tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Areas with High Nitrate Concentrations in Drinking Water
Authors: Sunil Kumar Gupta, R. C. Gupta, A. B. Gupta, A. K. Seth, J. K. Bassin, Alka Gupta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A review of the literature indicated an association among high nitrate ingestion, methemoglobinemia, and pathologic changes in bronchi and lung parenchyma. The present study examined a possible correlation among drinking water nitrate concentration, methemoglobin levels, cytochrome b(5) reductase activity, and acute respiratory tract infection with a history of recurrence (RRTI). Our study was conducted in five village units in the state of Rajasthan, India, with nitrate concentrations of 26, 45, 95, 222, and 459 mg NO(3) ion/L. We randomly selected 88 children. The children were up to 8 years of age, age matched, and represented 10% of the total population of these areas. We obtained detailed RRTI histories and conducted medical examinations. Methemoglobin levels and cytochrome b(5) reductase activity were estimated biochemically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using spreadsheet software on a personal computer. We observed strong interdependence between methemoglobin levels and RRTI in children up to 8 years of age. Methemoglobin levels alone explained 80% of the variation in the RRTI cases. This study indicates that methemoglobinemia, secondary to high nitrate ingestion in drinking water, causes RRTI. Increased production of methemoglobin and free radicals of nitric oxide and oxygen due to nitrate metabolism in the body lead to alveolar damage and mismatching of ventilation and perfusion, which may be the reason for high mortality in children due to RRTI.
Systemic hypotension and diuresis by -arginine in cirrhotic patients with ascites: Role of nitric oxide
Authors: K TAJIRI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To investigate the role of nitric oxide in renal function and hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with ascites, l-arginine (30 g in 300 mL of distilled water), a substrate for nitric oxide synthase, was infused into six cirrhotic patients with ascites, and the effects were compared with those of saline infusion. Healthy controls (n = 5) were also studied under the same conditions. In the patients, l-arginine infusion significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures while markedly increasing urinary flow and urinary sodium excretion; no significant changes were seen with saline infusion. In controls, only diastolic blood pressure was decreased by l-arginine infusion, whereas urinary flow and urinary sodium excretion were increased by both l-arginine and saline infusion. In both groups, a similar increase of plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was seen with l-arginine and saline infusions; endotheline and catecholamines were not affected by either infusion. In both groups, plasma levels of vasopressin were increased by l-arginine infusion. In the cirrhotic patients, urinary excretions of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and nitrates/nitrites (NOx) were significantly increased by l-arginine infusion, whereas no significant changes were seen with saline infusion. In controls, only the excretion of cGMP was increased by l-arginine infusion. In summary, l-arginine infusion induces diuresis and natriuresis accompanied by increased excretions of cGMP and NOx in cirrhotic patients with ascites. This differs from the response in controls, where the increase in urinary sodium excretion is not accompanied by an increase in markers of increased nitric oxide synthesis.
Therapeutic Pancreatic Endoscopy
Authors: H. Neuhaus
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Pharmacological treatment and/or temporary pancreatic stenting can reduce the risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Potential candidates are patients who are at high risk for this complication. Extensive diagnostic work-up is needed for patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis before treatment can be planned. Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy or temporary stenting, or both, appear to be beneficial in idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis. Short-term stent placement in the dorsal duct, with or without papillotomy of the minor papilla, is a promising approach in patients with symptomatic pancreas divisum, particularly if it is associated with acute recurrent pancreatitis. Endoscopic treatment of chronic obstructive pancreatitis is technically effective and safe, but the indication remains controversial, mainly due to a lack of controlled trials. Endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses is very effective, and should be considered as a primary approach in symptomatic patients. The endoscopic ultrasonography-guided technique extends the options for obtaining access to fluid collections in difficult locations, and may further increase the safety of the procedure. Many of these procedures are technically demanding, and should be restricted to high-volume centers; there is a continuing need for further evaluation and comparison with alternative strategies.
Crisis in drug evaluation
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventricular Fusion Beats
Authors: Yu-Chen Lee
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the presence of complete atrioventricular (AV) block, the ventricles may be stimulated by two idioventricular pacemakers. When these pacemakers compete with each other, the ventricles may be under the simultaneous control of both pacemakers. Such ventricular beat is called a ventricular fusion beat.<sup>1</sup>The QRS complex of the fusion beat shows a contour intermediate between the two principal QRS contours of the idioventricular origin. The appearance of the ventricular fusion beats will depend on the amount of ventricular muscle controlled by each pacemaker. The example described in this report was observed in a 51-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital because of complete AV block resistant to drug therapy. On admission the electrocardiogram revealed complete AV block with idioventricular rhythm. The atrial rate was 92 beats per minute; the ventricular rate was 30 per minute. The contour of the QRS complexes was uniformly that
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFAREMassive Pulmonary Edema Caused by Excessive Administration of EpinephrineA twenty-seven-year-old registered nurse, a gravida II, para I, had had a classic cesarean section sixteen months previously by the present surgeon for cephalopelvic disproportion after a failed test of labor. She then moved to a distant city, reappearing two and a half weeks before term to request a repeat cesarean section from the same surgeon. She stated that she had been under a doctor's care, and that her pregnancy had been normal. The surgeon took her blood pressure but made no other test or examination, accepting . . .
Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: William G. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the case reported by Crehan et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>181</b>:727, 1962), it is again demonstrated that ventricular tachycardia may be successfully terminated and reversed to normal sinus rhythm by external electrical countershock. This patient was particularly suited for this form of therapy because he was in the operating room and anesthetized. However, the application of external electrical countershock is not a benign procedure and requires general anesthesia, as stated in the report. In the case reported, lack of response to drug therapy in a critically ill patient was given as the reason justifying this mode of therapy; it does not appear that this criterion was satisfied. One hundred and eighty milligrams of quinidine gluconate was given over a period of 30 min (6 mg/min), and 200 mg of procainamide over a period of 75 min (2.7 mg/min). Both total dosage and the rate of administration of
Gallbladder sludge: Spontaneous course and incidence of complications in patients without stones
Authors: P Janowitz
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Although the ultrasonic detection of gallbladder sludge is relatively frequent, its clinical importance remains unclear, partly because of the paucity of reliable investigations regarding its natural course in patients without stones. In a retrospective study we investigated the course and clinical significance of gallbladder sludge in patients without stones or other identified gallbladder abnormalities. The diagnosis of gallbladder sludge was made by ultrasound scan in 286 (1.7%) of 17,021 patients. The mean follow-up period for these patients was 20.3 ± 11.5 mo. Of this group 56 patients were without both stones and sludge at the initial examination, and gallbladder sludge developed after a mean observation period of 11.2 ± 10.6 mo. Within 2.0 ± 3.5 mo after sludge detection, 40 (71.4%) patients were free of sludge and showed normal gallbladder findings. Gallbladder stones without sludge persistence developed in five patients (8.9%) within 2.5 ± 0.6 mo after diagnosis of sludge, and gallstones with persistence of sludge developed in two other patients (3.6%) after 6.1 and 30.7 mo, respectively. In no cases did the stones become clinically symptomatic in the course of the follow-up period. Acute acalculous cholecystitis developed in four patients (7.1%) from 6.5 to 37.5 mo after the first examination. In five patients, sludge persisted after a mean 22.3 ± 13.5 mo of follow-up. Although our data show that gallbladder sludge disappeared spontaneously within a relatively short time in 71.4% of patients, gallbladder sludge must be considered an important pathologic entity because gallbladder stones or complications such as acute cholecystitis occurred in 19.6% of patients. It remains for prospective studies to investigate whether therapy of gallbladder sludge may reduce the incidence of complications, particularly the development of gallstones and acute cholecystitis. We were not able to observe acute pancreatitis at least for the first year after sludge development. (Hepatology 1994;20:291–294.)
Journal Irish Medical Association, Dublin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Poster Session 3: Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Abhijeet Waghray, Nisheet Waghray, Annette Kyprianou, Narayanan Menon, Corina Cotoi, Peter Clayton, Alberto Quaglia, A Knisely, Nicole Toney, Robert Squires, Steven Belle, Regina Hardison, Michael Bell
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Bile salt export pump (BSEP) is the principal exporter of bile salts (BiS) from hepatocyte cytoplasm.It is expressed at the canalicular / apical aspect of hepatocytes and of well-differentiated (WD) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.Immunohistochemically demonstrable BSEP expression (IDBE) begins in the early second trimester.WD epithelial hepatoblastoma (HB) cells resemble relatively mature, polarised hepatocytes.They lack IDBE.Absence of hepatocellular IDBE is associated with cytoplasmic rarefaction, cholestasis, and inflammation, ascribed to injury caused by retained BiS.These changes are not found in HB cells.We hypothesised that HB cells might export BiS by basolateral routes, or not synthesise (or conjugate) bile acids (BiA), or not take BiS or BiA up from plasma, and that in some combination this underlay the absence of histopathologic features of BiS injury despite lack of IDBE.To test this, we retrieved paired samples of banked snap-frozen HB and non-lesional HB background liver (BL) -n=9, paediatric non-fibrolamellar WD HCC and non-lesional BL -n=6, and adult WD HCC and non-lesional BL -n=9; viz., 24 sample pairs in 3 cohorts.We extracted RNA and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques to measure expression of BSEP and other canalicular transporters, of enzymes subserving BiA synthesis and conjugation, and of basolateral BiA and BiS uptake and efflux transporters (22 genes in all), using relative quantification and normalising expression against data for 3 reference genes.Statistical significance of differences within cohorts between tumoural tissue and BL and, across cohorts, between HB and HCC was assessed by Mann-Whitney rank sum testing.Genes expressed differently of note (all statistically significant, p < at most 0.011) included ABCB11, encoding BSEP (13-fold, HB < HBBL; 12.6-fold, HB < PHCC; 16.9-fold, HB < AHCC), SLC10A, encoding the basolateral BiA uptake pump Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (13.6-fold,HB < HBBL; 6.4-fold, HB < PHCC / AHCC), and AKR1D1, encoding an enzyme active early in BiA synthesis, delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase (20-fold, HB > HBBL).Expression of genes encoding other participants in BiA synthesis and conjugation and in BiS basolateral efflux did not differ significantly within or across cohorts.Our findings suggest that in HB cells lack of BiA uptake and, perhaps, lack of primary BiA synthesis may underlie lack of IDBE.These features must be accounted for in models of HB biology and may provide clinical tools, such as immunostaining for BSEP, useful in distinction between HCC and pleomorphic or macrotrabecular HB.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: KARL E. ANDERSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1981Acute Intermittent PorphyriaKARL E. ANDERSON, M.D., SHIGERU SASSA, M.D., ATTALLAH KAPPAS, M.D.KARL E. ANDERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SHIGERU SASSA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ATTALLAH KAPPAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-6-784 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mustajoki (1) claims to have described a new variant of acute intermittent porphyria. This finding would be quite important if proved unequivocally, but such a claim is premature from the data presented. First, Mustajoki states that "no hematologic or other cause was found that could secondarily have raised low [porphobilinogen deaminase (also known as uroporphyrinogen-I synthase)] activity to normal." The patient of Case III-1, however, with the highest porphobilinogen deaminase activity among the subjects with porphyria, had a reticulocyte count of 5%, and three others had counts of 2.1% to 2.5%. An increased reticulocyte count is certainly...References1. MUSTAJOKI P. Normal erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase in a kindred with acute intermittent porphyria. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:162-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ANDERSONSASSAPETERSONKAPPAS KSCA. Increased erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen-I-synthetase, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and protoporphyrin in hemolytic anemias. Am J Med. 1977;63:359-64. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SASSABERNSTEIN SS. Levels of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase, uroporphyrinogen-I synthase and protoporphyrin IX in erythrocytes from anemic mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74:1181-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SASSAGRANICKBICKERSLEVEREKAPPAS SSDRA. Studies on the inheritance of human erythrocyte δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase and uroporphyrinogen synthetase. Enzyme. 1973;16:326-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ANDERSONREDDYANDERSONDESNICK PRKR. Characterization of the porphobilinogen deaminase deficinency in acute intermittent porphyria. Immunologic evidence for heterogeneity of the genetic defect. J Clin Invest. 1981;68:1-12. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Rockefeller University Hospital New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA challenging diagnosis for potential fatal diseases: Recommendations for diagnosing acute porphyrias 1 December 1981Volume 95, Issue 6Page: 784-785KeywordsPorphyriaReticulocytes Issue Published: 1 December 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A general medical practice using nonphysician personnel
Authors: K. D. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A county medical society, responding to a request of low-income urban population for health care, obtained funds to subsidize a medical practice in its community. The practice was staffed by a physician, social worker, office nurse, public health nurse, technician, and secretary. Nonphysician personnel, under supervision, performed some services usually given by physicians, furnished half the patient care, and were well accepted by patients in these responsible roles. Use of nonphysician personnel increased effectiveness of the physician and expanded the scope of services beyond that usually provided in a general practice. Resources of a local hospital ultimately were integrated with the practice to provide comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services. The program constituted a practical way to deliver primary health care which was well accepted by patients, simple in organization, comprehensive in scope, and not costly.
SCHOOLS AND ANTI-SCHOOLS.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
First Venereal Disease Control Officer in Virginia
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reference Committees— 1978 Interim
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal