tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician group declares war on land mine injuries
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

PHYSICIANS Against Land Mines (PALM)—a not-for-profit organization of health care professionals and other self-defined "people of conscience"—is establishing a center for the prevention and treatment of land-mine injuries. Land mines are deployed in more than 60 countries around the world, according to a PALM spokesperson. Each year at least 1 million additional land mines are sown, and each year another 25 000 men, women, and children are killed or maimed by these devices. "We urgently need an immediate and comprehensive ban on these weapons and expanded access to treatment," said William Kennedy Smith, MD, president of the Chicago-based organization and a staff physician at the Veterans Administration Chicago Health Care System Lakeside Division, in a recent interview. "The United States should be the first country to respond [to the problem]." To advance the medical care of land mine survivors, PALM will work with international experts in cooperation with 2 other Chicago-based
Impaired Glucose Transporter Activity in Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy Is an Early Indicator of Progression to Failure
Authors: Ingeborg Friehs, Adrian M. Moran, Christof Stamm, Steven D. Colan, Koh Takeuchi, Hung Cao-Danh, Christine M. Rader, Francis X. McGowan, Pedro J. del Nido
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Severe hypertrophy and heart failure are important risk factors in cardiac surgery. Early adaptive changes in hypertrophy include increased ventricular mass-to-cavity volume ratio (M/V ratio) and increased dependence on glucose for energy metabolism. However, glucose uptake is decreased in the late stages of hypertrophy when ventricular dilatation and failure are present. We hypothesized that impaired glucose uptake would be evident early in the progression of hypertrophy and associated with the onset of ventricular dilatation. Methods and Results —Ten-day-old rabbits underwent banding of the descending aorta. Development of hypertrophy was followed by transthoracic echocardiography to measure left ventricular M/V ratio. Glucose uptake rate, as determined by 31 P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measuring 2-deoxyglucose conversion to 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, was measured in isolated perfused hearts obtained from banded rabbits when M/V ratio had increased by 15% from baseline (compensated hypertrophy) and by 30% from baseline (early-decompensated hypertrophy). In age-matched control animals, the rate of glucose uptake was 0.61±0.08 μmol · g of wet weight −1 · 30 min −1 (mean±SEM). With a 15% M/V ratio increase, glucose uptake rate remained at control levels (0.6±0.05 μmol · g of wet weight −1 · 30 min −1 ), compared with hearts with 30% increased M/V ratios, where glucose uptake was significantly lower (0.42±0.05 μmol · g of wet weight −1 · 30 min −1 ; P ≤0.05). Glucose transporter protein expression was the same in all groups. Conclusions —Glucose uptake rate is maintained during compensated hypertrophy. However, coinciding with severe hypertrophy, preceding ventricular dilatation, and glucose transporter protein downregulation, glucose uptake is significantly decreased. Because of the increased dependence of the hypertrophied hearts on glucose use, we speculate that this impairment may be a contributing factor in the progression to failure.
THE STERILIZATION OF CATHETERS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tobacco litigation worldwide
Journal: BMJ (2001)

meant that a comparative analysis of individual progestogens could not be undertaken.While the role of endogenous progesterone and its metabolites in the aetiology of premenstrual syndrome remains unclear, it is evident from this meta-analysis that exogenous administration of either progestogens or progesterone does not improve symptoms.This is not surprising as there are reliable data to refute the theory that premenstrual syndrome is caused by a progesterone deficiency.With this review, there is now no convincing evidence to support the continued prescription of progesterone or progestogens for the management of premenstrual syndrome.
Ethical Brain
Authors: Richard Camicioli
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Sneeze
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I greatly enjoyed reading Kavka's article on the sneeze. The interested reader can find a wealth of additional information on sneezing in Julius Preuss' classic book<i>Biblical Talmudic Medicine</i>, now available in English.<sup>1</sup> Sneezing was considered a noteworthy occurrence by the ancients. Aristotle explains it as a holy, divine sign that has great importance:<i>ton Ptarmon theon egoumetha einai</i>(Problem, section 33:7). He simultaneously raises the question as to why the other types of air that emanate from the body, flatus and ructus, are not considered to be holy. He answers that only sneezing comes from the principal and most divine organ. Ancient historians report that the origin of this use of sneezing as a sign of great danger is the bubonic plague, which raged in Rome in the year 590 and in which people suddenly died while sneezing or yawning. Pope Pelagius died in this
Disabling Automobile Accidents.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Magazine, and TV Report
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Thomas P. Haynie
Journal: JAMA (1971)

I received with pleasure this second edition of Blahd's<i>Nuclear Medicine</i>. My copy of the first edition has become well worn from use and was in bad need of replacement on that account, but in addition, as Dr. Blahd points out in his preface, vast changes in instrumentation and radiopharmaceuticals in the past five years have significantly expanded nuclear medicine's armamentarium. This new edition includes coverage of many of these techniques. The appearance of the book at this time seems most propitious, for other books on nuclear medicine are becoming dated and, with the establishment of the American Board of Nuclear Medicine, the field is in need of a new text. The clinical practitioner preparing himself to sit for the first examination of the new board will want to familiarize himself thoroughly with this book and its references. As in the previous edition the text is divided into three major
Childhood Asthma Hospitalizations--King County, Washington, 1987-1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Since 1980, asthma prevalence, hospitalization, and mortality have been increasing in the United States (1). Because of concern about asthma morbidity in children in King County, Washington (2), Public Health-Seattle and King County (PH-SKC) conducted a study that analyzed trends in local hospitalizations for childhood asthma during 1987-1998. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that the youngest children and the poorest communities have the highest rates of asthma hospitalization.
<i>KRAS</i> gene amplification to define a distinct molecular subgroup of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: David Xu, Lindsay Alpert, Peng Xu, Sravya Tumuluru, Rajani Kanteti, Les Henderson, Emily O'Day, Fabiola Cecchi, Adele Blackler, Wei-Li Liao, Todd A. Hembrough, Daniel V.T. Catenacci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

4065 Background: KRAS mutation is rare (< 5%) in gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). However, the incidence of KRAS gene amplification (amp+), consequent protein levels, and prognostic and/or therapeutic implications are unknown. Methods: 410 GEC samples and 30 cell lines were assessed for KRAS gene copy number (GCN) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (n = 90), Kras expression by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (Kras-SRM-MS) (n = 393), and Kras-SRM level evaluated for correlation with KRAS amp+ status (n = 73). Survival analysis was performed comparing KRAS amp+ versus non-amp+ patients. When possible, concurrent 315 gene next-generation sequencing was also performed. Four KRAS-amplified xenograft lines (CAT-2,12,14,15) were established from malignant effusions. Tumorigenic activity of KRAS amp+ lines (CAT lines, MKN-1) were assessed using MTT and soft agar assays in vitro and subcutaneous xenograft models, compared to non-amp+ lines. Inhibitory assays were performed using KRAS siRNA and CRIPSR, and commercial inhibitors targeting downstream effectors MEK and/or PIK3CA. Results: KRAS FISH revealed clustered gene amp+ in 28.9% (26/90); these patients had worse prognosis than non-amp+ patients. GCN significantly correlated with Kras expression. All KRAS amp+ cell lines significantly overexpressed Kras protein and were tumorigenic in xenograft subcutaneous models. KRAS siRNA and KRAS CRISPR of KRAS amp+ cell lines demonstrated inhibition in MTT viability and soft agar assays, compared to appropriate controls, and demonstrated significant and durable xenograft growth reduction. Conversely, inhibition using MEK and/or PI3K inhibitors demonstrated only transient growth reduction in vivo. Conclusions: KRAS gene amp+ was observed in a large subset (26%) of GEC patients, which correlated with extreme expression by mass spectrometry. Established xenograft lines serve as models to investigate therapeutic strategies for KRAS amp+ patients. Inhibition using MEK/PIK3CA inhibitors provided transient benefit for KRAS amp+ tumors while durable inhibition was observed with Kras protein knockdown, suggesting potential benefit from novel siRNA therapeutics currently in development.
Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Regression of Coronary Atheroma
Authors: Uffe Ravnskov, Morley C. Sutter
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liver histopathology and extracellular matrix biomarkers in patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis from chronic hepatitis C who achieved a sustained virologic response
Authors: Diane Shevell, Eric Lawitz, Zachary Goodman, Morten Karsdal, Mette Juul Nielsen, Ratna Revankar, Shuyan Du, Joel Myers, Edgar Charles
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
"Family Doctor"
Authors: J. Arkle
Journal: BMJ (1951)

Lesion studies in macaques suggest dissociable functions of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial frontal cortex (MFC), with OFC being essential for goal-directed decision-making and MFC supporting social cognition. Bilateral amygdala damage results in impairments in both of these domains. There are extensive reciprocal connections between these prefrontal areas and the amygdala; however, it is not known whether the dissociable roles of OFC and MFC depend on functional interactions with the amygdala. To test this possibility, we compared the performance of male rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) with crossed surgical disconnection of the amygdala and either MFC (MFC × AMY, <i>n</i> = 4) or OFC (OFC × AMY, <i>n</i> = 4) to a group of unoperated controls (CON, <i>n</i> = 5). All monkeys were assessed for their performance on two tasks to measure the following: (1) food-retrieval latencies while viewing videos of social and nonsocial stimuli in a test of social interest and (2) object choices based on current food value using reinforcer devaluation in a test of goal-directed decision-making. Compared with the CON group, the MFC × AMY group, but not the OFC × AMY group, showed significantly reduced food-retrieval latencies while viewing videos of conspecifics, indicating reduced social valuation and/or interest. By contrast, on the devaluation task, group OFC × AMY, but not group MFC × AMY, displayed deficits on object choices following changes in food value. These data indicate that the MFC and OFC must functionally interact with the amygdala to support normative social and nonsocial valuation, respectively. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Ascribing value to conspecifics (social) versus objects (nonsocial) may be supported by distinct but overlapping brain networks. Here, we test whether two nonoverlapping regions of the prefrontal cortex, the medial frontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex, must causally interact with the amygdala to sustain social valuation and goal-directed decision-making, respectively. We found that these prefrontal-amygdala circuits are functionally dissociable, lending support for the idea that medial frontal and orbital frontal cortex make independent contributions to cognitive appraisals of the environment. These data provide a neural framework for distinct value assignment processes and may enhance our understanding of the cognitive deficits observed following brain injury or in the development of mental health disorders.
Highlighting Cancer Chemotherapy Reports
Authors: Jerome B. Block M.D.
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1974)

Highlighting Cancer One of the recent developments in cancer treatmenthas Chemotherapybeen theincreased attention tochildhood malignancies; six Reports ofthe23articles published intheSeptember/October issue of Cancer Chemotherapy Reports are largely concerned with management of childhood cancer.Several warrant further ACommentary onthe highlighting.Evansetal., writing fortheChildren's Cancer September/October 1974 StudyGroup A, comparetheeffectiveness ofdaunomycin (Vol.58, Number5) isSue with adniamycin on a variety of advanced solid tumors resis tant to other drugs.Prior to initiation of this controlled evalu ation, the authors note that it was their impression that adnia Jerome B. Block M.D. Scientific Editor mycin would have a considerably better demonstrated effi cacy than daunomycin.Several reports dealing with dauno mycin or adriamycin alone in uncontrolled trials gave rise to this view.In their study of 27 patients the response rate in a variety of tumors was no different, being 15 percent for daun omycin and 19 percent for adniamycin.The former drug schedule produced slightly more hematopoietic toxicity, and neither drug was associated with evident cardiac toxicity.Starling et al., writing for the Southwest Oncology Study Group, evaluated neuroblastoma therapy with cyclophos phamide, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine,6-mercaptopunine niboside, and cytosine arabinoside in differing combinations.Twenty-three children who previously had not received ther apy were studied with most responses being seen with a pulsed cyclophosphamide approach; the second most active regime was vincristine plus cyclophosphamide.The dif ferences, however, in these small groups of patients were not statistically significant.The authors do note that even in pa tients over the age of one year, good responses can be ob tained with drug therapy in neuroblastoma, but for the most part these have been partial in degree and transient in dura tion with the drugs used.Periodically, a problem in the management of pediatric neoplasms is the development of hyperunicemia in a setting which does not permit oral allopuninol administration.Don nenberg et al., writing from the Children's Hospital in
Urology
Authors: Mark T. Tsuang
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>Penile Prostheses</h3> For most men, self-concept and feelings of worth are intricately linked to the ability to attract a sexual partner and to perform appropriately. A disturbance in sexual performance can lead to feelings of worthlessness, impaired self-concept, and depression. Urologists have tried endless numbers of therapeutic techniques to help men with impotence. Drawing on the new technology used in the development of silicone breast prostheses, Small and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>in 1975, reported the use of paired penile implants composed of an exterior of medical grade silicone rubber with a silicone sponge core as corpora cavernosa implants for producing penile rigidity. Many other semirigid penile prostheses have been developed in the United States, Europe, and Japan. All have utilized varying designs and materials. Semiflexible rod prostheses of the Finney design,<sup>2</sup>the Jonas siliconesilver prosthesis,<sup>3</sup>and the silicone prosthesis (Gerow design)<sup>4</sup>have gained popularity. Scott et al<sup>5</sup>
AIDS recommendations leave federal officials to ponder: where do we go from here?
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

TACKLING ITS CHARGE to recommend a national policy for dealing with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemic's final report contains a section that essentially is urging nothing less than revamping some of the health care system in the United States. "This is a unique opportunity; to miss this chance to get ourselves restructured nationally would be a tragic mistake," says James D. Watkins, the retired admiral who is the commission's chair. He says many of those who testified before the commission and most of the commission members themselves are receptive to this viewpoint. In examining the impact of AIDS, Watkins says, "we ran into so many issues—discrimination, nursing shortages, therapeutic drug development, intravenous drug abuse, education— issues that could not be resolved by any short-term solutions. To neglect these would build up long-term health problems that will be much more expensive to