tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy: interim recommendations of a Working Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology.
Authors: V Weller, Pj Hano
Journal: Gut (1988)

1. All patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy must be considered 'at risk' for HIV and appropriate cleaning/disinfection measures taken for endoscopes and accessories. 2. Thorough manual cleaning with detergent, of the instrument and its channels is the most important part of the cleaning/disinfection procedure. Without this, blood, mucus and organic material will prevent adequate penetration of disinfectant for inactivation of bacteria and viruses. 3. Aldehyde preparations (2% activated glutaraldehyde and related products) are the recommended first line antibacterial and antiviral disinfectant. A four minute soak is recommended as sufficient for inactivation of vegetative bacteria and viruses (including HIV and HBV). 4. Quaternary ammonium detergents (8% Dettox for two minutes for bacterial disinfection), followed by exposure of the endoscope shaft and channels to ethyl alcohol (70% for four minutes for viral inactivation), is an acceptable second-line disinfectant routine where staff sensitisation prevents the use of an aldehyde disinfectant. 5. Accessories, including mouthguards and cleaning brushes, require similarly careful cleaning/disinfection, before and after each use. Disposable products (especially injection needles) may be used and appropriate items can be sterilised by autoclaving and kept in sterile packs. 6. Closed circuit endoscope washing machines have advantages in maintaining standards and avoiding staff sensitisation to disinfectants. Improved ventilation including exhaust extraction facilities may be required. 7. Endoscopy staff should receive HBV vaccination, wear gloves and appropriate protective garments, cover wounds or abrasions and avoid needlestick injuries (including spiked forceps, etc). 8. Known HIV-infected or AIDS patients are managed as immunosuppressed, and require protection from atypical mycobacteria/cryptosporidia etc, by one hour aldehyde disinfection of endoscopic equipment before and after the procedure. A dedicated instrument is not required. 9. Increased funding is necessary for capital purchases of GI endoscopic equipment, including extra and immersible endoscopes with additional accessories to allow for safe practice. 10. Greater numbers of trained GI assistants are needed to ensure that cleaning/disinfection recommendations and safety precautions are followed, both during routine lists and emergency endoscopic procedures. 11. These recommendations are based on expert interpretation of current data on infectivity and disinfection; they may require future modification.
Abstract 1532: Stemofoline is a potent natural product modulator of the multidrug resistance-linked P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)
Authors: Shinobu Ohnuma, Wisinee Chanmahasathien, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Pornngarm Limtrakul
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Stemofoline is a plant alkaloid isolated from Stemona, which is native to Eastern and Southeastern Asia and Northern Australasia. The extract from the tuberous roots of Stemona is used to treat respiratory disorders, including pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchitis, and different insect pests. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. We investigated the effect of stemofoline on P-gp function aiming to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR. Stemofoline stimulated P-gp-mediated ATP hydrolysis (conc. required for 50% stimulation = 10-12 micro M). In addition, Stemofoline did not change the Km for ATP, suggesting that this alkaloid seems to interact with drug-binding site of P-gp. Consistent with this view, stemofoline inhibited the photo-crosslinking of P-gp with [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP; IC 50 = 7 micro M), which is a transport substrate of P-gp. Interestingly, stemofoline instead of inhibiting substrate-stimulated ATP hydrolysis (such as verapamil and vinblastine), it further enhanced the ATPase activity suggesting that stemofoline and these drugs (verapamil and vinblasine) bind simultaneously to P-gp in the drug-binding pocket. In addition, the efflux of the fluorescent substrates such as calcein-AM and Bodipy-verapamil from P-gp expressing cells was blocked by stemofoline in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, stemofoline was not cytotoxic to P-gp expressing KB-V1 or parental KB-3-1 cells up to 100 micro M concentration, but this compound at non-toxic concentration (1 − 5 micro M) sensitized KB-V1 cells to vinblastine. Stemofoline does not appear to interact with ABCG2 transporter, which is also linked to development of MDR. These studies indicate that stemofoline could be developed as a specific potent modulator to overcome P-gp-mediated MDR in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1532.
Presurgical Screening
Authors: Herbert Freilich
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Collens and Frost (224:1530, 1973) described a screening clinic for presurgical patients that they had instituted in 1972. Their approach is good but not new. Their program is almost identical with a preadmission testing program I started in 1960 in the clinic at Queens Hospital Center in Jamaica, NY. This is a 1,400-bed municipal hospital serving a large indigent population. After extensive planning and coordination, a system was developed whereby elective surgical patients had all appropriate tests performed in the outpatient department. This eliminated the lengthy preoperative stays that other city hospitals experienced. Patients were also given medical clearance as outpatients, thereby eliminating another source of inpatient delay (<i>NY State J Med</i>, Aug 15, 1965). Among the benefits were decrease in hospital days, with accompanying reduction of costs, improved service to patients, discovery of lesions not previously known, and maintenance of a backlog of patients to "fill
Prognosis of Tropical Sprue: A Study of Effect of Folic Acid on Intestinal Aspects of Acute and Chronic Sprue T. W. Sheehy, B. Baggs, E. Perez-Santiago and M. H. Floch
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Abstract 20670: Coronary Microembolization During Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: An Intracoronary Doppler Study
Authors: Fadi Al-Rashid, Heike Hildebrandt, Theodor Baars, Till Neumann, Felix Nensa, Kai Nassenstein, Daniel Wendt, Matthias Thielmann, Heinz Jakob, Eva Kottenberg, Jürgen Perters, Raimund Erbel, Gerd Heusch, Philipp Kahlert
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: A postprocedural increase of the serum troponin I concentration (TnI) reflects myocardial injury and occurs frequently during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Periprocedural coronary microembolization is a potential cause of such injury. We therefore evaluated each step of the transfemoral TAVI procedure for coronary embolization using intracoronary Doppler (ICD) in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Methods: 15 high-risk patients with severe, symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (age 79 ± 45 yrs; EuroScore 17 ± 4%) who underwent transfemoral TAVI using the balloon-expandable Edwards bioprosthesis were included. ICD examinations were recorded and evaluated off-line for high-intensity transient signals (HITS). Perioperative concentrations of TnI were serially measured within the first 72 h after TAVI, and a cardiac MRI with late gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) was performed within 7 days. Results: HITS were detected in all patients (figure 1), mostly during the initial crossing of the native valve and positioning of the prosthesis with subsequent implantation. TnI peaked at 24 h after TAVI (3.17 ng/ml), and LGE was observed in only one single case. There was no correlation between amount of HITS and TnI area under the curve in the first 72 h after TAVI. Conclusions: Procedural HITS were detected by ICD in all patients undergoing transfemoral TAVI. The highest amount of HITS was observed during initial valve passage and positioning of the prosthesis with subsequent implantation. However, no association was found between the number of HITS and myocardial injury, as reflected by increased serum TnI concentrations or LGE on cardiac MRI.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Leukemia and Other Cancers in Benzene Workers
Authors: S.-N. Yin, G.-L. Li, F.-D. Tain, Z.-I. Fu, C. Jin, Y.-J. Chen, S.-J. Luo, P.-Z. Ye, J.-Z. Zhang, G.-C. Wang, X.-C. Zhang, H.-N. Wu, Q.-C. Zhong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 1982–1983 among 28,460 benzene-exposed workers (15,643 males, 12,817 females) from 233 factories and 28,257 control workers (16,621 males, 12,366 females) from 83 factories in 12 large cities in China. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among the exposed (265.46/100,000 person-years) than among the unexposed (139.06/100,000 person-years), as was mortality from all malignant neoplasms (123.21/100,000 versus 54.7/100,000, respectively). For certain cancers, increased mortality was noted among benzene-exposed males in comparison with that among unexposed males; the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were elevated for leukemia (SMR = 5.74), lung cancer (SMR = 2.31), primary hepatocarcinoma (SMR = 1.12), and stomach cancer (SMR = 1.22). For females only leukemia occurred in excess among the exposed. Risk of leukemia rose as duration to exposure to benzene increased up to 15 years, and then declined with additional years of exposure. Leukemia occurred among some workers with as little as 6 to 10 ppm average exposure and 50 ppm-years (or possibly less) cumulative lifetime exposure (based on all available measurements for the exposed work units). Among the 30 leukemia cases identified in the exposed cohort, the proportion of subjects with acute lymphocytic leukemia was substantially lower and the proportion with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias was higher than in the general population. During 1972 to 1981, the annual incidence of leukemia ranged from 5.83 to 28.33 per 100,000 with higher rates occurring in the interval 1977 to 1981 than in the earlier years of the study period. Future studies should evaluate more precisely the relationship between exposure levels, job title, and development of leukemia among cases and noncases within the exposed cohort.
In Reply
Authors: Paul E. Goss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Using an analysis of just one arm of the MA-17 trial, Goss et al 1 conclude in the title of their article that late extended letrozole improves outcome in women in early-stage breast cancer who complete 5 years of tamoxifen.However, the presented data cannot justify the title or the conclusion.It is well recognized that women from a better socioeconomic background, those who choose to have earlier investigations and prompt treatment-the healthy women-fare better than others.This major unexplained confounding factor cannot be completely compensated by any of the means, statistical or otherwise, employed by the authors and could contribute significantly toward the difference in the outcomes of those who chose to switch from placebo to letrozole and those who chose not to switch.A simple study that could test whether this difference is because of self-selection.Just ask all the women who were in the other arm-the letrozole arm of the study-to first imagine that they were receiving the placebo in the original random assignment.Then, ask them the exact question that was posed to the women in the placebo arm, including the exact information sheet about the benefit of letrozole, asking them whether they would want to switch or not.Then, compare the outcome of those women who would have wanted to switch with those who would not or could not decide (as the latter would have just maintained status quo and remained on the placebo).If there is no difference in the outcome of these two groups, then we could take the conclusions of the latest article more seriously.If there is a difference, then the benefit of extended letrozole could be estimated from the comparison of the differences in each arm.The principle is explained in Figure 1.
Retroviral gene transfer into cord blood stem/progenitor cells using purified vector stocks
Authors: Julie Asch, Rona S. Weinberg, Lisa Mueller, Yelena Galperin, Lily Kiang, Douglas Jolly, Luis M. Isola
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Cord blood (CB) progenitor/stem cells (P/SC) are ideal targets for early gene therapy in individuals prenatally diagnosed with genetic disorders.Most retroviral transduction protocols were developed using adult peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM).Less is known about retroviral transduction of CB P/SC.We examined how timing, multiplicity of infection (MOI), and polycations in the transduction media affect transduction efficiency.Rates of transduction were determined in recently isolated CD34 + enriched CB cells and in colonies derived after various times in liquid cultures (LC).CB mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated by ficoll-hypaque centrifugation and enriched for CD34 + cells.Purity was assessed by flow cytometry.Transduction were performed with clinical-grade retroviral stocks at MOIs of 1-20.Transduction was performed with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or autologous plasma, IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-6, and SCF.The retroviral vector contained LacZ and neomycin resistance (neo) reporter genes.Transduction was determined by X-gal stain and by PCR amplification of the reporter genes.No drug selection was used.Twenty-five experiments were done.CB volumes ranged from 35-150 ml.MNC and CD34 + cell counts ranges were: 0.14-840 × 10 6 and 0.1-4.2× 10 6 , respectively.Transduction efficiency in liquid cultures ranged from 4-63%.Higher rates were seen using MOI у 10, 2 µg/ml polybrene, and 10% autologous CB plasma.In colonies, transduction rates were 63 to 72% by PCR and 32% by X-gal staining.In LTC-IC derived colonies, transduction was 7% by PCR.Short incubations of CD34 + CB cells with purified retroviral stocks, polybrene, and autologous sera result in high transduction rates of committed progenitors and moderately low efficiencies of transduction of LTC-IC in the absence of drug selection.Am.
OS6.4 NOA-16: A first-in-man multicenter phase I clinical trial of the German Neurooncology Working Group evaluating a mutation-specific peptide vaccine targeting IDH1R132H in patients with newly diagnosed malignant astrocytomas
Authors: M Platten, D Schilling, L Bunse, A Wick, T Bunse, D Riehl, E Green, K Sanghvi, I Karapanagiotou-Schenkel, I Harting, F Sahm, J Steinbach, A Weyerbrock, J Hense, M Misch, D Krex, S Setvanovic, G Tabatabai, A von Deimling, M Schmitt, W Wick
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

In preclinical studies we have defined IDH1R132H as a clonal neoantigen presented on MHC class II. A peptide vaccine encompassing IDH1R132H induces tumor-specific T helper cell responses effective in controlling syngeneic IDH1R132H-mutant tumors in humanized mouse models. NOA-16 (NCT02454634) is a first-in-man, multicenter, phase I trial testing the safety and immunogenicity of an IDH1R132H peptide in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant in patients with newly diagnosed, IDH1R132H mutant WHO °III and °IV astrocytomas. Between September 2015 and October 2016, 32 patients were enrolled in seven German sites. 23 patients (71.9%) received radiochemotherapy with temozolomide, six patients (18.8%) received radiotherapy alone and three patients (9.4%) received temozolomide alone. 249 vaccines were administered, 29 (90.6%) of the patients of the safety set (N=32) and 27 (90.0%) patients of the immunogenicity set (N=30) received all eight vaccines. No regime-limiting toxicity was observed. The majority of the patients (N=29, 90.6%) experienced treatment related adverse events (trAE), 1 (3.1%) of them had treatment related SAE. None of the reported AEs were severe. 28/30 (93.3%) patients, who were evaluable for immunogenicity, displayed mutation-specific T cellular (24/30 (80%)) or humoral (26/30 patients (87%)) immune responses not detectable before vaccination. Until end of study no deaths were observed. 4/32 (12.5 %) patients had PD according to RANO criteria, all other patients (N=28, 87.5%) had SD. 12/32 (37.5%) patients displayed pseudoprogressions after the initiation of the vaccine. Single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing allowed for the identification of IDH1R132H-specific TCRs. NOA-16 met its primary endpoints by demonstrating safety and immunogenicity of a mutation-specific IDH1R132H peptide vaccine given with standard of care in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1R132H mutant malignant astrocytoma.
AMA-RPS Policy Promotion Grants
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sweat Chloride in Patients with Chronic Bronchial Disease and Its Relation to Mucoviscidosis (Cystic Fibrosis)
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meat Impaction in the Esophagus Treated by Enzymatic Digestion-Reply
Authors: Alan S. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is certainly valid to object to the use of this therapeutic modality in instances where the offending bolus is chicken or lobster, and the article did not suggest such treatment in these circumstances, as evidenced by the word "meat" in the title. It is possible that the word "beef" would have been a more specific choice. A plain x-ray film of the chest is indicated before an esophagram is made, in order to visualize a possible bony spicule. It is readily admitted that a small piece of bone can escape detection. On the other hand, the presence of a bone fragment in a piece of ingested beefsteak or roast beef seems unlikely. It is possibly more likely in a lamb chop or a pork chop. Under any circumstance, it is my feeling that the use of papain must be weighed carefully in each individual case. I
The Heart.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician Certification and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators—Reply
Authors: James Coromilas
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal