tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dermatology
Authors: Roger W. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Advances in the diagnosis, understanding, and treatment of skin diseases, like those in most areas of medicine, have become increasingly dependent on new technology or new basic science observations. Three examples of this general trend, with some exceptions, will be briefly considered. <h3>In Utero Biopsy for Cutaneous Disease: Accomplishments and Potential</h3> Refinement of the techniques of fetoscopy and fetal skin biopsy has permitted the diagnosis of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in a fetus at the 20th week of gestation.<sup>1</sup>Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. It is usually classified as a type of ichthyosis and is manifested in early postnatal life by erosions, blisters, and thickening of the horny layer of the epidermis. Lesions may be produced in apparently uninvolved areas of skin by mild frictional trauma. The disease is especially suited for prenatal diagnosis because, in affected families, it has a 50% chance of occurrence with each
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Any Questions ?We publish below a selection of tiiose questions and answers which seem of general interest.It is regretted that it is not possible to supply answers to all questions submitted.Surgical Treatment for Asthma Q.-What is the present position of surgical treatment for asthma, inclucling that of vagus interference?A.-Surgical treatment for asthma is in abeyance.The removal of a localized area of infection such as bron- chiectasis should decrease the frequency and severity of attacks.The results have not been reliable, and for this reason operating needs much judgment and experience.Bi- lateral division of the vagus does not relieve asthma in most cases.In many patients both lungs have been stripped of all nerve connexions save those of the walls of bronchus, artery, and veins.Asthma has not been relieved for more than a short time in the large majorityof cases.Occasionally tracheotomy with removal of obstructing secretions may be life-saving and may maintain the patient until the acute attack has passed.
Association of a Triallelic Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Region (5-HTTLPR) Polymorphism With Stressful Life Events and Severity of Depression
Authors: Gil Zalsman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The lower expressing allele of the serotonin transporter gene 5′ promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism is reported to be associated with susceptibility to depression and suicidality in response to stressful life events. The authors examined the relationship of a triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism to stressful life events, severity of major depression, and suicidality. Method: Mood disorder subjects (N=191) and healthy volunteers (N=125), all Caucasian subjects of European origin, were genotyped for the triallelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (higher expressing allele: L A ; lower expressing alleles: L G , S). All subjects underwent structured clinical interviews to determine DSM-IV diagnoses, ratings of psychopathology, stressful life events, developmental history, and suicidal behavior. CSF 5-HIAA was assayed in a subgroup of subjects. Results: Lower expressing alleles independently predicted greater depression severity and predicted greater severity of major depression with moderate to severe life events compared with the higher expressing L A allele. No associations with suicidal behavior and CSF 5-HIAA were found. Conclusions: Lower expressing transporter alleles, directly and by increasing the impact of stressful life events on severity, explain 31% of the variance in major depression severity. The biological phenotype responsible for these effects remains to be elucidated.
Nutrition
Authors: C. Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Two important reference documents in nutrition have recently been revised and updated. For more than 40 years, the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) have provided standards of reference for evaluating dietary intakes in the United States.<sup>1,2</sup>The tenth edition of<i>Recommended Dietary Allowances</i>is expected to be published soon, and planning for the 11th issue has already begun.<sup>3,4</sup>Despite their wide-ranging implications, the RDAs continue to be misinterpreted.<sup>5</sup>Common errors stem from confusing RDAs with daily requirements and from failing to appreciate that RDAs are expressed as the<i>average</i>daily amounts of nutrients that should be consumed over<i>time—not minimum</i>amounts that must be eaten<i>in any single day</i>. Beaton<sup>5</sup>has suggested that these errors, among others, reflect the fact that many users of the RDAs rely on the summary table, but have not bothered to read the full report. I suspect he is right Dietary Guidelines
Time to benefit for colorectal cancer screening: survival meta-analysis of flexible sigmoidoscopy trials
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Time to benefit for colorectal cancer screening: survival meta-analysis of flexible sigmoidoscopy trialsThe second sentence in the paragraph on "Comparison with other studies" should not be linked to reference 30 (BMJ 2015;350:h1662, doi:10.1136/bmj.h1662).This sentence, "Our previous survival meta-analysis of the time to benefit for fecal occult blood testing suggested that it would take 10 years (95% confidence interval 6 to 16) to avoid one death from colorectal cancer per 1000 people screened," is, in fact, supported by the study cited in reference 22. Reference 30 shouldn't be a part of the references and its inclusion is an error.
