tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Lowering Cholesterol Levels in Older Patients
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients15 May 2001Benefits of Lowering Cholesterol Levels in Older PatientsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-10-200105150-00003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Coronary heart disease is a major cause of death in middle-aged and older adults. Several factors, including a high blood cholesterol level, can increase a person's risk for this type of heart disease. Various diet and drug treatments can help lower cholesterol and reduce the risk for heart disease. For example, drug treatments that lower blood cholesterol levels can prevent heart attacks and deaths from coronary heart disease in middle-aged adults. How well these drug treatments work in older adults has not been clear, however.Why did the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Benefits of Pravastatin on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Older Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Are Equal to or Exceed Those Seen in Younger Patients: Results from the LIPID Trial.” It is in the 15 May 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 931-940). The authors are D Hunt, P Young, J Simes, W Hague, S Mann, D Owensby, G Lane, and A Tonkin, for the LIPID Investigators.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBenefits of Pravastatin on Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Older Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Are Equal to or Exceed Those Seen in Younger Patients: Results from the LIPID Trial David Hunt , Peta Young , John Simes , Wendy Hague , Stewart Mann , Dwain Owensby , Geoffrey Lane , Andrew Tonkin , and Metrics 15 May 2001Volume 134, Issue 10Page: I-4KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCholesterolCoronary heart diseaseDrugsElderlyHypercholesterolemiaIschemiaLipidsLongitudinal studiesMyocardial infarction ePublished: 15 May 2001 Issue Published: 15 May 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE "PERSONAL PHYSICIAN"
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: C. Teshima, J. Poley
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Exciting research with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was once again presented at this year’s Digestive Disease Week (DDW; 1 – 5 May 2010, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA). As in recent years, the ever-increasing trend of expanding EUS beyond a diagnostic tool to an interventional and therapeutic device has continued. However, considerable attention remains on the imaging and tissue sampling aspects of EUS, with much focus on methods to enhance these diagnostic capabilities. In this review, abstracts of particular interest for both diagnostic and therapeutic EUS have been identified and summarized.
Lead Toxicity: From Overt to Subclinical to Subtle Health Effects
Authors: Robert A. Goyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Although the toxicity of lead was recognized centuries ago, concern was restricted to overt symptoms: colic, encephalopathy, anemia, or renal disease. Two major reasons for lack of progress in restricting toxicity were that interest was limited to occupational exposures and there was lack of awareness of specific biochemical or metabolic effects. Identification of subclinical effects has been possible the last 15 or 20 years because of the development of sensitive measures to detect cognitive and behavioral changes that are not apparent clinically and because of methods to measure the reduced activity of heme enzymes. This progress was driven by basic and clinical research that resulted in a better understanding of cellular toxicology. The new awareness prompted the lowering of acceptable occupational exposures, as measured by blood lead from 80 to 40 to 60 micrograms/dL range, and the establishment of maximum recommended exposures in children to a blood lead level of 25 micrograms/dL. Lowering the lead content in gasoline has been accomplished by a nearly 50% decrease in average blood levels of persons in the United States (NHANES II data). Current research implicates lead as a contributing etiologic factor in a number of common diseases affecting large portions of the population such as subtle cognitive and neurological deficits, hypertension, congenital malformations, immunotoxicity, and deficits in growth and development. For each of these disorders there may be multiple etiologic factors; the scientific challenge is to develop sensitive methodology to detect the specific role of lead. Other potential subtle health effects include the influence of small amounts of lead on cell proliferation and lead as a cofactor in carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship between bacterial translocation and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in ascitic cirrhotic rats JM Llovet. R Bartolí. R Planas. M Jiménez. E Cabré. J Arnal. R Galimany. X Bertrán. V Ausina. MA Gassull. Gastroenterology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Dtps. Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. Badalona. Spain
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Miscellaneous III
Authors: S. R. Leal, J. M. Flores, V. Rivera, P. Camacho, J. Carnacho, F. Murillc, M. A. Ulibarrena, N. Sainz Pardo, J. J. Ballestero, V. Boado, J. C. Vergara, J. R. Iruretagoyena, A. Kindlund, C. Ponte, J. M. Valle, F. Cienfuegos, F. Payo, D. Sànchez, F. Palacios, M. Polo, A. Toval, J. Latour, J. Bonastre, J. S. Giner, V. Lòpez-Camps, M. Rodrìguez-Serra, L. Rosado, L. Dobrkovic, Lj. Georgievska, V. Spiroska, V. Borozanov, B. Miletić, L. Srbinovski, J. Canovas, D. Barja, A. Perez, P. Marco, J. Caturla, A. Espasa, J. Lucas, C. Voga, I. Žuran, B. Krivec, F. Skrabl-Močnik, R. Skale, P. Marzollo, P. Sebastiano, G. Benedini, A. Marchini, F. Bianchetti, A. Picchioni, G. Pedersini, J. M. Paylos, E. Lopez de Sa, B. Codero, J. M. Martinez, C. Saenz de la Calzada, B. Cordero, S. Barro, R. Ruiz, J. Lopez Escudcro, M. Sànchez, J. Hluchy, M. Wieczorek, G. V. Sabin, R. Ritz, H. P. Ledermann, F. Follath, J. -P. Alexander, B. Cambier, M. Kockx, L. Missault, J. Vandenbogaerde, Y. Taeymans, Ph. Van Cauwelaert, A. Guadagnucci, G. Vignali, V. Mondello, A. Rutili, H. Mariotti, A. Silla, M. Esteban, R. Alfayate, R. J. Cabello, Haibo Zhang, Jaan-Louis Vincent, U. Simeoni, P. Desprez, P. Meyer, M. Fischbach, J. Geisert, L. J. Sproat, T. J. J. Inglis, M. Weiss, A. Birkhahn, S. Mettler, M. Schneider, P. Wernet, H. Lemoine, R. G. Hulsebos, F. W. Beltman, D. Reis Miranda, I. J. de Jong, J. A. Haas, A. J. J. Woittiez, N. Spannbrucker, P. Braun, R. Kleinschmidt, H. Schulte-Witte, C. Scheuerlen, R. Lorenzo Torrent, M. Sànchez Palacios, J. Diaz Cremades, L. Fajardo Feo, P. Caballero Padròn, D. Guerrero Arrate, D. Gonzàlez Romero, F. Schneider, Ph. Lutun, I. Runge, A. Launoy, M. Hasselmann, J. D. Tempe, A. R. Moral, E. Tünbay, B. Ulusoy, N. Aksoy, A. Çevik, R. Inci, O. Demir, Jimènez J. Jinènez, Leyba C. Ortiz, Montero J. Garnacho, Perez M. Barros, Alarcon F. Ramila, Cordera J. Flores, Menendez E. Gonzalez, C. De La Cruz, A. Criado, L. Diaz, A. Seiz, P. L. Vidaur, J. R. Fraile, E. Crespo, L. Arcalfs, J. L. Hernàndez-Cardona, M. A. Sempere, E. Martin, A. Gutierrez, M. Diez, F. de la Torre, J. Picazo, D. Damaso, C. F. Mazarrtsa, A. R. Noriega, R. Cisterna, M. de la Rosa, N. Mirow, Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, M. T. Anglada, P. Taurà, J. Fuster, J. Bruix, L. Alvarez, E. Izquierdo, J. Beltràn
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Tratment of scleroderma patients with a scorbutic diet. Negative result
Authors: R. J. Lazarus
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Scleroderma is characterized by hyperplasia of collagen, a substance which may require vitamin C for its biosynthesis. Eleven patients were treated with a vitamin C-deficient diet in order to determine whether lack of this substance would impair collagen synthesis and consequently improve the lesions of scleroderma. None of the signs or symptoms of scleroderma improved in any of the patients. Impairment of collagen synthesis profound enough to improve the lesions of scleroderma may require vitamin C deficiency of greater duration and severity than reported here.
This Week in &lt;EMPH&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2001)

A Piece of My Mind"Even though she tries to hide her bare head under wigs and hats and colorful scarves, the pale, doughy face with neither eyebrows nor eyelashes brands her as a cancer patient."From "A Simple Song of Gratitude." SEE PAGE 1555 Medical News & PerspectivesAlthough computers inspire fear and loathing in many older people, Internet research firms say there is no doubt that seniors will increasingly be searching for health information on the Web, and innovative ways are needed to ease them online.
