tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time for a dialogue
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)

e d i to r i a l are used to study the neural correlates of depression do not suffer from depression as we know it in humans.These transgenic tools are generated so that we can study a particular aspect of the disease process in a specific biological context.The lay public and popular press, however, might see the results differently when reduced neatly into a cocktail party punch line, and uniformed politicians can misrepresent facts to spread fear.As an example, US Senate candidate Christine O'Donnell spoke out against human-mouse hybrids a few years ago in a television news show, warning the public that "…American scientific companies are cross-breeding humans and animals and coming up with mice with fully functioning human brains... ".The lack of a full public understanding of the scientific purpose of why animals are made to contain human materials could, and does, fuel the misconception that scientists try these experiments simply because they can.One way to curb public exaggeration of real science is for scientists to refrain from anthropomorphizing animal models, especially those containing human material, and ensuring that they qualify the characterization of their animal models in the most accurate manner possible.Communication with the public will only become more critical as research with ACHM progresses.Technology and research tools, especially those used by neuroscientists to probe the workings of the brain, are advancing at a rapid pace.Although current tools may have limited capabilities at present, they will mostly certainly be repurposed and extended in ways that we do not currently envision.Open dialogue and discussion about future applications will help to prepare society at large for the potential societal and ethical implications of these animal models.Another important consideration in keeping channels of communication open is that the public opinion of what research practices are ethical is constantly evolving.At one point in history, it was acceptable to do all sorts of experiments with chimpanzees.In some European countries, it is now difficult to get permission just to do non-invasive experiments with small primates.Clearly justifying the importance of using ACHM and demonstrating that the research is done responsibly will almost certainly be necessary to ensure that public opinion does not turn against this area of research on accusations of animal misuse.ACHM are research tools that are likely to be widely used far into the future.Scientists who are actively conducting this research will have many discussions about this work, and its implications, as it progresses.However, we cannot forget to include the public in some of these conversations.Making private discussion public will help to assure the public that scientists are fully aware of potential implications of their research, technical, ethical or otherwise, and that they will responsibly regulate the use of these incredibly powerful tools.◼
The present status of adverse drug reaction reporting
Authors: J. K. Weston
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The communication in this issue (p 31) by Marcus M. Reidenberg, MD, reporting the results of the Greater Philadelphia Adverse Reaction Reporting Registry study, is interesting and important, especially if viewed against the published and unpublished adverse reaction data now available. The study involved five Philadelphia medical school hospitals. It was carried out under the most excellent cooperative circumstances, meshing with the programs of the Food and Drug Administration and the American Medical Association. At the same time, the study was under the auspices of a totally independent group and was carefully guided and supervised by major faculty members of each of the medical schools. An investigation such as this is likely to produce meaningful data on adverse drug reactions occurring in those hospitals over that two-year period. What, indeed, did the study show? Among other things, and of first importance, the overall incidence of adverse reactions in all hospitalized
BOSTON LETTER.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
House Endorses 'Family Physician' Plan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selection of a prosthetic heart valve
Authors: A. Starr
Journal: JAMA (1984)

USEFUL knowledge results from information collected in the past and synthesized, condensed, and organized to provide the best possible clue to future performance. Our purpose here is to arrive at that point by a review of the experience with heartvalve replacement during the last 30 years. Examination of data from current prostheses must be viewed from the perspective of experience, not expectations. <h3>ORIGINS OF VALVE REPLACEMENT: THE 1950s</h3> The earliest valvular substitute was Hufnagel's ball valve inserted into the descending aorta in 1952. With the introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass in 1953 came the possibility of complete replacement of cardiac valves in their anatomic position, and many laboratories and investigators devised replacement prostheses. Among the devices tried were artificial trileaflet valves made of pericardium, Teflon, Dacron, polyurethane, and Silastic; monocusp flap valves made of steel, polyester film (Mylar), or Silastic; and other configurations, including butterfly, sleeve, bicuspid, and quadricuspid made from
54 A PHASE I/II, OPEN-LABEL, DOSE-ESCALATION TRIAL USING THE ONCE-DAILY ORAL CHELATOR DEFERASIROX TO TREAT IRON OVERLOAD IN HFE-RELATED HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS
Authors: A. Pietrangelo, P. Brissot, H. Bonkovsky, C. Niederau, L. Rojkjaer, R. Weitzman, P. Williamson, O. Schoenborn-Kellenberger, P. Phatak
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
ASSOCIATION NEWS.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dioxin Activates HIV-1 Gene Expression by an Oxidative Stress Pathway Requiring a Functional Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 Enzyme
Authors: Yan Yao, Amy Hoffer, Ching-yi Chang, Alvaro Puga
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

We have studied the effect of several environmental chemicals on the transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene linked to the promoter sequences in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Aflatoxin B1, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; dioxin) and benzo[a]pyrene cause a significant increases in CAT expression in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 cells. The induction of CAT after TCDD treatment is abolished by administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine or 2-mercaptoethanol and does not take place in a mutant cell line that lacks CYP1A1 enzymatic activity. Linker-scanning mutational analysis of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter revealed that both the NF kappa B and an adjacent aromatic hydrocarbon response element (AhRE) are required for TCDD-dependent CAT expression. In addition, mutation of the NFAT/AP-1 binding sites in the negative regulatory region of the promoter increases the magnitude of the TCDD effect. We conclude that induction of a functional CYP1A1 monooxygenase by TCDD stimulates a pathway that generates thiol-sensitive reactive oxygen intermediates which, in turn, are responsible for the TCDD-dependent activation of genes linked to the LTR. These data might provide an explanation for findings that TCDD increases infectious HIV-1 titers in experimental systems and for epidemiologic reports suggesting that exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons, such as found in cigarette smoke, is associated with an acceleration in AIDS progression.
Hepatitis B virus kinetics after nucleos(t)ide-analogue withdrawal in chronic HBeAg(-) hepatitis correlates with HBV-specific CD8+ response and HBsAg level
Authors: Julia Peña Asensio, Eduardo Sanz-de Villalobos, Joaquiń Míquel, Alejandro González Praetorius, Juan Ramón Larrubia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
BUENOS AIRES
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Welcome to The Lancet Planetary Health
Authors: None The Lancet Planetary Health
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2017)

We are delighted to introduce you to the inaugural issue of The Lancet Planetary Health, a journal that will join The Lancet Public Health and The Lancet Global Health to provide a third pillar in an open-access programme covering the interplay between health and the determinants of health in our living and physical world.
The Kiss
Authors: David W. Hodo
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>The Kiss</i>, a memoir by Kathryn Harrison, is exquisite. The memoir revolves around the return of an absent father when the author is a college student and the sexual relationship that develops between them. Harrison takes us through the spiral of confusion, degradation, evolution, survival, and maturation. In<i>Basic Verities</i>(1943), Charles Peguy wrote, "What is most contrary to salvation is not sin but habit." The author confronts both. <i>The Kiss</i>came to my attention through a book review. I timidly scanned a copy at my favorite bookstore and read a few pages. I put it back. Would it give me nightmares to read such a dreadful story? I was soon back to purchase the book. I read the book rapidly, not missing a word. It was better than I had imagined. Though hers is a personal memoir, certainly not written to or about medicine, the author profoundly speaks to
THE GENERAL EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENT FOR THE MEDICAL COURSE.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation of liver canalicular transport processes by the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor genistein: Implications of genistein metabolism in the rat
Authors: W Jager
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Rat liver cells express the multispecific organic anion transporter (cmoat, cmrp, mrp2) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in their canalicular membranes, proteins that are homologous to the multidrug-resistance related protein (MRP) and multidrug resistance (MDR) gene products in multidrug resistant tumor cells. We tested whether genistein, a modulator of drug resistance in tumor cells, affects biliary secretion of substrates of canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cmoat) (glucuronides of bilirubin and rhodamine, glutathione conjugate of bromsulphthalein) and of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) (rhodamine), respectively. Using the isolated perfused rat liver of control Wistar rats (TR+) and of a mutant strain (TR-) that expresses Pgp but not cmoat, we show that genistein effectively inhibits the secretion of anionic substrates of cmoat in Wistar rats but stimulates secretion of cationic rhodamine in TR-rats. Genistein is subject to glucuronidation and sulfatation and secretion of genistein and its metabolites stimulates bile flow in Wistar rats, but secretion is nearly absent in TR-rats. Because genistein and its metabolites are substrates for cmoat, inhibition of anion secretion by genistein is partially explained by competition for this transporter. Genistein is also a substrate of uridindiphosphate (UDP)-glucuronyltransferase isoenzyme(s). Inhibition of glucuronidation reduces the availability of bilirubin and rhodamine glucuronates for transport via cmoat, but unconjugated cationic rhodamine becomes available for transport via Pgp at an increased cellular concentration. Daidzein, a genistein analogue with no effect on protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) shows Similar effects on secretion of organic anions and cations supporting the conclusion that genistein affects transport in liver mainly through competition with other substrates at the sites of glucuronidation and transport via cmoat.
Major Munchausen
Authors: Harry V. Unfug
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This letter should alert physicians to another traveling Munchausen syndrome patient who gives a striking history. He is a cultured, intelligent, black man who gives his age as 47, his home as Boston, and has stated variously that he was a SAC pilot, a counterintelligence agent, shot down over Hanoi, etc. He entered Poudre Valley Memorial Hospital, Sept 26, 1974, giving a history of genitourinary pain and bleeding. An intravenous pyelogram visualized the right kidney, and the left kidney was absent. The patient received meperidine, 75 mg, three times and pentazocine 13 times. Hematuria was evidenced except when the patient was awakened in the middle of the night for a fresh specimen, which was clear. Nurses described him as restless and furtive particularly when urine was collected. When the suspicion of his attending physician was aroused, the patient suddenly checked out of the hospital (leaving a bill
A memorable decade in the history of neurology 1874-84. I.
Authors: J D Spillane
Journal: BMJ (1974)

One hundred years ago, in the space of a decade, the discoveries of three British physicians were of fundamental importance in the history of neurology.These men were David Ferrier, Richard Caton and J. L. W. Thudichum, pioneers in brain research-in cortical localization, electroencephalography, and brain chemis- try, respectively.The fame of the latter two, but not so of Ferrier, was entirely posthumous.When Caton died The Lan- cet' mentioned only his educational, civic, religious, classical, and archaeological activities.The British Medical Journal2 ventured only to say that "he did some original work on localization of movements in the cerebrum in the seventies."When Thudichum died the British Medical Journal3 thought that "his life-long labours in physio- logical chemistry do not appear to have borne adequate fruit.
Rubella in Bermuda. Termination of an epidemic by mass vaccination
Authors: R. G. Judelsohn
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Between March 29 and July 23, 1971, two hundred sixty cases of rubella occurred in Bermuda residents. Nearly three quarters of the patients were 10 years of age or older. Rash, low-grade fever, and adenopathy were characteristic; over 40% had joint discomfort. A serologic survey conducted in nursery, elementary, and secondary schools indicated that 65.5% of 296 children ages 4 through 18 years were susceptible to rubella. An island-wide rubella vaccination program was carried out from June 3 to July 9, reaching over 80% of elementary and nursery schoolchildren. Cessation of cases in elementary schoolchildren, followed shortly by termination of the entire epidemic, suggests that the vaccination program was successful in halting further spread of rubella and that rubella vaccine is an effective tool in controlling rubella epidemics.
PET imaging of brain macrophages using the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in a macaque model of neuroAIDS
Authors: Sriram Venneti, Brian J. Lopresti, Guoji Wang, Stephanie J. Bissel, Chester A. Mathis, Carolyn C. Meltzer, Fernando Boada, Saverio Capuano, Geraldine J. Kress, Denise K. Davis, James Ruszkiewicz, Ian J. Reynolds, Michael Murphey-Corb, Anita M. Trichel, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Clayton A. Wiley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

HIV infection in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques result in encephalitis in approximately one-quarter of infected individuals and is characterized by infiltration of the brain with infected and activated macrophages. 1-(2-chlorphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide (PK11195) is a ligand specific for the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor abundant on macrophages and is expressed in low levels in the noninfected brain. We hypothesized that positron-emission tomography (PET) with the carbon-11–labeled, R-enantiomer form of PK11195 ([11C](R)-PK11195) could image brain macrophages and hence the development of encephalitis in vivo. [11C](R)-PK11195 binding was assessed in the brain using PET in 11 SIV infected macaques, six of which showed increased binding in vivo. Postmortem examination of the brain in these six macaques demonstrated encephalitis, while macaques that did not show an increase in [11C](R)-PK11195 binding did not develop SIV encephalitis. Brain tissue from SIV encephalitic macaques also showed increased [3H](R)-PK11195 binding compared with binding in nonencephalitic macaques. Increased PK11195 binding in vivo and in postmortem brain tissue correlated with abundance of macrophages but not astrocytes. Our results suggest that PET [11C](R)-PK11195 imaging can detect the presence of macrophages in SIV encephalitis in vivo and may be useful to predict the development of HIV encephalitis and in studies of the pathogenesis and treatment of HIV dementia.
Coccidioidomycosis in a Three-Week-Old Infant
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal