tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) plus bevacizumab (B) or placebo in patients (pts) with malignant mesothelioma (MM)
Authors: H. L. Kindler, T. Karrison, C. Lu, D. R. Gandara, J. Stevenson, L. Krug, P. Janne, T. L. Guterz, W. M. Stadler, E. E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7019 Background: MM pts have the highest VEGF levels of any solid tumor, and high VEGF is a poor prognostic factor. Anti-VEGF antibodies decrease MM growth in pre-clinical models. Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF. GC is an active regimen in MM. Methods: We are conducting a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized phase II trial of GCB vs. GCP in MM pts. Primary endpoint: time to progression. Eligible pts have unresectable, histologically confirmed MM; no prior chemotherapy; PS 0–1; measurable disease; no tumor involvement of major vessels; no bleeding or thrombosis. Pts are stratified by PS (0/1) and histology (epithelial/other). Pts receive G 1250 mg/m2 days (D) 1, 8, Q 21D, C 75 mg/m2 D1 Q 21D, and B or P 15 mg/kg D1 Q 21D, for 6 cycles, then single-agent B or P Q21D. CT scans are obtained Q2 cycles. Plasma VEGF levels are obtained pretreatment. 102 pts enrolled 12/01–11/04 at 10 centers, 95 (47 GCB, 48 GCP) are evaluable. Pt characteristics (GCB/GCP): male 74%/83%; median age 62/63.5 (range 20–83); PS: 0 32%/29%, 1 68%/71%; epithelial 74%/77% sarcomatoid/biphasic 26%/23%; site of origin: pleura 91%/90%, peritoneum 9%/8%, tunica vaginalis 0%/2%; thrombocytosis 36%/40%. Results: Cycles administered: 588 (range 1–39, median 5). Grade ¾ hematologic toxicity (%pts, GCB/GCP): neutropenia 23%/21%; anemia 0%/6%; thrombocytopenia 15%/15%; other toxicity (all grades, grade ¾): epistaxis 34%/6%, 4%/0%; proteinuria 36%/23%, 2%/0%; hypertension 28%/6%, 11%/2%; thrombosis 7%/6%, 7%/6%; visceral perforation 0%/0%. Median baseline plasma VEGF 114.5/179 pg/ml. Conclusion: The study arms are well-balanced. Grade ¾ toxicities were not statistically greater for GCB except for hypertension (all grades p=0.006) and epistaxis (all grades p=0.001). Individualized treatment assignments and efficacy outcomes remain blinded until 106 evaluable pts enroll. Supported by grants from NCI (N01-CM-17102) and the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Lilly Oncology Genentech, Lilly Oncology Genentech, Lilly Oncology
Interleukin 2 trial will try to spark flagging immunity of AIDS patients
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The National Institutes of Health is initiating a phase I clinical trial of the lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) that it hopes may revive the immunologic systems of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Behind this approach lie some basic research findings by a number of groups into the immunologic characteristics of the disease. For example, Gerald V. Quinnan, MD, chief of the Division of Virology in the office of biologics of the Food and Drug Administration, and his associates, including Alain H. Rook, MD, have found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with AIDS have a marked depression in their ability to respond to viral infection. (Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are cells especially primed to kill only cells specifically infected by a "priming" agent.) In addition, the investigators have found that natural killer (NK) cells from patients with AIDS are depressed in activity compared with NK cells from normal persons.
