tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer in Indonesia
Authors: A. I. Sutnick
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN A series of government-established five-year plans, Indonesia has addressed the major health problems facing the country. As a result, there have been major advances in the health program over the past decade, including the establishment of hospitals and health centers, development of preventive medicine and disease control services, health education, health manpower training, development of improved water supply and sanitation facilities, and the establishment of some research programs. The priorities in the 1974 plan included ambulatory care, rural health and child health, and family planning services. These have resulted in the establishment of an extensive health care system, with physician staffing of health centers rising to 85.9% and health utilization rising to 75 visits per day. With the reduction in case fatality rate from infectious diseases and a decrease in the infant mortality rate, life expectancy at birth has increased from 41 years in 1969 to an estimated 52
Hunger strikers may have died of fat, not protein, loss
Authors: M. Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Traditionally, studies of fasting individuals have tended to conclude that continued survival in a hypocaloric state depends on one's ability to conserve protein while using up fat. Various studies of kwashiorkor have, in fact, suggested that loss of 50% of one's body protein was virtually synonymous with death. But a recent investigation of some of the facts surrounding the deaths of the ten IRA hunger strikers suggests that these earlier notions may be somewhat skewed: It may not be loss of protein but loss of fat that precipitates death during starvation. The investigation, reported to the 50th annual meeting of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada held in Toronto, was launched by Errol B. Marliss, MD, associate professor in the department of medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. For his study, Marliss collected any and all scraps of information about the hunger strikers from newspapers and
Abstract 2837: Delayed Calpain Inhibition Is Neuroprotective After Transient Global Brain Ischemia
Authors: Zhaoming Chen, James R Frederick, Matthew B Bevers, Lori P Ingleton, Marek Ma, Robert W Neumar
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction/Hypothesis: The delay in neurodegeneration after transient global brain ischemia offers a potentially broad therapeutic window for inhibiting molecular injury mechanisms. One such mechanism, calpain-mediated proteolysis, peaks between 24 and 72 hours after transient forebrain ischemia (TFI) in rats. This study tests the hypothesis that calpain inhibition is neuroprotective when initiated 22 hours after TFI. Methods: Male Long Evans rats (400 – 450 g) were anesthetized (halothane), mechanically ventilated, and instrumented for temperature and hemodynamic monitoring. Each underwent 10 minutes of TFI induced by reversible bilateral carotid occlusion and hypovolemic hypotension (MAP 30 mm Hg). Twenty-two hours after TFI, rats were block randomized (n=6/group) to receive either calpain inhibitor (CEP-3453 (Cephalon), 60 mg/kg IV bolus and 30 mg/kg IV infusion for 50 hours) or vehicle (normal saline IV bolus and infusion for 50 hours). Sham operated rats served as controls. Rats were euthanized 72 hours after injury and brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Hippocampal CA1 sector calpain activity was analyzed by immunofluorescence using primary antibody that specifically detects calpain-cleaved alpha-spectrin (Ab38). Neurodegeneration was quantified by counting normal appearing Hoechst-stained neuronal nuclei in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. Ab38 immunofluorescence intensity and normal nuclei counts were compared between vehicle and CEP-3453 treatment groups using a two-tailed Student’s t-test (alpha error 0.05). Results: Baseline and post-injury hemodynamic parameters and temperature were not significantly different between vehicle and CEP-3453 treatment groups. Relative to sham operated controls, mean CA1 sector Ab38 immunofluorescence increased by 263 ± 281% in vehicle treated rats and 68 ± 147% in CEP-3453 treated rats (p=0.17). Normal CA1 pyramidal layer nuclei averaged 10 ± 12% of control in vehicle treated rats and 50 ± 42% of control in CEP-3453 treated rats (p=0.047). Conclusion: These results suggest a causal role for calpains in delayed post-ischemic neurodegeneration, and demonstrate a broad therapeutic window for calpain inhibition in this model of transient global brain ischemia.