2010 Guidelines for Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV From the International AIDS Society–USA Panel—Reply
Authors: Melanie A. Thompson, Huldrych F. Günthard, Robert T. Schooley
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aflatrem: A Tremorgenic Mycotoxin with Acute Neurotoxic Effects
Authors: James J. Valdes, Jacqueline E. Cameron, Richard J. Cole
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Tremorgenic mycotoxins induce neurologic symptoms ranging from mental confusion to tremors, seizures and death, and are apparently the only class of mycotoxins with significant central nervous system activity. Tremorgens have been implicated in a number of neurologic diseases of cattle collectively known as staggers syndromes, and pose significant agricultural and health problems for both cattle and humans. Although the effects of tremorgens are thought to result from transient perturbations of amino acid neurotransmitter release mechanisms, there is reason to believe that acute exposures to toxins with such synaptic effects may result in degeneration of neuronal fiber processes. To test this hypothesis, rats were given a single tremorgenic (3 mg/kg, IP) dose of aflatrem, and kinetics of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake was assessed in isolated hippocampal nerve terminals at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after injection. Results indicate a decrease in the capacity of the GABA and glutamate uptake systems, which was interpreted as a loss of nerve terminals. The affinity constants suggest a decrease in release of these transmitters as well. In addition to its transient influence on transmitter release, a single low dose of aflatrem is able to induce degeneration of neuronal processes in hippocampal neurotransmitter systems and therefore represents a long-term health threat.
Genetic Hazards to Man From Environmental Agents
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1975)

Journal Article Genetic Hazards to Man From Environmental Agents Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 1975, Page 284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/54.1.284b Published: 01 January 1975
Enflurane: a new halogenated inhalational anesthetic
Authors: M. H. Dykes
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A monograph on enflurane, a new halogenated inhalational anesthetic, appears elsewhere in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>. This drug is the most recent addition to a series of such anesthetics that was begun with the introduction of chloroform by Simpson in 1847.<sup>1</sup> Beyond insistence on a lack of serious adverse effects, it is important to realize that any new inhalational anesthetic must come from a finite pool of chemical compounds that is limited in size by a number of restrictions. First, it appears that any potential inhalational anesthetic must be a compound of carbon and hydrogen with a variety of other atoms that may include oxygen and one or more halogens; substituted hydrocarbons and ethers have been the most promising configurations. Second, to be appropriately volatile and possibly to be anesthetic, such a compound must contain six or less carbon atoms. Third, to be nonflammable, such a compound must contain
The Anemia of Ulcerative Colitis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria during pregnancy
Authors: E. K. Main
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A pregnant 36-year-old Vietnamese refugee with chloroquine-resistant<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>infection was treated with pyrimethamine and a sulfonamide. This treatment produced rapid clearance of the patient's parasitemia and was associated with a resumption of normal fetal and uterine growth. Because the other drugs effective against chloroquine-resistant<i>P falciparum</i>may produce uterine stimulation (quinine sulfate) or damage the fetal skeleton (tetracyclines), the pyrimethamine-sulfonamide combination (with folinic acid supplementation) may be the best available choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant<i>P falciparum</i>infection in pregnancy, despite its theoretical risk of teratogenicity. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3207-3209)
Abortion Legislation
Authors: C. A. Winterling
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have one more comment to add to the spate of letters regarding the article, "Abortion Legislation: Implications for Medicine" (1982;248:833). Dr Phyllis Lauinger states in her letter (1983;249:472) that the American Medical Association adopted a resolution condemning abortion at every period of gestation in 1859. This was the culmination of a much earlier move by numerous state medical associations, starting with the New York Medical Association, to outlaw abortions. The motivation of these physicians was much more than the simple "unjustifiable destruction of human life" that Dr Lauinger mentioned. In those days, abortion was an entirely different problem than today. Pregnancies were diagnosed with certainty at a much later period of gestation, and anesthesia was either unknown or risky; the very concepts of antisepsis were largely unknown, and antibiotic therapy was not even a dream. Surgical techniques were crude and equipment limited. Morbidity and mortality statistics
Error in Reference Citation
Authors: Kelvin Robertson, Laurence Marshman, David Plummer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

patients to receive placebo and therefore tolerate a period during which no effective treatment for central neuropathic pain was offered. 3,4Moreover, when multiple adverse effects may be seen (such as with gabapentin in CS), efficacy can be reduced, rendering an otherwise beneficial drug artificially equal to (or even less than) placebo. 5Therefore, our trial design simulates what is occurring in current clinical practice because of the state of equipoise between the 2 drugs.That is, either one or both drugs are being offered as the penultimate step before committing to surgery or as an alternative to surgery.Nevertheless, we thank Rato et al for highlighting a common confounder in the nocebo effect with reference to safety analyses.Additionally, we could comment that the Hawthorne effect 6 also has a role in all clinical trials conducted; thus, trying to consolidate these confounders is not only limited to the addition of a placebo comparator.Finally, the post hoc sample size calculation of 48 of Rato et al is in line with our original total sample size number.Our article provided results after the preplanned interim analysis at half this original sample size.Given our findings, our conclusions are based on the suggestion that gabapentin should be administered before pregabalin to permit an optimal crossover wherever pregabalin may ultimately be warranted.We also agree with the opinion that future multicenter trials are needed on the benefit of therapeutic interventions for CS.
Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. A cooperative study
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Credo
Authors: Brad Davis
Journal: JAMA (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
El Método Operatorio de la Derivación Urinaria y sus Aplicaciones Terapéuticas.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Praziquantel in the treatment of cysticercosis
Authors: J. A. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We chose to forego a discussion of the medical management of human<i>T solium</i>cysticercosis, since we were principally concerned with the epidemiology of the disease in southern California. Although praziquantel clearly represents a very important step in the medical treatment of this condition, this drug should not be considered a panacea. Some authors experienced in treating cysticercosis remain cautious about when and how praziquantel should be used.<sup>1,2</sup>Since some forms of the disease do not respond to praziquantel, all patients with cysticercosis are not candidates for therapy. The possibility of the cerebrospinal fluid reaction syndrome, which has been associated with death, makes it desirable to hospitalize patients being treated for one to two weeks, during which time fairly high doses of steroids are usually administered. In contrast, our study suggests that extended or multiple hospitalizations for this condition are rare— perhaps an indication that in many
Trichloroethene Levels in Human Blood and Exhaled Breath from Controlled Inhalation Exposure
Authors: Joachim D. Pleil, Jeffrey W. Fisher, Andrew B. Lindstrom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The organic constituents of exhaled human breath are representative of bloodborne concentrations through gas exchange in the blood/breath interface in the lungs. The presence of specific compounds can be an indicator of recent exposure or represent a biological response of the subject. For volatile organic compounds, sampling and analysis of breath is preferred to direct measurement from blood samples because breath collection is noninvasive, potentially infectious waste is avoided, the sample supply is essentially limitless, and the measurement of gas-phase analytes is much simpler in a gas matrix rather than in a complex biological tissue such as blood. However, to assess the distribution of a contaminant in the body requires a reasonable estimate of the blood level. We have investigated the use of noninvasive breath measurements as a surrogate for blood measurements for (high) occupational levels of trichloroethene in a controlled exposure experiment. Subjects were placed in an exposure chamber for 24 hr; they were exposed to 100 parts per million by volume trichloroethene for the initial 4 hr and to purified air for the remaining 20 hr. Matched breath and blood samples were collected periodically during the experiment. We modeled the resulting concentration data with respect to their time course and assessed the blood/breath relationship during the exposure (uptake) period and during the postexposure (elimination) period. Estimates for peak blood levels, compartmental distribution, and time constants were calculated from breath data and compared to direct blood measurements to assess the validity of the breath measurement methodology. Blood/breath partition coefficients were studied during both uptake and elimination. At equilibrium conditions at the end of the exposure, we could predict actual blood levels using breath elimination curve calculations and a literature value partition coefficient with a mean ratio of calculated:measured of 0.98 and standard error (SE) = 0.12 across all subjects. blood/breath comparisons at equilibrium resulted in calculated in vivo partition coefficients with a mean of 10.8 and SE = 0.60 across all subjects and experiments and 9.69 with SE = 0.93 for elimination-only experiments. We found that about 78% of trichloroethene entering the body during inhalation exposure is metabolized, stored, or excreted through routes other than exhalation.
<i>QuickStats:</i>Age-Adjusted Percentages* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Have Epilepsy, by Epilepsy Status<sup>†</sup>and Race/Ethnicity<sup>§</sup>— National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2010 and 2013 Combined<sup>¶</sup>
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

For the years 2010 and 2013 combined, 1.7% of adults aged ≥18 years (4.0 million) had epilepsy, 1.0% had active epilepsy, and 0.7% had inactive epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy and active epilepsy was significantly higher for non-Hispanic whites (1.9% and 1.1%, respectively) and non-Hispanic blacks (1.8% and 1.2%, respectively) compared with Hispanics (1.0% and 0.6%, respectively). The prevalence of inactive epilepsy was higher among non-Hispanic whites (0.8%) than Hispanics (0.4%). Non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks did not differ significantly by epilepsy status.