tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXTRAINTESTINAL INFLAMMATORY LESIONS CAUSED BY TYPHOID BACILLUS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

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Plain language summaries in Simplified Chinese
Authors: D Kelly, E Theodoratou, S Farrington, R Fraser, V Ludbrook, K Hicks, K Hanrott, J Patel, M Binks, M Wyres, J Watson, P Wilson, E Gutierrez-Herrera, A Ortiz, A Doukas, W Franco
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)
PWE-044 Exploring the efficacy of weight-based dosing of thiopurine therapy in relation to metabolite levels at week 12 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: R Cox, H Lee, R Willert
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Traditionally patients commencing on thiopurine therapy in IBD have been dosed according to their body weight with data showing less than 70% achieve long term steroid free remission.<sup>1</sup>The ability to measure thiopurine metabolites has shown that 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels inversely correlate with disease activity and patients with sub-therapeutic concentrations are less likely to achieve remission. Also very high 6-TGN concentrations risk myelotoxicity and hepatic nodular regernative hyperplasia whilst 6-methyl mercaptopurine (6-MMP) concentrations above 5700 pmol/8 × 10<sup>8</sup>correlate with hepatotoxicity.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Method</h3> The primary aim of this study was to assess how effective weight based dosing is in achieving therapeutic 6-TGN levels after 12 weeks of therapy, in patients with normal TPMT activity, when commencing thiopurines for the first time at our institution for both Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis between Oct 2013 and July 2014. The incidence of potentially toxic thiopurine levels was also assessed along with symptoms, MCV, LFTs and disease activity indicies. All patients with normal TMPT levels were dosed at 2.5 mg/kg (azathioprine) or 1.5 mg/kg (mercaptopurine) with any dose adjustments made clinically based on blood results and symptoms. <h3>Results</h3> From 37 patients with normal TPMT activity (19 male) at week 12 on stable thiopurine weight based therapy 15 (41%) did not achieve therapeutic 6-TGN concentrations. 7 (19%) were under-dosed, 6 (16%) were overdosed and 2 (6%) preferentially metabolised to excessive 6-MMP levels. Disease activity indices, faecal calprotectin, MCV and routine blood monitoring for leucopenia and abnormal LFTs did not consistently correlate with metabolite levels at week 12. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Weight-based dosing does not appear to be an accurate method for establishing patients on thiopurine maintenance therapy and this may explain the previous perceived lack of efficacy of thiopurines in a significant number of patients. MCV cannot be used as a surrogate for sufficient 6-TGN levels at week 12 and of the 2 “shunters” neither had significantly abnormal LFTs highlighting the need to identify these group using metabolite monitoring to enable allopurinol co-prescribing. The lack of correlation with disease activity indicies at week 12 likely reflects the patients having recently completed an induction course of steroids and that thiopurines themselves are not induction agents. Starting patients on weight-based dosing plus metabolite monitoring at week 12 to achieve therapeutic ranges may increase long term maintenance rates and increase the safety of treatment by preventing toxicity and a larger long term outcome study is warranted. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> D9Haens G, <i>et al</i>. 1999;50:667–71 Moreau AC, <i>et al</i>. 2014;20:464–71
Identification of significant fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using non-invasive tests: determination of optimal thresholds based on cross-sectional analyses of patients screened for a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Darshini Shah, Xiaomeng Niu, Jalpa A. Doshi, Steve Marcus, Gerardo Rodriquez, Elliot Tapper
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Contents
Authors: S Friedman, D Samuel, A Erhardt, G Tiegs, R Kelley, F Yao, S Ibrahim, G Gores, M Lemoine, L Serfaty, V Ratziu, M Voiculescu, T Poynard, V Volarevic, M Mitrovic, M Milovanovic, I Zelen, I Nikolic, S Mitrovic, N Pejnovic, N Arsenijevic, M Lukic, C.-F Huang, J.-F Huang, J.-F Yang, M.-Y Hsieh, Z.-Y Lin, S.-C Chen, L.-Y Wang, S Juo, K.-C Chen, W.-L Chuang, H.-T Kuo, C.-Y Dai, M.-L Yu, I Delang, P Vliegen, J Leyssen, P Ingiliz, M.-A Valantin, P Preziosi, L Finzi, R Pais, L Fedchuk, S Dominguez, C Katlama, Y Benhamou, J.-P Zarski, N Sturm, J Guechot, A Paris, E.-S Zafrani, T Asselah, R.-C Boisson, J.-L Bosson, D Guyader, J.-C Renversez, J.-P Bronowicki, M.-C Gelineau, A Tran, C Trocme, V De Ledinghen, E Lasnier, A Poujol-Robert, F Ziegler, M Bourliere, H Voitot, D Larrey, S.-A Lee, K Kim, H Kim, B.-J Kim, M Oria, J Romero-Gime ´nez, J Arranz, E Riudor, N Raguer, J Co, I Mederacke, N Filmann, C Yurdaydin, B Bremer, F Puls, B Zacher, B Heidrich, H Tillmann, J Rosenau, C.-Thomas Bock, B Savas, F Helfritz, F Lehner, C Strassburg, J Klempnauer, K Wursthorn, U Lehmann, M Manns, E Herrmann, H Wedemeyer, B Ozanne, J Nelson, J Cousineau, M Lambert, V Phan, G Mitchell, F Alvarez, T Ducruet, P Jouvet, R Stravitz, T Lisman, V Luketic, R Sterling, P Puri, M Fuchs, A Ibrahim, W Lee, A Sanyal, Y Shi, H Rehman, V Ramshesh, J Schwartz, Q Liu, Y Krishnasamy, X Zhang, J Lemasters, C Smith, Z Zhong, S Kuroda, H Tashiro, Y Igarashi, Y Tanimoto, J Nambu, A Oshita, T Kobayashi, H Amano, Y Tanaka, H Ohdan, N Selzner, H Liu, M Boehnert, O Adeyi, I Shalev, A Bartczak, M Xue-Zhong, J Manuel, O Rotstein, I Mcgilvray, D Grant, M Phillips, G Levy, M Selzner, G N'kontchou, M Aout, A Laurent, P Nahon, N Ganne-Carrie, V Grando, I Baghad, D Roulot, J Trinchet, N Sellier, D Cherqui, E Vicaut, M Beaugrand, O Seror, Y Tomimaru, H Eguchi, H Nagano, H Wada, S Kobayashi, S Marubashi, M Tanemura, A Tomokuni, I Takemasa, K Umeshita, T Kanto, Y Doki, M Mori, H Shao, C Gao, H Tang, H Zhang, L Roberts, B Hylander, E Repasky, W Ma, J Qiu, A Adjei, G Dy, C Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
TBCRC 003: Phase II trial of trastuzumab (T) and lapatinib (L) in patients (pts) with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
Authors: N. U. Lin, I. A. Mayer, T. J. Hobday, C. I. Falkson, E. C. Dees, R. Nanda, I. E. Krop, M. F. Rimawi, A. C. Wolff, E. P. Winer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS132 Background: In heavily pretreated pts, L+T is associated with superior progression-free and overall survival in comparison to L alone (Blackwell et al, 2009). In this study, we are evaluating the safety and efficacy of L+T in pts with 0-2 prior lines of therapy for HER2+ MBC. The study is also designed to explore mechanisms of resistance to anti-HER2 therapy. Methods: Pts with HER2+ MBC and measurable dz are eligible. Cohort 1: No prior T, L, or chemotherapy for MBC. At least 1 yr from adjuvant T, if received. Cohort 2: 1-2 prior lines of chemotherapy for MBC, including T, or relapse within 1 yr of adjuvant T. Pts receive L 1000 mg QD + T (2 mg/kg weekly or 6 mg/kg Q3W). The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST. The study is designed to distinguish between ORR 25% vs. 45% in Cohort 1 (2-stage design, ≥5 responses in 1st 17 pts required to enter 2nd stage; power 0.80, type I error 0.04, 14 responses in 36 pts needed to be promising), and between ORR 10% vs. 25% in Cohort 2 (2-stage design, ≥3 responses in 1st 22 pts required to enter 2nd stage; power 0.80, type I error 0.04, 8 responses in 40 pts needed to be promising). Up to 40 pts in Cohort 1 and 45 pts in Cohort 2 will be enrolled in order to reach the required number of evaluable pts. As of December 22, 2009, 59 pts have enrolled (Cohort 1=17; Cohort 2=42); both cohorts have passed the first stage. Correlative studies: Baseline research biopsy is required. We will perform the following: resequencing of EGFR, HER2, and PIK3CA, evaluation of PTEN expression, PTEN promoter methylation, MET amplification, and IGF-1R/HER2 heterodimers. We will explore whether there is enrichment of proposed resistance mechanisms moving from primary tumor to first recurrence (Cohort 1) to trastuzumab-resistance (Cohort 2). We will also explore whether PTEN and/or PI3K alterations are related to response to L+T. Next, we will explore whether MET amplification in circulating tumor cells arises or increases with L+T. Finally, the relationship between early FDG-PET response and RECIST response will be explored. We believe these detailed correlative studies will help identify the patient population that is most sensitive to dual HER2 inhibition. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration GlaxoSmithKline Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline
Loans Defaulted by Death
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Legal challenge to medically correct smoking bans
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

SAN FRANCISCO'S antismoking ordinance, which went into effect at the beginning of this month, is being challenged in a California court by the Philip Morris Co and some of the city's hotel and tavern operators. The ordinance now bans smoking in offices and would ban smoking in restaurants after this year. The court challenge contends that California's workplace safety regulations preempt any such city ordinance. Some businesses in Los Angeles are challenging a similar ordinance there. It bans smoking in restaurants. Some antitobacco advocates see such court challenges as part of a larger campaign by tobacco interests to convince state legislatures to pass laws—presumably less restrictive to smokers—that would preempt city ordinances. At the same time the San Francisco legal battle is being joined, the American Cancer Society is circulating its annual<i>Cancer Facts &amp; Figures</i>report. It says the most current available data indicate some 46 million persons in
A scanning electron microscopic study of liver microcirculation disarrangement in experimental rat cirrhosis
Authors: E Gaudio
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hepatic microcirculation has been related to liver function in several studies. The principle of this relationship lies in the sequential distribution of blood from the feeding vessels of the hepatic acinus to the central vein. This study was undertaken to investigate the progressive changes at different sites of the liver microvascular bed in the developing cirrhosis, both by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Experimental cirrhosis was induced with intragastric carbon tetrachloride. The most important vascular changes progressively observed are the reduction of the distance between the pre- and postsinusoidal vessels, the presence of newly formed shunting vessels bypassing the sinusoids and, finally, the development of a perinodular vascular plexus composed of pre- and postsinusoidal vessels. Newly formed vessels grow through preformed tissue septa. These vascular modifications make any zonal gradient hardly possible. The loss of the zonal gradient of perfusion could highly modify liver function, along with the structural changes of hepatic laminae. Hepatocyte regeneration cannot recover the original vascular relationships: this makes the morphological and functional destructuralization of cirrhotic liver irreversible. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:477–485.)
ALCOHOLISM IN FRANCE.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Drugs for Depression
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Despite all the advances in psychiatric treatment in the last twenty-five years there is still a mounting toll of over 5.000 successful suicides a year in England, and the number of unsuccessful attempts is much greater.Many of these are patients with depressive illnesses which have been wrongly diagnosed or unsuccessfully treated by both general practitioners and specialists alike.With the enormous additional burden of ill-health and misery brought about by lesser degrees of depressive illness, it is little wonder that the search for simple biochemical treatments has for many years been one of the aims of psychiatrists with a physiological bent.And the pharmaceutical manufacturers have also been aware for a long time that any drug helping depressive states will produce very material rewards.Nearly twenty-five years ago S. A. Peoples and E. Guttmann' reported the euphoric effects of " benzedrine," and great hopes were aroused.But the amphetamines have been able to play only a very limited role in the treatment of depressions, helping most patients for only a day or two before relapse occurs.However, preparations combining small doses of the amphetamines with barbiturates have more recently won a place in the treatment of milder depressions, though a tendency to cause addiction is a worrying feature.After the publication of some observations on the euphoric effects of iproniazid (" marsilid ") in patients being treated with this drug for tuberculosis, H. P. Loomer, J. C. Saunders, and N. S. Kline2 in 1957 reported on its value as a "psychic energizer" in mentally ill patients.It has since become obvious that this drug-and a whole range of others having a common action as inhibitors of amine oxidases3can be most beneficial in certain states of depression.
Acute Rheumatism
Authors: W. S. Oke
Journal: BMJ (1857)

ACUTE rheumatism has for some years past been of frequent occurrence; but it is more commonly met with in cold and damp situations.The labouring classes are most liable to the dis- ease.Persons of advanced age and young children are com- paratively exempt from it.Acute rheumatism consists of an inflamed, swollen, and painful condition of the joints; and, for the most part, it attacks the large articulations.Coagulable lymph is deposited in the cellular tissue surrounding the ligament; and serous fluid is often at the same time effused within the capsular cavities.It is accompanied by severe dynamic fever.The tongue is furred; the pulse is voluminous, strong, and fre- quent; the skin pours out a profuse sweat of a peculiar odour; and the urine is remarkably high coloured, abounding with deposits of lithates, and sometimes of purpurates.These symptoms, uncontrolled by medical treatment, generally con- tinue for many weeks.In some cases, the disease is apt to shift from joint to joint, or to an internal organ.When the latter result takes place, the organ attacked will exhibit the characters of inflammation.The internal parts most commonly attacked are the fibrous textures of the heart and pericardium; indeed, in the majority of young persons affected with acute rheumatism, it may be affirmed that the heart rarely escapes.It is remarkable that this important fact should not have been known before the commencement of the present century; and it is to auscultation that we are indebted for its discovery.Cullen, in his First Lines, dismisses the subject with scarce a remark.Baillie, in his MIorbid Anatonzy, has the following observation on the valves, but without any allusion to rheumatism:-" I have also seen the valvular apparatus between the auricle and ventricle in a state of inflammation, and covered with a layer of co- agulable lymph; but this I believe to be very uncommon."He makes no mention of the fibrinous vegetations on the borders of the valves, now so commonly met with.Alluding, however, further on, to enlargement of the organ, he writes: "The causes which produce a morbid growth of the heart are but little known; one of these would seem to be rheumatism [MAY 23, 1857.
THE CERTIFICATE PLAN.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

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The Brain Drain
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Further Clinical Laboratory Experiences with Coly-Mycin (Colistin): With Particular Reference to Synergism or Antagonism Between Coly-Mycin and Certain Other Antibiotics
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal