tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INHERITED TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma Levels and Redox Status of Ascorbic Acid and Levels of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Active and Passive Smokers
Authors: Makoto Ayaori, Tetsuya Hisada, Michio Suzukawa, Hiroshi Yoshida, Masato Nishiwaki, Toshimitsu Ito, Kei Nakajima, Kenji Higashi, Atsushi Yonemura, Toshitsugu Ishikawa, Fumitaka Ohsuzu, Haruo Nakamura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Both active and passive smoking are regarded as risk factors for various diseases. To clarify the effects of active and passive smoking on plasma vitamin C levels and lipid peroxidation status, we examined the plasma levels of ascorbic acid (AA), its redox status [ratio of dehydroascorbate (DHAA) to total AA], the levels of thiobarbiturate reactive substance (TBARS), and the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO) in smokers, nonsmokers, and nonsmokers regularly exposed to environmental cigarette smoke (passive smokers). The study population consisted of 149 healthy males: 75 active smokers (consumption of > 15 cigarettes/day for more than 5 years), 36 passive smokers (more than 10 hr/week exposure to environmental cigarette smoke), and 38 nonsmokers (no cigarette smoke exposure). There were no significant differences in plasma TBARS and LPO levels among the three groups. Plasma levels of AA, the reduced form of vitamin C, were significantly lower in active smokers than in the combined nonsmoking groups (7.2 +/- 3.5 and 8.4 +/- 3.4 microg/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). Although no significant differences were found in plasma DHAA levels among the three groups, the ratios of DHAA to total AA were significantly higher in active and passive smokers than nonexposed nonsmokers (11.2, 10.3, and 7.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). These results indicate that passive smoking, as well as direct inhalation of cigarette smoke, affects the redox status of plasma AA. In passive smokers, the altered redox status of plasma AA suggests an oxidative stress.
Fall in peak expiratory flow during haemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure.
Authors: P Wu, I K Cheng, W K Lam
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Role of histamine release in hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstrictionIn a recent study Dr O'Hickey and his colleagues (August 1989;44:650-3) inves- tigated the inhibitory effect of terfenadine on hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstric- tion in asthmatic subjects.Terfenadine was administered in two doses of 120 mg 12 hours and two hours before challenge with hyper- tonic saline, and gave significant protection against this stimulus, displacing the geometric mean PD20 FEV, from 22 to 56 1 drawn from the ultrasonic nebuliser.The authors concluded that airway his- tamine release was only one of several mechanisms mediating the bronchoconstrictor response to hypertonic saline, because of the substantial intersubject variation in the inhibitory effect of terfenadine in their study.This apparent heterogeneity may be due, among other factors, to an inadequate dose of terfenadine.Previous work, by Hopp et al, showed that when terfenadine was administered four hours before bronchial challenge with ultrasonically nebulised distilled water a drug dose of 240 mg gave better protection than that afforded by 120 mg.' A recent study using a dose of 180 mg terfenadine adminis- tered three hours before hypertonic saline challenge showed a geometric mean increase of PD25 by a factor of 7 2,' somewhat greater than the 2-5 fold shift reported by Dr O'Hickey and colleagues.It may be supposed that after airway mast cell degranulation a histamine concentration gradient exists,
ON FAeCAL FERMENTATION AS A SOURCE OF DISEASE
Authors: C. H. F. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1856)

8". 13. 18".1 solution in water abounds, this effcct is usually produced.This was the case in Croydon, where a severe diarrhoea in the Park Lane School was traced by Messrs. Carpenter and WVestall to the admixture of sewage m-atter with thc well water drunk by the inmates.The frequency of diarrhoea in choleraic times, from the drinking of bad water, is also proverbial, such water containing offensive matters in solu- tion, mostly derived from night soil, or other refuse matter.This same effect is commonly produced by the water of on 23 July
THE TREATMENT OF THE EPILEPTIC STATUS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PRESENT STATUS OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reye's syndrome—aspirin link: a bit stronger
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An advisory issued five weeks ago by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta warned that the use of salicylate-containing products to treat fevers in children with varicella or influenza should be avoided if possible. The advisory was based on a statistical association between the administration of salicylates to children with either of these illnesses and the subsequent occurrence of Reye's syndrome. The reaction was immediate, both in terms of press coverage by national media and questions from perplexed parents who have come to rely on these over-the-counter agents to reduce fevers in children. A third reaction was a charge of drug-company influence on the CDC; that allegation came from Sidney Wolfe, MD, director of the Ralph Naderaffiliated Health Research Group, Washington, DC. The episode illustrated well the problems that can arise when important medical decisions are made on the basis of insufficient scientific evidence. Said the CDC report,
Editorial Board
Authors: Stephen Mcleod, San Francisco, Daniel Albert, George Bartley, Creig Hoyt, Andrew Schachat, Henry Jampel, Bennie Jeng, Dale Fajardo, May Piotrowski, Meredith Jones Senior, Greg Pelkofski, Jeanine Beisel, Anita Agarwal, Ike Ahmed, Tin Aung, Singapore Balwantray, C Chauhan, Emily Chew, Michael Chiang, Mary Cotch, Anat Galor, Martine Jager
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: MICHAEL C. GEOKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The exocrine pancreas secretes into the gut on demand more than 20 proteins that are indispensable for digestion. In-vivo autodigestion is prevented by an array of natural safeguards. In acute pancreatitis, inappropriate intrapancreatic activation and release of pancreatic hydrolases occur, but the pathogenetic mechanism of autodigestion is unclear. The release of proteases, lipase and colipase, phospholipase A, vasoactive peptides, and other agents probably accounts for the edema, tissue destruction, fat necrosis, metabolic abnormalities, and complications. Ethyl alcohol abuse, gallstones, trauma, and other common and rare conditions can induce pancreatitis. The patient's outcome can be predicted by certain prognostic signs. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography are invaluable diagnostic tools and magnetic resonance imaging appears promising. Hemodynamic monitoring, intensive care with colloid and crystalloid infusions, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, judicious use of antibiotics, peritoneal lavage, drainage of pancreatic exudation fluids, and surgical intervention require a team approach, especially in patients with multiple complications. Additional research is needed into the pathogenetic mechanism of autodigestion and the design of specific therapies.
Factors related to end-of-life (EOL) chemotherapy in solid tumor (ST) patients.
Authors: Maria Alma Rodriguez, Yvette A DeJesus, Lee Cheng, Aman Buzdar, Thomas W. Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

92 Background: Quality performance measures for cancer care, including use of chemotherapy in the last two-weeks of life, will be required for reporting. In this study, we evaluated the use of chemotherapy in ST patients (pts) within 14 days of EOL relative to several factors that may influence this practice. Methods: Adult pts (≥18 years) treated for ST at our institution, deceased December 01, 2010 through May 31, 2012, were retrospectively studied. Data on demographics, chemotherapy (excluded: hormones) within 14 days EOL, comorbidities, and cancer diagnoses were from administrative databases. Logistic regression analysis was performed for association of EOL chemotherapy with age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, cancer types, and metastatic status. Results: 5,607 pts met study criteria: median age 64 years; 48% female; 76% metastatic disease. EOL chemotherapy frequency was 3.9% overall, 4.6% in metastatic disease versus 1.7% in non-metastatic disease (p&lt;0.01). Of 23 patients who received chemotherapy and had non-metastatic disease, the major tumor sites were: brain/other nerve system (34.8%) and lung/bronchus (21.7%).The top 10 frequencies in chemotherapy use by tumour sites were: melanoma (6.7%), female breast (5.5%), lung and bronchus (4.9%), pancreas (4.2%), brain/other never system (3.9%), head and neck (3.8%), female genital system, excluding ovary (3.4%), ovary (3.2%), liver/intrahepatic bile duct (3.0%), colon and rectum (2.6%). By regression analysis, the factor statistically significantly associated with receiving chemotherapy was metastatic disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.29; 95% CI,1.96-5.54), while factors associated with significantly less treatment were age ≥ 65 (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90); and any comorbid conditions (≥1 versus 0) (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38-0.89). Conclusions: A small portion of ST patients who died received EOL chemotherapy (3.9%). However, metastatic disease and diagnosis category influenced treatment. Melanoma and breast cancer patients had higher frequency of EOL treatment. Older age and comorbidities were associated with less treatment. Variation in EOL treatment of ST patients is thus influenced by several clinical factors, but did not seem influenced by gender or ethnicity factors.
Rapid Growth
Authors: Fintan R. Steele
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

In 1967, Nobel Laureate Marshall Nirenberg wrote in Science about the imminent possibility of reprogramming cells to produce “synthetic” messages and warned that society may not be ready to cope with this new human power over genetics (1Nirenberg M.W. Will society be prepared?.Science. 1967; 157: 425-633Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar). Thirty-four years later, we are here in Seattle at the largest public gathering yet of professionals dedicated to the improvement of human health through the application of gene therapy. Although there are still significant struggles, a majority of the public has largely accepted the inevitability of genetic medicine, and even actively supports it. Through open presentations and discussion of the best research at this meeting, we are encouraging this continuing dialogue. It is particularly gratifying that Molecular Therapy has rapidly become an important forum for the most important work in gene therapy and related fields of research. By publishing the Abstracts of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gene Therapy under its title, we are helping to ensure the widest possible access to this information, including free public access via our web site. Following last year's meeting, the editors of Molecular Therapy received many manuscripts presenting data from all areas of this growing discipline, and we were privileged to publish the best of them. We look forward to the same this year. On behalf of the Editorial Board, I encourage you to consider Molecular Therapy first when you are deciding where to send your best work. After all, this is the journal received and read by the vast majority of your peers, which should be the first consideration in any decision about where one's work can have the most impact. I also encourage you to let us know how Molecular Therapy can better serve both you and the community. Have a great meeting.
Current Practices and Attitudes Toward Cholesterol Management in Patients With Recent Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Survey of Community Physicians
Authors: Jorge L Yarzebski, Carmen Bujor, Robert J Goldberg, Frederick A Spencer, Darleen Lessard, Joel M Gore
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P41 Background: Recurrent coronary events and mortality are associated with elevated serum cholesterol levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It’s unclear what physicians’ current attitudes and practices are toward the management of high cholesterol levels in patients with recent AMI. We carried out a survey of practicing physicians to examine factors that influence physicians prescription of lipid-lowering and dietary therapy in patients with recent AMI and threshold levels of cholesterol for intervention. Methods: Mailed questionnaire survey of general internists, cardiologists, and family physicians practicing and/or having admitting privileges to all Worcester (MA) metropolitan hospitals. Results: Among the 257 responding physicians, lipid lowering therapy was more likely to be initiated in younger patients at lower total and LDL-cholesterol levels than in older patients. Younger physicians were more likely to initiate dietary and lipid lowering drug therapy at lower total and LDL-cholesterol levels. General practice physicians were more likely to initiate dietary therapy at lower total cholesterol levels, but more likely to initiate lipid lowering drug therapy at higher total and LDL-cholesterol levels, than internists and cardiologists. The most important factors reported by physicians which interfered with patient’s use of lipid lowering drug therapy were their concerns about medication costs, issues related to polypharmacy, and failure to recognize the importance of lipid lowering drugs. Several physician associated factors including provider responsibility and importance of other cardiac drugs were associated with the more widespread use of these medications. Conclusions: Results of this survey in a representative sample of community physicians suggest that older physicians are less likely to implement recommended treatment guidelines in patients with recent AMI and high cholesterol. Additional efforts are needed to modify potential barriers to the implementation of effective long-term cholesterol management in patients with recent AMI.
P1.14-29 Surgical Treatment for Metastatic Lung Tumors from Various Sarcomas
Authors: H. Yamamoto, K. Namba, K. Takahashi, J. Soh, K. Shien, T. Kurosaki, S. Ohtani, M. Okazaki, S. Sugimoto, M. Yamane, T. Oto, S. Toyooka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Empire Rheumatism Council
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1949)

I am very glad to be able to preside at this twelfth Annual General Meeting of the Rheumatism Council.It is, I think, generally known that the Council was formed in 1936 to investigate methodic- ally every factor in the causation and treatment of the rheumatic diseases, and the programme of work which has been achieved to date gives us not only satisfaction with past results but inspiration to press vigorously forward with the tasks that lie ahead.My first duty to-day is to pay tribute to our Chairman, Lord Horder, who apart from being the inspiring influence which brought about the inauguration of the Council has since then, with constant interest and singleness of purpose, afforded it the great benefit of his knowledge and experience.Then to the Members of the Council, to the Executive, and to the Scientific Advisory Committee, I must express my thanks for the able and devoted services they have so freely rendered in a voluntary capacity and which, I am sure, cannot have been given without personal cost and inconvenience.The Council is at all times happy to place its knowledge and experience at the disposal of all interested bodies and persons, and its comparatively short history reveals a remarkable effort for the benefit of rheumatic sufferers.The schemes of research begun and envisaged in 1936 were seriously hampered and interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1939, but, in spite of the many difficulties and frustrations due to seven years of world upheaval, it is encouraging to know that the Council found it possible to make substantial gmnts to many organizations and individuals.
