tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone and the Incidence of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION OF NERVE ENDINGS IN VOLUNTARY MUSCLE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MILD PARANOIA AND PUBLIC SAFETY.
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
I Know Just the Thing for That
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by a viridans Streptococcus or Neisseria perflava
Authors: J. D. McCue
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Eight patients had nine episodes of presumed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) caused by commensal bacteria that usually inhabit the oropharynx, including<i>Neisseria perflava</i>and the viridans streptococci<i>Streptococcus milleri</i>,<i>Streptococcus mitis</i>, and<i>Streptococcus sanguis</i>. Nonpurulent ascites (ascitic fluid WBC count, &lt;1,000/cu mm) was present in four episodes, possibly caused by either bacterial colonization or early peritonitis; purulent ascites was present in five episodes. None died of their infection, and three episodes remitted without treatment. Poor condition of gums and teeth may play a pathogenic role in SBP caused by these bacteria. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:3319-3321)
Patterns of Recurrence After Initial Treatment in Patients With Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: T. Kumada, S. Nakano, I. Takeda, K. Sugiyama, T. Osada, S. Kiriyama, Y. Sone, H. Toyoda, S. Shimada, M. Takahashi, T. Sassa
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To assess intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multicentric occurrence (MO) after initial treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) ≤2 cm in diameter, we performed clinical and pathological studies in 112 patients who underwent percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) or hepatic resection for HCC from January 1985 to December 1994. Patients with intrahepatic recurrences were classified into two groups based on the type of recurrence: the IM group (n = 29, 50.9%) and the MO group (n = 28, 49.1%). Overall recurrence rates after initial treatment were 23.7% at 1 year, 64.5% at 3 years, and 76.1% at 5 years. In patients with IM, the majority of intrahepatic recurrences were observed within 3 years of initial treatment and the primary HCC lesions were closely related to the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Alternatively, intrahepatic recurrences occurred throughout the follow–up period in patients with MO, and the evidence of underlying liver disease (anti–HCV [antibody to hepatitis C virus] positive) and elevated serum alfa–fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations were closely associated with intrahepatic recurrence. Prognoses following additional treatment in MO group patients were superior to those in IM group patients. These results suggest that differentiation between IM and MO in patients with HCC is important for understanding the development and biological behavior of the tumor. That is, the early detection of intrahepatic recurrence and the institution of appropriate additional therapy (PEIT or hepatic resection) may prolong survival in patients with MO.
Abstract 037: Transient Cardiac Expression Of Constitutively Active G alpha Q Activates Renin-angiotensin System, Leading To Progressive Heart Failure And Ventricular Arrhythmias In Transgenic Mice
Authors: Naoko Matsushita, Masamichi hirose, Yasuchika Taeishi, Satoshi Suzuki, Toshihide Kashihara, Ulrike Mende, Eiichi Taira, Mitsuhiko Yamada
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Introduction: Transgenic mice with transient cardiac expression of constitutively active Galpha q (Gαq-TG) caused progressive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias after the initiating stimulus becomes undetectable. However, the mechanisms are still unknown. Renin-angiotensin system plays a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We examined the effects of chronic administration of olmesartan on ventricular function, the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC), and ventricular remodeling in Gαq-TG mice. Methods and Results: Olmesartan (1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was chronically administered to Gαq-TG from 6 to 32 weeks of age, and all experiments were performed in mice at the age of 32 weeks. Chronic olmesartan treatment prevented the severe reduction of left ventricular fractional shortening and inhibited ventricular interstitial fibrosis and ventricular myocyte hypertrophy in Gαq-TG. Electrocardiogram demonstrated that premature ventricular contraction (PVC) was frequently (more than 20 beats/min) observed in 9 of 10 vehicle-treated Gαq-TG but in none of 10 olmesartan -treated Gαq-TG. The QT interval was significantly shorter in olmesartan-treated Gαq-TG than vehicle-treated Gαq-TG. CTGF, collagen type 1, ANP, BNP, and β-MHC gene expression was increased in vehicle-treated Gαq-TG. Olmesartan significantly decreased these gene expressions in Gαq-TG. Moreover, protein expressions of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels 3 and 6 increased in vehicle-treated Gαq-TG hearts. Olmesartan significantly decreased TRPC6 expressions in Gαq-TG. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 1 and 2 gene expressions were also increased in vehicle-treated Gαq-TG and was not decreased to the control level in olmesartan-treated Gαq-TG. Conclusions: These findings suggest that renin-angiotensin system has an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure even if the initiating stimulus is different from the activation of renin-angiotensin system.
The Risk of Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Is Not Increased in Pet Owners
Authors: Donato Fumarola
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The possibility that cat owners may be at risk of infection by the spirochete<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, has been suggested by Steere and coworkers<sup>1</sup>in their early studies on the disease. They have reported that significantly more patients are cat owners than unaffected neighbors.<sup>1</sup>More recently, the association between dog ownership and risk of human Lyme disease has been denied by Eng and coworkers<sup>2</sup>in a small pilot study. Although pets may represent a spirochete reservoir,<sup>3</sup>it is unlikely that human beings can be infected directly by them. However, in areas of endemic Lyme disease, both adult and nymphal ticks, carried into the household by dogs and cats, may infest humans.<sup>4</sup> <h3>Study. —</h3> We have evaluated the relationship between pet ownership and<i>B burgdorferi</i>infection in 238 subjects living in north Italy, in a rural area endemic
KIT D816V Mutation Positive Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Indolent Systemic Mastocytosis Are Associated with Disease Progression
Authors: Andres C Garcia-Montero, Maria Jara-Acevedo, Ivan Alvarez-Twose, Cristina Teodosio, Laura Sanchez-Muñoz, Javier Ignacio Muñoz-Gonzalez, Andrea Mayado, Almudena Matito, Carolina Caldas, Jose M Morgado, Luis Escribano, Alberto Orfao
Journal: Blood (2015)
Abstract 1776: An investigation of the effects of the atypical protein kinase C-ζinhibitor ζ-Stat on clear cell carcinoma ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion
Authors: Tracess Smalley, Rekha Patel, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer diagnosis. There is no efficient screening process for ovarian cancers and the average stage of diagnosis is stage III. The most common ovarian cancer diagnosis is epithelial ovarian carcinomas, which constitute for 85-90% of prognosis; of this percent, clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC) represents 5% of incidence. CCOC presents unique pathological features, has poor prognosis and has a high reoccurrence rate after treatment. An overexpression of atypical protein kinase C isoforms (PKC-ζ and PKC-ι/λ) has been observed in various malignant cells lines and are linked to pathways for cellular proliferation and invasion. In this investigation, ovarian cell lines (TOV21G and ES-2) were treated with the atypical PKC-ζ inhibitor ζ-Stat and assayed to determine the effects on proliferation and cellular invasion. These assays included cell counting, WST-1 assay, Western Blot and endpoint polymerase chain reaction. Mouse xenograft experiments were also performed to determine the effects of ζ-Stat on TOV21G xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Our data showed that ζ-Stat decreased the proliferation and cell viability of clear cell carcinoma ovarian cancer cells. In addition, it knocked down the protein expression of PKC-ζ, as well as the protein and mRNA levels of RhoA (Ras homolog Family Member A). Our results also showed that tumor growth in athymic female mice was decreased when treated with ζ-Stat and that mouse body weight was maintained. This suggests that PKC-ζ is a novel target in the carcinogenesis of CCOC and its inhibition by way of ζ-Stat decreased the rate of proliferation, tumor growth and expression of invasive protein pathways. Citation Format: Tracess Smalley, Rekha Patel, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. An investigation of the effects of the atypical protein kinase C-ζinhibitor ζ-Stat on clear cell carcinoma ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1776.
Wanda Blenska
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Lineage-defining transcription factors (LTFs) play key roles in tumor cell growth, making them highly attractive, but currently “undruggable”, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) vulnerabilities. Delineating LTF genomic binding sites and associated chromatin features would provide important insights into SCLC dependencies. Here we map super-enhancers (SEs) across multiple patient-derived SCLC preclinical models, and find SE patterns are sufficient to classify the models into the recently defined, LTF-based, SCLC subtypes. 3D-chromatin conformation analysis identified genes associated with SEs that define subtype-specific tumor signatures with genes functioning in diverse processes. Focusing on ASCL1-high SCLC (SCLC-A), we found ASCL1 physically interacts with NKX2-1 and PROX1. These factors bind overlapping genomic regions, and co-regulate a set of genes, including genes encoding cell surface proteins, SCN3A and KCNB2 enriched in SCLC-A. Genetic depletion of NKX2-1 or PROX1 alone, or in combinations with ASCL1, did not inhibit SCLC growth more than that achieved by depleting ASCL1 alone. We demonstrate the SE signature supports the LTF classification of SCLC, identify NKX2-1 and PROX1 as ASCL1 co-factors, and substantiate the central importance of ASCL1 as a key dependency factor in the majority of SCLC. The LTF and SE gene sets provide a molecular roadmap for future ASCL1 therapeutic targeting studies.
Body mass index, weight change, and risk of mobility disability in middle-aged and older women. The epidemiologic follow-up study of NHANES I
Authors: L. J. Launer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —As disability is highly prevalent among older women, is costly, and affects the quality of life, preventable causes of disability must be identified. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), weight change, and the onset of disability in older women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The nationally representative US epidemiologic follow-up study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971 through 1987). <h3>Patients.</h3> —White women classified as young-old (mean age 60 years at baseline, mean age 65 years at follow-up) and old-old (mean age 76 years at baseline, mean age 80 years at follow-up). <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The relative odds for the onset of mobility disability associated with tertiles of past BMI (measured 8 to 16 years prior to disability ascertainment) and current BMI (measured 2 to 5 years prior to disability ascertainment) and with weight change between the two weight measurements. <h3>Results.</h3> —In both cohorts, women in the high past BMI group (&gt;27 in the young-old and &gt;28.1 in the old-old cohort) had a twofold increase in the risk for disability compared with women in the low past BMI group. High current BMI was as strongly related as past BMI to risk of disability in the young-old women; it was not as strong a predictor in old-old women. In the old-old group only, women who experienced a weight loss of more than 5% had a twofold increase in risk of disability compared with weight-stable women. These results were adjusted for age, smoking, education, and study time and were not importantly modified with the addition into the models of single or multiple health conditions. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These prospective data suggest that high BMI is a strong predictor of long-term risk for mobility disability in older women and that this risk persists even to very old age. However, the paradoxical increase in risk associated with weight loss in the old-old women requires further study. Programs to prevent overweight may have potential for decreasing disability in women. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1093-1098)
An overview of reform initiatives in medical education. 1906 through 1992
Authors: C. Enarson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

INTEREST in alternative educational, organizational, and financing strategies for the education of the next generation of physicians is growing as medical care costs escalate and access to basic health care declines. To assess the impact of major initiatives for improving undergraduate medical education, we reviewed 15 major studies conducted between 1906 and 1992 (Table).<sup>1-15</sup>Eleven of these studies originated with councils or commissions whose appointed members reviewed the ideas and opinions of leaders in medicine about medical education<sup>1,10,14</sup>; four were detailed field studies,<sup>11-13,15,16</sup>consisting of on-site observations of the structure and function of specific medical education programs. Of the 15 initiatives, 13 reported specific recommendations,<sup>1-13</sup>which can be grouped in three categories: the method of medical school instruction, ie, the curricula content and process of instruction; the internal structure of medical schools; and the relationship between medical schools and external organizations and agencies. The recommendations are
ENDOSCOPIC RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION FOR PALLIATIVE TREATMENT OF HILAR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: R Morais, F Vilas-Boas, J Antunes, P Pereira, G Macedo
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A 58-years-old woman, with priors of Parkinson disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and arterial hypertension, was diagnosed with a perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (Bismuth Type 1). She initially underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with brush cytology and stent placement in the right hepatic duct. She was proposed for resection surgery but due to imagiological evidence of portal vein and right hepatic artery invasion and disease progression with involvement of the right and left hepatic duct (Bismuth Type 4), after multidisciplinary discussion, she was proposed for palliative care. Due to progressive worsening jaundice and cholestasis, it was decided to repeat ERCP. After removal of the previously placed plastic stent, cholangioscopy (SpyGlass DS; Boston Scientific) was performed. This exam confirmed the presence of a hepatic confluence stenosis, with neovascularization and involvement of the right and left hepatic duct. The length of the stenosis was approximately 5 cm. Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA; Habib catheter, Boston Scientific) was performed on two levels, initially on a proximal level, for full-extent treatment of the lesion. Cholagioscopy was repeated for treatment evaluation and exclusion of complications. On the examination we observed an increase in the luminal diameter and apparent necrosis at the level of the lesion. An uncovered self-expandable metal stent (10 cm) was placed in the left hepatic duct. The procedure underwent without complications and the patient was discharged home. She was evaluated one month later in the outpatient clinic and is asymptomatic. Blood test revealed complete normalization of total bilirubin and cholestasis.
The Editors' Choice
Authors: Cezmi A. Akdis, Zuhair K. Ballas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2016)

Food allergy is a harmful immune reaction that occurs shortly after a person eats certain foods. Mechanistically, it remains unclear how an adverse allergic reaction to ingested food can be initiated and amplified in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to loss of oral tolerance. Taking advantage of genetically modified mice, Lee et al (p 1216) investigated the roles of the allergy-promoting cytokine IL-25, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and CD4+ TH2 cells in a murine model of food allergy.
Combination Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We studied the timing and duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer with axillary-node involvement in a randomized trial including 1229 patients divided into three treatment groups. One group received a single perioperative course of adjuvant combination chemotherapy beginning within 36 hours of mastectomy; a second received six cycles of conventionally timed adjuvant chemotherapy starting 25 to 32 days after operation; and a third received both the perioperative cycle and the conventionally timed regimen. The chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. Tamoxifen was added to the conventionally timed regimen in postmenopausal women. At a median follow-up of 42 months, the estimated four-year disease-free survival was 40 percent for the single perioperative cycle, 62 percent for the longer, conventionally timed regimen, and 60 percent for the combined program (P less than 0.0001). Overall survival differences also favored the longer treatments (P = 0.011). We conclude that a single perioperative cycle of adjuvant combination chemotherapy is less effective than prolonged therapy in patients with operable breast cancer and involved axillary nodes. Furthermore, starting the prolonged therapy perioperatively is no more effective than starting treatment four weeks after mastectomy.