Necrotising fasciitis
Authors: Saiidy Hasham, Paolo Matteucci, Paul R W Stanley, Nick B Hart
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> While several studies have reported a link between the presence of gout and adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in the general population, none has addressed the question of whether the mortality risk of patients with gout is influenced by disease severity. <h3>Methods</h3> We applied survival analysis methodology to prospectively collected data on clinical and radiographic measures of disease severity and mortality in a specialty clinic based cohort of 706 patients with gout (1992–2008). Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated to assess the magnitude of excess mortality among patients with gout compared with the underlying general population. <h3>Results</h3> Mean follow-up was 47 months. Tophaceous deposition was present in 30.5% of patients; &gt;4 joints were involved in 34.6% of cases. Mean annual flare rate was 3.4. Arterial hypertension (41.2%), hyperlipidaemia (42.2%), diabetes mellitus (20.1%), renal function impairment (26.6%) and a previous CV event (25.3%) were recorded. 64 (9.1%) patients died, death being attributed to vascular causes in 38 (59%) patients. SMR for gout patients was 2.37 (95% CI 1.82 to 3.03), 1.57 (1.18 to 2.05) and 4.50 (2.06 to 8.54) overall, and in men and women, respectively. The presence of tophi and the highest baseline serum urate (SU) levels were independently associated with a higher risk of mortality, in addition to age, loop diuretic use and a history of a previous vascular event. In the multivariable survival regression models, with time varying covariates, the presence of tophi remained a significant mortality risk after adjustment for baseline SU levels (1.98; 1.24 to 3.20). <h3>Conclusions</h3> High baseline SU level and the presence of subcutaneous tophi were both associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with gout, in most cases attributed to a CV cause. This suggests a plausible pathophysiological link between greater total body urate load and CV disease.
ALCOHOLIC COMA, ON THE STREET.
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Metabolic Factors, Race-Ethnicity, and Sex on the Development of Nephropathy in Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY Study
Authors: Petter Bjornstad, Laure El ghormli, Kara S. Hughan, Lori M. Laffel, Kristen J. Nadeau, Maria Rayas, Bereket Tesfaldet, Sherida E. Tollefsen, Steven M. Willi, Jane Lynch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2021)

OBJECTIVE To describe the longitudinal effects of sex, race-ethnicity, and metabolic factors on the risk of developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by serum creatinine and cystatin C were assessed annually for up to 15 years after study entry. Markers of DKD included micro- and macroalbuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g and ≥300 mg/g, respectively), hyperfiltration (eGFR ≥135 mL/min/1.73 m2), and rapid eGFR annual decline (&amp;gt;3 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or ≥3.3%). The relationships between risk factors and DKD were evaluated longitudinally using time-to-event models. RESULTS Data were available on 677 participants, average age at baseline 14 years, with a mean ± SD follow-up of 10.2 ± 4.5 years. Each 1% increment in HbA1c conferred higher risk of microalbuminuria (hazard ratio 1.24 [95% CI 1.18, 1.30]), macroalbuminuria (1.22, [1.11, 1.34]), hyperfiltration (1.11, [1.05, 1.17]), and rapid eGFR decline (1.12, [1.04, 1.20]). No sex or race-ethnicity differences were observed for the 14-year cumulative incidence of elevated albuminuria. Higher systolic blood pressure and baseline serum uric acid, and lower indices of β-cell function (C-peptide index and oral disposition index [oDI]), increased the risk of microalbuminuria, while higher triglycerides increased risk of micro- and macroalbuminuria. Lower oDI levels, female sex, and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with higher risk of hyperfiltration. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HbA1c was a shared risk factor among all phenotypes of DKD in this longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Other risk factors included elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, serum uric acid, and β-cell dysfunction.
PTH-074 Drug therapies in ulcerative colitis influence the expression of micrornas and cytokines in the sigmoid mucosa in an<i>ex vivo</i>model
Authors: SR Whiteoak, T Sanchez-Elsner, JF Cummings
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> UC is thought to be characterised by a TH-2 predominant immune response. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short 19–23 nucleotide long strands of single-stranded RNA which modify post transcriptional gene expression by degrading or inhibiting translation of mRNA. miR31 and miR155 are miRNA that directly and indirectly target genes in the IL-13 dependant pathway. Confounding factors in current IBD miRNA studies include disease activity and medication. The specific function of miRNAs in UC, how they might be influenced by medications, and potential clinical utility is yet to be investigated. In this study we aim to investigate how the expression of a number of miRNA and mRNA is influenced by medications and then explore these findings further using a human ex-vivo culture system. <h3>Method</h3> Sigmoid biopsies from 40 patients with untreated active and inactive UC, normal controls, and patients treated with 5-ASA, Azathioprine, Infliximab and Adalimumab were frozen in liquid nitrogen. RT-qPCR was performed to analyse the relative expression of miRNA and mRNA. An <i>ex vivo</i>model was designed. 6 biopsies were taken from 8 patients with active untreated UC, with a Mayo score of 6 or greater. Biopsies were placed in tissue culture media in 6 separate wells with either no treatment, 5-ASA, 6-TG, Infliximab, or Adalimumab, were incubated for 24hrs at 37<sup>o</sup>C. RT-qPCR was performed to assess expression of miR31 and miR155 and mRNA of CCL18 and SOCS1 that are important in the TH-2 pathway. <h3>Results</h3> miR31 and miR155 expression was increased in patients with untreated active and inactive UC compared to normal mucosa. CCL18 expression was also increased in untreated active disease compared to inactive and normal mucosa. Azathioprine reduced miR31, miR155 and CCL18 expression to levels seen in quiescent disease. Infliximab treatment reduced miR155, and CCL18 expression to that of inactive disease, which was not seen in Adalimumab. Anti-TNFs did not reduce miR31 expression to the level of untreated inactive disease. 5ASAs had no impact on expression of the miRNA nor mRNA studied. <i>Ex vivo</i>treated samples confirmed down regulation of miR31 was confined to 6-TG and not seen in anti-TNF treatment, and that CCL18 expression is also reduced by 6-TG and Infliximab, but not Adalimumab. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data confirmed that miR31 miR155 and CCL18 are increased in active UC compared to normal mucosa and inactive disease. We demonstrate that thiopurine therapy reduces expression of miR31 and CCl18 in contrast to anti-TNF agents. This model may have utility in increasing understanding of the mechanisms of action of IBD medications. It highlights the importance of controlling for medication when analysing miRNA expression in whole tissue biopsies. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
The Taj
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Onychectomy
Authors: K. P. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A method which has been very successful for me has consisted of making an incision completely around the nail, carrying the incision deeply enough to remove the nail and the matrix in toto. The distal half of the phalanx is removed, smoothing the new bony surface, folding back the flap above the phalanx and suturing, shortening the toe by three eighths to one half of an inch.
Use of Photoproteins as Intracellular Calcium Indicators
Authors: John R. Blinks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The calcium-regulated photoproteins, of which aequorin is the best known, continue to be one of the most useful groups of intracellular Ca2+ indicators. They are self-contained bioluminescent systems that emit blue light in the presence of Ca2+ ions, can readily be purified intact, and are nontoxic when introduced into foreign cells. They have been used successfully as Ca2+ indicators in almost every kind of cell, but are most widely used in muscle cells because of their relative freedom from motion artifacts. Photoproteins have also been used in conjunction with microscopic image intensification to localize Ca2+ in cells. Their large molecular size makes them difficult to introduce into cells, but once there, they have the advantage of staying in the cytoplasm. Aequorin can be microinjected satisfactorily into single cells of almost any size, but a number of alternative methods for introducing photoproteins into cells have been developed in recent years. Disadvantages of the photoproteins for some applications include the nonlinear relation between [Ca2+] and light intensity, the modest speed with which they respond to sudden changes in [Ca2+], and the fact the Mg2+ antagonizes the effect of Ca2+. Native photoproteins consist of a mixture of isospecies, and there are differences in Ca2+ sensitivity and in kinetic properties--both among photoproteins and among the isospecies of a given photoprotein. The genes for several of the isospecies of aequorin have been cloned and expressed in E. coli. It seems reasonable to hope that genetic engineering techniques may soon make it possible to consider using, as Ca2+ indicators, rare isospecies or rare photoproteins that have optimal properties for particular applications.