tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal vaccination
Authors: A. de Roux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

<h3>Background</h3> Genetic variations, including mitochondrial mutations, are important contributors to hearing loss, especially in children, and newborn genetic screens for hearing loss mutations are becoming increasingly common. Mitochondrial mutations have been linked with ototoxic responses to common antibiotics, therefore understanding the association of these mutations with hearing loss is of special importance. To address the usefulness of screening for these mutations in a clinical setting, we formed a collaboration of clinicians and geneticists to analyse the association of mitochondrial mutations with non-syndromic hearing loss, including the effect of ethnicity, audiological test methods and aminoglycoside exposure. <h3>Methods</h3> This survey identified 122 variants in 43 studies that have been assessed for an association with hearing loss, and meta-analysis was performed on clinically relevant subsets. RNA folding and conservation analysis further explored possible relevance of these variants. <h3>Results</h3> Among all studies, eight variants were found to have significant associations with hearing loss. A partially overlapping set of six variants had significant association with hearing loss when aminoglycoside exposure was assessed. Five of these variants predictive of sensitivity to aminoglycoside spatially co-localise in an RNA folding model. There was little effect of the audiological test method used to assess hearing loss on the association with the variants. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results found a small set of studied variants had reproducible association with hearing loss, which will help clarify mutations useful in genetic screens for hearing loss. Several of the aminoglycoside exposure-associated mutations may co-localise on folded 12S rRNA, suggesting a functional association between these loci and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Breast Cancer Risk Model Quantifies the Impact of Risk Reduction
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

How much can a woman lower her risk of breast cancer by losing weight, drinking less, or exercising more?A study published online June 24 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute describes a new model to estimate the impact of these lifestyle changes on absolute breast cancer risk, suggesting risk reductions that could translate into a substantial number of prevented cancers across an entire population.Breast cancer risk models are widely used to estimate a woman's chances of developing the disease.These are based on nonmodifiable risk factors such as age and family history of breast cancer, and on modifiable lifestyle factors.But there is little information on how much lifestyle changes would reduce absolute breast cancer risk in individuals and in the population.
National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education
Authors: Carolé Mensing, Jackie Boucher, Marjorie Cypress, Katie Weinger, Kathryn Mulcahy, Patricia Barta, Gwen Hosey, Wendy Kopher, Andrea Lasichak, Betty Lamb, Mavourneen Mangan, Jan Norman, Jon Tanja, Linda Yauk, Kimberlydawn Wisdom, Cynthia Adams
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)
Puzzling jaundice
Authors: T. B. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Four women, ages 47 to 86 years, had a similar, moderately severe illness characterized by fatigue, vague abdominal symptoms, jaundice, and moderate hepatomegaly. Laboratory abnormalities consisted of hyperbilirubinemia, moderate to marked increase in transaminase activity (peak serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase level, 640 to 2,160 Karmen units/ml), and moderate alkaline phosphatase level increase. Liver biopsy in two patients showed portal lymphoid proliferation and evidence of moderate hepatocellular necrosis. All patients had been taking a laxative containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and oxyphenisatin acetate (Dialose Plus). Two of the ingredients contained in Dialose Plus (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and carboxymethylcellulose sodium) are nonabsorbable while the other ingredient (oxyphenisatin acetate) is a propellant which is excreted in the bile and is presumed to be the cause of the hepatic reaction. Jaundice subsided when Dialose Plus therapy was stopped and recurred in two patients when it was restarted. The other two patients under observation in the hospital were challenged with Dialose Plus with positive results.
Introduction
Authors: Ingrid Lundberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

It is a great privilege to host the European Workshop for Rheumatology Research (EWRR), which is the primary meeting for European scientists in rheumatology research.EWRR is the meeting that facilitates interactions between basic, translational and clinical research.One of its goals is to promote young scientists in this area of research.EWRR serves as a platform for presenting scientifi c advances in rheumatology research in Europe and is a forum for networking within science, and thereby offers great possibilities for young scientists to meet with more experienced researchers.The 32 nd EWRR that takes place in Stockholm will have a particular focus on translational research and clinical application of basic research in rheumatic diseases.The faculty represents world leading female and male scientists in the fi eld of infl ammation, immunology, epidemiology, rheumatology and related research areas.Presentations of abstracts and posters will be given considerable amount of time.EULAR kindly provides travel bursaries for young scientists.Stockholm in February means winter with snow and ice.Be prepared and bring warm clothes to be able to enjoy a touch of winter, maybe on the ice on the sea close to the EWRR convention site.Do not hesitate to sign up, although it may be cold outside we promise that indoors it will be warm and pleasant and the meeting venue will promote rewarding scientifi c interactions and discussions.