Cough variant asthma in children
Authors: P. J. Hannaway
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Thirty-two patients were referred for evaluation of chronic cough. We believe that these 32 patients represent a variety of asthma in which the presenting manifestation is cough. The characteristics of the cough are discussed. All 32 patients responded to therapeutic trials of theophylline. Obvious clinical asthma developed in 18 of 24 patients available for long-term follow-up, and in 11 of these patients, the asthma was classified as mild. However, in seven of these 18 patients, the asthma was classified as moderate in severity in that they eventually required around-the-clock daily bronchodilators. We believe that this group demonstrates that cough variant asthma is a distinct but frequently unrecognized entity in children. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:206-208)
Curtailment of Higher Surgical Training in the UK: Likely Effects in Otology
Authors: J Ray, E Hadjihannas, R M Irving
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Higher surgical training in the UK faces a cut of two years. We conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the operative experience of current higher surgical trainees in otological surgery and the likely effect of the proposed reduction from six to four years. 91 (65%) of the 142 higher surgical trainees responded with details of major otological procedures performed (independently or assisting) over one year. In the present six-year scheme a typical trainee performs 72 myringoplasties, 79 mastoidectomies, 7 skull base procedures and 28 other procedures. In the first four years, however, his or her experience is only 39 myringoplasties, 44 mastoidectomies, 4 skull base procedures and 7 others. The large shortfall in experience that might result from shortening of the training programme would need to be met by intensification of the training or institution of accredited otology fellowships. Very similar dilemmas are faced by other surgical specialties.
TO ASSURE YOUR ACCOMMODATIONS AT THE 115th ANNUAL CONVENTION
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contents page + Editorial Board
Authors: Kosha Baxi, Kathleen Dorries, Heather Eisthen, Ann Craig, Ethan Graf, Michael Linhoff, Camin Dean, Thomas Dresbach, Judith Hirsch, Luis Martinez, Rainer Friedrich, Longnian Lin, Remus Osan, Joe Tsien, John Krakauer, Reza Trendsin, Sian Lewis, Heather Yeomans, Patrick Liu, Manager Moulton
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2006)
Abstract 18674: Predicting Long Term Outcome in Patients Treated With Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device - The Penn - Columbia Risk Score
Authors: Edo Y Birati, Thomas C Hanff, Dawn Maldonado, E. Wilson Grandin, Peter Kennel, Jeremy A Mazurek, Esther Vorovich, Emily Phillips, Michael A Acker, Yoshifumi Naka, Joyce Wald, Lee R Goldberg, Mariell Jessup, Pavan Atluri, Kenneth B Margulies, P. Christian Schulze, J. Eduardo Rame
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Mechanical assist devices have emerged as an established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Predicting which patients are unlikely to benefit from continuous flow left ventricular assist device (cf-LVAD) treatment is crucial for the identification of appropriate patients while excluding those considered futile. Previously developed scoring systems are limited to prior eras of device and medical support or restricted to specific devices. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients implanted with a cf-LVAD (Heartmate II or HVAD) at our institution between 2005 and 2014. From all plausible pre-operative covariates, we performed univariate Cox regression analysis for covariates affecting the odds of 1yr post implantation survival (p&lt;0.4). These variables were included in a multivariable model and dropped if significance rose above p=0.4. From this base model, we performed stepwise forward and backward selection for other covariates that improved power by minimizing Akaike Information Criteria while maximizing the Harrell Concordance Index. We then used Kaplan-Meier curves, the log rank test, and Cox proportional hazard models to assess internal validity of the scoring system and its ability to stratify survival. The risk score was validated in another VAD center. Results: A total of 204 patients (male 78%; mean age 57+15, mean follow up 465+486 days). After stepwise selection for variables that increased predictive power, a final optimized model was identified (Figure). One yr survival was significantly lower in patients with higher risk score (HR 2.48, p=&lt;0.001, figure). The validation cohort of 260 patients confirmed the prognostic utility of this risk score (p=0.0237). Conclusion: We present a novel risk score and its validation for prediction of long-term survival in patients on cf-LVAD support. This score may prove useful for patient selection and identification of patients requiring adjuvant therapies
Smallpox Probably Spread by Infected Feather Bed.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Loperamide to diagnose Cushing's syndrome
Authors: B. Ambrosi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with great interest the article by Yanovski et al.<sup>1</sup>Yanovski et al report that the dexamethasone— corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test is a useful test to distinguish patients with Cushing's syndrome from those with a pseudo-Cushing's state. In fact, in the experience of Yanovski et al, the evaluation of cortisol levels 15 minutes after CRH injection, performed after the low-dose dexamethasone test, yields 100% sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, Yanovski et al recommend its use as a more accurate procedure to distinguish Cushing's syndrome. In recent years, we proposed the use of loperamide hydrochloride for screening patients with suspected hypercortisolism. Loperamide is a drug that acts as an opiate agonist and is able to inhibit corticotropin levels in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease, but not in patients with Cushing's syndrome.<sup>2</sup>In fact, the opioidergic control of corticotropin secretion is operating
Neuropeptides And Inflammation: The Role Of Substance P
Authors: D. Payan
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Abstract 1084: The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and CD8 positive T lymphocyte in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Toshihiko Yusa, Hirohisa Okabe, Yo-ichi Yamashita, Takanobu Yamao, Naoki Umezaki, Tatsunori Miyata, Shigeki Nakagawa, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Katsunori Imai, Akira Chikamoto, Takatoshi Ishiko, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract [Background]Neutrophils are known as immune cells involved in biological defense against foreign substances. On the other hand, in the tumor microenvironment, it is said that neutrophils affect on tumor progression as a tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN). Although, TAN and other immune cells in the progression of HCC is unclear. [Method]One hundred twenty eight patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for HCC in our institution were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was performed with CD66b and CD8 antibody to evaluate TAN and CD8+ T lymphocytes, respectively. Expression high or low was determined by cut-off value of each number of immune cells. We counted the number of each immune cells in both tumor (intra-tumor) and the tumor marginal area (extra-tumor). The relationship between the infiltration of each immune cell and clinicopathological factors was examined. [Result]Comparing the number of immune cells of intra-tumor and extra-tumor, there were significantly more cells in extra-tumor area (p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no difference in between background clinicopathological factors and the number of TAN or CD8+ T lymphocytes in either intra-tumor or extra-tumor areas. Overall survival was significantly better in the group with high CD8+ T lymphocytes in extra-tumor area compared to the low group (p = 0.0491), intriguingly though CD8+ T lymphocytes in intra-tumor area was not associated with prognosis. In the contrast, overall survival was significantly poor in the group with high TAN in extra-tumor area compared to the low group (p = 0.0296), though TAN in intra-tumor area was not associated with prognosis. [Conclusion]Infiltration of TAN and CD8+ T lymphocytes not in intra-tumor but in the extra-tumor area may be involved in the progression of HCC. Citation Format: Toshihiko Yusa, Hirohisa Okabe, Yo-ichi Yamashita, Takanobu Yamao, Naoki Umezaki, Tatsunori Miyata, Shigeki Nakagawa, Hiromitsu Hayashi, Katsunori Imai, Akira Chikamoto, Takatoshi Ishiko, Hideo Baba. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and CD8 positive T lymphocyte in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1084.
International Symposium on the Use of Isotopes for Research and Control of Vectors of Animal Diseases, Host Pathogen Relationships, and the Environmental Impact of Control Procedures
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

International Symposium on the Use of Isotopes for Research and Control of Vectors of Animal Diseases, Host Pathogen Relationships, and the Environmental Impact of Control Procedures Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 61, Issue 1, July 1978, Page 269, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/61.1.269-b Published: 01 July 1978
Haemophilia
Authors: H. P. Himsworth
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The heterogeneity and distribution of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subunits mediates differential roles in behavior. It is thought that particular behavioral responses to benzodiazepine (BZ) ligands might be associated with an action at a regionally defined receptor subtype. However, the role of specific GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subtypes in particular brain regions is less clear. Such detailed knowledge of regional α1-GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor function will advance our understanding of the neural circuitry underlying the role of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors and the effects of GABA<sub>A</sub>-modulating drugs on behavior. By combining inducible, site-specific α1 subunit deletion, using a lentivirus expressing Cre-recombinase in mice with the α1 subunit gene flanked by loxP sites, we examine baseline and pharmacological effects of deletion of amygdala α1-GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. We find that amygdala-specific reduction of α1 receptor subunits does not affect mRNA or protein levels of amygdala α2 or α3 subunit receptors. Nor does this inducible reduction affect baseline locomotion or measures of anxiety. However, we also find that this inducible, site-specific deletion does disrupt the normal sedative-locomotor inhibition as well as the anticonvulsive effects, of two distinct BZ-site ligands, diazepam and zolpidem, which is relatively α1-subunit selective. These data, using inducible, region and subunit-specific deletion, combined with pharmacogenetic approaches, demonstrate that amygdala expression of the α1-GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subunit is required for normal BZ effects on sedation, locomotion, and seizure inhibition, but not for anxiolysis.
Campaign Helps Boost Aspirin Use for Primary CVD Prevention
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oesophageal free papers 012-025
Authors: S Parry, J Barton, M Welfare, I Mohammed, L Cherkas, S Riley, T Spector, N Trudgill, S Lal, J Mclaughlin, G Giampaolo, G Dockray, A Varro, D Thompson, J Jones, D Kendall, P Millns, C Hawkey, S Dunlop, D Jenkins, R Spiller, L Gregory, L Yaguez, S Coen, E Amaro, S Smale, A Hobson, S Williams, Q Aziz, V Chudleigh, E Brennan, S Tarry, S Myers, S Lewis, G Smith, K Palmer, Z Khan, E Simpson, A Cole, I Macdonald, D Pye, A Austin, J Freeman
Journal: Gut (2002)

Introduction: Previous studies, many uncontrolled, suggest 4 to 32% of people develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after ID.Little information is available on the development of other FGIDs after ID.Aim: To determine if patients with stool culture confirmed bacterial diarrhoea were more likely to develop gut symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea at 3 and 6 month follow up compared with community controls.Methods: A prospective community-based case-control study over one year.Subjects with stool positive bacterial infectious diarrhoea and control subjects from the same primary care practice were invited to participate.The presence or not of IBS, functional dyspepsia or functional diarrhoea was diagnosed at the start and at follow up using self-complete Rome II modular questionnaires.The diagnosis of a baseline FGID excluded subjects from continuing.There were 128 cases and 219 community controls eligible and who consented to participate.Results: At follow up there was a higher incidence of FGIDs in the cases compared with controls, mainly due to a higher incidence of IBS (see table ).There was no difference in the incidence of functional dyspepsia between cases and controls.Conclusions: IBS and functional diarrhoea is diagnosed more frequently in people at three and six-month follow up after an episode of stool positive bacterial diarrhoea compared with community controls despite careful exclusion of people with pre-existing FGIDS and adds further support for the concept of post-infectious IBS.
Methaqualone-meprobamate poisoning
Authors: S. Gitelson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Poisoning by a combination of methaqualone and meprobamate in three patients produced the following: coma, frequent variations in pupillary width and reaction to light, episodes of increased muscle tone with overstretching of the extremities alternating with flaccidity, muscle fasciculations, hyperreflexia, fall in blood pressure and respiration rate. The severity of the signs was related to the degree of drug overdosage. Treatment included gastric lavage, parenteral fluids, pressure amines, and antibiotics. Unsuspected combined methaqualonemeprobamate poisoning may cause diagnostic difficulties.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Following Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis: Report of Two Cases
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal