tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Border hopping as a consequence of premarital HIV screening: the Kenosha diamond
Authors: E. A. Belongia
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> On Jan 1, 1988, the State of Illinois began requiring evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing in all persons applying for a marriage license. Although the law does not prohibit HIV-infected individuals from getting married, it does require documentation of testing. Individuals can go to any physician or clinic for testing. At the completion of testing the physician must disclose the results to the tested person and his or her prospective spouse. If the test result is positive, disclosure to both partners must occur in person. If the test result is negative, the prospective spouse may be informed of the result by telephone or letter. The physician completes a marriage certification form stating that both parties have been informed of the test result. This form is then presented to the county clerk at the time the marriage license is issued. Premarital HIV testing has been
The changing indications for excretory urography
Authors: R. Kumar
Journal: JAMA (1985)

EXCRETORY urography (EU) is considered the first and foremost radiological procedure in the evaluation of the urinary tract. However, with experience and the emergence of newer imaging modalities, the role of EU needs reevaluation in the diagnostic studies of patients in many clinical situations. Numerous reports have appeared in the literature detailing the low yield of EU in certain clinical settings. Despite repeated condemnation of routine EU in conditions where its role is questionable, no decrease in the overall numbers of this procedure has been observed; teaching hospitals may be an exception. Approximately 4 million excretory urograms are performed in this country every year, with a total cost of over a half billion dollars.<sup>1</sup>Most of these examinations are accomplished in physicians' offices and nonteaching hospitals. Whether excretory urograms really are indicated in so large a group of patients is questionable and controversial. Escalating medical costs make it imperative
Behavioral and Neurological Toxicity of Polybrominated Biphenyls in Rats and Mice
Authors: Hugh A. Tilson, Patrick A. Cabe, Clifford L. Mitchell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Male, albino rats of the F-344/N strain and mice of the B6C3F1 strain were dosed by gavage, 5 days per week for a toal of 22 doses with 0.03--30 mg/kg of FireMaster FF-1, 0.168-16.8 Mg/kg of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl (HBB), or corn oil vehicle. A battery of tests was administered at the end of repeated dosing (30 day examination) and 30 days after dosing ceased (60 day test). FF-1 and, to a much lesser extent, HBB decreased body weight and performance on a variety of tests designed to detect neuromuscular dysfunction. Included in these tests were activity in the open field, forelimb grip strength, and muscular reflexes. Visual placement responses were also decreased in some animals, while hypothermia was observed in others. Emotionally, as measured by the number of defecations and urinations in the open field, was not affected by exposure to either compound. At the end of 30 day test, mice were less affected by exposure to these polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) than rats; rats tended to worsen during the 30 days of no dosing, while mice tended to improve. These experiments indicate that oral dosing with levels of PBBs below those required to produce signs of acute toxicity produced behavioral or neurological toxicity when given repeatedly.
A phase IB study of the combination of selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) and cyclosporin A (CsA) in patients with advanced solid tumors with an expansion cohort in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Anuradha Krishnamurthy, A. Dasari, Anne M. Noonan, Janice M. Mehnert, Albert C. Lockhart, Mark N. Stein, Hanna Kelly Sanoff, James J. Lee, Aaron Richard Hansen, Usha Malhotra, Sarah Rippke, Sarah Lindsey Davis, Wells A. Messersmith, S. Gail Eckhardt, Christopher Hanyoung Lieu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2587 Background: MEK inhibition is of interest in cancer drug development. However, better strategies are needed to overcome acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors. Preclinical studies have shown Wnt pathway overexpression in KRAS mutant cell lines resistant to the MEK inhibitor, selumetinib. The combination of selumetinib and cyclosporin A (CsA), a non-canonical Wnt pathway modulator, demonstrated antitumor activity in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We conducted an NCI CTEP-approved Phase I/IB trial (NCI # 9571/COMIRB # 13-2628/NCT02188264) of selumetinib and CsA combination. Biomarkers of response are being co-developed. Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with the combination of selumetinib and CsA in dose escalation followed by an expansion cohort in patients with irinotecan and oxaliplatin-refractory mCRC (n = 20). The expansion cohort utilized a selumetinib “run-in” to evaluate efficacy in RAS-WT and RAS-MT mCRC to identify those patients most likely to respond to the combination. Results: As of January 2017, 18 patients were enrolled in the dose escalation phase and 20 patients were enrolled in the dose expansion phase. The most common adverse events and grade 3/4 toxicities were rash, hypertension, and edema. Three DLTs - Grade 3 hypertension, rash and increased creatinine were reported. The maximum tolerated dose was identified as selumetinib 75 mg BID and CsA 2 mg/kg BID on a 28-day cycle. The selumetinib “run-in” did not favor a specific RAS type. Two partial responses were noted. Sixteen patients had stable disease, and 6 patients had progression of disease as their best response to therapy. Conclusions: Selumetinib in combination with cyclosporin A appears to be well tolerated with evidence of activity in mCRC. Tumor response data are currently being updated. FZD will be evaluated as a potential biomarker of response. Clinical trial information: NCT02188264.
The Relationship between Blood Lead, Blood Pressure, Stroke, and Heart Attacks in Middle-Aged British Men
Authors: S. J. Pocock, A. G. Shaper, D. Ashby, H. T. Delves, B. E. Clayton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The relationship between blood lead concentration and blood pressure is examined in a survey of 7371 men aged 40 to 59 from 24 British towns. After allowance for relevant confounding variables, including town of residence and alcohol consumption, there exists a very weak but statistically significant positive association between blood lead and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These cross-sectional data indicate that an estimated mean increase of 1.45 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure occurs for every doubling of blood lead concentration with a 95% confidence interval of 0.47 to 2.43 mm Hg. After 6 years of follow-up, 316 of these men had major ischemic heart disease, and 66 had a stroke. After allowance for the confounding effects of cigarette smoking and town of residence there is no evidence that blood lead is a risk factor for these cardiovascular events. However, as the blood lead-blood pressure association is so weak, it is unlikely that any consequent association between lead and cardiovascular disease could be demonstrated from prospective epidemiological studies. An overview of data from this and other large epidemiological surveys provides reasonably consistent evidence on lead and blood pressure. While NHANES II data on 2254 U.S. men indicate a slightly stronger association between blood lead and systolic blood pressure, data from two Welsh studies on over 2000 men did not show a statistically significant association. However, the overlapping confidence limits for all these studies suggest that there may be a weak positive statistical association whereby systolic blood pressure is increased by about 1 mm Hg for every doubling of blood lead concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A GOOD LEGISLATIVE RECORD IN MASSACHUSETTS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Label Error in Figure
Authors: Jeffrey Hergenrather, Stephen Robinson, Fred Gardner, Humayun Chaudhry
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Ann Marie Navar, MD, PhD; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH; Daniel Wojdyla, MS; Robert J. Sanchez, PhD; Allan D. Sniderman, MD; Ralph B. D’Agostino Sr, PhD; Michael J. Pencina, PhD
Increased resistance to acute respiratory acidosis in isolated cardiac muscle following chronic hypoxia-induced hypertrophy
Authors: E. Neville, N.T. Bateman, J.P.T. Ward
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Hypertrophied myocardium is more sensitive to ischaemic dysfunction and damage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of respiratory acidosis on cardiac muscle function following hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy, and to ascertain the role of Na+-H+ antiporter, which is known to be associated with cell growth. Wistar rats were maintained at 10% O2 for 1 or 4 weeks. Experiments were performed on right ventricular papillary muscles stimulated at 1 Hz, and developed tension was recorded. The effect of respiratory acidosis was examined by equilibrating the perfusing solution with increasing levels of CO2, and the role of the Na+-H+ antiporter was determined by preincubation with the inhibitor 5-(N,N-hexamethylene) amiloride (HMA). Data were analysed by comparison of the slope of the semi-log plot of normalised tension against pH. Right ventricular hypertrophy was apparent after both 1 and 4 weeks of hypoxia. Respiratory acidosis reduced developed force in preparations from all groups, but the relationship between log tension and pH in the 4-week hypoxia group was less steep than in controls (4-week hypoxia 0.736 (0.057); control 0.947 (0.067); P < 0.01). In the 1-week hypoxia group however the relationship was steeper (1.243 (0.090); P < 0.01). HMA increased the slope in all groups, and under these conditions the control and 4-week hypoxia groups were not significantly different (control 1.134 (0.080); 4-week hypoxic 1.083 (0.087); P > 0.05). The increased resistance to respiratory acidosis of hypertrophied cardiac muscle following 4 weeks of hypoxia was abolished by HMA. This implies that it is related to increased activity of the Na+-H+ antiporter. The mechanism underlying the decreased resistance to acidosis following 1 week of hypoxia is unclear, but is unlikely to involve the Na+-H+ antiporter.
YELLOW FEVER AND ITS TRANSMISSION.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prostate cancer
Authors: K. E. Britton, V. U. Chengazi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Cancer of the prostate is the most common cancer in men, and third after lung and colorectal carcinoma in order of cancer-related deaths. Its frequency and incidence are both increasing, as they are age-related. Prostate cancer may be discovered accidentally, for example, during digital rectal examination or following symptoms of bladder dysfunction. In 20% of cases, transurethral prostatectomy may reveal malignancy within the excised tissue. The primary cancer may be undetected with the patient presenting as a consequence of bone metastases.
The teaching nursing home. One approach
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ALTHOUGH the teaching nursing home concept has received wide dissemination since publication of an article by Butler,<sup>1</sup>a number of teaching nursing homes already exist in one form or another throughout the country. Some of these programs were shaped from limited resources through innovative thinking and personal energy. As often occurs in academic spheres, however, planned programs are not initiated until funding becomes available. In this article we present one medical school's attempt, by using existing resources, to incorporate fully a nursing home into a geriatric teaching program. The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) is a private, free-standing medical school located in Milwaukee. Milwaukee is an industrial city with a population of almost 700,000,14% of whom are older than 60 years. The Medical College has no single university teaching hospital in which to train its 800 undergraduate students and more than 500 house staff but relies on a group
Meiotic Aneuploidy: Its Origins and Induction Following Chemical Treatment in Sordaria brevicollis
Authors: D. J. Bond, Lynn McMillan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A system suitable for the detection of meiotic aneuploidy is described in which various different origins of the aneuploidy can be distinguished. Aneuploid meiotic products are detected as black disomic spores held in asci containing all the products of a single meiosis. Aneuploidy may result from nondisjunction or from a meiosis in which an extra replica of one of the chromosomes has been generated in some other way, e.g., extra replication. By using this system it has been shown that pFPA treatment increase aneuploidy, primarily through an effect on nondisjunction. Preliminary results with trifluralin have indicated that this compound, too, may increase aneuploidy. There is a good possibility that the system can be further developed to permit a more rapid screening using a random plating method; this will allow a more efficient two-part analysis of the effects of compounds under test.
DEHYDRATION IN EPILEPSY
Authors: Joseph L. Fetterman
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Fay's communication (The Journal, May 6, p. 1450) apropos of the article "Dehydration in Epilepsy" (Fetterman, J. L., and Kumin, H. J.:The Journal, April 1, p. 1005) constitutes a splendid restatement of the concept which he has ably developed. In it, however, "dehydration" is relegated to a position as an adjunct in the treatment, whereas, in earlier writings, dehydration is the essential therapeutic measure based on "the mechanical theory of epilepsy." The aim of treatment is to improve cerebral circulation. Yet if it could be shown that there was a significant improvement in cerebral circulation, would it benefit a sensitive area in the cortex due to a congenital defect, scarred by birth trauma, or affected by encephalitis in infancy? Or would such improved circulation alter, in idiopathic cases, the factor of sensibility to convulsions, which, though intangible, is the vital factor in epilepsy? The improvement
Aortic Cartilage Production by Intramural Carrageenin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ulcers and Gastritis
Authors: M P Dore, D Y Graham
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Significant advances continue to be made in the area of gastritis and ulcer disease. Studies to identify the most appropriate use of capsule endoscopy have now confirmed that it is superior to other methods for identifying small-bowel mucosal pathology and sites of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. It has increasingly been recognized that the complications of ulcer disease are secondary to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and to interactions between NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori. Effective prophylaxis for NSAID ulcers in H. pylori-negative individuals continues to be a challenge, as it has become clear that conclusions from studies focusing on "endoscopic ulcers" in patients whose H. pylori status was unknown provided a false sense of security. The concept of multifocal atrophic gastritis has been challenged. The precursor lesion to gastric cancer now appears to be a sheet of pseudopyloric metaplasia advancing into the gastric body with islands of intestinal metaplasia embedded within it. Multifactorial models such as those proposed for understanding periodontal disease, including the organism, environmental factors, and host factors, appear particularly applicable to understanding the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
Xanthoma and Other Dyslipoidoses
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Automobile-related injuries
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved criteria for admission to cardiac care units
Authors: R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Patients requiring specialized cardiac care unit interventions (CCUIs) were identified from 414 consecutive admissions with known or suspected myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac care unit interventions included administration of lidocaine hydrochloride, atropine sulfate, sodium nitroprusside, or vasopressors; Swan-Ganz or arterial catheterization; insertion of temporary pacemaker; and electroshock. Almost all interventions occurred in a high-risk group that had one or more of three findings: (1) ongoing chest pain, (2) pulmonary rales, or (3) one or more ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) on 12-lead ECG. Of 306 high-risk patients, 41% received at least one CCUI, and 4% died in the CCU. In contrast, of the 108 low-risk patients with none of the three criteria, only 6% received any CCUI, and none died in the CCU. This study suggests that patients who do not have ongoing pain, congestive heart failure, or VPCs when first evaluated have a very low risk of early complications and may not require intensive care. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2037-2041)
Autopsy findings in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: K. Welch
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The medical records, premortem biopsy specimens, and autopsy materials from 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. The majority of the patients were homosexual men. Widely metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in eight patients, while tumor was confined to the skin in an additional ten. Four patients had high-grade lymphomas. Thirty-five of the 36 patients had at least one opportunistic infection at some point in the course of their illness. Many patients had multiple infectious agents. The most consistent and striking autopsy finding was a severe depletion of lymphoid tissues. Death in the majority (83%) of the patients was attributable to opportunistic infections affecting most commonly the respiratory tract (64%) and meninges (11%). Three patients (9%) died with widely metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma and secondary hemorrhage. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1152-1159)