tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TUBERCULOSIS IN ANIMALS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Characteristics of Individuals With Germline Mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i>: Analysis of 10,000 Individuals
Authors: Thomas S. Frank, Amie M. Deffenbaugh, Julia E. Reid, Mark Hulick, Brian E. Ward, Beth Lingenfelter, Kathi L. Gumpper, Thomas Scholl, Sean V. Tavtigian, Dmitry R. Pruss, Gregory C. Critchfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess the characteristics that correlate best with the presence of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in individuals tested in a clinical setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results of 10,000 consecutive gene sequence analyses performed to identify mutations anywhere in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (7,461 analyses) or for three specific Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations (2,539 analyses) were correlated with personal and family history of cancer, ancestry, invasive versus noninvasive breast neoplasia, and sex. RESULTS: Mutations were identified in 1,720 (17.2%) of the 10,000 individuals tested, including 968 (20%) of 4,843 women with breast cancer and 281 (34%) of 824 with ovarian cancer, and the prevalence of mutations was correlated with specific features of the personal and family histories of the individuals tested. Mutations were as prevalent in high-risk women of African (25 [19%] of 133) and other non-Ashkenazi ancestries as those of European ancestry (712 [16%] of 4379) and were significantly less prevalent in women diagnosed before 50 years of age with ductal carcinoma in situ than with invasive breast cancer (13% v 24%, P = .0007). Of the 74 mutations identified in individuals of Ashkenazi ancestry through full sequence analysis of both BRCA1 and BRCA2, 16 (21.6%) were nonfounder mutations, including seven in BRCA1 and nine in BRCA2. Twenty-one (28%) of 76 men with breast cancer carried mutations, of which more than one third occurred in BRCA1. CONCLUSION: Specific features of personal and family history can be used to assess the likelihood of identifying a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 in individuals tested in a clinical setting.
Abstract 3228: Establishment and characterization of orthotopic mouse models for human uveal melanoma hepatic metastases
Authors: Shinji Ozaki, Mizue Terai, Ken Kageyama, Hanyin Cheng, Masahiro Ohara, Andrew E. Aplin, Michael J. Mastranjelo, Takami Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare type of melanoma although it is the most common primary ocular malignant tumor in adults. Nearly half of patients with primary UM subsequently develop systemic metastasis, preferentially to the liver. Currently, there is no effective treatment for UM hepatic metastasis and the prognosis is universally poor. The major challenge in designing a treatment strategy for UM hepatic metastasis is the lack of suitable animal models. We have developed two orthotopic mouse models for human UM hepatic metastases: (1) Direct hepatic implantation model (intra-hepatic dissemination model), and (2) Splenic-implantation model (hematogenous dissemination model) and investigated the tumor genesis in the liver. A human UM cell line, established from a hepatic metastasis and NSG mice were used for development of in vivo tumor models. In direct hepatic implantation model, a localized tumor developed in the liver in all cases and intrahepatic dissemination was subsequently seen in about half of cases. On the other hand, in splenic implantation model, multiple hepatic metastases were observed after splenic implantation. Hepatic tumors subsequently developed intra-abdominal metastasis; however, lung metastases were not seen. These findings are consistent with those observed in human UM hepatic metastases. In addition, there are broad extracellular matrix connecting the blood vessels lined with endothelium in the hepatic tumors. These structures are assumed to be so called “vasculogenic mimicry (VM)” formed by the the tumor cells themselves. Notably, we found tumor cells in the liver begin to form VM, despite a small number of them and eventually develop a broad network of VM in the tumor. Thus, VM might contribute to the microcirculation in the tumor preceding development of vessels lined with endothelium. Moreover, we have generated orange-red fluorescence protein (td-Tomato fluorescent protein) expressing cell line using the same UM cell line and developed the same mouse models. This allowed us to monitor the growth of hepatic metastasis over time by in vivo live-imaging system. These orthotopic mouse models offer useful tools to investigate the biological behavior of human UM cells in the liver. Citation Format: Shinji Ozaki, Mizue Terai, Ken Kageyama, Hanyin Cheng, Masahiro Ohara, Andrew E. Aplin, Michael J. Mastranjelo, Takami Sato. Establishment and characterization of orthotopic mouse models for human uveal melanoma hepatic metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3228
Can the results be improved by combining radiation and elective radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy?