Gastrointestinal Endosonography.
Authors: L PALAZZO
Journal: Gut (2000)

DiVerential expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in human colorectal cancerEDITOR,-We were puzzled by the recent paper by Dimberg and colleagues (Gut 1999;45:730-732) which reported that upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression was prominent in rectal adenocarcinomas compared with that in adenocarcinomas arising from the colon."Low or undetectable levels of COX-2 protein expression" were demonstrated in 15 of 19 colonic adenocarcinomas located proximal to the rectum.Overall, upregulation of COX-2 protein expression was reported in only 56% of colorectal cancers.Previous reports, 1-7 which include one by the current authors on a not dissimilar case series, 1 and two in the joint authorship of the accompanying commentary writer, 2 3 have shown consistent upregulation of COX-2 expression in colonic and rectal adenocarcinomas (in 85-90% of cases) compared with matched normal colonic mucosa using diVerent techniques, including northern blot analysis, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, four of these studies refer to the distribution of adenocarcinomas throughout the colon without showing evidence of diVerential COX-2 expression between rectal and more proximal tumours. 1 2 4 5 In the one previous study which analysed COX-2 protein expression in human colorectal cancers by western blot analysis, 7 immunoreactive COX-2 was detected in 76% of cases with a 10-fold increase in median tissue COX-2 concentration compared with normal colonic mucosa.In our view, the authors should attempt to explain the discrepancy between their results and previously published data.It is interesting to note that, in the study of Kargman et al, five of six patients taking NSAIDs had low or undetectable COX-2 protein expression. 7Moreover, aspirin has recently been shown to suppress induction of COX-2 mRNA and protein in interleukin-1 and phorbol ester stimulated human endothelial cells and fibroblasts. 8Do the authors have data on NSAID use in their cohort of patients prior to surgery?
Hepatitis Hotline
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase II study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with metastatic or recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN).
Authors: A. L. Sabichi, M. S. Kies, B. S. Glisson, C. Lu, L. E. Ginsberg, C. I. Bartos, L. Feng, H. T. Tran, S. M. Lippman, G. R. Blumenschein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5532 Background: Combination chemotherapy (CT) is the current standard treatment for metastatic/recurrent SCCHN. Despite the development of new cytotoxic CTs, the prognosis for these patients (PTS) remains poor with a median progression free survival (PFS) of 4 months. Survival in PTS w/ SCCHN correlates inversely with the number of angiogenic growth factors secreted. Sorafenib is a potent inhibitor of c-Raf, b-Raf VEGFR-1/2/3 and PDGFR-β. Because of possible enhanced efficacy, we are studying the combination of paclitaxel (P), carboplatin (C), and sorafenib (S) in advanced SCCHN. Methods: This single center uncontrolled phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination of P, C, and S in PTS with metastatic/recurrent SCCHN. PTS were required to have ECOG PS 0-1, measurable disease, controlled blood pressure (systolic BP 2 and C AUC 6 intravenously given day 1 every 3 weeks followed by S 400 mg orally (PO) bid (days 2-19). The primary endpoint is assessment of PFS. Results: Twenty-eight PTS with SCCHN have been enrolled to date and 22 PTS are evaluable for response using RECIST: 89% male, median age 55 years (range 22-79), median ECOG PS 1. Grade 3 treatment related toxicities included hand-foot syndrome (n=4), neutropenia (n=4), elevated lipase (n=4), elevated amylase (n=3), anemia (n=3), pain (n=3), fatigue (n=2), hypertension (n=2), and thrombocytopenia (n=2). There were 15 PTS with response, 5 with stable disease, and 2 with progression as their best outcome. Conclusions: The combination of PCS is well tolerated and has encouraging early activity in recurrent/metastatic SCCHN. Data collection for response rate, duration of response and survival is ongoing. Trial accrual continues up to 43 patients and biomarker data are being collected for correlation with clinical outcome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bayer Bayer
The effect of the 65-mph speed limit on fatalities in New Mexico
Authors: Thomas W. Bunch
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gallaher et al<sup>1</sup>have provided us with useful data concerning New Mexico road fatalities, but I am afraid they missed the point. Their data emphasized an increase in death rate of 1.5 per 100 million vehicle miles since the rural interstate speed limit has been raised from 55 to 65 mph. However, since only 10% of the victims were wearing seat belts and 43% of the crashes involved alcohol, it is obvious that the fatality rate could be dropped significantly below even the 55-mph fatality rate if these two problems were given the emphasis they deserve. Seat belts that have to be in place before the cars can start and jail for drunk drivers would have a much more profound effect on fatalities than a 55-mph speed limit. As long as the American public is misled into thinking that speed is the real killer, we
Pneumothorax during infant resuscitation
Authors: R. D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Because of their daily experience with airway and respiratory problems, physicians practicing anesthesia have become popular "resuscitationists." As such, they have learned that most patients improve dramatically with institution of large volume, mechanical ventilation. As with all forms of treatment in medicine, this form of therapy may give undesirable results on some occasions. The following case is an example. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Following an uncomplicated pregnancy, a 19-year-old primigravida, while under pudendal block, delivered without problems a 2.5 kg baby boy. The baby was markedly depressed, however, with a one minute Apgar score of one (pulse rate less than 100). Positive pressure ventilation was instituted via a mask from a resuscitation apparatus with 100% oxygen. At a peak inspiratory pressure of 20 cm water, no breath sounds could be heard, and no movement of the chest wall was evident. The pulse rate did increase to 120, however, so the
'Serum Only' Schilling's Test in Patients With Subtotal Gastrectomy
Authors: Rufino Garcia
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two main sources of error in the Schilling urinary excretion test for vitamin B<sub>12</sub>absorption are an incomplete urine collection and the presence of renal disease. The use of eight-hour plasma or serum radioactivity that coincides with peak plasma levels of the orally administered radiolabeled vitamin overcomes these drawbacks. It has been shown to correlate well with the urinary excretion method<sup>1,2</sup>and has replaced the urinary method in many institutions. With this method, malabsorption of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>reflected in a subnormal eight-hour plasma radioactivity has been reported to occur frequently in subjects with partial gastrectomy.<sup>2</sup>Possibly, however, a rapid transit after subtotal gastric resection may cause peak plasma levels to occur earlier than in those without a resection and thus produce a misleading low eight-hour result. To examine this question, we serially measured serum radioactivity in eight patients with subtotal gastrectomy after an
Vaccines for children program may get late start
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

VACCINES FOR CHILDREN (VFC), the administration's much-touted plan for adequately immunizing more than 90% of the nation's children by the age of 2 years, is in trouble. The General Accounting Office (GAO) has issued a strongly critical account of the program and two congressional hearings have aired further criticism of it. A direct result has been a move by the Senate Appropriations Committee (which approves the funds for the $500-million effort) to put a hold on the scheduled start-up date of October 1 until the problems identified by the GAO have been rectified. See also p 584. The government's plan is intended to provide vaccines for children who otherwise would not receive them. The legislation, signed into law last August by President Bill Clinton, creates an entitlement to free vaccine for all eligible children. This includes those who are enrolled in Medicaid, those without health insurance, those who are underinsured
Biological in Vitro and in Vivo Responses of Chrysotile versus Amphiboles
Authors: J. Bignon, M. C. Jaurand
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Although all commercial forms of asbestos have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic in animals, so far epidemiological data are controversial concerning what asbestos types are the most carcinogenic and fibrogenic in humans. In order to understand the early cellular events induced by fibrous particles, different in vitro studies (hemolysis, release of enzymes by macrophages, assays on cell culture systems) have been carried out in several laboratories; most of these studies have shown that cell and subcellular in vitro responses were different depending on fiber types: chrysotile versus amphiboles. This presentation compares the results of different laboratories with our data obtained by using a model which modifies the chemistry of the fibers by acid treatment. The acid-leached chrysotile and acid-treated amphibole fibers showed different biological responses in several in vitro systems used in comparison to unleached fibers. These differences in the in vitro reactivity were related to the chemical state of the fibers and might explain the differences in their effects in animals after intrapleural injection as assessed by the percentage of mesothelioma, the latency period, the survival time and the degree of pleural fibrosis. The carcinogenic effect of the fibers is discussed in relation of their in vitro inflammatory or cytotoxic responses.
Fertility, Reproduction, and Genetic Disease: Studies on the Mutagenic Effects of Environmental Agents on Mammalian Germ Cells
Authors: M. D. Shelby, J. B. Bishop, J. M. Mason, K. R. Tindall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Because genetically based diseases have a major impact on human health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has conducted a research and testing program for more than a decade to address chemical induction of heritable genetic damage in the germ cells of mammals. Although most genetic disease results from preexisting mutations, a portion is due to the occurrence of new mutations. The supposition that exposure to mutagenic chemicals contributes to the occurrence of new mutations in the human population is strongly supported by the results from animal models. Such studies clearly demonstrate the potential of environmental chemicals to induce mutations in both somatic and reproductive cells of mammals. This NIEHS program has become a leader in the identification of genetic hazards in the environment and in the acquisition of animal model data used by regulatory agencies in assessing genetic risks to human health.
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: None P. B. P.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) Summer Homes and Hospitals for the Poor— What the St. John's Guild is Doing to Help the Movement—The Children's Aid Society—Health Resorts in New York State—Miscellaneous Gleanings. The movement for enabling the poor of the city to enjoy the benefits of fresh air in the summer, which was inaugurated less than twenty years ago, has now extended to enormous proportions and ramified in many directions. Originally started to relieve the children in the crowded tenement districts during the heated term—by day excursions—it has been extended by the establishment of a large number of summer homes and hospitals, at the seaside and in the country, which are fitted up with the best sanitary appointments, and where the children, both sick and well, are often kept for weeks at a time. Besides this, many children are annually cared for in the country, free of expense, by farmers and
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: D. J. PERRY
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access Computing for Clinicians. Tim Chard. London: Elmore-Chard, 1988, 136 pp. $32.00. DAVID J. PERRY DAVID J. PERRY International Cancer, Information Center, National Cancer InstituteBuilding 82, Room 115 Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 19, 7 December 1988, Pages 1572–1573, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.19.1572-a Published: 07 December 1988
A randomized phase III multi-institutional study of TNFerade biologic with 5-FU and radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Final results
Authors: Aaron Tyler Wild, Dan Laheru, Hao Wang, Kenneth J. Chang, Gretchen Elizabeth Taylor, Ross C. Donehower, Timothy M Pawlik, Mark A. Ziegler, Hongyan Cai, Dionne T Savage, Yolanda M. Davis, Jason Klapman, Tony Reid, Raj J. Shah, Christopher Lee Wolfgang, Alexander Rosemurgy, Joseph M. Herman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4055 Background: TNFerade biologic (TNF) is a novel means of selective delivery of TNF-α to tumor cells by gene transfer through intratumoral (IT) injection. TNF is a replication deficient adenovirus vector containing TNF-α cDNA ligated downstream from a radiation-inducible Egr-1 promoter, allowing spatiotemporal constraint of TNF-α production to the radiation field. Herein we report the final results of a multi-center, randomized, open-label, controlled phase III trial of TNF with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Methods: Pts with locally advanced PDA were randomized 1:2 to standard of care (SOC; 5-FU/RT followed by GEM) versus TNF + SOC. RT dose was 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Concurrent 5-FU (200 mg/m 2 /day IV) started on day 1 of RT each wk. TNF was injected IT ~4 hrs prior to RT weekly by percutaneous (PTA) or endoscopic (EUS) approach. 4 wks after RT, GEM (1000 mg/m 2 IV) was given until progression or toxicity. Results: Of 277 pts, 187 were randomized to TNF and 90 to SOC. Demographic/baseline characteristics were similar between arms (all NS), as was GEM received (67 vs. 68%; 7.0 vs. 7.6 total wks). Median f/up was 9.1 mos (range, 0.1-50.5). Median OS for TNF by ITT analysis was 10.1 mos (95% CI, 9.1-11.7) vs. 10.0 mos (95% CI, 7.6-11.2) for SOC (p=0.6). TNF delivery method did not affect OS (9.4 mos for PTA vs. 11.5 for EUS; p=0.7). Baseline CA19-9 &gt; 1000 was found to impart independent risk to TNF pts (HR=1.7; p=0.02). Subgroup analysis (SGA) of 86 pts with T1-T3 disease showed an OS benefit for TNF compared to SOC (10.9 vs. 9.0 mos, respectively; p=0.04). TNF resulted in more grade 1-2 fever/chills (p&lt;0.001) as well as grade 3 (p&lt;0.001) and 4 (p=0.05) toxicities (commonly lymphopenia, hypo/hyperkalemia, abd/chest pain) than SOC. Use of PTA vs. EUS did not affect grade 3/4 toxicity rates. Conclusions: TNF + SOC did not prolong OS for locally advanced PDA. SGA reveals a possible OS benefit for early stage (T1-T3) tumors and CA19-9 &lt; 1000. PTA and EUS injection achieved similar rates of efficacy and toxicity. Grade 1-2 toxicity typical of systemic exposure to TNF-α (pyrexia/hypotension/chills) was common, but grade 3-4 was minimal.