoperative pancreatitis at the Lahey Clinic. Schmeiden and Sebening60 pointed out conclusively that this complication occurred most frequently after gastric surgery and then, in turn, after biliary surgery and splenectomy. Millbourn61 attempted to categorize the etiologic factors and believed that his own material represented a broad etiologic pattern. Dunphy, Brooks and Achroyd62 experienced . . .
Conventional and High-Dose Radiation in Treating Early Prostate Cancer—Reply
Authors: James A. Talcott
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STRAMONIUM POISONING
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rose bengal I-131 liver scan. An aid in the differential diagnosis of jaundice
Authors: W. R. Eyler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This exhibit was prepared to show how the hepatic photoscan using rose bengal I 131 may supply precise and unique data in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. The hepatic photoscan localizes discrete lesions causing jaundice, such as abscess, hepatoma, and metastases.<sup>1</sup>The technique pictorially indicates the size, number, and location of lesions by anterior and lateral views. The pattern of the scan indicates the parenchymal cells as the site of the abnormality in acute hepatitis and may suggest it in cirrhosis. Good uptake of the tagged material by the liver of jaundiced patients indicates good parenchymal function. If the standard cholecystogram and the cholangiogram after intravenous administration of radiopaque substance fail to demonstrate the gallbladder and the common duct in patients with jaundice due to extrahepatic obstruction, the photoscan may delineate the dilated gallbladder or duct system. Demonstration of the isotope in the gallbladder without its concomitant or later
Hepatitis B Vaccination of Adolescents— California, Louisiana, and Oregon, 1992-1994
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Although hepatitis B vaccine has been available in the United States since 1982, acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a public health problem. The comprehensive national strategy to prevent HBV transmission includes hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents, particularly in communities with high rates of injecting-drug use, teenage pregnancy, and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, vaccination of adolescents may be difficult because of their lack of routine health-care visits. This report describes hepatitis B vaccination programs for adolescents and preadolescents in schools and other settings in California, Louisiana, and Oregon during 1992-1994.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in women
Authors: C. B. Wofsy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Guinan and Hardy<sup>1</sup>describe the epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women. They report that, as of early November 1986, women accounted for 6.7% of all AIDS cases. Fifty-one percent of the affected women are black and 20% are Hispanic; 52% are intravenous (IV) drug users, and 21% became infected through sexual contact with infected men; 67% of these men were IV drug users. Seventy-nine percent of women with AIDS are 13 to 39 years of age and within their childbearing years. This is of special concern as regards AIDS in children; 80% of pediatric AIDS cases can be traced to mothers who are infected.<sup>2</sup> How can we use this information to prevent further infection in women and children and to anticipate treatment needs? To begin, accurate information about AIDS transmission and prevention must be focused on the women at
A prospective immunofluorescence study of 111 cases of pruritic dermatoses of pregnancy: IgM anti-basement membrane zone antibodies as a novel finding
Authors: A. ZURN, C.R. CELEBI, P. BERNARD, L. DIDIERJEAN, J.-H. SAURAT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Since 1981, all pregnant women presenting to our department with a pruritic dermatosis have been investigated by histological and immunopathological techniques. We recruited 111 patients and performed skin histology in 77. 109 direct immunofluorescence tests (DIF), 74 indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIF) and 15 Western blots (WB). We identified: (i) five typical cases of pemphigoid gestationis (PG) (4·5%), corresponding to an incidence of 1/7000 pregnancies, (ii) Five cases without PG but showing circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type. With the exception of one case, clinical features were homogeneous-occurrence of erythematous papular and/or urticarial lesions on the trunk, and less often, on the limbs between the 32nd and 38th week of pregnancy. Rapid clearance of lesions within a few days was the rule. Whenever performed, DIF was negative and IIF showed circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type. Western blot studies were negative in these five cases, (iii) One hundred and one cases with negative immunofluorescence tests, considered to be suffering from polymorphic eruption of pregnancy. Our results show the value of systematic immunopathological investigations in pregnant women presenting with a pruritic dermatosis, and raise the possibility of a new entity, as defined by circulating anti-BMZ antibodies of IgM type.
For Richard, Read Ricardo
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In This Issue
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Mitochondrial Fusion in Drosophila Hearts (p 12)Fusion of mitochondria is essential for function in cardiac myocytes, report Dorn et al.Mitochondria periodically get together to exchange their contents.They do this by fusing both their inner and outer membranes under the control of particular membrane-bound proteins.The role of mitochondrial fusion in cardiomyocytes, where mitochondria make up a whopping 30% of the total volume, is not yet known.To investigate this, Dorn et al used RNAi to knock down the expression of two mitochondrial membrane-bound fusion regulators in the cardiac cells of flies.They found that loss of either protein led to defective fusion events-mitochondria were more heterogeneous in morphology and were, on average, approximately 30% smaller than in wildtype cells.Furthermore, the heart tube itself was dilated and displayed impaired contractility, suggesting that mitochondrial fusion is required for normal heart cell function.The defects could be prevented by excess superoxide dismutase, however.Because this enzyme removes reactive oxygen species, the authors conclude that free radicals are the damaging byproducts of the defective fusion events.In conclusion, proper mitochondrial fusion appears to be essential for preventing dilated cardiomyopathy in flies and, thus, perhaps in humans, too.
Carcinoid Syndrome Originating in Bronchial Adenoma
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pure red cell aplasia and lymphoma
Authors: H. W. Carloss
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE ASSOCIATION of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) with thymoma<sup>1</sup>is well known. The disease also may be associated with a variety of other conditions, including paraproteinemia.<sup>1-4</sup>However, its association with lymphomas occurs infrequently. We have found only one report of PRCA in the course of histiocytic lymphoma.<sup>5</sup> The rarity of this association is intriguing because autoimmunity is now believed to play a part in the pathogenesis of PRCA, and the incidence of autoimmune phenomena in the course of lymphoproliferative disorders has been documented.<sup>6</sup> We describe a case of PRCA that occurred a few months after the diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 27-year-old previously healthy woman complained of chest pain and progressive dyspnea. One month before admission she noted bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, fever, and weight loss. Examination showed splenomegaly, ascites, and right pleural effusion confirmed by roentgenogram. Thoracentesis yielded 950
CHEMISTRY OF AMYLOID.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Before the era of aseptic surgery, amyloid disease was one of the commonest conditions met with by hospital physicians and surgeons, but now that chronic suppuration has become rare, the frequency of amyloid has been greatly diminished. Still, one sees it occasionally, especially in old syphilitic cases, or in connection with advanced tuberculosis; the clinician recognizes the enlarged liver and spleen, and looks for the characteristic pale urine with its large amount of albumin; the pathologist, even more frequently, demonstrates the presence of amyloid at autopsy, finding the waxy liver and the sago spleen, or, in sections, using the iodin reaction or the methyl-violet test. Since its discovery by Virchow, amyloid has been an ever-interesting puzzle to medical men, and there have been many speculations as to its origin and nature. On account of the iodin reaction which it yields, Virchow was inclined to regard it as a carbohydrate. looking
'Black box' medical information systems. A technology needing assessment
Authors: L. I. Iezzoni
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In a decade characterized by lessening regulation of other industries, the health services sector is increasingly scrutinized from all directions—from payers, purchasers, and patients. The rationale for this is evident from the annual litany of soaring health care costs and nagging doubts about the necessity and quality of many medical services. However, some efforts to rectify these worrisome trends through increasing information about the costs, appropriateness, quality, and hence "value" of health services have taken an ironic twist. They rely on information products about which very little information is known: the redoubtable "black box." In common parlance, a black box is "any unknown system, especially one considered solely in terms of input and output, without an understanding of its workings."1 In the health care sector, the term can apply to a variety of systems, such as those whose inputs are facts about patient demographics, diagnoses, symptoms, histories, physical examinations, laboratory
Reply
Authors: J. P Ibbotson
Journal: Gut (1993)

We hope that the open access endoscopy service together with the feedback of information will enhance their skill at dealing with these problems.We have already shown that this takes a lot of the burden off the specialist clinics so there is more time to spend with patients with additional complications.A reduction in gastroscopies is not neces- sarily a cost effective measure.We are looking at a wide range of outcome measures from the open access endoscopy service.The value of a negative endoscopy is rated highly by general practitioners and also by many patients.A wider view must be taken and factors such as the pressure on time in clinic, waiting times for clinic, numbers of visits to the general practitioner, and inappropriate treatments should all be considered.We already have some data suggesting that general practitioners do treat patients appropriately after open access endoscopy and we have identified appropriate changes in treatment.Patients may have a natural tendency to prefer assessment in a hospital specialist clinic.This could apply to a variety of problems such as headaches or skin problems.The Darlington study on patient preference quoted in the letter was not a comparison with open access endo- scopy.We understand that the patients were asked if they liked to be seen in a hospital clinic as well as having a gastroscopy.It does not follow that referral for secondary health care is a necessary or efficient use of resources.