tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IONIC MEDICATION
Authors: C. E. de Silva
Journal: BMJ (1923)

Complex behaviors are often driven by an internal model, which integrates sensory information over time and facilitates long-term planning to reach subjective goals. We interpret behavioral data by assuming an agent behaves rationally — that is, they take actions that optimize their subjective reward according to their understanding of the task and its relevant causal variables. We apply a new method, Inverse Rational Control (IRC), to learn an agent’s internal model and reward function by maximizing the likelihood of its measured sensory observations and actions. This thereby extracts rational and interpretable thoughts of the agent from its behavior. We also provide a framework for interpreting encoding, recoding and decoding of neural data in light of this rational model for behavior. When applied to behavioral and neural data from simulated agents performing suboptimally on a naturalistic foraging task, this method successfully recovers their internal model and reward function, as well as the computational dynamics within the neural manifold that represents the task. This work lays a foundation for discovering how the brain represents and computes with dynamic beliefs.
A Phase II Study of Bortezomib (Velcade®), Cylophosphamide (Cytoxan®), Thalidomide (Thalomid®) and Dexamethasone as First-Line Therapy for Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Sundar Jagannath, Bill Bensinger, Robert Vescio, Elber Camacho, Jeffrey Wolf, David Irwin, Gerardo Capo, Marti McKinley, David H. Vesole, Amitabha Mazumder, John Crowley, Dixie Esseltine, Brian Durie
Journal: Blood (2007)
Preliminary Report on the Reliability of Fukuda's Stepping Test
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIV infection in Cuba
Authors: A. M. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the countries that make up the island of Hispaniola has received attention inTHE JOURNALrecently.<sup>1</sup>In 1987, a study on the rates of infection in the Dominican Republic shed light on both the Dominican and the Haitian populations. Cuba recently has released data on HIV serology that suggest that 0.02% of Cubans are infected (<i>Miami Herald</i>, April 19, 1987, p 22A). Our health surveillance studies, however, carried out on newly arrived refugees, suggest a much higher rate of HIV infection in Cubans. Out of 990 randomly selected blood samples collected in 1980, twenty were positive for HIV infection (2.02%).<sup>2</sup>Considering that Cuba has a rather sophisticated public health system, the reason for this discrepancy is not entirely clear. For 1986, the rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Haiti and the Dominican Republic were 88
Papaveretum in women of childbearing potential.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The questionnaire showed that a wide range of alternative opioids had been used to replace papaveretum, of which morphine sulphate was the most common.A second postal questionnaire to 15 district hospital pharmacies in the Wessex region confirmed this.The recommendations have received almost uniform acceptance, as befits guidelines from a national body regulating drug safety.As the guidelines have necessitated a change in clinical practice, however, many anaesthetists considered that wider dissemination of the evidence that had been valuated was needed.
Tourist hepatitis.
Authors: A S Meltzer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

These data show that a high prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in Sardinian men is associated with duodenal ulcer and suggests that this deficiency may be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of the disease.This association is difficult to interpret and in any case our findings should be compared with data from other countries where the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency is similar to that found in Sardinia.
Comparisons of therapeutic effects of levodopa, levodopa and selegiline, and bromocriptine in patients with early, mild Parkinson's disease: three year interim report. Parkinson's Disease Research Group in the United Kingdom.
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the optimum treatment for early Parkinson's disease. DESIGN--An open, long term, prospective randomised trial conducted by the Parkinson's Disease Research Group of the United Kingdom. SETTING--93 hospitals throughout the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS--782 patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving dopaminergic treatment. INTERVENTIONS--Patients allocated to treatment with levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitor alone (arm 1), levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor/selegiline in combination (arm 2), or bromocriptine (arm 3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Disability assessment as judged by improvement on Hoehn and Yahr, modified Webster, and North Western University disability scales. Adverse event profile and mortality ratios. RESULTS--Interim results indicate that all three treatment regimens led to improvement in baseline disabilities after 12 months' treatment and that deterioration in control was apparent by three years. No significant differences were found between the results of treatment in arm 1 and arm 2, but both were significantly more effective than bromocriptine (arm 3) and had fewer early adverse reactions. The adjusted difference (95% confidence interval) in Webster rating for arm 3 v 1 was 0.93 points (0.27 to 1.50; p = 0.0058) and for arm 3 v 2 was 1.25 points (0.61 to 1.89; p = 0.0002). The incidence of dyskinesias and motor oscillations, however, was significantly lower in arm 3 (2% and 5%, respectively) than in arm 1 (27% and 33%, respectively) and arm 2 (34% and 35%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS--As there were no marked differences in functional improvement between the three groups the choice of treatment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease may not be critical.
Galen's Career
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sublingual Antigens
Authors: Lawrence D. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The following is an answer to questions regarding sublingual antigen therapy that have recently appeared in two publications. The first question was inThe Journal(<b>215</b>:2120, 1971), and the second in<i>Letters of the International Correspondence Society of Allergists</i>(<b>34</b>:51, 1971). French Hansel, so far as I know, was the first (1945) to employ and teach the use of sublingual antigen. In 1963, I learned this technique from Guy O. Pffeiffer, a student of Hansel. My contribution was the application of the 1:5 serial dilution titration technique and the concept of optimal dosage in formulating sublingual antigen therapy. From October 1963 to May 1971 in our office, 1,356 patients have been treated with over 15,000 individual sublingual antigen prescriptions. During 1962 and most of 1963, injection treatment was used. I was disturbed by the number of patients who discontinued or interrupted their injection therapy. I
Arthritis patients get long-term help from total lymphoid irradiation
Authors: M. Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI)—a technique developed at Stanford University Medical Center, California, originally for treatment of stage III Hodgkin's disease—is yielding such "encouraging" results in patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis that its application to a broader range of autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation is now being investigated. In a keynote address at the recent meeting of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists (ASTR) in Orlando, Fla, Henry S. Kaplan, MD, director of the Cancer Biology Research Laboratory at Stanford, said that although use of TLI for autoimmune disease is still very much investigational, it would appear, "based on our limited experience so far, that this will become a new treatment for patients with very far advanced and crippling autoimmune disease." Still, he emphasized the experimental nature of this work, telling the audience: "We would be quite alarmed if there were any widespread move to adopt this as a treatment for
Rhinofacial Entomophthoromycosis
Authors: Cunwei Cao, Jazeer A Khader
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

An immunocompetent 22-year-old man presented to the dermatology clinic with a 3-month history of rhinofacial swelling. Histopathological examination revealed fungal elements consistent with rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis.
The Wilson disease gene is a copper transporting ATPase with homology to the Menkes disease gene Tanzi RE, Petrukhin K, Chernov I, Pellequer JL, Wasco W, Ross B, Ramano DM, Parano E, Pavone L, Brzustowicz LM, Devoto M, Peppercorn J, Bush AI, Sternlieb I, Pirastu M, Gusella JF, Evgrafov O, Penchaszadeh GK, Honig B, Edelman IS, Soares MB, Scheinberg IH, Gilliam TC. Nature Genet 1993;5:344–350
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
Premedication for Hypotensive Anaesthesia
Authors: P. J. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Disappearance Of L-Dopa SIR,-Since your leading article (24 June 1967, p. 783) on the successful use of dopa in the treatment of Parkinsonism, as pre- viously reported in the New England fournal of Medicine,' there have been other reports of the efficiency of this mode of treatment.It has been glowingly reported by Alistair Cooke in the Guardian (3 February 1969) and splashed across the pages of Life maga- zine (11 October 1968).A controlled trial has recently been done in this country in post- encephalitic Parkinsonism and confirms the usefulness of the drug.' Unfortunately this drug has always been very difficult to obtain in this country, and in the last few months it has virtually dis- appeared.This is a disgraceful situation that is hard for a doctor to understand, but it seems to be based on the apathy of some drug houses and curious take-over activities behind the scenes, somewhat reminiscent of the Third Man, by others.Is it not time that the British pharmaceutical industry was mobilized to serve a pressing need ?-I am, etc.,
Hyperglycemia among hospitalized cancer patients with co-existing diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Nina J. Karlin, Meng-Ru Cheng, Janna Castro, Curtiss B. Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17571 Background: Effective management of hyperglycemia in inpatients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is standard of care. Studies examining care of hospitalized patients with DM have not addressed persons with co-existing cancer. Information is needed on whether inpatient management of hyperglycemia needs to be modified according to the type of malignancy and whether standards are being met. Methods: An analysis was conducted of patients with a new solid organ malignancy hospitalized from 2009 − 2011. The data set was linked with electronic records to retrieve patients with DM and point-of-care blood glucose (POC-BG) and insulin therapy data. Multivariable GEE models determined the association between cancer type and hyperglycemia after controlling for length of stay, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the mean POC-BG during the first 24 hours of the hospital stay (F24hBedGlucavg), sex, race, steroid use, and insulin use. Insulin administration was classified as “basal-bolus” if a long and rapid acting regimen was administered, or “bolus” if only a rapid acting was employed. Results: There were 443 patients with 914 hospitalizations; median age was 67 years, 71% were men and 87% were white. Cancer types included prostate (12%), liver (11.6%), lung (10.6%), kidney (9.5%), pancreas (9.2%), bladder (7.4%), breast (5.4%), colorectal (4.5%), and gynecologic (3.9%). After adjusting for other variables, there was no association between cancer type and the frequency of hyperglycemic values > 180 mg/dL (P = .79). However, increasing HbA1c, (ß = 2.7, P = 0.0005), F24hBedGlucavg (ß = .27, p < 0.01), and insulin administration (ß = 10.2, P < 0.01) were all associated with increasing frequency of hyperglycemia. Despite having DM, POC-BG monitoring was not performed in 12% of hospitalizations. Recommended basal-bolus insulin therapy was not administered to persons with the most frequent hyperglycemia, with 44% receiving bolus insulin only or no insulin at all. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia management does not need to take into consideration the type of solid organ malignancy, but in many cases standards of inpatient care were not met. This information will help to develop quality improvement projects to improve inpatient care of DM patients with cancer.
Recurrent Virus Meningitis
Authors: J. P. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1970)

NMICA JOUMUNL uria (Meyer-Betz, 1911) and an association with alcohol overlooked or regarded as incidental.For example, Elek and Anderson (1953) described "paroxysmal paralytic myoglobinuria" in a woman after the ingestion of a "few gins," and more recently Schutta et al. (1969) reported the cases of three patients with "paroxysmal idiopathic myoglobinuria," all of whom were heavy drinkers.So far as we are aware the above is the first example of the condition described in this country, but it seems possible that myopathy due to alcohol may be commoner than is generally realized, and a history of alcoholism in patients with a neuro- muscular disorder should be considered as of possible aetio- logical significance.We wish to thank Dr.
Upregulation of TRAF-3 by shear stress blocks CD40-mediated endothelial activation
Authors: Carmen Urbich, Ziad Mallat, Alain Tedgui, Matthias Clauss, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large arteries that is initiated through the activation of endothelium by proinflammatory mediators. CD40 receptor stimulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. One of the most important atheroprotective stimuli is the viscous drag (shear stress) generated by the streaming blood acting on the endothelial monolayer. Here, we demonstrate that shear stress prevents CD40 ligand-induced endothelial cell activation, and we identify upregulation of TNF receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF-3) as a potent CD40-inhibitory mechanism. Shear stress specifically upregulates TRAF-3 in cultured endothelial cells. Moreover, in the endothelial cells overlying human atherosclerotic plaques, TRAF-3 expression is upregulated in areas with high shear stress. Overexpression of TRAF-3 inhibits endothelial expression of proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor and blocks DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor AP-1; it thereby prevents CD40-induced endothelial activation. Thus, upregulation of TRAF-3 represents a novel mechanism for preserving the functional integrity of the endothelial monolayer.
Transvaginal ultrasonography.
Authors: V. Green
Journal: BMJ (1992)

whether any otorrhoea had occurred.No attempt was made to correlate the otorrhoea to swimming activity or upper respiratory infection.We studied 210 children (mean age 6 years).At the beginning of the summer the tubes had been in place for a mean of six months (range one to 24 months).Purulent discharge developed in 40 patients, 20 of whom had not been swimming.The incidence of otorrhoea was lower in the 142 children who had swum during the summer (13'S,) than in the 68 children who had not (31 %) (p=0-005, X2 test).The incidence of infection in the group who had not swum was not significantly different from that in the 27 children who had swum one to five times (33%) but was significantly higher than that in the 41 children who had gone swimming six to 20 times (12%, p=0 01) and in the 71 children who had gone swimming more than 20 times (7%, p<0-001).Our conclusions are the same as those ofPringle': children with grommets should be allowed to swim.Penetration of water into the ear canal is not the main factor leading to otorrhoea in patients with grommets.
Reply
Authors: R N Lonsdale
Journal: Gut (1993)

Letters the appreciable differences seen in the results.The studies of Lauritsen et al, with faecal dialysates reflect only the intraluminal concen- trations but provide no information about the intramucosal concentrations.The information that results from both types of studies, how- ever, can be complementary.Finally, we totally agree that the very low mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA after Salazopyrin supports the hypothesis that Salazopyrin has pharmocological properties that are different from those of 5-ASA and contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.
1052. In Vivo Repopulation Ability of Genetically Corrected Bone Marrow Cells from Fanconi Anemia Patients
Authors: Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, Bruno Peault, Cécile Bauche, Marie-Thérèse Daniel, Ibrahim Casal, Vincent Levy, Jean Dausset, Michel Boiron, Christian Auclair, Eliane Gluckman, Michel Marty
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited genomic instability syndrome, representing one of the best examples of hematopoietic stem cell deficiency. Although FA might be an excellent candidate forbone marrow (BM) genetic correction ex vivo, knockout animal models are not sufficient to guide preclinical steps and gene therapy attempts have proven disappointing so far. Contributing to these poor results is a characteristic and dramatic early BM cells die-off when placed in culture. We show here that human primary FA BM cell survival can be ameliorated by using specific culture conditions that limit oxidative stress. When coupled with retrovirus-mediated transfer of the main complementation group FANCA-cDNA, we could achieve long-term reconstitution of the stem cell compartment both in vitro and in vivo. Gene-corrected BM cultures grew for over 120 days and following cultured cell transplantation into NOD/ SCID mice, clonogenic human cells carrying the FANCA transgene could be detected six months after transduction. By comparison, untransduced cells died in culture by 15 days. Of necessity for ethical reasons, experiments were conducted on a very limited number of primary BM cells. Using low cytokine regimen and conditions matching regulatory requirements, a contingent of gene-corrected cells slowly emerges with an unmet potential for in vivo engraftment. Future therapeutic applications of stem cells might be expanding from these data. In addition, we provide a unique model of gene-corrected human primary cell growth which carries potential to better delineate the combined role of both DNA-damage and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of FA.
LOADING THE DICE
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Factors Involved in the Cytotoxicity of UICC Amosite towards Macrophages
Authors: Reginald Davies, D. Melvyn Griffiths, Alan W. Preece
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The cytotoxicity of various ball-milled UICC amosite samples toward mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was examined. On increased ball milling, the cytotoxicity of the amosite samples fell. This decreased biological activity seemed to correlate best with number of fibers longer than 4 micron/micrograms dust, rather than total number of fibers or the electrophoretic mobility of the amosite samples.
Medical Art Award Winners
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal