tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value and Limitations of Chest Pain History in the Evaluation of Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndromes—Correction
Authors: Adam Skolnick, Zev Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2006)

We believe that the authors' conclusion that "clinicians should emphasize the importance of diet, exercise, and smoking cessation to patients affected by psoriasis" is insufficient.More attention must be paid to addressing the underlying psychological consequences of this skin condition that might lead some patients to unhealthy habits, including smoking, poor dietary choices, and a sedentary lifestyle.In addition, clinicians should be aware that many patients with psoriasis may be reluctant to participate in the available public exercise opportunities due to their selfconsciousness about wearing athletic gear, which might reveal their condition to others.In addition to recommending diet and exercise for patients with psoriasis who are at risk for coronary artery disease, physicians should consider the need to treat psychological factors that may contribute to their obesity and smoking.
Obstetrical use of the ultrasonic Doppler instrument
Authors: T. S. Lloyd
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Doppler ultrasonics provides the first positive sign of pregnancy. Fetal cardiovascular activity can usually be detected shortly after the second missed menses. At 11 weeks of pregnancy, fetal life can be proven in 90% of patients, and after 17 weeks, in 100%. The ultrasonic Doppler diagnostic instrument is of great value in threatened abortion, missed abortion, and in amenorrhea in patients with marked obesity or fibroid uteri. It is also valuable in determining fetal position in diagnosing twins, and in finding the placental site.
Mrs. Beeton, Medical adviser
Authors: O. T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

First published in 1861, Mrs. Isabella Beeton's<i>Book of Household Management</i>immediately established itself as the arbiter of all phases of home life in Victorian Britain. Many times revised in accordance with changes in social structure and attitudes, it has sold over 3 million copies to the present time. The most recent printing appeared in 1969. The early editions, and particularly the first, are prime sources for social historians of 19th-century Britain but are virtually unobtainable because their use has left nearly all copies in tatters. For this reason, the recently issued facsimile edition (Fig 1) is most welcome. The inquiring physician who wishes to know how the state of medicine in Victorian Britain affected daily life can have few better sources of information than this book. He will find sections dealing with home medicines and explanations of common diseases written by "an experienced surgeon," though the uniformity of style
银屑病和抑郁
Authors: A. Egeberg, J.P. Thyssen, J.J. Wu, L. Skov
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

银屑病是一种常见的皮肤病,影响北欧国家大约 5‐10% 的人口和全世界超过 1.25 亿人。已证实此病与治疗依从性低(意味着人们不能坚持他们的治疗)、不健康的生活方式(例如抽烟、饮酒、体育活动减少)和因此而产生的代谢性疾病相关。银屑病患者中的抑郁频率更高,但关于这是因银屑病本身导致,还是主要因患者的合并症(指他们与银屑病同时经受的疾病)导致知之甚少。因此,这项研究调查了 247,755 名银屑病患者中的抑郁风险,并与一般人群进行了比较。使用来自丹麦的注册数据,这项研究发现银屑病患者发生抑郁的风险小幅增高,与其他风险因素(如合并症)无关。总体而言,风险为轻度,但在需要被称作生物治疗的更强类型治疗的患者(即严重程度更高的银屑病患者)中见到了一定程度的风险增高,尤其在 40 到 50 岁的患者中。值得注意的是,既往有抑郁史患者中的抑郁发生率最高,表明这些患者可能代表了一个可能需要提升意识的尤为脆弱的群体。综上所述,这些结果可能能够帮助医生们确定哪些患者的抑郁风险尤其高,这些患者可能需要预防性的措施来减少未来的抑郁风险。
Is Long-Term Use of Antismoking Drugs Consistent with Public Health Goals or Pharmaceutical Marketing Goals?
Authors: Michael B. Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters2 December 2008Is Long-Term Use of Antismoking Drugs Consistent with Public Health Goals or Pharmaceutical Marketing Goals?Michael B. Steinberg, MD, MPHMichael B. Steinberg, MD, MPHFrom Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The recent evidence-based 2008 U.S. Public Health Service guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy as a first-line treatment for tobacco dependence (1). These guidelines support the consideration of tobacco dependence as a chronic disease and support the longer-term use of nicotine replacement therapy.In my opinion, the best evidence for helping our patients stop smoking continues to be a comprehensive treatment program, including any of the medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In terms of duration, if I have a patient who is doing well with nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, or bupropion for 6 months, but states that ...Reference1. Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz NL, Curry SJ, et al. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Clinical Practice Guideline. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service; 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael B. Steinberg, MD, MPHAffiliations: From Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.Disclosures: Research grant funding and consultancy from pharmaceutical companies as outlined in the original article. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Case for Treating Tobacco Dependence as a Chronic Disease Michael B. Steinberg , Amy C. Schmelzer , Donna L. Richardson , and Jonathan Foulds Is Long-Term Use of Antismoking Drugs Consistent with Public Health Goals or Pharmaceutical Marketing Goals? Adriane J. Fugh-Berman and Douglas Melnick Metrics Cited byThe concept and definition of therapeutic inertia in hypertension in primary care: a qualitative systematic review 2 December 2008Volume 149, Issue 11Page: 838KeywordsCholesterolHyperlipidemiaLow density lipoproteinMedical servicesMotivationNicotineNicotine replacement therapyPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch grantsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 2 December 2008 Issue Published: 2 December 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric HIV infection
Authors: A. Kovacs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The relationship between CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is retrospectively investigated for 266 HIV-infected and uninfected children who were born to infected women, including 39 with<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP), in a population-based surveillance study. Of 21 perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP only 10 (48%) had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 500 ×10<sup>6</sup>cells/L (500 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>), compared with all 18 who were infected via blood transfusions or clotting factors. Among 68 children who were 1 year or younger, 18 (90%) of 20 PCP cases had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 1500×10<sup>6</sup>cells/L (1500 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>) compared with only five (10%) of 48 children who did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (odds ratio, 77.4; 95% confidence interval, 19.7 to 313.4). The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count was lower for the 39 PCP cases when compared with the 188 children who were at different stages of HIV infection and did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) independent of age. The majority of perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP were 6 months or younger and 50% were previously unknown to be infected. Thus, HIV-positive children should be identified early and followed closely. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts may be useful in monitoring HIV-positive children and determining when to begin PCP prophylaxis. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1698-1703)
US Medical Care: With Apology to Kipling
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE IDENTITY OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBERCLE BACILLI.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Figures Transposed
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recent Observations on Mesenchymal Tumors in Adults and Children
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Approval of zidovudine (AZT) for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A challenge to the medical and pharmaceutical communities
Authors: I. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE ANTI-INFECTIVE Advisory Committee to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently recommended the approval of zidovudine (azidothymidine [AZT]) for use as a treatment of selected patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but only for those with advanced illness characterized by<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia and depressed immunity and for symptomatic cases of AIDS-related complex (ARC). It did not, however, recommend approval of zidovudine for treatment of pre-AIDS or nonadvanced AIDS cases with other opportunistic infections. Within two months of that recommendation, the FDA released the drug for use for the above indications. The committee, which I chaired, was made up of 11 medical experts in infectious diseases and other disciplines; it was asked to review data from one placebo-controlled clinical trial of patients with AIDS who had recovered from their first episode of<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia before enrollment and patients with ARC who had multiple clinical symptoms, such as oral
Brain
Authors: Valerie Wohlfeld
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gram-negative bacillary meningitis
Authors: R. H. Gates
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The report of gram-negative bacillary meningitis successfully treated by intravenous (IV) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole presented in this issue ofThe Journalby Hickstein and Dillon (p 1212) illustrates the difficulty encountered in therapy for this infection and the need to monitor efficacy by following CSF bactericidal levels of the antibiotic employed. The authors present an example of meningitis after a neurosurgical procedure caused by a gram-negative aerobic bacillus refractory to antibiotic therapy. Although gram-negative bacillary meningitis represents only a portion of the total cases of bacterial meningitis, it has long been associated with a significant mortality (40% to 70%) and excessive morbidity.<sup>1</sup>Spurred by recent experience with the newer β-lactam antibiotics (moxalactam disodium and cefotaxime sodium) and the availability of an IV preparation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, more reports of the successful therapy for gram-negative meningitis are appearing in the literature.<sup>2</sup> In the present report, chloramphenicol, an antibiotic traditionally used to treat
Protein Kinase B (c-Akt), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, and STAT5 Are Activated by Erythropoietin (EPO) in HCD57 Erythroid Cells But Are Constitutively Active in an EPO-Independent, Apoptosis-Resistant Subclone (HCD57-SREI Cells)
Authors: Haifeng Bao, Sarah M. Jacobs-Helber, Amy E. Lawson, Kalyani Penta, Amittha Wickrema, Stephen T. Sawyer
Journal: Blood (1999)
BOOK REVIEW
Authors: M. O. THOMPSON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

BOOK REVIEW Questions and Choices Joy S. McDiarmid , Dawn M. Holman , Producers. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada : Voices in the Night: a Cancer Companion , 1994 . 2¼-hour cassette, $24.95 MERLE O'ROURKE THOMPSON, PH.D MERLE O'ROURKE THOMPSON, PH.D 6012 Morgan Ct. Alexandria, VA 22312 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 17, 7 September 1994, Pages 1348–1349, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.17.1348 Published: 07 September 1994
Thyrotoxicosis as a Disease of Mitochondria
Authors: Frederic L. Hoch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE physiologic manifestations of the cellular action of the thyroid hormones are documented extensively. The high basal metabolic rate of the hyperthyroid mammal1 is accompanied by an increased rate of oxidation in most of the tissues2; this suggested, as early as 1927, that thyroxine is a necessary component, or coenzyme, of oxidative enzymes.3 A review of investigations up to 1951 based upon such a hypothesis, however, does not define an enzyme or system of enzymes requiring thyroxine for action.4 Biochemical investigations since that time demonstrate that thyroid hormones produce functional changes in oxidative phosphorylation and structural changes in mitochondria. . . .
Effects of chelating agents on oral uptake and renal deposition and excretion of cadmium
Authors: B Engström
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The gastrointestinal absorption, transport, tissue deposition and excretion of cadmium was studied in adult male mice given a single oral LD50 dose of l19Cd-labeled CdCl2 alone or in combination with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).Blood, intestinal mucosa, liver and kidneys were analyzed for lO9Cd at different times after exposure and the influence of the chelating agents on Cd binding to metallothionein and other tissue ligands was also studied.Acute toxicity was noted.Complex formation between Cd and EDTA was studied in solutions containing Cd:EDTA at 1:04 and 1:4 molar ratios.Adult male mice were exposed orally or by direct infusion into the stomach to either of the two solutions (containing an LD50 dose of Cd).Body retention and tissue deposition of Cd was recorded after 4 (direct infusion) or 21 days (oral exposure), and the mortality in different exposure groups observed.Adult male were also exposed to a low oral dose of l19Cd-labeled cadmium (0.5 mg/kg), followed by 18 months continuous administration of NTA, (500 ppm) STPP (500 ppm) or EDTA (50 ppm) in the drinking water or the chelating agent in combination with Cd (50 ppm), Cd alone (50 ppm) or deionized water.Whole-body retention of l19Cd, tissue deposition of lO9Cd and total Cd and development of proteinuria were observed.When cadmium was given with an excess of EDTA, all Cd ions were bound in a 1:1 Cd- EDTA complex.Decreased acute toxicity was observed which was related to increased body elimination of cadmium.The Cd passes though the body still bound to EDTA and is excreted via the kidneys in this form.Similar results were found in mice exposed to Cd + NTA, while gavage of CD + STPP led to an initially decreased systemic uptake of Cd and thereafter to a prolongation of the biological half-time and thus a comparatively higher body retention of the metal.Cd may form a 2:1 complex with EDTA in the presence of excess cadmium.An increased retention and toxicity of cadmium was seen after direct infusion of this solution, while gavage resulted in a decreased toxicity.The effect of different chelating agents on acute cadmium toxicity and metabolism seemed to be due to changes in the stability of the administered chelate complexes, due to variation in pH and to the availability of metal binding ligands such as metallothionein in vivo.NTA, STPP and EDTA had no effect on the metabolism or toxicity of cadmium after long-term low dose oral exposure.
Treatment of alcoholism and nicotine dependence
Authors: R. S. Zucker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the introduction to their study of mortality following inpatient treatment for addictions, Dr Hurt and colleagues<sup>1</sup>state that "a key outcome of alcoholism treatment is mortality." This questionable assumption, combined with the results of the study showing that the majority of alcoholics in their inpatient cohort died of tobacco-related causes, leads them to conclude that "nicotine dependence treatment is imperative in this group." While preventing premature death has been shown to be one of the benefits of a formal inpatient addictions treatment program,<sup>2</sup>as compared with detoxification only, this is not truly a major treatment goal. The goal of rehabilitation programs for alcoholics, just as the goal for any rehabilitation program, should be to improve functional outcome. Some indicators of functional outcome are social stability and psychosocial adjustment.<sup>3</sup>In fact, it has been suggested that only in publicly funded, inner-city programs, in which
MHC Class-I Transgenic Mice
Authors: B Arnold
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1991)

The introduction of cloned genes into the germline of mice has been proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the role of the respective gene products within the immune system. Here we summarize the transgenic mouse models that have been established with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I genes. Foreign class-I alleles can be expressed in transgenic mice according to their normal expression patterns as authentic self molecules and can function in T-cell responses in the same way as endogenous class-I molecules. Since this is also true for most of the introduced human HLA class-I alleles, there is great interest in establishing mouse models for HLA-linked diseases. A new field of experimental approaches concerning self-tolerance has been opened by tissue specific expression of MHC antigens under specific promoters. Besides negative selection in the thymus, peripheral mechanisms could be identified that induce and maintain self-tolerance.