Trends in exposure to multiple lines of treatment and survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A real-world analysis.
Authors: Raffaele Ratta, Massimo Di Maio, Elena Verzoni, Paolo Grassi, Rosanna Montone, Margherita Sorrentino, Alessia Mennitto, Michele Prisciandaro, Filippo G. De Braud, Giuseppe Procopio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e16064 Background: In recent years, several new agents have been introduced into clinical practice for patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). The aim of this study was to describe the difference in terms of exposure to multiple lines of treatment and overall survival (OS) between two groups of pts who started therapy for mRCC in two different periods of time (period 1: 2005-2010 and period 2: 2011-2016). Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from the database of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan. The proportion of pts who received subsequent lines of treatment after first disease progression (PD) was compared between the two groups of pts. OS was defined as time from the start of first-line treatment to death or last follow-up. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses for Heng risk groups were done. Results: Overall,457 pts with mRCC were evaluated: 274 pts (60%) started treatment in period 1 and 183 (40%) in period 2. Most pts in both groups had intermediate risk (65.7% and 86.3% respectively). The proportion of poor-risk pts was significantly higher in period 1 (21.2% vs 7.7%). Among pts who stopped first-line treatment due to PD, pts in period 2 had a higher chance of receiving second-line treatment as compared to pts of period 1 (80.8% vs 64.7%, 95% CI 1.31-4.04, p = 0.003). Similarly, among those who stopped second-line treatment due to PD, pts in period 2 had a higher chance of receiving a third-line treatment compared to pts in period 1 (71.2% vs 49.3%, 95% CI 1.32-4.87, p = 0.004). In the whole study population, median OS (mOS) was 24.9 months (95% CI 21.6-31.1): 21.7 months (95% CI 18.8-26.3) in pts of period 1 and 38.2 months (95% CI 27.7-49.0) in pts of period 2 (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.65,95% CI 0.49-0.84, p = 0.001) respectively. When adjusted for Heng groups, OS remained significantly longer for pts of period 2 (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, p = 0.05). Conclusions: mRCC pts who started a treatment over the last 5 years have been exposed to a higher number of treatment lines as compared to those treated before 2011. Our data suggest that the increase of treatment options as well as a better clinicians’ expertise is associated with a better outcome.
Liver transplantation after transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPSS): Technical complications . University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The mediators of the hyperdynamic circulation of liver cirrhosis are not well characterized. Substance P is a potent vasodilatory peptide produced by the enteric nervous system and partly cleared by the liver. In this work we have investigated the plasma levels of substance P and their relationship to the hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and renal function changes occurring in patients with cirrhosis. Seven healthy subjects (control group), 7 cirrhotic patients without ascites (group I), and 24 cirrhotic patients with ascites (group II) were studied. Cardiac output (CO), femoral blood flow (FBF), blood volume (BV), femoral arteriovenous difference of oxygen content (Ca-v O2), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were determined. Five patients underwent trans-jugular intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt (TIPSS) because of refractory ascites. Immunoreactive substance P (irSP) was measured by radioimmunoassay after plasma extraction. irSP was higher in ascitic patients than in healthy controls (P < .01) and directly correlated with PRA, PAC, plasma NE, and Pugh's score and was inversely correlated with urinary sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and Ca-v O2. No differences were observed between portal and peripheral vein irSP concentration. TIPSS placement induced a decrease in portal pressure and an increase in CO but circulating irSP remained unchanged. Our data show that circulating irSP is increased in decompensated cirrhotic patients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hemodynamic changes of cirrhosis. Alleviation of portal hypertension did not result in decreased plasma levels of this vasodilatory substance.