Authors: F. C. Greiss
Journal: JAMA (1965)

With fewer than 50 stage III patients treated by combined therapy reported in the literature,<sup>7-10</sup>the answer to this question can only be speculative. Worldwide five-year survival is 27.2% and even in the best hands, irradiation yields a survival rate of only 33.5%<sup>11</sup>Presumably, radiocurability of stage III lesions is limited by tumor radioresistance, the high incidence of lymph node metastases (44%-66%),<sup>4</sup>the difficulties of treatment of lesions involving the lower vagina, and the debilitation and lowered host resistance induced by the advanced carcinoma. We would add one further limitation from our experience, that of microscopically unidentifiable tumor nests which persits in a static, almost symbiotic relationship with the host after apparent curative radiotherapy. At a later date, aggressive behavior of these tumor nests may be activated either spontaneously or secondary to lowered host resistance from age, other disease, or disruption of tissues by subsequent surgery. Prompt pelvic
The Principles of Obstetrics. A Practical Manual for the Student and General Practitioner.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain
Authors: Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters20 April 2004Spinal Manipulation for Low Back PainPaul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD, Sally C. Morton, PhD, and Willem J.J. Assendelft, MD, PhDPaul G. Shekelle, MD, PhDFrom RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407; and Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this author, Sally C. Morton, PhDFrom RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407; and Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this author, and Willem J.J. Assendelft, MD, PhDFrom RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407; and Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Childs and Flynn erroneously concluded that our review states that spinal manipulative therapy does not work. The data we reported show that spinal manipulative therapy is more effective than either a sham manipulation or ineffective therapies. The data do not show that spinal manipulative therapy is more or less efficacious than other advocated therapies. Dr. Shapiro erroneously concluded that spinal manipulative therapy as defined in our report was “thrusting or high-velocity, low-amplitude technique” and that “in reality, manipulation is an eclectic group of techniques.” In contrast, we specifically acknowledged the heterogeneity of techniques that are considered manipulative ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul G. Shekelle, MD, PhD; Sally C. Morton, PhD; Willem J.J. Assendelft, MD, PhDAffiliations: From RAND, Santa Monica, CA 90407; and Dutch College of General Practitioners, Utrecht, the Netherlands. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSpinal Manipulative Therapy for Low Back Pain Willem J.J. Assendelft , Sally C. Morton , Emily I. Yu , Marika J. Suttorp , and Paul G. Shekelle Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain John D. Childs and Timothy W. Flynn Spinal Manipulation for Low Back Pain Carl M. Shapiro Metrics Cited byEl dolor lumbar en el año 2009Clinical Prediction Rules: Time to Sacrifice the Holy Cow 20 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 8Page: 665-666KeywordsLower back painResearch design ePublished: 20 April 2004 Issue Published: 20 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
RELATION OF INCREASED BLOOD VISCOSITY TO TRANSIENT ATTACKS OF HEMIPLEGIA
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The recognition and management of myxedema coma
Authors: R. M. Senior
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Arthur Schneider, Junior Assistant Resident in Medicine, the Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 66-year-old white woman was admitted to Jewish Hospital with a two-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting of bilious material, and diarrhea. There was no previous history of weight gain, cold intolerance, or constipation. In the past few months she had had some drowsiness and a gradual decrease in mental acuity. On admission, the blood pressure was 130/ 80 mm Hg, pulse rate was 76 beats per minute, and temperature was 98 F (35.0 C). The voice was deeply pitched and hoarse, the skin was dry, and the scalp hair was coarse. Rales were heard at the bases of both lungs. Examination of the abdomen revealed diffuse involuntary rigidity, rebound tenderness, and high-pitched, rushing bowel sounds. Deep tendon reflexes were abnormally delayed and symmetrical in response. The
The Spastic Child: A Record of Successfully Achieved Muscle Control in Little's Disease
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The spectrum of intent in fatal child abuse
Authors: P. W. McClain
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Winkelstein raises the possibility of selection bias in our analysis of CD4 lymphocyte decline in the ALIVE cohort of IVDUs. This bias must always be a serious concern in any longitudinal study; for this reason and because the decline in CD4 lymphocytes in our cohort of IVDUs was lower than that reported by others, we looked for evidence of significant bias in our original analysis, as Winkelstein notes. However, we did not find such evidence, and we concluded that while the possibility of selection bias could not be completely excluded, a large bias did not appear likely, for the reasons already stated. We have recently updated the analysis of CD4 lymphocyte changes in our cohort based on an additional year of follow-up. Eighteen-month follow-up data are now available for 537 (85.7%) of the 627 cohort members, and the median rate of CD4 lymphocyte change is -7.4/μL per
NCCN NewsTreatment Disparities, Significance of the Doctor-Patient Relationship, Supportive Care Issues, and the Latest Guidelines UpdatesPatient, Provider, Caregiver: Physicians Share Lessons Learned When the Tables Are TurnedNCCN Imaging Appropriate Use Criteria Published for 13 Additional GuidelinesNew Supportive Care Resources From NCCN Help Patients With Cancer Confront Distress
Authors: Kenneth Offit, Sloan Kettering, Clifford Goodman, Shauntice Allen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

and the latest NCCN Guideline-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.In addition to disease-specific presentations, NCCN experts discussed frontline supportive care and screening issues, including, but not limited to, genetic testing, smoking cessation, and management of
Tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: S. A. Cohen-Cole
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an otherwise excellent, up-to-date review on the use of tricyclic antidepressants inThe Journal, Cutler and Heiser endorse the outdated, empirically unsound classification of depression from the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, II</i><sup>1</sup> The authors made no reference to the proposed categorization system from the draft<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, III</i>,<sup>2</sup>which is based on the demonstrated irrelevance of social precipitants for the diagnosis and drug treatment of a major depressive episode.<sup>3</sup>Cutler and Heiser maintain the incorrect idea that precipitated depressions are generally "neurotic" (the latter-mentioned reference will not even recognize this entity) and that nonprecipitated depressions are more likely to be "endogenous" and responsive to drugs. This error is a serious one, because the authors may be, to some extent, unwittingly encouraging the very problem they seek to ameliorate in writing the article, ie, the under-recognition and
Phantom pregnancy.
Authors: J O Drife
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<b>Background:</b> We describe the clinical characteristics, treatments and in-hospital case-fatality rates in an unselected population of patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction. <b>Methods:</b> From January 2000 to June 2007, we tracked consecutive patients who were admitted to 7 tertiary referral and 21 county hospitals in Romania for medical treatment of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. These patients were enrolled in the Romanian Registry for ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. For this prospective study, we collected data on demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, various aspects of treatment for myocardial infarction, and in-hospital death. <b>Results:</b> The 9186 patients in the study group had a mean age of 63.8 years. The median time from onset of symptoms to thrombolysis was 230 (interquartile range 120–510) minutes. Of the 9186 patients, 4986 (54.3%) had hypertension, 1974 (21.5%) had diabetes mellitus, 3545 (38.6%) had lipid disorders and 4653 (50.7%) were smokers. The in-hospital mortality rate was 12.7% (1170 deaths). The study group consisted of 2893 women and 6293 men. The women were older than the men and had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus but were less likely to be smokers. A smaller proportion of women than men presented within 2 hours after onset of symptoms (23.1% v. 34.4%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Smaller proportions of women received thrombolytics (40.8% v. 53.5%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), anticoagulants (93.4% v. 95.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), antiplatelet agents (88.3% v. 91.2%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and primary percutaneous coronary interventions (1.5% v. 2.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.030). The risk of in-hospital death was greater for women, even after adjustment for confounders (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.13–1.56; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). <b>Interpretation:</b> The rates of reperfusion therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction were low, and in-hospital case-fatality rates were high in this study. Excess in-hospital mortality was more pronounced among women.
Comparative Negligence
Authors: Leslie J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Traditionally, one of the standard defenses to a negligence action, including a professional liability suit, has been the doctrine of contributory negligence. This doctrine precludes recovery of damages by a person whose injury was, in part, caused by his or her own negligence, even if the negligence of the person being sued was also a proximate cause of the injury for which recovery would otherwise have been allowed. Courts have often been reluctant to apply the doctrine of contributory negligence because it can preclude recovery by a person whose negligence is substantially less than that of the person being sued. This is particularly true in professional liability actions due to the great disparity in medical knowledge between the patient and the physician. Thus, the defense of contributory negligence has been successful mainly in cases where the patient's conduct shows flagrant disregard for his own health or safety. To achieve more
Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy and impact on survival for resected gastric cancer.
Authors: Erin Greenleaf, Christopher S Hollenbeak, Joyce Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

123 Background: Standard of care for patients with advanced gastric cancer includes administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ); however, post-operative convalescence often prolongs the interval between surgery and chemotherapy. This study assesses the survival impact of timing of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients undergoing resection for gastric cancer. Methods: The 2003-2012 ACS NCDB was analyzed for patients treated with gastrectomy for cancer. Treatment groups were stratified by time to initiation of ADJ. The categories included: initiation of chemotherapy within 3 months post-operatively, after 3 months post-operatively, and surgery only. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Of 10,242 patients undergoing gastrectomy, 31% received ADJ and 69% underwent surgery only. Median time to receipt of chemotherapy was 52 days. The majority, 87%, received ADJ within 3 months. 13% received ADJ after 3 months. Patients who received ADJ earlier were more frequently younger, female, privately insured, with fewer comorbidities, treated in comprehensive community facilities, and more often with stages II and III disease. In multivariate analysis, patients who received ADJ had a 36% less hazard of death, both with administration within 3 months post-operatively and later, compared to surgery only patients (HR = 0.64, p &lt; 0.0001, both). Among patients who received ADJ within 3 months and after, median time of survival was not different at a statistically significant level, when stratified by pathologic stage (see Table). Median time of survival was longer for both chemotherapy cohorts when compared with surgery only, specifically in patients with pathologic stage II, III, and III disease. Conclusions: Time to initiation of adjuvant therapy following surgery does not impact survival. With improved survival over surgery only, even delayed initiation of chemotherapy should be offered, when appropriate. [Table: see text]