tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SERVING THE PUBLIC
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: James F. Holland
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This short book is intended neither for the expert in cancer medicine nor as an exhaustive treatise. The choice of drugsfor particular neoplastic diseases—including specific indications, appropriate doses, anticipated efficacy, and likely side effects—is clearly presented. References for each chapter, and 382 selected for the whole book, are well chosen and up-to-date. An index to the references by drug name is particularly helpful. Chapters on the chemistry and biochemistry of the chemotherapeutic agents are written so as to be easily digested and absorbed. A chapter on the national chemotherapy program affords a review of the colossus that has changed many of the techniques of cancer chemotherapy research. Succeeding chapters on lymphomas, leukemias, myeloma, solid tumors, breast cancer, endocrine neoplasms, and surgical adjuvant chemotherapy all are conservative expressions of the available areas of therapy, with lesser stress on chemopraxis—those drugs which have been used without producing therapy. Separate consideration is given
Preventing Tobacco-Caused Cancer: A Call to Action
Authors: Carole Tracy Orleans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Nicotine addiction is the most common serious medical problem in the country.Tobacco use is responsible for 30% of cancer deaths in the United States and 90% of all lung cancer deaths.The physical addiction to nicotine explains why over 30% of Americans continue to smoke or use tobacco despite their desires and efforts to quit.The testimony summarized in this paper recommends four broad strategies for preventing tobacco-caused cancers in the United States: a) mandating and reimbursing effective treatments for nicotine addiction; b) increasing Federal and state tobacco excise taxes and earmarking a fraction of tax revenues for tobacco prevention and cessation; c) enacting other policy changes to prevent tobacco use and addiction among children, including expanded clean indoor air legislation, comprehensive youth tobacco access legislation, and the regulation of tobacco products and their advertising and promotion; and d) expanding tobacco control research and critical Federal research support.Specific recommendations are given for each broad strategy.-
UK screening for congenital cataracts needs improving
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Leg symptoms do not correlate with varicose veinsSurgery for varicose veins costs the NHS £400-600m a year yet there is little evidence that it reduces lower limb symptoms.In the Edinburgh vein study (p 353) men and women aged 18-64 completed a questionnaire on the presence of lower limb symptoms and were examined to determine the presence and extent of trunk varices.Women were significantly more likely than men to report heaviness or tension, swelling, aching, restless legs, cramps, and itching.The level of agreement between the presence of symptoms and trunk varices was low, especially in men.These results suggest that, even in the presence of trunk varices, most leg symptoms have a non-venous cause and that surgery is unlikely to ameliorate them.
Long-term octreotide treatment prevents vascular hyporeactivity in portal-hypertensive rats
Authors: C Sieber
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Chronically portal-hypertensive rats show in vitro vascular hyporeactivity in large part mediated by the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide. We tested whether long-term octreotide treatment (15 micrograms/kg subcutaneously in 5% D/W, 8-hourly) corrects the in vitro vascular hyporeactivity. Increases in perfusion pressures (delta mm Hg) to potassium chloride (30-300 mmol/L) of in vitro perfused superior mesenteric arterial vascular beds of partial portal vein-ligated (PVL) rats were significantly (P < .05) higher in octreotide (n = 9) compared with placebo (n = 10, 5% D/W) treated animals. Octreotide significantly (P < .05) increased mean arterial pressure compared with placebo, the values being 129 ± 3 and 117 ± 4 mm Hg, respectively. Furthermore, a significant (P < .001) correlation was observed between in vitro vascular reactivity and mean arterial pressure. Incubation of separate vascular beds (n = 7 for both PVL and sham-operated rats) with octreotide (10-6 mol/L) did not enhance pressure responses to 125 mmol/L potassium chloride, and failed to increase perfusion pressures in preconstricted vessel preparations (n = 6), excluding a direct inhibitory effect on NO. In summary, long-term octreotide treatment prevents in vitro vascular hyporeactivity in prehepatic portal-hypertensive rats, and octreotide does not exert its action through direct effects on endothelium-derived NO.
Oral ergotamine.
Authors: W P Maclay
Journal: BMJ (1970)

accompanied by diarrhoea and gross stea- torrhoea, loss of weight, and the feeling of ill health.In this unit we have handled a number of adult patients suffering from various forms of pancreatic insufficiency, until last year under the direction of the late Dr. A. C. Frazer, one-time professor of medical biochemistry and pharmacology at the Uni- versity of Birmingham.According to Frazer's teaching, patients with a pancreatic enzyme deficiency usually improve with replacement treatment and sometimes, results were most impressive.Frazer stressed the importance of using pancreatin itself and not one of the other preparations.He advised sprinkling the pancreatin from a pepper pot on to the food immediately before eating it and using an amount of 10 g. or more daily as required.The Figure illustrates the response of one of our patients to such pancreatic enzyme replace- ment treatment.-Weare, etc.,
Journal of the Mount Sinai Hospital, New York
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leads from the MMWR. Results from the National Adolescent Student Health Survey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II study of methyl-CCNU, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and streptozotocin in advanced colorectal cancer. By the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group.
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1984)

In an attempt to confirm the previously reported response rates with methyl-CCNU, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and streptozotocin (MOF-strep) (34%) in advanced colorectal cancer, the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group used the identical treatment schedule in 40 good performance status patients who had received no prior chemotherapy. Four patients (10%) achieved an objective partial tumor response and the median survival for all patients was 7.3 months. The toxicity was evidenced by moderate nausea and vomiting and myelosuppression with one treatment-related death. Based on this trial further evaluation of MOF-strep for advanced colorectal cancer cannot be recommended.
Medical Humorphobia
Authors: Sam Vee
Journal: JAMA (1980)

My patient, a noted psychiatrist, looked perturbed. Although his hands were steady and his gaze unswerving, his legs were constantly moving, as if he were treading water. He could hardly sit still. "Doctor," he said, "is there anything you can do about my restlessness?" "How long have you been restless?" I asked, ignoring his obviously premature question. "Ever since my graduation from medical school. Until then I was easygoing and placid. But within a month or so I developed a strong urge to run. The urge became stronger after I specialized in psychiatry. At times it becomes irresistible, compelling me to start running no matter where I happen to be at the time." "Clearly," I said "you must be running from something you abhor. Do you recall when you first felt the urge?" "It was at an alumni banquet. The fare was mediocre, the speakers dull, and the chairman kept
Treatment of intractable rheumatoid arthritis with combined cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine. A follow-up study
Authors: M. Csuka
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and hydroxychloroquine sulfate were prescribed for 31 patients (26 women and five men) with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to conventional therapy. Maintenance drug dosages (mean ±SD) were as follows: cyclophosphamide, 30±24 mg/day; azathioprine, 74±44 mg/day; and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 210±92 mg/day. Disease suppression began in 30 patients within three to 24 months (mean, nine months). Results after 43 months (range, 12 to 102 months) were as follows: 16, complete remission; seven, near remission; seven, partial disease suppression; one, no response. None remained in prolonged remission without some form of therapy. Treatment was discontinued in three patients because of pulmonary infection (two) or thrombocytopenia (one). Four patients had five malignant neoplasms (surgical cures) before therapy (two breast, one colon, one melanoma, one endometrial); four patients developed a malignant neoplasm during combined drug therapy (one colon, one endometrial, one lung, one erythroleukemia); and three died. The absolute risk of malignancy from combined drug therapy is still unclear. We concluded that (1) combined use of remittive agents may have promise in treatment of severe rheumatoid arthritis; (2) cyclophosphamide should be replaced with a nonalkylating agent; and (3) the place of combined drug therapy remains uncertain in the absence of controlled trials. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2315-2319)
Cytotoxic Therapy–Induced Effects on Both Hematopoietic and Marrow Stromal Cells Promotes Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Angela Stoddart, Jianghong Wang, Anthony A. Fernald, Elizabeth M. Davis, Camille R. Johnson, Chunmei Hu, Jason X. Cheng, Megan E. McNerney, Michelle M. Le Beau
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2020)

Genotoxic therapy-induced persistent damage to non-hematopoietic tissues promotes myeloid leukemia development by conferring advantage to p53-deficient preleukemic clones and driving acquisition of additional lesions in DNA damage response genes.
Physicians and human rights
Authors: Q. D. Young
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Sudan, which is the largest country in Africa, is now ruled by a military government intent on establishing an Islamic state. Hundreds of Sudanese citizens have been jailed and, in some cases, tortured since June 1989, when a relatively unknown military officer, Lieutenant General Omer al-Bashir, seized power from the elected government of Sadiq el Mahdi. Blaming the multiparty system for a stagnant economy and corruption, General al-Bashir immediately abolished all unions and political parties; banned professional associations of lawyers, engineers, and physicians; and created a new security agency called the "Security of the Revolution," which, according to former detainees, is staffed by Islamic fundamentalists and is responsible for many of the arrests and much of the torture.<sup>1</sup> Much of the repression, especially in the capital of Khartoum, has been directed against those groups—mainly politicians, physicians, and academics—that the government fears as potentially capable of organizing a political challenge
Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmaklogie.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Locating and Appraising Systematic Reviews
Authors: Carl D. Atkins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Locating and Appraising Systematic ReviewsCarl D. Atkins, MDCarl D. Atkins, MDSouth Shore Hematology-Oncology Associates; Rockville Centre, NY 11570Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Hunt and McKibbon make a serious mistake in their discussion of what they call the test for homogeneity [1]. The authors' decision to use this term rather than the more appropriate term, the test for heterogeneity, underscores their failure to account for the type II error inherent in tests of significance based on P values [2]. The null hypothesis in the test for heterogeneity is that the different studies have underlying populations with the same mean and variance for the outcome under study. Although a P value less than 0.05 may be cause to reject this null ...References1. Hunt DL, McKibbon KA. Locating and appraising systematic reviews. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:532-8. Google Scholar2. Freiman JA, Chalmers TC, Smith H Jr, Keubler RR. The importance of β, the type II error, and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized clinical trial. Survey of 71 negative trials. N Engl J Med. 1978; 299:690-4. Google Scholar3. Rothman KJ. The role of statistics in epidemiologic analysis. The assessment and control of confounding. In: Modern Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown; 1986:125-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Carl D. Atkins, MDAffiliations: South Shore Hematology-Oncology Associates; Rockville Centre, NY 11570 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 323KeywordsPopulation statisticsSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Recurrent epidemics caused by a single strain of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The importance of molecular epidemiology
Authors: N. A. Back
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the accuracy of clinical epidemiologic findings with results of molecular epidemiologic analysis in identifying the source of recurrent epidemics of erythromycin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(ERSA) infections in a well-baby nursery. <h3>Design.</h3> —Epidemic investigations with retrospective and prospective microbiological surveillance.<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>isolates were evaluated by plasmid analysis and genotyping. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A well-baby nursery in a 700-bed university teaching hospital with approximately 250 deliveries per month. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Newborn infants who developed ERSA infections during 1990 and 1991. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Traditional infection control measures, including cohorting of infected infants and hand washing, were implemented. Personnel were cultured for nasal carriage of<i>S aureus</i>during both epidemics. Employees carrying ERSA were removed from the nursery and treated with mupirocin. <h3>Results.</h3> —In the first epidemic, 15 infants were infected with ERSA. A nursing assistant who cared for most of the infants was found to be a carrier of ERSA. She was removed from the nursery and the epidemic resolved. Fifteen months after the first epidemic ended, an epidemic that involved 11 infants began. The attending physician had a facial furuncle and was found to be a carrier of ERSA. The physician was treated and the epidemic resolved. Plasmid and genotyping showed the ERSA organisms from both epidemics were the same. The employee implicated in the first epidemic did not have the epidemic strain, but the physician who attended during both epidemics did. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Traditional epidemic investigations may lead to false conclusions that can only be recognized with molecular epidemiologic techniques. For these techniques to be useful in the control of outbreaks, plasmid analysis and/or genotyping must be readily available. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1329-1333)
Abstract 3802: Interleukin-4 receptor-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy and inhibits tumor growth
Authors: Soo-Woong Lee, Jae-Won Yoon Yoon, Guruprasath Padmanaban, Rang- Woon Park, Moon-Chang Baek, Dong-Kyu Kim, Won-Jong Kim, Byungheon Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) is commonly up-regulated on tumor cells, and interactions between the receptor and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) can induce the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL. This contributes to tumor cell survival and their resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we exploited IL-4R-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA to IL-4R-expressing tumor cells in order to sensitize them to chemotherapy. To target IL-4R, an IL-4R-binding peptide, IL4RPep-1, was attached to branched polyethyleneimine-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (BPEI-SPION). These nanoparticles were then complexed with Bcl-xL-targeting siRNA. IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA more efficiently reduced Bcl-xL gene expression and enhanced cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in MDA-MB231 breast tumor cells compared to untargeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA. The siRNA was released from the complexes after 15 h of incubation at pH 5.5 and was stable in the complexes up to 72 h in the serum. The IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA was internalized by cells through IL-4R, successfully escaped the endosomes, and was dispersed into the cytoplasm. Near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated that in vivo tumor homing and accumulation of IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA were both higher than untargeted BPEI-SPION/siRNA. The IL-4R-targeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA, in combination with doxorubicin, significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice compared to untargeted BPEI-SPION/Bcl-xL siRNA. These results suggest that the IL-4R-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA to IL-4R-expressing tumors can sensitize tumors to chemotherapy and enhance the efficacy of anti-tumor therapeutics. Keywords: Bcl-xL, BPEI-SPION, chemotherapy, IL-4R, siRNA Citation Format: Soo-Woong Lee, Jae-Won Yoon Yoon, Guruprasath Padmanaban, Rang- Woon Park, Moon-Chang Baek, Dong-Kyu Kim, Won-Jong Kim, Byungheon Lee. Interleukin-4 receptor-targeted delivery of Bcl-xL siRNA sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy and inhibits tumor growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3802.
JAMA 100 Years Ago
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal