tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insect Growth Regulators and Insect Control: A Critical Appraisal
Authors: J. B. Siddall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) of the juvenile hormone type alter physiological processes essential to insect development and appear to act specifically on insects. Three natural juvenile hormones have been found in insects but not in other organisms. Future use of antagonists or inhibitors of hormone synthesis may be technically possible as an advantageous extension of pest control by IGRs. A documented survey of the properties, metabolism, toxicology, and uses of the most commercially advanced chemical, methoprene, shows it to be environmentally acceptable and toxicologically innocuous. Derivation of its current use patterns is discussed and limitations on these are noted. Residue levels and their measurement in the ppb region have allowed exemption from the requirement of tolerances in the EPA registered use of methoprene for mosquito control. Tolerances for foods accompany its fully approved use for control of manure breeding flies through a cattle feed supplement. The human health effects of using this chemical appear to be purely beneficial, but further advances through new IGR chemicals appear unlikely without major changes in regulatory and legislative policy.
HGG-37. DETECTION OF IDH1 R132H MOSAICISM IN ANAPLASTIC ASTROCYTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Sulgi Lee, Miriam Bornhorst, Eshini Panditharatna, Madhuri Kambhamptai, Joyce Turner, Roger J Packer, Lindsay Kilburn, Javad Nazarian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Anaplastic astrocytomas are aggressive glial cancers that present poor prognosis and high recurrence. Heterozygous mutations in the IDH1 (R132H) gene are common in adult anaplastic astrocytomas, but are uncommon in the pediatric population. In a majority of cases, the IDH1 R132H mutation is somatic, although rare cases of anaplastic astrocytoma have been described in patients with mosaic germline mutations of IDH1 (Ollier disease or Maffucci syndrome). Here, we present two siblings who developed IDH1 R132H mutant high grade astrocytomas at 15 and 26 years of age. Our analysis of IDH1 R132H mutations in the siblings’ tumors and non-neoplastic tissues, including healthy regions of the brain (post-mortem samples from one sibling), cheek cells and primary teeth identified IDH1 R132H mosaicism, using digital PCR system. While both tumors had IDH1 R132H mutant allelic frequencies around 50%, mutant allelic frequencies ranging from 0.01% to 0.64% were detected in teeth, cheek cells, blood and non-tumorous brain tissue. Whole exome sequencing of the tumor tissue did not reveal any other common mutations between the two siblings. Our study demonstrates an example of IDH1 R132H mosaicism in two siblings with anaplastic astrocytoma, which could have gone unnoticed by traditional sequencing technologies. This finding supports a trend, seen in other cancers, of mosaic-like mutant allelic gene frequencies associated with cancer development. Further large-scale studies are needed to better understand the prevalence of mosaic IDH1, or other mutations, in patients with brain tumors, as this could impact the diagnosis and management of these patients.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
Authors: G. Fontaine, F. Fontaliran, J.L. Hébert, D. Chemla, O. Zenati, Y. Lecarpentier, R. Frank
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1999)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a new form of cardiomyopathy probably more frequent than commonly reported. It is a rare but important cause of sudden arrhythmic death in young, otherwise healthy persons, as well as a subtle cause of congestive heart failure. It may lead to temporary incapacitation with catastrophic consequences. Proper electrocardiographic criteria, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, or magnetic resonance imaging could identify most of these individuals. With the exception of full-thickness histological examination of the right ventricular free wall, contrast ventriculography remains the most definitive standard for a positive diagnosis. The wide clinical spectrum of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies/dysplasia appears to be the result of one or possibly two factors: (a) replacement of most of the right ventricular myocardium by fat and (b) genetic susceptibility to environmental agents (myocarditis). Current treatment modalities include drug therapy, catheter or surgical ablative techniques, and modern treatments of congestive heart failure. Heart transplant is exceptional. Implantable defibrillators, used alone or in combination with drug therapy, will probably play an increasing role in ARVD and related cardiomyopathies.