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lymphocyte Stimulation
Authors: David Lagunoff
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The renaissance era of the lymphocyte is upon us. Two critical experimental observations ushered in the new age. One was Gowan's finding that the predominant population of peripheral lymphocytes leaves the blood, only to return via the lymphatics. The other was Nowell's finding that a hemagglutinin extracted from red kidney beans causes peripheral lymphocytes to transform in culture to mitotically active cells. Neither of these observations was one of those results that instantaneously illuminates great regions of darkness; rather they were germinal. There is a growing catalogue of agents that have been shown to effect the transformation of the small lymphocyte, a synthetically inactive cell almost entirely a nucleus with a thin rim of unspecialized cytoplasm, to a blast cell rich with cytoplasm vigorously synthesizing protein, ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid. These agents include plant agglutinins, antigens, antiglobulin antibodies, and allogeneic cells. In his book, Ling has sought to bring
The medical student as a loner
Authors: J. S. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A merican medical education has reached a point of crisis. Although the quality of education is for the most part excellent, the quantity is grossly insufficient to meet the needs of today's society for health services. The demand for additional health services in the '70s will, in all likelihood, outstrip our capacity to provide them, and it behooves each of us concerned with health education to consider innovative approaches to dealing with these problems. In this presentation I will consider only one of the many problems facing the American health care system. I will speak primarily from personal experience, both as an allied health professional and as a medical student, as I address myself to the academic isolation of medical students, in their training, from other health professions students. Medical education has undergone many progressive changes in the past decade and many of the newer schools are experimenting with innovative
Renal Osteodystrophy
Authors: Keith A. Hruska, Steven L. Teitelbaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Renal osteodystrophy, the term used to describe the skeletal complications of end-stage renal disease, is a multifactorial disorder of bone remodeling. The actions of some of the factors involved are well defined, and successful strategies have been designed to prevent them. For example, the identification of secondary hyperparathyroidism and 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) deficiency as major contributors to renal osteodystrophy has led to the development of treatment regimens that can maintain normal serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, reduce parathyroid hormone secretion, and correct a deficiency of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. These improvements in treatment have resulted in decreases in the frequency and . . .
Declaration has health message for politicians
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE VICTORIA DECLARATION is in the wings, awaiting its moment on the world's stage. Issued during the International Heart Health Conference in Victoria, British Columbia, the declaration is a 44-page series of recommendations for reducing health risks. John W. Farquhar, MD, chair of the 21-member advisory committee, characterizes its status as "an agenda waiting to be adopted—not an official policy of any nation yet," although it has been presented to Canada's Parliament in Ottawa, Ontario. The declaration states that "the primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend [in health risks] while at the same time assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing—the developing world, and Central and Eastern Europe—to make use of the scientific knowledge already available from experiences in countries where rates are on the decline." For example, it recommends that governments legislate an end to advertising and promotion of tobacco products, seek
Transepithelial Transport of Immunoglobulins
Authors: K. E. Mostov
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Immunoglobulins are transported across a variety of epithelial tissues. The best studied example of this is the transport of polymeric IgA and IgM by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) across many types of epithelial cells. The pIgR binds its ligand at the basolateral surface and is internalized into endosomes. Here it is sorted into vesicles that transcytose it to the apical surface. At the apical surface the pIgR is proteolytically cleaved, and the large extracellular fragment (known as secretory component) is released together with the ligand. The pIgR contains a cytoplasmic domain of 103 amino acids that contains several sorting signals. Targeting from the trans-Golgi network to the basolateral surface is determined by the membrane-proximal 17 residues of this domain. There are two endocytosis signals that contain crucial tyrosine residues. Transcytosis of the pIgR is stimulated by binding of polymeric IgA. Phosphorylation of a cytoplasmic serine promotes transcytosis of the pIgR without ligand bound. Transcytosis may be regulated by the heterotrimeric Gs protein, protein kinase C and calmodulin. IgG is transcytosed from the apical to basolateral surface in several epithelial tissues such as the placenta and the small intestine of newborn rats. The receptor for intestinal transport of IgG is structurally similar to class I MHC molecules.
Priorities for Development of Research Methods in Occupational Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth M. Ward, Paul A. Schulte, Steve Bayard, Aaron Blair, Paul Brandt-Rauf, Mary Ann Butler, David Dankovic, Ann F. Hubbs, Carol Jones, Myra Karstadt, Gregory L. Kedderis, Ronald Melnick, Carrie A. Redlich, Nathaniel Rothman, Russell E. Savage, Michael Sprinker, Mark Toraason, Ainsley Weston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)
A man with alcoholism and HIV infection
Authors: S. E. Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Dr Delbanco:</h3> The patient is a 39-year-old single man who is unemployed, in large part because of chronic problems arising from alcoholism. He came to the primary care practice at Beth Israel Hospital in 1991 seeking care for newly diagnosed neurosyphilis and has been cared for by Dr U since then. He has recently acquired stable health insurance by applying for and receiving Supplemental Security Income. His doctors supported his application, feeling he was disabled by his use of alcohol. The patient grew up in Boston, Mass, in a family with a strong history of alcoholism and emotional abuse. His father left home when the patient was 2 years old. His mother drank heavily, and two of his brothers have problems with alcohol. In his early teens, the patient experimented with multiple drugs, including cocaine, speed, LSD, and "uppers and downers" of various sorts. He took heroin intravenously on rare
Incidence and risk of stomatitis to mTOR inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Raji Shameem, Mario E. Lacouture, Shenhong Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17572 Background: Inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway including everolimus and temsirolimus have been used extensively in cancer patients. Their use is associated with stomatitis, a serious adverse event resulting in morbidity and treatment interruptions or discontinuation. This study was conducted to determine the overall incidence and risk of stomatitis in cancer patients treated with the mTOR inhibitors by a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: Databases from PubMed and abstracts presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meetings up to October 2013 were searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies included RCTs using everolimus and temsirolimus at the approved doses in cancer patients. Summary incidences, relative risks (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random- or fixed-effects model depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. Results: A total of 11 RCTs with 4,752 patients (mTORs: 2,725, controls: 2,027) with a variety of solid tumors were included in the analysis. The incidences of all-grade (grade 1-4) and high-grade stomatitis (grade 3-4) were 33.5% (95% CI: 21.9-47.6%) and 4.1% (95% CI: 2.6-6.3%) respectively. In comparison with controls, mTOR inhibitors significantly increased the risk for developing all-grade stomatitis (RR: 4.04, 95% CI: 3.13-5.22, p<0.001) and high-grade stomatitis (RR: 8.84, 95% CI: 4.07-19.22, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between everolimus and temsirolimus (P=0.65). Compared to controls, mTOR inhibitors significantly increased the risk of high-grade stomatitis in patients with breast cancer (RR: 11.18, 95% CI: 3.44-36.28, P<0.001) and progressive neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) (RR: 28.52, 95% CI: 3.90-208.41, P=0.001), whereas, no significant difference was seen in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients (RR: 4.66, 95% CI: 0.57-38.03, P=0.151). Conclusions: The mTOR inhibitors significantly increased the risk of stomatitis in cancer patients. Efforts towards the prevention, treatment, and identification of individuals at risk may allow for improved quality of life and consistent dosing.
NEW BACKGROUND FOR NEUROSIS
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. A postmortem study.
Authors: C Agustí, J Ramirez, C Picado, A Xaubet, E Carreras, E Ballester, A Torres, C Battochia, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To define better the syndrome of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), we conducted a postmortem study in 77 patients who died of pulmonary complications, distributed into three groups. Group A included 47 patients with hematologic diseases treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT); Group B, 20 patients with hematologic diseases treated with conventional chemotherapy; and Group C, 10 patients without hematologic diseases. The diagnosis of DAH was established when there was blood in at least 30% of the lung tissue evaluated without evidence of infection or any other pathologic change that could account for its presence. The presence of an associated pulmonary complication was considered only when there was normal lung parenchyma between both blood and the specific lesions. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was shown in 11 patients in Group A (23%) compared with 1 patient in Group B (5%) (p < 0.05). Of the 11 patients with DAH in Group A, 10 had some associated pulmonary complication: 7 presented with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 2 with associated bacterial pneumonia and 1 with invasive aspergillosis, 2 others had an associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis, and the remaining patients had an associated herpes pneumonia. There were no clinical differences between patients with and without DAH. Of 8 patients with confirmed DAH in Group A, who had been submitted to a bronchoscopic examination within 1 wk of death, 4 had normal BAL fluid; by contrast, 7 of 13 patients without DAH had hemorrhagic BAL fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Surgical Oncology
Authors: Donald E. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This formidable volume of more than 900 pages of small print presents selected papers in the nebulous field of surgical oncology. It is an international work of 54 contributors, half of these from Switzerland, and ten from the United States. The volume has six sections. The first is composed of mixed, unrelated subjects on cancer, most of which could be included in some other monograph, allowing more pages to be devoted to the principal topic of surgical oncology. Some of these chapters are of dubious value to anyone. For instance, one can hardly summarize a subject like molecular biology in 1 1/2 pages, as attempted by one author. Fortunately, the bibliographies are fairly extensive. The chapter on head and neck tumors is brief but at least covers a wide area. The chapter on chest tumors devotes many pages to unusual problems, particularly thymic tumors, but precious few to the real
Psychiatry
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Because the different depressive disorders are the most common of psychiatric illnesses in the community,<sup>1</sup>a source of substantial morbidity and mortality, and very frequently encountered by all physicians, the pace of current progress is worth highlighting. <h3>Epidemiology of Depression</h3> Depression can occur as a normal mood variant, as a symptom of another psychiatric or medical disorder ("secondary depression"), or as a diagnosable syndrome ("primary depression"). Solid epidemiologic data based on reliable diagnostic criteria differentiate these disorders in the community, showing a point prevalence of 4% and a lifetime risk of 18% for an episode of "major depression"; adding less severe depressions, the rates increased to 6% and 25%. In medical populations the prevalence is even higher.<sup>2</sup>Most ill persons do not receive specific treatment, but do make relatively frequent visits to nonpsychiatric physicians.<sup>3,4</sup>Clinically significant depressions are about twice as common in women than men,<sup>5</sup>
Synonyms
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In discussing linguistic precision a recent letter<sup>1</sup>raised the point whether "there are in fact any two exactly synonymous words in the English language," particularly in medical terminology. The writer challenged readers to identify any such terms, and indicated that the pair "abdomen" and "belly" had already been tested and found wanting, as well as the triad "necropsy," "autopsy," and "postmortem examination." The topic deserves further discussion. A synonym is a word that has the "same sense" as another. Synonyms, according to the<i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, are words that have "the same general sense, but possessing each of them meanings which are not shared by the others, or having different shades of meaning or implications appropriate to different contexts." The essence of synonymy is that, under certain circumstances or<i>in particular contexts</i>, the meanings overlap. It is not possible to have two words that mean the same in all
Nocturia
Authors: Michael D. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A physician from New Jersey recently sought discussion of hourly nocturia one year after his second transurethral resection (238:2727, 1977). He stated that he voids 60 to 120 ml of urine each time, with a maximal bladder capacity of 180 ml. In his discussion the consultant concentrated on lower urinary tract causes of frequency, particularly bladder neck obstructions. Though this is appropriate, still it must be remembered that there are other causes of nocturia. A patient whose voiding urge arises at one third to two thirds of maximal bladder capacity is, perhaps, not voiding inappropriately. Consideration should be given to early heart failure or other causes of edema, development of renal insufficiency, adrenal cortical or pituitary insufficiency, and the other known causes of a relative increase in nocturnal urination.
A 4-Year-Old Girl with Manifestations of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities
Authors: Alan Woolf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) syndrome, also known as idiopathic environmental intolerance, is a controversial diagnosis that encompasses a wide range of waxing and waning, subjective symptoms referable to more than one body system and provoked by exposure to low levels of chemicals, foods, or other agents in the environment. Although MCS has been studied extensively, a unifying mechanism explaining the illness remains obscure, and clinicians are divided as to whether such a medical entity exists separately from psychosomatic syndromes. MCS is an adult diagnosis; there is little reference to pediatric cases in the scientific literature. In this case from the Pediatric Environmental Health Subspecialty Unit at Boston's Children's Hospital, I present the case of a preschool child who had suffered from milk allergy and poor weight gain as an infant, and then later developed asthma, allergic symptoms, sinusitis, headaches, fatigue, and rashes precipitated by an expanding variety of chemicals, foods, and allergens. I review definitions, mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and management, and discuss some uniquely pediatric features of MCS as illustrated by this case.
Elective Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Placement in High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—Reply
Authors: Divaka Perera, Rodney Stables, Simon Redwood
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal