tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experimental Toxicology of Pyrolysis and Combustion Hazards
Authors: Herbert H. Cornish, Kolman J. Hahn, Mary L. Barth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Data are presented on the acute toxicity (mortality only) of the thermal degradation products of polymers obtained by two methods of degradation. One system utilized a slowly increasing temperature (5 degrees C/min) and gradual degradation of the polymer with the rats being exposed to degradation products as they were evolved. In this system the more toxic polymers included wool, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and urethane foam. The second system utilized conditions of rapid combustion and exposure of rats to the total products of combustion for a period of 4 hr. In this system the more toxic materials included red oak, cotton, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and styrene-acrylonitrile. It is of interest to note that the natural product wool is among the least toxic under these rapid combustion conditions and among the most toxic under slow pyrolysis conditions. Other materials also vary in the comparative toxicity of their thermal degradation products, depending upon the conditions of degradation and animal exposure. The two experimental techniques presented here may well represent the two extreme conditions of rapid combustion versus slow pyrolysis. Intermediate types of fire situations might be expected to result in relative acute toxicities somewhere between these two extremes. This report deals with acute toxicity on the basis of mortality data only and does not include other parameters of toxicity such as organ weights and histopathology.
Behcet's Disease
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Behcet's syndrome was recorded as a clinical rarity until recently, chiefly among Japanese or Turkish patients. More recently, it has been recognized as an entity that is seen worldwide, defined as oculomucocutaneous syndrome with many systemic features, including thrombotic involvement of the large veins and the major arteries, demyelinating disease of the CNS, ulcerative disease of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and sparing, in selected patients, virtually no organ system. A tenuous association with HLA-B5 has been identified, chiefly in propositi from the Middle East, North Africa, and northern Japan, although this association seems not to hold in surveyed patients from the midlands of England and the northern tier of the United States. The cause remains obscure, but some relationships to trace metals and to immunologic features have been inferred. The regular administration of colchicine and the use of transfer factor both have seemed to alter the course in some
Correlation of bone marrow micrometastases (BMM) with nodal status in gastrointestinal tumors (GI).
Authors: Sukamal Saha, Alpesh Korant, Madhumitha Krishnamoorthy, Mohammed Nawaf Kanaan, Benjamin Abadeer, Madan L. Arora, T. Trevor Singh, Sunil Nagpal, David Wiese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

567 Background: Presence of BMM is an important prognostic factor for patients (pts) with solid tumors. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping (M) has been found to upstage pts with GI tumors. However, a direct correlation between the presence of BMM and nodal metastases is lacking. Hence, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine the relationship between BMM and nodal status in GI tumors. Methods: A total of 385 consecutive pts with GI tumors were analyzed. All pts underwent bilateral posterior superior iliac spine BM aspiration. This protocol employs highly sensitive staining methods combined with automated microscopy to differentiate cytokeratin +ve cells of epithelial origin from normal hematopoetic cells in BM. The cytospin slides were stained with the monoclonal anti-CAM 5.2 antibody from Becton Dickinson at a 1:25 dilution. Visualization was achieved with Ventana view Red detection system. The slides were counterstained with Ventana haematoxylin. The Automated Cellular Imaging System is applied to detect, count, and classify cells of clinical interest based upon the recognition of cellular objects of particular color, size and shape. SLNM when applicable was done by peritumoral injection of 1% methylene blue. Results: Of these 385 pts, 11.2% were found to have BMM. When analyzed by sites, the 3 highest BMM were Cholangiocarcinoma 33%, Stomach 22% and esophagus 13%. The BMM was +ve bilaterally in 44%; unilaterally in 56%. In pts who underwent SLNM, BMM were found in 8.3% of SLN +ve vs. 12% for SLN -ve pts. For pts with colon cancer undergoing SLNM, BMM were found in 9.6% of SLN +ve pts vs. 11.1% for SLN -ve pts. Conclusions: BMM did not correlate with nodal status for GI malignancies suggesting a possible different mechanism for metastases. Detection of BMM may have a significant clinical value in SLN negative pts who may benefit from adjuvant therapy. [Table: see text]
The Cover
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mycosis Fungoides
Authors: Daniel Tripodi
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Drs Weinstock and Horm<sup>1</sup>of a significant increase in the incidence of mycosis fungoides over a study period from 1973 through 1984 is of considerable interest. As the authors point out, the etiology of this disease is obscure, but the recent observation of an association between infection by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type V and disease<sup>2</sup>is worth noting. These findings also support the view that a human T-cell lymphotropic virus may be a factor in the etiology. Edelson<sup>3</sup>described the relationship between mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome as variants of a T-cell-mediated disease—cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. While Drs Weinstock and Horm<sup>1</sup>referred to the poor response to conventional therapy, a new form of therapy named photopheresis (the equipment for which is manufactured by Therakos) has been introduced for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. As originally reported by
Abstract 1221: Targeted Deletion of ROCK2 in Cardiomyocytes Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Ryuji Okamoto, Kensuke Noma, Naoki Sawada, Yukio Hiroi, Ping-Yen Liu, James K Liao
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background - Previous studies have shown that Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors prevent the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Because ROCK inhibitors inhibit both ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, the isoform-specific role of ROCK cannot be elucidated from these studies. Hence, a genetic approach with targeted deletion of ROCK in cardiomyocytes provides the best opportunity towards understanding the role of ROCK isoforms in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Previous studies showed that ROCK1 KO mice develop cardiac hypertrophy to angiotensin II infusion similar to WT mice, but do not develop cardiac fibrosis. However, the role of ROCK2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy remains to be determined. Methods and Results - Mice deficient in cardiomyocyte-specific ROCK2 (c-ROCK2 −/− ) were generated by crossing mice with loxP-flanked ROCK2 allele with transgenic mice expressing a Cre protein under the control of the cardiomyocyte-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. The ROCK2 expression levels in the c-ROCK2 −/− mice heart was decreased to less than 30% compared with wild-type mice (ROCK2 +/+ mice) in the whole heart. Heart rate, blood pressures and cardiac systolic function were normal in c-ROCK2 −/− mice. Ang II (400ng/kg/min) or vehicle was subcutaneously infused into c-ROCK2 −/− and ROCK2 +/+ male mice (each group; n=10) for 28 days. Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy assessed by an increase in heart weight, left ventricular mass, myocyte cross-sectional area and cardiac hypertrophy-related genes expressions were attenuated in c-ROCK2 −/− mice compared with ROCK2 +/+ mice. The basal activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were similar in hearts between two groups but the activation of ERK was attenuated and the activity was downregulated earlier in c-ROCK2 −/− than in ROCK2 +/+ mice. The activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and Akt activity were similar between two groups. Conclusions - These results indicate that ROCK2 is necessary for Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism, in part, involves the activation of ERK by ROCK2. Thus, selective ROCK2 inhibitors may be beneficial for preventing cardiac hypertrophy.
The hyperventilation of cirrhosis: Progesterone and estradiol effects
Authors: S Lustik
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Progesterone and estradiol are metabolized in the liver and are elevated in patients with cirrhosis. Progesterone stimulates ventilation by activating progesterone receptors in the central nervous system; estradiol may facilitate progesterone's actions by increasing progesterone receptors. This study evaluated whether progesterone and estradiol contribute to the respiratory alkalosis common in cirrhotic patients. Arterial blood gases and progesterone and estradiol levels were obtained in 50 patients with cirrhosis. Multiple linear regression revealed a statistically significant correlation between PaCO2 and progesterone and estradiol (r = .54, P < .05). Patients with severe hyperventilation (PaCO2 ≤ 30 mm Hg) had statistically higher levels of progesterone and estradiol than did patients with mild hyperventilation (30 < PaCO2 ≤ 35) or normal ventilation (PaCO2 > 35) (P < .05). Although the progesterone levels were two orders of magnitude lower than those associated with hyperventilation in pregnant patients, the increased ventilatory effect may be because of the altered blood-brain barrier (BBB) present in cirrhotic patients. Progesterone and estradiol appear to contribute to the hyperventilation in cirrhotic patients.
Abstract 1352: The importance of the RASA1/R-Ras/Ral-A signaling axis in melanoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Kristen Suzanne Hill, Xue Wang, Youngchul Kim, Minjung Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract The Ras family of small GTP binding proteins are frequently activated by mutations in melanoma, as shown for NRAS (20%), KRAS (2%) and HRAS (1%). Ras isoforms can also be activated by inactivation of Ras GTPase activating proteins (RasGAPs), such as NF1, RASA1, and RASA2. In our recent study, we observed that inactivation of RASA1 (RAS p21 protein activator 1, also called p120RasGAP) suppressed melanoma via its RasGAP activity toward the R-Ras (related RAS viral (r-ras) oncogene homolog) isoform and that R-Ras was required to promote anchorage-independent growth driven by RASA1 inactivation. Moreover, a low level of RASA1 mRNA expression is associated with decreased overall survival in melanoma patients with BRAF mutations. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that, although not mutated, R-Ras is activated in melanoma by inactivation of RasGAPs and that BRAF activation cooperates with this RasGAP/R-Ras pathway activation in melanoma tumorigenesis. In this study, we addressed the importance of R-Ras, a previously less appreciated member of the Ras small GTPases family, in melanoma tumorigenesis. We observed frequent activation of R-Ras in BRAF mutant human melanoma cell lines. In addition, RNAi-mediated reduced expression of R-Ras suppressed anchorage-independent colony growth and tumor growth. Moreover, among the 3 major RAS effector pathways, reduced R-Ras expression suppressed Ral-A activation, which may explain the mechanism of Ral-A activation in BRAF mutant melanoma. Interestingly, anchorage-independent growth driven by R-Ras activation downstream of RASA1 inactivation was suppressed by both genetic (siRNA targeting Ral-A) and pharmacological (Ral inhibitor BQU57) inhibition of Ral-A. To further investigate the impact of RASA1 loss, and thus R-Ras activation, on BRAF mutant melanoma development in vivo, we generated a RASA1L/L; BRAFCA/CA; Tyr-CreERT2 mouse model in which treatment with 4OHT results in expression of constitutively activated mutant BRAF and deletion of RASA1 in melanocytic lineage cells. Preliminary analysis shows hyperpigmentation of the ear, tail, and foot pad in RASA1L/L BRAFCA/CA mice compared to RASA1+/+ BRAFCA/CA littermates. Tumors generated in this animal model will be analyzed to determine the extent of R-Ras and Ral-A activity in vivo. This study demonstrates the importance of the RASA1/R-Ras/Ral-A signaling pathway in BRAF mutant melanoma and supports the possible combinatorial treatment strategy targeting both the BRAF/MAPK and Ral signaling pathways. Citation Format: Kristen Suzanne Hill, Xue Wang, Youngchul Kim, Minjung Kim. The importance of the RASA1/R-Ras/Ral-A signaling axis in melanoma tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1352. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1352
Cocaine hallucinations
Authors: R K Siegel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

The author reviews the literature on hallucinations that occur as a result of acute and chronic administration of cocaine. He examined the phenomenology of cocaine hallucinations in a group of 85 recreational cocaine users, 15 of whom reported hallucinatory experiences in visual, tactile, olfactory, auditory, and gustatory modalities. He discusses a new phenomenon of "snow lights" in terms of initiating a progression of symptoms leading to the classic "cocaine bugs." He also points out the similarity of cocaine hallucinations to entoptic phenomena and migraine hallucinations, which suggests a common mechanism of action based on CNS excitation and arousal.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1 Diminishes the Coactivation of ERα.
Authors: R. Hartmaier, R. Hartmaier, R. Hartmaier, A. Richter, A. Richter, A. Richter, S. McGuire, S. McGuire, J. Wang, A. Lee, A. Lee, A. Lee, C. Osborne, C. Osborne, B. O'Malley, P. Brown, P. Brown, P. Brown, J. Xu, T. Skaar, T. Skaar, S. Philips, S. Philips, J. Rae, J. Rae, F. Azzouz, F. Azzouz, L. Li, L. Li, N. Henry, N. Henry, A. Nguyen, A. Nguyen, V. Stearns, V. Stearns, D. Hayes, D. Hayes, D. Flockhart, D. Flockhart, S. Oesterreich, S. Oesterreich, S. Oesterreich, S. Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Estrogen signaling is critical in the progression of a large fraction of breast cancers as well as in the maintenance of bone mineral density. Generally speaking, Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), blocks estrogen signaling in the breast by acting as an antagonist at the same time as promoting estrogen signaling in the bone by acting as an agonist. This tissue specific action characteristic of SERMs is thought to be maintained by the balance of levels and/or activities of estrogen receptor (ER) coregulators. Because of this critical role, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ER coregulators could have a dramatic effect on tamoxifen action.Previous studies have implicated steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) as a critical coregulator for the mixed antagonist-agonist specificity of tamoxifen. By using an ERE-Tk-Luciferase transient transfection assay, we have shown that a SNP causing the amino acid change P1272S in SRC-1 dramatically reduces its ability to coactivate ERα.To assess the impact of this SNP on tamoxifen action in breast cancer we decided to genotype the SRC-1 P1272S SNP in a breast tumor DNA bank. This bank was generated from archived tumors from individuals either exclusively receiving adjuvant tamoxifen or not receiving any adjuvant therapy following surgical resection. Currently, the bank is composed of 1000 samples divided equally among the two groups. Genotyping for the SRC-1 P1272S SNP is currently underway.Since SRC-1 has also been shown to be important in proper maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) and in the agonist action of tamoxifen in certain tissues, we also assessed the impact of the P1272S SNP in bone following tamoxifen therapy. We genotyped breast cancer patients exclusively receiving tamoxifen therapy (i.e. no chemotherapy, no radiation) who had lumbar (n=113) and/or hip (n=108) BMD scans before and after 12 months of tamoxifen therapy. We observed a significant association between the SNP and bone loss; women harboring the P1272S SNP lost 6.4% of their lumbar BMD, while women with the WT version lost only 1.3% of their lumbar BMD.These findings illustrate the critical role of SRC-1 in tamoxifen action in bone, and potentially other hormone responsive tissues. Studies are ongoing to decipher the mechanism for decreased coactivation activity of the SNP, and also to extend the clinical association studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 66.
Ruling on physician role in prisoner executions
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A COOK COUNTY Circuit Court has ordered the Illinois Medical Disciplinary Board to conduct a proper hearing of a complaint against physicians who assist in the execution of prisoners. On November 29, Judge Thomas J. O'Brien ruled that the director of the Illinois Department of Professional Regulation had no right to unilaterally dismiss a complaint filed by four Illinois physicians, Quentin Young, MD, Robert H. Kirschner, MD, William P. Gibbons, MD, and Edward A. Brunner, MD, PhD, and Physicians for Human Rights, an international humanitarian organization based in Boston, Mass. The plaintiffs are seeking to enforce professional standards that prohibit physician participation in executions (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:721-723). Illinois' execution statute requires executions to be performed by lethal injection of drugs "sufficient to cause death until death is pronounced by a licensed physician according to the accepted standards of medical practice." Illinois is the only state that has enacted what the plaintiffs
Abstract SY40-02: YAP/TAZ activity as hallmark of cancer: Biologic properties, upstream regulations, and downstream targets
Authors: Stefano Piccolo
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Enhanced YAP/TAZ activity is emerging as common trait of multiple solid tumors in humans. Strikingly, in mouse models, adult organs lacking YAP/TAZ are unable to develop tumors without overt side effects for normal tissue homeostasis, making YAP/TAZ prime candidates for cancer therapy. That said, YAP/TAZ have physiological functions during tissue repair, being essential for organ regeneration after injury. YAP/TAZ are typically inactive in normal tissues but potently induced by mechanical and physical cues that the cell receives from its microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix stiffness and topology, and 3D architectural features of the tissue. I will focus on new discoveries on the mechanisms by which YAP/TAZ are controlled by mechanotransduction, and on YAP/TAZ as reprogramming factors in epithelial cells. Indeed, in normal tissues YAP/TAZ activation turns more differentiated normal cells into cells endowed with stem-like properties; in tumors, YAP/TAZ convert non-stem tumor cells into cancer-stem cells, increasing tumor aggressiveness and fueling metastasis. I will also expand on these mechanisms, providing new hints for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Stefano Piccolo. YAP/TAZ activity as hallmark of cancer: Biologic properties, upstream regulations, and downstream targets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY40-02.
化脓性汗腺炎试验结果的核心领域
Authors: L. Thorlacius, J.R. Ingram, B. Villumsen, S. Esmann, J.S. Kirby, A.B. Gottlieb, J.F. Merola, R. Dellavalle, S.M. Nielsen, R. Christensen, A. Garg, G.B.E. Jemec
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是一种皮肤症状,会在皮肤褶皱处(腋下、胸下、腹股沟和臀部)引起疼痛的红色肿块。HS可能会被误诊为细菌性脓肿或疮疖,但它并不是由细菌引起的。全球约0.1%到4%的人群受HS困扰。本项研究旨在找出HS临床试验应衡量哪些因素,例如症状(如疼痛、瘙痒)、生理变化(如皮肤发红或肿胀)或对人们生活的影响(如生活质量)。为此,本研究包含了两个组:HS患者和医疗保健服务提供者(医生、制药行业代表和监管代表),并采用在线调查以及面对面谈话的方式来陈述、讨论以及调查,从而收集应包含哪些衡量因素的相关意见。这些代表来自13个国家/地区和四大洲。谈话、讨论和调查的结果表明,至少有70%的HS患者和医疗保健服务提供者建议临床试验包含以下衡量因素:(1)疼痛;(2)因HS导致的生理变化(如发红);(3)特别是因HS而导致的生活质量变化;(4)HS发病期间的变化(如病情发作)(5)全局评级(即考虑所有因素的病情严重程度整体评级)以及(6)其他症状(如疲劳和引流)。这项工作相当重要,因为其中包含了对HS治疗做出贡献的各类人员,包括HS患者、治疗开发或监管人员,以及治疗HS患者的人员。更多的工作还在进行中,这些工作将重点研究HS治疗试验中的衡量因素(以及所用的工具)。
Continuing education. What it is and what it is not
Authors: G. E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IT SEEMS only fair to begin with a confession: the preparation of this article has been more difficult than of any I can recall with a memory that is assuredly less precise than it once was, but still seems sufficiently intact to be reasonably dependable. While struggling at my desk to find words that might be useful, I found myself leafing through earlier correspondence with Dr Thomas Zimmerman and discovered in a letter that I received from him five years ago the probable source of this present difficulty. He was commenting on a paper I had delivered to the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education, one that ended with an implied promise that it represented "a final contribution to the debate in which I have taken part for nearly twenty years." Dr Zimmerman replied that he was appointing himself "a committee of one to be sure that this is not your last public
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Corrections
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Equations, beginning with equation 3, should read blood flow = V t -^(3)(2) The blood flow may not be reduced by the injectate flow and therefore the flow of the mixture will be measured.From equations 1 and 2 for T.D.,Vol. 19, p. 613The first sentence in Results should readAt the outset of this study, myosin was made by the procedure of Barany et al. 9 except that we employed frozen muscle, whereas fresh muscle was used in the studies of Barany et al.Vol. 19,