The semi-sitting position for pelvic examination
Authors: W. H. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Textbooks in obstetrics and gynecology routinely advocate the supine lithotomy position for pelvic examination. A study was designed to examine the degree to which the semi-sitting position (Figure) might influence relaxation of the abdominal muscles—and, therefore, the ease of palpation of the pelvic organs—and the degree of patient comfort during pelvic examination. The study was conducted at the Outpatient Clinics of the Universityof California, San Diego Medical Center. Eight examiners, four male, four female, with little or no prior experience with the semi-sitting position for pelvic examination, participated in the study. All patients to have a pelvic examination by one of the eight examiners had the bimanual portion of the pelvic examination performed in both the supine and the semisitting positions. Patients were randomized as to whether the supine or the semi-sitting examination was performed first,
Publications of Delbert Mauritz Bergenstal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Journal Article Publications of Delbert Mauritz Bergenstal Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 23, Issue 5, November 1959, Pages V–VI, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/23.5.V Published: 01 November 1959
Council on Medical Education American Medical Association 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-125 Rifaximin Treatment In Hepatic Encephalopathy (he) -– Marked Reduction In Hospital Admissions And Hospital Bed Day Occupancy In A District General Hospital
Authors: A Goel, N Patel, R Blackwell, S Crompton, KJ Moriarty
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Rifaximin is a minimally absorbed, gut-selective antibiotic, which is safe and effective in the prevention and treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE). However, it is expensive and there is debate regarding its cost effectiveness. <h3>Aim</h3> The present study examines the impact of Rifaximin treatment on hospital admissions and hospital bed day occupancy in patients with recurrent HE, due to chronic liver disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Medical records of all 30 hospital patients with HE, commenced on Rifaximin between November 2011 and May 2013, in a District General Hospital, were evaluated. Data were collected on patient demographics, MELD scores, number of hospital admissions, bed day occupancy for each admission, and concomitant therapy for HE. We compared the clinical features and diagnoses for the number of, and length of each hospital admission for the 6 months before, and 6 months after, commencing Rifaximin treatment. <h3>Results</h3> 30 patients with HE (18 men, 12 women), median age 64 (Inter-quartile range (IQR) 51–67), were commenced on Rifaximin. 83% had Alcohol-related liver disease, 10% NASH and 7% Hepatitis C. Median MELD score was 15.5 (IQR 13.5–21). All patients were prescribed lactulose. Of the 30 patients, 5 died within 6 months of commencing Rifaximin. One patient was discontinued, due to non-compliance. 24 patients were included in the final analysis. We compared the outcomes for the 6 months prior to, and the 6 months after commencing Rifaximin treatment. Median hospital admissions were reduced from 2 admissions (IQR 1–3, Range 1–5) to 1 admission (IQR 0–2, Range 0–4, Wilcoxon p &lt; 0.05). Median number of bed days was reduced from 27.5 (IQR 16.0–35.3, Range 2–129) to 2.5 (IQR 0–23.5, Range 0–55, Wilcoxon p &lt; 0.05). No patient developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in the 6 months after commencing Rifaximin. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our hospital, the basic cost of a hospital bed day is £300. A 6 month course of Rifaximin costs £1688. This study demonstrates that Rifaximin treatment in patients with HE, due to chronic liver disease, produced a marked reduction in hospital admissions and hospital bed day occupancy in a District General Hospital, with major cost savings and improved clinical outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Correction
Authors: Ellis Parkinson
Journal: BMJ (1951)

CORRESPONDENCEmuch comfort.There was obviously a defect in the wiring of the blanket, with the result that the patient was shorting through a heavy blanket, which was directly in contact with the parts affected and which was also touching the iron framework of the bed.The rash cleared completely when the electric blanket was banished.-Iam, etc., Weymouth.
Ototoxicity in children with high-risk neuroblastoma: Prevalence, risk factors, and concordance of grading scales—A report from the Children's Oncology Group (COG).
Authors: W. Landier, K. R. Knight, F. L. Wong, J. K. Lee, O. Thomas, H. Kim, S. G. Kreissman, M. L. Schmidt, L. Chen, W. B. London, S. Bhatia, J. G. Gurney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

9515 Background: Management of high-risk neuroblastoma relies on potentially ototoxic platinum-based therapy. In previous reports, the proportion of children with ototoxicity has ranged from 20-90%, with variability likely due to small samples and disparate grading scales. Currently there is no consensus regarding an optimal pediatric ototoxicity grading scale, and no reports of prevalence and risk factors for hearing loss (HL) in a large uniformly-treated cohort. We address these gaps using data from COG A3973. Methods: Audiologic testing (AT) was completed after cisplatin (up to 400 mg/m2: t1) and carboplatin (1700 mg/m2: t2). HL was graded independently by 2 investigators using 3 grading scales (Brock, Chang, CTCv3). Concordance between scales was evaluated by McNemar’s test, and risks for HL by logistic regression. Results: Of 334 evaluable patients, 56% were male; median age at diagnosis was 3.3 yrs; the most recent evaluable AT was done at t1 for 20% and t2 for 80%. Cohen’s kappa for inter-rater reliability was >0.95. HL was graded severe at t2 in 30% per Brock, 59% per Chang and 71% per CTCv3. In patients with hearing aids, HL was graded severe in 49% per Brock, 91% per Chang and 100% per CTCv3. Risk factors for severe HL included carboplatin conditioning and hospitalization for infection; scales were significantly discordant in detecting severe HL (p<.0001; Table). Conclusions: The study is the first to report conclusively that prevalence of severe hearing loss approaches 70% (CTCv3); risk is significantly increased after consolidation with carboplatin and hospitalization for infection; and the commonly-used Brock scale underestimates severe hearing loss, and should be used with caution in this setting. Scale Brock Chang CTCv3 Risk factors for severe hearing loss OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P OR 95% CI P Carboplatin (t2 vs t1) 3.2 1.1-9.8 0.04 3.7 1.7-8.0 0.001 3.8 1.7-8.6 0.002 Hospitalization for infection 5.1 1.7-14.9 0.004 2.2 1.1-4.5 0.02 1.8 0.9-3.7 0.1 % concordant pairs (compared with Brock) N/A 53%, p<.0001 48%, p<.0001 Controlled for race/ethnicity, sex, age at diagnosis, time from most recent platinum to AT, GFR at t2, chemotherapy dose reduction.
"Noninvasive"
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1983"Noninvasive"DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D., D.SC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-4-569_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Leighton and Goodenday's editorial on cardiac imaging (1) concisely marshals the evidence and lucidly presents the problem of cost-effectiveness in its current contexts. One may take exception, however, to labeling these techniques noninvasive. I know this is now common usage and the authors are correct that radionuclide angiography should be more reliable than "noninvasive" techniques. Yet, how can any technique be considered noninvasive that requires penetration of skin and blood vessels, injection of radioactive material, and radiation (from within outward) of body tissues? The "noninvasive" coinage, of course, is not the authors' fault but it is deplorable...Reference1. LEIGHTONGOODENDAY RL. Imaging the heart: is it cost-effective? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:119-20. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Cardiology St. Vincent Hospital Worcester, MA 01604 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1983Volume 99, Issue 4Page: 569-569KeywordsAngiographyBlood vessels Issue Published: 1 October 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Medical Register and Directory of the Indian Empire.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
You
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Total Homocysteine Lowering Treatment Among Coronary Artery Disease Patients in the Era of Folic Acid Fortified Cereal Grain Flour
Authors: Andrew G Bostom, Gintaras Liaugaudas, Paul F Jacques, Irwin H Rosenberg, Jacob Selhub
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P86 Background: The prevalence of both deficient plasma folate status, and elevated total (t) plasma levels of the putatively atherothrombotic amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), have been dramatically reduced since the recent advent of fortification of all enriched cereal grain flour products with physiological amounts (i.e., 140 μg/ 100 g flour) of folic acid. Against this new background fortification, we evaluated the tHcy-lowering efficacy of pharmacological dose, folic acid based B-vitamin supplementation among stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods and Results: Using a 2x2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 131 stable CAD patients (mean age 60.1 years; 29.8 % women) to folic acid 2.5 mg/d, riboflavin 5 mg/d, + B12 0.4 mg/d [ FA group] or FA placebo [PL] , ± B6 [ B6 group] 50 mg/d or B6 placebo[PL], for 12 weeks of treatment. All pre-treatment and final on-treatment analyte values were based on the average of two blood collections performed within 1-week. Geometric mean pre-treatment, on-treatment, and pre-treatment minus on-treatment change in (Δ) tHcy levels (μmol/L), were- FA, B6 (n=31): 8.7 (pre-), 7.4 (on-), Δ= -1.3; B6, PL (n=32): 8.7 (pre-), 9.1 (on-), Δ= + 0.4; FA, PL (n=34): 9.0 (pre-), 8.0 (on-), Δ= - 1.0; PL, PL (n=34): 8.4 (pre-), 8.5 (on-), Δ= + 0.1. ANCOVA adjusted for baseline tHcy levels revealed that the very modest (i.e., ∼ 1.0 μmol/L) reductions in fasting values afforded by the FA containing treatments were statistically significant (p &lt;0.05). Conclusions: In the era of cereal grain flour products fortified with physiological amounts of folic acid, stable CAD patients supplemented with high dose, folic acid containing B-vitamin regimens experience only very modest reductions in their mean plasma tHcy levels. These findings have important implications for the statistical power of clinical trials testing the hypothesis that tHcy-lowering treatment may reduce recurrent atherothrombotic event rates.
Influence of Short-Term Dietary Measures on Dioxin Concentrations in Human Milk
Authors: Hendrik J. Pluim, E. Rudy Boersma, Ilse Kramer, Kees Olie, Johannes W. van der Slikke, Janna G. Koppe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Breast-feeding may expose infants to high levels of toxic chlorinated dioxins. To diminish intake of these lipophilic compounds by the baby, two diets were tested for their ability to reduce concentrations of dioxins in human milk. The diets were a low-fat/high- carbohydrate/low-dioxin diet. (about 20% of energy intake derived from fat) and a high fat /low-carbohydrate/low-dioxin diet. These diets were tested in 16 and 18 breast-feeding women, respectively. The test diets were followed for 5 consecutive days in the fourth week after delivery. Milk was sampled before and at the end of the dietary regimen, and dioxin concentrations and fatty acid concentrations were determined. Despite significant influences of these diets on the fatty acid profiles, no significant influence on the dioxin concentrations in breast milk could be found. We conclude that short-term dietary measures will not reduce dioxin concentration in human milk.
THE FUNCTION OF BILE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Practice of Surgery
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal