tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Recurrent Breast Cancer Using Metabolite Profiling
Authors: Vincent M. Asiago, Leiddy Z. Alvarado, Narasimhamurthy Shanaiah, G.A. Nagana Gowda, Kwadwo Owusu-Sarfo, Robert A. Ballas, Daniel Raftery
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We report on the development of a monitoring test for recurrent breast cancer, using metabolite-profiling methods. Using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) methods, we analyzed the metabolite profiles of 257 retrospective serial serum samples from 56 previously diagnosed and surgically treated breast cancer patients. One hundred sixteen of the serial samples were from 20 patients with recurrent breast cancer, and 141 samples were from 36 patients with no clinical evidence of the disease during ∼6 years of sample collection. NMR and GC×GC-MS data were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods to compare identified metabolite signals between the recurrence samples and those with no evidence of disease. Eleven metabolite markers (seven from NMR and four from GC×GC-MS) were shortlisted from an analysis of all patient samples by using logistic regression and 5-fold cross-validation. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model built using these markers with leave-one-out cross-validation provided a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 84% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.88). Strikingly, 55% of the patients could be correctly predicted to have recurrence 13 months (on average) before the recurrence was clinically diagnosed, representing a large improvement over the current breast cancer–monitoring assay CA 27.29. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to develop and prevalidate a prediction model for early detection of recurrent breast cancer based on metabolic profiles. In particular, the combination of two advanced analytical methods, NMR and MS, provides a powerful approach for the early detection of recurrent breast cancer. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8309–18. ©2010 AACR.
Carcinomas of the renal medulla: A comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) study.
Authors: Gennady Bratslavsky, Joseph Jacob, Oleg Shapiro, Julia Andrea Elvin, Jo-Anne Vergilio, James Suh, Shakti H. Ramkissoon, Sugganth Daniel, Eric Allan Severson, Jonathan Keith Killian, Siraj Mahamed Ali, Jon Chung, Alexa Betzig Schrock, Vincent A. Miller, Dimitra Bourboulia, Mehdi Mollapour, Alina Basnet, Laurie M. Gay, Jeffrey S. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e16586 Background: Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) and renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) represent rare tumors that arise in the renal medulla. They are therapy resistant tumors that progress rapidly. Methods: DNA was extracted from 40 microns of FFPE specimen from refractory CDC (46 cases) and RMC (24 cases). CGP was performed using a hybrid-capture, adaptor ligation-based next-generation sequencing assay to a mean coverage depth of > 800X. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined on 1.1 Mbp of sequenced DNA and microsatellite instability (MSI) was determined by principal components analysis of optimal homopolymer loci. Results: CDC patients were older and more frequently male (Table). Sickle cell trait was identified in both CDC and RMC, but far more frequently associated with RMC. All (100%) CDC and RMC were clinically advanced Stage III and IV tumors, with the primary tumor used for CGP in 70% of cases and a metastasis biopsy in 30%. All (100%) CDC and RMC were intermediate (Grade 3) or high grade (Grade 4). In both tumor types, the GA/tumor was low ( < 2 GA/tumor) and there were no (0%) VHL GA. SMARCB1 GA were significantly more frequent in RMC than CDC, but common in both tumors. Therapies targeting kinases (EGFR, RET) or the MTOR (NF2, TSC2) pathway were more frequent in CDC than RMC. At 1.8 mut/Mb, the median TMB was low for both tumor types, with no cases showing ≥20 mut/Mb. None of the CDC or RMC cases featured MSI-high status. Conclusions: In addition to their histologic differences, the frequencies and types of GA seen in CDC differ significantly from what is seen in RMC. The opportunities for biomarker driven targeted therapies for both CDC and RMC appear limited, with rare opportunities to target tyrosine kinases or the MTOR pathway in CDC. Similarly, the relatively low TMB and absence of MSI-High status in CDC and RMC predicts that these tumors may be resistant to immunotherapies. GA CDC (46 cases) RMC (24 Cases) Significance Median age (years) 55 29 P < 0.0001 Gender 70% male 46% male NS Sickle trait status when known 10% 100% P < 0.0001 Mean GA per tumor 1.6 1.8 NS VHL 0% 0% NS SMARCB1 19% 67% P = 0.0002 NF2 14% 8% NS FBXW7 8% 8% NS CDKN2A 8% 12% NS EGFR 5% 0% NS RET 5% 0% NS TP53 5% 17% NS TSC2 3% 0% NS TMB > 10; > 20 5%; 0% 0%; 0% NS
CONSERVATION OF MAN POWER IN CONNECTICUT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PHARMACISTS IN THE ARMY HOSPITAL CORPS.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex is a major determinant of CYP3A4 expression in human liver
Authors: Renzo Wolbold, Kathrin Klein, Oliver Burk, Andreas K Nüssler, Peter Neuhaus, Michel Eichelbaum, Matthias Schwab, Ulrich M Zanger
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Many drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4, the major human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP), show higher clearance in women than in men. Although this effect is believed to be related to drug metabolism, the underlying cause has not been elucidated. We investigated CYP3A4 in a large collection (n = 94) of well-characterized surgical liver samples and found 2-fold higher CYP3A4 levels in female compared with male samples (P <.0001) and a corresponding 50% increase in the CYP3A-dependent N-dealkylation of verapamil (P <.01). This expression difference was not due to preferential induction in women following higher drug exposure because it was even larger in a subgroup not previously exposed to drugs. Higher expression in women was also found for CYP3A4 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, suggesting a pretranslational mechanism. Expression of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is crucially involved in CYP3A4 induction by xenobiotics, was strongly correlated to CYP3A4 at the mRNA level in all individuals as well as in the subgroup not exposed to drugs (r = 0.81; P <.0001), but no sex-dependent expression of PXR mRNA was found. The ABC transporter P-glycoprotein, which has been proposed to be implicated in the mechanism of sex-dependent drug clearance, was also not differentially expressed. The influence of drug treatment on expression was examined from patient drug histories, and strong induction of CYP3A4 by carbamazepine and St. John's wort was found. In conclusion, sex, in addition to PXR and drug exposure, is a major factor for CYP3A4 expression in humans, thus explaining many of the previous observations of sex-dependent drug clearance.
Poliomyelitis Prevention
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Recent data have indicated that 38% of 1- to 4-year-old children have not had primary vaccination against poliomyelitis. To ensure continuing freedom from poliomyelitis, all children should be immunized, beginning in infancy. The primary poliovirus vaccines in use today are the trivalent oral polio vaccine, which is the vaccine of choice for primary vaccination of children in the United States, and inactivated polio vaccine. Prospective vaccinees should be made aware of the reasons why recommendations are made for specific vaccines at particular ages and under certain circumstances.
Office Urology
Authors: Joseph H. Kiefer
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The professed purpose of the book is to make available to the physician who practices urology, up-to-date information on office practice and procedures. In this it succeeds, and many of the articles contain the distilled wisdom of years of practice by outstanding clinicians. But it contains also much material so elementary that the casual reader opening it might think that it was directed to junior medical students just starting their first service in a urologic outpatient clinic. On the other hand, most urologists would consider a number of the procedures described as entirely inappropriate for office practice and would restrict these to hospital use. The multiple authorship has brought together in a single volume the thoughts of many outstanding men. But this has drawbacks, too, for it leads to repetition and overlapping. Several subjects are discussed in more than one place. A good index helps overcome this disadvantage, but some
Transgenic Mice
Authors: CHARLES BABINET
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

Abstract. Stable integration into the mouse genome of exogenous genetic information, i.e., the creation of transgenic mice, has become a privileged way of analyzing gene function in normal development and pathology. Both gene addition and gene replacement may be performed. This has allowed, in particular, the creation of mice in which precise mutations are introduced into a given gene. Furthermore, in recent years, strategies that induce the expression of a mutation in a given type of cell and/or at a given time in development have been developed. Thus, the transgenic methodology affords a unique and irreplaceable tool for the study of mammalian development and biology and for the creation of animal models for human genetic diseases.
Unexplained hematuria. How extensive should the evaluation be?
Authors: G. V. Burkholder
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Twenty-five of 237 cases of hematuria were classified as unexplained. The patients with this condition were subjected to a battery of 24 laboratory tests, intravenous pyelography, cystourethroscopy, infusion nephrotomography, arteriography, and renal biopsy. Additional diagnostic information was uncovered for 14 patients. Glomerular disease was the probable source of bleeding in ten. Hematuria was cited as secondary to sickle cell trait disease in three. An unusual renal arteriovenous fistula was the cause of bleeding in one patient. Three patients had hyperuricemia. Excretory urography and cystourethroscopy must always be done but nephrotomography, arteriography, and renal biopsy do not have sufficient diagnostic return to warrant routine use in patients with unexplained hematuria. The clinician must weigh (1) the severity of the bleeding, (2) the likelihood of recovery of significant information, and (3) the possibility of serious complications of the tests when he decides whether to employ them in his evaluation.
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression
Authors: Philip W. Gold, Frederick K. Goodwin, George P. Chrousos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THROUGHOUT most of recorded history, literary and clinical descriptions of depression have adhered to a rigid separation between mental processes and their physical substrates. This impediment to scientific inquiry held sway until Spinoza argued forcefully against the dualism of mind and body and Darwin helped to explain the purposefulness of the living organism in terms of natural selection rather than divine intention.1 In this century, Freud's deromanticizing of the psyche2 and Kraepelin's accurate descriptions of the major psychoses3 set the stage for contemporary efforts to understand mental disorders.We now know that major depression is a heritable, recurrent, syndromal illness. . . .
Human Rabies—Alberta, Canada, 2007
Journal: JAMA (2008)

On April 26, 2007, a patient from Alberta, Canada, died after 9 weeks in an intensive care unit (ICU) from encephalitis caused by a rabies virus variant associated with silver-haired bats. This report summarizes the clinical course of disease in that patient, who was treated using the Milwaukee Protocol, an experimental treatment protocol similar to one used for the rabies survivor described in 2005. This report also describes the subsequent epidemiologic investigations by three regional public health departments in Alberta. Rabies continues to be a cause of human death in the developed and developing world. The findings in this report underscore the need for continued public education that promotes rabies prevention and postexposure prophylaxis while emphasizing the importance of bat exposure in rabies transmission.
Spin immunoassay of opiate narcotics in urine and saliva
Authors: R. Leute
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Free-radical technology can be combined with immunoassay to yield an entirely new system for detection and assay of small molecules in biologic fluids. The method, called "spin immunoassay," has substantial advantages over radioimmunoassay and standard procedures such as thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The assay requires only a very small volume of the unknown solution (eg, urine, saliva), no chemical manipulations are needed, and the result is obtained by an instantaneous readout on the electron spin resonance spectrometer. This technique can be applied to the quantitative determination of opiate narcotics in urine and saliva.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiologia Clinica et Biologica, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Authors: None B.
Journal: JAMA (1885)

<h3>My Dear Doctor:</h3> —In the issue of the 3rd instant you give a quotation from the<i>Medical Chronicle</i>, which gives to Haupt (<i>Aerztliches Intelligenzblate</i>) the credit of having shown that the vibrations started by the heart or lungs are not communicated to the ear through the column of air in the tubular stethoscope, but through the solid material of which the instrument is constructed. It will be a matter of interest to your readers to know that an ingenious physician of this city showed the same thing to the Chicago Medical Society about four years ago, but that he soon found that he was mistaken. I was not at the meeting when the discussion took place, but the next day the doctor called at my office and demonstrated to me the interesting fact that a watch placed against the chest piece of a stethoscope could be heard quite as well
Patterns of decision making about cancer clinical trial participation among the online cancer treatment community: A collaboration between SWOG and NexCura.
Authors: Joseph M Unger, Dawn L. Hershman, Kenda Burg, Carol Moinpour, Kathy S. Albain, Judith A. Petersen, John Crowley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

CRA6009 Background: Studies have shown an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and quality of oncology care, but less is known about the impact of SES on decision-making about CT participation. Methods: We assessed patterns of CT treatment decision-making according to important SES and demographic factors (age, sex, race, income, education) in a large sample of patients surveyed via a web-based treatment decision tool (NexCura, The Woodlands, TX). Eligible patients had a new diagnosis of breast, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer, and were &gt;18. Logistic regression (conditioning on type of cancer) was used. Reasons for non-participation in CTs were assessed using pre-specified items about treatment, family, cost, and logistics. All data were self-reported. Results: 5,499 patients were surveyed from 2007-2011. 40% discussed CTs with their physician; this differed by age (42% &lt;65 v. 29% &gt;65), income (42% &gt;$50k/yr v. 36% &lt;$50k/yr), and education (42% &gt;college degree (CD) v. 37% &lt;CD). 45% of discussions led to offers of CT participation, and 51% of offers led to CT participation. The overall CT participation rate was 9%, differing by age, income, and education (see table below). In a multivariate model including all SES and demographic factors (plus covariates comorbidity status and “distance to clinic”, a surrogate for convenience), income remained a predictor of CT participation (OR 0.73, 95% CI, 0.57-0.94, p=.01). Even in patients &gt;65, who are nearly universally covered by Medicare, lower income predicted reduced CT participation (age by income interaction test, p&gt;.05). Cost concerns were much more evident among lower income patients (p=.0001). Conclusions: Lower income patients were less likely to participate in CTs, even when considering age group.A better understanding of why income is a barrier may help identify ways to make CTs better available to all patients, and would increase the generalizability of CT study results across all levels of SES. [Table: see text]
DIABETIC COMA
Authors: NELLIS B. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Despite the fact that diabetic acidosis is usually controllable, and coma, in the majority of cases, can be prevented, yet coma does occur not rarely. Until the last few years, we recognized two usual causes for the severe acidosis that produces coma; these were infections and lapses in diet. Now we must add a third cause—failure to use an accustomed amount of insulin. There are now probably hundreds of diabetic patients to whom insulin is as necessary as the air we breathe. If, for some human reason, the daily dose is omitted without at the same time adjusting the diet, or if supplies of insulin fail, the result is disastrous. That the diabetic patient is prone to lapses in the strict routine of his irksome diet is not only human; it is even biologic. All of us abhor monotony, and when the daily duties extend even to meticulous measurement and
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: E. G. ELIAS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

BOOK REVIEWS Get access Cutaneous Melanoma, 2nd Edition . Charles M. Balch , Alan N. Houghton , Gerald W. Milton , Arthur J. Sober , Seng-jaw Soong , eds. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott , 1992 . 583 pp., illus. $125 E. GEORGE ELIAS, M.D. E. GEORGE ELIAS, M.D. Surgical Oncology University of Maryland Hospital22 S. Greene St. Baltimore, MD 21201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 17, 2 September 1992, Pages 1358–1360, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.17.1358-a Published: 02 September 1992